diff --git a/notebooks/dnadiffusion.py b/notebooks/dnadiffusion.py
index 3f68b328..29384c34 100644
--- a/notebooks/dnadiffusion.py
+++ b/notebooks/dnadiffusion.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import copy
+import itertools
 import math
 import os
 import pickle
 import random
-import tempfile
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def create_sample(
     conditional_numeric_to_tag: dict,
     number_of_samples: int = 20,
     specific_group: bool = False,
-    group_number: Optional[list] = None,
+    group_number: list | None = None,
     cond_weight_to_metric: int = 0,
     save_timestep_dataframe: bool = False,
 ):
@@ -577,7 +577,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.init_conv = nn.Conv2d(input_channels, init_dim, (7, 7), padding=3)
         dims = [init_dim, *(dim * m for m in dim_mults)]
 
-        in_out = list(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:]))
+        # in_out = list(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:]))
+        in_out = itertools.pairwise(dims)
         block_klass = partial(ResnetBlock, groups=resnet_block_groups)
 
         # time embeddings
@@ -744,8 +745,8 @@ def save_fasta(df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, seq_to_subset_co
 
 
 def generate_motifs_and_fastas(
-    df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, subset_list: Optional[List] = None
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, subset_list: list | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     print("Generating Motifs and Fastas...", name)
     print("---" * 10)
 
@@ -775,8 +776,8 @@ def generate_motifs_and_fastas(
 
 def preprocess_data(
     input_csv: str,
-    subset_list: Optional[List] = None,
-    limit_total_sequences: Optional[int] = None,
+    subset_list: list | None = None,
+    limit_total_sequences: int | None = None,
     number_of_sequences_to_motif_creation: int = 1000,
     save_output: bool = True,
 ):
@@ -853,7 +854,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, index):
 def load_data(
     data_path: str = "K562_hESCT0_HepG2_GM12878_12k_sequences_per_group.txt",
     saved_data_path: str = "encode_data_dict.npy",
-    subset_list: List = [
+    subset_list: list = [
         "GM12878_ENCLB441ZZZ",
         "hESCT0_ENCLB449ZZZ",
         "K562_ENCLB843GMH",
diff --git a/notebooks/experiments/conditional_diffusion/full_script_version_from_accelerate_notebook/dnadiffusion.py b/notebooks/experiments/conditional_diffusion/full_script_version_from_accelerate_notebook/dnadiffusion.py
index f4ceac01..a096732c 100644
--- a/notebooks/experiments/conditional_diffusion/full_script_version_from_accelerate_notebook/dnadiffusion.py
+++ b/notebooks/experiments/conditional_diffusion/full_script_version_from_accelerate_notebook/dnadiffusion.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import copy
+import itertools
 import math
 import os
 import random
@@ -891,7 +892,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.init_conv = nn.Conv2d(input_channels, init_dim, (7, 7), padding=3)
         dims = [init_dim, *(dim * m for m in dim_mults)]
 
-        in_out = list(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:]))
+        # in_out = list(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:]))
+        in_out = itertools.pairwise(dims)
         block_klass = partial(ResnetBlock, groups=resnet_block_groups)
 
         # time embeddings
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3d8e4d8f..bff195c1 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,10 +1,47 @@
-[tool.black]
-target-version = ["py37"]
-line-length = 120
-skip-string-normalization = true
+[build-system]
+requires = ["hatchling", "hatch-regex-commit"]
+build-backend = "hatchling.build"
+
+[project]
+name = "dnadiffusion"
+authors = [
+  { name = "dnadiffusion", email = "dnadiffusion@pinellolab.org" }
+]
+description = "Library for probabilistic analysis of protein-protein interaction sequencing data."
+readme = "README.md"
+dynamic = ["version"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+]
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+dependencies = [
+  "accelerate==0.23.0",
+  "click==8.1.7",
+  "einops==0.7.0",
+  "genomepy==0.16.1",
+  "gimmemotifs==0.18.0",
+  "gtfparse==1.3.0",
+  "jupyterlab==4.0.7",
+  "matplotlib==3.8.0",
+  "memory-efficient-attention-pytorch==0.1.6",
+  "pandas==2.1.1",
+  "pybedtools==0.9.1",
+  "seaborn==0.13.0",
+  "sourmash==4.8.4",
+  "torch==2.1.0",
+  "torchvision==0.16.0",
+  "wandb==0.15.12",
+]
+
+[project.scripts]
+dnadiffusion = "dnadiffusion.cli:main"
+
+[project.urls]
+Documentation = "https://pinellolab.github.io/DNA-Diffusion"
+Source = "https://github.com/pinellolab/DNA-Diffusion"
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py37"
+target-version = "py310"
 line-length = 120
 select = [
   "A",
@@ -54,6 +91,9 @@ exclude = [
 [tool.ruff.isort]
 known-first-party = ["dnadiffusion"]
 
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "double"
+
 [tool.ruff.flake8-tidy-imports]
 ban-relative-imports = "all"
 
@@ -94,10 +134,6 @@ module = [
     "accelerate",
     "Bio",
     "hydra_zen",
-    "lightning",
-    "lightning.pytorch.utilities",
-    "lightning.pytorch.callbacks",
-    "lightning.pytorch.loggers",
     "memory_efficient_attention_pytorch",
     "matplotlib",
     "matplotlib.pyplot",
@@ -124,8 +160,6 @@ path = "src/dnadiffusion/__about__.py"
 [tool.hatch.envs.default]
 python = "3.10"
 dependencies = [
-    "black==23.10.1",
-    "black[jupyter]",
     "mkdocs-material==9.3.1",
     "mkdocstrings==0.23.0",
     "mkdocstrings[python]",
@@ -142,55 +176,14 @@ dependencies = [
 test = "pytest -rA"
 test-cov-xml = "pytest -rA --cov-report=xml"
 lint = [
-  "black .",
+  "ruff format .",
   "ruff --fix .",
   # "mypy src/dnadiffusion/",
 ]
 lint-check = [
-  "black --check .",
+  "ruff format --check .",
   "ruff .",
   # "mypy src/dnadiffusion/",
 ]
 docs-serve = "mkdocs serve"
 docs-build = "mkdocs build"
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["hatchling", "hatch-regex-commit"]
-build-backend = "hatchling.build"
-
-[project]
-name = "dnadiffusion"
-authors = [
-  { name = "dnadiffusion", email = "dnadiffusion@pinellolab.org" }
-]
-description = "Library for probabilistic analysis of protein-protein interaction sequencing data."
-readme = "README.md"
-dynamic = ["version"]
-classifiers = [
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-]
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
-dependencies = [
-  "accelerate==0.23.0",
-  "click==8.1.7",
-  "einops==0.7.0",
-  "genomepy==0.16.1",
-  "gimmemotifs==0.18.0",
-  "gtfparse==1.3.0",
-  "matplotlib==3.8.0",
-  "memory-efficient-attention-pytorch==0.1.6",
-  "pandas==2.1.1",
-  "pybedtools==0.9.1",
-  "seaborn==0.13.0",
-  "sourmash==4.8.4",
-  "torch==2.1.0",
-  "torchvision==0.16.0",
-  "wandb==0.15.12",
-]
-
-[project.scripts]
-dnadiffusion = "dnadiffusion.cli:main"
-
-[project.urls]
-Documentation = "https://pinellolab.github.io/DNA-Diffusion"
-Source = "https://github.com/pinellolab/DNA-Diffusion"
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/data/dataloader.py b/src/dnadiffusion/data/dataloader.py
index 5901374e..618767a1 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/data/dataloader.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/data/dataloader.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 import random
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 def load_data(
     data_path: str = "K562_hESCT0_HepG2_GM12878_12k_sequences_per_group.txt",
     saved_data_path: str = "encode_data.pkl",
-    subset_list: List = [
+    subset_list: list = [
         "GM12878_ENCLB441ZZZ",
         "hESCT0_ENCLB449ZZZ",
         "K562_ENCLB843GMH",
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ def save_fasta(df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, seq_to_subset_co
 
 
 def generate_motifs_and_fastas(
-    df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, subset_list: Optional[List] = None
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    df: pd.DataFrame, name: str, num_sequences: int, subset_list: list | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     print("Generating Motifs and Fastas...", name)
     print("---" * 10)
 
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ def generate_motifs_and_fastas(
 
 def preprocess_data(
     input_csv: str,
-    subset_list: Optional[List] = None,
-    limit_total_sequences: Optional[int] = None,
+    subset_list: list | None = None,
+    limit_total_sequences: int | None = None,
     number_of_sequences_to_motif_creation: int = 1000,
     save_output: bool = True,
 ):
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/data/preprocessing.py b/src/dnadiffusion/data/preprocessing.py
index f3648f8e..1cd9cdc5 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/data/preprocessing.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/data/preprocessing.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import shutil
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@
 def preprocess_data(
     data_path: Path = DATA_DIR,
     df_path: str = "/master_dataset.ftr",
-    cell_list: List = ["K562_ENCLB843GMH", "hESCT0_ENCLB449ZZZ", "HepG2_ENCLB029COU", "GM12878_ENCLB441ZZZ"],
+    cell_list: list = ["K562_ENCLB843GMH", "hESCT0_ENCLB449ZZZ", "HepG2_ENCLB029COU", "GM12878_ENCLB441ZZZ"],
     download_data_bool: bool = True,
     create_master_dataset_bool: bool = True,
     filter_data_bool: bool = True,
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/metrics/motif_composition.py b/src/dnadiffusion/metrics/motif_composition.py
index 51beb475..4b08e4d8 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/metrics/motif_composition.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/metrics/motif_composition.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import os
 import re
-from typing import Dict
 
 import pandas as pd
 
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ def motif_composition_matrix(
     return output_df
 
 
-def parse_motif_file(file_path: str = f"{DATA_DIR}/JASPAR2020_vertebrates.pfm", download_data: bool = False) -> Dict:
+def parse_motif_file(file_path: str = f"{DATA_DIR}/JASPAR2020_vertebrates.pfm", download_data: bool = False) -> dict:
     """Given a file path to the motif pfm file, return a sorted dictionary of motifs."""
     if download_data:
         # Download JASPAR2020_vertebrates.pfm
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/models/layers.py b/src/dnadiffusion/models/layers.py
index 65a9e815..249453e6 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/models/layers.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/models/layers.py
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, *args, **kwargs):
         return self.fn(x, *args, **kwargs) + x
 
 
-def Upsample(dim: int, dim_out: Optional[int]):
+def Upsample(dim: int, dim_out: int | None):
     return nn.Sequential(
         nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode="nearest"),
         nn.Conv2d(dim, default(dim_out, dim), 3, padding=1),
     )
 
 
-def Downsample(dim: int, dim_out: Optional[int]):
+def Downsample(dim: int, dim_out: int | None):
     return nn.Conv2d(dim, default(dim_out, dim), 4, 2, 1)
 
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def __init__(self, dim: int, dim_out: int, groups: int = 8) -> None:
         self.norm = nn.GroupNorm(groups, dim_out)
         self.act = nn.SiLU()
 
-    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, scale_shift: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, scale_shift: torch.Tensor | None = None):
         x = self.proj(x)
         x = self.norm(x)
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, scale_shift: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
 
 
 class ResnetBlock(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, dim: int, dim_out: int, *, time_emb_dim: Optional[int], groups: int = 8) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, dim: int, dim_out: int, *, time_emb_dim: int | None, groups: int = 8) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.mlp = (nn.Sequential(nn.SiLU(), nn.Linear(time_emb_dim, dim_out * 2))) if exists(time_emb_dim) else None
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ def __init__(self, dim: int, dim_out: int, *, time_emb_dim: Optional[int], group
         self.block2 = Block(dim_out, dim_out, groups=groups)
         self.res_conv = nn.Conv2d(dim, dim_out, 1) if dim != dim_out else nn.Identity()
 
-    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, time_emb: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
+    def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, time_emb: torch.Tensor | None = None):
         scale_shift = None
         if exists(self.mlp) and exists(time_emb):
             time_emb = self.mlp(time_emb)
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/models/unet.py b/src/dnadiffusion/models/unet.py
index 4ad060b7..748a5530 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/models/unet.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/models/unet.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import itertools
 from functools import partial
 from typing import Optional
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.init_conv = nn.Conv2d(input_channels, init_dim, (7, 7), padding=3)
         dims = [init_dim, *(dim * m for m in dim_mults)]
 
-        in_out = list(zip(dims[:-1], dims[1:]))
+        in_out = itertools.pairwise(dims)
         block_klass = partial(ResnetBlock, groups=resnet_block_groups)
 
         # time embeddings
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/data_util.py b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/data_util.py
index 6689bfce..2f828d0c 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/data_util.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/data_util.py
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def get_gtf_df(self):
         return self.df_gtf
 
     def geneid2genename(self, gene_list):
-        '''given a list of geneid convert it to list names
+        """given a list of geneid convert it to list names
         ex:
             usage
             geneid2genename(["ENSG00000000003", "ENSG00000000004" ])
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def geneid2genename(self, gene_list):
         return:
             conversion results gene_id to gene_name
             list[str]
-        '''
+        """
         gtf_df = self.get_gtf_df()
         dict_conversion = dict(zip(gtf_df["gene_id"].values, gtf_df["gene_name"].values))
         return [dict_conversion[g] for g in gene_list]
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/sample_util.py b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/sample_util.py
index 972b4e76..e7b8e47c 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/sample_util.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/sample_util.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def create_sample(
     cell_types: list,
     conditional_numeric_to_tag: dict,
     number_of_samples: int = 1000,
-    group_number: Optional[list] = None,
+    group_number: list | None = None,
     cond_weight_to_metric: int = 0,
     save_timesteps: bool = False,
     save_dataframe: bool = False,
diff --git a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/train_util.py b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/train_util.py
index 25bf7278..f8ce33de 100644
--- a/src/dnadiffusion/utils/train_util.py
+++ b/src/dnadiffusion/utils/train_util.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import copy
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
 
 import torch
 import torchvision.transforms as T
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 class TrainLoop:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        data: Dict[str, Any],
+        data: dict[str, Any],
         model: torch.nn.Module,
         accelerator: Accelerator,
         epochs: int = 10000,