diff --git a/py4DSTEM/braggvectors/diskdetection_aiml_cuda.py b/py4DSTEM/braggvectors/diskdetection_aiml_cuda.py
index d0f550dcc..c5f89b9fd 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/braggvectors/diskdetection_aiml_cuda.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/braggvectors/diskdetection_aiml_cuda.py
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except:
-    raise ImportError("Import Error: Please install cupy before proceeding")
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    raise ImportError("AIML CUDA Requires cupy")
 
 try:
     import tensorflow as tf
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/preprocess/utils.py b/py4DSTEM/preprocess/utils.py
index 0c76f35a7..752e2f81c 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/preprocess/utils.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/preprocess/utils.py
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 
 def bin2D(array, factor, dtype=np.float64):
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_base_class.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_base_class.py
index ae4c92d4b..6d7967550 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_base_class.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_base_class.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Array, Custom, Metadata, _read_metadata, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM.data import Calibration
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_dpc.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_dpc.py
index 4c80ed177..02138d738 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_dpc.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_dpc.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Array, Custom, Metadata, _read_metadata, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM.data import Calibration
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_mixedstate_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_mixedstate_ptychography.py
index 56fec1004..ceae66cd8 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_mixedstate_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_mixedstate_ptychography.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_multislice_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_multislice_ptychography.py
index a352502d0..aee383675 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_multislice_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_multislice_ptychography.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_magnetic_tomography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_magnetic_tomography.py
index 8691a121d..b09d18ca7 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_magnetic_tomography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_magnetic_tomography.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_tomography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_tomography.py
index d6bee12fd..1f6be1c38 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_tomography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_overlap_tomography.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_parallax.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_parallax.py
index 80cdd8cd8..7c5896b6a 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_parallax.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_parallax.py
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 warnings.simplefilter(action="always", category=UserWarning)
 
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_simultaneous_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_simultaneous_ptychography.py
index 8881d021c..e3713cde1 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_simultaneous_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_simultaneous_ptychography.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_singleslice_ptychography.py b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_singleslice_ptychography.py
index 0480bae8a..df0ef5e1c 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_singleslice_ptychography.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/phase/iterative_singleslice_ptychography.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 from emdfile import Custom, tqdmnd
 from py4DSTEM.datacube import DataCube
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/cross_correlate.py b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/cross_correlate.py
index f9aac1312..50de91e33 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/cross_correlate.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/cross_correlate.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 
 def get_cross_correlation(ar, template, corrPower=1, _returnval="real"):
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/multicorr.py b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/multicorr.py
index 8523c8e62..bc07390bb 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/multicorr.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/multicorr.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 
 def upsampled_correlation(imageCorr, upsampleFactor, xyShift, device="cpu"):
diff --git a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/utils.py b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/utils.py
index 03d3d07a0..4ef2e1d8a 100644
--- a/py4DSTEM/process/utils/utils.py
+++ b/py4DSTEM/process/utils/utils.py
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ def clear_output(wait=True):
 
 try:
     import cupy as cp
-except ImportError:
-    cp = None
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    cp = np
 
 
 def radial_reduction(ar, x0, y0, binsize=1, fn=np.mean, coords=None):