From d7e2e97e91c26797281942540c4ab06c90565ac4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dylan Conway <dylan.conway567@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2024 18:22:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] simdutf

---
 packages/bun-uws/src/WebSocketProtocol.h      |   713 +-
 src/bun.js/bindings/Base64Helpers.cpp         |     2 +-
 src/bun.js/bindings/BunString.cpp             |     5 +-
 src/bun.js/bindings/bun-simdutf.cpp           |     2 +-
 src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.cpp               | 38583 ----------------
 src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.h                 |  3758 --
 src/bun.js/bindings/sqlite/JSSQLStatement.cpp |     2 +-
 src/bun.js/bindings/wtf-bindings.cpp          |     2 +-
 src/bun.js/modules/NodeBufferModule.h         |     2 +-
 9 files changed, 383 insertions(+), 42686 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.cpp
 delete mode 100644 src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.h

diff --git a/packages/bun-uws/src/WebSocketProtocol.h b/packages/bun-uws/src/WebSocketProtocol.h
index f09d6b8be88f7b..f88e6f82c3c4d5 100644
--- a/packages/bun-uws/src/WebSocketProtocol.h
+++ b/packages/bun-uws/src/WebSocketProtocol.h
@@ -21,421 +21,458 @@
 #include <libusockets.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <string_view>
 
 // bun-specific
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 
 namespace uWS {
 
 /* We should not overcomplicate these */
 const std::string_view ERR_TOO_BIG_MESSAGE("Received too big message");
-const std::string_view ERR_WEBSOCKET_TIMEOUT("WebSocket timed out from inactivity");
+const std::string_view
+    ERR_WEBSOCKET_TIMEOUT("WebSocket timed out from inactivity");
 const std::string_view ERR_INVALID_TEXT("Received invalid UTF-8");
-const std::string_view ERR_TOO_BIG_MESSAGE_INFLATION("Received too big message, or other inflation error");
-const std::string_view ERR_INVALID_CLOSE_PAYLOAD("Received invalid close payload");
+const std::string_view ERR_TOO_BIG_MESSAGE_INFLATION(
+    "Received too big message, or other inflation error");
+const std::string_view
+    ERR_INVALID_CLOSE_PAYLOAD("Received invalid close payload");
 
 enum OpCode : unsigned char {
-    CONTINUATION = 0,
-    TEXT = 1,
-    BINARY = 2,
-    CLOSE = 8,
-    PING = 9,
-    PONG = 10
+  CONTINUATION = 0,
+  TEXT = 1,
+  BINARY = 2,
+  CLOSE = 8,
+  PING = 9,
+  PONG = 10
 };
 
-enum {
-    CLIENT,
-    SERVER
-};
+enum { CLIENT, SERVER };
 
 // 24 bytes perfectly
-template <bool isServer>
-struct WebSocketState {
+template <bool isServer> struct WebSocketState {
 public:
-    static const unsigned int SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 6 : 2;
-    static const unsigned int MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 8 : 4;
-    static const unsigned int LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 14 : 10;
-
-    // 16 bytes
-    struct State {
-        unsigned int wantsHead : 1;
-        unsigned int spillLength : 4;
-        signed int opStack : 2; // -1, 0, 1
-        unsigned int lastFin : 1;
-
-        // 15 bytes
-        unsigned char spill[LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER - 1];
-        OpCode opCode[2];
-
-        State() {
-            wantsHead = true;
-            spillLength = 0;
-            opStack = -1;
-            lastFin = true;
-        }
+  static const unsigned int SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 6 : 2;
+  static const unsigned int MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 8 : 4;
+  static const unsigned int LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 14 : 10;
+
+  // 16 bytes
+  struct State {
+    unsigned int wantsHead : 1;
+    unsigned int spillLength : 4;
+    signed int opStack : 2; // -1, 0, 1
+    unsigned int lastFin : 1;
+
+    // 15 bytes
+    unsigned char spill[LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER - 1];
+    OpCode opCode[2];
+
+    State() {
+      wantsHead = true;
+      spillLength = 0;
+      opStack = -1;
+      lastFin = true;
+    }
 
-    } state;
+  } state;
 
-    // 8 bytes
-    unsigned int remainingBytes = 0;
-    char mask[isServer ? 4 : 1];
+  // 8 bytes
+  unsigned int remainingBytes = 0;
+  char mask[isServer ? 4 : 1];
 };
 
 namespace protocol {
 
-template <typename T>
-T bit_cast(char *c) {
-    T val;
-    memcpy(&val, c, sizeof(T));
-    return val;
+template <typename T> T bit_cast(char *c) {
+  T val;
+  memcpy(&val, c, sizeof(T));
+  return val;
 }
 
 /* Byte swap for little-endian systems */
-template <typename T>
-T cond_byte_swap(T value) {
-    uint32_t endian_test = 1;
-    if (*((char *)&endian_test)) {
-        union {
-            T i;
-            uint8_t b[sizeof(T)];
-        } src = { value }, dst;
-
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(value); i++) {
-            dst.b[i] = src.b[sizeof(value) - 1 - i];
-        }
-
-        return dst.i;
+template <typename T> T cond_byte_swap(T value) {
+  uint32_t endian_test = 1;
+  if (*((char *)&endian_test)) {
+    union {
+      T i;
+      uint8_t b[sizeof(T)];
+    } src = {value}, dst;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(value); i++) {
+      dst.b[i] = src.b[sizeof(value) - 1 - i];
     }
-    return value;
+
+    return dst.i;
+  }
+  return value;
 }
 
-static bool isValidUtf8(unsigned char *s, size_t length)
-{
-    return simdutf::validate_utf8(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(s), length);
+static bool isValidUtf8(unsigned char *s, size_t length) {
+  return simdutf::validate_utf8(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(s), length);
 }
 
 struct CloseFrame {
-    uint16_t code;
-    char *message;
-    size_t length;
+  uint16_t code;
+  char *message;
+  size_t length;
 };
 
 static inline CloseFrame parseClosePayload(char *src, size_t length) {
-    /* If we get no code or message, default to reporting 1005 no status code present */
-    CloseFrame cf = {1005, nullptr, 0};
-    if (length >= 2) {
-        memcpy(&cf.code, src, 2);
-        cf = {cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(cf.code), src + 2, length - 2};
-        if (cf.code < 1000 || cf.code > 4999 || (cf.code > 1011 && cf.code < 4000) ||
-            (cf.code >= 1004 && cf.code <= 1006) || !isValidUtf8((unsigned char *) cf.message, cf.length)) {
-            /* Even though we got a WebSocket close frame, it in itself is abnormal */
-            return {1006, nullptr, 0};
-        }
+  /* If we get no code or message, default to reporting 1005 no status code
+   * present */
+  CloseFrame cf = {1005, nullptr, 0};
+  if (length >= 2) {
+    memcpy(&cf.code, src, 2);
+    cf = {cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(cf.code), src + 2, length - 2};
+    if (cf.code < 1000 || cf.code > 4999 ||
+        (cf.code > 1011 && cf.code < 4000) ||
+        (cf.code >= 1004 && cf.code <= 1006) ||
+        !isValidUtf8((unsigned char *)cf.message, cf.length)) {
+      /* Even though we got a WebSocket close frame, it in itself is abnormal */
+      return {1006, nullptr, 0};
     }
-    return cf;
+  }
+  return cf;
 }
 
-static inline size_t formatClosePayload(char *dst, uint16_t code, const char *message, size_t length) {
-    /* We could have more strict checks here, but never append code 0 or 1005 or 1006 */
-    if (code && code != 1005 && code != 1006) {
-        code = cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(code);
-        memcpy(dst, &code, 2);
-        /* It is invalid to pass nullptr to memcpy, even though length is 0 */
-        if (message) {
-            memcpy(dst + 2, message, length);
-        }
-        return length + 2;
+static inline size_t formatClosePayload(char *dst, uint16_t code,
+                                        const char *message, size_t length) {
+  /* We could have more strict checks here, but never append code 0 or 1005 or
+   * 1006 */
+  if (code && code != 1005 && code != 1006) {
+    code = cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(code);
+    memcpy(dst, &code, 2);
+    /* It is invalid to pass nullptr to memcpy, even though length is 0 */
+    if (message) {
+      memcpy(dst + 2, message, length);
     }
-    return 0;
+    return length + 2;
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 static inline size_t messageFrameSize(size_t messageSize) {
-    if (messageSize < 126) {
-        return 2 + messageSize;
-    } else if (messageSize <= UINT16_MAX) {
-        return 4 + messageSize;
-    }
-    return 10 + messageSize;
+  if (messageSize < 126) {
+    return 2 + messageSize;
+  } else if (messageSize <= UINT16_MAX) {
+    return 4 + messageSize;
+  }
+  return 10 + messageSize;
 }
 
-enum {
-    SND_CONTINUATION = 1,
-    SND_NO_FIN = 2,
-    SND_COMPRESSED = 64
-};
+enum { SND_CONTINUATION = 1, SND_NO_FIN = 2, SND_COMPRESSED = 64 };
 
 template <bool isServer>
-static inline size_t formatMessage(char *dst, const char *src, size_t length, OpCode opCode, size_t reportedLength, bool compressed, bool fin) {
-    size_t messageLength;
-    size_t headerLength;
-    if (reportedLength < 126) {
-        headerLength = 2;
-        dst[1] = (char) reportedLength;
-    } else if (reportedLength <= UINT16_MAX) {
-        headerLength = 4;
-        dst[1] = 126;
-        uint16_t tmp = cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>((uint16_t) reportedLength);
-        memcpy(&dst[2], &tmp, sizeof(uint16_t));
-    } else {
-        headerLength = 10;
-        dst[1] = 127;
-        uint64_t tmp = cond_byte_swap<uint64_t>((uint64_t) reportedLength);
-        memcpy(&dst[2], &tmp, sizeof(uint64_t));
+static inline size_t formatMessage(char *dst, const char *src, size_t length,
+                                   OpCode opCode, size_t reportedLength,
+                                   bool compressed, bool fin) {
+  size_t messageLength;
+  size_t headerLength;
+  if (reportedLength < 126) {
+    headerLength = 2;
+    dst[1] = (char)reportedLength;
+  } else if (reportedLength <= UINT16_MAX) {
+    headerLength = 4;
+    dst[1] = 126;
+    uint16_t tmp = cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>((uint16_t)reportedLength);
+    memcpy(&dst[2], &tmp, sizeof(uint16_t));
+  } else {
+    headerLength = 10;
+    dst[1] = 127;
+    uint64_t tmp = cond_byte_swap<uint64_t>((uint64_t)reportedLength);
+    memcpy(&dst[2], &tmp, sizeof(uint64_t));
+  }
+
+  dst[0] = (char)((fin ? 128 : 0) |
+                  ((compressed && opCode) ? SND_COMPRESSED : 0) | (char)opCode);
+
+  // printf("%d\n", (int)dst[0]);
+
+  char mask[4];
+  if (!isServer) {
+    dst[1] |= 0x80;
+    uint32_t random = (uint32_t)rand();
+    memcpy(mask, &random, 4);
+    memcpy(dst + headerLength, &random, 4);
+    headerLength += 4;
+  }
+
+  messageLength = headerLength + length;
+  memcpy(dst + headerLength, src, length);
+
+  if (!isServer) {
+
+    // overwrites up to 3 bytes outside of the given buffer!
+    // WebSocketProtocol<isServer>::unmaskInplace(dst + headerLength, dst +
+    // headerLength + length, mask);
+
+    // this is not optimal
+    char *start = dst + headerLength;
+    char *stop = start + length;
+    int i = 0;
+    while (start != stop) {
+      (*start++) ^= mask[i++ % 4];
     }
-
-    dst[0] = (char) ((fin ? 128 : 0) | ((compressed && opCode) ? SND_COMPRESSED : 0) | (char) opCode);
-
-    //printf("%d\n", (int)dst[0]);
-
-    char mask[4];
-    if (!isServer) {
-        dst[1] |= 0x80;
-        uint32_t random = (uint32_t) rand();
-        memcpy(mask, &random, 4);
-        memcpy(dst + headerLength, &random, 4);
-        headerLength += 4;
-    }
-
-    messageLength = headerLength + length;
-    memcpy(dst + headerLength, src, length);
-
-    if (!isServer) {
-
-        // overwrites up to 3 bytes outside of the given buffer!
-        //WebSocketProtocol<isServer>::unmaskInplace(dst + headerLength, dst + headerLength + length, mask);
-
-        // this is not optimal
-        char *start = dst + headerLength;
-        char *stop = start + length;
-        int i = 0;
-        while (start != stop) {
-            (*start++) ^= mask[i++ % 4];
-        }
-    }
-    return messageLength;
+  }
+  return messageLength;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace protocol
 
 // essentially this is only a parser
-template <const bool isServer, typename Impl>
-struct WebSocketProtocol {
+template <const bool isServer, typename Impl> struct WebSocketProtocol {
 public:
-    static const unsigned int SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 6 : 2;
-    static const unsigned int MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 8 : 4;
-    static const unsigned int LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 14 : 10;
+  static const unsigned int SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 6 : 2;
+  static const unsigned int MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 8 : 4;
+  static const unsigned int LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER = isServer ? 14 : 10;
 
 protected:
-    static inline bool isFin(char *frame) {return *((unsigned char *) frame) & 128;}
-    static inline unsigned char getOpCode(char *frame) {return *((unsigned char *) frame) & 15;}
-    static inline unsigned char payloadLength(char *frame) {return ((unsigned char *) frame)[1] & 127;}
-    static inline bool rsv23(char *frame) {return *((unsigned char *) frame) & 48;}
-    static inline bool rsv1(char *frame) {return *((unsigned char *) frame) & 64;}
-
-    template <int N>
-    static inline void UnrolledXor(char * __restrict data, char * __restrict mask) {
-        if constexpr (N != 1) {
-            UnrolledXor<N - 1>(data, mask);
-        }
-        data[N - 1] ^= mask[(N - 1) % 4];
+  static inline bool isFin(char *frame) {
+    return *((unsigned char *)frame) & 128;
+  }
+  static inline unsigned char getOpCode(char *frame) {
+    return *((unsigned char *)frame) & 15;
+  }
+  static inline unsigned char payloadLength(char *frame) {
+    return ((unsigned char *)frame)[1] & 127;
+  }
+  static inline bool rsv23(char *frame) {
+    return *((unsigned char *)frame) & 48;
+  }
+  static inline bool rsv1(char *frame) {
+    return *((unsigned char *)frame) & 64;
+  }
+
+  template <int N>
+  static inline void UnrolledXor(char *__restrict data, char *__restrict mask) {
+    if constexpr (N != 1) {
+      UnrolledXor<N - 1>(data, mask);
     }
-
-    static inline void unmaskImprecise(char *dst, char *src, char *mask, unsigned int length) {
-        for (unsigned int n = (length >> 2) + 1; n; n--) {
-            *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[0];
-            *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[1];
-            *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[2];
-            *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[3];
-        }
+    data[N - 1] ^= mask[(N - 1) % 4];
+  }
+
+  static inline void unmaskImprecise(char *dst, char *src, char *mask,
+                                     unsigned int length) {
+    for (unsigned int n = (length >> 2) + 1; n; n--) {
+      *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[0];
+      *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[1];
+      *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[2];
+      *(dst++) = *(src++) ^ mask[3];
     }
-
-    static inline void unmaskImpreciseCopyMask(char *src, unsigned int length) {
-        char mask[4] = {src[-4], src[-3], src[-2], src[-1]};
-        unmaskImprecise(src-4, src, mask, length);
+  }
+
+  static inline void unmaskImpreciseCopyMask(char *src, unsigned int length) {
+    char mask[4] = {src[-4], src[-3], src[-2], src[-1]};
+    unmaskImprecise(src - 4, src, mask, length);
+  }
+
+  static inline void rotateMask(unsigned int offset, char *mask) {
+    char originalMask[4] = {mask[0], mask[1], mask[2], mask[3]};
+    mask[(0 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[0];
+    mask[(1 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[1];
+    mask[(2 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[2];
+    mask[(3 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[3];
+  }
+
+  static inline void unmaskInplace(char *data, char *stop, char *mask) {
+    while (data < stop) {
+      *(data++) ^= mask[0];
+      *(data++) ^= mask[1];
+      *(data++) ^= mask[2];
+      *(data++) ^= mask[3];
     }
-
-    static inline void rotateMask(unsigned int offset, char *mask) {
-        char originalMask[4] = {mask[0], mask[1], mask[2], mask[3]};
-        mask[(0 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[0];
-        mask[(1 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[1];
-        mask[(2 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[2];
-        mask[(3 + offset) % 4] = originalMask[3];
+  }
+
+  template <unsigned int MESSAGE_HEADER, typename T>
+  static inline bool
+  consumeMessage(T payLength, char *&src, unsigned int &length,
+                 WebSocketState<isServer> *wState, void *user) {
+    if (getOpCode(src)) {
+      if (wState->state.opStack == 1 ||
+          (!wState->state.lastFin && getOpCode(src) < 2)) {
+        Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
+        return true;
+      }
+      wState->state.opCode[++wState->state.opStack] = (OpCode)getOpCode(src);
+    } else if (wState->state.opStack == -1) {
+      Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
+      return true;
     }
+    wState->state.lastFin = isFin(src);
 
-    static inline void unmaskInplace(char *data, char *stop, char *mask) {
-        while (data < stop) {
-            *(data++) ^= mask[0];
-            *(data++) ^= mask[1];
-            *(data++) ^= mask[2];
-            *(data++) ^= mask[3];
-        }
+    if (Impl::refusePayloadLength(payLength, wState, user)) {
+      Impl::forceClose(wState, user, ERR_TOO_BIG_MESSAGE);
+      return true;
     }
 
-    template <unsigned int MESSAGE_HEADER, typename T>
-    static inline bool consumeMessage(T payLength, char *&src, unsigned int &length, WebSocketState<isServer> *wState, void *user) {
-        if (getOpCode(src)) {
-            if (wState->state.opStack == 1 || (!wState->state.lastFin && getOpCode(src) < 2)) {
-                Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
-                return true;
-            }
-            wState->state.opCode[++wState->state.opStack] = (OpCode) getOpCode(src);
-        } else if (wState->state.opStack == -1) {
-            Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
-            return true;
+    if (payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER <= length) {
+      if (isServer) {
+        unmaskImpreciseCopyMask(src + MESSAGE_HEADER, (unsigned int)payLength);
+        if (Impl::handleFragment(src + MESSAGE_HEADER - 4, payLength, 0,
+                                 wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack],
+                                 isFin(src), wState, user)) {
+          return true;
         }
-        wState->state.lastFin = isFin(src);
-
-        if (Impl::refusePayloadLength(payLength, wState, user)) {
-            Impl::forceClose(wState, user, ERR_TOO_BIG_MESSAGE);
-            return true;
+      } else {
+        if (Impl::handleFragment(src + MESSAGE_HEADER, payLength, 0,
+                                 wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack],
+                                 isFin(src), wState, user)) {
+          return true;
         }
+      }
 
-        if (payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER <= length) {
-            if (isServer) {
-                unmaskImpreciseCopyMask(src + MESSAGE_HEADER, (unsigned int) payLength);
-                if (Impl::handleFragment(src + MESSAGE_HEADER - 4, payLength, 0, wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], isFin(src), wState, user)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (Impl::handleFragment(src + MESSAGE_HEADER, payLength, 0, wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], isFin(src), wState, user)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (isFin(src)) {
-                wState->state.opStack--;
-            }
-
-            src += payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER;
-            length -= (unsigned int) (payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER);
-            wState->state.spillLength = 0;
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            wState->state.spillLength = 0;
-            wState->state.wantsHead = false;
-            wState->remainingBytes = (unsigned int) (payLength - length + MESSAGE_HEADER);
-            bool fin = isFin(src);
-            if (isServer) {
-                memcpy(wState->mask, src + MESSAGE_HEADER - 4, 4);
-                unmaskImprecise(src, src + MESSAGE_HEADER, wState->mask, length - MESSAGE_HEADER);
-                rotateMask(4 - (length - MESSAGE_HEADER) % 4, wState->mask);
-            } else {
-                src += MESSAGE_HEADER;
-            }
-            Impl::handleFragment(src, length - MESSAGE_HEADER, wState->remainingBytes, wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], fin, wState, user);
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
+      if (isFin(src)) {
+        wState->state.opStack--;
+      }
 
-    /* This one is nicely vectorized on both ARM64 and X64 - especially with -mavx */
-    static inline void unmaskAll(char * __restrict data, char * __restrict mask) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < LIBUS_RECV_BUFFER_LENGTH; i += 16) {
-            UnrolledXor<16>(data + i, mask);
-        }
+      src += payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER;
+      length -= (unsigned int)(payLength + MESSAGE_HEADER);
+      wState->state.spillLength = 0;
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      wState->state.spillLength = 0;
+      wState->state.wantsHead = false;
+      wState->remainingBytes =
+          (unsigned int)(payLength - length + MESSAGE_HEADER);
+      bool fin = isFin(src);
+      if (isServer) {
+        memcpy(wState->mask, src + MESSAGE_HEADER - 4, 4);
+        unmaskImprecise(src, src + MESSAGE_HEADER, wState->mask,
+                        length - MESSAGE_HEADER);
+        rotateMask(4 - (length - MESSAGE_HEADER) % 4, wState->mask);
+      } else {
+        src += MESSAGE_HEADER;
+      }
+      Impl::handleFragment(src, length - MESSAGE_HEADER, wState->remainingBytes,
+                           wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], fin,
+                           wState, user);
+      return true;
     }
+  }
 
-    static inline bool consumeContinuation(char *&src, unsigned int &length, WebSocketState<isServer> *wState, void *user) {
-        if (wState->remainingBytes <= length) {
-            if (isServer) {
-                unsigned int n = wState->remainingBytes >> 2;
-                unmaskInplace(src, src + n * 4, wState->mask);
-                for (unsigned int i = 0, s = wState->remainingBytes % 4; i < s; i++) {
-                    src[n * 4 + i] ^= wState->mask[i];
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (Impl::handleFragment(src, wState->remainingBytes, 0, wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], wState->state.lastFin, wState, user)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (wState->state.lastFin) {
-                wState->state.opStack--;
-            }
-
-            src += wState->remainingBytes;
-            length -= wState->remainingBytes;
-            wState->state.wantsHead = true;
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (isServer) {
-                /* No need to unmask if mask is 0 */
-                uint32_t nullmask = 0;
-                if (memcmp(wState->mask, &nullmask, sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-                    if /*constexpr*/ (LIBUS_RECV_BUFFER_LENGTH == length) {
-                        unmaskAll(src, wState->mask);
-                    } else {
-                        // Slow path
-                        unmaskInplace(src, src + ((length >> 2) + 1) * 4, wState->mask);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            wState->remainingBytes -= length;
-            if (Impl::handleFragment(src, length, wState->remainingBytes, wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack], wState->state.lastFin, wState, user)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (isServer && length % 4) {
-                rotateMask(4 - (length % 4), wState->mask);
-            }
-            return false;
+  /* This one is nicely vectorized on both ARM64 and X64 - especially with -mavx
+   */
+  static inline void unmaskAll(char *__restrict data, char *__restrict mask) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < LIBUS_RECV_BUFFER_LENGTH; i += 16) {
+      UnrolledXor<16>(data + i, mask);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static inline bool consumeContinuation(char *&src, unsigned int &length,
+                                         WebSocketState<isServer> *wState,
+                                         void *user) {
+    if (wState->remainingBytes <= length) {
+      if (isServer) {
+        unsigned int n = wState->remainingBytes >> 2;
+        unmaskInplace(src, src + n * 4, wState->mask);
+        for (unsigned int i = 0, s = wState->remainingBytes % 4; i < s; i++) {
+          src[n * 4 + i] ^= wState->mask[i];
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (Impl::handleFragment(src, wState->remainingBytes, 0,
+                               wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack],
+                               wState->state.lastFin, wState, user)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (wState->state.lastFin) {
+        wState->state.opStack--;
+      }
+
+      src += wState->remainingBytes;
+      length -= wState->remainingBytes;
+      wState->state.wantsHead = true;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      if (isServer) {
+        /* No need to unmask if mask is 0 */
+        uint32_t nullmask = 0;
+        if (memcmp(wState->mask, &nullmask, sizeof(uint32_t))) {
+          if /*constexpr*/ (LIBUS_RECV_BUFFER_LENGTH == length) {
+            unmaskAll(src, wState->mask);
+          } else {
+            // Slow path
+            unmaskInplace(src, src + ((length >> 2) + 1) * 4, wState->mask);
+          }
         }
+      }
+
+      wState->remainingBytes -= length;
+      if (Impl::handleFragment(src, length, wState->remainingBytes,
+                               wState->state.opCode[wState->state.opStack],
+                               wState->state.lastFin, wState, user)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (isServer && length % 4) {
+        rotateMask(4 - (length % 4), wState->mask);
+      }
+      return false;
     }
+  }
 
 public:
-    WebSocketProtocol() {
-
+  WebSocketProtocol() {}
+
+  static inline void consume(char *src, unsigned int length,
+                             WebSocketState<isServer> *wState, void *user) {
+    if (wState->state.spillLength) {
+      src -= wState->state.spillLength;
+      length += wState->state.spillLength;
+      memcpy(src, wState->state.spill, wState->state.spillLength);
     }
-
-    static inline void consume(char *src, unsigned int length, WebSocketState<isServer> *wState, void *user) {
-        if (wState->state.spillLength) {
-            src -= wState->state.spillLength;
-            length += wState->state.spillLength;
-            memcpy(src, wState->state.spill, wState->state.spillLength);
+    if (wState->state.wantsHead) {
+    parseNext:
+      while (length >= SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
+
+        // invalid reserved bits / invalid opcodes / invalid control frames /
+        // set compressed frame
+        if ((rsv1(src) && !Impl::setCompressed(wState, user)) || rsv23(src) ||
+            (getOpCode(src) > 2 && getOpCode(src) < 8) || getOpCode(src) > 10 ||
+            (getOpCode(src) > 2 && (!isFin(src) || payloadLength(src) > 125))) {
+          Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
+          return;
         }
-        if (wState->state.wantsHead) {
-            parseNext:
-            while (length >= SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
-
-                // invalid reserved bits / invalid opcodes / invalid control frames / set compressed frame
-                if ((rsv1(src) && !Impl::setCompressed(wState, user)) || rsv23(src) || (getOpCode(src) > 2 && getOpCode(src) < 8) ||
-                    getOpCode(src) > 10 || (getOpCode(src) > 2 && (!isFin(src) || payloadLength(src) > 125))) {
-                    Impl::forceClose(wState, user);
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (payloadLength(src) < 126) {
-                    if (consumeMessage<SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint8_t>(payloadLength(src), src, length, wState, user)) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                } else if (payloadLength(src) == 126) {
-                    if (length < MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
-                        break;
-                    } else if(consumeMessage<MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint16_t>(protocol::cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(protocol::bit_cast<uint16_t>(src + 2)), src, length, wState, user)) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-                } else if (length < LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
-                    break;
-                } else if (consumeMessage<LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint64_t>(protocol::cond_byte_swap<uint64_t>(protocol::bit_cast<uint64_t>(src + 2)), src, length, wState, user)) {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            if (length) {
-                memcpy(wState->state.spill, src, length);
-                wState->state.spillLength = length & 0xf;
-            }
-        } else if (consumeContinuation(src, length, wState, user)) {
-            goto parseNext;
+
+        if (payloadLength(src) < 126) {
+          if (consumeMessage<SHORT_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint8_t>(
+                  payloadLength(src), src, length, wState, user)) {
+            return;
+          }
+        } else if (payloadLength(src) == 126) {
+          if (length < MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
+            break;
+          } else if (consumeMessage<MEDIUM_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint16_t>(
+                         protocol::cond_byte_swap<uint16_t>(
+                             protocol::bit_cast<uint16_t>(src + 2)),
+                         src, length, wState, user)) {
+            return;
+          }
+        } else if (length < LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER) {
+          break;
+        } else if (consumeMessage<LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER, uint64_t>(
+                       protocol::cond_byte_swap<uint64_t>(
+                           protocol::bit_cast<uint64_t>(src + 2)),
+                       src, length, wState, user)) {
+          return;
         }
+      }
+      if (length) {
+        memcpy(wState->state.spill, src, length);
+        wState->state.spillLength = length & 0xf;
+      }
+    } else if (consumeContinuation(src, length, wState, user)) {
+      goto parseNext;
     }
+  }
 
-    static const int CONSUME_POST_PADDING = 4;
-    static const int CONSUME_PRE_PADDING = LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER - 1;
+  static const int CONSUME_POST_PADDING = 4;
+  static const int CONSUME_PRE_PADDING = LONG_MESSAGE_HEADER - 1;
 };
 
-}
+} // namespace uWS
 
 #endif // UWS_WEBSOCKETPROTOCOL_H
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/Base64Helpers.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/Base64Helpers.cpp
index 58d7934331af28..ac99cf78e81f5a 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/Base64Helpers.cpp
+++ b/src/bun.js/bindings/Base64Helpers.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 #include "root.h"
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 
 #include "ExceptionOr.h"
 
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/BunString.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/BunString.cpp
index 562349a778be3c..6d1b807b88b35a 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/BunString.cpp
+++ b/src/bun.js/bindings/BunString.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "JavaScriptCore/JSCJSValue.h"
 #include "JavaScriptCore/PutPropertySlot.h"
 
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 #include "JSDOMURL.h"
 #include "DOMURL.h"
 #include "ZigGlobalObject.h"
@@ -205,7 +205,8 @@ BunString toStringRef(WTF::StringImpl* wtfString)
     return { BunStringTag::WTFStringImpl, { .wtf = wtfString } };
 }
 
-BunString toStringView(StringView view) {
+BunString toStringView(StringView view)
+{
     return {
         BunStringTag::ZigString,
         { .zig = toZigString(view) }
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/bun-simdutf.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/bun-simdutf.cpp
index 4909be19aab358..80a74fe4a3babf 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/bun-simdutf.cpp
+++ b/src/bun.js/bindings/bun-simdutf.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 
 typedef struct SIMDUTFResult {
     int error;
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e4650b90b25ee8..00000000000000
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38583 +0,0 @@
-// clang-format off
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wall"
-/* auto-generated on 2024-05-07 22:33:11 -0400. Do not edit! */
-/* begin file src/simdutf.cpp */
-#include "simdutf.h"
-// We include base64_tables once.
-/* begin file src/tables/base64_tables.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_BASE64_TABLES_H
-#define SIMDUTF_BASE64_TABLES_H
-#include <array>
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace {
-namespace tables {
-namespace base64 {
-namespace base64_default {
-
-const char e0[256] = {
-    'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C', 'C', 'D', 'D', 'D',
-    'D', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'F', 'F', 'F', 'F', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'H', 'H',
-    'H', 'H', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'J', 'J', 'J', 'J', 'K', 'K', 'K', 'K', 'L',
-    'L', 'L', 'L', 'M', 'M', 'M', 'M', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O',
-    'P', 'P', 'P', 'P', 'Q', 'Q', 'Q', 'Q', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'S', 'S', 'S',
-    'S', 'T', 'T', 'T', 'T', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'V', 'V', 'V', 'V', 'W', 'W',
-    'W', 'W', 'X', 'X', 'X', 'X', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Z', 'Z', 'Z', 'Z', 'a',
-    'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd',
-    'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'h', 'h', 'h',
-    'h', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'j', 'j', 'j', 'j', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'l', 'l',
-    'l', 'l', 'm', 'm', 'm', 'm', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'p',
-    'p', 'p', 'p', 'q', 'q', 'q', 'q', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 's', 's', 's', 's',
-    't', 't', 't', 't', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'v', 'v', 'v', 'v', 'w', 'w', 'w',
-    'w', 'x', 'x', 'x', 'x', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', '0', '0',
-    '0', '0', '1', '1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '4',
-    '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '5', '6', '6', '6', '6', '7', '7', '7', '7',
-    '8', '8', '8', '8', '9', '9', '9', '9', '+', '+', '+', '+', '/', '/', '/',
-    '/'};
-
-const char e1[256] = {
-    'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O',
-    'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
-    'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
-    't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-    '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K',
-    'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
-    'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o',
-    'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
-    '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G',
-    'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
-    'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k',
-    'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
-    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C',
-    'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R',
-    'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g',
-    'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
-    'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+',
-    '/'};
-
-const char e2[256] = {
-    'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O',
-    'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
-    'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
-    't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-    '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K',
-    'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
-    'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o',
-    'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
-    '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G',
-    'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
-    'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k',
-    'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
-    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/', 'A', 'B', 'C',
-    'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R',
-    'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g',
-    'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
-    'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+',
-    '/'};
-
-const uint32_t d0[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x000000f8, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x000000fc,
-    0x000000d0, 0x000000d4, 0x000000d8, 0x000000dc, 0x000000e0, 0x000000e4,
-    0x000000e8, 0x000000ec, 0x000000f0, 0x000000f4, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00000004, 0x00000008, 0x0000000c, 0x00000010, 0x00000014, 0x00000018,
-    0x0000001c, 0x00000020, 0x00000024, 0x00000028, 0x0000002c, 0x00000030,
-    0x00000034, 0x00000038, 0x0000003c, 0x00000040, 0x00000044, 0x00000048,
-    0x0000004c, 0x00000050, 0x00000054, 0x00000058, 0x0000005c, 0x00000060,
-    0x00000064, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x00000068, 0x0000006c, 0x00000070, 0x00000074, 0x00000078,
-    0x0000007c, 0x00000080, 0x00000084, 0x00000088, 0x0000008c, 0x00000090,
-    0x00000094, 0x00000098, 0x0000009c, 0x000000a0, 0x000000a4, 0x000000a8,
-    0x000000ac, 0x000000b0, 0x000000b4, 0x000000b8, 0x000000bc, 0x000000c0,
-    0x000000c4, 0x000000c8, 0x000000cc, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-
-const uint32_t d1[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x0000e003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x0000f003,
-    0x00004003, 0x00005003, 0x00006003, 0x00007003, 0x00008003, 0x00009003,
-    0x0000a003, 0x0000b003, 0x0000c003, 0x0000d003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00001000, 0x00002000, 0x00003000, 0x00004000, 0x00005000, 0x00006000,
-    0x00007000, 0x00008000, 0x00009000, 0x0000a000, 0x0000b000, 0x0000c000,
-    0x0000d000, 0x0000e000, 0x0000f000, 0x00000001, 0x00001001, 0x00002001,
-    0x00003001, 0x00004001, 0x00005001, 0x00006001, 0x00007001, 0x00008001,
-    0x00009001, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x0000a001, 0x0000b001, 0x0000c001, 0x0000d001, 0x0000e001,
-    0x0000f001, 0x00000002, 0x00001002, 0x00002002, 0x00003002, 0x00004002,
-    0x00005002, 0x00006002, 0x00007002, 0x00008002, 0x00009002, 0x0000a002,
-    0x0000b002, 0x0000c002, 0x0000d002, 0x0000e002, 0x0000f002, 0x00000003,
-    0x00001003, 0x00002003, 0x00003003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-
-const uint32_t d2[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x00800f00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00c00f00,
-    0x00000d00, 0x00400d00, 0x00800d00, 0x00c00d00, 0x00000e00, 0x00400e00,
-    0x00800e00, 0x00c00e00, 0x00000f00, 0x00400f00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00400000, 0x00800000, 0x00c00000, 0x00000100, 0x00400100, 0x00800100,
-    0x00c00100, 0x00000200, 0x00400200, 0x00800200, 0x00c00200, 0x00000300,
-    0x00400300, 0x00800300, 0x00c00300, 0x00000400, 0x00400400, 0x00800400,
-    0x00c00400, 0x00000500, 0x00400500, 0x00800500, 0x00c00500, 0x00000600,
-    0x00400600, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x00800600, 0x00c00600, 0x00000700, 0x00400700, 0x00800700,
-    0x00c00700, 0x00000800, 0x00400800, 0x00800800, 0x00c00800, 0x00000900,
-    0x00400900, 0x00800900, 0x00c00900, 0x00000a00, 0x00400a00, 0x00800a00,
-    0x00c00a00, 0x00000b00, 0x00400b00, 0x00800b00, 0x00c00b00, 0x00000c00,
-    0x00400c00, 0x00800c00, 0x00c00c00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-
-const uint32_t d3[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x003e0000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x003f0000,
-    0x00340000, 0x00350000, 0x00360000, 0x00370000, 0x00380000, 0x00390000,
-    0x003a0000, 0x003b0000, 0x003c0000, 0x003d0000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00010000, 0x00020000, 0x00030000, 0x00040000, 0x00050000, 0x00060000,
-    0x00070000, 0x00080000, 0x00090000, 0x000a0000, 0x000b0000, 0x000c0000,
-    0x000d0000, 0x000e0000, 0x000f0000, 0x00100000, 0x00110000, 0x00120000,
-    0x00130000, 0x00140000, 0x00150000, 0x00160000, 0x00170000, 0x00180000,
-    0x00190000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x001a0000, 0x001b0000, 0x001c0000, 0x001d0000, 0x001e0000,
-    0x001f0000, 0x00200000, 0x00210000, 0x00220000, 0x00230000, 0x00240000,
-    0x00250000, 0x00260000, 0x00270000, 0x00280000, 0x00290000, 0x002a0000,
-    0x002b0000, 0x002c0000, 0x002d0000, 0x002e0000, 0x002f0000, 0x00300000,
-    0x00310000, 0x00320000, 0x00330000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-} // namespace base64_default
-
-namespace base64_url {
-
-const char e0[256] = {
-    'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C', 'C', 'D', 'D', 'D',
-    'D', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'E', 'F', 'F', 'F', 'F', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'G', 'H', 'H',
-    'H', 'H', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'I', 'J', 'J', 'J', 'J', 'K', 'K', 'K', 'K', 'L',
-    'L', 'L', 'L', 'M', 'M', 'M', 'M', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'O', 'O', 'O', 'O',
-    'P', 'P', 'P', 'P', 'Q', 'Q', 'Q', 'Q', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'R', 'S', 'S', 'S',
-    'S', 'T', 'T', 'T', 'T', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'U', 'V', 'V', 'V', 'V', 'W', 'W',
-    'W', 'W', 'X', 'X', 'X', 'X', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Z', 'Z', 'Z', 'Z', 'a',
-    'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd',
-    'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'f', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'g', 'h', 'h', 'h',
-    'h', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'j', 'j', 'j', 'j', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'k', 'l', 'l',
-    'l', 'l', 'm', 'm', 'm', 'm', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'p',
-    'p', 'p', 'p', 'q', 'q', 'q', 'q', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'r', 's', 's', 's', 's',
-    't', 't', 't', 't', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'v', 'v', 'v', 'v', 'w', 'w', 'w',
-    'w', 'x', 'x', 'x', 'x', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'y', 'z', 'z', 'z', 'z', '0', '0',
-    '0', '0', '1', '1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '3', '3', '3', '4',
-    '4', '4', '4', '5', '5', '5', '5', '6', '6', '6', '6', '7', '7', '7', '7',
-    '8', '8', '8', '8', '9', '9', '9', '9', '-', '-', '-', '-', '_', '_', '_',
-    '_'};
-
-const char e1[256] = {
-    'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O',
-    'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
-    'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
-    't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-    '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K',
-    'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
-    'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o',
-    'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
-    '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G',
-    'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
-    'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k',
-    'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
-    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C',
-    'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R',
-    'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g',
-    'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
-    'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-',
-    '_'};
-
-const char e2[256] = {
-    'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O',
-    'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
-    'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
-    't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
-    '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K',
-    'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
-    'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o',
-    'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
-    '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G',
-    'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
-    'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k',
-    'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',
-    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_', 'A', 'B', 'C',
-    'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R',
-    'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g',
-    'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
-    'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-',
-    '_'};
-
-const uint32_t d0[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x000000f8, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x000000d0, 0x000000d4, 0x000000d8, 0x000000dc, 0x000000e0, 0x000000e4,
-    0x000000e8, 0x000000ec, 0x000000f0, 0x000000f4, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00000004, 0x00000008, 0x0000000c, 0x00000010, 0x00000014, 0x00000018,
-    0x0000001c, 0x00000020, 0x00000024, 0x00000028, 0x0000002c, 0x00000030,
-    0x00000034, 0x00000038, 0x0000003c, 0x00000040, 0x00000044, 0x00000048,
-    0x0000004c, 0x00000050, 0x00000054, 0x00000058, 0x0000005c, 0x00000060,
-    0x00000064, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x000000fc,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x00000068, 0x0000006c, 0x00000070, 0x00000074, 0x00000078,
-    0x0000007c, 0x00000080, 0x00000084, 0x00000088, 0x0000008c, 0x00000090,
-    0x00000094, 0x00000098, 0x0000009c, 0x000000a0, 0x000000a4, 0x000000a8,
-    0x000000ac, 0x000000b0, 0x000000b4, 0x000000b8, 0x000000bc, 0x000000c0,
-    0x000000c4, 0x000000c8, 0x000000cc, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-const uint32_t d1[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x0000e003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x00004003, 0x00005003, 0x00006003, 0x00007003, 0x00008003, 0x00009003,
-    0x0000a003, 0x0000b003, 0x0000c003, 0x0000d003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00001000, 0x00002000, 0x00003000, 0x00004000, 0x00005000, 0x00006000,
-    0x00007000, 0x00008000, 0x00009000, 0x0000a000, 0x0000b000, 0x0000c000,
-    0x0000d000, 0x0000e000, 0x0000f000, 0x00000001, 0x00001001, 0x00002001,
-    0x00003001, 0x00004001, 0x00005001, 0x00006001, 0x00007001, 0x00008001,
-    0x00009001, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x0000f003,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x0000a001, 0x0000b001, 0x0000c001, 0x0000d001, 0x0000e001,
-    0x0000f001, 0x00000002, 0x00001002, 0x00002002, 0x00003002, 0x00004002,
-    0x00005002, 0x00006002, 0x00007002, 0x00008002, 0x00009002, 0x0000a002,
-    0x0000b002, 0x0000c002, 0x0000d002, 0x0000e002, 0x0000f002, 0x00000003,
-    0x00001003, 0x00002003, 0x00003003, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-const uint32_t d2[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00800f00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x00000d00, 0x00400d00, 0x00800d00, 0x00c00d00, 0x00000e00, 0x00400e00,
-    0x00800e00, 0x00c00e00, 0x00000f00, 0x00400f00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00400000, 0x00800000, 0x00c00000, 0x00000100, 0x00400100, 0x00800100,
-    0x00c00100, 0x00000200, 0x00400200, 0x00800200, 0x00c00200, 0x00000300,
-    0x00400300, 0x00800300, 0x00c00300, 0x00000400, 0x00400400, 0x00800400,
-    0x00c00400, 0x00000500, 0x00400500, 0x00800500, 0x00c00500, 0x00000600,
-    0x00400600, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00c00f00,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x00800600, 0x00c00600, 0x00000700, 0x00400700, 0x00800700,
-    0x00c00700, 0x00000800, 0x00400800, 0x00800800, 0x00c00800, 0x00000900,
-    0x00400900, 0x00800900, 0x00c00900, 0x00000a00, 0x00400a00, 0x00800a00,
-    0x00c00a00, 0x00000b00, 0x00400b00, 0x00800b00, 0x00c00b00, 0x00000c00,
-    0x00400c00, 0x00800c00, 0x00c00c00, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-const uint32_t d3[256] = {
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x003e0000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x00340000, 0x00350000, 0x00360000, 0x00370000, 0x00380000, 0x00390000,
-    0x003a0000, 0x003b0000, 0x003c0000, 0x003d0000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x00000000,
-    0x00010000, 0x00020000, 0x00030000, 0x00040000, 0x00050000, 0x00060000,
-    0x00070000, 0x00080000, 0x00090000, 0x000a0000, 0x000b0000, 0x000c0000,
-    0x000d0000, 0x000e0000, 0x000f0000, 0x00100000, 0x00110000, 0x00120000,
-    0x00130000, 0x00140000, 0x00150000, 0x00160000, 0x00170000, 0x00180000,
-    0x00190000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x003f0000,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x001a0000, 0x001b0000, 0x001c0000, 0x001d0000, 0x001e0000,
-    0x001f0000, 0x00200000, 0x00210000, 0x00220000, 0x00230000, 0x00240000,
-    0x00250000, 0x00260000, 0x00270000, 0x00280000, 0x00290000, 0x002a0000,
-    0x002b0000, 0x002c0000, 0x002d0000, 0x002e0000, 0x002f0000, 0x00300000,
-    0x00310000, 0x00320000, 0x00330000, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff,
-    0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff, 0x01ffffff};
-} // namespace base64_url
-const uint64_t thintable_epi8[256] = {
-    0x0706050403020100, 0x0007060504030201, 0x0007060504030200,
-    0x0000070605040302, 0x0007060504030100, 0x0000070605040301,
-    0x0000070605040300, 0x0000000706050403, 0x0007060504020100,
-    0x0000070605040201, 0x0000070605040200, 0x0000000706050402,
-    0x0000070605040100, 0x0000000706050401, 0x0000000706050400,
-    0x0000000007060504, 0x0007060503020100, 0x0000070605030201,
-    0x0000070605030200, 0x0000000706050302, 0x0000070605030100,
-    0x0000000706050301, 0x0000000706050300, 0x0000000007060503,
-    0x0000070605020100, 0x0000000706050201, 0x0000000706050200,
-    0x0000000007060502, 0x0000000706050100, 0x0000000007060501,
-    0x0000000007060500, 0x0000000000070605, 0x0007060403020100,
-    0x0000070604030201, 0x0000070604030200, 0x0000000706040302,
-    0x0000070604030100, 0x0000000706040301, 0x0000000706040300,
-    0x0000000007060403, 0x0000070604020100, 0x0000000706040201,
-    0x0000000706040200, 0x0000000007060402, 0x0000000706040100,
-    0x0000000007060401, 0x0000000007060400, 0x0000000000070604,
-    0x0000070603020100, 0x0000000706030201, 0x0000000706030200,
-    0x0000000007060302, 0x0000000706030100, 0x0000000007060301,
-    0x0000000007060300, 0x0000000000070603, 0x0000000706020100,
-    0x0000000007060201, 0x0000000007060200, 0x0000000000070602,
-    0x0000000007060100, 0x0000000000070601, 0x0000000000070600,
-    0x0000000000000706, 0x0007050403020100, 0x0000070504030201,
-    0x0000070504030200, 0x0000000705040302, 0x0000070504030100,
-    0x0000000705040301, 0x0000000705040300, 0x0000000007050403,
-    0x0000070504020100, 0x0000000705040201, 0x0000000705040200,
-    0x0000000007050402, 0x0000000705040100, 0x0000000007050401,
-    0x0000000007050400, 0x0000000000070504, 0x0000070503020100,
-    0x0000000705030201, 0x0000000705030200, 0x0000000007050302,
-    0x0000000705030100, 0x0000000007050301, 0x0000000007050300,
-    0x0000000000070503, 0x0000000705020100, 0x0000000007050201,
-    0x0000000007050200, 0x0000000000070502, 0x0000000007050100,
-    0x0000000000070501, 0x0000000000070500, 0x0000000000000705,
-    0x0000070403020100, 0x0000000704030201, 0x0000000704030200,
-    0x0000000007040302, 0x0000000704030100, 0x0000000007040301,
-    0x0000000007040300, 0x0000000000070403, 0x0000000704020100,
-    0x0000000007040201, 0x0000000007040200, 0x0000000000070402,
-    0x0000000007040100, 0x0000000000070401, 0x0000000000070400,
-    0x0000000000000704, 0x0000000703020100, 0x0000000007030201,
-    0x0000000007030200, 0x0000000000070302, 0x0000000007030100,
-    0x0000000000070301, 0x0000000000070300, 0x0000000000000703,
-    0x0000000007020100, 0x0000000000070201, 0x0000000000070200,
-    0x0000000000000702, 0x0000000000070100, 0x0000000000000701,
-    0x0000000000000700, 0x0000000000000007, 0x0006050403020100,
-    0x0000060504030201, 0x0000060504030200, 0x0000000605040302,
-    0x0000060504030100, 0x0000000605040301, 0x0000000605040300,
-    0x0000000006050403, 0x0000060504020100, 0x0000000605040201,
-    0x0000000605040200, 0x0000000006050402, 0x0000000605040100,
-    0x0000000006050401, 0x0000000006050400, 0x0000000000060504,
-    0x0000060503020100, 0x0000000605030201, 0x0000000605030200,
-    0x0000000006050302, 0x0000000605030100, 0x0000000006050301,
-    0x0000000006050300, 0x0000000000060503, 0x0000000605020100,
-    0x0000000006050201, 0x0000000006050200, 0x0000000000060502,
-    0x0000000006050100, 0x0000000000060501, 0x0000000000060500,
-    0x0000000000000605, 0x0000060403020100, 0x0000000604030201,
-    0x0000000604030200, 0x0000000006040302, 0x0000000604030100,
-    0x0000000006040301, 0x0000000006040300, 0x0000000000060403,
-    0x0000000604020100, 0x0000000006040201, 0x0000000006040200,
-    0x0000000000060402, 0x0000000006040100, 0x0000000000060401,
-    0x0000000000060400, 0x0000000000000604, 0x0000000603020100,
-    0x0000000006030201, 0x0000000006030200, 0x0000000000060302,
-    0x0000000006030100, 0x0000000000060301, 0x0000000000060300,
-    0x0000000000000603, 0x0000000006020100, 0x0000000000060201,
-    0x0000000000060200, 0x0000000000000602, 0x0000000000060100,
-    0x0000000000000601, 0x0000000000000600, 0x0000000000000006,
-    0x0000050403020100, 0x0000000504030201, 0x0000000504030200,
-    0x0000000005040302, 0x0000000504030100, 0x0000000005040301,
-    0x0000000005040300, 0x0000000000050403, 0x0000000504020100,
-    0x0000000005040201, 0x0000000005040200, 0x0000000000050402,
-    0x0000000005040100, 0x0000000000050401, 0x0000000000050400,
-    0x0000000000000504, 0x0000000503020100, 0x0000000005030201,
-    0x0000000005030200, 0x0000000000050302, 0x0000000005030100,
-    0x0000000000050301, 0x0000000000050300, 0x0000000000000503,
-    0x0000000005020100, 0x0000000000050201, 0x0000000000050200,
-    0x0000000000000502, 0x0000000000050100, 0x0000000000000501,
-    0x0000000000000500, 0x0000000000000005, 0x0000000403020100,
-    0x0000000004030201, 0x0000000004030200, 0x0000000000040302,
-    0x0000000004030100, 0x0000000000040301, 0x0000000000040300,
-    0x0000000000000403, 0x0000000004020100, 0x0000000000040201,
-    0x0000000000040200, 0x0000000000000402, 0x0000000000040100,
-    0x0000000000000401, 0x0000000000000400, 0x0000000000000004,
-    0x0000000003020100, 0x0000000000030201, 0x0000000000030200,
-    0x0000000000000302, 0x0000000000030100, 0x0000000000000301,
-    0x0000000000000300, 0x0000000000000003, 0x0000000000020100,
-    0x0000000000000201, 0x0000000000000200, 0x0000000000000002,
-    0x0000000000000100, 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000,
-    0x0000000000000000,
-};
-
-const uint8_t pshufb_combine_table[272] = {
-    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
-    0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x08,
-    0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
-    0x04, 0x05, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff,
-    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e,
-    0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
-    0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x08,
-    0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-    0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff,
-    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e,
-    0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
-    0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-};
-
-const unsigned char BitsSetTable256mul2[256] = {
-    0,  2,  2,  4,  2,  4,  4,  6,  2,  4,  4,  6,  4,  6,  6,  8,  2,  4,  4,
-    6,  4,  6,  6,  8,  4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 2,  4,  4,  6,  4,  6,
-    6,  8,  4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 6,
-    8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 2,  4,  4,  6,  4,  6,  6,  8,  4,  6,  6,  8,
-    6,  8,  8,  10, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 6,  8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10,
-    12, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 6,  8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 6,  8,
-    8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 8,  10, 10, 12, 10, 12, 12, 14, 2,  4,  4,  6,  4,
-    6,  6,  8,  4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10,
-    6,  8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 6,  8,  8,
-    10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 6,  8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 8,  10, 10, 12, 10, 12,
-    12, 14, 4,  6,  6,  8,  6,  8,  8,  10, 6,  8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 6,
-    8,  8,  10, 8,  10, 10, 12, 8,  10, 10, 12, 10, 12, 12, 14, 6,  8,  8,  10,
-    8,  10, 10, 12, 8,  10, 10, 12, 10, 12, 12, 14, 8,  10, 10, 12, 10, 12, 12,
-    14, 10, 12, 12, 14, 12, 14, 14, 16};
-
-constexpr uint8_t to_base64_value[] = {
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 64,  64,  255, 64, 64,  255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 64,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 62,  255,
-    255, 255, 63,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,
-    10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,
-    25,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,
-    34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,
-    49,  50,  51,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255};
-
-constexpr uint8_t to_base64_url_value[] = {
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 64,  64,  255, 64, 64,  255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 64,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    62,  255, 255, 52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,
-    10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,
-    25,  255, 255, 255, 255, 63,  255, 26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,
-    34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,
-    49,  50,  51,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255};
-static_assert(sizeof(to_base64_value) == 256, "to_base64_value must have 256 elements");
-static_assert(sizeof(to_base64_url_value) == 256, "to_base64_url_value must have 256 elements");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t(' ')] == 64, "space must be == 64 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t(' ')] == 64, "space must be == 64 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('\t')] == 64, "tab must be == 64 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('\t')] == 64, "tab must be == 64 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('\r')] == 64, "cr must be == 64 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('\r')] == 64, "cr must be == 64 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('\n')] == 64, "lf must be == 64 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('\n')] == 64, "lf must be == 64 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('\f')] == 64, "ff must be == 64 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('\f')] == 64, "ff must be == 64 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('+')] == 62, "+ must be == 62 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('-')] == 62, "- must be == 62 in to_base64_url_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_value[uint8_t('/')] == 63, "/ must be == 62 in to_base64_value");
-static_assert(to_base64_url_value[uint8_t('_')] == 63, "_ must be == 62 in to_base64_url_value");
-} // namespace base64
-} // namespace tables
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_BASE64_TABLES_H
-/* end file src/tables/base64_tables.h */
-/* begin file src/implementation.cpp */
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <climits>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-// Useful for debugging purposes
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace {
-
-template <typename T>
-std::string toBinaryString(T b) {
-   std::string binary = "";
-   T mask = T(1) << (sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT - 1);
-   while (mask > 0) {
-    binary += ((b & mask) == 0) ? '0' : '1';
-    mask >>= 1;
-  }
-  return binary;
-}
-}
-}
-
-// Implementations
-// The best choice should always come first!
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ARM64_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#error "arm64.h must be included before fallback.h"
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64 (SIMDUTF_IS_ARM64)
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64 && SIMDUTF_IS_ARM64
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ARM64 1
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ARM64 0
-#endif
-
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-
-namespace simdutf {
-/**
- * Implementation for NEON (ARMv8).
- */
-namespace arm64 {
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ARM64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-}
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation() : simdutf::implementation("arm64", "ARM NEON", internal::instruction_set::NEON) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ARM64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/implementation.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "arm64"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION arm64
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/begin.h */
-
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ARM64_INTRINSICS_H
-
-
-// This should be the correct header whether
-// you use visual studio or other compilers.
-#include <arm_neon.h>
-
-#endif //  SIMDUTF_ARM64_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/intrinsics.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ARM64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-
-/* result might be undefined when input_num is zero */
-simdutf_really_inline int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-   return vaddv_u8(vcnt_u8(vcreate_u8(input_num)));
-}
-
-#if SIMDUTF_NEED_TRAILING_ZEROES
-simdutf_really_inline int trailing_zeroes(uint64_t input_num) {
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  unsigned long ret;
-  // Search the mask data from least significant bit (LSB)
-  // to the most significant bit (MSB) for a set bit (1).
-  _BitScanForward64(&ret, input_num);
-  return (int)ret;
-#else // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return __builtin_ctzll(input_num);
-#endif // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-}
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ARM64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/bitmanipulation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/simd.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_SIMD_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ARM64_SIMD_H
-
-#include <type_traits>
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace simd {
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-namespace {
-// Start of private section with Visual Studio workaround
-
-#ifndef simdutf_make_uint8x16_t
-#define simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x11, x12, \
-                             x13, x14, x15, x16)                                   \
-   ([=]() {                                                                        \
-     uint8_t array[16] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8,                    \
-                                 x9, x10, x11, x12, x13, x14, x15, x16};           \
-     return vld1q_u8(array);                                                       \
-   }())
-#endif
-#ifndef simdutf_make_int8x16_t
-#define simdutf_make_int8x16_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, x10, x11, x12, \
-                             x13, x14, x15, x16)                                  \
-   ([=]() {                                                                       \
-     int8_t array[16] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8,                    \
-                                 x9, x10, x11, x12, x13, x14, x15, x16};          \
-     return vld1q_s8(array);                                                      \
-   }())
-#endif
-
-#ifndef simdutf_make_uint8x8_t
-#define simdutf_make_uint8x8_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8)                \
-   ([=]() {                                                                   \
-     uint8_t array[8] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8};               \
-     return vld1_u8(array);                                                   \
-   }())
-#endif
-#ifndef simdutf_make_int8x8_t
-#define simdutf_make_int8x8_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8)                 \
-   ([=]() {                                                                   \
-     int8_t array[8] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8};                \
-     return vld1_s8(array);                                                   \
-   }())
-#endif
-#ifndef simdutf_make_uint16x8_t
-#define simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8)                \
-   ([=]() {                                                                    \
-     uint16_t array[8] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8};               \
-     return vld1q_u16(array);                                                  \
-   }())
-#endif
-#ifndef simdutf_make_int16x8_t
-#define simdutf_make_int16x8_t(x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8)                 \
-   ([=]() {                                                                    \
-     int16_t array[8] = {x1, x2,  x3,  x4,  x5,  x6,  x7,  x8};                \
-     return vld1q_s16(array);                                                  \
-   }())
-#endif
-
-
-// End of private section with Visual Studio workaround
-} // namespace
-#endif // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8;
-
-  //
-  // Base class of simd8<uint8_t> and simd8<bool>, both of which use uint8x16_t internally.
-  //
-  template<typename T, typename Mask=simd8<bool>>
-  struct base_u8 {
-    uint8x16_t value;
-    static const int SIZE = sizeof(value);
-
-    // Conversion from/to SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline base_u8(const uint8x16_t _value) : value(_value) {}
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const uint8x16_t&() const { return this->value; }
-    simdutf_really_inline operator uint8x16_t&() { return this->value; }
-    simdutf_really_inline T first() const { return vgetq_lane_u8(*this,0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline T last() const { return vgetq_lane_u8(*this,15); }
-
-    // Bit operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator|(const simd8<T> other) const { return vorrq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator&(const simd8<T> other) const { return vandq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator^(const simd8<T> other) const { return veorq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> bit_andnot(const simd8<T> other) const { return vbicq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator|=(const simd8<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast | other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator&=(const simd8<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast & other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator^=(const simd8<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast ^ other; return *this_cast; }
-
-    friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd8<T> lhs, const simd8<T> rhs) { return vceqq_u8(lhs, rhs); }
-
-    template<int N=1>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> prev(const simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
-      return vextq_u8(prev_chunk, *this, 16 - N);
-    }
-  };
-
-  // SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<bool>: base_u8<bool> {
-    typedef uint16_t bitmask_t;
-    typedef uint32_t bitmask2_t;
-
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> splat(bool _value) { return vmovq_n_u8(uint8_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8x16_t _value) : base_u8<bool>(_value) {}
-    // False constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : simd8(vdupq_n_u8(0)) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(bool _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(uint8_t dst[16]) const { return vst1q_u8(dst, *this); }
-
-    // We return uint32_t instead of uint16_t because that seems to be more efficient for most
-    // purposes (cutting it down to uint16_t costs performance in some compilers).
-    simdutf_really_inline uint32_t to_bitmask() const {
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask =  simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-                                                   0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80);
-#else
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask =  {0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-                                    0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};
-#endif
-      auto minput = *this & bit_mask;
-      uint8x16_t tmp = vpaddq_u8(minput, minput);
-      tmp = vpaddq_u8(tmp, tmp);
-      tmp = vpaddq_u8(tmp, tmp);
-      return vgetq_lane_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u8(tmp), 0);
-    }
-
-    // Returns 4-bit out of each byte, alternating between the high 4 bits and low bits
-    // result it is 64 bit.
-    // This method is expected to be faster than none() and is equivalent
-    // when the vector register is the result of a comparison, with byte
-    // values 0xff and 0x00.
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask64() const {
-      return vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u8(vshrn_n_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u8(*this), 4)), 0);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any() const { return vmaxvq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u8(*this)) != 0; }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool none() const { return vmaxvq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u8(*this)) == 0; }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool all() const { return vminvq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u8(*this)) == 0xFFFFF; }
-
-
-  };
-
-  // Unsigned bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<uint8_t>: base_u8<uint8_t> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> splat(uint8_t _value) { return vmovq_n_u8(_value); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> zero() { return vdupq_n_u8(0); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> load(const uint8_t* values) { return vld1q_u8(values); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8x16_t _value) : base_u8<uint8_t>(_value) {}
-    // Zero constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : simd8(zero()) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8_t values[16]) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(uint8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    )) {}
-#else
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(uint8x16_t{
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    }) {}
-#endif
-
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<uint8_t> repeat_16(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<uint8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-    // Store to array
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(uint8_t dst[16]) const { return vst1q_u8(dst, *this); }
-
-    // Saturated math
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_add(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vqaddq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_sub(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vqsubq_u8(*this, other); }
-
-    // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> operator+(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vaddq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> operator-(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vsubq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>& operator+=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) { *this = *this + other; return *this; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>& operator-=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) { *this = *this - other; return *this; }
-
-    // Order-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline uint8_t max_val() const { return vmaxvq_u8(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint8_t min_val() const { return vminvq_u8(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> max_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vmaxq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> min_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vminq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vcleq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vcgeq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vcltq_u8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return vcgtq_u8(*this, other); }
-    // Same as >, but instead of guaranteeing all 1's == true, false = 0 and true = nonzero. For ARM, returns all 1's.
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> gt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return simd8<uint8_t>(*this > other); }
-    // Same as <, but instead of guaranteeing all 1's == true, false = 0 and true = nonzero. For ARM, returns all 1's.
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> lt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return simd8<uint8_t>(*this < other); }
-
-    // Bit-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return vtstq_u8(*this, bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return this->max_val() < 0b10000000u; }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return this->max_val() != 0; }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return (*this & bits).any_bits_set_anywhere(); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shr() const { return vshrq_n_u8(*this, N); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shl() const { return vshlq_n_u8(*this, N); }
-
-    // Perform a lookup assuming the value is between 0 and 16 (undefined behavior for out of range values)
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(simd8<L> lookup_table) const {
-      return lookup_table.apply_lookup_16_to(*this);
-    }
-
-
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(
-        L replace0,  L replace1,  L replace2,  L replace3,
-        L replace4,  L replace5,  L replace6,  L replace7,
-        L replace8,  L replace9,  L replace10, L replace11,
-        L replace12, L replace13, L replace14, L replace15) const {
-      return lookup_16(simd8<L>::repeat_16(
-        replace0,  replace1,  replace2,  replace3,
-        replace4,  replace5,  replace6,  replace7,
-        replace8,  replace9,  replace10, replace11,
-        replace12, replace13, replace14, replace15
-      ));
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> apply_lookup_16_to(const simd8<T> original) const {
-      return vqtbl1q_u8(*this, simd8<uint8_t>(original));
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Signed bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<int8_t> {
-    int8x16_t value;
-
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> splat(int8_t _value) { return vmovq_n_s8(_value); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> zero() { return vdupq_n_s8(0); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> load(const int8_t values[16]) { return vld1q_s8(values); }
-
-    // Use ST2 instead of UXTL+UXTL2 to interleave zeroes. UXTL is actually a USHLL #0,
-    // and shifting in NEON is actually quite slow.
-    //
-    // While this needs the registers to be in a specific order, bigger cores can interleave
-    // these with no overhead, and it still performs decently on little cores.
-    //    movi  v1.3d, #0
-    //      mov   v0.16b, value[0]
-    //    st2   {v0.16b, v1.16b}, [ptr], #32
-    //      mov   v0.16b, value[1]
-    //    st2   {v0.16b, v1.16b}, [ptr], #32
-    //    ...
-    template <endianness big_endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * p) const {
-      int8x16x2_t pair = match_system(big_endian)
-          ? int8x16x2_t{{this->value, vmovq_n_s8(0)}}
-          : int8x16x2_t{{vmovq_n_s8(0), this->value}};
-      vst2q_s8(reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(p), pair);
-    }
-
-    // currently unused
-    // Technically this could be done with ST4 like in store_ascii_as_utf16, but it is
-    // very much not worth it, as explicitly mentioned in the ARM Cortex-X1 Core Software
-    // Optimization Guide:
-    //   4.18 Complex ASIMD instructions
-    //     The bandwidth of [ST4 with element size less than 64b] is limited by decode
-    //     constraints and it is advisable to avoid them when high performing code is desired.
-    // Instead, it is better to use ZIP1+ZIP2 and two ST2.
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * p) const {
-      const uint16x8_t low = vreinterpretq_u16_s8(vzip1q_s8(this->value, vmovq_n_s8(0)));
-      const uint16x8_t high = vreinterpretq_u16_s8(vzip2q_s8(this->value, vmovq_n_s8(0)));
-      const uint16x8x2_t low_pair{{ low, vmovq_n_u16(0) }};
-      vst2q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(p), low_pair);
-      const uint16x8x2_t high_pair{{ high, vmovq_n_u16(0) }};
-      vst2q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(p + 8), high_pair);
-    }
-
-    // In places where the table can be reused, which is most uses in simdutf, it is worth it to do
-    // 4 table lookups, as there is no direct zero extension from u8 to u32.
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(char32_t * p) const {
-      const simd8<uint8_t> tb1{  0,255,255,255,  1,255,255,255,  2,255,255,255,  3,255,255,255 };
-      const simd8<uint8_t> tb2{  4,255,255,255,  5,255,255,255,  6,255,255,255,  7,255,255,255 };
-      const simd8<uint8_t> tb3{  8,255,255,255,  9,255,255,255, 10,255,255,255, 11,255,255,255 };
-      const simd8<uint8_t> tb4{ 12,255,255,255, 13,255,255,255, 14,255,255,255, 15,255,255,255 };
-
-      // encourage store pairing and interleaving
-      const auto shuf1 = this->apply_lookup_16_to(tb1);
-      const auto shuf2 = this->apply_lookup_16_to(tb2);
-      shuf1.store(reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(p));
-      shuf2.store(reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(p + 4));
-
-      const auto shuf3 = this->apply_lookup_16_to(tb3);
-      const auto shuf4 = this->apply_lookup_16_to(tb4);
-      shuf3.store(reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(p + 8));
-      shuf4.store(reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(p + 12));
-    }
-    // Conversion from/to SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const int8x16_t _value) : value{_value} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const int8x16_t&() const { return this->value; }
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const uint8x16_t() const { return vreinterpretq_u8_s8(this->value); }
-#endif
-    simdutf_really_inline operator int8x16_t&() { return this->value; }
-
-    // Zero constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : simd8(zero()) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(int8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const int8_t* values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3, int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(simdutf_make_int8x16_t(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    )) {}
-#else
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3, int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(int8x16_t{
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    }) {}
-#endif
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<int8_t> repeat_16(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3,  int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<int8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-    // Store to array
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(int8_t dst[16]) const { return vst1q_s8(dst, value); }
-    // Explicit conversion to/from unsigned
-    //
-    // Under Visual Studio/ARM64 uint8x16_t and int8x16_t are apparently the same type.
-    // In theory, we could check this occurrence with std::same_as and std::enabled_if but it is C++14
-    // and relatively ugly and hard to read.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-    simdutf_really_inline explicit simd8(const uint8x16_t other): simd8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(other)) {}
-#endif
-    simdutf_really_inline operator simd8<uint8_t>() const { return vreinterpretq_u8_s8(this->value); }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> operator|(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vorrq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> operator&(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vandq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> operator^(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return veorq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> bit_andnot(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vbicq_s8(value, other.value); }
-
-    // Math
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> operator+(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vaddq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> operator-(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vsubq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>& operator+=(const simd8<int8_t> other) { *this = *this + other; return *this; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>& operator-=(const simd8<int8_t> other) { *this = *this - other; return *this; }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline int8_t max_val() const { return vmaxvq_s8(value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline int8_t min_val() const { return vminvq_s8(value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return this->min_val() >= 0; }
-
-    // Order-sensitive comparisons
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> max_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vmaxq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> min_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vminq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vcgtq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vcltq_s8(value, other.value); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator==(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return vceqq_s8(value, other.value); }
-
-    template<int N=1>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> prev(const simd8<int8_t> prev_chunk) const {
-      return vextq_s8(prev_chunk, *this, 16 - N);
-    }
-
-    // Perform a lookup assuming no value is larger than 16
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(simd8<L> lookup_table) const {
-      return lookup_table.apply_lookup_16_to(*this);
-    }
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(
-        L replace0,  L replace1,  L replace2,  L replace3,
-        L replace4,  L replace5,  L replace6,  L replace7,
-        L replace8,  L replace9,  L replace10, L replace11,
-        L replace12, L replace13, L replace14, L replace15) const {
-      return lookup_16(simd8<L>::repeat_16(
-        replace0,  replace1,  replace2,  replace3,
-        replace4,  replace5,  replace6,  replace7,
-        replace8,  replace9,  replace10, replace11,
-        replace12, replace13, replace14, replace15
-      ));
-    }
-
-    template<typename T>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> apply_lookup_16_to(const simd8<T> original) const {
-      return vqtbl1q_s8(*this, simd8<uint8_t>(original));
-    }
-  };
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8x64 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd8<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 4, "ARM kernel should use four registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd8<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd8x64(const simd8x64<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd8x64<T>& operator=(const simd8<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd8x64() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const simd8<T> chunk0, const simd8<T> chunk1, const simd8<T> chunk2, const simd8<T> chunk3) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1, chunk2, chunk3} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd8<T>::load(ptr), simd8<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+2*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+3*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[2].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[3].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64<T>& operator |=(const simd8x64<T> &other) {
-      this->chunks[0] |= other.chunks[0];
-      this->chunks[1] |= other.chunks[1];
-      this->chunks[2] |= other.chunks[2];
-      this->chunks[3] |= other.chunks[3];
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return (this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1]) | (this->chunks[2] | this->chunks[3]);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask = simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
-      );
-#else
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask = {
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
-      };
-#endif
-      // Add each of the elements next to each other, successively, to stuff each 8 byte mask into one.
-      uint8x16_t sum0 = vpaddq_u8(vandq_u8(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[0]), bit_mask), vandq_u8(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[1]), bit_mask));
-      uint8x16_t sum1 = vpaddq_u8(vandq_u8(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[2]), bit_mask), vandq_u8(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[3]), bit_mask));
-      sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum1);
-      sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum0);
-      return vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(sum0), 0);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-    const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-    return  simd8x64<bool>(
-      this->chunks[0] == mask,
-      this->chunks[1] == mask,
-      this->chunks[2] == mask,
-      this->chunks[3] == mask
-    ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-    const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-    return  simd8x64<bool>(
-      this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[1] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[2] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[3] <= mask
-    ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[2] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[3] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] < mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask,
-        this->chunks[2] < mask,
-        this->chunks[3] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] > mask,
-        this->chunks[1] > mask,
-        this->chunks[2] > mask,
-        this->chunks[3] > mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[2] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[3] >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq_unsigned(const uint8_t m) const {
-      const simd8<uint8_t> mask = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        simd8<uint8_t>(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[0])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[1])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[2])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(uint8x16_t(this->chunks[3])) >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-  }; // struct simd8x64<T>
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/simd16-inl.h */
-template<typename T>
-struct simd16;
-
-  template<typename T, typename Mask=simd16<bool>>
-  struct base_u16 {
-    uint16x8_t value;
-    static const int SIZE = sizeof(value);
-
-    // Conversion from/to SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline base_u16() = default;
-    simdutf_really_inline base_u16(const uint16x8_t _value) : value(_value) {}
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const uint16x8_t&() const { return this->value; }
-    simdutf_really_inline operator uint16x8_t&() { return this->value; }
-    // Bit operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator|(const simd16<T> other) const { return vorrq_u16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator&(const simd16<T> other) const { return vandq_u16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator^(const simd16<T> other) const { return veorq_u16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> bit_andnot(const simd16<T> other) const { return vbicq_u16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator|=(const simd16<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast | other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator&=(const simd16<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast & other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator^=(const simd16<T> other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast ^ other; return *this_cast; }
-
-    friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd16<T> lhs, const simd16<T> rhs) { return vceqq_u16(lhs, rhs); }
-
-    template<int N=1>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> prev(const simd16<T> prev_chunk) const {
-      return vextq_u18(prev_chunk, *this, 8 - N);
-    }
-  };
-
-template<typename T, typename Mask=simd16<bool>>
-struct base16: base_u16<T> {
-  typedef uint16_t bitmask_t;
-  typedef uint32_t bitmask2_t;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16() : base_u16<T>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const uint16x8_t _value) : base_u16<T>(_value) {}
-  template <typename Pointer>
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const Pointer* ptr) : base16(vld1q_u16(ptr)) {}
-
-  static const int SIZE = sizeof(base_u16<T>::value);
-
-  template<int N=1>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> prev(const simd16<T> prev_chunk) const {
-    return vextq_u18(prev_chunk, *this, 8 - N);
-  }
-};
-
-// SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-template<>
-struct simd16<bool>: base16<bool> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> splat(bool _value) { return vmovq_n_u16(uint16_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>() : base16() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(const uint16x8_t _value) : base16<bool>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(bool _value) : base16<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct base16_numeric: base16<T> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> splat(T _value) { return vmovq_n_u16(_value); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> zero() { return vdupq_n_u16(0); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> load(const T values[8]) {
-    return vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(values));
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric() : base16<T>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric(const uint16x8_t _value) : base16<T>(_value) {}
-
-  // Store to array
-  simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[8]) const { return vst1q_u16(dst, *this); }
-
-  // Override to distinguish from bool version
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-
-  // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator+(const simd16<T> other) const { return vaddq_u8(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator-(const simd16<T> other) const { return vsubq_u8(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator+=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this + other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator-=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this - other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-};
-
-// Signed code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<int16_t> : base16_numeric<int16_t> {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<int16_t>() {}
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const uint16x8_t _value) : base16_numeric<int16_t>(_value) {}
-#endif
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const int16x8_t _value) : base16_numeric<int16_t>(vreinterpretq_u16_s16(_value)) {}
-
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(int16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const int16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const int16_t*>(values))) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline operator simd16<uint16_t>() const;
-  simdutf_really_inline operator const uint16x8_t&() const { return this->value; }
-  simdutf_really_inline operator const int16x8_t() const { return vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline int16_t max_val() const { return vmaxvq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value)); }
-  simdutf_really_inline int16_t min_val() const { return vminvq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value)); }
-  // Order-sensitive comparisons
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> max_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return vmaxq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value), vreinterpretq_s16_u16(other.value)); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> min_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return vmaxq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value), vreinterpretq_s16_u16(other.value)); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return vcgtq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value), vreinterpretq_s16_u16(other.value)); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return vcltq_s16(vreinterpretq_s16_u16(this->value), vreinterpretq_s16_u16(other.value)); }
-};
-
-
-
-
-// Unsigned code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<uint16_t>: base16_numeric<uint16_t>  {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<uint16_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const uint16x8_t _value) : base16_numeric<uint16_t>(_value) {}
-
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(uint16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const uint16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(values))) {}
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline int16_t max_val() const { return vmaxvq_u16(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline int16_t min_val() const { return vminvq_u16(*this); }
-  // Saturated math
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_add(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vqaddq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_sub(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vqsubq_u16(*this, other); }
-
-  // Order-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> max_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vmaxq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> min_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vminq_u16(*this, other); }
-  // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> gt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-  // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> lt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vcleq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vcgeq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return  vcgtq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vcltq_u16(*this, other); }
-
-  // Bit-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint16_t(0); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shr() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(vshrq_n_u16(*this, N)); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shl() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(vshlq_n_u16(*this, N)); }
-
-  // logical operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> operator|(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vorrq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> operator&(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return vandq_u16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> operator^(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return veorq_u16(*this, other); }
-
-  // Pack with the unsigned saturation of two uint16_t code units into single uint8_t vector
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> pack(const simd16<uint16_t>& v0, const simd16<uint16_t>& v1) {
-    return vqmovn_high_u16(vqmovn_u16(v0), v1);
-  }
-
-  // Change the endianness
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> swap_bytes() const {
-    return vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(*this)));
-  }
-};
-simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t>::operator simd16<uint16_t>() const { return this->value; }
-
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd16x32 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd16<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 4, "ARM kernel should use four registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd16<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd16x32(const simd16x32<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd16x32<T>& operator=(const simd16<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd16x32() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const simd16<T> chunk0, const simd16<T> chunk1, const simd16<T> chunk2, const simd16<T> chunk3) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1, chunk2, chunk3} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd16<T>::load(ptr), simd16<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd16<T>::load(ptr+2*sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd16<T>::load(ptr+3*sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[2].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*2/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[3].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*3/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return (this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1]) | (this->chunks[2] | this->chunks[3]);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask = simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
-      );
-#else
-      const uint8x16_t bit_mask = {
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-        0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
-      };
-#endif
-      // Add each of the elements next to each other, successively, to stuff each 8 byte mask into one.
-      uint8x16_t sum0 = vpaddq_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(this->chunks[0] & vreinterpretq_u16_u8(bit_mask)), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(this->chunks[1] & vreinterpretq_u16_u8(bit_mask)));
-      uint8x16_t sum1 = vpaddq_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(this->chunks[2] & vreinterpretq_u16_u8(bit_mask)), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(this->chunks[3] & vreinterpretq_u16_u8(bit_mask)));
-      sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum1);
-      sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum0);
-      return vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(sum0), 0);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void swap_bytes() {
-      this->chunks[0] = this->chunks[0].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[1] = this->chunks[1].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[2] = this->chunks[2].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[3] = this->chunks[3].swap_bytes();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-    const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-    return  simd16x32<bool>(
-      this->chunks[0] == mask,
-      this->chunks[1] == mask,
-      this->chunks[2] == mask,
-      this->chunks[3] == mask
-    ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-    const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-    return  simd16x32<bool>(
-      this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[1] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[2] <= mask,
-      this->chunks[3] <= mask
-    ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[2] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[3] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(high);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] < mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask,
-        this->chunks[2] < mask,
-        this->chunks[3] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct simd16x32<T>
-  template<>
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t simd16x32<uint16_t>::not_in_range(const uint16_t low, const uint16_t high) const {
-      const simd16<uint16_t> mask_low = simd16<uint16_t>::splat(low);
-      const simd16<uint16_t> mask_high = simd16<uint16_t>::splat(high);
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> x(
-        simd16<uint16_t>((this->chunks[0] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] < mask_low)),
-        simd16<uint16_t>((this->chunks[1] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] < mask_low)),
-        simd16<uint16_t>((this->chunks[2] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] < mask_low)),
-        simd16<uint16_t>((this->chunks[3] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] < mask_low))
-      );
-      return  x.to_bitmask();
-    }
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/simd16-inl.h */
-} // namespace simd
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ARM64_SIMD_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/simd.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ARM64_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_H
-
-
-
-#ifdef __has_include
-// How do we detect that a compiler supports vbmi2?
-// For sure if the following header is found, we are ok?
-#if __has_include(<avx512vbmi2intrin.h>)
-#define SIMDUTF_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VBMI2 1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#if _MSC_VER >= 1930
-// Visual Studio 2022 and up support VBMI2 under x64 even if the header
-// avx512vbmi2intrin.h is not found.
-// Visual Studio 2019 technically supports VBMI2, but the implementation
-// might be unreliable. Search for visualstudio2019icelakeissue in our
-// tests.
-#define SIMDUTF_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VBMI2 1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-// We allow icelake on x64 as long as the compiler is known to support VBMI2.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE ((SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64) && (SIMDUTF_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_VBMI2))
-#endif
-
-// To see why  (__BMI__) && (__LZCNT__) are not part of this next line, see
-// https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/1247
-#if ((SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE) && (SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64) && (__AVX2__) && (SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512F && \
-                                         SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512DQ && \
-                                         SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VL && \
-                                           SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VBMI2) && (!SIMDUTF_IS_32BITS))
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE 1
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE 0
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_ICELAKE
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_ICELAKE SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION("avx512f,avx512dq,avx512cd,avx512bw,avx512vbmi,avx512vbmi2,avx512vl,avx2,bmi,bmi2,pclmul,lzcnt,popcnt,avx512vpopcntdq")
-#endif
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace icelake {
-} // namespace icelake
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-
-
-//
-// These two need to be included outside SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_INTRINSICS_H
-
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-// under clang within visual studio, this will include <x86intrin.h>
-#include <intrin.h>  // visual studio or clang
-#include <immintrin.h>
-#else
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// We should not get warnings while including <x86intrin.h> yet we do
-// under some versions of GCC.
-// If the x86intrin.h header has uninitialized values that are problematic,
-// it is a GCC issue, we want to ignore these warnings.
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wuninitialized)
-#endif
-
-#include <x86intrin.h> // elsewhere
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// cancels the suppression of the -Wuninitialized
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif
-
-#ifndef _tzcnt_u64
-#define _tzcnt_u64(x) __tzcnt_u64(x)
-#endif // _tzcnt_u64
-#endif // SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO
-/**
- * You are not supposed, normally, to include these
- * headers directly. Instead you should either include intrin.h
- * or x86intrin.h. However, when compiling with clang
- * under Windows (i.e., when _MSC_VER is set), these headers
- * only get included *if* the corresponding features are detected
- * from macros:
- * e.g., if __AVX2__ is set... in turn,  we normally set these
- * macros by compiling against the corresponding architecture
- * (e.g., arch:AVX2, -mavx2, etc.) which compiles the whole
- * software with these advanced instructions. In simdutf, we
- * want to compile the whole program for a generic target,
- * and only target our specific kernels. As a workaround,
- * we directly include the needed headers. These headers would
- * normally guard against such usage, but we carefully included
- * <x86intrin.h>  (or <intrin.h>) before, so the headers
- * are fooled.
- */
-#include <bmiintrin.h>   // for _blsr_u64
-#include <bmi2intrin.h>  // for _pext_u64, _pdep_u64
-#include <lzcntintrin.h> // for  __lzcnt64
-#include <immintrin.h>   // for most things (AVX2, AVX512, _popcnt64)
-#include <smmintrin.h>
-#include <tmmintrin.h>
-#include <avxintrin.h>
-#include <avx2intrin.h>
-// Important: we need the AVX-512 headers:
-#include <avx512fintrin.h>
-#include <avx512dqintrin.h>
-#include <avx512cdintrin.h>
-#include <avx512bwintrin.h>
-#include <avx512vlintrin.h>
-#include <avx512vlbwintrin.h>
-#include <avx512vbmiintrin.h>
-#include <avx512vbmi2intrin.h>
-#include <avx512vpopcntdqintrin.h>
-#include <avx512vpopcntdqvlintrin.h>
-// unfortunately, we may not get _blsr_u64, but, thankfully, clang
-// has it as a macro.
-#ifndef _blsr_u64
-// we roll our own
-#define _blsr_u64(n) ((n - 1) & n)
-#endif //  _blsr_u64
-#endif // SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-
-#if __GNUC__ == 8
-#define SIMDUTF_GCC8 1
-#elif __GNUC__ == 9
-#define SIMDUTF_GCC9 1
-#endif //  __GNUC__ == 8 || __GNUC__ == 9
-
-#endif // defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC8
-#pragma GCC push_options
-#pragma GCC target("avx512f")
-/**
- * GCC 8 fails to provide _mm512_set_epi8. We roll our own.
- */
-inline __m512i _mm512_set_epi8(uint8_t a0, uint8_t a1, uint8_t a2, uint8_t a3, uint8_t a4, uint8_t a5, uint8_t a6, uint8_t a7, uint8_t a8, uint8_t a9, uint8_t a10, uint8_t a11, uint8_t a12, uint8_t a13, uint8_t a14, uint8_t a15, uint8_t a16, uint8_t a17, uint8_t a18, uint8_t a19, uint8_t a20, uint8_t a21, uint8_t a22, uint8_t a23, uint8_t a24, uint8_t a25, uint8_t a26, uint8_t a27, uint8_t a28, uint8_t a29, uint8_t a30, uint8_t a31, uint8_t a32, uint8_t a33, uint8_t a34, uint8_t a35, uint8_t a36, uint8_t a37, uint8_t a38, uint8_t a39, uint8_t a40, uint8_t a41, uint8_t a42, uint8_t a43, uint8_t a44, uint8_t a45, uint8_t a46, uint8_t a47, uint8_t a48, uint8_t a49, uint8_t a50, uint8_t a51, uint8_t a52, uint8_t a53, uint8_t a54, uint8_t a55, uint8_t a56, uint8_t a57, uint8_t a58, uint8_t a59, uint8_t a60, uint8_t a61, uint8_t a62, uint8_t a63) {
-  return _mm512_set_epi64(uint64_t(a7) + (uint64_t(a6) << 8) + (uint64_t(a5) << 16) + (uint64_t(a4) << 24) + (uint64_t(a3) << 32) + (uint64_t(a2) << 40) + (uint64_t(a1) << 48) + (uint64_t(a0) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a15) + (uint64_t(a14) << 8) + (uint64_t(a13) << 16) + (uint64_t(a12) << 24) + (uint64_t(a11) << 32) + (uint64_t(a10) << 40) + (uint64_t(a9) << 48) + (uint64_t(a8) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a23) + (uint64_t(a22) << 8) + (uint64_t(a21) << 16) + (uint64_t(a20) << 24) + (uint64_t(a19) << 32) + (uint64_t(a18) << 40) + (uint64_t(a17) << 48) + (uint64_t(a16) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a31) + (uint64_t(a30) << 8) + (uint64_t(a29) << 16) + (uint64_t(a28) << 24) + (uint64_t(a27) << 32) + (uint64_t(a26) << 40) + (uint64_t(a25) << 48) + (uint64_t(a24) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a39) + (uint64_t(a38) << 8) + (uint64_t(a37) << 16) + (uint64_t(a36) << 24) + (uint64_t(a35) << 32) + (uint64_t(a34) << 40) + (uint64_t(a33) << 48) + (uint64_t(a32) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a47) + (uint64_t(a46) << 8) + (uint64_t(a45) << 16) + (uint64_t(a44) << 24) + (uint64_t(a43) << 32) + (uint64_t(a42) << 40) + (uint64_t(a41) << 48) + (uint64_t(a40) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a55) + (uint64_t(a54) << 8) + (uint64_t(a53) << 16) + (uint64_t(a52) << 24) + (uint64_t(a51) << 32) + (uint64_t(a50) << 40) + (uint64_t(a49) << 48) + (uint64_t(a48) << 56),
-                          uint64_t(a63) + (uint64_t(a62) << 8) + (uint64_t(a61) << 16) + (uint64_t(a60) << 24) + (uint64_t(a59) << 32) + (uint64_t(a58) << 40) + (uint64_t(a57) << 48) + (uint64_t(a56) << 56));
-}
-#pragma GCC pop_options
-#endif // SIMDUTF_GCC8
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/intrinsics.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace icelake {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-}
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation() : simdutf::implementation(
-      "icelake",
-      "Intel AVX512 (AVX-512BW, AVX-512CD, AVX-512VL, AVX-512VBMI2 extensions)",
-      internal::instruction_set::AVX2 | internal::instruction_set::BMI1 | internal::instruction_set::BMI2 | internal::instruction_set::AVX512BW | internal::instruction_set::AVX512CD | internal::instruction_set::AVX512VL | internal::instruction_set::AVX512VBMI2 | internal::instruction_set::AVX512VPOPCNTDQ ) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-
-} // namespace icelake
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/implementation.h */
-
-//
-// The rest need to be inside the region
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "icelake"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION icelake
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_ICELAKE
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/begin.h */
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace icelake {
-namespace {
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-simdutf_really_inline unsigned __int64 count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  // note: we do not support legacy 32-bit Windows
-  return __popcnt64(input_num);// Visual Studio wants two underscores
-}
-#else
-simdutf_really_inline long long int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  return _popcnt64(input_num);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_NEED_TRAILING_ZEROES
-simdutf_really_inline int trailing_zeroes(uint64_t input_num) {
-#if SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return (int)_tzcnt_u64(input_num);
-#else // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return __builtin_ctzll(input_num);
-#endif // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-}
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace icelake
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/bitmanipulation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/end.h */
-
-
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-#endif // SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_H
-#define SIMDUTF_HASWELL_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_H
-#error "haswell.h must be included before westmere.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#error "haswell.h must be included before fallback.h"
-#endif
-
-
-// Default Haswell to on if this is x86-64. Even if we're not compiled for it, it could be selected
-// at runtime.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-//
-// You do not want to restrict it like so: SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64 && __AVX2__
-// because we want to rely on *runtime dispatch*.
-//
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL 0
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL (SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-// To see why  (__BMI__) && (__LZCNT__) are not part of this next line, see
-// https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/1247
-#if ((SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL) && (SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64) && (__AVX2__))
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL 1
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL 0
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_HASWELL SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION("avx2,bmi,lzcnt,popcnt")
-
-namespace simdutf {
-/**
- * Implementation for Haswell (Intel AVX2).
- */
-namespace haswell {
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-//
-// These two need to be included outside SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_HASWELL_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-// The constructor may be executed on any host, so we take care not to use SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-
-using namespace simdutf;
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation() : simdutf::implementation(
-      "haswell",
-      "Intel/AMD AVX2",
-      internal::instruction_set::AVX2 | internal::instruction_set::BMI1 | internal::instruction_set::BMI2
-  ) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/implementation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_HASWELL_INTRINSICS_H
-
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-// under clang within visual studio, this will include <x86intrin.h>
-#include <intrin.h>  // visual studio or clang
-#else
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// We should not get warnings while including <x86intrin.h> yet we do
-// under some versions of GCC.
-// If the x86intrin.h header has uninitialized values that are problematic,
-// it is a GCC issue, we want to ignore these warnings.
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wuninitialized)
-#endif
-
-#include <x86intrin.h> // elsewhere
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// cancels the suppression of the -Wuninitialized
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO
-/**
- * You are not supposed, normally, to include these
- * headers directly. Instead you should either include intrin.h
- * or x86intrin.h. However, when compiling with clang
- * under Windows (i.e., when _MSC_VER is set), these headers
- * only get included *if* the corresponding features are detected
- * from macros:
- * e.g., if __AVX2__ is set... in turn,  we normally set these
- * macros by compiling against the corresponding architecture
- * (e.g., arch:AVX2, -mavx2, etc.) which compiles the whole
- * software with these advanced instructions. In simdutf, we
- * want to compile the whole program for a generic target,
- * and only target our specific kernels. As a workaround,
- * we directly include the needed headers. These headers would
- * normally guard against such usage, but we carefully included
- * <x86intrin.h>  (or <intrin.h>) before, so the headers
- * are fooled.
- */
-#include <bmiintrin.h>   // for _blsr_u64
-#include <lzcntintrin.h> // for  __lzcnt64
-#include <immintrin.h>   // for most things (AVX2, AVX512, _popcnt64)
-#include <smmintrin.h>
-#include <tmmintrin.h>
-#include <avxintrin.h>
-#include <avx2intrin.h>
-// unfortunately, we may not get _blsr_u64, but, thankfully, clang
-// has it as a macro.
-#ifndef _blsr_u64
-// we roll our own
-#define _blsr_u64(n) ((n - 1) & n)
-#endif //  _blsr_u64
-#endif // SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/intrinsics.h */
-
-//
-// The rest need to be inside the region
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "haswell"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION haswell
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_HASWELL
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/begin.h */
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_HASWELL_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-simdutf_really_inline unsigned __int64 count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  // note: we do not support legacy 32-bit Windows
-  return __popcnt64(input_num);// Visual Studio wants two underscores
-}
-#else
-simdutf_really_inline long long int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  return _popcnt64(input_num);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_NEED_TRAILING_ZEROES
-simdutf_inline int trailing_zeroes(uint64_t input_num) {
-#if SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return (int)_tzcnt_u64(input_num);
-#else // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return __builtin_ctzll(input_num);
-#endif // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-}
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/bitmanipulation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/simd.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_SIMD_H
-#define SIMDUTF_HASWELL_SIMD_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace simd {
-
-  // Forward-declared so they can be used by splat and friends.
-  template<typename Child>
-  struct base {
-    __m256i value;
-
-    // Zero constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline base() : value{__m256i()} {}
-
-    // Conversion from SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline base(const __m256i _value) : value(_value) {}
-    // Conversion to SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const __m256i&() const { return this->value; }
-    simdutf_really_inline operator __m256i&() { return this->value; }
-    template <endianness big_endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      __m256i first = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(*this));
-      __m256i second = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm256_extractf128_si256(*this,1));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-        first = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(first, swap);
-        second = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(second, swap);
-      }
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr), first);
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr + 16), second);
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * ptr) const {
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(*this)));
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr+8), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(_mm256_srli_si256(*this,8))));
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr + 16), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm256_extractf128_si256(*this,1)));
-      _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(ptr + 24), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(_mm256_extractf128_si256(*this,1),8)));
-    }
-    // Bit operations
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator|(const Child other) const { return _mm256_or_si256(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator&(const Child other) const { return _mm256_and_si256(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator^(const Child other) const { return _mm256_xor_si256(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child bit_andnot(const Child other) const { return _mm256_andnot_si256(other, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator|=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast | other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator&=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast & other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator^=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast ^ other; return *this_cast; }
-  };
-
-  // Forward-declared so they can be used by splat and friends.
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8;
-
-  template<typename T, typename Mask=simd8<bool>>
-  struct base8: base<simd8<T>> {
-    typedef uint32_t bitmask_t;
-    typedef uint64_t bitmask2_t;
-
-    simdutf_really_inline base8() : base<simd8<T>>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline base8(const __m256i _value) : base<simd8<T>>(_value) {}
-    simdutf_really_inline T first() const { return _mm256_extract_epi8(*this,0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline T last() const { return _mm256_extract_epi8(*this,31); }
-    friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd8<T> lhs, const simd8<T> rhs) { return _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(lhs, rhs); }
-
-    static const int SIZE = sizeof(base<T>::value);
-
-    template<int N=1>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> prev(const simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
-      return _mm256_alignr_epi8(*this, _mm256_permute2x128_si256(prev_chunk, *this, 0x21), 16 - N);
-    }
-  };
-
-  // SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<bool>: base8<bool> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> splat(bool _value) { return _mm256_set1_epi8(uint8_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m256i _value) : base8<bool>(_value) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(bool _value) : base8<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint32_t to_bitmask() const { return uint32_t(_mm256_movemask_epi8(*this)); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any() const { return !_mm256_testz_si256(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool none() const { return _mm256_testz_si256(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool all() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(*this)) == 0xFFFFFFFF; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator~() const { return *this ^ true; }
-  };
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct base8_numeric: base8<T> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> splat(T _value) { return _mm256_set1_epi8(_value); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> zero() { return _mm256_setzero_si256(); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> load(const T values[32]) {
-      return _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(values));
-    }
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> repeat_16(
-      T v0,  T v1,  T v2,  T v3,  T v4,  T v5,  T v6,  T v7,
-      T v8,  T v9,  T v10, T v11, T v12, T v13, T v14, T v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<T>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15,
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric() : base8<T>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric(const __m256i _value) : base8<T>(_value) {}
-
-    // Store to array
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[32]) const { return _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(dst), *this); }
-
-    // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator+(const simd8<T> other) const { return _mm256_add_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator-(const simd8<T> other) const { return _mm256_sub_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator+=(const simd8<T> other) { *this = *this + other; return *static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator-=(const simd8<T> other) { *this = *this - other; return *static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); }
-
-    // Override to distinguish from bool version
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-
-    // Perform a lookup assuming the value is between 0 and 16 (undefined behavior for out of range values)
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(simd8<L> lookup_table) const {
-      return _mm256_shuffle_epi8(lookup_table, *this);
-    }
-
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(
-        L replace0,  L replace1,  L replace2,  L replace3,
-        L replace4,  L replace5,  L replace6,  L replace7,
-        L replace8,  L replace9,  L replace10, L replace11,
-        L replace12, L replace13, L replace14, L replace15) const {
-      return lookup_16(simd8<L>::repeat_16(
-        replace0,  replace1,  replace2,  replace3,
-        replace4,  replace5,  replace6,  replace7,
-        replace8,  replace9,  replace10, replace11,
-        replace12, replace13, replace14, replace15
-      ));
-    }
-  };
-
-
-  // Signed bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<int8_t> : base8_numeric<int8_t> {
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<int8_t>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m256i _value) : base8_numeric<int8_t>(_value) {}
-
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(int8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const int8_t values[32]) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    simdutf_really_inline operator simd8<uint8_t>() const;
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3,  int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15,
-      int8_t v16, int8_t v17, int8_t v18, int8_t v19, int8_t v20, int8_t v21, int8_t v22, int8_t v23,
-      int8_t v24, int8_t v25, int8_t v26, int8_t v27, int8_t v28, int8_t v29, int8_t v30, int8_t v31
-    ) : simd8(_mm256_setr_epi8(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15,
-      v16,v17,v18,v19,v20,v21,v22,v23,
-      v24,v25,v26,v27,v28,v29,v30,v31
-    )) {}
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<int8_t> repeat_16(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3,  int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<int8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15,
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(*this) == 0; }
-    // Order-sensitive comparisons
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> max_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm256_max_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> min_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm256_min_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(other, *this); }
-  };
-
-  // Unsigned bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<uint8_t>: base8_numeric<uint8_t> {
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<uint8_t>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m256i _value) : base8_numeric<uint8_t>(_value) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(uint8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8_t values[32]) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15,
-      uint8_t v16, uint8_t v17, uint8_t v18, uint8_t v19, uint8_t v20, uint8_t v21, uint8_t v22, uint8_t v23,
-      uint8_t v24, uint8_t v25, uint8_t v26, uint8_t v27, uint8_t v28, uint8_t v29, uint8_t v30, uint8_t v31
-    ) : simd8(_mm256_setr_epi8(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15,
-      v16,v17,v18,v19,v20,v21,v22,v23,
-      v24,v25,v26,v27,v28,v29,v30,v31
-    )) {}
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<uint8_t> repeat_16(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<uint8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15,
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-
-    // Saturated math
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_add(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm256_adds_epu8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_sub(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm256_subs_epu8(*this, other); }
-
-    // Order-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> max_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm256_max_epu8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> min_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm256_min_epu8(other, *this); }
-    // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> gt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-    // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> lt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.max_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.min_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->lt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-
-    // Bit-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint8_t(0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return (*this & bits).bits_not_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set() const { return ~this->bits_not_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return ~this->bits_not_set(bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(*this) == 0; }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const { return _mm256_testz_si256(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return _mm256_testz_si256(*this, bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shr() const { return simd8<uint8_t>(_mm256_srli_epi16(*this, N)) & uint8_t(0xFFu >> N); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shl() const { return simd8<uint8_t>(_mm256_slli_epi16(*this, N)) & uint8_t(0xFFu << N); }
-    // Get one of the bits and make a bitmask out of it.
-    // e.g. value.get_bit<7>() gets the high bit
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline int get_bit() const { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_slli_epi16(*this, 7-N)); }
-  };
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>::operator simd8<uint8_t>() const { return this->value; }
-
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8x64 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd8<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 2, "Haswell kernel should use two registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd8<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd8x64(const simd8x64<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd8x64<T>& operator=(const simd8<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd8x64() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const simd8<T> chunk0, const simd8<T> chunk1) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd8<T>::load(ptr), simd8<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-      uint64_t r_lo = uint32_t(this->chunks[0].to_bitmask());
-      uint64_t r_hi =                       this->chunks[1].to_bitmask();
-      return r_lo | (r_hi << 32);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64<T>& operator|=(const simd8x64<T> &other) {
-      this->chunks[0] |= other.chunks[0];
-      this->chunks[1] |= other.chunks[1];
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1];
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return this->reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64<T> bit_or(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return simd8x64<T>(
-        this->chunks[0] | mask,
-        this->chunks[1] | mask
-      );
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == mask,
-        this->chunks[1] == mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const simd8x64<uint8_t> &other) const {
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == other.chunks[0],
-        this->chunks[1] == other.chunks[1]
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] <= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] < mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] > mask,
-        this->chunks[1] > mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq_unsigned(const uint8_t m) const {
-      const simd8<uint8_t> mask = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (simd8<uint8_t>(__m256i(this->chunks[0])) >= mask),
-        (simd8<uint8_t>(__m256i(this->chunks[1])) >= mask)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-  }; // struct simd8x64<T>
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/simd16-inl.h */
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#if __GNUC__ < 8
-#define _mm256_set_m128i(xmm1, xmm2) _mm256_permute2f128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(xmm1), _mm256_castsi128_si256(xmm2), 2)
-#define _mm256_setr_m128i(xmm2, xmm1)  _mm256_permute2f128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(xmm1), _mm256_castsi128_si256(xmm2), 2)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-template<typename T>
-struct simd16;
-
-template<typename T, typename Mask=simd16<bool>>
-struct base16: base<simd16<T>> {
-  using bitmask_type = uint32_t;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16() : base<simd16<T>>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const __m256i _value) : base<simd16<T>>(_value) {}
-  template <typename Pointer>
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const Pointer* ptr) : base16(_mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i*>(ptr))) {}
-  friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd16<T> lhs, const simd16<T> rhs) { return _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(lhs, rhs); }
-
-  /// the size of vector in bytes
-  static const int SIZE = sizeof(base<simd16<T>>::value);
-
-  /// the number of elements of type T a vector can hold
-  static const int ELEMENTS = SIZE / sizeof(T);
-
-  template<int N=1>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> prev(const simd16<T> prev_chunk) const {
-    return _mm256_alignr_epi8(*this, prev_chunk, 16 - N);
-  }
-};
-
-// SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-template<>
-struct simd16<bool>: base16<bool> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> splat(bool _value) { return _mm256_set1_epi16(uint16_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>() : base16() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(const __m256i _value) : base16<bool>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(bool _value) : base16<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bitmask_type to_bitmask() const { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any() const { return !_mm256_testz_si256(*this, *this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator~() const { return *this ^ true; }
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct base16_numeric: base16<T> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> splat(T _value) { return _mm256_set1_epi16(_value); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> zero() { return _mm256_setzero_si256(); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> load(const T values[8]) {
-    return _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(values));
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric() : base16<T>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric(const __m256i _value) : base16<T>(_value) {}
-
-  // Store to array
-  simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[8]) const { return _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(dst), *this); }
-
-  // Override to distinguish from bool version
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFFFu; }
-
-  // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator+(const simd16<T> other) const { return _mm256_add_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator-(const simd16<T> other) const { return _mm256_sub_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator+=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this + other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator-=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this - other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-};
-
-// Signed code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<int16_t> : base16_numeric<int16_t> {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<int16_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const __m256i _value) : base16_numeric<int16_t>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(int16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const int16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const int16_t*>(values))) {}
-  // Order-sensitive comparisons
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> max_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm256_max_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> min_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm256_min_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm256_cmpgt_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm256_cmpgt_epi16(other, *this); }
-};
-
-// Unsigned code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<uint16_t>: base16_numeric<uint16_t>  {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<uint16_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const __m256i _value) : base16_numeric<uint16_t>(_value) {}
-
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(uint16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const uint16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(values))) {}
-
-  // Saturated math
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_add(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm256_adds_epu16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_sub(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm256_subs_epu16(*this, other); }
-
-  // Order-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> max_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm256_max_epu16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> min_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm256_min_epu16(*this, other); }
-  // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> gt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-  // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> lt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.max_val(*this) == other; }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.min_val(*this) == other; }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-
-  // Bit-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint16_t(0); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> bits_not_set(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return (*this & bits).bits_not_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> any_bits_set() const { return ~this->bits_not_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> any_bits_set(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return ~this->bits_not_set(bits); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const { return _mm256_testz_si256(*this, *this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return _mm256_testz_si256(*this, bits); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shr() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(_mm256_srli_epi16(*this, N)); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shl() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(_mm256_slli_epi16(*this, N)); }
-  // Get one of the bits and make a bitmask out of it.
-  // e.g. value.get_bit<7>() gets the high bit
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline int get_bit() const { return _mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_slli_epi16(*this, 15-N)); }
-
-  // Change the endianness
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> swap_bytes() const {
-    const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-    return _mm256_shuffle_epi8(*this, swap);
-  }
-
-  // Pack with the unsigned saturation of two uint16_t code units into single uint8_t vector
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> pack(const simd16<uint16_t>& v0, const simd16<uint16_t>& v1) {
-    // Note: the AVX2 variant of pack operates on 128-bit lanes, thus
-    //       we have to shuffle lanes in order to produce bytes in the
-    //       correct order.
-
-    // get the 0th lanes
-    const __m128i lo_0 = _mm256_extracti128_si256(v0, 0);
-    const __m128i lo_1 = _mm256_extracti128_si256(v1, 0);
-
-    // get the 1st lanes
-    const __m128i hi_0 = _mm256_extracti128_si256(v0, 1);
-    const __m128i hi_1 = _mm256_extracti128_si256(v1, 1);
-
-    // build new vectors (shuffle lanes)
-    const __m256i t0 = _mm256_set_m128i(lo_1, lo_0);
-    const __m256i t1 = _mm256_set_m128i(hi_1, hi_0);
-
-    // pack code units in linear order from v0 and v1
-    return _mm256_packus_epi16(t0, t1);
-  }
-};
-
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd16x32 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd16<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 2, "Haswell kernel should use two registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd16<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd16x32(const simd16x32<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd16x32<T>& operator=(const simd16<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd16x32() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const simd16<T> chunk0, const simd16<T> chunk1) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd16<T>::load(ptr), simd16<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-      uint64_t r_lo = uint32_t(this->chunks[0].to_bitmask());
-      uint64_t r_hi =                       this->chunks[1].to_bitmask();
-      return r_lo | (r_hi << 32);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1];
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return this->reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32<T> bit_or(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return simd16x32<T>(
-        this->chunks[0] | mask,
-        this->chunks[1] | mask
-      );
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void swap_bytes() {
-      this->chunks[0] = this->chunks[0].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[1] = this->chunks[1].swap_bytes();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == mask,
-        this->chunks[1] == mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const simd16x32<uint16_t> &other) const {
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == other.chunks[0],
-        this->chunks[1] == other.chunks[1]
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] <= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(static_cast<T>(low-1));
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(static_cast<T>(high+1));
-      return simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] <= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-  }; // struct simd16x32<T>
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/simd16-inl.h */
-
-} // namespace simd
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_SIMD_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/simd.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-#endif // SIMDUTF_HASWELL_COMMON_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_H
-#define SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#error "westmere.h must be included before fallback.h"
-#endif
-
-
-// Default Westmere to on if this is x86-64, unless we'll always select Haswell.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-//
-// You do not want to set it to (SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64 && !SIMDUTF_REQUIRES_HASWELL)
-// because you want to rely on runtime dispatch!
-//
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE 0
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE (SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-#if (SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE && SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64 && __SSE4_2__)
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE 1
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE 0
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_WESTMERE SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION("sse4.2,popcnt")
-
-namespace simdutf {
-/**
- * Implementation for Westmere (Intel SSE4.2).
- */
-namespace westmere {
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-//
-// These two need to be included outside SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-// The constructor may be executed on any host, so we take care not to use SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-}
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation() : simdutf::implementation("westmere", "Intel/AMD SSE4.2", internal::instruction_set::SSE42) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/implementation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_INTRINSICS_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-// under clang within visual studio, this will include <x86intrin.h>
-#include <intrin.h> // visual studio or clang
-#else
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// We should not get warnings while including <x86intrin.h> yet we do
-// under some versions of GCC.
-// If the x86intrin.h header has uninitialized values that are problematic,
-// it is a GCC issue, we want to ignore these warnings.
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wuninitialized)
-#endif
-
-#include <x86intrin.h> // elsewhere
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE
-// cancels the suppression of the -Wuninitialized
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO
-/**
- * You are not supposed, normally, to include these
- * headers directly. Instead you should either include intrin.h
- * or x86intrin.h. However, when compiling with clang
- * under Windows (i.e., when _MSC_VER is set), these headers
- * only get included *if* the corresponding features are detected
- * from macros:
- */
-#include <smmintrin.h>  // for _mm_alignr_epi8
-#endif
-
-
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/intrinsics.h */
-
-//
-// The rest need to be inside the region
-//
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "westmere"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION westmere
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_WESTMERE
-#endif
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/begin.h */
-
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-simdutf_really_inline unsigned __int64 count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  // note: we do not support legacy 32-bit Windows
-  return __popcnt64(input_num);// Visual Studio wants two underscores
-}
-#else
-simdutf_really_inline long long int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  return _popcnt64(input_num);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_NEED_TRAILING_ZEROES
-simdutf_really_inline int trailing_zeroes(uint64_t input_num) {
-#if SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  unsigned long ret;
-  _BitScanForward64(&ret, input_num);
-  return (int)ret;
-#else // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  return __builtin_ctzll(input_num);
-#endif // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-}
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/bitmanipulation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/simd.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_SIMD_H
-#define SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_SIMD_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace simd {
-
-  template<typename Child>
-  struct base {
-    __m128i value;
-
-    // Zero constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline base() : value{__m128i()} {}
-
-    // Conversion from SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline base(const __m128i _value) : value(_value) {}
-    // Conversion to SIMD register
-    simdutf_really_inline operator const __m128i&() const { return this->value; }
-    simdutf_really_inline operator __m128i&() { return this->value; }
-    template <endianness big_endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * p) const {
-      __m128i first = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(*this);
-      __m128i second = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_srli_si128(*this,8));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        first = _mm_shuffle_epi8(first, swap);
-        second = _mm_shuffle_epi8(second, swap);
-      }
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p), first);
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p+8), second);
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * p) const {
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(*this));
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p+4), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(*this,4)));
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p+8), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(*this,8)));
-      _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(p+12), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(*this,12)));
-    }
-    // Bit operations
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator|(const Child other) const { return _mm_or_si128(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator&(const Child other) const { return _mm_and_si128(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child operator^(const Child other) const { return _mm_xor_si128(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child bit_andnot(const Child other) const { return _mm_andnot_si128(other, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator|=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast | other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator&=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast & other; return *this_cast; }
-    simdutf_really_inline Child& operator^=(const Child other) { auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this); *this_cast = *this_cast ^ other; return *this_cast; }
-  };
-
-  // Forward-declared so they can be used by splat and friends.
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8;
-
-  template<typename T, typename Mask=simd8<bool>>
-  struct base8: base<simd8<T>> {
-    typedef uint16_t bitmask_t;
-    typedef uint32_t bitmask2_t;
-
-    simdutf_really_inline T first() const { return _mm_extract_epi8(*this,0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline T last() const { return _mm_extract_epi8(*this,15); }
-    simdutf_really_inline base8() : base<simd8<T>>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline base8(const __m128i _value) : base<simd8<T>>(_value) {}
-
-    friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd8<T> lhs, const simd8<T> rhs) { return _mm_cmpeq_epi8(lhs, rhs); }
-
-    static const int SIZE = sizeof(base<simd8<T>>::value);
-
-    template<int N=1>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> prev(const simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
-      return _mm_alignr_epi8(*this, prev_chunk, 16 - N);
-    }
-  };
-
-  // SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<bool>: base8<bool> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> splat(bool _value) { return _mm_set1_epi8(uint8_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value) : base8<bool>(_value) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(bool _value) : base8<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline int to_bitmask() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any() const { return !_mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool none() const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool all() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(*this) == 0xFFFF; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator~() const { return *this ^ true; }
-  };
-
-  template<typename T>
-  struct base8_numeric: base8<T> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> splat(T _value) { return _mm_set1_epi8(_value); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> zero() { return _mm_setzero_si128(); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> load(const T values[16]) {
-      return _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(values));
-    }
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> repeat_16(
-      T v0,  T v1,  T v2,  T v3,  T v4,  T v5,  T v6,  T v7,
-      T v8,  T v9,  T v10, T v11, T v12, T v13, T v14, T v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<T>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric() : base8<T>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric(const __m128i _value) : base8<T>(_value) {}
-
-    // Store to array
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[16]) const { return _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(dst), *this); }
-
-    // Override to distinguish from bool version
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-
-    // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator+(const simd8<T> other) const { return _mm_add_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator-(const simd8<T> other) const { return _mm_sub_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator+=(const simd8<T> other) { *this = *this + other; return *static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T>& operator-=(const simd8<T> other) { *this = *this - other; return *static_cast<simd8<T>*>(this); }
-
-    // Perform a lookup assuming the value is between 0 and 16 (undefined behavior for out of range values)
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(simd8<L> lookup_table) const {
-      return _mm_shuffle_epi8(lookup_table, *this);
-    }
-
-    template<typename L>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(
-        L replace0,  L replace1,  L replace2,  L replace3,
-        L replace4,  L replace5,  L replace6,  L replace7,
-        L replace8,  L replace9,  L replace10, L replace11,
-        L replace12, L replace13, L replace14, L replace15) const {
-      return lookup_16(simd8<L>::repeat_16(
-        replace0,  replace1,  replace2,  replace3,
-        replace4,  replace5,  replace6,  replace7,
-        replace8,  replace9,  replace10, replace11,
-        replace12, replace13, replace14, replace15
-      ));
-    }
-  };
-
-  // Signed bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<int8_t> : base8_numeric<int8_t> {
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<int8_t>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value) : base8_numeric<int8_t>(_value) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(int8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const int8_t* values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3,  int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(_mm_setr_epi8(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    )) {}
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<int8_t> repeat_16(
-      int8_t v0,  int8_t v1,  int8_t v2,  int8_t v3,  int8_t v4,  int8_t v5,  int8_t v6,  int8_t v7,
-      int8_t v8,  int8_t v9,  int8_t v10, int8_t v11, int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<int8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline operator simd8<uint8_t>() const;
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(*this) == 0; }
-
-    // Order-sensitive comparisons
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> max_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm_max_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t> min_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm_min_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm_cmpgt_epi8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<int8_t> other) const { return _mm_cmpgt_epi8(other, *this); }
-  };
-
-  // Unsigned bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<uint8_t>: base8_numeric<uint8_t>  {
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<uint8_t>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value) : base8_numeric<uint8_t>(_value) {}
-
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(uint8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8_t* values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) : simd8(_mm_setr_epi8(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-      v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-    )) {}
-    // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-    simdutf_really_inline static simd8<uint8_t> repeat_16(
-      uint8_t v0,  uint8_t v1,  uint8_t v2,  uint8_t v3,  uint8_t v4,  uint8_t v5,  uint8_t v6,  uint8_t v7,
-      uint8_t v8,  uint8_t v9,  uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15
-    ) {
-      return simd8<uint8_t>(
-        v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-        v8, v9, v10,v11,v12,v13,v14,v15
-      );
-    }
-
-    // Saturated math
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_add(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm_adds_epu8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> saturating_sub(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm_subs_epu8(*this, other); }
-
-    // Order-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> max_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm_max_epu8(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> min_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return _mm_min_epu8(*this, other); }
-    // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> gt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-    // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> lt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.max_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return other.min_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-
-    // Bit-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint8_t(0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return (*this & bits).bits_not_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set() const { return ~this->bits_not_set(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return ~this->bits_not_set(bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(*this) == 0; }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shr() const { return simd8<uint8_t>(_mm_srli_epi16(*this, N)) & uint8_t(0xFFu >> N); }
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shl() const { return simd8<uint8_t>(_mm_slli_epi16(*this, N)) & uint8_t(0xFFu << N); }
-    // Get one of the bits and make a bitmask out of it.
-    // e.g. value.get_bit<7>() gets the high bit
-    template<int N>
-    simdutf_really_inline int get_bit() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_slli_epi16(*this, 7-N)); }
-  };
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>::operator simd8<uint8_t>() const { return this->value; }
-
-  // Unsigned bytes
-  template<>
-  struct simd8<uint16_t>: base<uint16_t> {
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> splat(uint16_t _value) { return _mm_set1_epi16(_value); }
-    static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> load(const uint16_t values[8]) {
-      return _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(values));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base<uint16_t>() {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value) : base<uint16_t>(_value) {}
-    // Splat constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(uint16_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-    // Array constructor
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint16_t* values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-    // Member-by-member initialization
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8(
-      uint16_t v0,  uint16_t v1,  uint16_t v2,  uint16_t v3,  uint16_t v4,  uint16_t v5,  uint16_t v6,  uint16_t v7
-    ) : simd8(_mm_setr_epi16(
-      v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7
-    )) {}
-
-    // Saturated math
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> saturating_add(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_adds_epu16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> saturating_sub(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_subs_epu16(*this, other); }
-
-    // Order-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> max_val(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_max_epu16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> min_val(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_min_epu16(*this, other); }
-    // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> gt_bits(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-    // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint16_t> lt_bits(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator<=(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return other.max_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator>=(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return other.min_val(*this) == other; }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator==(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_cmpeq_epi16(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator&(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_and_si128(*this, other); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator|(const simd8<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_or_si128(*this, other); }
-
-    // Bit-specific operations
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint16_t(0); }
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set() const { return ~this->bits_not_set(); }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd8<uint16_t> bits) const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, bits); }
-    simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd8<uint16_t> bits) const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits); }
-     };
-  template<typename T>
-  struct simd8x64 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd8<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 4, "Westmere kernel should use four registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd8<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd8x64(const simd8x64<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd8x64<T>& operator=(const simd8<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd8x64() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const simd8<T> chunk0, const simd8<T> chunk1, const simd8<T> chunk2, const simd8<T> chunk3) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1, chunk2, chunk3} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd8<T>::load(ptr), simd8<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+2*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+3*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[2].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[3].store(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8x64<T>& operator |=(const simd8x64<T> &other) {
-      this->chunks[0] |= other.chunks[0];
-      this->chunks[1] |= other.chunks[1];
-      this->chunks[2] |= other.chunks[2];
-      this->chunks[3] |= other.chunks[3];
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return (this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1]) | (this->chunks[2] | this->chunks[3]);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return this->reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].template store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf32(char32_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].store_ascii_as_utf32(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-      uint64_t r0 = uint32_t(this->chunks[0].to_bitmask());
-      uint64_t r1 =          this->chunks[1].to_bitmask();
-      uint64_t r2 =          this->chunks[2].to_bitmask();
-      uint64_t r3 =          this->chunks[3].to_bitmask();
-      return r0 | (r1 << 16) | (r2 << 32) | (r3 << 48);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == mask,
-        this->chunks[1] == mask,
-        this->chunks[2] == mask,
-        this->chunks[3] == mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const simd8x64<uint8_t> &other) const {
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == other.chunks[0],
-        this->chunks[1] == other.chunks[1],
-        this->chunks[2] == other.chunks[2],
-        this->chunks[3] == other.chunks[3]
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[2] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[3] <= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[2] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[3] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low-1);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high+1);
-      return simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] <= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask,
-        this->chunks[2] < mask,
-        this->chunks[3] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] > mask,
-        this->chunks[1] > mask,
-        this->chunks[2] > mask,
-        this->chunks[3] > mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[2] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[3] >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq_unsigned(const uint8_t m) const {
-      const simd8<uint8_t> mask = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        simd8<uint8_t>(__m128i(this->chunks[0])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(__m128i(this->chunks[1])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(__m128i(this->chunks[2])) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(__m128i(this->chunks[3])) >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-  }; // struct simd8x64<T>
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/simd16-inl.h */
-template<typename T>
-struct simd16;
-
-template<typename T, typename Mask=simd16<bool>>
-struct base16: base<simd16<T>> {
-  typedef uint16_t bitmask_t;
-  typedef uint32_t bitmask2_t;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16() : base<simd16<T>>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const __m128i _value) : base<simd16<T>>(_value) {}
-  template <typename Pointer>
-  simdutf_really_inline base16(const Pointer* ptr) : base16(_mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(ptr))) {}
-
-  friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd16<T> lhs, const simd16<T> rhs) { return _mm_cmpeq_epi16(lhs, rhs); }
-
-  static const int SIZE = sizeof(base<simd16<T>>::value);
-
-  template<int N=1>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> prev(const simd16<T> prev_chunk) const {
-    return _mm_alignr_epi8(*this, prev_chunk, 16 - N);
-  }
-};
-
-// SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-template<>
-struct simd16<bool>: base16<bool> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> splat(bool _value) { return _mm_set1_epi16(uint16_t(-(!!_value))); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>() : base16() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(const __m128i _value) : base16<bool>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool>(bool _value) : base16<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline int to_bitmask() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any() const { return !_mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator~() const { return *this ^ true; }
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-struct base16_numeric: base16<T> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> splat(T _value) { return _mm_set1_epi16(_value); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> zero() { return _mm_setzero_si128(); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> load(const T values[8]) {
-    return _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(values));
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric() : base16<T>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base16_numeric(const __m128i _value) : base16<T>(_value) {}
-
-  // Store to array
-  simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[8]) const { return _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(dst), *this); }
-
-  // Override to distinguish from bool version
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-
-  // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator+(const simd16<T> other) const { return _mm_add_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> operator-(const simd16<T> other) const { return _mm_sub_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator+=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this + other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<T>& operator-=(const simd16<T> other) { *this = *this - other; return *static_cast<simd16<T>*>(this); }
-};
-
-// Signed code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<int16_t> : base16_numeric<int16_t> {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<int16_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const __m128i _value) : base16_numeric<int16_t>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(int16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const int16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const int16_t*>(values))) {}
-  // Member-by-member initialization
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(
-    int16_t v0, int16_t v1, int16_t v2, int16_t v3, int16_t v4, int16_t v5, int16_t v6, int16_t v7)
-    : simd16(_mm_setr_epi16(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline operator simd16<uint16_t>() const;
-
-  // Order-sensitive comparisons
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> max_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm_max_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t> min_val(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm_min_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm_cmpgt_epi16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<int16_t> other) const { return _mm_cmpgt_epi16(other, *this); }
-};
-
-// Unsigned code units
-template<>
-struct simd16<uint16_t>: base16_numeric<uint16_t>  {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16() : base16_numeric<uint16_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const __m128i _value) : base16_numeric<uint16_t>(_value) {}
-
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(uint16_t _value) : simd16(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const uint16_t* values) : simd16(load(values)) {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(const char16_t* values) : simd16(load(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(values))) {}
-  // Member-by-member initialization
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16(
-    uint16_t v0, uint16_t v1, uint16_t v2, uint16_t v3, uint16_t v4, uint16_t v5, uint16_t v6, uint16_t v7)
-  : simd16(_mm_setr_epi16(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7)) {}
-  // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-  simdutf_really_inline static simd16<uint16_t> repeat_16(
-    uint16_t v0, uint16_t v1, uint16_t v2, uint16_t v3, uint16_t v4, uint16_t v5, uint16_t v6, uint16_t v7
-  ) {
-    return simd16<uint16_t>(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7);
-  }
-
-  // Saturated math
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_add(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_adds_epu16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> saturating_sub(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_subs_epu16(*this, other); }
-
-  // Order-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> max_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_max_epu16(*this, other); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> min_val(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return _mm_min_epu16(*this, other); }
-  // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> gt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->saturating_sub(other); }
-  // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> lt_bits(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.saturating_sub(*this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.max_val(*this) == other; }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>=(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return other.min_val(*this) == other; }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator>(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> operator<(const simd16<uint16_t> other) const { return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set(); }
-
-  // Bit-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> bits_not_set() const { return *this == uint16_t(0); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> bits_not_set(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return (*this & bits).bits_not_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> any_bits_set() const { return ~this->bits_not_set(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<bool> any_bits_set(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return ~this->bits_not_set(bits); }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, *this); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return _mm_testz_si128(*this, bits); }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd16<uint16_t> bits) const { return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shr() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(_mm_srli_epi16(*this, N)); }
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> shl() const { return simd16<uint16_t>(_mm_slli_epi16(*this, N)); }
-  // Get one of the bits and make a bitmask out of it.
-  // e.g. value.get_bit<7>() gets the high bit
-  template<int N>
-  simdutf_really_inline int get_bit() const { return _mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_slli_epi16(*this, 7-N)); }
-
-  // Change the endianness
-  simdutf_really_inline simd16<uint16_t> swap_bytes() const {
-    const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-    return _mm_shuffle_epi8(*this, swap);
-  }
-
-  // Pack with the unsigned saturation of two uint16_t code units into single uint8_t vector
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> pack(const simd16<uint16_t>& v0, const simd16<uint16_t>& v1) {
-    return _mm_packus_epi16(v0, v1);
-  }
-};
-simdutf_really_inline simd16<int16_t>::operator simd16<uint16_t>() const { return this->value; }
-
-template<typename T>
-  struct simd16x32 {
-    static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd16<T>);
-    static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 4, "Westmere kernel should use four registers per 64-byte block.");
-    simd16<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-    simd16x32(const simd16x32<T>& o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-    simd16x32<T>& operator=(const simd16<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-    simd16x32() = delete; // no default constructor allowed
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const simd16<T> chunk0, const simd16<T> chunk1, const simd16<T> chunk2, const simd16<T> chunk3) : chunks{chunk0, chunk1, chunk2, chunk3} {}
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16x32(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd16<T>::load(ptr), simd16<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd16<T>::load(ptr+2*sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd16<T>::load(ptr+3*sizeof(simd16<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[1].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*1/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[2].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*2/sizeof(T));
-      this->chunks[3].store(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*3/sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline simd16<T> reduce_or() const {
-      return (this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1]) | (this->chunks[2] | this->chunks[3]);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return this->reduce_or().is_ascii();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void store_ascii_as_utf16(char16_t * ptr) const {
-      this->chunks[0].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*0);
-      this->chunks[1].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*1);
-      this->chunks[2].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*2);
-      this->chunks[3].store_ascii_as_utf16(ptr+sizeof(simd16<T>)*3);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-      uint64_t r0 = uint32_t(this->chunks[0].to_bitmask());
-      uint64_t r1 =          this->chunks[1].to_bitmask();
-      uint64_t r2 =          this->chunks[2].to_bitmask();
-      uint64_t r3 =          this->chunks[3].to_bitmask();
-      return r0 | (r1 << 16) | (r2 << 32) | (r3 << 48);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void swap_bytes() {
-      this->chunks[0] = this->chunks[0].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[1] = this->chunks[1].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[2] = this->chunks[2].swap_bytes();
-      this->chunks[3] = this->chunks[3].swap_bytes();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == mask,
-        this->chunks[1] == mask,
-        this->chunks[2] == mask,
-        this->chunks[3] == mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const simd16x32<uint16_t> &other) const {
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] == other.chunks[0],
-        this->chunks[1] == other.chunks[1],
-        this->chunks[2] == other.chunks[2],
-        this->chunks[3] == other.chunks[3]
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[2] <= mask,
-        this->chunks[3] <= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[2] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[3] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask_low = simd16<T>::splat(static_cast<T>(low-1));
-      const simd16<T> mask_high = simd16<T>::splat(static_cast<T>(high+1));
-      return simd16x32<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] <= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] >= mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] <= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-    simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-      const simd16<T> mask = simd16<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd16x32<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] < mask,
-        this->chunks[1] < mask,
-        this->chunks[2] < mask,
-        this->chunks[3] < mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-    }
-  }; // struct simd16x32<T>
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/simd16-inl.h */
-
-} // namespace simd
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_SIMD_INPUT_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/simd.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-#endif // SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_COMMON_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PPC64_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#error "ppc64.h must be included before fallback.h"
-#endif
-
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64 (SIMDUTF_IS_PPC64)
-#endif
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_PPC64 SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64 && SIMDUTF_IS_PPC64
-
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-
-namespace simdutf {
-/**
- * Implementation for ALTIVEC (PPC64).
- */
-namespace ppc64 {
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PPC64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-} // namespace
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation()
-      : simdutf::implementation("ppc64", "PPC64 ALTIVEC",
-                                 internal::instruction_set::ALTIVEC) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_PPC64_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/implementation.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "ppc64"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION ppc64
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/begin.h */
-
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PPC64_INTRINSICS_H
-
-
-// This should be the correct header whether
-// you use visual studio or other compilers.
-#include <altivec.h>
-
-// These are defined by altivec.h in GCC toolchain, it is safe to undef them.
-#ifdef bool
-#undef bool
-#endif
-
-#ifdef vector
-#undef vector
-#endif
-
-#endif //  SIMDUTF_PPC64_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/intrinsics.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PPC64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-simdutf_really_inline int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  // note: we do not support legacy 32-bit Windows
-  return __popcnt64(input_num); // Visual Studio wants two underscores
-}
-#else
-simdutf_really_inline int count_ones(uint64_t input_num) {
-  return __builtin_popcountll(input_num);
-}
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_PPC64_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/bitmanipulation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/simd.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_SIMD_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PPC64_SIMD_H
-
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace simd {
-
-using __m128i = __vector unsigned char;
-
-template <typename Child> struct base {
-  __m128i value;
-
-  // Zero constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline base() : value{__m128i()} {}
-
-  // Conversion from SIMD register
-  simdutf_really_inline base(const __m128i _value) : value(_value) {}
-
-  // Conversion to SIMD register
-  simdutf_really_inline operator const __m128i &() const {
-    return this->value;
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline operator __m128i &() { return this->value; }
-
-  // Bit operations
-  simdutf_really_inline Child operator|(const Child other) const {
-    return vec_or(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child operator&(const Child other) const {
-    return vec_and(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child operator^(const Child other) const {
-    return vec_xor(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child bit_andnot(const Child other) const {
-    return vec_andc(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child &operator|=(const Child other) {
-    auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this);
-    *this_cast = *this_cast | other;
-    return *this_cast;
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child &operator&=(const Child other) {
-    auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this);
-    *this_cast = *this_cast & other;
-    return *this_cast;
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline Child &operator^=(const Child other) {
-    auto this_cast = static_cast<Child*>(this);
-    *this_cast = *this_cast ^ other;
-    return *this_cast;
-  }
-};
-
-// Forward-declared so they can be used by splat and friends.
-template <typename T> struct simd8;
-
-template <typename T, typename Mask = simd8<bool>>
-struct base8 : base<simd8<T>> {
-  typedef uint16_t bitmask_t;
-  typedef uint32_t bitmask2_t;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base8() : base<simd8<T>>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base8(const __m128i _value) : base<simd8<T>>(_value) {}
-
-  friend simdutf_really_inline Mask operator==(const simd8<T> lhs, const simd8<T> rhs) {
-    return (__m128i)vec_cmpeq(lhs.value, (__m128i)rhs);
-  }
-
-  static const int SIZE = sizeof(base<simd8<T>>::value);
-
-  template <int N = 1>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> prev(simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
-    __m128i chunk = this->value;
-#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-    chunk = (__m128i)vec_reve(this->value);
-    prev_chunk = (__m128i)vec_reve((__m128i)prev_chunk);
-#endif
-    chunk = (__m128i)vec_sld((__m128i)prev_chunk, (__m128i)chunk, 16 - N);
-#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-    chunk = (__m128i)vec_reve((__m128i)chunk);
-#endif
-    return chunk;
-  }
-};
-
-// SIMD byte mask type (returned by things like eq and gt)
-template <> struct simd8<bool> : base8<bool> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> splat(bool _value) {
-    return (__m128i)vec_splats((unsigned char)(-(!!_value)));
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value)
-      : base8<bool>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(bool _value)
-      : base8<bool>(splat(_value)) {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline int to_bitmask() const {
-    __vector unsigned long long result;
-    const __m128i perm_mask = {0x78, 0x70, 0x68, 0x60, 0x58, 0x50, 0x48, 0x40,
-                               0x38, 0x30, 0x28, 0x20, 0x18, 0x10, 0x08, 0x00};
-
-    result = ((__vector unsigned long long)vec_vbpermq((__m128i)this->value,
-                                                       (__m128i)perm_mask));
-#ifdef __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-    return static_cast<int>(result[1]);
-#else
-    return static_cast<int>(result[0]);
-#endif
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any() const {
-    return !vec_all_eq(this->value, (__m128i)vec_splats(0));
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> operator~() const {
-    return this->value ^ (__m128i)splat(true);
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T> struct base8_numeric : base8<T> {
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> splat(T value) {
-    (void)value;
-    return (__m128i)vec_splats(value);
-  }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> zero() { return splat(0); }
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> load(const T values[16]) {
-    return (__m128i)(vec_vsx_ld(0, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(values)));
-  }
-  // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-  static simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> repeat_16(T v0, T v1, T v2, T v3, T v4,
-                                                   T v5, T v6, T v7, T v8, T v9,
-                                                   T v10, T v11, T v12, T v13,
-                                                   T v14, T v15) {
-    return simd8<T>(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13,
-                    v14, v15);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric() : base8<T>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline base8_numeric(const __m128i _value)
-      : base8<T>(_value) {}
-
-  // Store to array
-  simdutf_really_inline void store(T dst[16]) const {
-    vec_vsx_st(this->value, 0, reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(dst));
-  }
-
-  // Override to distinguish from bool version
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator~() const { return *this ^ 0xFFu; }
-
-  // Addition/subtraction are the same for signed and unsigned
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator+(const simd8<T> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)((__m128i)this->value + (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> operator-(const simd8<T> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)((__m128i)this->value - (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> &operator+=(const simd8<T> other) {
-    *this = *this + other;
-    return *static_cast<simd8<T> *>(this);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> &operator-=(const simd8<T> other) {
-    *this = *this - other;
-    return *static_cast<simd8<T> *>(this);
-  }
-
-  // Perform a lookup assuming the value is between 0 and 16 (undefined behavior
-  // for out of range values)
-  template <typename L>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<L> lookup_16(simd8<L> lookup_table) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_perm((__m128i)lookup_table, (__m128i)lookup_table, this->value);
-  }
-
-  template <typename L>
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<L>
-  lookup_16(L replace0, L replace1, L replace2, L replace3, L replace4,
-            L replace5, L replace6, L replace7, L replace8, L replace9,
-            L replace10, L replace11, L replace12, L replace13, L replace14,
-            L replace15) const {
-    return lookup_16(simd8<L>::repeat_16(
-        replace0, replace1, replace2, replace3, replace4, replace5, replace6,
-        replace7, replace8, replace9, replace10, replace11, replace12,
-        replace13, replace14, replace15));
-  }
-};
-
-// Signed bytes
-template <> struct simd8<int8_t> : base8_numeric<int8_t> {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<int8_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value)
-      : base8_numeric<int8_t>(_value) {}
-
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(int8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(const int8_t *values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-  // Member-by-member initialization
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(int8_t v0, int8_t v1, int8_t v2, int8_t v3,
-                               int8_t v4, int8_t v5, int8_t v6, int8_t v7,
-                               int8_t v8, int8_t v9, int8_t v10, int8_t v11,
-                               int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15)
-      : simd8((__m128i)(__vector signed char){v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7,
-                                              v8, v9, v10, v11, v12, v13, v14,
-                                              v15}) {}
-  // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-  simdutf_really_inline static simd8<int8_t>
-  repeat_16(int8_t v0, int8_t v1, int8_t v2, int8_t v3, int8_t v4, int8_t v5,
-            int8_t v6, int8_t v7, int8_t v8, int8_t v9, int8_t v10, int8_t v11,
-            int8_t v12, int8_t v13, int8_t v14, int8_t v15) {
-    return simd8<int8_t>(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-                         v13, v14, v15);
-  }
-
-  // Order-sensitive comparisons
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>
-  max_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_max((__vector signed char)this->value,
-                            (__vector signed char)(__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<int8_t>
-  min_val(const simd8<int8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_min((__vector signed char)this->value,
-                            (__vector signed char)(__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator>(const simd8<int8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_cmpgt((__vector signed char)this->value,
-                              (__vector signed char)(__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator<(const simd8<int8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_cmplt((__vector signed char)this->value,
-                              (__vector signed char)(__m128i)other);
-  }
-};
-
-// Unsigned bytes
-template <> struct simd8<uint8_t> : base8_numeric<uint8_t> {
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8() : base8_numeric<uint8_t>() {}
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(const __m128i _value)
-      : base8_numeric<uint8_t>(_value) {}
-  // Splat constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(uint8_t _value) : simd8(splat(_value)) {}
-  // Array constructor
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8(const uint8_t *values) : simd8(load(values)) {}
-  // Member-by-member initialization
-  simdutf_really_inline
-  simd8(uint8_t v0, uint8_t v1, uint8_t v2, uint8_t v3, uint8_t v4, uint8_t v5,
-        uint8_t v6, uint8_t v7, uint8_t v8, uint8_t v9, uint8_t v10,
-        uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14, uint8_t v15)
-      : simd8((__m128i){v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-                        v13, v14, v15}) {}
-  // Repeat 16 values as many times as necessary (usually for lookup tables)
-  simdutf_really_inline static simd8<uint8_t>
-  repeat_16(uint8_t v0, uint8_t v1, uint8_t v2, uint8_t v3, uint8_t v4,
-            uint8_t v5, uint8_t v6, uint8_t v7, uint8_t v8, uint8_t v9,
-            uint8_t v10, uint8_t v11, uint8_t v12, uint8_t v13, uint8_t v14,
-            uint8_t v15) {
-    return simd8<uint8_t>(v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, v8, v9, v10, v11, v12,
-                          v13, v14, v15);
-  }
-
-  // Saturated math
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  saturating_add(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_adds(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  saturating_sub(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_subs(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-
-  // Order-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  max_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_max(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  min_val(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_min(this->value, (__m128i)other);
-  }
-  // Same as >, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  gt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return this->saturating_sub(other);
-  }
-  // Same as <, but only guarantees true is nonzero (< guarantees true = -1)
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t>
-  lt_bits(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return other.saturating_sub(*this);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator<=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return other.max_val(*this) == other;
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator>=(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return other.min_val(*this) == other;
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator>(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool>
-  operator<(const simd8<uint8_t> other) const {
-    return this->gt_bits(other).any_bits_set();
-  }
-
-  // Bit-specific operations
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set() const {
-    return (__m128i)vec_cmpeq(this->value, (__m128i)vec_splats(uint8_t(0)));
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> bits_not_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const {
-    return (*this & bits).bits_not_set();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set() const {
-    return ~this->bits_not_set();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> any_bits_set(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const {
-    return ~this->bits_not_set(bits);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-      return this->saturating_sub(0b01111111u).bits_not_set_anywhere();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere() const {
-    return vec_all_eq(this->value, (__m128i)vec_splats(0));
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere() const {
-    return !bits_not_set_anywhere();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool bits_not_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const {
-    return vec_all_eq(vec_and(this->value, (__m128i)bits),
-                      (__m128i)vec_splats(0));
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline bool any_bits_set_anywhere(simd8<uint8_t> bits) const {
-    return !bits_not_set_anywhere(bits);
-  }
-  template <int N> simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shr() const {
-    return simd8<uint8_t>(
-        (__m128i)vec_sr(this->value, (__m128i)vec_splat_u8(N)));
-  }
-  template <int N> simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> shl() const {
-    return simd8<uint8_t>(
-        (__m128i)vec_sl(this->value, (__m128i)vec_splat_u8(N)));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T> struct simd8x64 {
-  static constexpr int NUM_CHUNKS = 64 / sizeof(simd8<T>);
-  static_assert(NUM_CHUNKS == 4,
-                "PPC64 kernel should use four registers per 64-byte block.");
-  simd8<T> chunks[NUM_CHUNKS];
-
-  simd8x64(const simd8x64<T> &o) = delete; // no copy allowed
-  simd8x64<T> &
-  operator=(const simd8<T> other) = delete; // no assignment allowed
-  simd8x64() = delete;                      // no default constructor allowed
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const simd8<T> chunk0, const simd8<T> chunk1,
-                                  const simd8<T> chunk2, const simd8<T> chunk3)
-      : chunks{chunk0, chunk1, chunk2, chunk3} {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8x64(const T* ptr) : chunks{simd8<T>::load(ptr), simd8<T>::load(ptr+sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+2*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T)), simd8<T>::load(ptr+3*sizeof(simd8<T>)/sizeof(T))} {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline void store(T* ptr) const {
-    this->chunks[0].store(ptr + sizeof(simd8<T>) * 0/sizeof(T));
-    this->chunks[1].store(ptr + sizeof(simd8<T>) * 1/sizeof(T));
-    this->chunks[2].store(ptr + sizeof(simd8<T>) * 2/sizeof(T));
-    this->chunks[3].store(ptr + sizeof(simd8<T>) * 3/sizeof(T));
-  }
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8x64<T>& operator |=(const simd8x64<T> &other) {
-      this->chunks[0] |= other.chunks[0];
-      this->chunks[1] |= other.chunks[1];
-      this->chunks[2] |= other.chunks[2];
-      this->chunks[3] |= other.chunks[3];
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<T> reduce_or() const {
-    return (this->chunks[0] | this->chunks[1]) |
-           (this->chunks[2] | this->chunks[3]);
-  }
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii() const {
-    return input.reduce_or().is_ascii();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t to_bitmask() const {
-    uint64_t r0 = uint32_t(this->chunks[0].to_bitmask());
-    uint64_t r1 = this->chunks[1].to_bitmask();
-    uint64_t r2 = this->chunks[2].to_bitmask();
-    uint64_t r3 = this->chunks[3].to_bitmask();
-    return r0 | (r1 << 16) | (r2 << 32) | (r3 << 48);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const T m) const {
-    const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-    return simd8x64<bool>(this->chunks[0] == mask, this->chunks[1] == mask,
-                          this->chunks[2] == mask, this->chunks[3] == mask)
-        .to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t eq(const simd8x64<uint8_t> &other) const {
-    return simd8x64<bool>(this->chunks[0] == other.chunks[0],
-                          this->chunks[1] == other.chunks[1],
-                          this->chunks[2] == other.chunks[2],
-                          this->chunks[3] == other.chunks[3])
-        .to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lteq(const T m) const {
-    const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-    return simd8x64<bool>(this->chunks[0] <= mask, this->chunks[1] <= mask,
-                          this->chunks[2] <= mask, this->chunks[3] <= mask)
-        .to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[0] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[1] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[2] >= mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] <= mask_high) & (this->chunks[3] >= mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t not_in_range(const T low, const T high) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask_low = simd8<T>::splat(low);
-      const simd8<T> mask_high = simd8<T>::splat(high);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        (this->chunks[0] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[0] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[1] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[1] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[2] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[2] < mask_low),
-        (this->chunks[3] > mask_high) | (this->chunks[3] < mask_low)
-      ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t lt(const T m) const {
-    const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-    return simd8x64<bool>(this->chunks[0] < mask, this->chunks[1] < mask,
-                          this->chunks[2] < mask, this->chunks[3] < mask)
-        .to_bitmask();
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gt(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] > mask,
-        this->chunks[1] > mask,
-        this->chunks[2] > mask,
-        this->chunks[3] > mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq(const T m) const {
-      const simd8<T> mask = simd8<T>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        this->chunks[0] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[1] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[2] >= mask,
-        this->chunks[3] >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline uint64_t gteq_unsigned(const uint8_t m) const {
-      const simd8<uint8_t> mask = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(m);
-      return  simd8x64<bool>(
-        simd8<uint8_t>(this->chunks[0]) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(this->chunks[1]) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(this->chunks[2]) >= mask,
-        simd8<uint8_t>(this->chunks[3]) >= mask
-      ).to_bitmask();
-  }
-}; // struct simd8x64<T>
-
-} // namespace simd
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_PPC64_SIMD_INPUT_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/simd.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_PPC64_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_RVV_H
-#define SIMDUTF_RVV_H
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#error "rvv.h must be included before fallback.h"
-#endif
-
-
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV SIMDUTF_IS_RVV
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV (SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV || (SIMDUTF_IS_RISCV64 && SIMDUTF_HAS_RVV_INTRINSICS && SIMDUTF_HAS_RVV_TARGET_REGION))
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_RVV
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_RVV SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION("arch=+v")
-#endif
-#if !SIMDUTF_IS_ZVBB && SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_ZVBB SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION("arch=+v,+zvbb")
-#endif
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace rvv {
-} // namespace rvv
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_RVV_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_RVV_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace rvv {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-} // namespace
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation()
-      : simdutf::implementation("rvv", "RISC-V Vector Extension",
-                                 internal::instruction_set::RVV)
-      , _supports_zvbb(internal::detect_supported_architectures() & internal::instruction_set::ZVBB)
-  {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t *buf, size_t len, char16_t *output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-private:
-  const bool _supports_zvbb;
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IS_ZVBB
-  bool supports_zvbb() const { return true; }
-#elif SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-  bool supports_zvbb() const { return _supports_zvbb; }
-#else
-  bool supports_zvbb() const { return false; }
-#endif
-};
-
-} // namespace rvv
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_RVV_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/implementation.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "rvv"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION rvv
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_RVV
-#endif
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/begin.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/intrinsics.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_RVV_INTRINSICS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_RVV_INTRINSICS_H
-
-
-#include <riscv_vector.h>
-
-#if __riscv_v_intrinsic >= 1000000 ||  __GCC__ >= 14
-#define simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x2(tbl, idx) __riscv_vcreate_v_u8m1_u8m2( \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(idx, 0), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()), \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(idx, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()));
-
-#define simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x4(tbl, idx) __riscv_vcreate_v_u8m1_u8m4( \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 0), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()), \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()), \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 2), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()), \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 3), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()));
-#else
-// This has worse codegen on gcc
-#define simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x2(tbl, idx) \
-        __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m2(__riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8m1_u8m2( \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(idx, 0), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1())), 1, \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(idx, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()))
-
-#define simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x4(tbl, idx) \
-        __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m4(__riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m4(\
-        __riscv_vset_v_u8m1_u8m4(__riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8m1_u8m4( \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 0), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1())), 1, \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 1), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1())), 2, \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 2), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1())), 3, \
-        __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(tbl, __riscv_vget_v_u8m4_u8m1(idx, 3), __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m1()))
-#endif
-
-/* Zvbb adds dedicated support for endianness swaps with vrev8, but if we can't
- * use that, we have to emulate it with the standard V extension.
- * Using LMUL=1 vrgathers could be faster than the srl+macc variant, but that
- * would increase register pressure, and vrgather implementations performance
- * varies a lot. */
-enum class simdutf_ByteFlip { NONE, V, ZVBB };
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip method>
-simdutf_really_inline static uint16_t simdutf_byteflip(uint16_t v) {
-  if (method != simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE)
-    return (uint16_t)((v*1u) << 8 | (v*1u) >> 8);
-  return v;
-}
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_TARGET_ZVBB
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_ZVBB
-#endif
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip method>
-simdutf_really_inline static vuint16m1_t simdutf_byteflip(vuint16m1_t v, size_t vl) {
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB)
-    return __riscv_vrev8_v_u16m1(v, vl);
-#endif
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::V)
-    return __riscv_vmacc_vx_u16m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m1(v, 8, vl), 0x100, v, vl);
-  return v;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip method>
-simdutf_really_inline static vuint16m2_t simdutf_byteflip(vuint16m2_t v, size_t vl) {
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB)
-    return __riscv_vrev8_v_u16m2(v, vl);
-#endif
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::V)
-    return __riscv_vmacc_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(v, 8, vl), 0x100, v, vl);
-  return v;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip method>
-simdutf_really_inline static vuint16m4_t simdutf_byteflip(vuint16m4_t v, size_t vl) {
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB)
-    return __riscv_vrev8_v_u16m4(v, vl);
-#endif
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::V)
-    return __riscv_vmacc_vx_u16m4(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m4(v, 8, vl), 0x100, v, vl);
-  return v;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip method>
-simdutf_really_inline static vuint16m8_t simdutf_byteflip(vuint16m8_t v, size_t vl) {
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB)
-    return __riscv_vrev8_v_u16m8(v, vl);
-#endif
-  if (method == simdutf_ByteFlip::V)
-    return __riscv_vmacc_vx_u16m8(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m8(v, 8, vl), 0x100, v, vl);
-  return v;
-}
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_TARGET_ZVBB
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_RVV
-#endif
-
-#endif //  SIMDUTF_RVV_INTRINSICS_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/intrinsics.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_RVV_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv.h */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-#define SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-
-
-// Note that fallback.h is always imported last.
-
-// Default Fallback to on unless a builtin implementation has already been selected.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ARM64 || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_PPC64 || SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK 0
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK 1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#define SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_FALLBACK (SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK)
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-
-namespace simdutf {
-/**
- * Fallback implementation (runs on any machine).
- */
-namespace fallback {
-} // namespace fallback
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace fallback {
-
-namespace {
-using namespace simdutf;
-}
-
-class implementation final : public simdutf::implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation() : simdutf::implementation(
-      "fallback",
-      "Generic fallback implementation",
-      0
-  ) {}
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept final;
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept final;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept;
-};
-} // namespace fallback
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/implementation.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "fallback"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION fallback
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/begin.h */
-
-// Declarations
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/bitmanipulation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_BITMANIPULATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_BITMANIPULATION_H
-
-#include <limits>
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace fallback {
-namespace {
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace fallback
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_BITMANIPULATION_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/bitmanipulation.h */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/end.h */
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-#endif // SIMDUTF_FALLBACK_H
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8 {
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK || SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-// only used by the fallback kernel.
-// credit: based on code from Google Fuchsia (Apache Licensed)
-inline simdutf_warn_unused bool validate(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  uint64_t pos = 0;
-  uint32_t code_point = 0;
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // check of the next 16 bytes are ascii.
-    uint64_t next_pos = pos + 16;
-    if (next_pos <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      std::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      std::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        pos = next_pos;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    unsigned char byte = data[pos];
-
-    while (byte < 0b10000000) {
-      if (++pos == len) { return true; }
-      byte = data[pos];
-    }
-
-    if ((byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      next_pos = pos + 2;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      // range check
-      code_point = (byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if ((code_point < 0x80) || (0x7ff < code_point)) { return false; }
-    } else if ((byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      next_pos = pos + 3;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      // range check
-      code_point = (byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if ((code_point < 0x800) || (0xffff < code_point) ||
-          (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    } else if ((byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      next_pos = pos + 4;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return false; }
-      // range check
-      code_point =
-          (byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff || 0x10ffff < code_point) { return false; }
-    } else {
-      // we may have a continuation
-      return false;
-    }
-    pos = next_pos;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-#endif
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused result validate_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  uint32_t code_point = 0;
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // check of the next 16 bytes are ascii.
-    size_t next_pos = pos + 16;
-    if (next_pos <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      std::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      std::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        pos = next_pos;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    unsigned char byte = data[pos];
-
-    while (byte < 0b10000000) {
-      if (++pos == len) { return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len); }
-      byte = data[pos];
-    }
-
-    if ((byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      next_pos = pos + 2;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      code_point = (byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if ((code_point < 0x80) || (0x7ff < code_point)) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-    } else if ((byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      next_pos = pos + 3;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      code_point = (byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if ((code_point < 0x800) || (0xffff < code_point)) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos);}
-      if (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-    } else if ((byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      next_pos = pos + 4;
-      if (next_pos > len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      code_point =
-          (byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      if (0x10ffff < code_point) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-    } else {
-      // we either have too many continuation bytes or an invalid leading byte
-      if ((byte & 0b11000000) == 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, pos); }
-      else { return result(error_code::HEADER_BITS, pos); }
-    }
-    pos = next_pos;
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-}
-
-// Finds the previous leading byte starting backward from buf and validates with errors from there
-// Used to pinpoint the location of an error when an invalid chunk is detected
-// We assume that the stream starts with a leading byte, and to check that it is the case, we
-// ask that you pass a pointer to the start of the stream (start).
-inline simdutf_warn_unused result rewind_and_validate_with_errors(const char *start, const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-    // First check that we start with a leading byte
-  if ((*start & 0b11000000) == 0b10000000) {
-    return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, 0);
-  }
-  size_t extra_len{0};
-  // A leading byte cannot be further than 4 bytes away
-  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-    unsigned char byte = *buf;
-    if ((byte & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) {
-      break;
-    } else {
-      buf--;
-      extra_len++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  result res = validate_with_errors(buf, len + extra_len);
-  res.count -= extra_len;
-  return res;
-}
-
-inline size_t count_code_points(const char* buf, size_t len) {
-    const int8_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(buf);
-    size_t counter{0};
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        // -65 is 0b10111111, anything larger in two-complement's should start a new code point.
-        if(p[i] > -65) { counter++; }
-    }
-    return counter;
-}
-
-inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) {
-    const int8_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(buf);
-    size_t counter{0};
-    for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        if(p[i] > -65) { counter++; }
-        if(uint8_t(p[i]) >= 240) { counter++; }
-    }
-    return counter;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused inline size_t trim_partial_utf8(const char *input, size_t length) {
-  if (length < 3) {
-    switch (length) {
-      case 2:
-        if (uint8_t(input[length-1]) >= 0xc0) { return length-1; } // 2-, 3- and 4-byte characters with only 1 byte left
-        if (uint8_t(input[length-2]) >= 0xe0) { return length-2; } // 3- and 4-byte characters with only 2 bytes left
-        return length;
-      case 1:
-        if (uint8_t(input[length-1]) >= 0xc0) { return length-1; } // 2-, 3- and 4-byte characters with only 1 byte left
-        return length;
-      case 0:
-        return length;
-    }
-  }
-  if (uint8_t(input[length-1]) >= 0xc0) { return length-1; } // 2-, 3- and 4-byte characters with only 1 byte left
-  if (uint8_t(input[length-2]) >= 0xe0) { return length-2; } // 3- and 4-byte characters with only 1 byte left
-  if (uint8_t(input[length-3]) >= 0xf0) { return length-3; } // 4-byte characters with only 3 bytes left
-  return length;
-}
-
-} // utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16 {
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused uint16_t swap_bytes(const uint16_t word) {
-  return uint16_t((word >> 8) | (word << 8));
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline simdutf_warn_unused bool validate(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  uint64_t pos = 0;
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word &0xF800) == 0xD800) {
-        if(pos + 1 >= len) { return false; }
-        uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-        if(diff > 0x3FF) { return false; }
-        uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-        uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-        if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return false; }
-        pos += 2;
-    } else {
-        pos++;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline simdutf_warn_unused result validate_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xF800) == 0xD800) {
-        if(pos + 1 >= len) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-        uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-        if(diff > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-        uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-        uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-        if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-        pos += 2;
-    } else {
-        pos++;
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t count_code_points(const char16_t* buf, size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  const uint16_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t counter{0};
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(p[i]) : p[i];
-    counter += ((word & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00);
-  }
-  return counter;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* buf, size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  const uint16_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t counter{0};
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(p[i]) : p[i];
-    counter++;                                      // ASCII
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>(word > 0x7F);    // non-ASCII is at least 2 bytes, surrogates are 2*2 == 4 bytes
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>((word > 0x7FF && word <= 0xD7FF) || (word >= 0xE000));   // three-byte
-  }
-  return counter;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* buf, size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  const uint16_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t counter{0};
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(p[i]) : p[i];
-    counter += ((word & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00);
-  }
-  return counter;
-}
-
-
-inline size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t len) {
-  return len;
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size, char16_t* out) {
-  const uint16_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in);
-  uint16_t * output = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(out);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    *output++ = uint16_t(input[i] >> 8 | input[i] << 8);
-  }
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_warn_unused inline size_t trim_partial_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t length) {
-  if (length <= 1) {
-    return length;
-  }
-  uint16_t last_word = uint16_t(input[length-1]);
-  last_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? swap_bytes(last_word) : last_word;
-  length -= ((last_word & 0xFC00) == 0xD800);
-  return length;
-}
-
-} // utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32 {
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused bool validate(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  uint64_t pos = 0;
-  for(;pos < len; pos++) {
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if(word > 0x10FFFF || (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused result validate_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  for(;pos < len; pos++) {
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if(word > 0x10FFFF) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos);
-    }
-    if(word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) {
-        return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos);
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, pos);
-}
-
-inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t* buf, size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  const uint32_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t counter{0};
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    // credit: @ttsugriy  for the vectorizable approach
-    counter++;                                      // ASCII
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>(p[i] > 0x7F);    // two-byte
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>(p[i] > 0x7FF);   // three-byte
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>(p[i] > 0xFFFF);  // four-bytes
-  }
-  return counter;
-}
-
-inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t* buf, size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  const uint32_t * p = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t counter{0};
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    counter++;                                      // non-surrogate word
-    counter += static_cast<size_t>(p[i] > 0xFFFF);  // surrogate pair
-  }
-  return counter;
-}
-
-inline size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  return len; // a utf32 codepoint will always represent 1 latin1 character
-}
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused uint32_t swap_bytes(const uint32_t word) {
-  return ((word >> 24) & 0xff) |      // move byte 3 to byte 0
-         ((word << 8) & 0xff0000) |   // move byte 1 to byte 2
-         ((word >> 8) & 0xff00) |     // move byte 2 to byte 1
-         ((word << 24) & 0xff000000); // byte 0 to byte 3
-}
-
-} // utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/base64.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_BASE64_H
-#define SIMDUTF_BASE64_H
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace base64 {
-
-// This function is not expected to be fast. Do not use in long loops.
-template <class char_type>
-bool is_ascii_white_space(char_type c) {
-  return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\f';
-}
-
-// Returns true upon success. The destination buffer must be large enough.
-// This functions assumes that the padding (=) has been removed.
-template <class char_type>
-result base64_tail_decode(char *dst, const char_type *src, size_t length, base64_options options) {
-  // This looks like 5 branches, but we expect the compiler to resolve this to a single branch:
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  const uint32_t *d0 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d0 : tables::base64::base64_default::d0;
-  const uint32_t *d1 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d1 : tables::base64::base64_default::d1;
-  const uint32_t *d2 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d2 : tables::base64::base64_default::d2;
-  const uint32_t *d3 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d3 : tables::base64::base64_default::d3;
-
-  const char_type *srcend = src + length;
-  const char_type *srcinit = src;
-  const char *dstinit = dst;
-
-  uint32_t x;
-  size_t idx;
-  uint8_t buffer[4];
-  while (true) {
-    while (src + 4 <= srcend &&
-           (x = d0[uint8_t(src[0])] | d1[uint8_t(src[1])] |
-                d2[uint8_t(src[2])] | d3[uint8_t(src[3])]) < 0x01FFFFFF) {
-      if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-        x = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(x);
-      }
-      std::memcpy(dst, &x, 3); // optimization opportunity: copy 4 bytes
-      dst += 3;
-      src += 4;
-    }
-    idx = 0;
-    // we need at least four characters.
-    while (idx < 4 && src < srcend) {
-      char_type c = *src;
-      uint8_t code = to_base64[uint8_t(c)];
-      buffer[idx] = uint8_t(code);
-      if (code <= 63) {
-        idx++;
-      } else if (code > 64) {
-        return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      } else {
-        // We have a space or a newline. We ignore it.
-      }
-      src++;
-    }
-    if (idx != 4) {
-      if (idx == 2) {
-        uint32_t triple =
-            (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-          triple <<= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        } else {
-          triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-          triple >>= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        }
-        dst += 1;
-
-      } else if (idx == 3) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-          triple <<= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        } else {
-          triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-          triple >>= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        }
-        dst += 2;
-      } else if (idx == 1) {
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-
-    uint32_t triple =
-        (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-        (uint32_t(buffer[2]) << 1 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[3]) << 0 * 6);
-    if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-      triple <<= 8;
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-    } else {
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      triple >>= 8;
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-    }
-    dst += 3;
-  }
-}
-
-// like base64_tail_decode, but it will not write past the end of the ouput buffer.
-// outlen is modified to reflect the number of bytes written.
-// This functions assumes that the padding (=) has been removed.
-template <class char_type>
-result base64_tail_decode_safe(char *dst, size_t& outlen, const char_type *src, size_t length, base64_options options) {
-  // This looks like 5 branches, but we expect the compiler to resolve this to a single branch:
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  const uint32_t *d0 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d0 : tables::base64::base64_default::d0;
-  const uint32_t *d1 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d1 : tables::base64::base64_default::d1;
-  const uint32_t *d2 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d2 : tables::base64::base64_default::d2;
-  const uint32_t *d3 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::d3 : tables::base64::base64_default::d3;
-
-  const char_type *srcend = src + length;
-  const char_type *srcinit = src;
-  const char *dstinit = dst;
-  const char *dstend = dst + outlen;
-
-  uint32_t x;
-  size_t idx;
-  uint8_t buffer[4];
-  while (true) {
-    while (src + 4 <= srcend &&
-           (x = d0[uint8_t(src[0])] | d1[uint8_t(src[1])] |
-                d2[uint8_t(src[2])] | d3[uint8_t(src[3])]) < 0x01FFFFFF) {
-      if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-        x = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(x);
-      }
-      if(dst + 3 > dstend) {
-        outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-        return {OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      std::memcpy(dst, &x, 3); // optimization opportunity: copy 4 bytes
-      dst += 3;
-      src += 4;
-    }
-    idx = 0;
-    const char_type *srccur = src;
-
-    // we need at least four characters.
-    while (idx < 4 && src < srcend) {
-      char_type c = *src;
-      uint8_t code = to_base64[uint8_t(c)];
-      buffer[idx] = uint8_t(code);
-      if (code <= 63) {
-        idx++;
-      } else if (code > 64) {
-        outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-        return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      } else {
-        // We have a space or a newline. We ignore it.
-      }
-      src++;
-    }
-    if (idx != 4) {
-      if (idx == 2) {
-        if(dst == dstend) {
-          outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-          return {OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, size_t(srccur - srcinit)};
-        }
-        uint32_t triple =
-            (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-          triple <<= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        } else {
-          triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-          triple >>= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        }
-        dst += 1;
-
-      } else if (idx == 3) {
-        if(dst + 2 >= dstend) {
-          outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-          return {OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, size_t(srccur - srcinit)};
-        }
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-          triple <<= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        } else {
-          triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-          triple >>= 8;
-          std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        }
-        dst += 2;
-      } else if (idx == 1) {
-        outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-      return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-    if(dst + 3 >= dstend) {
-      outlen = size_t(dst - dstinit);
-      return {OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, size_t(srccur - srcinit)};
-    }
-    uint32_t triple =
-        (uint32_t(buffer[0]) << 3 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-        (uint32_t(buffer[2]) << 1 * 6) + (uint32_t(buffer[3]) << 0 * 6);
-    if(match_system(endianness::BIG)) {
-      triple <<= 8;
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-    } else {
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      triple >>= 8;
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-    }
-    dst += 3;
-  }
-}
-
-// Returns the number of bytes written. The destination buffer must be large
-// enough. It will add padding (=) if needed.
-size_t tail_encode_base64(char *dst, const char *src, size_t srclen, base64_options options) {
-  // This looks like 3 branches, but we expect the compiler to resolve this to a single branch:
-  const char *e0 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::e0 : tables::base64::base64_default::e0;
-  const char *e1 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::e1 : tables::base64::base64_default::e1;
-  const char *e2 = (options & base64_url) ? tables::base64::base64_url::e2 : tables::base64::base64_default::e2;
-  char *out = dst;
-  size_t i = 0;
-  uint8_t t1, t2, t3;
-  for (; i + 2 < srclen; i += 3) {
-    t1 = uint8_t(src[i]);
-    t2 = uint8_t(src[i + 1]);
-    t3 = uint8_t(src[i + 2]);
-    *out++ = e0[t1];
-    *out++ = e1[((t1 & 0x03) << 4) | ((t2 >> 4) & 0x0F)];
-    *out++ = e1[((t2 & 0x0F) << 2) | ((t3 >> 6) & 0x03)];
-    *out++ = e2[t3];
-  }
-  switch (srclen - i) {
-  case 0:
-    break;
-  case 1:
-    t1 = uint8_t(src[i]);
-    *out++ = e0[t1];
-    *out++ = e1[(t1 & 0x03) << 4];
-    if((options & base64_url) == 0) {
-      *out++ = '=';
-      *out++ = '=';
-    }
-    break;
-  default: /* case 2 */
-    t1 = uint8_t(src[i]);
-    t2 = uint8_t(src[i + 1]);
-    *out++ = e0[t1];
-    *out++ = e1[((t1 & 0x03) << 4) | ((t2 >> 4) & 0x0F)];
-    *out++ = e2[(t2 & 0x0F) << 2];
-    if((options & base64_url) == 0) {
-      *out++ = '=';
-    }
-  }
-  return (size_t)(out - dst);
-}
-
-template <class char_type>
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char_type * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  // We follow https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
-  size_t padding = 0;
-  if(length > 0) {
-    if(input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      padding++;
-      if(length > 1 && input[length - 2] == '=') {
-        padding++;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  size_t actual_length = length - padding;
-  if(actual_length % 4 <= 1) {
-    return actual_length / 4 * 3;
-  }
-  // if we have a valid input, then the remainder must be 2 or 3 adding one or two extra bytes.
-  return  actual_length / 4 * 3 + (actual_length %4)  - 1;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  if(options & base64_url) {
-    return length/3 * 4 + ((length % 3) ? (length % 3) + 1 : 0);
-  }
-  return (length + 2)/3 * 4; // We use padding to make the length a multiple of 4.
-}
-
-} // namespace base64
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/base64.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-bool implementation::supported_by_runtime_system() const {
-  uint32_t required_instruction_sets = this->required_instruction_sets();
-  uint32_t supported_instruction_sets = internal::detect_supported_architectures();
-  return ((supported_instruction_sets & required_instruction_sets) == required_instruction_sets);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused encoding_type implementation::autodetect_encoding(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-    // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-    auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-    if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-    // UTF8 is common, it includes ASCII, and is commonly represented
-    // without a BOM, so if it fits, go with that. Note that it is still
-    // possible to get it wrong, we are only 'guessing'. If some has UTF-16
-    // data without a BOM, it could pass as UTF-8.
-    //
-    // An interesting twist might be to check for UTF-16 ASCII first (every
-    // other byte is zero).
-    if(validate_utf8(input, length)) { return encoding_type::UTF8; }
-    // The next most common encoding that might appear without BOM is probably
-    // UTF-16LE, so try that next.
-    if((length % 2) == 0) {
-      // important: we need to divide by two
-      if(validate_utf16le(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(input), length/2)) { return encoding_type::UTF16_LE; }
-    }
-    if((length % 4) == 0) {
-      if(validate_utf32(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(input), length/4)) { return encoding_type::UTF32_LE; }
-    }
-    return encoding_type::unspecified;
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-// When there is a single implementation, we should not pay a price
- // for dispatching to the best implementation. We should just use the
- // one we have. This is a compile-time check.
- #define SIMDUTF_SINGLE_IMPLEMENTATION (SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE \
-              + SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL + SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE \
-              + SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64 + SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64 \
-              + SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK == 1)
-
-// Static array of known implementations. We're hoping these get baked into the executable
-// without requiring a static initializer.
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-static const icelake::implementation* get_icelake_singleton() {
-  static const icelake::implementation icelake_singleton{};
-  return &icelake_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-static const haswell::implementation* get_haswell_singleton() {
-  static const haswell::implementation haswell_singleton{};
-  return &haswell_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-static const westmere::implementation* get_westmere_singleton() {
-  static const westmere::implementation westmere_singleton{};
-  return &westmere_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-static const arm64::implementation* get_arm64_singleton() {
-  static const arm64::implementation arm64_singleton{};
-  return &arm64_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-static const ppc64::implementation* get_ppc64_singleton() {
-  static const ppc64::implementation ppc64_singleton{};
-  return &ppc64_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-static const rvv::implementation* get_rvv_singleton() {
-  static const rvv::implementation rvv_singleton{};
-  return &rvv_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-static const fallback::implementation* get_fallback_singleton() {
-  static const fallback::implementation fallback_singleton{};
-  return &fallback_singleton;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_SINGLE_IMPLEMENTATION
-static const implementation* get_single_implementation() {
-    return
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-    get_icelake_singleton();
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-    get_haswell_singleton();
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-    get_westmere_singleton();
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-    get_arm64_singleton();
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-    get_ppc64_singleton();
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-    get_fallback_singleton();
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
-/**
- * @private Detects best supported implementation on first use, and sets it
- */
-class detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use final : public implementation {
-public:
-  std::string name() const noexcept final { return set_best()->name(); }
-  std::string description() const noexcept final { return set_best()->description(); }
-  uint32_t required_instruction_sets() const noexcept final { return set_best()->required_instruction_sets(); }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->detect_encodings(input, length);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf8(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf8_with_errors(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_ascii(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_ascii_with_errors(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf16le(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf16be(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf32(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->validate_utf32_with_errors(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_latin1_to_utf8(buf, len,utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_latin1_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_latin1_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t * latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept  final override {
-  return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  }
-
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t * output) const noexcept final override {
-    set_best()->change_endianness_utf16(buf, len, output);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->count_utf16le(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->count_utf16be(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept final override {
-    return set_best()->count_utf8(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->latin1_length_from_utf8(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->latin1_length_from_utf16(len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->latin1_length_from_utf32(len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf8_length_from_latin1(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf8_length_from_utf16le(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf8_length_from_utf16be(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf16_length_from_latin1(len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf32_length_from_latin1(len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf32_length_from_utf16le(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf32_length_from_utf16be(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf16_length_from_utf8(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf8_length_from_utf32(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf16_length_from_utf32(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->utf32_length_from_utf8(buf, len);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->base64_to_binary(input, length, output, options);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->base64_to_binary(input, length, output, options);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-  }
-
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept override {
-    return set_best()->binary_to_base64(input, length, output, options);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use() noexcept : implementation("best_supported_detector", "Detects the best supported implementation and sets it", 0) {}
-
-private:
-  const implementation *set_best() const noexcept;
-};
-
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use>::value, "detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use should be trivially destructible");
-
-static const std::initializer_list<const implementation *>& get_available_implementation_pointers() {
-  static const std::initializer_list<const implementation *> available_implementation_pointers {
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-    get_icelake_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-    get_haswell_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-    get_westmere_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-    get_arm64_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-    get_ppc64_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-    get_rvv_singleton(),
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-    get_fallback_singleton(),
-#endif
-  }; // available_implementation_pointers
-  return available_implementation_pointers;
-}
-
-// So we can return UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE from the parser when there is no support
-class unsupported_implementation final : public implementation {
-public:
-  simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return encoding_type::unspecified;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return false; // Just refuse to validate. Given that we have a fallback implementation
-    // it seems unlikely that unsupported_implementation will ever be used. If it is used,
-    // then it will flag all strings as invalid. The alternative is to return an error_code
-    // from which the user has to figure out whether the string is valid UTF-8... which seems
-    // like a lot of work just to handle the very unlikely case that we have an unsupported
-    // implementation. And, when it does happen (that we have an unsupported implementation),
-    // what are the chances that the programmer has a fallback? Given that *we* provide the
-    // fallback, it implies that the programmer would need a fallback for our fallback.
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t*, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *, size_t, char* ) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *, size_t, char* ) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *, size_t, char* ) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t*, size_t, char*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t*, size_t, char16_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t*, size_t, char32_t*) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t *, size_t, char16_t *) const noexcept final override {
-
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char *, size_t) const noexcept final override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char *, size_t, char*, base64_options) const noexcept override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t *, size_t) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t *, size_t, char*, base64_options) const noexcept override {
-    return result(error_code::OTHER, 0);
-  }
-
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t, base64_options) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  size_t binary_to_base64(const char *, size_t, char*, base64_options) const noexcept override {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  unsupported_implementation() : implementation("unsupported", "Unsupported CPU (no detected SIMD instructions)", 0) {}
-};
-
-const unsupported_implementation* get_unsupported_singleton() {
-    static const unsupported_implementation unsupported_singleton{};
-    return &unsupported_singleton;
-}
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<unsupported_implementation>::value, "unsupported_singleton should be trivially destructible");
-
-size_t available_implementation_list::size() const noexcept {
-  return internal::get_available_implementation_pointers().size();
-}
-const implementation * const *available_implementation_list::begin() const noexcept {
-  return internal::get_available_implementation_pointers().begin();
-}
-const implementation * const *available_implementation_list::end() const noexcept {
-  return internal::get_available_implementation_pointers().end();
-}
-const implementation *available_implementation_list::detect_best_supported() const noexcept {
-  // They are prelisted in priority order, so we just go down the list
-  uint32_t supported_instruction_sets = internal::detect_supported_architectures();
-  for (const implementation *impl : internal::get_available_implementation_pointers()) {
-    uint32_t required_instruction_sets = impl->required_instruction_sets();
-    if ((supported_instruction_sets & required_instruction_sets) == required_instruction_sets) { return impl; }
-  }
-  return get_unsupported_singleton(); // this should never happen?
-}
-
-const implementation *detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use::set_best() const noexcept {
-  SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-  SIMDUTF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNING // Disable CRT_SECURE warning on MSVC: manually verified this is safe
-  char *force_implementation_name = getenv("SIMDUTF_FORCE_IMPLEMENTATION");
-  SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-
-  if (force_implementation_name) {
-    auto force_implementation = get_available_implementations()[force_implementation_name];
-    if (force_implementation) {
-      return get_active_implementation() = force_implementation;
-    } else {
-      // Note: abort() and stderr usage within the library is forbidden.
-      return get_active_implementation() = get_unsupported_singleton();
-    }
-  }
-  return get_active_implementation() = get_available_implementations().detect_best_supported();
-}
-
-} // namespace internal
-
-
-
-/**
- * The list of available implementations compiled into simdutf.
- */
-SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT const internal::available_implementation_list& get_available_implementations() {
-  static const internal::available_implementation_list available_implementations{};
-  return available_implementations;
-}
-
-/**
- * The active implementation.
- */
-SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT internal::atomic_ptr<const implementation>& get_active_implementation() {
-#if SIMDUTF_SINGLE_IMPLEMENTATION
-    // skip runtime detection
-    static internal::atomic_ptr<const implementation> active_implementation{internal::get_single_implementation()};
-    return active_implementation;
-#else
-    static const internal::detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use_singleton;
-    static internal::atomic_ptr<const implementation> active_implementation{&detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use_singleton};
-    return active_implementation;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_SINGLE_IMPLEMENTATION
-const implementation * get_default_implementation() {
-  return internal::get_single_implementation();
-}
-#else
-internal::atomic_ptr<const implementation>& get_default_implementation() {
-  return get_active_implementation();
-}
-#endif
-#define SIMDUTF_GET_CURRENT_IMPLEMENTION
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf8(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf8_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_ascii(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_ascii_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf8_to_utf16be(input, length, utf16_output);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf8_to_utf16le(input, length, utf16_output);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_latin1_to_utf8(buf, len,utf8_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_latin1_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept{
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_latin1_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t * latin1_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len,latin1_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(buf, len,latin1_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf16le(input, length, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf16be(input, length, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(input, length, utf16_output);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(input, length, utf16_output);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(input, length, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(input, length, utf16_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf32(input, length, utf32_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(input, length, utf32_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return validate_utf16be(buf, len);
-  #else
-  return validate_utf16le(buf, len);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf16le(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf16be(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return validate_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len);
-  #else
-  return validate_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf32(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->validate_utf32_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(input, length, utf16_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(input, length, utf16_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(input, length, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(input, length, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(input, length, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_latin1_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  #else
-  return convert_latin1_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_latin1(input, length, latin1_output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #else
-  return convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_buffer);
-}
-void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) noexcept {
-  get_default_implementation()->change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return count_utf16be(input, length);
-  #else
-  return count_utf16le(input, length);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->count_utf16le(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->count_utf16be(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->count_utf8(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->latin1_length_from_utf8(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->latin1_length_from_utf16(len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->latin1_length_from_utf32(len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf8_length_from_latin1(buf, len);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return utf8_length_from_utf16be(input, length);
-  #else
-  return utf8_length_from_utf16le(input, length);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf8_length_from_utf16le(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf8_length_from_utf16be(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return utf32_length_from_utf16be(input, length);
-  #else
-  return utf32_length_from_utf16le(input, length);
-  #endif
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf32_length_from_utf16le(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf32_length_from_utf16be(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf8_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf16_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->utf32_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->base64_to_binary(input, length, output, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->base64_to_binary(input, length, output, options);
-}
-
-template <typename chartype>
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary_safe_impl(const chartype * input, size_t length, char* output, size_t& outlen, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  static_assert(std::is_same<chartype, char>::value || std::is_same<chartype, char16_t>::value, "Only char and char16_t are supported.");
-  // The implementation could be nicer, but we expect that most times, the user
-  // will provide us with a buffer that is large enough.
-  size_t max_length = maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-  if(outlen >= max_length) {
-    // fast path
-    result r = base64_to_binary(input, length, output, options);
-    if(r.error != error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) { outlen = r.count; r.count = length; }
-    return r;
-  }
-  // The output buffer is maybe too small. We will decode a truncated version of the input.
-  size_t outlen3 = outlen / 3 * 3; // round down to multiple of 3
-  size_t safe_input = base64_length_from_binary(outlen3, options);
-  result r = base64_to_binary(input, safe_input, output, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) { return r; }
-  size_t offset = (r.error == error_code::BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER) ? 1 :
-    ((r.count % 3) == 0 ? 0 : (r.count % 3) + 1);
-  size_t output_index = r.count - (r.count % 3);
-  size_t input_index = safe_input;
-  // offset is a value that is no larger than 3. We backtrack
-  // by up to offset characters + an undetermined number of
-  // white space characters. It is expected that the next loop
-  // runs at most 3 times + the number of white space characters
-  // in between them, so we are not worried about performance.
-  while(offset > 0 && input_index > 0) {
-    chartype c = input[--input_index];
-    if(scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(c)){
-      // skipping
-    } else {
-      offset--;
-    }
-  }
-  size_t remaining_out = outlen - output_index;
-  const chartype * tail_input = input + input_index;
-  size_t tail_length = length - input_index;
-  while(tail_length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(tail_input[tail_length - 1])) {
-    tail_length--;
-  }
-  size_t padding_characts = 0;
-  if(tail_length > 0 && tail_input[tail_length - 1] == '=') {
-    tail_length--;
-    padding_characts++;
-    while(tail_length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(tail_input[tail_length - 1])) {
-      tail_length--;
-    }
-    if(tail_length > 0 && tail_input[tail_length - 1] == '=') {
-      tail_length--;
-      padding_characts++;
-    }
-  }
-  r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode_safe(output + output_index, remaining_out, tail_input, tail_length, options);
-  outlen = output_index + remaining_out;
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && padding_characts > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((outlen % 3 == 0) || ((outlen % 3) + 1 + padding_characts != 4)) {
-      r.error = error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER;
-    }
-  }
-  r.count += input_index;
-  return r;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary_safe(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, size_t& outlen, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return base64_to_binary_safe_impl<char>(input, length, output, outlen, options);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary_safe(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, size_t& outlen, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return base64_to_binary_safe_impl<char16_t>(input, length, output, outlen, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->binary_to_base64(input, length, output, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused simdutf::encoding_type autodetect_encoding(const char * buf, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->autodetect_encoding(buf, length);
-}
-simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * buf, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return get_default_implementation()->detect_encodings(buf, length);
-}
-const implementation * builtin_implementation() {
-  static const implementation * builtin_impl = get_available_implementations()[SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY(SIMDUTF_BUILTIN_IMPLEMENTATION)];
-  return builtin_impl;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf8(const char *input, size_t length) {
-  return scalar::utf8::trim_partial_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16be(const char16_t* input, size_t length) {
-  return scalar::utf16::trim_partial_utf16<BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16le(const char16_t* input, size_t length) {
-  return scalar::utf16::trim_partial_utf16<LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t length) {
-  #if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-  return trim_partial_utf16be(input, length);
-  #else
-  return trim_partial_utf16le(input, length);
-  #endif
-}
-
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* end file src/implementation.cpp */
-/* begin file src/encoding_types.cpp */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-bool match_system(endianness e) {
-#if SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
-    return e == endianness::BIG;
-#else
-    return e == endianness::LITTLE;
-#endif
-}
-
-std::string to_string(encoding_type bom) {
-  switch (bom) {
-      case UTF16_LE:     return "UTF16 little-endian";
-      case UTF16_BE:     return "UTF16 big-endian";
-      case UTF32_LE:     return "UTF32 little-endian";
-      case UTF32_BE:     return "UTF32 big-endian";
-      case UTF8:         return "UTF8";
-      case unspecified:  return "unknown";
-      default:           return "error";
-  }
-}
-
-namespace BOM {
-// Note that BOM for UTF8 is discouraged.
-encoding_type check_bom(const uint8_t* byte, size_t length) {
-        if (length >= 2 && byte[0] == 0xff and byte[1] == 0xfe) {
-            if (length >= 4 && byte[2] == 0x00 and byte[3] == 0x0) {
-                return encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-            } else {
-                return encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-            }
-        } else if (length >= 2 && byte[0] == 0xfe and byte[1] == 0xff) {
-            return encoding_type::UTF16_BE;
-        } else if (length >= 4 && byte[0] == 0x00 and byte[1] == 0x00 and byte[2] == 0xfe and byte[3] == 0xff) {
-            return encoding_type::UTF32_BE;
-        } else if (length >= 4 && byte[0] == 0xef and byte[1] == 0xbb and byte[2] == 0xbf) {
-            return encoding_type::UTF8;
-        }
-        return encoding_type::unspecified;
-    }
-
-encoding_type check_bom(const char* byte, size_t length) {
-      return check_bom(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(byte), length);
- }
-
- size_t bom_byte_size(encoding_type bom) {
-        switch (bom) {
-            case UTF16_LE:     return 2;
-            case UTF16_BE:     return 2;
-            case UTF32_LE:     return 4;
-            case UTF32_BE:     return 4;
-            case UTF8:         return 3;
-            case unspecified:  return 0;
-            default:           return 0;
-        }
-}
-
-}
-}
-/* end file src/encoding_types.cpp */
-/* begin file src/error.cpp */
-namespace simdutf {
-// deliberately empty
-}
-/* end file src/error.cpp */
-// The large tables should be included once and they
-// should not depend on a kernel.
-/* begin file src/tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF16_TABLES_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF16_TABLES_H
-#include <cstdint>
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace {
-namespace tables {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-/**
- * utf8bigindex uses about 8 kB
- * shufutf8 uses about 3344 B
- *
- * So we use a bit over 11 kB. It would be
- * easy to save about 4 kB by only
- * storing the index in utf8bigindex, and
- * deriving the consumed bytes otherwise.
- * However, this may come at a significant (10% to 20%)
- * performance penalty.
- */
-
-const uint8_t shufutf8[209][16] =
-{	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 5, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 1, 255, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 4, 255, 5, 255, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 4, 255, 5, 255, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 4, 255, 6, 5, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 4, 255, 6, 5, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 5, 4, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 5, 4, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 3, 255, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 255, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 255, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 255, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 255, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 255, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 255, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 5, 255, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 5, 255, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 6, 5, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 4, 255, 6, 5, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 3, 255, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 5, 255, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 255, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7, 255, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 2, 255, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 6, 255, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 6, 255, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 7, 6, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 5, 255, 7, 6, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 7, 255, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 7, 255, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 255, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 7, 255, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 7, 255, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 8, 7, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 255, 8, 7, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 255, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 255, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 10, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 8, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 9, 8, 255, 255},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 10, 9, 8, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 8, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 9, 8, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 10, 9, 8, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255, 8, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255, 9, 8, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255, 10, 9, 8, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255, 9, 255, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255, 10, 9, 255, 255},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255, 11, 10, 9, 255},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 1, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 2, 1, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 3, 2, 1, 255, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{0, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 1, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 2, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 3, 2, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 4, 3, 2, 255, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7, 6, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{1, 0, 255, 255, 5, 4, 3, 2, 9, 8, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 4, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 5, 4, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 4, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 3, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 4, 3, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 5, 4, 3, 255, 9, 8, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 7, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 8, 7, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 9, 8, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{2, 1, 0, 255, 6, 5, 4, 3, 10, 9, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 255, 255, 255, 5, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 255, 255, 255, 6, 5, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 255, 255, 255, 7, 6, 5, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 4, 255, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 255, 255, 6, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 255, 255, 7, 6, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 255, 255, 8, 7, 6, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 4, 255, 255, 9, 8, 7, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 255, 7, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 255, 8, 7, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 255, 9, 8, 7, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 255, 10, 9, 8, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 8, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 9, 8, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 8, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0},
- 	{3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4, 11, 10, 9, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
-/* number of two bytes : 64 */
-/* number of two + three bytes : 145 */
-/* number of two + three + four bytes : 209 */
-const uint8_t utf8bigindex[4096][2] =
-{	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{147, 5},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{150, 5},
- 	{162, 5},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{153, 5},
- 	{165, 5},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{177, 5},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{151, 6},
- 	{163, 6},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{154, 6},
- 	{166, 6},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{178, 6},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{169, 6},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{181, 6},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{155, 7},
- 	{167, 7},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{179, 7},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{170, 7},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{182, 7},
- 	{77, 7},
- 	{95, 7},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{101, 7},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{185, 7},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{103, 7},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{156, 8},
- 	{168, 8},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{180, 8},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{159, 8},
- 	{171, 8},
- 	{72, 8},
- 	{183, 8},
- 	{78, 8},
- 	{96, 8},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{195, 8},
- 	{84, 8},
- 	{102, 8},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{120, 8},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{174, 8},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{186, 8},
- 	{80, 8},
- 	{98, 8},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{198, 8},
- 	{86, 8},
- 	{104, 8},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{122, 8},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{3, 8},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{110, 8},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{128, 8},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{5, 8},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{9, 8},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{17, 8},
- 	{33, 8},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{189, 8},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{201, 8},
- 	{88, 8},
- 	{106, 8},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{124, 8},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{112, 8},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{130, 8},
- 	{77, 7},
- 	{95, 7},
- 	{6, 8},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{101, 7},
- 	{10, 8},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{18, 8},
- 	{34, 8},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{136, 8},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{103, 7},
- 	{12, 8},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{20, 8},
- 	{36, 8},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{24, 8},
- 	{40, 8},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{48, 8},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{160, 9},
- 	{172, 9},
- 	{147, 5},
- 	{184, 9},
- 	{150, 5},
- 	{162, 5},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{196, 9},
- 	{153, 5},
- 	{165, 5},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{177, 5},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{175, 9},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{187, 9},
- 	{81, 9},
- 	{99, 9},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{199, 9},
- 	{87, 9},
- 	{105, 9},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{123, 9},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{111, 9},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{129, 9},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{190, 9},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{202, 9},
- 	{89, 9},
- 	{107, 9},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{125, 9},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{113, 9},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{131, 9},
- 	{77, 7},
- 	{95, 7},
- 	{7, 9},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{101, 7},
- 	{11, 9},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{19, 9},
- 	{35, 9},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{137, 9},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{103, 7},
- 	{13, 9},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{21, 9},
- 	{37, 9},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{25, 9},
- 	{41, 9},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{49, 9},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{205, 9},
- 	{156, 8},
- 	{168, 8},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{180, 8},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{159, 8},
- 	{115, 9},
- 	{72, 8},
- 	{133, 9},
- 	{78, 8},
- 	{96, 8},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{195, 8},
- 	{84, 8},
- 	{102, 8},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{120, 8},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{174, 8},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{139, 9},
- 	{80, 8},
- 	{98, 8},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{198, 8},
- 	{86, 8},
- 	{104, 8},
- 	{14, 9},
- 	{122, 8},
- 	{22, 9},
- 	{38, 9},
- 	{3, 8},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{110, 8},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{128, 8},
- 	{26, 9},
- 	{42, 9},
- 	{5, 8},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{50, 9},
- 	{9, 8},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{17, 8},
- 	{33, 8},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{189, 8},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{201, 8},
- 	{88, 8},
- 	{106, 8},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{124, 8},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{112, 8},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{130, 8},
- 	{28, 9},
- 	{44, 9},
- 	{6, 8},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{52, 9},
- 	{10, 8},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{18, 8},
- 	{34, 8},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{136, 8},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{56, 9},
- 	{12, 8},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{20, 8},
- 	{36, 8},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{24, 8},
- 	{40, 8},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{48, 8},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{147, 5},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{150, 5},
- 	{162, 5},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{153, 5},
- 	{165, 5},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{177, 5},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{176, 10},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{188, 10},
- 	{151, 6},
- 	{163, 6},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{200, 10},
- 	{154, 6},
- 	{166, 6},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{178, 6},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{169, 6},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{181, 6},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{191, 10},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{203, 10},
- 	{90, 10},
- 	{108, 10},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{126, 10},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{114, 10},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{132, 10},
- 	{77, 7},
- 	{95, 7},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{101, 7},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{138, 10},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{103, 7},
- 	{68, 6},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{74, 6},
- 	{92, 6},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{76, 6},
- 	{94, 6},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{100, 6},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{206, 10},
- 	{156, 8},
- 	{168, 8},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{180, 8},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{159, 8},
- 	{116, 10},
- 	{72, 8},
- 	{134, 10},
- 	{78, 8},
- 	{96, 8},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{195, 8},
- 	{84, 8},
- 	{102, 8},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{120, 8},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{174, 8},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{140, 10},
- 	{80, 8},
- 	{98, 8},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{198, 8},
- 	{86, 8},
- 	{104, 8},
- 	{15, 10},
- 	{122, 8},
- 	{23, 10},
- 	{39, 10},
- 	{3, 8},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{110, 8},
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- 	{25, 9},
- 	{41, 9},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{49, 9},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{205, 9},
- 	{156, 8},
- 	{168, 8},
- 	{146, 4},
- 	{180, 8},
- 	{149, 4},
- 	{161, 4},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{159, 8},
- 	{115, 9},
- 	{72, 8},
- 	{133, 9},
- 	{78, 8},
- 	{96, 8},
- 	{65, 5},
- 	{195, 8},
- 	{84, 8},
- 	{102, 8},
- 	{67, 5},
- 	{120, 8},
- 	{73, 5},
- 	{91, 5},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{174, 8},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{139, 9},
- 	{80, 8},
- 	{98, 8},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{198, 8},
- 	{86, 8},
- 	{60, 10},
- 	{14, 9},
- 	{122, 8},
- 	{22, 9},
- 	{38, 9},
- 	{3, 8},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{110, 8},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{128, 8},
- 	{26, 9},
- 	{42, 9},
- 	{5, 8},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{50, 9},
- 	{9, 8},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{17, 8},
- 	{33, 8},
- 	{0, 6},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{189, 8},
- 	{152, 7},
- 	{164, 7},
- 	{145, 3},
- 	{201, 8},
- 	{88, 8},
- 	{106, 8},
- 	{69, 7},
- 	{124, 8},
- 	{75, 7},
- 	{93, 7},
- 	{64, 4},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{158, 7},
- 	{112, 8},
- 	{71, 7},
- 	{130, 8},
- 	{28, 9},
- 	{44, 9},
- 	{6, 8},
- 	{194, 7},
- 	{83, 7},
- 	{52, 9},
- 	{10, 8},
- 	{119, 7},
- 	{18, 8},
- 	{34, 8},
- 	{1, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{173, 7},
- 	{148, 6},
- 	{136, 8},
- 	{79, 7},
- 	{97, 7},
- 	{66, 6},
- 	{197, 7},
- 	{85, 7},
- 	{56, 9},
- 	{12, 8},
- 	{121, 7},
- 	{20, 8},
- 	{36, 8},
- 	{2, 7},
- 	{209, 12},
- 	{157, 6},
- 	{109, 7},
- 	{70, 6},
- 	{127, 7},
- 	{24, 8},
- 	{40, 8},
- 	{4, 7},
- 	{193, 6},
- 	{82, 6},
- 	{48, 8},
- 	{8, 7},
- 	{118, 6},
- 	{16, 7},
- 	{32, 7},
- 	{0, 6}};
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // tables namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF16_TABLES_H
-/* end file src/tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h */
-/* begin file src/tables/utf16_to_utf8_tables.h */
-// file generated by scripts/sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8.py
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF8_TABLES_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF8_TABLES_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace {
-namespace tables {
-namespace utf16_to_utf8 {
-
-  // 1 byte for length, 16 bytes for mask
-  const uint8_t pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[256][17] = {
-    {16,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14},
-    {15,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,15,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {15,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80},
-    {14,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,5,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,7,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,7,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,4,7,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {14,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,4,6,8,10,13,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {13,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,5,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,5,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,5,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {12,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,2,4,6,9,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,4,6,8,11,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,1,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,3,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,3,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,1,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,2,4,6,9,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,1,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80}
-  };
-
-  // 1 byte for length, 16 bytes for mask
-  const uint8_t pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[256][17] = {
-    {12,2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,0,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,2,3,1,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,0,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,2,3,1,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,3,1,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,2,3,1,4,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,4,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,3,1,4,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,0,4,10,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,2,3,1,6,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,6,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,6,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,0,6,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,2,3,1,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,3,1,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,0,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,7,5,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,4,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,4,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,4,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,4,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {11,2,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,6,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,0,6,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,2,3,1,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,3,1,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,0,7,5,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,2,3,1,4,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,4,11,9,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {9,3,1,6,7,5,8,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {4,8,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,8,14,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {7,3,1,7,5,10,11,9,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {8,6,7,5,10,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {6,0,10,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {2,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {6,3,1,7,5,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {4,0,4,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,2,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,6,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,0,6,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {9,2,3,1,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,7,5,11,9,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
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-    {9,2,3,1,6,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,6,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,6,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,0,6,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,2,3,1,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,3,1,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,0,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,7,5,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,4,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,4,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,4,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,4,8,15,13,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {10,2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,6,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,0,6,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,2,3,1,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,0,7,5,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,4,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,4,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,4,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,4,10,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,6,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,6,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,6,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,6,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,2,3,1,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {1,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,3,1,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {2,0,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,2,3,1,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,3,1,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,0,7,5,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,2,3,1,4,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {2,4,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,3,1,4,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,0,4,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {9,2,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,6,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,3,1,6,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,0,6,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,2,3,1,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,3,1,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,0,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,7,5,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,4,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,4,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,4,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,4,11,9,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {8,2,3,1,6,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,6,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,3,1,6,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,0,6,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,2,3,1,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {2,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,3,1,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,0,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {7,2,3,1,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,3,1,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,0,7,5,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {6,2,3,1,4,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {3,4,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {5,3,1,4,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80},
-    {4,0,4,8,12,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80}
-  };
-
-} // utf16_to_utf8 namespace
-} // tables namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF8_TABLES_H
-/* end file src/tables/utf16_to_utf8_tables.h */
-// End of tables.
-
-// The scalar routines should be included once.
-/* begin file src/scalar/ascii.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ASCII_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ASCII_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace ascii {
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-// Only used by the fallback kernel.
-inline simdutf_warn_unused bool validate(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-    const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-    uint64_t pos = 0;
-    // process in blocks of 16 bytes when possible
-    for (;pos + 16 <= len; pos += 16) {
-        uint64_t v1;
-        std::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-        uint64_t v2;
-        std::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-        uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-        if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) != 0) { return false; }
-    }
-    // process the tail byte-by-byte
-    for (;pos < len; pos ++) {
-        if (data[pos] >= 0b10000000) { return false; }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-#endif
-
-inline simdutf_warn_unused result validate_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept {
-    const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    // process in blocks of 16 bytes when possible
-    for (;pos + 16 <= len; pos += 16) {
-        uint64_t v1;
-        std::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-        uint64_t v2;
-        std::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-        uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-        if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) != 0) {
-            for (;pos < len; pos ++) {
-                if (data[pos] >= 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    // process the tail byte-by-byte
-    for (;pos < len; pos ++) {
-        if (data[pos] >= 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-    }
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, pos);
-}
-
-} // ascii namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/ascii.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace latin1 {
-
-inline size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t len) {
-  // We are not BOM aware.
-  return len; // a utf32 unit will always represent 1 latin1 character
-}
-
-inline size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len) {
-  const uint8_t * c = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t answer = 0;
-  for(size_t i = 0; i<len; i++) {
-    if((c[i]>>7)) { answer++; }
-  }
-  return answer + len;
-}
-
-inline size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t len) {
-  return len;
-}
-
-} // utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/latin1.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf8/valid_utf32_to_utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_utf8 {
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK || SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-// only used by the fallback and POWER kernel
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-	const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 2 ASCII characters
-    if (pos + 2 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0xFFFFFF80FFFFFF80) == 0) {
-        *utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-				*utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos+1]);
-        pos += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos ++;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf8_output - start;
-}
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK || SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-
-} // utf32_to_utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf8/valid_utf32_to_utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf8/utf32_to_utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_utf8 {
-
-inline size_t convert(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 2 ASCII characters
-    if (pos + 2 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0xFFFFFF80FFFFFF80) == 0) {
-        *utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-				*utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos+1]);
-        pos += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-			if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return 0; }
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-			if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return 0; }
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos ++;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf8_output - start;
-}
-
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 2 ASCII characters
-    if (pos + 2 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0xFFFFFF80FFFFFF80) == 0) {
-        *utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-				*utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos+1]);
-        pos += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-			if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-			if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos ++;
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf8_output - start);
-}
-
-} // utf32_to_utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf8/utf32_to_utf8.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf16/valid_utf32_to_utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      // will not generate a surrogate pair
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(word))) : char16_t(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // will generate a surrogate pair
-      word -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-      pos++;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-} // utf32_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf16/valid_utf32_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf16/utf32_to_utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return 0; }
-      // will not generate a surrogate pair
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(word))) : char16_t(word);
-    } else {
-      // will generate a surrogate pair
-      if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return 0; }
-      word -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-    }
-    pos++;
-  }
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint32_t word = data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-      if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      // will not generate a surrogate pair
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(word))) : char16_t(word);
-    } else {
-      // will generate a surrogate pair
-      if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-      word -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-    }
-    pos++;
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-}
-
-} // utf32_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_utf16/utf32_to_utf16.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf8/valid_utf16_to_utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_utf8 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 4 ASCII characters
-    if (pos + 4 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v = (v >> 8) | (v << (64 - 8)); }
-      if ((v & 0xFF80FF80FF80FF80) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 4;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf8_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf8_output - start;
-}
-
-} // utf16_to_utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf8/valid_utf16_to_utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf8/utf16_to_utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_utf8 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 8 bytes
-    if (pos + 4 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v = (v >> 8) | (v << (64 - 8)); }
-      if ((v & 0xFF80FF80FF80FF80) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 4;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf8_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; }
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(diff > 0x3FF) { return 0; }
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return 0; }
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf8_output - start;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 8 bytes
-    if (pos + 4 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) v = (v >> 8) | (v << (64 - 8));
-      if ((v & 0xFF80FF80FF80FF80) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 4;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf8_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b110XXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // will generate three UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b1110XXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(diff > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-      // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf8_output - start);
-}
-
-} // utf16_to_utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf8/utf16_to_utf8.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf32/valid_utf16_to_utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_utf32 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // No surrogate pair, extend 16-bit word to 32-bit word
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-} // utf16_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf32/valid_utf16_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf32/utf16_to_utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_utf32 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // No surrogate pair, extend 16-bit word to 32-bit word
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(diff > 0x3FF) { return 0; }
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return 0; }
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-      // No surrogate pair, extend 16-bit word to 32-bit word
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // must be a surrogate pair
-      uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-      if(diff > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos + 1]) : data[pos + 1];
-      uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-      if(diff2 > 0x3FF) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-      pos += 2;
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-}
-
-} // utf16_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_utf32/utf16_to_utf32.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 8 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 8 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 8;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char16_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(leading_byte)) : char16_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t code_point = uint16_t(((leading_byte &0b00011111) << 6) | (data[pos + 1] &0b00111111));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint16_t code_point = uint16_t(((leading_byte &0b00001111) << 12) | ((data[pos + 1] &0b00111111) << 6) | (data[pos + 2] &0b00111111));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint32_t code_point = ((leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 )| ((data[pos + 1] &0b00111111) << 12)
-                           | ((data[pos + 2] &0b00111111) << 6) | (data[pos + 3] &0b00111111);
-      code_point -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (code_point >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (code_point & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      // we may have a continuation but we do not do error checking
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char16_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(leading_byte)): char16_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x80 || 0x7ff < code_point) { return 0; }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = uint32_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point)));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x800 || 0xffff < code_point ||
-          (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000)) {
-        return 0;
-      }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = uint32_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point)));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point =
-          (leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff || 0x10ffff < code_point) { return 0; }
-      code_point -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (code_point >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (code_point & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(buf[pos])) : char16_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(utf16::swap_bytes(leading_byte)): char16_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x80 || 0x7ff < code_point) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = uint32_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point)));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8, it should become
-      // a single UTF-16 word.
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if ((code_point < 0x800) || (0xffff < code_point)) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos);}
-      if (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        code_point = uint32_t(utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(code_point)));
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(code_point);
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point =
-          (leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      if (0x10ffff < code_point) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-      code_point -= 0x10000;
-      uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (code_point >> 10));
-      uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (code_point & 0x3FF));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        high_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(high_surrogate);
-        low_surrogate = utf16::swap_bytes(low_surrogate);
-      }
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-      *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      // we either have too many continuation bytes or an invalid leading byte
-      if ((leading_byte & 0b11000000) == 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, pos); }
-      else { return result(error_code::HEADER_BITS, pos); }
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-}
-
-/**
- * When rewind_and_convert_with_errors is called, we are pointing at 'buf' and we have
- * up to len input bytes left, and we encountered some error. It is possible that
- * the error is at 'buf' exactly, but it could also be in the previous bytes  (up to 3 bytes back).
- *
- * prior_bytes indicates how many bytes, prior to 'buf' may belong to the current memory section
- * and can be safely accessed. We prior_bytes to access safely up to three bytes before 'buf'.
- *
- * The caller is responsible to ensure that len > 0.
- *
- * If the error is believed to have occurred prior to 'buf', the count value contain in the result
- * will be SIZE_T - 1, SIZE_T - 2, or SIZE_T - 3.
- */
-template <endianness endian>
-inline result rewind_and_convert_with_errors(size_t prior_bytes, const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  size_t extra_len{0};
-  // We potentially need to go back in time and find a leading byte.
-  // In theory '3' would be sufficient, but sometimes the error can go back quite far.
-  size_t how_far_back = prior_bytes;
-  // size_t how_far_back = 3; // 3 bytes in the past + current position
-  // if(how_far_back >= prior_bytes) { how_far_back = prior_bytes; }
-  bool found_leading_bytes{false};
-  // important: it is i <= how_far_back and not 'i < how_far_back'.
-  for(size_t i = 0; i <= how_far_back; i++) {
-    unsigned char byte = buf[0-i];
-    found_leading_bytes = ((byte & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000);
-    if(found_leading_bytes) {
-      buf -= i;
-      extra_len = i;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  //
-  // It is possible for this function to return a negative count in its result.
-  // C++ Standard Section 18.1 defines size_t is in <cstddef> which is described in C Standard as <stddef.h>.
-  // C Standard Section 4.1.5 defines size_t as an unsigned integral type of the result of the sizeof operator
-  //
-  // An unsigned type will simply wrap round arithmetically (well defined).
-  //
-  if(!found_leading_bytes) {
-    // If how_far_back == 3, we may have four consecutive continuation bytes!!!
-    // [....] [continuation] [continuation] [continuation] | [buf is continuation]
-    // Or we possibly have a stream that does not start with a leading byte.
-    return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, 0-how_far_back);
-  }
-  result res = convert_with_errors<endian>(buf, len + extra_len, utf16_output);
-  if (res.error) {
-    res.count -= extra_len;
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 8 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 8 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 8;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(((leading_byte &0b00011111) << 6) | (data[pos + 1] &0b00111111));
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(((leading_byte &0b00001111) << 12) | ((data[pos + 1] &0b00111111) << 6) | (data[pos + 2] &0b00111111));
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      uint32_t code_word = ((leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 )| ((data[pos + 1] &0b00111111) << 12)
-                           | ((data[pos + 2] &0b00111111) << 6) | (data[pos + 3] &0b00111111);
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_word);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      // we may have a continuation but we do not do error checking
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf32
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-inline size_t convert(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x80 || 0x7ff < code_point) { return 0; }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x800 || 0xffff < code_point ||
-          (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000)) {
-        return 0;
-      }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { return 0; } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; }
-
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point =
-          (leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff || 0x10ffff < code_point) { return 0; }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2};
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) {
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x80 || 0x7ff < code_point) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 2 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00001111) << 12 |
-                   (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 6 |
-                   (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point < 0x800 || 0xffff < code_point) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      if (0xd7ff < code_point && code_point < 0xe000) { return result(error_code::SURROGATE, pos); }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 3;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      if(pos + 3 >= len) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos);}
-      if ((data[pos + 2] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-      if ((data[pos + 3] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); }
-
-      // range check
-      uint32_t code_point =
-          (leading_byte & 0b00000111) << 18 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111) << 12 |
-          (data[pos + 2] & 0b00111111) << 6 | (data[pos + 3] & 0b00111111);
-      if (code_point <= 0xffff) { return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos); }
-      if (0x10ffff < code_point) { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-      *utf32_output++ = char32_t(code_point);
-      pos += 4;
-    } else {
-      // we either have too many continuation bytes or an invalid leading byte
-      if ((leading_byte & 0b11000000) == 0b10000000) { return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, pos); }
-      else { return result(error_code::HEADER_BITS, pos); }
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-}
-
-/**
- * When rewind_and_convert_with_errors is called, we are pointing at 'buf' and we have
- * up to len input bytes left, and we encountered some error. It is possible that
- * the error is at 'buf' exactly, but it could also be in the previous bytes location (up to 3 bytes back).
- *
- * prior_bytes indicates how many bytes, prior to 'buf' may belong to the current memory section
- * and can be safely accessed. We prior_bytes to access safely up to three bytes before 'buf'.
- *
- * The caller is responsible to ensure that len > 0.
- *
- * If the error is believed to have occurred prior to 'buf', the count value contain in the result
- * will be SIZE_T - 1, SIZE_T - 2, or SIZE_T - 3.
- */
-inline result rewind_and_convert_with_errors(size_t prior_bytes, const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  size_t extra_len{0};
-  // We potentially need to go back in time and find a leading byte.
-  size_t how_far_back = 3; // 3 bytes in the past + current position
-  if(how_far_back > prior_bytes) { how_far_back = prior_bytes; }
-  bool found_leading_bytes{false};
-  // important: it is i <= how_far_back and not 'i < how_far_back'.
-  for(size_t i = 0; i <= how_far_back; i++) {
-    unsigned char byte = buf[0-i];
-    found_leading_bytes = ((byte & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000);
-    if(found_leading_bytes) {
-      buf -= i;
-      extra_len = i;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  //
-  // It is possible for this function to return a negative count in its result.
-  // C++ Standard Section 18.1 defines size_t is in <cstddef> which is described in C Standard as <stddef.h>.
-  // C Standard Section 4.1.5 defines size_t as an unsigned integral type of the result of the sizeof operator
-  //
-  // An unsigned type will simply wrap round arithmetically (well defined).
-  //
-  if(!found_leading_bytes) {
-    // If how_far_back == 3, we may have four consecutive continuation bytes!!!
-    // [....] [continuation] [continuation] [continuation] | [buf is continuation]
-    // Or we possibly have a stream that does not start with a leading byte.
-    return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, 0-how_far_back);
-  }
-
-  result res = convert_with_errors(buf, len + extra_len, utf32_output);
-  if (res.error) {
-    res.count -= extra_len;
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-} // utf8_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf8/latin1_to_utf8.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF8_H
-#define SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF8_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace latin1_to_utf8 {
-
-inline size_t convert(const char* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const unsigned char *data = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{utf8_output};
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2}; // We are only interested in these bits: 1000 1000 1000 1000, so it makes sense to concatenate everything
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) { // if NONE of these are set, e.g. all of them are zero, then everything is ASCII
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    unsigned char byte = data[pos];
-    if((byte & 0x80) == 0) { // if ASCII
-      // will generate one UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char(byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else {
-      // will generate two UTF-8 bytes
-      *utf8_output++ = char((byte>>6) | 0b11000000);
-      *utf8_output++ = char((byte & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      pos++;
-    }
-  }
-  return utf8_output - start;
-}
-
-} // latin1_to_utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf8/latin1_to_utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf16/latin1_to_utf16.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF16_H
-#define SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF16_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace latin1_to_utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{ utf16_output };
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = uint16_t(data[pos]); // extend Latin-1 char to 16-bit Unicode code point
-    *utf16_output++ = char16_t(match_system(big_endian) ? word : utf16::swap_bytes(word));
-    pos++;
-  }
-
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{ utf16_output };
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    uint16_t word = uint16_t(data[pos]); // extend Latin-1 char to 16-bit Unicode code point
-    *utf16_output++ = char16_t(match_system(big_endian) ? word : utf16::swap_bytes(word));
-    pos++;
-  }
-
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-}
-
-} // latin1_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf16/latin1_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf32/latin1_to_utf32.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF32_H
-#define SIMDUTF_LATIN1_TO_UTF32_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace latin1_to_utf32 {
-
-
-inline size_t convert(const char *buf, size_t len, char32_t *utf32_output) {
-  const unsigned char *data = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(buf);
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    *utf32_output++ = (char32_t)data[i];
-  }
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-} // latin1_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/latin1_to_utf32/latin1_to_utf32.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF8_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-
-inline size_t convert(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{latin_output};
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2}; // We are only interested in these bits: 1000 1000 1000 1000 .... etc
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) { // if NONE of these are set, e.g. all of them are zero, then everything is ASCII
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *latin_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // suppose it is not an all ASCII byte sequence
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *latin_output++ = char(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) { // the first three bits indicate:
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) {
-        return 0;
-      } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; } // checks if the next byte is a valid continuation byte in UTF-8. A valid continuation byte starts with 10.
-      // range check -
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111); // assembles the Unicode code point from the two bytes. It does this by discarding the leading 110 and 10 bits from the two bytes, shifting the remaining bits of the first byte, and then combining the results with a bitwise OR operation.
-      if (code_point < 0x80 || 0xFF < code_point) {
-        return 0; // We only care about the range 129-255 which is Non-ASCII latin1 characters. A code_point beneath 0x80 is invalid as it's already covered by bytes whose leading bit is zero.
-      }
-      *latin_output++ = char(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return latin_output - start;
-}
-
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{latin_output};
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2}; // We are only interested in these bits: 1000 1000 1000 1000...etc
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) { // if NONE of these are set, e.g. all of them are zero, then everything is ASCII
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *latin_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    // suppose it is not an all ASCII byte sequence
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *latin_output++ = char(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) { // the first three bits indicate:
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_SHORT, pos); } // checks if the next byte is a valid continuation byte in UTF-8. A valid continuation byte starts with 10.
-      // range check -
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111); // assembles the Unicode code point from the two bytes. It does this by discarding the leading 110 and 10 bits from the two bytes, shifting the remaining bits of the first byte, and then combining the results with a bitwise OR operation.
-      if (code_point < 0x80) {
-        return result(error_code::OVERLONG, pos);
-      }
-      if (0xFF < code_point) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos);
-      } // We only care about the range 129-255 which is Non-ASCII latin1 characters
-      *latin_output++ = char(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11110000) == 0b11100000) {
-      // We have a three-byte UTF-8
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos);
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11111000) == 0b11110000) { // 0b11110000
-      // we have a 4-byte UTF-8 word.
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos);
-    } else {
-      // we either have too many continuation bytes or an invalid leading byte
-      if ((leading_byte & 0b11000000) == 0b10000000) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, pos);
-      }
-
-      return result(error_code::HEADER_BITS, pos);
-
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, latin_output - start);
-}
-
-
-inline result rewind_and_convert_with_errors(size_t prior_bytes, const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  size_t extra_len{0};
-  // We potentially need to go back in time and find a leading byte.
-  // In theory '3' would be sufficient, but sometimes the error can go back quite far.
-  size_t how_far_back = prior_bytes;
-  // size_t how_far_back = 3; // 3 bytes in the past + current position
-  // if(how_far_back >= prior_bytes) { how_far_back = prior_bytes; }
-  bool found_leading_bytes{false};
-  // important: it is i <= how_far_back and not 'i < how_far_back'.
-  for(size_t i = 0; i <= how_far_back; i++) {
-    unsigned char byte = buf[0-i];
-    found_leading_bytes = ((byte & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000);
-    if(found_leading_bytes) {
-      buf -= i;
-      extra_len = i;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  //
-  // It is possible for this function to return a negative count in its result.
-  // C++ Standard Section 18.1 defines size_t is in <cstddef> which is described in C Standard as <stddef.h>.
-  // C Standard Section 4.1.5 defines size_t as an unsigned integral type of the result of the sizeof operator
-  //
-  // An unsigned type will simply wrap round arithmetically (well defined).
-  //
-  if(!found_leading_bytes) {
-    // If how_far_back == 3, we may have four consecutive continuation bytes!!!
-    // [....] [continuation] [continuation] [continuation] | [buf is continuation]
-    // Or we possibly have a stream that does not start with a leading byte.
-    return result(error_code::TOO_LONG, 0-how_far_back);
-  }
-  result res = convert_with_errors(buf, len + extra_len, latin1_output);
-  if (res.error) {
-    res.count -= extra_len;
-  }
-  return res;
-}
-
-
-} // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_latin1/utf16_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF16_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_latin1 {
-
-#include <cstring>  // for std::memcpy
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
-  const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  std::vector<char> temp_output(len);
-  char* current_write = temp_output.data();
-  uint16_t word = 0;
-  uint16_t too_large = 0;
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    too_large |= word;
-    *current_write++ = char(word & 0xFF);
-    pos++;
-  }
-  if((too_large & 0xFF00) != 0) { return 0; }
-
-  // Only copy to latin_output if there were no errors
-  std::memcpy(latin_output, temp_output.data(), len);
-
-  return current_write - temp_output.data();
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{latin_output};
-  uint16_t word;
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 32 more bytes, check that they are Latin1
-      uint64_t v1, v2, v3, v4;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + 4, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      ::memcpy(&v3, data + pos + 8, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      ::memcpy(&v4, data + pos  + 12, sizeof(uint64_t));
-
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v1 = (v1 >> 8) | (v1 << (64 - 8)); }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v2 = (v2 >> 8) | (v2 << (64 - 8)); }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v3 = (v3 >> 8) | (v3 << (64 - 8)); }
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { v4 = (v1 >> 8) | (v4 << (64 - 8)); }
-
-      if (((v1 | v2 | v3 | v4) & 0xFF00FF00FF00FF00) == 0) {
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *latin_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char(utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos])) : char(data[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    if((word & 0xFF00 ) == 0) {
-        *latin_output++ = char(word & 0xFF);
-        pos++;
-    } else { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS,latin_output - start);
-}
-
-
-} // utf16_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_latin1/utf16_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_latin1/utf32_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_UTF32_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_latin1 {
-
-inline size_t convert(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  char* start = latin1_output;
-  uint32_t utf32_char;
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  uint32_t too_large = 0;
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    utf32_char = (uint32_t)data[pos];
-    too_large |= utf32_char;
-    *latin1_output++ = (char)(utf32_char & 0xFF);
-    pos++;
-  }
-  if((too_large & 0xFFFFFF00) != 0) { return 0; }
-  return latin1_output - start;
-}
-
-inline result convert_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  char* start{latin1_output};
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  while (pos < len) {
-    if (pos + 2 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are Latin1
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0xFFFFFF00FFFFFF00) == 0) {
-        *latin1_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-        *latin1_output++ = char(buf[pos+1]);
-        pos += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    uint32_t utf32_char = data[pos];
-    if ((utf32_char & 0xFFFFFF00) == 0) { // Check if the character can be represented in Latin-1
-      *latin1_output++ = (char)(utf32_char & 0xFF);
-      pos++;
-    } else { return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, pos); };
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, latin1_output - start);
-}
-
-} // utf32_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_latin1/utf32_to_latin1.h */
-
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF8_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
- const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf);
-
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{latin_output};
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    // try to convert the next block of 16 ASCII bytes
-    if (pos + 16 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 16 more bytes, check that they are ascii
-      uint64_t v1;
-      ::memcpy(&v1, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v2;
-      ::memcpy(&v2, data + pos + sizeof(uint64_t), sizeof(uint64_t));
-      uint64_t v{v1 | v2}; // We are only interested in these bits: 1000 1000 1000 1000, so it makes sense to concatenate everything
-      if ((v & 0x8080808080808080) == 0) { // if NONE of these are set, e.g. all of them are zero, then everything is ASCII
-        size_t final_pos = pos + 16;
-        while(pos < final_pos) {
-          *latin_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-          pos++;
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // suppose it is not an all ASCII byte sequence
-    uint8_t leading_byte = data[pos]; // leading byte
-    if (leading_byte < 0b10000000) {
-      // converting one ASCII byte !!!
-      *latin_output++ = char(leading_byte);
-      pos++;
-    } else if ((leading_byte & 0b11100000) == 0b11000000) { // the first three bits indicate:
-      // We have a two-byte UTF-8
-      if(pos + 1 >= len) { break; } // minimal bound checking
-      if ((data[pos + 1] & 0b11000000) != 0b10000000) { return 0; } // checks if the next byte is a valid continuation byte in UTF-8. A valid continuation byte starts with 10.
-      // range check -
-      uint32_t code_point = (leading_byte & 0b00011111) << 6 | (data[pos + 1] & 0b00111111); // assembles the Unicode code point from the two bytes. It does this by discarding the leading 110 and 10 bits from the two bytes, shifting the remaining bits of the first byte, and then combining the results with a bitwise OR operation.
-      *latin_output++ = char(code_point);
-      pos += 2;
-    } else {
-      // we may have a continuation but we do not do error checking
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  return latin_output - start;
-}
-
-} // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf16_to_latin1/valid_utf16_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF16_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16_to_latin1 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin_output) {
- const uint16_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char* start{latin_output};
-  uint16_t word = 0;
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-    word = !match_system(big_endian) ? utf16::swap_bytes(data[pos]) : data[pos];
-    *latin_output++ = char(word);
-    pos++;
-  }
-
-  return latin_output - start;
-}
-
-} // utf16_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf16_to_latin1/valid_utf16_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/scalar/utf32_to_latin1/valid_utf32_to_latin1.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_LATIN1_H
-#define SIMDUTF_VALID_UTF32_TO_LATIN1_H
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace scalar {
-namespace {
-namespace utf32_to_latin1 {
-
-inline size_t convert_valid(const char32_t *buf, size_t len, char *latin1_output) {
-  const uint32_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf);
-  char* start = latin1_output;
-  uint32_t utf32_char;
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  while (pos < len) {
-  utf32_char = (uint32_t)data[pos];
-
-  if (pos + 2 <= len) { // if it is safe to read 8 more bytes, check that they are Latin1
-      uint64_t v;
-      ::memcpy(&v, data + pos, sizeof(uint64_t));
-      if ((v & 0xFFFFFF00FFFFFF00) == 0) {
-      *latin1_output++ = char(buf[pos]);
-      *latin1_output++ = char(buf[pos+1]);
-      pos += 2;
-      continue;
-    }
-  }
-  *latin1_output++ = (char)(utf32_char & 0xFF);
-  pos++;
-
-  }
-  return latin1_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // utf32_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace scalar
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif
-/* end file src/scalar/utf32_to_latin1/valid_utf32_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-
-SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64
-/* begin file src/arm64/implementation.cpp */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "arm64"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION arm64
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ARM64_H
-#error "arm64.h must be included"
-#endif
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> bits = input.reduce_or();
-    return bits.max_val() < 0b10000000u;
-}
-
-simdutf_unused simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev1, const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-    simd8<bool> is_second_byte = prev1 >= uint8_t(0b11000000u);
-    simd8<bool> is_third_byte  = prev2 >= uint8_t(0b11100000u);
-    simd8<bool> is_fourth_byte = prev3 >= uint8_t(0b11110000u);
-    // Use ^ instead of | for is_*_byte, because ^ is commutative, and the caller is using ^ as well.
-    // This will work fine because we only have to report errors for cases with 0-1 lead bytes.
-    // Multiple lead bytes implies 2 overlapping multibyte characters, and if that happens, there is
-    // guaranteed to be at least *one* lead byte that is part of only 1 other multibyte character.
-    // The error will be detected there.
-    return is_second_byte ^ is_third_byte ^ is_fourth_byte;
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_2_3_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-    simd8<bool> is_third_byte  = prev2 >= uint8_t(0b11100000u);
-    simd8<bool> is_fourth_byte = prev3 >= uint8_t(0b11110000u);
-    return is_third_byte ^ is_fourth_byte;
-}
-
-// common functions for utf8 conversions
-simdutf_really_inline uint16x4_t convert_utf8_3_byte_to_utf16(uint8x16_t in) {
-  // Low half contains  10cccccc|1110aaaa
-  // High half contains 10bbbbbb|10bbbbbb
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  const uint8x16_t sh = simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 1, 1, 4, 4, 7, 7, 10, 10);
-#else
-  const uint8x16_t sh = {0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 1, 1, 4, 4, 7, 7, 10, 10};
-#endif
-  uint8x16_t perm = vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh);
-  // Split into half vectors.
-  // 10cccccc|1110aaaa
-  uint8x8_t perm_low = vget_low_u8(perm); // no-op
-  // 10bbbbbb|10bbbbbb
-  uint8x8_t perm_high = vget_high_u8(perm);
-  // xxxxxxxx 10bbbbbb
-  uint16x4_t mid = vreinterpret_u16_u8(perm_high); // no-op
-  // xxxxxxxx 1110aaaa
-  uint16x4_t high = vreinterpret_u16_u8(perm_low); // no-op
-  // Assemble with shift left insert.
-  // xxxxxxaa aabbbbbb
-  uint16x4_t mid_high = vsli_n_u16(mid, high, 6);
-  // (perm_low << 8) | (perm_low >> 8)
-  // xxxxxxxx 10cccccc
-  uint16x4_t low = vreinterpret_u16_u8(vrev16_u8(perm_low));
-  // Shift left insert into the low bits
-  // aaaabbbb bbcccccc
-  uint16x4_t composed = vsli_n_u16(low, mid_high, 6);
-  return composed;
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline uint16x8_t convert_utf8_2_byte_to_utf16(uint8x16_t in) {
-  // Converts 6 2 byte UTF-8 characters to 6 UTF-16 characters.
-  // Technically this calculates 8, but 6 does better and happens more often
-  // (The languages which use these codepoints use ASCII spaces so 8 would need to be
-  // in the middle of a very long word).
-
-  // 10bbbbbb 110aaaaa
-  uint16x8_t upper = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(in);
-  // (in << 8) | (in >> 8)
-  // 110aaaaa 10bbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t lower = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(in));
-  // 00000000 000aaaaa
-  uint16x8_t upper_masked = vandq_u16(upper, vmovq_n_u16(0x1F));
-  // Assemble with shift left insert.
-  // 00000aaa aabbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t composed = vsliq_n_u16(lower, upper_masked, 6);
-  return composed;
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline uint16x8_t convert_utf8_1_to_2_byte_to_utf16(uint8x16_t in, size_t shufutf8_idx) {
-  // Converts 6 1-2 byte UTF-8 characters to 6 UTF-16 characters.
-  // This is a relatively easy scenario
-  // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-  // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes.
-  uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[shufutf8_idx]));
-  // Shuffle
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 110aaaaa 10bbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t perm = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-  // Mask
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 00000000 00bbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t ascii = vandq_u16(perm, vmovq_n_u16(0x7f)); // 6 or 7 bits
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000
-  // 2 byte: 000aaaaa 00000000
-  uint16x8_t highbyte = vandq_u16(perm, vmovq_n_u16(0x1f00)); // 5 bits
-  // Combine with a shift right accumulate
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 00000aaa aabbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t composed = vsraq_n_u16(ascii, highbyte, 2);
-  return composed;
-}
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_detect_encodings.cpp */
-template<class checker>
-// len is known to be a multiple of 2 when this is called
-int arm_detect_encodings(const char * buf, size_t len) {
-    const char* start = buf;
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    bool is_utf8 = true;
-    bool is_utf16 = true;
-    bool is_utf32 = true;
-
-    int out = 0;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-
-    uint32x4_t currentmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-
-    checker check{};
-
-    while(buf + 64 <= end) {
-        uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(buf));
-        uint16x8_t secondin = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(buf) + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-        uint16x8_t thirdin = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(buf) + 2*simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-        uint16x8_t fourthin = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(buf) + 3*simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-
-        const auto u0 = simd16<uint16_t>(in);
-        const auto u1 = simd16<uint16_t>(secondin);
-        const auto u2 = simd16<uint16_t>(thirdin);
-        const auto u3 = simd16<uint16_t>(fourthin);
-
-        const auto v0 = u0.shr<8>();
-        const auto v1 = u1.shr<8>();
-        const auto v2 = u2.shr<8>();
-        const auto v3 = u3.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(v0, v1);
-        const auto nextin16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(v2, v3);
-
-        const uint64_t surrogates_wordmask0 = ((in16 & v_f8) == v_d8).to_bitmask64();
-        const uint64_t surrogates_wordmask1 = ((nextin16 & v_f8) == v_d8).to_bitmask64();
-
-        // Check for surrogates
-        if (surrogates_wordmask0 != 0 || surrogates_wordmask1 != 0) {
-            // Cannot be UTF8
-            is_utf8 = false;
-            // Can still be either UTF-16LE or UTF-32 depending on the positions of the surrogates
-            // To be valid UTF-32, a surrogate cannot be in the two most significant bytes of any 32-bit word.
-            // On the other hand, to be valid UTF-16LE, at least one surrogate must be in the two most significant
-            // bytes of a 32-bit word since they always come in pairs in UTF-16LE.
-            // Note that we always proceed in multiple of 4 before this point so there is no offset in 32-bit code units.
-
-            if (((surrogates_wordmask0 | surrogates_wordmask1) & 0xf0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0) != 0) {
-                is_utf32 = false;
-                // Code from arm_validate_utf16le.cpp
-                // Not efficient, we do not process surrogates_wordmask1
-                const char16_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf);
-                const char16_t* end16 = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(start) + len/2;
-
-                const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-                const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-                const uint64_t V0 = ~surrogates_wordmask0;
-
-                const auto vH0 = ((in16 & v_fc) ==  v_dc);
-                const uint64_t H0 = vH0.to_bitmask64();
-
-                const uint64_t L0 = ~H0 & surrogates_wordmask0;
-
-                const uint64_t a0 = L0 & (H0 >> 4);
-
-                const uint64_t b0 = a0 << 4;
-
-                const uint64_t c0 = V0 | a0 | b0;
-                if (c0 == ~0ull) {
-                    input += 16;
-                } else if (c0 == 0xfffffffffffffffull) {
-                    input += 15;
-                } else {
-                    is_utf16 = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                while (input + 16 < end16) {
-                    const auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-                    const auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-                    const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-                    const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-                    const simd8<uint8_t> in_16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-                    const uint64_t surrogates_wordmask = ((in_16 & v_f8) == v_d8).to_bitmask64();
-                    if(surrogates_wordmask == 0) {
-                        input += 16;
-                    } else {
-                        const uint64_t V = ~surrogates_wordmask;
-
-                        const auto vH = ((in_16 & v_fc) ==  v_dc);
-                        const uint64_t H = vH.to_bitmask64();
-
-                        const uint64_t L = ~H & surrogates_wordmask;
-
-                        const uint64_t a = L & (H >> 4);
-
-                        const uint64_t b = a << 4;
-
-                        const uint64_t c = V | a | b;
-                        if (c == ~0ull) {
-                            input += 16;
-                        } else if (c == 0xfffffffffffffffull) {
-                            input += 15;
-                        } else {
-                            is_utf16 = false;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                is_utf16 = false;
-                // Check for UTF-32
-                if (len % 4 == 0) {
-                    const char32_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf);
-                    const char32_t* end32 = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(start) + len/4;
-
-                    // Must start checking for surrogates
-                    uint32x4_t currentoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-                    const uint32x4_t offset = vmovq_n_u32(0xffff2000);
-                    const uint32x4_t standardoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0xfffff7ff);
-
-                    const uint32x4_t in32 =  vreinterpretq_u32_u16(in);
-                    const uint32x4_t secondin32 =  vreinterpretq_u32_u16(secondin);
-                    const uint32x4_t thirdin32 =  vreinterpretq_u32_u16(thirdin);
-                    const uint32x4_t fourthin32 =  vreinterpretq_u32_u16(fourthin);
-
-                    currentmax = vmaxq_u32(in32,currentmax);
-                    currentmax = vmaxq_u32(secondin32,currentmax);
-                    currentmax = vmaxq_u32(thirdin32,currentmax);
-                    currentmax = vmaxq_u32(fourthin32,currentmax);
-
-                    currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(in32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(secondin32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(thirdin32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(fourthin32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-                    while (input + 4 < end32) {
-                        const uint32x4_t in_32 = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(input));
-                        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(in_32,currentmax);
-                        currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(in_32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                        input += 4;
-                    }
-
-                    uint32x4_t forbidden_words = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-                    if(vmaxvq_u32(forbidden_words) != 0) {
-                        is_utf32 = false;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    is_utf32 = false;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        // If no surrogate, validate under other encodings as well
-
-        // UTF-32 validation
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u16(in),currentmax);
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u16(secondin),currentmax);
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u16(thirdin),currentmax);
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(vreinterpretq_u32_u16(fourthin),currentmax);
-
-        // UTF-8 validation
-        // Relies on ../generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h
-        simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(secondin), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(thirdin), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(fourthin));
-        check.check_next_input(in8);
-
-        buf += 64;
-    }
-
-    // Check which encodings are possible
-
-    if (is_utf8) {
-        if (static_cast<size_t>(buf - start) != len) {
-            uint8_t block[64]{};
-            std::memset(block, 0x20, 64);
-            std::memcpy(block, buf, len - (buf - start));
-            simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-            check.check_next_input(in);
-        }
-        if (!check.errors()) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf16 && scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/2)) {
-        out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf32 && (len % 4 == 0)) {
-        const uint32x4_t standardmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x10ffff);
-        uint32x4_t is_zero = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if (vmaxvq_u32(is_zero) == 0 && scalar::utf32::validate(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/4)) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return out;
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_detect_encodings.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_validate_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const char16_t* arm_validate_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-    while (input + 16 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-            in0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in0)));
-            in1 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in1)));
-        }
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-        const simd8<uint8_t> in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const uint64_t surrogates_wordmask = ((in & v_f8) == v_d8).to_bitmask64();
-        if(surrogates_wordmask == 0) {
-            input += 16;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint64_t V = ~surrogates_wordmask;
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto vH = ((in & v_fc) ==  v_dc);
-            const uint64_t H = vH.to_bitmask64();
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint64_t L = ~H & surrogates_wordmask;
-
-            const uint64_t a = L & (H >> 4); // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint64_t b = a << 4; // Just mark that the opposite fact is hold,
-                          // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint64_t c = V | a | b;      // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-            if (c == ~0ull) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += 16;
-            } else if (c == 0xfffffffffffffffull) {
-                // The 15 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 15th word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += 15;
-            } else {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const result arm_validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* start = input;
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-    while (input + 16 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-            in0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in0)));
-            in1 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in1)));
-        }
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-        const simd8<uint8_t> in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const uint64_t surrogates_wordmask = ((in & v_f8) == v_d8).to_bitmask64();
-        if(surrogates_wordmask == 0) {
-            input += 16;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint64_t V = ~surrogates_wordmask;
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto vH = ((in & v_fc) ==  v_dc);
-            const uint64_t H = vH.to_bitmask64();
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint64_t L = ~H & surrogates_wordmask;
-
-            const uint64_t a = L & (H >> 4); // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint64_t b = a << 4; // Just mark that the opposite fact is hold,
-                          // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint64_t c = V | a | b;      // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-            if (c == ~0ull) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += 16;
-            } else if (c == 0xfffffffffffffffull) {
-                // The 15 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 15th word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += 15;
-            } else {
-                return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_validate_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-
-const char32_t* arm_validate_utf32le(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const uint32x4_t standardmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x10ffff);
-    const uint32x4_t offset = vmovq_n_u32(0xffff2000);
-    const uint32x4_t standardoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0xfffff7ff);
-    uint32x4_t currentmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-    uint32x4_t currentoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-
-    while (input + 4 < end) {
-        const uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(input));
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-        input += 4;
-    }
-
-    uint32x4_t is_zero = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(is_zero) != 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    is_zero = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(is_zero) != 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-const result arm_validate_utf32le_with_errors(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* start = input;
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const uint32x4_t standardmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x10ffff);
-    const uint32x4_t offset = vmovq_n_u32(0xffff2000);
-    const uint32x4_t standardoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0xfffff7ff);
-    uint32x4_t currentmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-    uint32x4_t currentoffsetmax = vmovq_n_u32(0x0);
-
-    while (input + 4 < end) {
-        const uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(input));
-        currentmax = vmaxq_u32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = vmaxq_u32(vaddq_u32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-        uint32x4_t is_zero = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if(vmaxvq_u32(is_zero) != 0) {
-            return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, input - start);
-        }
-
-        is_zero = veorq_u32(vmaxq_u32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-        if(vmaxvq_u32(is_zero) != 0) {
-            return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-        }
-
-        input += 4;
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-std::pair<const char *, char *>
-arm_convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char *latin1_input, size_t len,
-                           char *utf8_out) {
-  uint8_t *utf8_output = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(utf8_out);
-  const char *end = latin1_input + len;
-  const uint16x8_t v_c080 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  // We always write 16 bytes, of which more than the first 8 bytes
-  // are valid. A safety margin of 8 is more than sufficient.
-  while (latin1_input + 16 + 8 <= end) {
-    uint8x16_t in8 = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(latin1_input));
-    if (vmaxvq_u8(in8) <= 0x7F) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      vst1q_u8(utf8_output, in8);
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      latin1_input += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // We just fallback on UTF-16 code. This could be optimized/simplified
-    // further.
-    uint16x8_t in16 = vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8(in8));
-    // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-    // input 8-bit word : [aabb|bbbb] x 8
-    // expected output   : [1100|00aa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-    const uint16x8_t v_1f00 = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-    const uint16x8_t v_003f = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-    // t0 = [0000|00aa|bbbb|bb00]
-    const uint16x8_t t0 = vshlq_n_u16(in16, 2);
-    // t1 = [0000|00aa|0000|0000]
-    const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, v_1f00);
-    // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-    const uint16x8_t t2 = vandq_u16(in16, v_003f);
-    // t3 = [0000|00aa|00bb|bbbb]
-    const uint16x8_t t3 = vorrq_u16(t1, t2);
-    // t4 = [1100|00aa|10bb|bbbb]
-    const uint16x8_t t4 = vorrq_u16(t3, v_c080);
-    // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-    const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-    const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in16, v_007f);
-    const uint8x16_t utf8_unpacked =
-        vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vbslq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, in16, t4));
-    // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-    const uint16x8_t mask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                            0x0002, 0x0008, 0x0020, 0x0080);
-#else
-    const uint16x8_t mask = {0x0001, 0x0004, 0x0010, 0x0040,
-                             0x0002, 0x0008, 0x0020, 0x0080};
-#endif
-    uint16_t m2 = vaddvq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, mask));
-    // 4. pack the bytes
-    const uint8_t *row =
-        &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-    const uint8x16_t shuffle = vld1q_u8(row + 1);
-    const uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vqtbl1q_u8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-    // 5. store bytes
-    vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-    // 6. adjust pointers
-    latin1_input += 8;
-    utf8_output += row[0];
-
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(latin1_input, reinterpret_cast<char *>(utf8_output));
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> arm_convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-        uint8x16_t in8 = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf));
-        uint16x8_t inlow = vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8(in8));
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) { inlow = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(inlow))); }
-        vst1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf16_output), inlow);
-        uint16x8_t inhigh = vmovl_u8(vget_high_u8(in8));
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) { inhigh = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(inhigh))); }
-        vst1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf16_output+8), inhigh);
-        utf16_output += 16;
-        buf += 16;
-    }
-
-    return std::make_pair(buf, utf16_output);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> arm_convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-        uint8x16_t in8 = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(buf));
-        uint16x8_t in8low = vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8(in8));
-        uint32x4_t in16lowlow = vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(in8low));
-        uint32x4_t in16lowhigh = vmovl_u16(vget_high_u16(in8low));
-        uint16x8_t in8high = vmovl_u8(vget_high_u8(in8));
-        uint32x4_t in8highlow = vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(in8high));
-        uint32x4_t in8highhigh = vmovl_u16(vget_high_u16(in8high));
-        vst1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_output), in16lowlow);
-        vst1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_output+4), in16lowhigh);
-        vst1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_output+8), in8highlow);
-        vst1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_output+12), in8highhigh);
-
-        utf32_output += 16;
-        buf += 16;
-    }
-
-    return std::make_pair(buf, utf32_output);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-// Convert up to 16 bytes from utf8 to utf16 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 16, usually 12).
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char16_t *&utf16_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  uint8x16_t in = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(input));
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  // The obvious first test is ASCII, which actually consumes the full 16.
-  if((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xFFFF) == 0xffff) {
-    // We process in chunks of 16 bytes
-    // The routine in simd.h is reused.
-    simd8<int8_t> temp{vreinterpretq_s8_u8(in)};
-    temp.store_ascii_as_utf16<big_endian>(utf16_output);
-    utf16_output += 16; // We wrote 16 16-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-
-  // 3 byte sequences are the next most common, as seen in CJK, which has long sequences
-  // of these.
-  if (input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    uint16x4_t composed = convert_utf8_3_byte_to_utf16(in);
-    // Byte swap if necessary
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      composed = vreinterpret_u16_u8(vrev16_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u16(composed)));
-    }
-    vst1_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(utf16_output), composed);
-    utf16_output += 4; // We wrote 4 16-bit characters.
-    return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-  }
-
-  // 2 byte sequences occur in short bursts in languages like Greek and Russian.
-  if ((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xFFF) == 0xaaa) {
-    // We want to take 6 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 6 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    uint16x8_t composed = convert_utf8_2_byte_to_utf16(in);
-    // Byte swap if necessary
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      composed = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(composed)));
-    }
-    vst1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf16_output), composed);
-
-    utf16_output += 6; // We wrote 6 16-bit characters.
-    return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-  }
-
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, or the fast path is unimportant, so we fallback.
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // Convert to UTF-16
-    uint16x8_t composed = convert_utf8_1_to_2_byte_to_utf16(in, idx);
-    // Byte swap if necessary
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      composed = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(composed)));
-    }
-    // Store
-    vst1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(utf16_output), composed);
-    utf16_output += 6; // We wrote 6 16-bit characters.
-    return consumed;
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    // UTF-16 and UTF-32 use similar algorithms, but UTF-32 skips the narrowing.
-    uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]));
-    // XXX: depending on the system scalar instructions might be faster.
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2 byte: 00000000 110bbbbb 10cccccc
-    // 3 byte: 1110aaaa 10bbbbbb 10cccccc
-    uint32x4_t perm = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2 byte: xx0bbbbb x0cccccc
-    // 3 byte: xxbbbbbb x0cccccc
-    uint16x4_t lowperm = vmovn_u32(perm);
-    // Partially mask with bic (doesn't require a temporary register unlike and)
-    // The shift left insert below will clear the top bits.
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000
-    // 2 byte: xx0bbbbb 00000000
-    // 3 byte: xxbbbbbb 00000000
-    uint16x4_t middlebyte = vbic_u16(lowperm, vmov_n_u16(uint16_t(~0xFF00)));
-    // ASCII
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2+byte: 00000000 00cccccc
-    uint16x4_t ascii = vand_u16(lowperm, vmov_n_u16(0x7F));
-    // Split into narrow vectors.
-    // 2 byte: 00000000 00000000
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 xxxxaaaa
-    uint16x4_t highperm = vshrn_n_u32(perm, 16);
-    // Shift right accumulate the middle byte
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2 byte: 00xx0bbb bbcccccc
-    // 3 byte: 00xxbbbb bbcccccc
-    uint16x4_t middlelow = vsra_n_u16(ascii, middlebyte, 2);
-    // Shift left and insert the top 4 bits, overwriting the garbage
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2 byte: 00000bbb bbcccccc
-    // 3 byte: aaaabbbb bbcccccc
-    uint16x4_t composed = vsli_n_u16(middlelow, highperm, 12);
-    // Byte swap if necessary
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      composed = vreinterpret_u16_u8(vrev16_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u16(composed)));
-    }
-    vst1_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(utf16_output), composed);
-
-    utf16_output += 4; // We wrote 4 16-bit codepoints
-    return consumed;
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // THREE (3) input code-code units
-    if (input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x888) {
-      // We want to take 3 4-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 3 4-byte UTF-16 pairs.
-      // Generating surrogate pairs is a little tricky though, but it is easier when we
-      // can assume they are all pairs.
-      // This version does not use the LUT, but 4 byte sequences are less common and the
-      // overhead of the extra memory access is less important than the early branch overhead
-      // in shorter sequences.
-
-      // Swap byte pairs
-      // 10dddddd 10cccccc|10bbbbbb 11110aaa
-      // 10cccccc 10dddddd|11110aaa 10bbbbbb
-      uint8x16_t swap = vrev16q_u8(in);
-      // Shift left 2 bits
-      // cccccc00 dddddd00 xxxxxxxx bbbbbb00
-      uint32x4_t shift = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vshlq_n_u8(swap, 2));
-      // Create a magic number containing the low 2 bits of the trail surrogate and all the
-      // corrections needed to create the pair.
-      // UTF-8 4b prefix   = -0x0000|0xF000
-      // surrogate offset  = -0x0000|0x0040 (0x10000 << 6)
-      // surrogate high    = +0x0000|0xD800
-      // surrogate low     = +0xDC00|0x0000
-      // -------------------------------
-      //                   = +0xDC00|0xE7C0
-      uint32x4_t magic = vmovq_n_u32(0xDC00E7C0);
-      // Generate unadjusted trail surrogate minus lowest 2 bits
-      // xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx|11110aaa bbbbbb00
-      uint32x4_t trail = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0x0000FF00), vreinterpretq_u32_u8(swap), shift);
-      // Insert low 2 bits of trail surrogate to magic number for later
-      // 11011100 00000000 11100111 110000cc
-      uint16x8_t magic_with_low_2 = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vsraq_n_u32(magic, shift, 30));
-      // Generate lead surrogate
-      // xxxxcccc ccdddddd|xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
-      uint32x4_t lead = vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vsliq_n_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u8(swap), vreinterpretq_u16_u8(in), 6));
-      // Mask out lead
-      // 000000cc ccdddddd|xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
-      lead = vbicq_u32(lead, vmovq_n_u32(uint32_t(~0x03FFFFFF)));
-      // Blend pairs
-      // 000000cc ccdddddd|11110aaa bbbbbb00
-      uint16x8_t blend = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0x0000FFFF), trail, lead));
-      // Add magic number to finish the result
-      // 110111CC CCDDDDDD|110110AA BBBBBBCC
-      uint16x8_t composed = vaddq_u16(blend, magic_with_low_2);
-      // Byte swap if necessary
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-        composed = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(composed)));
-      }
-      vst1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf16_output), composed);
-      utf16_output += 6; // We 3 32-bit surrogate pairs.
-      return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-    }
-    // 3 1-4 byte sequences
-    uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]));
-
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000 00000000 0ddddddd
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 00000000 110ccccc 10dddddd
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 1110bbbb 10cccccc 10dddddd
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa 10bbbbbb 10cccccc 10dddddd
-    uint32x4_t perm = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-    // Mask the low and middle bytes
-    // 00000000 00000000 00000000 0ddddddd
-    uint32x4_t ascii = vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x7f));
-    // Because the surrogates need more work, the high surrogate is computed first.
-    uint32x4_t middlehigh = vshlq_n_u32(perm, 2);
-    // 00000000 00000000 00cccccc 00000000
-    uint32x4_t middlebyte = vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x3F00));
-    // Start assembling the sequence. Since the 4th byte is in the same position as it
-    // would be in a surrogate and there is no dependency, shift left instead of right.
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 10bbbbxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa bbbbbbxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
-    uint32x4_t ab = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0xFF000000), perm, middlehigh);
-    // Top 16 bits contains the high ten bits of the surrogate pair before correction
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 10bbbbcc|cccc0000 00000000
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa bbbbbbcc|cccc0000 00000000 - high 10 bits correct w/o correction
-    uint32x4_t abc = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0xFFFC0000), ab, vshlq_n_u32(middlebyte, 4));
-    // Combine the low 6 or 7 bits by a shift right accumulate
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 00000010|bbbbcccc ccdddddd - low 16 bits correct
-    // 4 byte: 00000011 110aaabb|bbbbcccc ccdddddd - low 10 bits correct w/o correction
-    uint32x4_t composed = vsraq_n_u32(ascii, abc, 6);
-    // After this is for surrogates
-    // Blend the low and high surrogates
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa bbbbbbcc|bbbbcccc ccdddddd
-    uint32x4_t mixed = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0xFFFF0000), abc, composed);
-    // Clear the upper 6 bits of the low surrogate. Don't clear the upper bits yet as
-    // 0x10000 was not subtracted from the codepoint yet.
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa bbbbbbcc|000000cc ccdddddd
-    uint16x8_t masked_pair =
-        vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vbicq_u32(mixed, vmovq_n_u32(uint32_t(~0xFFFF03FF))));
-    // Correct the remaining UTF-8 prefix, surrogate offset, and add the surrogate prefixes
-    // in one magic 16-bit addition.
-    // similar magic number but without the continue byte adjust and halfword swapped
-    // UTF-8 4b prefix   = -0xF000|0x0000
-    // surrogate offset  = -0x0040|0x0000 (0x10000 << 6)
-    // surrogate high    = +0xD800|0x0000
-    // surrogate low     = +0x0000|0xDC00
-    // -----------------------------------
-    //                   = +0xE7C0|0xDC00
-    uint16x8_t magic = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0xE7C0DC00));
-    // 4 byte: 110110AA BBBBBBCC|110111CC CCDDDDDD - surrogate pair complete
-    uint32x4_t surrogates = vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vaddq_u16(masked_pair, magic));
-    // If the high bit is 1 (s32 less than zero), this needs a surrogate pair
-    uint32x4_t is_pair = vcltzq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(perm));
-
-    // Select either the 4 byte surrogate pair or the 2 byte solo codepoint
-    // 3 byte: 0xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx|bbbbcccc ccdddddd
-    // 4 byte: 110110AA BBBBBBCC|110111CC CCDDDDDD
-    uint32x4_t selected = vbslq_u32(is_pair, surrogates, composed);
-    // Byte swap if necessary
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      selected = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(selected)));
-    }
-    // Attempting to shuffle and store would be complex, just scalarize.
-    uint32_t buffer[4];
-    vst1q_u32(buffer, selected);
-    // Test for the top bit of the surrogate mask.
-    const uint32_t SURROGATE_MASK = match_system(big_endian) ? 0x80000000 : 0x00800000;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-      // Surrogate
-      if (buffer[i] & SURROGATE_MASK) {
-        utf16_output[0] = uint16_t(buffer[i] >> 16);
-        utf16_output[1] = uint16_t(buffer[i] & 0xFFFF);
-        utf16_output += 2;
-      } else {
-        utf16_output[0] = uint16_t(buffer[i] & 0xFFFF);
-        utf16_output++;
-      }
-    }
-    return consumed;
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-    return 12;
-  }
-}
-
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to utf32 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char32_t *&utf32_out) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  uint32_t*& utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*&>(utf32_out);
-  uint8x16_t in = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(input));
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xFFF;
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  if((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff) {
-    // We process in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    // use fast implementation in src/simdutf/arm64/simd.h
-    // Ideally the compiler can keep the tables in registers.
-    simd8<int8_t> temp{vreinterpretq_s8_u8(in)};
-    temp.store_ascii_as_utf32_tbl(utf32_out);
-    utf32_output += 16; // We wrote 16 32-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // Convert to UTF-16
-    uint16x4_t composed_utf16 = convert_utf8_3_byte_to_utf16(in);
-    // Zero extend and store via ST2 with a zero.
-    uint16x4x2_t interleaver = {{ composed_utf16, vmov_n_u16(0) }};
-    vst2_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf32_output), interleaver);
-    utf32_output += 4; // We wrote 4 32-bit characters.
-    return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-  }
-
-  // 2 byte sequences occur in short bursts in languages like Greek and Russian.
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0xaaa) {
-    // We want to take 6 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 6 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // Convert to UTF-16
-    uint16x8_t composed_utf16 = convert_utf8_2_byte_to_utf16(in);
-    // Zero extend and store via ST2 with a zero.
-    uint16x8x2_t interleaver = {{ composed_utf16, vmovq_n_u16(0) }};
-    vst2q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf32_output), interleaver);
-    utf32_output += 6; // We wrote 6 32-bit characters.
-    return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-  }
-  /// Either no fast path or an unimportant fast path.
-
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-
-
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // Convert to UTF-16
-    uint16x8_t composed_utf16 = convert_utf8_1_to_2_byte_to_utf16(in, idx);
-    // Zero extend and store with ST2 and zero
-    uint16x8x2_t interleaver = {{ composed_utf16, vmovq_n_u16(0) }};
-    vst2q_u16(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(utf32_output), interleaver);
-    utf32_output += 6; // We wrote 6 32-bit characters.
-    return consumed;
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    // UTF-16 and UTF-32 use similar algorithms, but UTF-32 skips the narrowing.
-    uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]));
-    // Shuffle
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc
-    // 2 byte: 00000000 110bbbbb 10cccccc
-    // 3 byte: 1110aaaa 10bbbbbb 10cccccc
-    uint32x4_t perm = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-    // Split
-    // 00000000 00000000 0ccccccc
-    uint32x4_t ascii = vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x7F));    // 6 or 7 bits
-    // Note: unmasked
-    // xxxxxxxx aaaaxxxx xxxxxxxx
-    uint32x4_t high = vshrq_n_u32(perm, 4);                   // 4 bits
-    // Use 16 bit bic instead of and.
-    // The top bits will be corrected later in the bsl
-    // 00000000 10bbbbbb 00000000
-    uint32x4_t middle =
-        vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vbicq_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u32(perm), vmovq_n_u16(uint16_t(~0xff00)))); // 5 or 6 bits
-    // Combine low and middle with shift right accumulate
-    // 00000000 00xxbbbb bbcccccc
-    uint32x4_t lowmid = vsraq_n_u32(ascii, middle, 2);
-    // Insert top 4 bits from high byte with bitwise select
-    // 00000000 aaaabbbb bbcccccc
-    uint32x4_t composed = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0x0000F000), high, lowmid);
-    vst1q_u32(utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 4; // We wrote 4 32-bit characters.
-    return consumed;
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // THREE (3) input code-code units
-    if (input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x888) {
-      // We want to take 3 4-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 3 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-      // This uses the same method as the fixed 3 byte version, reversing and shift left insert.
-      // However, there is no need for a shuffle mask now, just rev16 and rev32.
-      //
-      // This version does not use the LUT, but 4 byte sequences are less common and the
-      // overhead of the extra memory access is less important than the early branch overhead
-      // in shorter sequences, so it comes last.
-
-      // Swap pairs of bytes
-      // 10dddddd|10cccccc|10bbbbbb|11110aaa
-      // 10cccccc 10dddddd|11110aaa 10bbbbbb
-      uint16x8_t swap1 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(in));
-      // Shift left and insert
-      // xxxxcccc ccdddddd|xxxxxxxa aabbbbbb
-      uint16x8_t merge1 = vsliq_n_u16(swap1, vreinterpretq_u16_u8(in), 6);
-      // Swap 16-bit lanes
-      // xxxxcccc ccdddddd xxxxxxxa aabbbbbb
-      // xxxxxxxa aabbbbbb xxxxcccc ccdddddd
-      uint32x4_t swap2 = vreinterpretq_u32_u16(vrev32q_u16(merge1));
-      // Shift insert again
-      // xxxxxxxx xxxaaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd
-      uint32x4_t merge2 = vsliq_n_u32(swap2, vreinterpretq_u32_u16(merge1), 12);
-      // Clear the garbage
-      // 00000000 000aaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd
-      uint32x4_t composed = vandq_u32(merge2, vmovq_n_u32(0x1FFFFF));
-      // Store
-      vst1q_u32(utf32_output, composed);
-
-      utf32_output += 3; // We wrote 3 32-bit characters.
-      return 12; // We consumed 12 bytes.
-    }
-    // Unlike UTF-16, doing a fast codepath doesn't have nearly as much benefit due to
-    // surrogates no longer being involved.
-    uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]));
-    // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000 00000000 0ddddddd
-    // 2 byte: 00000000 00000000 110ccccc 10dddddd
-    // 3 byte: 00000000 1110bbbb 10cccccc 10dddddd
-    // 4 byte: 11110aaa 10bbbbbb 10cccccc 10dddddd
-    uint32x4_t perm = vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-    // Ascii
-    uint32x4_t ascii = vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x7F));
-    uint32x4_t middle = vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x3f00));
-    // When converting the way we do, the 3 byte prefix will be interpreted as the
-    // 18th bit being set, since the code would interpret the lead byte (0b1110bbbb)
-    // as a continuation byte (0b10bbbbbb). To fix this, we can either xor or do an
-    // 8 bit add of the 6th bit shifted right by 1. Since NEON has shift right accumulate,
-    // we use that.
-    //  4 byte   3 byte
-    // 10bbbbbb 1110bbbb
-    // 00000000 01000000 6th bit
-    // 00000000 00100000 shift right
-    // 10bbbbbb 0000bbbb add
-    // 00bbbbbb 0000bbbb mask
-    uint8x16_t correction =
-        vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vandq_u32(perm, vmovq_n_u32(0x00400000)));
-    uint32x4_t corrected =
-        vreinterpretq_u32_u8(vsraq_n_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u32(perm), correction, 1));
-    // 00000000 00000000 0000cccc ccdddddd
-    uint32x4_t cd = vsraq_n_u32(ascii, middle, 2);
-    // Insert twice
-    // xxxxxxxx xxxaaabb bbbbxxxx xxxxxxxx
-    uint32x4_t ab = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0x01C0000), vshrq_n_u32(corrected, 6), vshrq_n_u32(corrected, 4));
-    // 00000000 000aaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd
-    uint32x4_t composed = vbslq_u32(vmovq_n_u32(0xFFE00FFF), cd, ab);
-    // Store
-    vst1q_u32(utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 3; // We wrote 3 32-bit characters.
-    return consumed;
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-    return 12;
-  }
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-// Convert up to 16 bytes from utf8 to utf16 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 16, usually 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char *&latin1_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  uint8x16_t in = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(input));
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  // The obvious first test is ASCII, which actually consumes the full 16.
-  if((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xFFFF) == 0xffff) {
-    // We process in chunks of 16 bytes
-    vst1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), in);
-    latin1_output += 16; // We wrote 16 18-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, or the fast path is unimportant, so we fallback.
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  // this indicates an invalid input:
-  if(idx >= 64) { return consumed; }
-  // Here we should have (idx < 64), if not, there is a bug in the validation or elsewhere.
-  // SIX (6) input code-code units
-  // this is a relatively easy scenario
-  // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-  // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes.
-  // Converts 6 1-2 byte UTF-8 characters to 6 UTF-16 characters.
-  // This is a relatively easy scenario
-  // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-  // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes.
-  uint8x16_t sh = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]));
-  // Shuffle
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 110aaaaa 10bbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t perm = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(in, sh));
-  // Mask
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 00000000 00bbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t ascii = vandq_u16(perm, vmovq_n_u16(0x7f)); // 6 or 7 bits
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 00000000
-  // 2 byte: 000aaaaa 00000000
-  uint16x8_t highbyte = vandq_u16(perm, vmovq_n_u16(0x1f00)); // 5 bits
-  // Combine with a shift right accumulate
-  // 1 byte: 00000000 0bbbbbbb
-  // 2 byte: 00000aaa aabbbbbb
-  uint16x8_t composed = vsraq_n_u16(ascii, highbyte, 2);
-  // writing 8 bytes even though we only care about the first 6 bytes.
-  uint8x8_t latin1_packed = vmovn_u16(composed);
-  vst1_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-  latin1_output += 6; // We wrote 6 bytes.
-  return consumed;
-}
-
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0xff) {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        uint8x8_t latin1_packed = vmovn_u16(in);
-        // 2. store (8 bytes)
-        vst1_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(latin1_output));
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char*> arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0xff) {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        uint8x8_t latin1_packed = vmovn_u16(in);
-        // 2. store (8 bytes)
-        vst1_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      for(int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if(word <= 0xff) {
-          *latin1_output++ = char(word);
-        } else {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), latin1_output);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_out) {
-  uint8_t * utf8_output = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(utf8_out);
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_f800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_c080 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-    if(vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0x7F) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        // It is common enough that we have sequences of 16 consecutive ASCII characters.
-        uint16x8_t nextin = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf) + 8);
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) { nextin = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(nextin))); }
-        if(vmaxvq_u16(nextin) > 0x7F) {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          uint8x8_t utf8_packed = vmovn_u16(in);
-          // 2. store (8 bytes)
-          vst1_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += 8;
-          in = nextin;
-        } else {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vmovn_high_u16(vmovn_u16(in), nextin);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          utf8_output += 16;
-          continue; // we are done for this round!
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0x7FF) {
-          // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-          // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-          // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-          const uint16x8_t v_1f00 = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-          const uint16x8_t v_003f = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-          // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-          const uint16x8_t t0 = vshlq_n_u16(in, 2);
-          // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, v_1f00);
-          // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t2 = vandq_u16(in, v_003f);
-          // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t3 = vorrq_u16(t1, t2);
-          // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t4 = vorrq_u16(t3, v_c080);
-          // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-          const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-          const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_007f);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_unpacked = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vbslq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, in, t4));
-          // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t mask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080);
-#else
-          const uint16x8_t mask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080 };
-#endif
-          uint16_t m2 = vaddvq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, mask));
-          // 4. pack the bytes
-          const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle = vld1q_u8(row + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vqtbl1q_u8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-          // 5. store bytes
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-          // 6. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += row[0];
-          continue;
-
-    }
-    const uint16x8_t surrogates_bytemask = vceqq_u16(vandq_u16(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(surrogates_bytemask) == 0) {
-        // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t dup_even = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                     0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-#else
-        const uint16x8_t dup_even = {0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                     0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e};
-#endif
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) vmovq_n_u16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(dup_even)));
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t2 = vorrq_u16 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // s0: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|0000|0000|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s0 = vshrq_n_u16(in, 12);
-        // s1: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t s1 = vandq_u16(in, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111000000));
-        // [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t s1s = vshlq_n_u16(s1, 2);
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s2 = vorrq_u16(s0, s1s);
-        // s3: [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s3 = vorrq_u16(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const uint16x8_t v_07ff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x07FF);
-        const uint16x8_t one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_07ff);
-        const uint16x8_t m0 = vbicq_u16(simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000), one_or_two_bytes_bytemask);
-        const uint16x8_t s4 = veorq_u16(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const uint8x16_t out0 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip1q_u16(t2, s4));
-        const uint8x16_t out1 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip2q_u16(t2, s4));
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-        const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_007f);
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t onemask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                    0x1000, 0x4000 );
-        const uint16x8_t twomask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                    0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                    0x2000, 0x8000 );
-#else
-        const uint16x8_t onemask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                    0x1000, 0x4000 };
-        const uint16x8_t twomask = { 0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                    0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                    0x2000, 0x8000 };
-#endif
-        const uint16x8_t combined = vorrq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, onemask), vandq_u16(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, twomask));
-        const uint16_t mask = vaddvq_u16(combined);
-        // The following fast path may or may not be beneficial.
-        /*if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle = {2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0,0,0,0};
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle);
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 8;
-          continue;
-        }*/
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle0 = vld1q_u8(row0 + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle1 = vld1q_u8(row1 + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k + 1]) : buf[k + 1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char*> arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_out) {
-  uint8_t * utf8_output = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(utf8_out);
-    const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_f800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_c080 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-    if(vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0x7F) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        // It is common enough that we have sequences of 16 consecutive ASCII characters.
-        uint16x8_t nextin = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf) + 8);
-        if (!match_system(big_endian)) { nextin = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(nextin))); }
-        if(vmaxvq_u16(nextin) > 0x7F) {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          uint8x8_t utf8_packed = vmovn_u16(in);
-          // 2. store (8 bytes)
-          vst1_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += 8;
-          in = nextin;
-        } else {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vmovn_high_u16(vmovn_u16(in), nextin);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          utf8_output += 16;
-          continue; // we are done for this round!
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(in) <= 0x7FF) {
-          // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-          // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-          // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-          const uint16x8_t v_1f00 = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-          const uint16x8_t v_003f = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-          // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-          const uint16x8_t t0 = vshlq_n_u16(in, 2);
-          // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, v_1f00);
-          // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t2 = vandq_u16(in, v_003f);
-          // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t3 = vorrq_u16(t1, t2);
-          // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-          const uint16x8_t t4 = vorrq_u16(t3, v_c080);
-          // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-          const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-          const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_007f);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_unpacked = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vbslq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, in, t4));
-          // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t mask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080);
-#else
-          const uint16x8_t mask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080 };
-#endif
-          uint16_t m2 = vaddvq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, mask));
-          // 4. pack the bytes
-          const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle = vld1q_u8(row + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vqtbl1q_u8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-          // 5. store bytes
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-          // 6. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += row[0];
-          continue;
-
-    }
-    const uint16x8_t surrogates_bytemask = vceqq_u16(vandq_u16(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(surrogates_bytemask) == 0) {
-        // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t dup_even = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                     0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-#else
-        const uint16x8_t dup_even = {0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                     0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e};
-#endif
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) vmovq_n_u16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(dup_even)));
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const uint16x8_t t2 = vorrq_u16 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // s0: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|0000|0000|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s0 = vshrq_n_u16(in, 12);
-        // s1: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t s1 = vandq_u16(in, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111000000));
-        // [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t s1s = vshlq_n_u16(s1, 2);
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s2 = vorrq_u16(s0, s1s);
-        // s3: [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const uint16x8_t s3 = vorrq_u16(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const uint16x8_t v_07ff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x07FF);
-        const uint16x8_t one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_07ff);
-        const uint16x8_t m0 = vbicq_u16(simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000), one_or_two_bytes_bytemask);
-        const uint16x8_t s4 = veorq_u16(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const uint8x16_t out0 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip1q_u16(t2, s4));
-        const uint8x16_t out1 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip2q_u16(t2, s4));
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-        const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(in, v_007f);
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t onemask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                    0x1000, 0x4000 );
-        const uint16x8_t twomask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                    0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                    0x2000, 0x8000 );
-#else
-        const uint16x8_t onemask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                    0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                    0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                    0x1000, 0x4000 };
-        const uint16x8_t twomask = { 0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                    0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                    0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                    0x2000, 0x8000 };
-#endif
-        const uint16x8_t combined = vorrq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, onemask), vandq_u16(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, twomask));
-        const uint16_t mask = vaddvq_u16(combined);
-        // The following fast path may or may not be beneficial.
-        /*if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle = {2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0,0,0,0};
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle);
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 8;
-          continue;
-        }*/
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle0 = vld1q_u8(row0 + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle1 = vld1q_u8(row1 + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k + 1]) : buf[k + 1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_out) {
-  uint32_t * utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(utf32_out);
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_f800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-
-    const uint16x8_t surrogates_bytemask = vceqq_u16(vandq_u16(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(surrogates_bytemask) == 0) {
-      // case: no surrogate pairs, extend all 16-bit code units to 32-bit code units
-      vst1q_u32(utf32_output,  vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(in)));
-      vst1q_u32(utf32_output+4,  vmovl_high_u16(in));
-      utf32_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k + 1]) : buf[k + 1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(utf32_output)); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(utf32_output));
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char32_t*> arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_out) {
-  uint32_t * utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(utf32_out);
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_f800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint16x8_t in = vld1q_u16(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(buf));
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) { in = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vrev16q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(in))); }
-
-    const uint16x8_t surrogates_bytemask = vceqq_u16(vandq_u16(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(surrogates_bytemask) == 0) {
-      // case: no surrogate pairs, extend all 16-bit code units to 32-bit code units
-      vst1q_u32(utf32_output,  vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(in)));
-      vst1q_u32(utf32_output+4,  vmovl_high_u16(in));
-      utf32_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k + 1]) : buf[k + 1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(utf32_output)); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char32_t*>(utf32_output));
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint32x4_t in1 = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-    uint32x4_t in2 = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf+4));
-
-    uint16x8_t utf16_packed = vcombine_u16(vqmovn_u32(in1), vqmovn_u32(in2));
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0xff) {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        uint8x8_t latin1_packed = vmovn_u16(utf16_packed);
-        // 2. store (8 bytes)
-        vst1_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(latin1_output));
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-
-
-std::pair<result, char*> arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    uint32x4_t in1 = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-    uint32x4_t in2 = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf+4));
-
-    uint16x8_t utf16_packed = vcombine_u16(vqmovn_u32(in1), vqmovn_u32(in2));
-
-    if (vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0xff) {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        uint8x8_t latin1_packed = vmovn_u16(utf16_packed);
-        // 2. store (8 bytes)
-        vst1_u8(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      for(int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if(word <= 0xff) {
-          *latin1_output++ = char(word);
-        } else {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), latin1_output);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_out) {
-  uint8_t * utf8_output = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(utf8_out);
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_c080 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-
-  uint16x8_t forbidden_bytemask = vmovq_n_u16(0x0);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin < end) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-    uint32x4_t nextin = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf+4));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(vorrq_u32(in, nextin)) <= 0xFFFF) {
-      // Pack UTF-32 to UTF-16 safely (without surrogate pairs)
-      // Apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine (arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-      uint16x8_t utf16_packed = vcombine_u16(vmovn_u32(in), vmovn_u32(nextin));
-      if(vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0x7F) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        // obviously suboptimal.
-        uint8x8_t utf8_packed = vmovn_u16(utf16_packed);
-        // 2. store (8 bytes)
-        vst1_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        utf8_output += 8;
-        continue; // we are done for this round!
-      }
-
-      if (vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0x7FF) {
-        // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-        // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-        // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-        const uint16x8_t v_1f00 = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-        const uint16x8_t v_003f = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-        // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const uint16x8_t t0 = vshlq_n_u16(utf16_packed, 2);
-        // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, v_1f00);
-        // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t2 = vandq_u16(utf16_packed, v_003f);
-        // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t3 = vorrq_u16(t1, t2);
-        // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t4 = vorrq_u16(t3, v_c080);
-        // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-        const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-        const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_007f);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_unpacked = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vbslq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, utf16_packed, t4));
-        // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t mask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                  0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                  0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                  0x0020, 0x0080);
-  #else
-        const uint16x8_t mask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                  0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                  0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                  0x0020, 0x0080 };
-  #endif
-        uint16_t m2 = vaddvq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, mask));
-        // 4. pack the bytes
-        const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle = vld1q_u8(row + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vqtbl1q_u8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-        // 5. store bytes
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-        // 6. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        utf8_output += row[0];
-        continue;
-      } else {
-        // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-        const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-        const uint16x8_t v_dfff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-        forbidden_bytemask = vorrq_u16(vandq_u16(vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_dfff), vcgeq_u16(utf16_packed, v_d800)), forbidden_bytemask);
-
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t dup_even = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                      0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-  #else
-          const uint16x8_t dup_even = {0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                      0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e};
-  #endif
-          /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-            1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-            2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-            3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-            We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-            we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-            layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-            We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-            in register t2.
-
-            We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-            either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-            differ by exactly one bit.
-
-            Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-            into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-          */
-          /**
-           * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-           * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-           * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-           */
-  #define simdutf_vec(x) vmovq_n_u16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-          // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(utf16_packed), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(dup_even)));
-          // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-          // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t2 = vorrq_u16 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-          // s0: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|0000|0000|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s0 = vshrq_n_u16(utf16_packed, 12);
-          // s1: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t s1 = vandq_u16(utf16_packed, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111000000));
-          // [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t s1s = vshlq_n_u16(s1, 2);
-          // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s2 = vorrq_u16(s0, s1s);
-          // s3: [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s3 = vorrq_u16(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-          const uint16x8_t v_07ff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x07FF);
-          const uint16x8_t one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_07ff);
-          const uint16x8_t m0 = vbicq_u16(simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000), one_or_two_bytes_bytemask);
-          const uint16x8_t s4 = veorq_u16(s3, m0);
-  #undef simdutf_vec
-
-          // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-          const uint8x16_t out0 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip1q_u16(t2, s4));
-          const uint8x16_t out1 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip2q_u16(t2, s4));
-
-          // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-          const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-          const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_007f);
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t onemask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                      0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                      0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                      0x1000, 0x4000 );
-          const uint16x8_t twomask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                      0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                      0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                      0x2000, 0x8000 );
-  #else
-          const uint16x8_t onemask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                      0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                      0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                      0x1000, 0x4000 };
-          const uint16x8_t twomask = { 0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                      0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                      0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                      0x2000, 0x8000 };
-  #endif
-          const uint16x8_t combined = vorrq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, onemask), vandq_u16(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, twomask));
-          const uint16_t mask = vaddvq_u16(combined);
-          // The following fast path may or may not be beneficial.
-          /*if(mask == 0) {
-            // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-            const uint8x16_t shuffle = {2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0,0,0,0};
-            const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle);
-            const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle);
-            vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-            utf8_output += 12;
-            vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-            utf8_output += 12;
-            buf += 8;
-            continue;
-          }*/
-          const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-          const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle0 = vld1q_u8(row0 + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-          const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-          const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle1 = vld1q_u8(row1 + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += row0[0];
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-          buf += 8;
-      }
-    // At least one 32-bit word will produce a surrogate pair in UTF-16 <=> will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  if (vmaxvq_u16(forbidden_bytemask) != 0) {
-    return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-  }
-  return std::make_pair(buf, reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-}
-
-
-std::pair<result, char*> arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_out) {
-  uint8_t * utf8_output = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(utf8_out);
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const uint16x8_t v_c080 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin < end) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-    uint32x4_t nextin = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf+4));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(vorrq_u32(in, nextin)) <= 0xFFFF) {
-      // Pack UTF-32 to UTF-16 safely (without surrogate pairs)
-      // Apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine (arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-      uint16x8_t utf16_packed = vcombine_u16(vmovn_u32(in), vmovn_u32(nextin));
-      if(vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0x7F) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          uint8x8_t utf8_packed = vmovn_u16(utf16_packed);
-          // 2. store (8 bytes)
-          vst1_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += 8;
-          continue; // we are done for this round!
-      }
-
-      if (vmaxvq_u16(utf16_packed) <= 0x7FF) {
-        // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-        // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-        // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-        const uint16x8_t v_1f00 = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-        const uint16x8_t v_003f = vmovq_n_u16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-        // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const uint16x8_t t0 = vshlq_n_u16(utf16_packed, 2);
-        // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-        const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, v_1f00);
-        // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t2 = vandq_u16(utf16_packed, v_003f);
-        // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t3 = vorrq_u16(t1, t2);
-        // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-        const uint16x8_t t4 = vorrq_u16(t3, v_c080);
-        // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-        const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-        const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_007f);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_unpacked = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vbslq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, utf16_packed, t4));
-        // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-        const uint16x8_t mask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                  0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                  0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                  0x0020, 0x0080);
-  #else
-        const uint16x8_t mask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                  0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                  0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                  0x0020, 0x0080 };
-  #endif
-        uint16_t m2 = vaddvq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, mask));
-        // 4. pack the bytes
-        const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-        const uint8x16_t shuffle = vld1q_u8(row + 1);
-        const uint8x16_t utf8_packed = vqtbl1q_u8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-        // 5. store bytes
-        vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-        // 6. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        utf8_output += row[0];
-        continue;
-      } else {
-        // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-
-        // check for invalid input
-        const uint16x8_t v_d800 = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-        const uint16x8_t v_dfff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-        const uint16x8_t forbidden_bytemask = vandq_u16(vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_dfff), vcgeq_u16(utf16_packed, v_d800));
-        if (vmaxvq_u16(forbidden_bytemask) != 0) {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-        }
-
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t dup_even = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                      0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-  #else
-          const uint16x8_t dup_even = {0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                      0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e};
-  #endif
-          /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-            1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-            2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-            3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-            We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-            we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-            layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-            We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-            in register t2.
-
-            We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-            either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-            differ by exactly one bit.
-
-            Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-            into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-          */
-          /**
-           * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-           * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-           * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-           */
-  #define simdutf_vec(x) vmovq_n_u16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-          // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t0 = vreinterpretq_u16_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(vreinterpretq_u8_u16(utf16_packed), vreinterpretq_u8_u16(dup_even)));
-          // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t1 = vandq_u16(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-          // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-          const uint16x8_t t2 = vorrq_u16 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-          // s0: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|0000|0000|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s0 = vshrq_n_u16(utf16_packed, 12);
-          // s1: [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t s1 = vandq_u16(utf16_packed, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111000000));
-          // [0000|bbbb|bb00|0000] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|0000]
-          const uint16x8_t s1s = vshlq_n_u16(s1, 2);
-          // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s2 = vorrq_u16(s0, s1s);
-          // s3: [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-          const uint16x8_t s3 = vorrq_u16(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-          const uint16x8_t v_07ff = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x07FF);
-          const uint16x8_t one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_07ff);
-          const uint16x8_t m0 = vbicq_u16(simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000), one_or_two_bytes_bytemask);
-          const uint16x8_t s4 = veorq_u16(s3, m0);
-  #undef simdutf_vec
-
-          // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-          const uint8x16_t out0 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip1q_u16(t2, s4));
-          const uint8x16_t out1 = vreinterpretq_u8_u16(vzip2q_u16(t2, s4));
-
-          // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-          const uint16x8_t v_007f = vmovq_n_u16((uint16_t)0x007F);
-          const uint16x8_t one_byte_bytemask = vcleq_u16(utf16_packed, v_007f);
-  #ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-          const uint16x8_t onemask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                      0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                      0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                      0x1000, 0x4000 );
-          const uint16x8_t twomask = simdutf_make_uint16x8_t(0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                      0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                      0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                      0x2000, 0x8000 );
-  #else
-          const uint16x8_t onemask = { 0x0001, 0x0004,
-                                      0x0010, 0x0040,
-                                      0x0100, 0x0400,
-                                      0x1000, 0x4000 };
-          const uint16x8_t twomask = { 0x0002, 0x0008,
-                                      0x0020, 0x0080,
-                                      0x0200, 0x0800,
-                                      0x2000, 0x8000 };
-  #endif
-          const uint16x8_t combined = vorrq_u16(vandq_u16(one_byte_bytemask, onemask), vandq_u16(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, twomask));
-          const uint16_t mask = vaddvq_u16(combined);
-          // The following fast path may or may not be beneficial.
-          /*if(mask == 0) {
-            // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-            const uint8x16_t shuffle = {2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,0,0,0,0};
-            const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle);
-            const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle);
-            vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-            utf8_output += 12;
-            vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-            utf8_output += 12;
-            buf += 8;
-            continue;
-          }*/
-          const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-          const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle0 = vld1q_u8(row0 + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_0 = vqtbl1q_u8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-          const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-          const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-          const uint8x16_t shuffle1 = vld1q_u8(row1 + 1);
-          const uint8x16_t utf8_1 = vqtbl1q_u8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += row0[0];
-          vst1q_u8(utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-          buf += 8;
-      }
-    // At least one 32-bit word will produce a surrogate pair in UTF-16 <=> will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output)); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char*>(utf8_output));
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_out) {
-  uint16_t * utf16_output = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(utf16_out);
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  uint16x4_t forbidden_bytemask = vmov_n_u16(0x0);
-
-  while(buf + 4 <= end) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(in) <= 0xFFFF) {
-      uint16x4_t utf16_packed = vmovn_u32(in);
-
-      const uint16x4_t v_d800 = vmov_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const uint16x4_t v_dfff = vmov_n_u16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-      forbidden_bytemask = vorr_u16(vand_u16(vcle_u16(utf16_packed, v_dfff), vcge_u16(utf16_packed, v_d800)), forbidden_bytemask);
-
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { utf16_packed = vreinterpret_u16_u8(vrev16_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u16(utf16_packed))); }
-      vst1_u16(utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 4;
-      buf += 4;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 3;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output)); }
-          *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(word >> 8 | word << 8) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output)); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t(high_surrogate >> 8 | high_surrogate << 8);
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t(low_surrogate << 8 | low_surrogate >> 8);
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  if (vmaxv_u16(forbidden_bytemask) != 0) {
-    return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output));
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output));
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char16_t*> arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_out) {
-  uint16_t * utf16_output = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(utf16_out);
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  while(buf + 4 <= end) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(buf));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if(vmaxvq_u32(in) <= 0xFFFF) {
-      uint16x4_t utf16_packed = vmovn_u32(in);
-
-      const uint16x4_t v_d800 = vmov_n_u16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const uint16x4_t v_dfff = vmov_n_u16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-      const uint16x4_t forbidden_bytemask = vand_u16(vcle_u16(utf16_packed, v_dfff), vcge_u16(utf16_packed, v_d800));
-      if (vmaxv_u16(forbidden_bytemask) != 0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output));
-      }
-
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { utf16_packed = vreinterpret_u16_u8(vrev16_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u16(utf16_packed))); }
-      vst1_u16(utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 4;
-      buf += 4;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 3;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output)); }
-          *utf16_output++ = !match_system(big_endian) ? char16_t(word >> 8 | word << 8) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output)); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t(high_surrogate >> 8 | high_surrogate << 8);
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t(low_surrogate << 8 | low_surrogate >> 8);
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), reinterpret_cast<char16_t*>(utf16_output));
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/arm64/arm_base64.cpp */
-/**
- * References and further reading:
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Base64 encoding and decoding at almost the
- * speed of a memory copy, Software: Practice and Experience 50 (2), 2020.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05109
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Faster Base64 Encoding and Decoding using AVX2
- * Instructions, ACM Transactions on the Web 12 (3), 2018.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00605
- *
- * Simon Josefsson. 2006. The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings.
- * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648. (2006). Internet Engineering Task Force,
- * Request for Comments: 4648.
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014a. Fast Base64 encoding/decoding with SSE vectorization.
- * http://www.alfredklomp.com/programming/sse-base64/. (2014).
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014b. Fast Base64 stream encoder/decoder in C99, with SIMD
- * acceleration. https://github.com/aklomp/base64. (2014).
- *
- * Hanson Char. 2014. A Fast and Correct Base 64 Codec. (2014).
- * https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/a-fast-and-correct-base-64-codec/
- *
- * Nick Kopp. 2013. Base64 Encoding on a GPU.
- * https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/276993/Base-Encoding-on-a-GPU. (2013).
- */
-
-size_t encode_base64(char *dst, const char *src, size_t srclen,
-                     base64_options options) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)dst;
-  constexpr static uint8_t source_table[64] = {
-      'A', 'Q', 'g', 'w', 'B', 'R', 'h', 'x', 'C', 'S', 'i', 'y', 'D',
-      'T', 'j', 'z', 'E', 'U', 'k', '0', 'F', 'V', 'l', '1', 'G', 'W',
-      'm', '2', 'H', 'X', 'n', '3', 'I', 'Y', 'o', '4', 'J', 'Z', 'p',
-      '5', 'K', 'a', 'q', '6', 'L', 'b', 'r', '7', 'M', 'c', 's', '8',
-      'N', 'd', 't', '9', 'O', 'e', 'u', '+', 'P', 'f', 'v', '/',
-  };
-  constexpr static uint8_t source_table_url[64] = {
-      'A', 'Q', 'g', 'w', 'B', 'R', 'h', 'x', 'C', 'S', 'i', 'y', 'D',
-      'T', 'j', 'z', 'E', 'U', 'k', '0', 'F', 'V', 'l', '1', 'G', 'W',
-      'm', '2', 'H', 'X', 'n', '3', 'I', 'Y', 'o', '4', 'J', 'Z', 'p',
-      '5', 'K', 'a', 'q', '6', 'L', 'b', 'r', '7', 'M', 'c', 's', '8',
-      'N', 'd', 't', '9', 'O', 'e', 'u', '-', 'P', 'f', 'v', '_',
-  };
-  const uint8x16_t v3f = vdupq_n_u8(0x3f);
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  // When trying to load a uint8_t array, Visual Studio might
-  // error with: error C2664: '__n128x4 neon_ld4m_q8(const char *)':
-  // cannot convert argument 1 from 'const uint8_t [64]' to 'const char *
-  const uint8x16x4_t table =
-      vld4q_u8((reinterpret_cast<const char *>(
-        options & base64_url) ? source_table_url : source_table));
-#else
-  const uint8x16x4_t table =
-      vld4q_u8((options & base64_url) ? source_table_url : source_table);
-#endif
-  size_t i = 0;
-  for (; i + 16 * 3 <= srclen; i += 16 * 3) {
-    const uint8x16x3_t in = vld3q_u8((const uint8_t *)src + i);
-    uint8x16x4_t result;
-    result.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(in.val[0], 2);
-    result.val[1] =
-        vandq_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vshrq_n_u8(in.val[1], 4), in.val[0], 4), v3f);
-    result.val[2] =
-        vandq_u8(vsliq_n_u8(vshrq_n_u8(in.val[2], 6), in.val[1], 2), v3f);
-    result.val[3] = vandq_u8(in.val[2], v3f);
-    result.val[0] = vqtbl4q_u8(table, result.val[0]);
-    result.val[1] = vqtbl4q_u8(table, result.val[1]);
-    result.val[2] = vqtbl4q_u8(table, result.val[2]);
-    result.val[3] = vqtbl4q_u8(table, result.val[3]);
-    vst4q_u8(out, result);
-    out += 64;
-  }
-  out += scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64((char *)out, src + i, srclen - i,
-                                            options);
-
-  return size_t((char *)out - dst);
-}
-
-static inline void compress(uint8x16_t data, uint16_t mask, char *output) {
-  if (mask == 0) {
-    vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output, data);
-    return;
-  }
-  uint8_t mask1 = uint8_t(mask);      // least significant 8 bits
-  uint8_t mask2 = uint8_t(mask >> 8); // most significant 8 bits
-  uint64x2_t compactmasku64 = {tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask1],
-                               tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask2]};
-  uint8x16_t compactmask = vreinterpretq_u8_u64(compactmasku64);
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  const uint8x16_t off =
-      simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8);
-#else
-  const uint8x16_t off = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8};
-#endif
-
-  compactmask = vaddq_u8(compactmask, off);
-  uint8x16_t pruned = vqtbl1q_u8(data, compactmask);
-
-  int pop1 = tables::base64::BitsSetTable256mul2[mask1];
-  // then load the corresponding mask, what it does is to write
-  // only the first pop1 bytes from the first 8 bytes, and then
-  // it fills in with the bytes from the second 8 bytes + some filling
-  // at the end.
-  compactmask = vld1q_u8(tables::base64::pshufb_combine_table + pop1 * 8);
-  uint8x16_t answer = vqtbl1q_u8(pruned, compactmask);
-  vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output, answer);
-}
-
-struct block64 {
-  uint8x16_t chunks[4];
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(block64) == 64, "block64 is not 64 bytes");
-template <bool base64_url> uint64_t to_base64_mask(block64 *b, bool *error) {
-  uint8x16_t v0f = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);
-
-  uint8x16_t underscore0, underscore1, underscore2, underscore3;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    underscore0 = vceqq_u8(b->chunks[0], vdupq_n_u8(0x5f));
-    underscore1 = vceqq_u8(b->chunks[1], vdupq_n_u8(0x5f));
-    underscore2 = vceqq_u8(b->chunks[2], vdupq_n_u8(0x5f));
-    underscore3 = vceqq_u8(b->chunks[3], vdupq_n_u8(0x5f));
-  } else {
-    (void)underscore0;
-    (void)underscore1;
-    (void)underscore2;
-    (void)underscore3;
-  }
-
-  uint8x16_t lo_nibbles0 = vandq_u8(b->chunks[0], v0f);
-  uint8x16_t lo_nibbles1 = vandq_u8(b->chunks[1], v0f);
-  uint8x16_t lo_nibbles2 = vandq_u8(b->chunks[2], v0f);
-  uint8x16_t lo_nibbles3 = vandq_u8(b->chunks[3], v0f);
-  // Needed by the decoding step.
-  uint8x16_t hi_nibbles0 = vshrq_n_u8(b->chunks[0], 4);
-  uint8x16_t hi_nibbles1 = vshrq_n_u8(b->chunks[1], 4);
-  uint8x16_t hi_nibbles2 = vshrq_n_u8(b->chunks[2], 4);
-  uint8x16_t hi_nibbles3 = vshrq_n_u8(b->chunks[3], 4);
-  uint8x16_t lut_lo;
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lut_lo =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x3a, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70,
-                                0x70, 0x61, 0xe1, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xa5, 0xf4, 0xf4);
-  } else {
-    lut_lo =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x3a, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70,
-                                0x70, 0x61, 0xe1, 0xb4, 0xf5, 0xe5, 0xf4, 0xb4);
-  }
-#else
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lut_lo = uint8x16_t{0x3a, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70,
-              0x70, 0x61, 0xe1, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xa5, 0xf4, 0xf4};
-  } else {
-    lut_lo = uint8x16_t{0x3a, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70, 0x70,
-              0x70, 0x61, 0xe1, 0xb4, 0xf5, 0xe5, 0xf4, 0xb4};
-  }
-#endif
-  uint8x16_t lo0 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_lo, lo_nibbles0);
-  uint8x16_t lo1 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_lo, lo_nibbles1);
-  uint8x16_t lo2 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_lo, lo_nibbles2);
-  uint8x16_t lo3 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_lo, lo_nibbles3);
-  uint8x16_t lut_hi;
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lut_hi =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x11, 0x20, 0x42, 0x80, 0x8, 0x4, 0x8, 0x4,
-                                0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20);
-  } else {
-    lut_hi =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x11, 0x20, 0x42, 0x80, 0x8, 0x4, 0x8, 0x4,
-                                0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20);
-  }
-#else
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lut_hi = uint8x16_t{0x11, 0x20, 0x42, 0x80, 0x8,  0x4,  0x8,  0x4,
-              0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20};
-  } else {
-    lut_hi = uint8x16_t{0x11, 0x20, 0x42, 0x80, 0x8,  0x4,  0x8,  0x4,
-              0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20};
-  }
-#endif
-  uint8x16_t hi0 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_hi, hi_nibbles0);
-  uint8x16_t hi1 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_hi, hi_nibbles1);
-  uint8x16_t hi2 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_hi, hi_nibbles2);
-  uint8x16_t hi3 = vqtbl1q_u8(lut_hi, hi_nibbles3);
-
-  if (base64_url) {
-    hi0 = vbicq_u8(hi0, underscore0);
-    hi1 = vbicq_u8(hi1, underscore1);
-    hi2 = vbicq_u8(hi2, underscore2);
-    hi3 = vbicq_u8(hi3, underscore3);
-  }
-
-  uint8_t checks =
-      vmaxvq_u8(vorrq_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(lo0, hi0), vandq_u8(lo1, hi1)),
-                         vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(lo2, hi2), vandq_u8(lo3, hi3))));
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  const uint8x16_t bit_mask =
-      simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-                              0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80);
-#else
-  const uint8x16_t bit_mask = {0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
-                               0x01, 0x02, 0x4, 0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80};
-#endif
-  uint64_t badcharmask = 0;
-  *error = checks > 0x3;
-  if (checks) {
-    // Add each of the elements next to each other, successively, to stuff each
-    // 8 byte mask into one.
-    uint8x16_t test0 = vtstq_u8(lo0, hi0);
-    uint8x16_t test1 = vtstq_u8(lo1, hi1);
-    uint8x16_t test2 = vtstq_u8(lo2, hi2);
-    uint8x16_t test3 = vtstq_u8(lo3, hi3);
-    uint8x16_t sum0 =
-        vpaddq_u8(vandq_u8(test0, bit_mask), vandq_u8(test1, bit_mask));
-    uint8x16_t sum1 =
-        vpaddq_u8(vandq_u8(test2, bit_mask), vandq_u8(test3, bit_mask));
-    sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum1);
-    sum0 = vpaddq_u8(sum0, sum0);
-    badcharmask = vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u8(sum0), 0);
-  }
-  // This is the transformation step that can be done while we are waiting for
-  // sum0
-  uint8x16_t roll_lut;
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-  if (base64_url) {
-    roll_lut =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0xe0, 0x11, 0x13, 0x4, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0xb9,
-                                0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0);
-  } else {
-    roll_lut =
-        simdutf_make_uint8x16_t(0x0, 0x10, 0x13, 0x4, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0xb9,
-                                0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0);
-  }
-#else
-  if (base64_url) {
-    roll_lut = uint8x16_t{0xe0, 0x11, 0x13, 0x4, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0xb9,
-                0x0,  0x0,  0x0,  0x0, 0x0,  0x0,  0x0,  0x0};
-  } else {
-    roll_lut = uint8x16_t{0x0, 0x10, 0x13, 0x4, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0xb9,
-                0x0, 0x0,  0x0,  0x0, 0x0,  0x0,  0x0,  0x0};
-  }
-#endif
-  uint8x16_t vsecond_last = base64_url ? vdupq_n_u8(0x2d) : vdupq_n_u8(0x2f);
-  if (base64_url) {
-    hi_nibbles0 = vbicq_u8(hi_nibbles0, underscore0);
-    hi_nibbles1 = vbicq_u8(hi_nibbles1, underscore1);
-    hi_nibbles2 = vbicq_u8(hi_nibbles2, underscore2);
-    hi_nibbles3 = vbicq_u8(hi_nibbles3, underscore3);
-  }
-  uint8x16_t roll0 = vqtbl1q_u8(
-      roll_lut, vaddq_u8(vceqq_u8(b->chunks[0], vsecond_last), hi_nibbles0));
-  uint8x16_t roll1 = vqtbl1q_u8(
-      roll_lut, vaddq_u8(vceqq_u8(b->chunks[1], vsecond_last), hi_nibbles1));
-  uint8x16_t roll2 = vqtbl1q_u8(
-      roll_lut, vaddq_u8(vceqq_u8(b->chunks[2], vsecond_last), hi_nibbles2));
-  uint8x16_t roll3 = vqtbl1q_u8(
-      roll_lut, vaddq_u8(vceqq_u8(b->chunks[3], vsecond_last), hi_nibbles3));
-  b->chunks[0] = vaddq_u8(b->chunks[0], roll0);
-  b->chunks[1] = vaddq_u8(b->chunks[1], roll1);
-  b->chunks[2] = vaddq_u8(b->chunks[2], roll2);
-  b->chunks[3] = vaddq_u8(b->chunks[3], roll3);
-  return badcharmask;
-}
-
-void copy_block(block64 *b, char *output) {
-  vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output, b->chunks[0]);
-  vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output + 16, b->chunks[1]);
-  vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output + 32, b->chunks[2]);
-  vst1q_u8((uint8_t *)output + 48, b->chunks[3]);
-}
-
-uint64_t compress_block(block64 *b, uint64_t mask, char *output) {
-  uint64_t popcounts =
-      vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u8(vcnt_u8(vcreate_u8(~mask))), 0);
-  uint64_t offsets = popcounts * 0x0101010101010101;
-  compress(b->chunks[0], uint16_t(mask), output);
-  compress(b->chunks[1], uint16_t(mask >> 16), &output[(offsets >> 8) & 0xFF]);
-  compress(b->chunks[2], uint16_t(mask >> 32), &output[(offsets >> 24) & 0xFF]);
-  compress(b->chunks[3], uint16_t(mask >> 48), &output[(offsets >> 40) & 0xFF]);
-  return offsets >> 56;
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 64 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-void load_block(block64 *b, const char *src) {
-  b->chunks[0] = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src));
-  b->chunks[1] = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src) + 16);
-  b->chunks[2] = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src) + 32);
-  b->chunks[3] = vld1q_u8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(src) + 48);
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 32 bytes available
-// from reading at data. It returns a 16-byte value, narrowing with saturation the 16-bit words.
-inline uint8x16_t load_satured(const uint16_t *data) {
-  uint16x8_t in1 = vld1q_u16(data);
-  uint16x8_t in2 = vld1q_u16(data + 8);
-  return vqmovn_high_u16(vqmovn_u16(in1), in2);
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 128 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-void load_block(block64 *b, const char16_t *src) {
-  b->chunks[0] = load_satured(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(src));
-  b->chunks[1] = load_satured(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(src) + 16);
-  b->chunks[2] = load_satured(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(src) + 32);
-  b->chunks[3] = load_satured(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(src) + 48);
-}
-
-// decode 64 bytes and output 48 bytes
-void base64_decode_block(char *out, const char *src) {
-  uint8x16x4_t str = vld4q_u8((uint8_t *)src);
-  uint8x16x3_t outvec;
-  outvec.val[0] =
-      vorrq_u8(vshlq_n_u8(str.val[0], 2), vshrq_n_u8(str.val[1], 4));
-  outvec.val[1] =
-      vorrq_u8(vshlq_n_u8(str.val[1], 4), vshrq_n_u8(str.val[2], 2));
-  outvec.val[2] = vorrq_u8(vshlq_n_u8(str.val[2], 6), str.val[3]);
-  vst3q_u8((uint8_t *)out, outvec);
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url, typename char_type>
-result compress_decode_base64(char *dst, const char_type *src, size_t srclen,
-                              base64_options options) {
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = base64_url ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value
-                                        : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-    srclen--;
-  }
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-    srclen--;
-    equalsigns = 1;
-    // skip trailing spaces
-    while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-      srclen--;
-    }
-    if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-      srclen--;
-      equalsigns = 2;
-    }
-  }
-  const char_type *const srcinit = src;
-  const char *const dstinit = dst;
-  const char_type *const srcend = src + srclen;
-
-  constexpr size_t block_size = 10;
-  char buffer[block_size * 64];
-  char *bufferptr = buffer;
-  if (srclen >= 64) {
-    const char_type *const srcend64 = src + srclen - 64;
-    while (src <= srcend64) {
-      block64 b;
-      load_block(&b, src);
-      src += 64;
-      bool error = false;
-      uint64_t badcharmask = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b, &error);
-      if(badcharmask)
-      if (error) {
-        src -= 64;
-
-        while (src < srcend && to_base64[uint8_t(*src)] <= 64) {
-          src++;
-        }
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-
-      if (badcharmask != 0) {
-        // optimization opportunity: check for simple masks like those made of
-        // continuous 1s followed by continuous 0s. And masks containing a
-        // single bad character.
-
-        bufferptr += compress_block(&b, badcharmask, bufferptr);
-      } else {
-        // optimization opportunity: if bufferptr == buffer and mask == 0, we
-        // can avoid the call to compress_block and decode directly.
-        copy_block(&b, bufferptr);
-        bufferptr += 64;
-        //          base64_decode_block(dst, &b);
-        // dst += 48;
-      }
-      if (bufferptr >= (block_size - 1) * 64 + buffer) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < (block_size - 1); i++) {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + i * 64);
-          dst += 48;
-        }
-        std::memcpy(buffer, buffer + (block_size - 1) * 64,
-                    64); // 64 might be too much
-        bufferptr -= (block_size - 1) * 64;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  char *buffer_start = buffer;
-  // Optimization note: if this is almost full, then it is worth our
-  // time, otherwise, we should just decode directly.
-  int last_block = (int)((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64);
-  if (last_block != 0 && srcend - src + last_block >= 64) {
-    while ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0 && src < srcend) {
-      uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-      *bufferptr = char(val);
-      if (val > 64) {
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      bufferptr += (val <= 63);
-      src++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (; buffer_start + 64 <= bufferptr; buffer_start += 64) {
-    base64_decode_block(dst, buffer_start);
-    dst += 48;
-  }
-  if ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0) {
-    while (buffer_start + 4 < bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 4);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    if (buffer_start + 4 <= bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    // we may have 1, 2 or 3 bytes left and we need to decode them so let us
-    // bring in src content
-    int leftover = int(bufferptr - buffer_start);
-    if (leftover > 0) {
-      while (leftover < 4 && src < srcend) {
-        uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-        if (val > 64) {
-          return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-        }
-        buffer_start[leftover] = char(val);
-        leftover += (val <= 63);
-        src++;
-      }
-
-      if (leftover == 1) {
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      if (leftover == 2) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        dst += 1;
-      } else if (leftover == 3) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        dst += 2;
-      } else {
-        uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                          << 8;
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-        dst += 3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (src < srcend + equalsigns) {
-    result r =
-        scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(dst, src, srcend - src, options);
-    if (r.error == error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) {
-      r.count += size_t(src - srcinit);
-      return r;
-    } else {
-      r.count += size_t(dst - dstinit);
-    }
-    if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-      // additional checks
-      if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-        r.error = error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER;
-      }
-    }
-    return r;
-  }
-  if(equalsigns > 0) {
-    if((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3 == 0) || ((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-  }
-  return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-}
-/* end file src/arm64/arm_base64.cpp */
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* begin file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-
-// Walks through a buffer in block-sized increments, loading the last part with spaces
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-struct buf_block_reader {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len);
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t block_index();
-  simdutf_really_inline bool has_full_block() const;
-  simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *full_block() const;
-  /**
-   * Get the last block, padded with spaces.
-   *
-   * There will always be a last block, with at least 1 byte, unless len == 0 (in which case this
-   * function fills the buffer with spaces and returns 0. In particular, if len == STEP_SIZE there
-   * will be 0 full_blocks and 1 remainder block with STEP_SIZE bytes and no spaces for padding.
-   *
-   * @return the number of effective characters in the last block.
-   */
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const;
-  simdutf_really_inline void advance();
-private:
-  const uint8_t *buf;
-  const size_t len;
-  const size_t lenminusstep;
-  size_t idx;
-};
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text_64(const uint8_t *text) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    buf[i] = int8_t(text[i]) < ' ' ? '_' : int8_t(text[i]);
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& in) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  in.store(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buf));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    if (buf[i] < ' ') { buf[i] = '_'; }
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-simdutf_unused static char * format_mask(uint64_t mask) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(64 + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<64; i++) {
-    buf[i] = (mask & (size_t(1) << i)) ? 'X' : ' ';
-  }
-  buf[64] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len) : buf{_buf}, len{_len}, lenminusstep{len < STEP_SIZE ? 0 : len - STEP_SIZE}, idx{0} {}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::block_index() { return idx; }
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline bool buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::has_full_block() const {
-  return idx < lenminusstep;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::full_block() const {
-  return &buf[idx];
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const {
-  if(len == idx) { return 0; } // memcpy(dst, null, 0) will trigger an error with some sanitizers
-  std::memset(dst, 0x20, STEP_SIZE); // std::memset STEP_SIZE because it's more efficient to write out 8 or 16 bytes at once.
-  std::memcpy(dst, buf + idx, len - idx);
-  return len - idx;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline void buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::advance() {
-  idx += STEP_SIZE;
-}
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-  //
-  // Return nonzero if there are incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the block:
-  // e.g. if there is a 4-byte character, but it's 3 bytes from the end.
-  //
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> is_incomplete(const simd8<uint8_t> input) {
-    // If the previous input's last 3 bytes match this, they're too short (they ended at EOF):
-    // ... 1111____ 111_____ 11______
-    static const uint8_t max_array[32] = {
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0b11110000u-1, 0b11100000u-1, 0b11000000u-1
-    };
-    const simd8<uint8_t> max_value(&max_array[sizeof(max_array)-sizeof(simd8<uint8_t>)]);
-    return input.gt_bits(max_value);
-  }
-
-  struct utf8_checker {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-    // The last input we received
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_input_block;
-    // Whether the last input we received was incomplete (used for ASCII fast path)
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_incomplete;
-
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-    // The only problem that can happen at EOF is that a multibyte character is too short
-    // or a byte value too large in the last bytes: check_special_cases only checks for bytes
-    // too large in the first of two bytes.
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_eof() {
-      // If the previous block had incomplete UTF-8 characters at the end, an ASCII block can't
-      // possibly finish them.
-      this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_next_input(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-      if(simdutf_likely(is_ascii(input))) {
-        this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-      } else {
-        // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-        static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-            "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-        if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-        } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-        }
-        this->prev_incomplete = is_incomplete(input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1]);
-        this->prev_input_block = input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1];
-
-      }
-    }
-
-    // do not forget to call check_eof!
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-
-using utf8_validation::utf8_checker;
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8.
- */
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    return !c.errors();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8 and stops on errors.
- */
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    size_t count{0};
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      if(c.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      }
-      reader.advance();
-      count += 64;
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    if (c.errors()) {
-      if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-      result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input) + count, length - count);
-      res.count += count;
-      return res;
-    } else {
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-    }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    uint8_t blocks[64]{};
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> running_or(blocks);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      running_or |= in;
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    running_or |= in;
-    return running_or.is_ascii();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-  buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-  size_t count{0};
-  while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-    if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-      result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-      return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-    }
-    reader.advance();
-
-    count += 64;
-  }
-  uint8_t block[64]{};
-  reader.get_remainder(block);
-  simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-  if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-    result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-    return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-  } else {
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-  }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-16
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-template <endianness endian>
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  // The implementation is not specific to haswell and should be moved to the generic directory.
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    // this loop could be unrolled further. For example, we could process the mask
-    // far more than 64 bytes.
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-      utf16_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path. We hope that the compiler will recognize that this is a slow path.
-      // Anything that is not a continuation mask is a 'leading byte', that is, the
-      // start of a new code point.
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-      uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-      // The *start* of code points is not so useful, rather, we want the *end* of code points.
-      uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-      // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-      // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-      // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-      size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-      // Next loop is going to run at least five times when using solely
-      // the slow/regular path, and at least four times if there are fast paths.
-      while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-        // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-        // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-        // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-        // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-        // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-        // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-        // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-        // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-        // it seriously harms performance.
-        //
-        // Thus we may allow convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16 to process
-        // more bytes at a time under a fast-path mode where 16 bytes
-        // are consumed at once (e.g., when encountering ASCII).
-        size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(input + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-        pos += consumed;
-        utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-      // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-      // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-      // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-      // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-    }
-  }
-  utf16_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endian>(input + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endian>(in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf16_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf16_output - start;
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf16_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-32
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-      utf32_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-    // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-    uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-    uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-    uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-    size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-    while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-      size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(input + pos,
-                          utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-      pos += consumed;
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  utf32_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf32
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf32_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf32_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf32_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-// other functions
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.gt(-65);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::count_code_points(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // We count one word for anything that is not a continuation (so
-      // leading bytes).
-      count += 64 - count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-      int64_t utf8_4byte = input.gteq_unsigned(240);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_4byte);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-} // utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf16.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t not_pair = input.not_in_range(0xDC00, 0xDFFF);
-      count += count_ones(not_pair) / 2;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t ascii_mask = input.lteq(0x7F);
-      uint64_t twobyte_mask = input.lteq(0x7FF);
-      uint64_t not_pair_mask = input.not_in_range(0xD800, 0xDFFF);
-
-      size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t twobyte_count = count_ones(twobyte_mask & ~ ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t threebyte_count = count_ones(not_pair_mask & ~ twobyte_mask) / 2;
-      size_t fourbyte_count = 32 - count_ones(not_pair_mask) / 2;
-      count += 2 * fourbyte_count + 3 * threebyte_count + 2 * twobyte_count + ascii_count;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    return count_code_points<big_endian>(in, size);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size, char16_t* output) {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  while (pos < size/32*32) {
-    simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-    input.swap_bytes();
-    input.store(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(output));
-    pos += 32;
-    output += 32;
-  }
-
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(in + pos, size - pos, output);
-}
-
-} // utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to Latin 1
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// For UTF-8 to Latin 1, we can allow any ASCII character, and any continuation byte,
-// but the non-ASCII leading bytes must be 0b11000011 or 0b11000010 and nothing else.
-//
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t FORBIDDEN  = 0xff;
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      this->error |= check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-    }
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          latin1_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, latin1_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert_valid(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-  }
-}   // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-}   // unnamed namespace
-}   // namespace arm64
- // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-// placeholder scalars
-
-//
-// Implementation-specific overrides
-//
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace arm64 {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  if (length % 2 == 0) {
-    return arm_detect_encodings<utf8_validation::utf8_checker>(input, length);
-  } else {
-    if (implementation::validate_utf8(input, length)) {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-    } else {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return arm64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return arm64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return arm64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return arm64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = arm_validate_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = arm_validate_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::BIG>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = arm_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = arm_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t* tail = arm_validate_utf32le(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf32::validate(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = arm_validate_utf32le_with_errors(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32::validate_with_errors(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char*, char*> ret = arm_convert_latin1_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf8_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf8::convert(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> ret = arm_convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf32::convert(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return arm64::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input, size,  utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement a custom function.
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement a custom function.
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_valid(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement a custom function.
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = arm_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  utf16::change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return count_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::latin1_length_from_utf16(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::latin1_length_from_utf32(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // See https://lemire.me/blog/2023/05/15/computing-the-utf-8-size-of-a-latin-1-string-quickly-arm-neon-edition/
-  // credit to Pete Cawley
-  const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input);
-  uint64_t result = 0;
-  const int lanes = sizeof(uint8x16_t);
-  uint8_t rem = length % lanes;
-  const uint8_t *simd_end = data + (length / lanes) * lanes;
-  const uint8x16_t threshold = vdupq_n_u8(0x80);
-  for (; data < simd_end; data += lanes) {
-    // load 16 bytes
-    uint8x16_t input_vec = vld1q_u8(data);
-    // compare to threshold (0x80)
-    uint8x16_t withhighbit = vcgeq_u8(input_vec, threshold);
-    // vertical addition
-    result -= vaddvq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(withhighbit));
-  }
-  return result + (length / lanes) * lanes + scalar::latin1::utf8_length_from_latin1((const char*)simd_end, rem);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf32_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const uint32x4_t v_7f = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0x7f);
-  const uint32x4_t v_7ff = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0x7ff);
-  const uint32x4_t v_ffff = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0xffff);
-  const uint32x4_t v_1 = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0x1);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 4 <= length; pos += 4) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(input + pos));
-    const uint32x4_t ascii_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u32(in, v_7f);
-    const uint32x4_t one_two_bytes_bytemask = vcleq_u32(in, v_7ff);
-    const uint32x4_t two_bytes_bytemask = veorq_u32(one_two_bytes_bytemask, ascii_bytes_bytemask);
-    const uint32x4_t three_bytes_bytemask = veorq_u32(vcleq_u32(in, v_ffff), one_two_bytes_bytemask);
-
-    const uint16x8_t reduced_ascii_bytes_bytemask = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vandq_u32(ascii_bytes_bytemask, v_1));
-    const uint16x8_t reduced_two_bytes_bytemask = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vandq_u32(two_bytes_bytemask, v_1));
-    const uint16x8_t reduced_three_bytes_bytemask = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vandq_u32(three_bytes_bytemask, v_1));
-
-    const uint16x8_t compressed_bytemask0 = vpaddq_u16(reduced_ascii_bytes_bytemask, reduced_two_bytes_bytemask);
-    const uint16x8_t compressed_bytemask1 = vpaddq_u16(reduced_three_bytes_bytemask, reduced_three_bytes_bytemask);
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u16(compressed_bytemask0), 0));
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u16(compressed_bytemask0), 1));
-    size_t three_bytes_count = count_ones(vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u16(compressed_bytemask1), 0));
-
-    count += 16 - 3*ascii_count - 2*two_bytes_count - three_bytes_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const uint32x4_t v_ffff = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0xffff);
-  const uint32x4_t v_1 = vmovq_n_u32((uint32_t)0x1);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 4 <= length; pos += 4) {
-    uint32x4_t in = vld1q_u32(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(input + pos));
-    const uint32x4_t surrogate_bytemask = vcgtq_u32(in, v_ffff);
-    const uint16x8_t reduced_bytemask = vreinterpretq_u16_u32(vandq_u32(surrogate_bytemask, v_1));
-    const uint16x8_t compressed_bytemask = vpaddq_u16(reduced_bytemask, reduced_bytemask);
-    size_t surrogate_count = count_ones(vgetq_lane_u64(vreinterpretq_u64_u16(compressed_bytemask), 0));
-    count += 4 + surrogate_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return encode_base64(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-
-} // namespace arm64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/arm64/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/arm64/end.h */
-/* end file src/arm64/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_FALLBACK
-/* begin file src/fallback/implementation.cpp */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "fallback"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION fallback
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/begin.h */
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace fallback {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  int out = 0;
-  if(validate_utf8(input, length)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF8; }
-  if((length % 2) == 0) {
-    if(validate_utf16le(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(input), length/2)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF16_LE; }
-  }
-  if((length % 4) == 0) {
-    if(validate_utf32(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(input), length/4)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF32_LE; }
-  }
-
-  return out;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::validate(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::validate_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::ascii::validate(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::validate(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::validate_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1_to_utf8::convert(buf,len,utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1_to_utf32::convert(buf,len,utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input, size,  utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_valid(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_valid(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::count_code_points(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::latin1_length_from_utf16(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return length;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf8_length_from_latin1(input,length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf32_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64(output, input, length, options);
-}
-} // namespace fallback
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/fallback/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/fallback/end.h */
-/* end file src/fallback/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
-/* begin file src/icelake/implementation.cpp */
-
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "icelake"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION icelake
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_ICELAKE
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace icelake {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_H
-#error "icelake.h must be included"
-#endif
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_utf8_common.inl.cpp */
-// Common procedures for both validating and non-validating conversions from UTF-8.
-enum block_processing_mode { SIMDUTF_FULL, SIMDUTF_TAIL};
-
-using utf8_to_utf16_result = std::pair<const char*, char16_t*>;
-using utf8_to_utf32_result = std::pair<const char*, uint32_t*>;
-
-/*
-    process_block_utf8_to_utf16 converts up to 64 bytes from 'in' from UTF-8
-    to UTF-16. When tail = SIMDUTF_FULL, then the full input buffer (64 bytes)
-    might be used. When tail = SIMDUTF_TAIL, we take into account 'gap' which
-    indicates how many input bytes are relevant.
-
-    Returns true when the result is correct, otherwise it returns false.
-
-    The provided in and out pointers are advanced according to how many input
-    bytes have been processed, upon success.
-*/
-template <block_processing_mode tail, endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline bool process_block_utf8_to_utf16(const char *&in, char16_t *&out, size_t gap) {
-  // constants
-  __m512i mask_identity = _mm512_set_epi8(63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0);
-  __m512i mask_c0c0c0c0 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xc0c0c0c0);
-  __m512i mask_80808080 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80808080);
-  __m512i mask_f0f0f0f0 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xf0f0f0f0);
-  __m512i mask_dfdfdfdf_tail = _mm512_set_epi64(0xffffdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf, 0xdfdfdfdfdfdfdfdf);
-  __m512i mask_c2c2c2c2 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xc2c2c2c2);
-  __m512i mask_ffffffff = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffffffff);
-  __m512i mask_d7c0d7c0 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xd7c0d7c0);
-  __m512i mask_dc00dc00 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xdc00dc00);
-  __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  // Note that 'tail' is a compile-time constant !
-  __mmask64 b = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF : (uint64_t(1) << gap) - 1;
-  __m512i input = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _mm512_loadu_si512(in) : _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(b, in);
-  __mmask64 m1 = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _mm512_cmplt_epu8_mask(input, mask_80808080) : _mm512_mask_cmplt_epu8_mask(b, input, mask_80808080);
-  if(_ktestc_mask64_u8(m1, b)) {// NOT(m1) AND b -- if all zeroes, then all ASCII
-  // alternatively, we could do 'if (m1 == b) { '
-    if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-      in += 64;          // consumed 64 bytes
-      // we convert a full 64-byte block, writing 128 bytes.
-      __m512i input1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(input));
-      if(big_endian) { input1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(input1, byteflip); }
-      _mm512_storeu_si512(out, input1);
-      out += 32;
-      __m512i input2 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(input, 1));
-      if(big_endian) { input2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(input2, byteflip); }
-      _mm512_storeu_si512(out, input2);
-      out += 32;
-      return true; // we are done
-    } else {
-      in += gap;
-      if (gap <= 32) {
-        __m512i input1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(input));
-        if(big_endian) { input1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(input1, byteflip); }
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << (gap)) - 1), input1);
-        out += gap;
-      } else {
-        __m512i input1 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(input));
-        if(big_endian) { input1 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(input1, byteflip); }
-        _mm512_storeu_si512(out, input1);
-        out += 32;
-        __m512i input2 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(input, 1));
-        if(big_endian) { input2 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(input2, byteflip); }
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint32_t(1) << (gap - 32)) - 1), input2);
-        out += gap - 32;
-      }
-      return true; // we are done
-    }
-  }
-  // classify characters further
-  __mmask64 m234 = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(mask_c0c0c0c0, input,
-                                        _MM_CMPINT_LE); // 0xc0 <= input, 2, 3, or 4 leading byte
-  __mmask64 m34 = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(mask_dfdfdfdf_tail, input,
-                                       _MM_CMPINT_LT); // 0xdf < input,  3 or 4 leading byte
-
-  __mmask64 milltwobytes = _mm512_mask_cmp_epu8_mask(m234, input, mask_c2c2c2c2,
-                                                     _MM_CMPINT_LT); // 0xc0 <= input < 0xc2 (illegal two byte sequence)
-                                                                     // Overlong 2-byte sequence
-  if (_ktestz_mask64_u8(milltwobytes, milltwobytes) == 0) {
-    // Overlong 2-byte sequence
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (_ktestz_mask64_u8(m34, m34) == 0) {
-    // We have a 3-byte sequence and/or a 2-byte sequence, or possibly even a 4-byte sequence!
-    __mmask64 m4 = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(input, mask_f0f0f0f0,
-                                        _MM_CMPINT_NLT); // 0xf0 <= zmm0 (4 byte start bytes)
-
-    __mmask64 mask_not_ascii = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _knot_mask64(m1) : _kand_mask64(_knot_mask64(m1), b);
-
-    __mmask64 mp1 = _kshiftli_mask64(m234, 1);
-    __mmask64 mp2 = _kshiftli_mask64(m34, 2);
-    // We could do it as follows...
-    // if (_kortestz_mask64_u8(m4,m4)) { // compute the bitwise OR of the 64-bit masks a and b and return 1 if all zeroes
-    // but GCC generates better code when we do:
-    if (m4 == 0) { // compute the bitwise OR of the 64-bit masks a and b and return 1 if all zeroes
-      // Fast path with 1,2,3 bytes
-      __mmask64 mc = _kor_mask64(mp1, mp2); // expected continuation bytes
-      __mmask64 m1234 = _kor_mask64(m1, m234);
-      // mismatched continuation bytes:
-      if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-        __mmask64 xnormcm1234 = _kxnor_mask64(mc, m1234); // XNOR of mc and m1234 should be all zero if they differ
-        // the presence of a 1 bit indicates that they overlap.
-        // _kortestz_mask64_u8: compute the bitwise OR of 64-bit masksand return 1 if all zeroes.
-        if (!_kortestz_mask64_u8(xnormcm1234, xnormcm1234)) { return false; }
-      } else {
-        __mmask64 bxorm1234 = _kxor_mask64(b, m1234);
-        if (mc != bxorm1234) { return false; }
-      }
-      // mend: identifying the last bytes of each sequence to be decoded
-      __mmask64 mend = _kshiftri_mask64(m1234, 1);
-      if (tail != SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-        mend = _kor_mask64(mend, (uint64_t(1) << (gap - 1)));
-      }
-
-
-      __m512i last_and_third = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(mend, mask_identity);
-      __m512i last_and_thirdu16 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(last_and_third));
-
-      __m512i nonasciitags = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(mask_not_ascii, mask_c0c0c0c0); // ASCII: 00000000  other: 11000000
-      __m512i clearedbytes = _mm512_andnot_si512(nonasciitags, input);             // high two bits cleared where not ASCII
-      __m512i lastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, last_and_thirdu16,
-                                                        clearedbytes); // the last byte of each character
-
-      __mmask64 mask_before_non_ascii = _kshiftri_mask64(mask_not_ascii, 1);               // bytes that precede non-ASCII bytes
-      __m512i indexofsecondlastbytes = _mm512_add_epi16(mask_ffffffff, last_and_thirdu16); // indices of the second last bytes
-      __m512i beforeasciibytes = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(mask_before_non_ascii, clearedbytes);
-      __m512i secondlastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, indexofsecondlastbytes,
-                                                              beforeasciibytes); // the second last bytes (of two, three byte seq,
-                                                                                 // surrogates)
-      secondlastbytes = _mm512_slli_epi16(secondlastbytes, 6);                   // shifted into position
-
-      __m512i indexofthirdlastbytes = _mm512_add_epi16(mask_ffffffff,
-                                                       indexofsecondlastbytes); // indices of the second last bytes
-      __m512i thirdlastbyte = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(m34,
-                                                    clearedbytes); // only those that are the third last byte of a sequence
-      __m512i thirdlastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, indexofthirdlastbytes,
-                                                             thirdlastbyte); // the third last bytes (of three byte sequences, hi
-                                                                             // surrogate)
-      thirdlastbytes = _mm512_slli_epi16(thirdlastbytes, 12);                // shifted into position
-      __m512i Wout = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(lastbytes, secondlastbytes, thirdlastbytes, 254);
-      // the elements of Wout excluding the last element if it happens to be a high surrogate:
-
-      __mmask64 mprocessed = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _pdep_u64(0xFFFFFFFF, mend) : _pdep_u64(0xFFFFFFFF, _kand_mask64(mend, b)); // we adjust mend at the end of the output.
-
-
-      // Encodings out of range...
-      {
-        // the location of 3-byte sequence start bytes in the input
-        __mmask64 m3 = m34 & (b ^ m4);
-        // code units in Wout corresponding to 3-byte sequences.
-        __mmask32 M3 = __mmask32(_pext_u64(m3 << 2, mend));
-        __m512i mask_08000800 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x08000800);
-        __mmask32 Msmall800 = _mm512_mask_cmplt_epu16_mask(M3, Wout, mask_08000800);
-        __m512i mask_d800d800 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xd800d800);
-        __m512i Moutminusd800 = _mm512_sub_epi16(Wout, mask_d800d800);
-        __mmask32 M3s = _mm512_mask_cmplt_epu16_mask(M3, Moutminusd800, mask_08000800);
-        if (_kor_mask32(Msmall800, M3s)) { return false; }
-      }
-      int64_t nout = _mm_popcnt_u64(mprocessed);
-      in +=  64 - _lzcnt_u64(mprocessed);
-      if(big_endian) { Wout = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(Wout, byteflip); }
-      _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << nout) - 1), Wout);
-      out += nout;
-      return true; // ok
-    }
-    //
-    // We have a 4-byte sequence, this is the general case.
-    // Slow!
-    __mmask64 mp3 = _kshiftli_mask64(m4, 3);
-    __mmask64 mc = _kor_mask64(_kor_mask64(mp1, mp2), mp3); // expected continuation bytes
-    __mmask64 m1234 = _kor_mask64(m1, m234);
-
-    // mend: identifying the last bytes of each sequence to be decoded
-    __mmask64 mend = _kor_mask64(_kshiftri_mask64(_kor_mask64(mp3, m1234), 1), mp3);
-    if (tail != SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-      mend = _kor_mask64(mend, __mmask64(uint64_t(1) << (gap - 1)));
-    }
-    __m512i last_and_third = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(mend, mask_identity);
-    __m512i last_and_thirdu16 = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(last_and_third));
-
-    __m512i nonasciitags = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(mask_not_ascii, mask_c0c0c0c0); // ASCII: 00000000  other: 11000000
-    __m512i clearedbytes = _mm512_andnot_si512(nonasciitags, input);             // high two bits cleared where not ASCII
-    __m512i lastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, last_and_thirdu16,
-                                                      clearedbytes); // the last byte of each character
-
-    __mmask64 mask_before_non_ascii = _kshiftri_mask64(mask_not_ascii, 1);               // bytes that precede non-ASCII bytes
-    __m512i indexofsecondlastbytes = _mm512_add_epi16(mask_ffffffff, last_and_thirdu16); // indices of the second last bytes
-    __m512i beforeasciibytes = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(mask_before_non_ascii, clearedbytes);
-    __m512i secondlastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, indexofsecondlastbytes,
-                                                            beforeasciibytes); // the second last bytes (of two, three byte seq,
-                                                                               // surrogates)
-    secondlastbytes = _mm512_slli_epi16(secondlastbytes, 6);                   // shifted into position
-
-    __m512i indexofthirdlastbytes = _mm512_add_epi16(mask_ffffffff,
-                                                     indexofsecondlastbytes); // indices of the second last bytes
-    __m512i thirdlastbyte = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi8(m34,
-                                                  clearedbytes); // only those that are the third last byte of a sequence
-    __m512i thirdlastbytes = _mm512_maskz_permutexvar_epi8(0x5555555555555555, indexofthirdlastbytes,
-                                                           thirdlastbyte); // the third last bytes (of three byte sequences, hi
-                                                                           // surrogate)
-    thirdlastbytes = _mm512_slli_epi16(thirdlastbytes, 12);                // shifted into position
-    __m512i thirdsecondandlastbytes = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(lastbytes, secondlastbytes, thirdlastbytes, 254);
-    uint64_t Mlo_uint64 = _pext_u64(mp3, mend);
-    __mmask32 Mlo = __mmask32(Mlo_uint64);
-    __mmask32 Mhi = __mmask32(Mlo_uint64 >> 1);
-    __m512i lo_surr_mask = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi16(Mlo,
-                                                  mask_dc00dc00); // lo surr: 1101110000000000, other:  0000000000000000
-    __m512i shifted4_thirdsecondandlastbytes = _mm512_srli_epi16(thirdsecondandlastbytes,
-                                                                 4); // hi surr: 00000WVUTSRQPNML  vuts = WVUTS - 1
-    __m512i tagged_lo_surrogates = _mm512_or_si512(thirdsecondandlastbytes,
-                                                   lo_surr_mask); // lo surr: 110111KJHGFEDCBA, other:  unchanged
-    __m512i Wout = _mm512_mask_add_epi16(tagged_lo_surrogates, Mhi, shifted4_thirdsecondandlastbytes,
-                                         mask_d7c0d7c0); // hi sur: 110110vutsRQPNML, other:  unchanged
-    // the elements of Wout excluding the last element if it happens to be a high surrogate:
-    __mmask32 Mout = ~(Mhi & 0x80000000);
-    __mmask64 mprocessed = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _pdep_u64(Mout, mend) : _pdep_u64(Mout, _kand_mask64(mend, b)); // we adjust mend at the end of the output.
-
-
-    // mismatched continuation bytes:
-    if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-      __mmask64 xnormcm1234 = _kxnor_mask64(mc, m1234); // XNOR of mc and m1234 should be all zero if they differ
-      // the presence of a 1 bit indicates that they overlap.
-      // _kortestz_mask64_u8: compute the bitwise OR of 64-bit masksand return 1 if all zeroes.
-      if (!_kortestz_mask64_u8(xnormcm1234, xnormcm1234)) { return false; }
-    } else {
-      __mmask64 bxorm1234 = _kxor_mask64(b, m1234);
-      if (mc != bxorm1234) { return false; }
-    }
-    // Encodings out of range...
-    {
-      // the location of 3-byte sequence start bytes in the input
-      __mmask64 m3 = m34 & (b ^ m4);
-      // code units in Wout corresponding to 3-byte sequences.
-      __mmask32 M3 = __mmask32(_pext_u64(m3 << 2, mend));
-      __m512i mask_08000800 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x08000800);
-      __mmask32 Msmall800 = _mm512_mask_cmplt_epu16_mask(M3, Wout, mask_08000800);
-      __m512i mask_d800d800 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xd800d800);
-      __m512i Moutminusd800 = _mm512_sub_epi16(Wout, mask_d800d800);
-      __mmask32 M3s = _mm512_mask_cmplt_epu16_mask(M3, Moutminusd800, mask_08000800);
-      __m512i mask_04000400 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x04000400);
-      __mmask32 M4s = _mm512_mask_cmpge_epu16_mask(Mhi, Moutminusd800, mask_04000400);
-      if (!_kortestz_mask32_u8(M4s, _kor_mask32(Msmall800, M3s))) { return false; }
-    }
-    in += 64 - _lzcnt_u64(mprocessed);
-    int64_t nout = _mm_popcnt_u64(mprocessed);
-    if(big_endian) { Wout = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(Wout, byteflip); }
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << nout) - 1), Wout);
-    out += nout;
-    return true; // ok
-  }
-  // Fast path 2: all ASCII or 2 byte
-  __mmask64 continuation_or_ascii = (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _knot_mask64(m234) : _kand_mask64(_knot_mask64(m234), b);
-  // on top of -0xc0 we subtract -2 which we get back later of the
-  // continuation byte tags
-  __m512i leading2byte = _mm512_maskz_sub_epi8(m234, input, mask_c2c2c2c2);
-  __mmask64 leading = tail == (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) ? _kor_mask64(m1, m234) : _kand_mask64(_kor_mask64(m1, m234), b); // first bytes of each sequence
-  if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-    __mmask64 xnor234leading = _kxnor_mask64(_kshiftli_mask64(m234, 1), leading);
-    if (!_kortestz_mask64_u8(xnor234leading, xnor234leading)) { return false; }
-  } else {
-    __mmask64 bxorleading = _kxor_mask64(b, leading);
-    if (_kshiftli_mask64(m234, 1) != bxorleading) { return false; }
-  }
-  //
-  if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-    // In the two-byte/ASCII scenario, we are easily latency bound, so we want
-    // to increment the input buffer as quickly as possible.
-    // We process 32 bytes unless the byte at index 32 is a continuation byte,
-    // in which case we include it as well for a total of 33 bytes.
-    // Note that if x is an ASCII byte, then the following is false:
-    // int8_t(x) <= int8_t(0xc0) under two's complement.
-    in += 32;
-    if(int8_t(*in) <= int8_t(0xc0)) in++;
-    // The alternative is to do
-    // in += 64 - _lzcnt_u64(_pdep_u64(0xFFFFFFFF, continuation_or_ascii));
-    // but it requires loading the input, doing the mask computation, and converting
-    // back the mask to a general register. It just takes too long, leaving the
-    // processor likely to be idle.
-  } else {
-    in += 64 - _lzcnt_u64(_pdep_u64(0xFFFFFFFF, continuation_or_ascii));
-  }
-  __m512i lead = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(leading, leading2byte);          // will contain zero for ascii, and the data
-  lead = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(lead));                 // ... zero extended into code units
-  __m512i follow = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(continuation_or_ascii, input); // the last bytes of each sequence
-  follow = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm512_castsi512_si256(follow));             // ... zero extended into code units
-  lead = _mm512_slli_epi16(lead, 6);                                         // shifted into position
-  __m512i final = _mm512_add_epi16(follow, lead);                            // combining lead and follow
-
-  if(big_endian) { final = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(final, byteflip); }
-  if (tail == SIMDUTF_FULL) {
-    // Next part is UTF-16 specific and can be generalized to UTF-32.
-    int nout = _mm_popcnt_u32(uint32_t(leading));
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << nout) - 1), final);
-    out += nout; // UTF-8 to UTF-16 is only expansionary in this case.
-  } else {
-    int nout = int(_mm_popcnt_u64(_pdep_u64(0xFFFFFFFF, leading)));
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(out, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << nout) - 1), final);
-    out += nout; // UTF-8 to UTF-16 is only expansionary in this case.
-  }
-
-  return true; // we are fine.
-}
-
-
-
-
-/*
-    utf32_to_utf16_masked converts `count` lower UTF-32 code units
-    from input `utf32` into UTF-16. It differs from utf32_to_utf16
-    in that it 'masks' the writes.
-
-    Returns how many 16-bit code units were stored.
-
-    byteflip is used for flipping 16-bit code units, and it should be
-        __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    We pass it to the (always inlined) function to encourage the compiler to
-    keep the value in a (constant) register.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_to_utf16_masked(const __m512i byteflip, __m512i utf32, unsigned int count, char16_t* output) {
-
-    const __mmask16 valid = uint16_t((1 << count) - 1);
-    // 1. check if we have any surrogate pairs
-    const __m512i v_0000_ffff = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x0000ffff);
-    const __mmask16 sp_mask = _mm512_mask_cmpgt_epu32_mask(valid, utf32, v_0000_ffff);
-
-    if (sp_mask == 0) {
-        if(big_endian) {
-          _mm256_mask_storeu_epi16((__m256i*)output, valid, _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_cvtepi32_epi16(utf32), _mm512_castsi512_si256(byteflip)));
-
-        } else {
-          _mm256_mask_storeu_epi16((__m256i*)output, valid, _mm512_cvtepi32_epi16(utf32));
-        }
-        return count;
-    }
-
-    {
-        // build surrogate pair code units in 32-bit lanes
-
-        //    t0 = 8 x [000000000000aaaa|aaaaaabbbbbbbbbb]
-        const __m512i v_0001_0000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010000);
-        const __m512i t0 = _mm512_sub_epi32(utf32, v_0001_0000);
-
-        //    t1 = 8 x [000000aaaaaaaaaa|bbbbbbbbbb000000]
-        const __m512i t1 = _mm512_slli_epi32(t0, 6);
-
-        //    t2 = 8 x [000000aaaaaaaaaa|aaaaaabbbbbbbbbb] -- copy hi word from t1 to t0
-        //         0xe4 = (t1 and v_ffff_0000) or (t0 and not v_ffff_0000)
-        const __m512i v_ffff_0000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffff0000);
-        const __m512i t2 = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(t1, t0, v_ffff_0000, 0xe4);
-
-        //    t2 = 8 x [110110aaaaaaaaaa|110111bbbbbbbbbb] -- copy hi word from t1 to t0
-        //         0xba = (t2 and not v_fc00_fc000) or v_d800_dc00
-        const __m512i v_fc00_fc00 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfc00fc00);
-        const __m512i v_d800_dc00 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xd800dc00);
-        const __m512i t3 = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(t2, v_fc00_fc00, v_d800_dc00, 0xba);
-        const __m512i t4 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(sp_mask, utf32, t3);
-        __m512i t5 = _mm512_ror_epi32(t4, 16);
-        // Here we want to trim all of the upper 16-bit code units from the 2-byte
-        // characters represented as 4-byte values. We can compute it from
-        // sp_mask or the following... It can be more optimized!
-        const  __mmask32 nonzero = _kor_mask32(0xaaaaaaaa,_mm512_cmpneq_epi16_mask(t5, _mm512_setzero_si512()));
-        const  __mmask32 nonzero_masked = _kand_mask32(nonzero, __mmask32((uint64_t(1) << (2*count)) - 1));
-        if(big_endian) { t5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(t5, byteflip); }
-        // we deliberately avoid _mm512_mask_compressstoreu_epi16 for portability (zen4)
-        __m512i compressed = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi16(nonzero_masked, t5);
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(output, (1<<(count + static_cast<unsigned int>(count_ones(sp_mask)))) - 1, compressed);
-        //_mm512_mask_compressstoreu_epi16(output, nonzero_masked, t5);
-    }
-
-    return count + static_cast<unsigned int>(count_ones(sp_mask));
-}
-
-/*
-    utf32_to_utf16 converts `count` lower UTF-32 code units
-    from input `utf32` into UTF-16. It may overflow.
-
-    Returns how many 16-bit code units were stored.
-
-    byteflip is used for flipping 16-bit code units, and it should be
-        __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    We pass it to the (always inlined) function to encourage the compiler to
-    keep the value in a (constant) register.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_to_utf16(const __m512i byteflip, __m512i utf32, unsigned int count, char16_t* output) {
-    // check if we have any surrogate pairs
-    const __m512i v_0000_ffff = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x0000ffff);
-    const __mmask16 sp_mask = _mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(utf32, v_0000_ffff);
-
-    if (sp_mask == 0) {
-        // technically, it should be _mm256_storeu_epi16
-        if(big_endian) {
-          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)output, _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_cvtepi32_epi16(utf32),_mm512_castsi512_si256(byteflip)));
-        } else {
-          _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)output, _mm512_cvtepi32_epi16(utf32));
-        }
-        return count;
-    }
-
-    {
-        // build surrogate pair code units in 32-bit lanes
-
-        //    t0 = 8 x [000000000000aaaa|aaaaaabbbbbbbbbb]
-        const __m512i v_0001_0000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010000);
-        const __m512i t0 = _mm512_sub_epi32(utf32, v_0001_0000);
-
-        //    t1 = 8 x [000000aaaaaaaaaa|bbbbbbbbbb000000]
-        const __m512i t1 = _mm512_slli_epi32(t0, 6);
-
-        //    t2 = 8 x [000000aaaaaaaaaa|aaaaaabbbbbbbbbb] -- copy hi word from t1 to t0
-        //         0xe4 = (t1 and v_ffff_0000) or (t0 and not v_ffff_0000)
-        const __m512i v_ffff_0000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffff0000);
-        const __m512i t2 = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(t1, t0, v_ffff_0000, 0xe4);
-
-        //    t2 = 8 x [110110aaaaaaaaaa|110111bbbbbbbbbb] -- copy hi word from t1 to t0
-        //         0xba = (t2 and not v_fc00_fc000) or v_d800_dc00
-        const __m512i v_fc00_fc00 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfc00fc00);
-        const __m512i v_d800_dc00 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xd800dc00);
-        const __m512i t3 = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(t2, v_fc00_fc00, v_d800_dc00, 0xba);
-        const __m512i t4 = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(sp_mask, utf32, t3);
-        __m512i t5 = _mm512_ror_epi32(t4, 16);
-        const  __mmask32 nonzero = _kor_mask32(0xaaaaaaaa,_mm512_cmpneq_epi16_mask(t5, _mm512_setzero_si512()));
-        if(big_endian) { t5 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(t5, byteflip); }
-        // we deliberately avoid _mm512_mask_compressstoreu_epi16 for portability (zen4)
-        __m512i compressed = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi16(nonzero, t5);
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(output, (1<<(count + static_cast<unsigned int>(count_ones(sp_mask)))) - 1, compressed);
-        //_mm512_mask_compressstoreu_epi16(output, nonzero, t5);
-    }
-
-    return count + static_cast<unsigned int>(count_ones(sp_mask));
-}
-
-/**
- * Store the last N bytes of previous followed by 512-N bytes from input.
- */
-template <int N>
-__m512i prev(__m512i input, __m512i previous) {
-    static_assert(N<=32, "N must be no larger than 32");
-    const __m512i movemask = _mm512_setr_epi32(28,29,30,31,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11);
-    const __m512i rotated = _mm512_permutex2var_epi32(input, movemask, previous);
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC8 || SIMDUTF_GCC9
-    constexpr int shift = 16-N; // workaround for GCC8,9
-    return _mm512_alignr_epi8(input, rotated, shift);
-#else
-    return _mm512_alignr_epi8(input, rotated, 16-N);
-#endif // SIMDUTF_GCC8 || SIMDUTF_GCC9
-}
-
-template <unsigned idx0, unsigned idx1, unsigned idx2, unsigned idx3>
-__m512i shuffle_epi128(__m512i v) {
-    static_assert((idx0 >= 0 && idx0 <= 3), "idx0 must be in range 0..3");
-    static_assert((idx1 >= 0 && idx1 <= 3), "idx1 must be in range 0..3");
-    static_assert((idx2 >= 0 && idx2 <= 3), "idx2 must be in range 0..3");
-    static_assert((idx3 >= 0 && idx3 <= 3), "idx3 must be in range 0..3");
-
-    constexpr unsigned shuffle = idx0 | (idx1 << 2) | (idx2 << 4) | (idx3 << 6);
-    return _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(v, v, shuffle);
-}
-
-template <unsigned idx>
-constexpr __m512i broadcast_epi128(__m512i v) {
-    return shuffle_epi128<idx, idx, idx, idx>(v);
-}
-
-/**
- * Current unused.
- */
-template <int N>
-__m512i rotate_by_N_epi8(const __m512i input) {
-
-    // lanes order: 1, 2, 3, 0 => 0b00_11_10_01
-    const __m512i permuted = _mm512_shuffle_i32x4(input, input, 0x39);
-
-    return _mm512_alignr_epi8(permuted, input, N);
-}
-
-/*
-    expanded_utf8_to_utf32 converts expanded UTF-8 characters (`utf8`)
-    stored at separate 32-bit lanes.
-
-    For each lane we have also a character class (`char_class), given in form
-    0x8080800N, where N is 4 highest bits from the leading byte; 0x80 resets
-    corresponding bytes during pshufb.
-*/
-simdutf_really_inline __m512i expanded_utf8_to_utf32(__m512i char_class, __m512i utf8) {
-    /*
-        Input:
-        - utf8: bytes stored at separate 32-bit code units
-        - valid: which code units have valid UTF-8 characters
-
-        Bit layout of single word. We show 4 cases for each possible
-        UTF-8 character encoding. The `?` denotes bits we must not
-        assume their value.
-
-        |10dd.dddd|10cc.cccc|10bb.bbbb|1111.0aaa| 4-byte char
-        |????.????|10cc.cccc|10bb.bbbb|1110.aaaa| 3-byte char
-        |????.????|????.????|10bb.bbbb|110a.aaaa| 2-byte char
-        |????.????|????.????|????.????|0aaa.aaaa| ASCII char
-          byte 3    byte 2    byte 1     byte 0
-    */
-
-    /* 1. Reset control bits of continuation bytes and the MSB
-          of the leading byte; this makes all bytes unsigned (and
-          does not alter ASCII char).
-
-        |00dd.dddd|00cc.cccc|00bb.bbbb|0111.0aaa| 4-byte char
-        |00??.????|00cc.cccc|00bb.bbbb|0110.aaaa| 3-byte char
-        |00??.????|00??.????|00bb.bbbb|010a.aaaa| 2-byte char
-        |00??.????|00??.????|00??.????|0aaa.aaaa| ASCII char
-         ^^        ^^        ^^        ^
-    */
-    __m512i values;
-    const __m512i v_3f3f_3f7f = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x3f3f3f7f);
-    values = _mm512_and_si512(utf8, v_3f3f_3f7f);
-
-    /* 2. Swap and join fields A-B and C-D
-
-        |0000.cccc|ccdd.dddd|0001.110a|aabb.bbbb| 4-byte char
-        |0000.cccc|cc??.????|0001.10aa|aabb.bbbb| 3-byte char
-        |0000.????|????.????|0001.0aaa|aabb.bbbb| 2-byte char
-        |0000.????|????.????|000a.aaaa|aa??.????| ASCII char */
-    const __m512i v_0140_0140 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x01400140);
-    values = _mm512_maddubs_epi16(values, v_0140_0140);
-
-    /* 3. Swap and join fields AB & CD
-
-        |0000.0001|110a.aabb|bbbb.cccc|ccdd.dddd| 4-byte char
-        |0000.0001|10aa.aabb|bbbb.cccc|cc??.????| 3-byte char
-        |0000.0001|0aaa.aabb|bbbb.????|????.????| 2-byte char
-        |0000.000a|aaaa.aa??|????.????|????.????| ASCII char */
-    const __m512i v_0001_1000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00011000);
-    values = _mm512_madd_epi16(values, v_0001_1000);
-
-    /* 4. Shift left the values by variable amounts to reset highest UTF-8 bits
-        |aaab.bbbb|bccc.cccd|dddd.d000|0000.0000| 4-byte char -- by 11
-        |aaaa.bbbb|bbcc.cccc|????.??00|0000.0000| 3-byte char -- by 10
-        |aaaa.abbb|bbb?.????|????.???0|0000.0000| 2-byte char -- by 9
-        |aaaa.aaa?|????.????|????.????|?000.0000| ASCII char -- by 7 */
-    {
-        /** pshufb
-
-        continuation = 0
-        ascii    = 7
-        _2_bytes = 9
-        _3_bytes = 10
-        _4_bytes = 11
-
-        shift_left_v3 = 4 * [
-            ascii, # 0000
-            ascii, # 0001
-            ascii, # 0010
-            ascii, # 0011
-            ascii, # 0100
-            ascii, # 0101
-            ascii, # 0110
-            ascii, # 0111
-            continuation, # 1000
-            continuation, # 1001
-            continuation, # 1010
-            continuation, # 1011
-            _2_bytes, # 1100
-            _2_bytes, # 1101
-            _3_bytes, # 1110
-            _4_bytes, # 1111
-        ] */
-        const __m512i shift_left_v3 = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0707070707070707,
-            0x0b0a090900000000,
-            0x0707070707070707,
-            0x0b0a090900000000,
-            0x0707070707070707,
-            0x0b0a090900000000,
-            0x0707070707070707,
-            0x0b0a090900000000
-        );
-
-        const __m512i shift = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(shift_left_v3, char_class);
-        values = _mm512_sllv_epi32(values, shift);
-    }
-
-    /* 5. Shift right the values by variable amounts to reset lowest bits
-        |0000.0000|000a.aabb|bbbb.cccc|ccdd.dddd| 4-byte char -- by 11
-        |0000.0000|0000.0000|aaaa.bbbb|bbcc.cccc| 3-byte char -- by 16
-        |0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0aaa|aabb.bbbb| 2-byte char -- by 21
-        |0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000|0aaa.aaaa| ASCII char -- by 25 */
-    {
-        // 4 * [25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 21, 21, 16, 11]
-        const __m512i shift_right = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x1919191919191919,
-            0x0b10151500000000,
-            0x1919191919191919,
-            0x0b10151500000000,
-            0x1919191919191919,
-            0x0b10151500000000,
-            0x1919191919191919,
-            0x0b10151500000000
-        );
-
-        const __m512i shift = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(shift_right, char_class);
-        values = _mm512_srlv_epi32(values, shift);
-    }
-
-    return values;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_really_inline __m512i expand_and_identify(__m512i lane0, __m512i lane1, int &count) {
-    const __m512i merged = _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(lane0, 0x1000, lane1);
-    const __m512i expand_ver2 = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-                0x0403020103020100,
-                0x0605040305040302,
-                0x0807060507060504,
-                0x0a09080709080706,
-                0x0c0b0a090b0a0908,
-                0x0e0d0c0b0d0c0b0a,
-                0x000f0e0d0f0e0d0c,
-                0x0201000f01000f0e
-    );
-    const __m512i input = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(merged, expand_ver2);
-    const __m512i v_0000_00c0 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xc0);
-    const __m512i t0 = _mm512_and_si512(input, v_0000_00c0);
-    const __m512i v_0000_0080 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80);
-    const __mmask16 leading_bytes = _mm512_cmpneq_epu32_mask(t0, v_0000_0080);
-    count = static_cast<int>(count_ones(leading_bytes));
-    return  _mm512_mask_compress_epi32(_mm512_setzero_si512(), leading_bytes, input);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline __m512i expand_utf8_to_utf32(__m512i input) {
-    __m512i char_class = _mm512_srli_epi32(input, 4);
-    /*  char_class = ((input >> 4) & 0x0f) | 0x80808000 */
-    const __m512i v_0000_000f = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x0f);
-    const __m512i v_8080_8000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80808000);
-    char_class = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(char_class, v_0000_000f, v_8080_8000, 0xea);
-    return expanded_utf8_to_utf32(char_class, input);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_utf8_common.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_macros.inl.cpp */
-
-/*
-    This upcoming macro (SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_TRANSCODE16) takes 16 + 4 bytes (of a UTF-8 string)
-    and loads all possible 4-byte substring into an AVX512 register.
-
-    For example if we have bytes abcdefgh... we create following 32-bit lanes
-
-    [abcd|bcde|cdef|defg|efgh|...]
-     ^                          ^
-     byte 0 of reg              byte 63 of reg
-*/
-/** pshufb
-        # lane{0,1,2} have got bytes: [  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
-        # lane3 has got bytes:        [ 16, 17, 18, 19,  4,  5,  6,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
-
-        expand_ver2 = [
-            # lane 0:
-            0, 1, 2, 3,
-            1, 2, 3, 4,
-            2, 3, 4, 5,
-            3, 4, 5, 6,
-
-            # lane 1:
-            4, 5, 6, 7,
-            5, 6, 7, 8,
-            6, 7, 8, 9,
-            7, 8, 9, 10,
-
-            # lane 2:
-             8,  9, 10, 11,
-             9, 10, 11, 12,
-            10, 11, 12, 13,
-            11, 12, 13, 14,
-
-            # lane 3 order: 13, 14, 15, 16 14, 15, 16, 17, 15, 16, 17, 18, 16, 17, 18, 19
-            12, 13, 14, 15,
-            13, 14, 15,  0,
-            14, 15,  0,  1,
-            15,  0,  1,  2,
-        ]
-*/
-
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_TRANSCODE16(LANE0, LANE1, MASKED)                                                    \
-        {                                                                                                    \
-            const __m512i merged = _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(LANE0, 0x1000, LANE1);                              \
-            const __m512i expand_ver2 = _mm512_setr_epi64(                                                   \
-                0x0403020103020100,                                                                          \
-                0x0605040305040302,                                                                          \
-                0x0807060507060504,                                                                          \
-                0x0a09080709080706,                                                                          \
-                0x0c0b0a090b0a0908,                                                                          \
-                0x0e0d0c0b0d0c0b0a,                                                                          \
-                0x000f0e0d0f0e0d0c,                                                                          \
-                0x0201000f01000f0e                                                                           \
-            );                                                                                               \
-            const __m512i input = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(merged, expand_ver2);                                  \
-                                                                                                             \
-            __mmask16 leading_bytes;                                                                         \
-            const __m512i v_0000_00c0 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xc0);                                             \
-            const __m512i t0 = _mm512_and_si512(input, v_0000_00c0);                                         \
-            const __m512i v_0000_0080 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80);                                             \
-            leading_bytes = _mm512_cmpneq_epu32_mask(t0, v_0000_0080);                                       \
-                                                                                                             \
-            __m512i char_class;                                                                              \
-            char_class = _mm512_srli_epi32(input, 4);                                                        \
-            /*  char_class = ((input >> 4) & 0x0f) | 0x80808000 */                                           \
-            const __m512i v_0000_000f = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x0f);                                             \
-            const __m512i v_8080_8000 = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80808000);                                       \
-            char_class = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(char_class, v_0000_000f, v_8080_8000, 0xea);              \
-                                                                                                             \
-            const int valid_count = static_cast<int>(count_ones(leading_bytes));                             \
-            const __m512i utf32 = expanded_utf8_to_utf32(char_class, input);                                 \
-                                                                                                             \
-            const __m512i out = _mm512_mask_compress_epi32(_mm512_setzero_si512(), leading_bytes, utf32);    \
-                                                                                                             \
-            if (UTF32) {                                                                                     \
-                if(MASKED) {                                                                                 \
-                    const __mmask16 valid = uint16_t((1 << valid_count) - 1);                                \
-                    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi32((__m512i*)output, valid, out);                                  \
-                } else {                                                                                     \
-                    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)output, out);                                              \
-                }                                                                                            \
-                output += valid_count;                                                                       \
-            } else {                                                                                         \
-                if(MASKED) {                                                                                 \
-                    output += utf32_to_utf16_masked<big_endian>(byteflip, out, valid_count, reinterpret_cast<char16_t *>(output)); \
-                } else {                                                                                     \
-                    output += utf32_to_utf16<big_endian>(byteflip, out, valid_count, reinterpret_cast<char16_t *>(output));        \
-                }                                                                                            \
-            }                                                                                                \
-        }
-
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(INPUT, VALID_COUNT, MASKED)                                    \
-{                                                                                                           \
-    if (UTF32) {                                                                                            \
-        if(MASKED) {                                                                                        \
-            const __mmask16 valid_mask = uint16_t((1 << VALID_COUNT) - 1);                                  \
-            _mm512_mask_storeu_epi32((__m512i*)output, valid_mask, INPUT);                                  \
-        } else {                                                                                            \
-            _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)output, INPUT);                                              \
-        }                                                                                                   \
-        output += VALID_COUNT;                                                                              \
-    } else {                                                                                                \
-        if(MASKED) {                                                                                        \
-            output += utf32_to_utf16_masked<big_endian>(byteflip, INPUT, VALID_COUNT, reinterpret_cast<char16_t *>(output));      \
-        } else {                                                                                            \
-            output += utf32_to_utf16<big_endian>(byteflip, INPUT, VALID_COUNT, reinterpret_cast<char16_t *>(output));             \
-        }                                                                                                   \
-    }                                                                                                       \
-}
-
-
-#define SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)                                  \
-        if (UTF32) {                                                                      \
-                const __m128i t0 = _mm512_castsi512_si128(utf8);                          \
-                const __m128i t1 = _mm512_extracti32x4_epi32(utf8, 1);                    \
-                const __m128i t2 = _mm512_extracti32x4_epi32(utf8, 2);                    \
-                const __m128i t3 = _mm512_extracti32x4_epi32(utf8, 3);                    \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 0*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi32(t0)); \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 1*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi32(t1)); \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 2*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi32(t2)); \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 3*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi32(t3)); \
-        } else {                                                                          \
-                const __m256i h0 = _mm512_castsi512_si256(utf8);                          \
-                const __m256i h1 = _mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(utf8, 1);                    \
-                if(big_endian) {                                                          \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 0*16), _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(h0), byteflip)); \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 2*16), _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(h1), byteflip)); \
-                } else {                                                                  \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 0*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(h0)); \
-                _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)(output + 2*16), _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(h1)); \
-                }                                                                         \
-        }
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_macros.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_from_valid_utf8.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// File contains conversion procedure from VALID UTF-8 strings.
-
-/*
-    valid_utf8_to_fixed_length converts a valid UTF-8 string into UTF-32.
-
-    The `OUTPUT` template type decides what to do with UTF-32: store
-    it directly or convert into UTF-16 (with AVX512).
-
-    Input:
-    - str           - valid UTF-8 string
-    - len           - string length
-    - out_buffer    - output buffer
-
-    Result:
-    - pair.first    - the first unprocessed input byte
-    - pair.second   - the first unprocessed output word
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian, typename OUTPUT>
-std::pair<const char*, OUTPUT*> valid_utf8_to_fixed_length(const char* str, size_t len, OUTPUT* dwords) {
-    constexpr bool UTF32 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, uint32_t>::value;
-    constexpr bool UTF16 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, char16_t>::value;
-    static_assert(UTF32 or UTF16, "output type has to be uint32_t (for UTF-32) or char16_t (for UTF-16)");
-    static_assert(!(UTF32 and big_endian), "we do not currently support big-endian UTF-32");
-
-    __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    const char* ptr = str;
-    const char* end = ptr + len;
-
-    OUTPUT* output = dwords;
-    /**
-     * In the main loop, we consume 64 bytes per iteration,
-     * but we access 64 + 4 bytes.
-     * We check for ptr + 64 + 64 <= end because
-     * we want to be do maskless writes without overruns.
-     */
-    while (ptr + 64 + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        const __m512i v_80 = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0x80));
-        const __mmask64 ascii = _mm512_test_epi8_mask(utf8, v_80);
-        if(ascii == 0) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-        const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-        int valid_count0;
-        __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-        const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-        int valid_count1;
-        __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-        if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-            vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-            valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-        } else {
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, false)
-        }
-        const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-        int valid_count2;
-        __m512i vec2 = expand_and_identify(lane2, lane3, valid_count2);
-        uint32_t tmp1;
-        ::memcpy(&tmp1, ptr + 64, sizeof(tmp1));
-        const __m512i lane4 = _mm512_set1_epi32(tmp1);
-        int valid_count3;
-        __m512i vec3 = expand_and_identify(lane3, lane4, valid_count3);
-        if(valid_count2 + valid_count3 <= 16) {
-            vec2 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec2, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count3)-1)<<valid_count2), vec3);
-            valid_count2 += valid_count3;
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-        } else {
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            vec3 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec3);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec3, valid_count3, false)
-        }
-        ptr += 4*16;
-    }
-
-    if (ptr + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        const __m512i v_80 = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0x80));
-        const __mmask64 ascii = _mm512_test_epi8_mask(utf8, v_80);
-        if(ascii == 0) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-        } else {
-            const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-            const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-            int valid_count0;
-            __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-            const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-            int valid_count1;
-            __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-            if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-                vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-                valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-            } else {
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, true)
-            }
-
-            const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_TRANSCODE16(lane2, lane3, true)
-
-            ptr += 3*16;
-        }
-    }
-    return {ptr, output};
-}
-
-
-using utf8_to_utf16_result = std::pair<const char*, char16_t*>;
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_from_valid_utf8.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_utf8_validation.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-
-simdutf_really_inline __m512i check_special_cases(__m512i input, const __m512i prev1) {
-  __m512i mask1 = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-        0x0202020202020202,
-        0x4915012180808080,
-        0x0202020202020202,
-        0x4915012180808080,
-        0x0202020202020202,
-        0x4915012180808080,
-        0x0202020202020202,
-        0x4915012180808080);
-    const __m512i v_0f = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0f);
-    __m512i index1 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(prev1, 4), v_0f);
-
-    __m512i byte_1_high = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(mask1, index1);
-    __m512i mask2 = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-        0xcbcbcb8b8383a3e7,
-        0xcbcbdbcbcbcbcbcb,
-        0xcbcbcb8b8383a3e7,
-        0xcbcbdbcbcbcbcbcb,
-        0xcbcbcb8b8383a3e7,
-        0xcbcbdbcbcbcbcbcb,
-        0xcbcbcb8b8383a3e7,
-        0xcbcbdbcbcbcbcbcb);
-     __m512i index2 = _mm512_and_si512(prev1, v_0f);
-
-    __m512i byte_1_low = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(mask2, index2);
-    __m512i mask3 = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-        0x101010101010101,
-        0x1010101babaaee6,
-        0x101010101010101,
-        0x1010101babaaee6,
-        0x101010101010101,
-        0x1010101babaaee6,
-        0x101010101010101,
-        0x1010101babaaee6
-    );
-    __m512i index3 = _mm512_and_si512(_mm512_srli_epi16(input, 4), v_0f);
-    __m512i byte_2_high = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(mask3, index3);
-    return _mm512_ternarylogic_epi64(byte_1_high, byte_1_low, byte_2_high, 128);
-  }
-
-  simdutf_really_inline __m512i check_multibyte_lengths(const __m512i input,
-      const __m512i prev_input, const __m512i sc) {
-    __m512i prev2 = prev<2>(input, prev_input);
-    __m512i prev3 = prev<3>(input, prev_input);
-    __m512i is_third_byte  = _mm512_subs_epu8(prev2, _mm512_set1_epi8(0b11100000u-1)); // Only 111_____ will be > 0
-    __m512i is_fourth_byte  = _mm512_subs_epu8(prev3, _mm512_set1_epi8(0b11110000u-1)); // Only 1111____ will be > 0
-    __m512i is_third_or_fourth_byte = _mm512_or_si512(is_third_byte, is_fourth_byte);
-    const __m512i v_7f = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0x7f));
-    is_third_or_fourth_byte = _mm512_adds_epu8(v_7f, is_third_or_fourth_byte);
-    // We want to compute (is_third_or_fourth_byte AND v80) XOR sc.
-    const __m512i v_80 = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0x80));
-    return _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(is_third_or_fourth_byte, v_80, sc, 0b1101010);
-    //__m512i is_third_or_fourth_byte_mask = _mm512_and_si512(is_third_or_fourth_byte, v_80);
-    //return _mm512_xor_si512(is_third_or_fourth_byte_mask, sc);
-  }
-  //
-  // Return nonzero if there are incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the block:
-  // e.g. if there is a 4-byte character, but it's 3 bytes from the end.
-  //
-  simdutf_really_inline __m512i is_incomplete(const __m512i input) {
-    // If the previous input's last 3 bytes match this, they're too short (they ended at EOF):
-    // ... 1111____ 111_____ 11______
-    __m512i max_value = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xffffffffffffffff,
-        0xbfdfefffffffffff);
-    return _mm512_subs_epu8(input, max_value);
-  }
-
-  struct avx512_utf8_checker {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    __m512i error{};
-
-    // The last input we received
-    __m512i prev_input_block{};
-    // Whether the last input we received was incomplete (used for ASCII fast path)
-    __m512i prev_incomplete{};
-
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const __m512i input, const __m512i prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      __m512i prev1 = prev<1>(input, prev_input);
-      __m512i sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error = _mm512_or_si512(check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc), this->error);
-    }
-
-    // The only problem that can happen at EOF is that a multibyte character is too short
-    // or a byte value too large in the last bytes: check_special_cases only checks for bytes
-    // too large in the first of two bytes.
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_eof() {
-      // If the previous block had incomplete UTF-8 characters at the end, an ASCII block can't
-      // possibly finish them.
-      this->error = _mm512_or_si512(this->error, this->prev_incomplete);
-    }
-
-    // returns true if ASCII.
-    simdutf_really_inline bool check_next_input(const __m512i input) {
-      const __m512i v_80 = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0x80));
-      const __mmask64 ascii = _mm512_test_epi8_mask(input, v_80);
-      if(ascii == 0) {
-        this->error = _mm512_or_si512(this->error, this->prev_incomplete);
-        return true;
-      } else {
-        this->check_utf8_bytes(input, this->prev_input_block);
-        this->prev_incomplete = is_incomplete(input);
-        this->prev_input_block = input;
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    // do not forget to call check_eof!
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-        return _mm512_test_epi8_mask(this->error, this->error) != 0;
-    }
-
-  }; // struct avx512_utf8_checker
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_utf8_validation.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_from_utf8.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// File contains conversion procedure from possibly invalid UTF-8 strings.
-
-/**
- * Attempts to convert up to len 1-byte code units from in (in UTF-8 format) to
- * out.
- * Returns the position of the input and output after the processing is
- * completed. Upon error, the output is set to null.
- */
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-utf8_to_utf16_result fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16(const char *in, size_t len, char16_t *out) {
-  const char *const final_in = in + len;
-  bool result = true;
-  while (result) {
-    if (in + 64 <= final_in) {
-        result = process_block_utf8_to_utf16<SIMDUTF_FULL, big_endian>(in, out, final_in - in);
-    } else if(in < final_in) {
-        result = process_block_utf8_to_utf16<SIMDUTF_TAIL, big_endian>(in, out, final_in - in);
-    } else { break; }
-  }
-  if(!result) { out = nullptr; }
-  return std::make_pair(in, out);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf::result fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16_with_errors(const char *in, size_t len, char16_t *out) {
-  const char *const init_in = in;
-  const char16_t *const init_out = out;
-  const char *const final_in = in + len;
-  bool  result = true;
-  while (result) {
-    if (in + 64 <= final_in) {
-        result = process_block_utf8_to_utf16<SIMDUTF_FULL, big_endian>(in, out, final_in - in);
-    } else if(in < final_in) {
-        result = process_block_utf8_to_utf16<SIMDUTF_TAIL, big_endian>(in, out, final_in - in);
-    } else { break; }
-  }
-  if(!result) {
-    // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in onward,
-    // with the ability to go back up to in - init_in bytes, and read final_in - in bytes forward.
-    simdutf::result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<big_endian>(in - init_in, in, final_in - in, out);
-    res.count += (in - init_in);
-    return res;
-  } else {
-    return simdutf::result(error_code::SUCCESS,out - init_out);
-  }
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian, typename OUTPUT>
-std::pair<const char*, OUTPUT*> validating_utf8_to_fixed_length(const char* str, size_t len, OUTPUT* dwords) {
-    constexpr bool UTF32 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, uint32_t>::value;
-    constexpr bool UTF16 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, char16_t>::value;
-    static_assert(UTF32 or UTF16, "output type has to be uint32_t (for UTF-32) or char16_t (for UTF-16)");
-    static_assert(!(UTF32 and big_endian), "we do not currently support big-endian UTF-32");
-
-    const char* ptr = str;
-    const char* end = ptr + len;
-    __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    OUTPUT* output = dwords;
-    avx512_utf8_checker checker{};
-    /**
-     * In the main loop, we consume 64 bytes per iteration,
-     * but we access 64 + 4 bytes.
-     * We check for ptr + 64 + 64 <= end because
-     * we want to be do maskless writes without overruns.
-     */
-    while (ptr + 64 + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        if(checker.check_next_input(utf8)) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-            continue;
-        }
-        const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-        const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-        int valid_count0;
-        __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-        const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-        int valid_count1;
-        __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-        if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-            vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-            valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-        } else {
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, false)
-        }
-        const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-        int valid_count2;
-        __m512i vec2 = expand_and_identify(lane2, lane3, valid_count2);
-        uint32_t tmp1;
-        ::memcpy(&tmp1, ptr + 64, sizeof(tmp1));
-        const __m512i lane4 = _mm512_set1_epi32(tmp1);
-        int valid_count3;
-        __m512i vec3 = expand_and_identify(lane3, lane4, valid_count3);
-        if(valid_count2 + valid_count3 <= 16) {
-            vec2 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec2, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count3)-1)<<valid_count2), vec3);
-            valid_count2 += valid_count3;
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-        } else {
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            vec3 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec3);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec3, valid_count3, false)
-        }
-        ptr += 4*16;
-    }
-    const char* validatedptr = ptr; // validated up to ptr
-
-    // For the final pass, we validate 64 bytes, but we only transcode
-    // 3*16 bytes, so we may end up double-validating 16 bytes.
-    if (ptr + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        if(checker.check_next_input(utf8)) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-        } else {
-            const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-            const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-            int valid_count0;
-            __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-            const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-            int valid_count1;
-            __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-            if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-                vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-                valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-            } else {
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, true)
-            }
-
-            const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_TRANSCODE16(lane2, lane3, true)
-
-            ptr += 3*16;
-        }
-        validatedptr += 4*16;
-    }
-    {
-       const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((1ULL<<(end - validatedptr))-1, (const __m512i*)validatedptr);
-       checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-    }
-    checker.check_eof();
-    if(checker.errors()) {
-        return {ptr, nullptr}; // We found an error.
-    }
-    return {ptr, output};
-}
-
-// Like validating_utf8_to_fixed_length but returns as soon as an error is identified
-template <endianness big_endian, typename OUTPUT>
-std::tuple<const char*, OUTPUT*, bool> validating_utf8_to_fixed_length_with_constant_checks(const char* str, size_t len, OUTPUT* dwords) {
-    constexpr bool UTF32 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, uint32_t>::value;
-    constexpr bool UTF16 = std::is_same<OUTPUT, char16_t>::value;
-    static_assert(UTF32 or UTF16, "output type has to be uint32_t (for UTF-32) or char16_t (for UTF-16)");
-    static_assert(!(UTF32 and big_endian), "we do not currently support big-endian UTF-32");
-
-    const char* ptr = str;
-    const char* end = ptr + len;
-    __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    OUTPUT* output = dwords;
-    avx512_utf8_checker checker{};
-    /**
-     * In the main loop, we consume 64 bytes per iteration,
-     * but we access 64 + 4 bytes.
-     * We check for ptr + 64 + 64 <= end because
-     * we want to be do maskless writes without overruns.
-     */
-    while (ptr + 64 + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        if(checker.check_next_input(utf8)) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if(checker.errors()) {
-            return {ptr, output, false}; // We found an error.
-        }
-        const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-        const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-        int valid_count0;
-        __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-        const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-        int valid_count1;
-        __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-        if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-            vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-            valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-        } else {
-            vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-            vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, false)
-        }
-        const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-        int valid_count2;
-        __m512i vec2 = expand_and_identify(lane2, lane3, valid_count2);
-        uint32_t tmp1;
-        ::memcpy(&tmp1, ptr + 64, sizeof(tmp1));
-        const __m512i lane4 = _mm512_set1_epi32(tmp1);
-        int valid_count3;
-        __m512i vec3 = expand_and_identify(lane3, lane4, valid_count3);
-        if(valid_count2 + valid_count3 <= 16) {
-            vec2 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec2, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count3)-1)<<valid_count2), vec3);
-            valid_count2 += valid_count3;
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-        } else {
-            vec2 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec2);
-            vec3 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec3);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec2, valid_count2, false)
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec3, valid_count3, false)
-        }
-        ptr += 4*16;
-    }
-    const char* validatedptr = ptr; // validated up to ptr
-
-    // For the final pass, we validate 64 bytes, but we only transcode
-    // 3*16 bytes, so we may end up double-validating 16 bytes.
-    if (ptr + 64 <= end) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        if(checker.check_next_input(utf8)) {
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_STORE_ASCII(UTF32, utf8, output)
-            output += 64;
-            ptr += 64;
-        } else if(checker.errors()) {
-            return {ptr, output, false}; // We found an error.
-        } else {
-            const __m512i lane0 = broadcast_epi128<0>(utf8);
-            const __m512i lane1 = broadcast_epi128<1>(utf8);
-            int valid_count0;
-            __m512i vec0 = expand_and_identify(lane0, lane1, valid_count0);
-            const __m512i lane2 = broadcast_epi128<2>(utf8);
-            int valid_count1;
-            __m512i vec1 = expand_and_identify(lane1, lane2, valid_count1);
-            if(valid_count0 + valid_count1 <= 16) {
-                vec0 = _mm512_mask_expand_epi32(vec0, __mmask16(((1<<valid_count1)-1)<<valid_count0), vec1);
-                valid_count0 += valid_count1;
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-            } else {
-                vec0 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec0);
-                vec1 = expand_utf8_to_utf32(vec1);
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec0, valid_count0, true)
-                SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_WRITE_UTF16_OR_UTF32(vec1, valid_count1, true)
-            }
-
-            const __m512i lane3 = broadcast_epi128<3>(utf8);
-            SIMDUTF_ICELAKE_TRANSCODE16(lane2, lane3, true)
-
-            ptr += 3*16;
-        }
-        validatedptr += 4*16;
-    }
-    {
-       const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((1ULL<<(end - validatedptr))-1, (const __m512i*)validatedptr);
-       checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-    }
-    checker.check_eof();
-    if(checker.errors()) {
-        return {ptr, output, false}; // We found an error.
-    }
-    return {ptr, output, true};
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_from_utf8.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf8_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// File contains conversion procedure from possibly invalid UTF-8 strings.
-
-// template <bool is_remaining, bool use_masked_store>
-template <bool is_remaining>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t process_block_from_utf8_to_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len,
-                                           char *latin_output, __m512i minus64,
-                                           __m512i one,
-                                           __mmask64 *next_leading_ptr,
-                                           __mmask64 *next_bit6_ptr) {
-  __mmask64 load_mask =
-      is_remaining ? _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)len) : ~0ULL;
-  __m512i input = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(load_mask, (__m512i *)buf);
-  __mmask64 nonascii = _mm512_movepi8_mask(input);
-
-  if (nonascii == 0) {
-    is_remaining
-        ? _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8((__m512i *)latin_output, load_mask, input)
-        : _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)latin_output, input);
-    return len;
-  }
-
-  __mmask64 leading = _mm512_cmpge_epu8_mask(input, minus64);
-
-  __m512i highbits = _mm512_xor_si512(input, _mm512_set1_epi8(-62));
-  __mmask64 invalid_leading_bytes =
-      _mm512_mask_cmpgt_epu8_mask(leading, highbits, one);
-
-  if (invalid_leading_bytes) {
-    return 0; // Indicates error
-  }
-
-  __mmask64 leading_shift = (leading << 1) | *next_leading_ptr;
-  *next_leading_ptr = leading >> 63;
-
-  if ((nonascii ^ leading) != leading_shift) {
-    return 0; // Indicates error
-  }
-
-  __mmask64 bit6 = _mm512_cmpeq_epi8_mask(highbits, one);
-  input =
-      _mm512_mask_sub_epi8(input, (bit6 << 1) | *next_bit6_ptr, input, minus64);
-  *next_bit6_ptr = bit6 >> 63;
-
-  __mmask64 retain = ~leading & load_mask;
-  __m512i output = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(retain, input);
-  int64_t written_out = count_ones(retain);
-  __mmask64 store_mask = (1ULL << written_out) - 1;
-
-  // ***************************
-  //  Possible optimization? (Nick Nuon)
-  //  This commented out line is 5% faster but sadly it'll also write past
-  //  memory bounds for latin1_output: is_remaining ?
-  //  _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8((__m512i *)latin_output, store_mask, output) :
-  //  _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)latin_output, output); I tried using
-  //  _mm512_storeu_si512 and have the next process_block start from the
-  //  "written_out" point but the compiler shuffles memory in such a way that it
-  //  is significantly slower...
-  // ****************************
-  _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8((__m512i *)latin_output, store_mask, output);
-
-  return written_out;
-}
-
-size_t utf8_to_latin1_avx512(const char *buf, size_t len, char *latin_output) {
-  char *start = latin_output;
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  __m512i minus64 = _mm512_set1_epi8(-64); // 11111111111 ... 1100 0000
-  __m512i one = _mm512_set1_epi8(1);
-  __mmask64 next_leading = 0;
-  __mmask64 next_bit6 = 0;
-
-  while (pos + 64 <= len) {
-    size_t written = process_block_from_utf8_to_latin1<false>(buf + pos, 64, latin_output, minus64,
-                                          one, &next_leading, &next_bit6);
-    if (written == 0) {
-      return 0; // Indicates error
-    }
-    latin_output += written;
-    pos += 64;
-  }
-
-  if (pos < len) {
-    size_t remaining = len - pos;
-    size_t written =
-        process_block_from_utf8_to_latin1<true>(buf + pos, remaining, latin_output, minus64, one,
-                            &next_leading, &next_bit6);
-    if (written == 0) {
-      return 0; // Indicates error
-    }
-    latin_output += written;
-  }
-
-  return (size_t)(latin_output - start);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf8_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// File contains conversion procedure from valid UTF-8 strings.
-
-template <bool is_remaining>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t process_valid_block_from_utf8_to_latin1(const char *buf, size_t len,
-                                                 char *latin_output,
-                                                 __m512i minus64, __m512i one,
-                                                 __mmask64 *next_leading_ptr,
-                                                 __mmask64 *next_bit6_ptr) {
-  __mmask64 load_mask =
-      is_remaining ? _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)len) : ~0ULL;
-  __m512i input = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(load_mask, (__m512i *)buf);
-  __mmask64 nonascii = _mm512_movepi8_mask(input);
-
-  if (nonascii == 0) {
-    is_remaining
-        ? _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8((__m512i *)latin_output, load_mask, input)
-        : _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)latin_output, input);
-    return len;
-  }
-
-  __mmask64 leading = _mm512_cmpge_epu8_mask(input, minus64);
-
-  __m512i highbits = _mm512_xor_si512(input, _mm512_set1_epi8(-62));
-
-  *next_leading_ptr = leading >> 63;
-
-  __mmask64 bit6 = _mm512_cmpeq_epi8_mask(highbits, one);
-  input =
-      _mm512_mask_sub_epi8(input, (bit6 << 1) | *next_bit6_ptr, input, minus64);
-  *next_bit6_ptr = bit6 >> 63;
-
-  __mmask64 retain = ~leading & load_mask;
-  __m512i output = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(retain, input);
-  int64_t written_out = count_ones(retain);
-  __mmask64 store_mask = (1ULL << written_out) - 1;
-  // Optimization opportunity: sometimes, masked writes are not needed.
-  _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8((__m512i *)latin_output, store_mask, output);
-  return written_out;
-}
-
-size_t valid_utf8_to_latin1_avx512(const char *buf, size_t len,
-                                   char *latin_output) {
-  char *start = latin_output;
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  __m512i minus64 = _mm512_set1_epi8(-64); // 11111111111 ... 1100 0000
-  __m512i one = _mm512_set1_epi8(1);
-  __mmask64 next_leading = 0;
-  __mmask64 next_bit6 = 0;
-
-  while (pos + 64 <= len) {
-    size_t written = process_valid_block_from_utf8_to_latin1<false>(
-        buf + pos, 64, latin_output, minus64, one, &next_leading, &next_bit6);
-    latin_output += written;
-    pos += 64;
-  }
-
-  if (pos < len) {
-    size_t remaining = len - pos;
-    size_t written =
-        process_valid_block_from_utf8_to_latin1<true>(buf + pos, remaining, latin_output, minus64,
-                                  one, &next_leading, &next_bit6);
-    latin_output += written;
-  }
-
-  return (size_t)(latin_output - start);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                       char *latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-  __m512i v_0xFF = _mm512_set1_epi16(0xff);
-  __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809);
-  __m512i shufmask = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, 60, 58, 56, 54, 52, 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38,
-      36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0);
-  while (buf + 32 <= end) {
-    __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip);
-    }
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(
-        (__m256i *)latin1_output,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si256(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-    latin1_output += 32;
-    buf += 32;
-  }
-  if (buf < end) {
-    uint32_t mask(uint32_t(1 << (end - buf)) - 1);
-    __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip);
-    }
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    _mm256_mask_storeu_epi8(
-        latin1_output, mask,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si256(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-  }
-  return len;
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char *>
-icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                            char *latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-  const char16_t *start = buf;
-  __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809);
-  __m512i v_0xFF = _mm512_set1_epi16(0xff);
-  __m512i shufmask = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, 60, 58, 56, 54, 52, 50, 48, 46, 44, 42, 40, 38,
-      36, 34, 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0);
-  while (buf + 32 <= end) {
-    __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip);
-    }
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      uint16_t word;
-      while ((word = (big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(*buf))
-                                 : uint16_t(*buf))) <= 0xff) {
-        *latin1_output++ = uint8_t(word);
-        buf++;
-      }
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start),
-                            latin1_output);
-    }
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(
-        (__m256i *)latin1_output,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si256(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-    latin1_output += 32;
-    buf += 32;
-  }
-  if (buf < end) {
-    uint32_t mask(uint32_t(1 << (end - buf)) - 1);
-    __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(mask, buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip);
-    }
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-
-      uint16_t word;
-      while ((word = (big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(uint16_t(*buf))
-                                 : uint16_t(*buf))) <= 0xff) {
-        *latin1_output++ = uint8_t(word);
-        buf++;
-      }
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start),
-                            latin1_output);
-    }
-    _mm256_mask_storeu_epi8(
-        latin1_output, mask,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si256(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-  }
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, len), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-/**
- * This function converts the input (inbuf, inlen), assumed to be valid
- * UTF16 (little endian) into UTF-8 (to outbuf). The number of code units written
- * is written to 'outlen' and the function reports the number of input word
- * consumed.
- */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t utf16_to_utf8_avx512i(const char16_t *inbuf, size_t inlen,
-                               unsigned char *outbuf, size_t *outlen) {
-  __m512i in;
-  __mmask32 inmask = _cvtu32_mask32(0x7fffffff);
-  __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  const char16_t * const inbuf_orig = inbuf;
-  const unsigned char * const outbuf_orig = outbuf;
-  size_t adjust = 0;
-  int carry = 0;
-
-  while (inlen >= 32) {
-    in = _mm512_loadu_si512(inbuf);
-    if(big_endian) { in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip); }
-    inlen -= 31;
-  lastiteration:
-    inbuf += 31;
-
-  failiteration:
-    const __mmask32 is234byte = _mm512_mask_cmp_epu16_mask(
-      inmask, in, _mm512_set1_epi16(0x0080), _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-
-    if (_ktestz_mask32_u8(inmask, is234byte)) {
-      // fast path for ASCII only
-      _mm512_mask_cvtepi16_storeu_epi8(outbuf, inmask, in);
-      outbuf += 31;
-      carry = 0;
-
-      if (inlen < 32) {
-        goto tail;
-      } else {
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    const __mmask32 is12byte =
-        _mm512_cmp_epu16_mask(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(0x0800), _MM_CMPINT_LT);
-
-    if (_ktestc_mask32_u8(is12byte, inmask)) {
-      // fast path for 1 and 2 byte only
-
-      const __m512i twobytes = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(
-          _mm512_slli_epi16(in, 8), _mm512_srli_epi16(in, 6),
-          _mm512_set1_epi16(0x3f3f), 0xa8); // (A|B)&C
-      in = _mm512_mask_add_epi16(in, is234byte, twobytes,
-                                 _mm512_set1_epi16(int16_t(0x80c0)));
-      const __m512i cmpmask =
-          _mm512_mask_blend_epi16(inmask, _mm512_set1_epi16(int16_t(0xffff)),
-                                  _mm512_set1_epi16(0x0800));
-      const __mmask64 smoosh = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(in, cmpmask, _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-      const __m512i out = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(smoosh, in);
-      _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(outbuf, _cvtu64_mask64(_pext_u64(_cvtmask64_u64(smoosh), _cvtmask64_u64(smoosh))),
-                              out);
-      outbuf += 31 + _mm_popcnt_u32(_cvtmask32_u32(is234byte));
-      carry = 0;
-
-      if (inlen < 32) {
-        goto tail;
-      } else {
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-    __m512i lo = _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_castsi512_si256(in));
-    __m512i hi = _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_extracti32x8_epi32(in, 1));
-
-
-    __m512i taglo = _mm512_set1_epi32(0x8080e000);
-    __m512i taghi = taglo;
-
-    const __m512i fc00masked = _mm512_and_epi32(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(int16_t(0xfc00)));
-    const __mmask32 hisurr = _mm512_mask_cmp_epu16_mask(
-        inmask, fc00masked, _mm512_set1_epi16(int16_t(0xd800)), _MM_CMPINT_EQ);
-    const __mmask32 losurr = _mm512_cmp_epu16_mask(
-        fc00masked, _mm512_set1_epi16(int16_t(0xdc00)), _MM_CMPINT_EQ);
-
-    int carryout = 0;
-    if (!_kortestz_mask32_u8(hisurr, losurr)) {
-      // handle surrogates
-
-      __m512i los = _mm512_alignr_epi32(hi, lo, 1);
-      __m512i his = _mm512_alignr_epi32(lo, hi, 1);
-
-      const __mmask32 hisurrhi = _kshiftri_mask32(hisurr, 16);
-      taglo =
-          _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(taglo,__mmask16(hisurr), _mm512_set1_epi32(0x808080f0));
-      taghi =
-          _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(taghi, __mmask16(hisurrhi), _mm512_set1_epi32(0x808080f0));
-
-      lo = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(lo, __mmask16(hisurr), lo, 10);
-      hi = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(hi, __mmask16(hisurrhi), hi, 10);
-      los = _mm512_add_epi32(los, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfca02400));
-      his = _mm512_add_epi32(his, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfca02400));
-      lo = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(lo, __mmask16(hisurr), lo, los);
-      hi = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(hi, __mmask16(hisurrhi), hi, his);
-
-      carryout = _cvtu32_mask32(_kshiftri_mask32(hisurr, 30));
-
-      const uint32_t  h = _cvtmask32_u32(hisurr);
-      const uint32_t  l = _cvtmask32_u32(losurr);
-      // check for mismatched surrogates
-      if ((h + h + carry) ^ l) {
-        const uint32_t lonohi = l & ~(h + h + carry);
-        const uint32_t hinolo = h & ~(l >> 1);
-        inlen = _tzcnt_u32(hinolo | lonohi);
-        inmask = __mmask32(0x7fffffff & ((1 << inlen) - 1));
-        in = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi16(inmask, in);
-        adjust = (int)inlen - 31;
-        inlen = 0;
-        goto failiteration;
-      }
-    }
-
-    hi = _mm512_maskz_mov_epi32(_cvtu32_mask16(0x7fff),hi);
-    carry = carryout;
-
-    __m512i mslo =
-        _mm512_multishift_epi64_epi8(_mm512_set1_epi64(0x20262c3200060c12), lo);
-
-    __m512i mshi =
-        _mm512_multishift_epi64_epi8(_mm512_set1_epi64(0x20262c3200060c12), hi);
-
-    const __mmask32 outmask = __mmask32(_kandn_mask64(losurr, inmask));
-    const __mmask64 outmhi = _kshiftri_mask64(outmask, 16);
-
-    const __mmask32 is1byte = __mmask32(_knot_mask64(is234byte));
-    const __mmask64 is1bhi = _kshiftri_mask64(is1byte, 16);
-    const __mmask64 is12bhi = _kshiftri_mask64(is12byte, 16);
-
-    taglo =
-        _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(taglo, __mmask16(is12byte), _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80c00000));
-    taghi =
-        _mm512_mask_mov_epi32(taghi, __mmask16(is12bhi), _mm512_set1_epi32(0x80c00000));
-    __m512i magiclo = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(__mmask16(outmask), _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffffffff),
-                                      _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010101));
-    __m512i magichi = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(__mmask16(outmhi), _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffffffff),
-                                      _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010101));
-
-
-    magiclo = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(__mmask16(outmask), _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffffffff),
-                                      _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010101));
-    magichi = _mm512_mask_blend_epi32(__mmask16(outmhi), _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffffffff),
-                                      _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00010101));
-
-    mslo = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(mslo, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x3f3f3f3f), taglo,
-                                     0xea); // A&B|C
-    mshi = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(mshi, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x3f3f3f3f), taghi,
-                                     0xea);
-    mslo = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(mslo, __mmask16(is1byte), lo, 24);
-
-    mshi = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(mshi, __mmask16(is1bhi), hi, 24);
-
-    const __mmask64 wantlo = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(mslo, magiclo, _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-    const __mmask64 wanthi = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(mshi, magichi, _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-    const __m512i outlo = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(wantlo, mslo);
-    const __m512i outhi = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(wanthi, mshi);
-    const uint64_t wantlo_uint64 = _cvtmask64_u64(wantlo);
-    const uint64_t wanthi_uint64 = _cvtmask64_u64(wanthi);
-
-    uint64_t advlo = _mm_popcnt_u64(wantlo_uint64);
-    uint64_t advhi = _mm_popcnt_u64(wanthi_uint64);
-
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(outbuf, _cvtu64_mask64(_pext_u64(wantlo_uint64, wantlo_uint64)), outlo);
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(outbuf + advlo, _cvtu64_mask64(_pext_u64(wanthi_uint64, wanthi_uint64)), outhi);
-    outbuf += advlo + advhi;
-  }
-  outbuf -= adjust;
-
-tail:
-  if (inlen != 0) {
-    // We must have inlen < 31.
-    inmask = _cvtu32_mask32((1 << inlen) - 1);
-    in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(inmask, inbuf);
-    if(big_endian) { in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip); }
-    adjust = inlen - 31;
-    inlen = 0;
-    goto lastiteration;
-  }
-  *outlen = (outbuf - outbuf_orig) + adjust;
-  return ((inbuf - inbuf_orig) + adjust);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_utf32.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf32_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m512i v_fc00 = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xfc00);
-  const __m512i v_d800 = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-  const __m512i v_dc00 = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdc00);
-  __mmask32 carry{0};
-  const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  while (std::distance(buf,end) >= 32) {
-    // Always safe because buf + 32 <= end so that end - buf >= 32 bytes:
-    __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)buf);
-    if(big_endian) { in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(in, byteflip); }
-
-    // H - bitmask for high surrogates
-    const __mmask32 H = _mm512_cmpeq_epi16_mask(_mm512_and_si512(in, v_fc00), v_d800);
-    // H - bitmask for low surrogates
-    const __mmask32 L = _mm512_cmpeq_epi16_mask(_mm512_and_si512(in, v_fc00), v_dc00);
-
-    if ((H|L)) {
-      // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-      const __mmask32 V = (L ^ (carry | (H << 1)));   // A high surrogate must be followed by low one and a low one must be preceded by a high one.
-                                                      // If valid, V should be equal to 0
-
-      if(V == 0) {
-        // valid case
-        /*
-            Input surrogate pair:
-            |1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|1101.10bb.bbbb.bbbb|
-                low surrogate      high surrogate
-        */
-        /*  1. Expand all code units to 32-bit code units
-            in  |0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.10bb.bbbb.bbbb|
-        */
-        const __m512i first = _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_castsi512_si256(in));
-        const __m512i second = _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_extracti32x8_epi32(in,1));
-
-        /*  2. Shift by one 16-bit word to align low surrogates with high surrogates
-            in      |0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.10bb.bbbb.bbbb|
-            shifted |????.????.????.????.????.????.????.????|0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|
-        */
-        const __m512i shifted_first = _mm512_alignr_epi32(second, first, 1);
-        const __m512i shifted_second = _mm512_alignr_epi32(_mm512_setzero_si512(), second, 1);
-
-        /*  3. Align all high surrogates in first and second by shifting to the left by 10 bits
-            |0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|0000.0011.0110.bbbb.bbbb.bb00.0000.0000|
-        */
-        const __m512i aligned_first = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(first, (__mmask16)H, first, 10);
-        const __m512i aligned_second = _mm512_mask_slli_epi32(second, (__mmask16)(H>>16), second, 10);
-
-        /*  4. Remove surrogate prefixes and add offset 0x10000 by adding in, shifted and constant
-            in      |0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|0000.0011.0110.bbbb.bbbb.bb00.0000.0000|
-            shifted |????.????.????.????.????.????.????.????|0000.0000.0000.0000.1101.11aa.aaaa.aaaa|
-            constant|1111.1100.1010.0000.0010.0100.0000.0000|1111.1100.1010.0000.0010.0100.0000.0000|
-        */
-        const __m512i constant = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xfca02400);
-        const __m512i added_first = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(aligned_first, (__mmask16)H, aligned_first, shifted_first);
-        const __m512i utf32_first = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(added_first, (__mmask16)H, added_first, constant);
-
-        const __m512i added_second = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(aligned_second, (__mmask16)(H>>16), aligned_second, shifted_second);
-        const __m512i utf32_second = _mm512_mask_add_epi32(added_second, (__mmask16)(H>>16), added_second, constant);
-
-        //  5. Store all valid UTF-32 code units (low surrogate positions and 32nd word are invalid)
-        const __mmask32 valid = ~L & 0x7fffffff;
-        // We deliberately do a _mm512_maskz_compress_epi32 followed by storeu_epi32
-        // to ease performance portability to Zen 4.
-        const __m512i compressed_first = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi32((__mmask16)(valid), utf32_first);
-        const size_t howmany1 = count_ones((uint16_t)(valid));
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *) utf32_output,  compressed_first);
-        utf32_output += howmany1;
-        const __m512i compressed_second = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi32((__mmask16)(valid >> 16), utf32_second);
-        const size_t howmany2 = count_ones((uint16_t)(valid >> 16));
-        // The following could be unsafe in some cases?
-        //_mm512_storeu_epi32((__m512i *) utf32_output, compressed_second);
-        _mm512_mask_storeu_epi32((__m512i *) utf32_output, __mmask16((1<<howmany2)-1), compressed_second);
-        utf32_output += howmany2;
-        // Only process 31 code units, but keep track if the 31st word is a high surrogate as a carry
-        buf += 31;
-        carry = (H >> 30) & 0x1;
-      } else {
-        // invalid case
-        return std::make_tuple(buf+carry, utf32_output, false);
-      }
-    } else {
-      // no surrogates
-      // extend all thirty-two 16-bit code units to thirty-two 32-bit code units
-      _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(utf32_output), _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_castsi512_si256(in)));
-      _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)(utf32_output) + 1, _mm512_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm512_extracti32x8_epi32(in,1)));
-      utf32_output += 32;
-      buf += 32;
-      carry = 0;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_tuple(buf+carry, utf32_output, true);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf16_to_utf32.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-size_t icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                       char *latin1_output) {
-  const char32_t *end = buf + len;
-  __m512i v_0xFF = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xff);
-  __m512i shufmask = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60,
-      56, 52, 48, 44, 40, 36, 32, 28, 24, 20, 16, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)buf);
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output,
-                     _mm512_castsi512_si128(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-    latin1_output += 16;
-    buf += 16;
-  }
-  if (buf < end) {
-    uint16_t mask = uint16_t((1 << (end - buf)) - 1);
-    __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi32(mask, buf);
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    _mm_mask_storeu_epi8(
-        latin1_output, mask,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si128(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-  }
-  return len;
-}
-
-std::pair<result, char *>
-icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                            char *latin1_output) {
-  const char32_t *end = buf + len;
-  const char32_t *start = buf;
-  __m512i v_0xFF = _mm512_set1_epi32(0xff);
-  __m512i shufmask = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60,
-      56, 52, 48, 44, 40, 36, 32, 28, 24, 20, 16, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)buf);
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      while (uint32_t(*buf) <= 0xff) {
-        *latin1_output++ = uint8_t(*buf++);
-      }
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start),
-                            latin1_output);
-    }
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output,
-                     _mm512_castsi512_si128(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-    latin1_output += 16;
-    buf += 16;
-  }
-  if (buf < end) {
-    uint16_t mask = uint16_t((1 << (end - buf)) - 1);
-    __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi32(mask, buf);
-    if (_mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(in, v_0xFF)) {
-      while (uint32_t(*buf) <= 0xff) {
-        *latin1_output++ = uint8_t(*buf++);
-      }
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start),
-                            latin1_output);
-    }
-    _mm_mask_storeu_epi8(
-        latin1_output, mask,
-        _mm512_castsi512_si128(_mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shufmask, in)));
-  }
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, len), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// Todo: currently, this is just the haswell code, optimize for icelake kernel.
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m256i v_7fffffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff);
-  __m256i running_max = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    __m256i nextin = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf+1);
-    running_max = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_max_epu32(in, running_max), nextin);
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m256i in_16 = _mm256_packus_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_7fffffff), _mm256_and_si256(nextin, v_7fffffff));
-    in_16 = _mm256_permute4x64_epi64(in_16, 0b11011000);
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine on 256 bits (haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in_16, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // 1. pack the bytes
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in_16),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in_16,1));
-      // 2. store (16 bytes)
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-      // 3. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-      const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in_16, 2);
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_003f);
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-      const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-      const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-      const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-      const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-      utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Must check for overflow in packing
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_or_si256(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_or_si256(forbidden_bytemask, _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                              0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-        1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-        2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-        3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-      // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-      /*if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 16;
-        continue;
-      }*/
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-      const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-      const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-      const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-      const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-      utf8_output += row2[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-      utf8_output += row3[0];
-      buf += 16;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word is larger than 0xFFFF <=> it will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // may require large, non-trivial tables?
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {  // 1-byte (ASCII)
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) { // 2-byte
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000 )==0) {  // 3-byte
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {  // 4-byte
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  const __m256i v_10ffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-  if(static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_max_epu32(running_max, v_10ffff), v_10ffff))) != 0xffffffff) {
-    return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf8_output);
-}
-
-// Todo: currently, this is just the haswell code, optimize for icelake kernel.
-std::pair<result, char*> avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m256i v_7fffffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff);
-  const __m256i v_10ffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    __m256i nextin = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf+1);
-    // Check for too large input
-    const __m256i max_input = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_max_epu32(in, nextin), v_10ffff);
-    if(static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_cmpeq_epi32(max_input, v_10ffff))) != 0xffffffff) {
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-    }
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m256i in_16 = _mm256_packus_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_7fffffff), _mm256_and_si256(nextin, v_7fffffff));
-    in_16 = _mm256_permute4x64_epi64(in_16, 0b11011000);
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine on 256 bits (haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in_16, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // 1. pack the bytes
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in_16),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in_16,1));
-      // 2. store (16 bytes)
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-      // 3. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-      const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in_16, 2);
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_003f);
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-      const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-      const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-      const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-      const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-      utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Must check for overflow in packing
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_or_si256(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-
-      // Check for illegal surrogate code units
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0x0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-      }
-
-      const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                              0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-        1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-        2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-        3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-      // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-      /*if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 16;
-        continue;
-      }*/
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-      const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-      const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-      const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-      const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-      utf8_output += row2[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-      utf8_output += row3[0];
-      buf += 16;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word is larger than 0xFFFF <=> it will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // may require large, non-trivial tables?
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {  // 1-byte (ASCII)
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) { // 2-byte
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000 )==0) {  // 3-byte
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {  // 4-byte
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_utf16.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-// Todo: currently, this is just the haswell code, optimize for icelake kernel.
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-  __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-
-  while (buf + 8 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-
-    const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-
-    // no bits set above 16th bit <=> can pack to UTF16 without surrogate pairs
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xf800);
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_or_si256(forbidden_bytemask, _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf16_output);
-}
-
-// Todo: currently, this is just the haswell code, optimize for icelake kernel.
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char16_t*> avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 8 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-
-    const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-
-    // no bits set above 16th bit <=> can pack to UTF16 without surrogate pairs
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xf800);
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xd800);
-      const __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0x0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf16_output);
-      }
-
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf16_output);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_utf32_to_utf16.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_ascii_validation.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-bool validate_ascii(const char* buf, size_t len) {
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  const __m512i ascii = _mm512_set1_epi8((uint8_t)0x80);
-  __m512i running_or = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-  for (; buf + 64 <= end; buf += 64) {
-    const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)buf);
-    running_or = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(running_or, utf8, ascii, 0xf8); // running_or | (utf8 & ascii)
-  }
-  if(buf < end) {
-     const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((uint64_t(1) << (end-buf)) - 1,(const __m512i*)buf);
-    running_or = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(running_or, utf8, ascii, 0xf8); // running_or | (utf8 & ascii)
-  }
-  return (_mm512_test_epi8_mask(running_or, running_or) == 0);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_ascii_validation.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_utf32_validation.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-const char32_t* validate_utf32(const char32_t* buf, size_t len) {
-    const char32_t* end = len >= 16 ? buf + len - 16 : nullptr;
-
-    const __m512i offset = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff2000);
-    __m512i currentmax = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-    __m512i currentoffsetmax = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-
-    while (buf <= end) {
-      __m512i utf32 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)buf);
-      buf += 16;
-      currentoffsetmax = _mm512_max_epu32(_mm512_add_epi32(utf32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-      currentmax = _mm512_max_epu32(utf32, currentmax);
-    }
-
-    const __m512i standardmax = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-    const __m512i standardoffsetmax = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xfffff7ff);
-    __m512i is_zero = _mm512_xor_si512(_mm512_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-    if (_mm512_test_epi8_mask(is_zero, is_zero) != 0) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-    is_zero = _mm512_xor_si512(_mm512_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-    if (_mm512_test_epi8_mask(is_zero, is_zero) != 0) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return buf;
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_utf32_validation.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-
-static inline size_t latin1_to_utf8_avx512_vec(__m512i input, size_t input_len, char *utf8_output, int mask_output) {
-  __mmask64 nonascii = _mm512_movepi8_mask(input);
-  size_t output_size = input_len + (size_t)count_ones(nonascii);
-
-  // Mask to denote whether the byte is a leading byte that is not ascii
-  __mmask64 sixth =
-      _mm512_cmpge_epu8_mask(input, _mm512_set1_epi8(-64)); //binary representation of -64: 1100 0000
-
-  const uint64_t alternate_bits = UINT64_C(0x5555555555555555);
-  uint64_t ascii = ~nonascii;
-  // the bits in ascii are inverted and zeros are interspersed in between them
-  uint64_t maskA = ~_pdep_u64(ascii, alternate_bits);
-  uint64_t maskB = ~_pdep_u64(ascii>>32, alternate_bits);
-
-  // interleave bytes from top and bottom halves (abcd...ABCD -> aAbBcCdD)
-  __m512i input_interleaved = _mm512_permutexvar_epi8(_mm512_set_epi32(
-    0x3f1f3e1e, 0x3d1d3c1c, 0x3b1b3a1a, 0x39193818,
-    0x37173616, 0x35153414, 0x33133212, 0x31113010,
-    0x2f0f2e0e, 0x2d0d2c0c, 0x2b0b2a0a, 0x29092808,
-    0x27072606, 0x25052404, 0x23032202, 0x21012000
-  ), input);
-
-  // double size of each byte, and insert the leading byte 1100 0010
-
-/*
-upscale the bytes to 16-bit value, adding the 0b11000000 leading byte in the process.
-We adjust for the bytes that have their two most significant bits. This takes care of the first 32 bytes, assuming we interleaved the bytes. */
-  __m512i outputA = _mm512_shldi_epi16(input_interleaved, _mm512_set1_epi8(-62), 8);
-  outputA = _mm512_mask_add_epi16(
-                                  outputA,
-                                 (__mmask32)sixth,
-                                  outputA,
-                                  _mm512_set1_epi16(1 - 0x4000)); // 1- 0x4000 = 1100 0000 0000 0001????
-
-  // in the second 32-bit half, set first or second option based on whether original input is leading byte (second case) or not (first case)
-  __m512i leadingB = _mm512_mask_blend_epi16(
-                                              (__mmask32)(sixth>>32),
-                                              _mm512_set1_epi16(0x00c2), // 0000 0000 1101 0010
-                                              _mm512_set1_epi16(0x40c3));// 0100 0000 1100 0011
-  __m512i outputB = _mm512_ternarylogic_epi32(
-                                              input_interleaved,
-                                              leadingB,
-                                              _mm512_set1_epi16((short)0xff00),
-                                              (240 & 170) ^ 204); // (input_interleaved & 0xff00) ^ leadingB
-
-  // prune redundant bytes
-  outputA = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(maskA, outputA);
-  outputB = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(maskB, outputB);
-
-
-  size_t output_sizeA = (size_t)count_ones((uint32_t)nonascii) + 32;
-
-  if(mask_output) {
-    if(input_len > 32) { // is the second half of the input vector used?
-      __mmask64 write_mask = _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)output_sizeA);
-      _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(utf8_output, write_mask, outputA);
-      utf8_output += output_sizeA;
-      write_mask = _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)(output_size - output_sizeA));
-      _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(utf8_output, write_mask, outputB);
-    } else {
-      __mmask64 write_mask = _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)output_size);
-      _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(utf8_output, write_mask, outputA);
-    }
-  } else {
-    _mm512_storeu_si512(utf8_output, outputA);
-    utf8_output += output_sizeA;
-    _mm512_storeu_si512(utf8_output, outputB);
-  }
-  return output_size;
-}
-
-static inline size_t latin1_to_utf8_avx512_branch(__m512i input, char *utf8_output) {
-  __mmask64 nonascii = _mm512_movepi8_mask(input);
-  if(nonascii) {
-    return latin1_to_utf8_avx512_vec(input, 64, utf8_output, 0);
-  } else {
-    _mm512_storeu_si512(utf8_output, input);
-    return 64;
-  }
-}
-
-size_t latin1_to_utf8_avx512_start(const char *buf, size_t len, char *utf8_output) {
-  char *start = utf8_output;
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  // if there's at least 128 bytes remaining, we don't need to mask the output
-  for (; pos + 128 <= len; pos += 64) {
-    __m512i input = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)(buf + pos));
-    utf8_output += latin1_to_utf8_avx512_branch(input, utf8_output);
-  }
-  // in the last 128 bytes, the first 64 may require masking the output
-  if (pos + 64 <= len) {
-    __m512i input = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)(buf + pos));
-    utf8_output += latin1_to_utf8_avx512_vec(input, 64, utf8_output, 1);
-    pos += 64;
-  }
-  // with the last 64 bytes, the input also needs to be masked
-  if (pos < len) {
-    __mmask64 load_mask = _bzhi_u64(~0ULL, (unsigned int)(len - pos));
-    __m512i input = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(load_mask, (__m512i *)(buf + pos));
-    utf8_output += latin1_to_utf8_avx512_vec(input, len - pos, utf8_output, 1);
-  }
-  return (size_t)(utf8_output - start);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf8.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf16.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char *latin1_input, size_t len,
-                                       char16_t *utf16_output) {
-  size_t rounded_len = len & ~0x1F; // Round down to nearest multiple of 32
-
-  __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-                                       0x0607040502030001, 0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 32) {
-    // Load 32 Latin1 characters into a 256-bit register
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)&latin1_input[i]);
-    // Zero extend each set of 8 Latin1 characters to 32 16-bit integers
-    __m512i out = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(in);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      out = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(out, byteflip);
-    }
-    // Store the results back to memory
-    _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i *)&utf16_output[i], out);
-  }
-  if (rounded_len != len) {
-    uint32_t mask = uint32_t(1 << (len - rounded_len)) - 1;
-    __m256i in = _mm256_maskz_loadu_epi8(mask, latin1_input + rounded_len);
-
-    // Zero extend each set of 8 Latin1 characters to 32 16-bit integers
-    __m512i out = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi16(in);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      out = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(out, byteflip);
-    }
-    // Store the results back to memory
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(utf16_output + rounded_len, mask, out);
-  }
-
-  return len;
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf16.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf32.inl.cpp */
-std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> avx512_convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-    size_t rounded_len = len & ~0xF;  // Round down to nearest multiple of 16
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-        // Load 16 Latin1 characters into a 128-bit register
-        __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)&buf[i]);
-
-        // Zero extend each set of 8 Latin1 characters to 16 32-bit integers using vpmovzxbd
-        __m512i out = _mm512_cvtepu8_epi32(in);
-
-        // Store the results back to memory
-        _mm512_storeu_si512((__m512i*)&utf32_output[i], out);
-    }
-
-    // Return pointers pointing to where we left off
-    return std::make_pair(buf + rounded_len, utf32_output + rounded_len);
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf32.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/icelake/icelake_base64.inl.cpp */
-// file included directly
-/**
- * References and further reading:
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Base64 encoding and decoding at almost the
- * speed of a memory copy, Software: Practice and Experience 50 (2), 2020.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05109
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Faster Base64 Encoding and Decoding using AVX2
- * Instructions, ACM Transactions on the Web 12 (3), 2018.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00605
- *
- * Simon Josefsson. 2006. The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings.
- * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648. (2006). Internet Engineering Task Force,
- * Request for Comments: 4648.
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014a. Fast Base64 encoding/decoding with SSE vectorization.
- * http://www.alfredklomp.com/programming/sse-base64/. (2014).
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014b. Fast Base64 stream encoder/decoder in C99, with SIMD
- * acceleration. https://github.com/aklomp/base64. (2014).
- *
- * Hanson Char. 2014. A Fast and Correct Base 64 Codec. (2014).
- * https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/a-fast-and-correct-base-64-codec/
- *
- * Nick Kopp. 2013. Base64 Encoding on a GPU.
- * https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/276993/Base-Encoding-on-a-GPU. (2013).
- */
-
-struct block64 {
-  __m512i chunks[1];
-};
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-size_t encode_base64(char *dst, const char *src, size_t srclen,
-                     base64_options options) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  const uint8_t *input = (const uint8_t *)src;
-
-  uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)dst;
-  static const char *lookup_tbl =
-      base64_url
-          ? "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
-          : "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
-
-  const __m512i shuffle_input = _mm512_setr_epi32(
-      0x01020001, 0x04050304, 0x07080607, 0x0a0b090a, 0x0d0e0c0d, 0x10110f10,
-      0x13141213, 0x16171516, 0x191a1819, 0x1c1d1b1c, 0x1f201e1f, 0x22232122,
-      0x25262425, 0x28292728, 0x2b2c2a2b, 0x2e2f2d2e);
-  const __m512i lookup =
-      _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(lookup_tbl));
-  const __m512i multi_shifts = _mm512_set1_epi64(UINT64_C(0x3036242a1016040a));
-  size_t i = 0;
-  for (; i + 64 <= srclen; i += 48) {
-    const __m512i v =
-        _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(input + i));
-    const __m512i in = _mm512_permutexvar_epi8(shuffle_input, v);
-    const __m512i indices = _mm512_multishift_epi64_epi8(multi_shifts, in);
-    const __m512i result = _mm512_permutexvar_epi8(indices, lookup);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512(reinterpret_cast<__m512i *>(out), result);
-    out += 64;
-  }
-  return i / 3 * 4 + scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64((char *)out, src + i,
-                                                        srclen - i, options);
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-static inline uint64_t to_base64_mask(block64 *b, bool *error) {
-  __m512i input = b->chunks[0];
-  const __m512i ascii_space_tbl = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 13, 12, 0, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 13, 12, 0, 10, 9,
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 0, 0, 13, 12, 0, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-      32, 0, 0, 13, 12, 0, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32);
-  __m512i lookup0;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lookup0 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53,
-        52, -128, -128, 62, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128,
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -1, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128,
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -1,
-        -128, -128, -1, -1, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -1);
-  } else {
-    lookup0 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53,
-        52, 63, -128, -128, -128, 62, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128,
-        -128, -128, -128, -1, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128,
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -1, -128,
-        -128, -1, -1, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, -128);
-  }
-  __m512i lookup1;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    lookup1 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42,
-        41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, -128,
-        63, -128, -128, -128, -128, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15,
-        14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -128);
-  } else {
-    lookup1 = _mm512_set_epi8(
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42,
-        41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, -128,
-        -128, -128, -128, -128, -128, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16,
-        15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -128);
-  }
-
-  const __m512i translated = _mm512_permutex2var_epi8(lookup0, input, lookup1);
-  const __m512i combined = _mm512_or_si512(translated, input);
-  const __mmask64 mask = _mm512_movepi8_mask(combined);
-  if (mask) {
-    const __mmask64 spaces = _mm512_cmpeq_epi8_mask(
-        _mm512_shuffle_epi8(ascii_space_tbl, input), input);
-    *error |= (mask != spaces);
-  }
-  b->chunks[0] = translated;
-
-  return mask;
-}
-
-static inline void copy_block(block64 *b, char *output) {
-  _mm512_storeu_si512(reinterpret_cast<__m512i *>(output), b->chunks[0]);
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t compress_block(block64 *b, uint64_t mask, char *output) {
-  uint64_t nmask = ~mask;
-  __m512i c = _mm512_maskz_compress_epi8(nmask, b->chunks[0]);
-  _mm512_storeu_si512(reinterpret_cast<__m512i *>(output), c);
-  return _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask);
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 64 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char *src) {
-  b->chunks[0] = _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(src));
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 128 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char16_t *src) {
-  __m512i m1 = _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(src));
-  __m512i m2 = _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(src + 32));
-  __m512i p = _mm512_packus_epi16(m1, m2);
-  b->chunks[0] =
-      _mm512_permutexvar_epi64(_mm512_setr_epi64(0, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7), p);
-}
-
-static inline void base64_decode(char *out, __m512i str) {
-  const __m512i merge_ab_and_bc =
-      _mm512_maddubs_epi16(str, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x01400140));
-  const __m512i merged =
-      _mm512_madd_epi16(merge_ab_and_bc, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x00011000));
-  const __m512i pack = _mm512_set_epi8(
-      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60, 61, 62, 56, 57, 58,
-      52, 53, 54, 48, 49, 50, 44, 45, 46, 40, 41, 42, 36, 37, 38, 32, 33, 34,
-      28, 29, 30, 24, 25, 26, 20, 21, 22, 16, 17, 18, 12, 13, 14, 8, 9, 10, 4,
-      5, 6, 0, 1, 2);
-  const __m512i shuffled = _mm512_permutexvar_epi8(pack, merged);
-  _mm512_mask_storeu_epi8(
-      (__m512i *)out, 0xffffffffffff,
-      shuffled); // mask would be 0xffffffffffff since we write 48 bytes.
-}
-// decode 64 bytes and output 48 bytes
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, const char *src) {
-  base64_decode(out,
-                _mm512_loadu_si512(reinterpret_cast<const __m512i *>(src)));
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, block64 *b) {
-  base64_decode(out, b->chunks[0]);
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url, typename chartype>
-result compress_decode_base64(char *dst, const chartype *src, size_t srclen,
-                              base64_options options) {
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = base64_url ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value
-                                        : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-    srclen--;
-  }
-  if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-    srclen--;
-    equalsigns = 1;
-    // skip trailing spaces
-    while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-      srclen--;
-    }
-    if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-      srclen--;
-      equalsigns = 2;
-    }
-  }
-  const chartype *const srcinit = src;
-  const char *const dstinit = dst;
-  const chartype *const srcend = src + srclen;
-
-  // figure out why block_size == 2 is sometimes best???
-  constexpr size_t block_size = 6;
-  char buffer[block_size * 64];
-  char *bufferptr = buffer;
-  if (srclen >= 64) {
-    const chartype *const srcend64 = src + srclen - 64;
-    while (src <= srcend64) {
-      block64 b;
-      load_block(&b, src);
-      src += 64;
-      bool error = false;
-      uint64_t badcharmask = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b, &error);
-      if (error) {
-        src -= 64;
-        while (src < srcend && to_base64[uint8_t(*src)] <= 64) {
-          src++;
-        }
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      if (badcharmask != 0) {
-        // optimization opportunity: check for simple masks like those made of
-        // continuous 1s followed by continuous 0s. And masks containing a
-        // single bad character.
-        bufferptr += compress_block(&b, badcharmask, bufferptr);
-      } else if (bufferptr != buffer) {
-        copy_block(&b, bufferptr);
-        bufferptr += 64;
-      } else {
-        base64_decode_block(dst, &b);
-        dst += 48;
-      }
-      if (bufferptr >= (block_size - 1) * 64 + buffer) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < (block_size - 1); i++) {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + i * 64);
-          dst += 48;
-        }
-        std::memcpy(buffer, buffer + (block_size - 1) * 64,
-                    64); // 64 might be too much
-        bufferptr -= (block_size - 1) * 64;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  char *buffer_start = buffer;
-  // Optimization note: if this is almost full, then it is worth our
-  // time, otherwise, we should just decode directly.
-  int last_block = (int)((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64);
-  if (last_block != 0 && srcend - src + last_block >= 64) {
-
-    while ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0 && src < srcend) {
-      uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-      *bufferptr = char(val);
-      if (val > 64) {
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      bufferptr += (val <= 63);
-      src++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (; buffer_start + 64 <= bufferptr; buffer_start += 64) {
-    base64_decode_block(dst, buffer_start);
-    dst += 48;
-  }
-  if ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0) {
-    while (buffer_start + 4 < bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 4);
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    if (buffer_start + 4 <= bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    // we may have 1, 2 or 3 bytes left and we need to decode them so let us
-    // bring in src content
-    int leftover = int(bufferptr - buffer_start);
-    if (leftover > 0) {
-      while (leftover < 4 && src < srcend) {
-        uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-        if (val > 64) {
-          return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-        }
-        buffer_start[leftover] = char(val);
-        leftover += (val <= 63);
-        src++;
-      }
-
-      if (leftover == 1) {
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      if (leftover == 2) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        dst += 1;
-      } else if (leftover == 3) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        dst += 2;
-      } else {
-        uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                          << 8;
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-        dst += 3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (src < srcend + equalsigns) {
-    result r =
-        scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(dst, src, srcend - src, options);
-    if (r.error == error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) {
-      r.count += size_t(src - srcinit);
-      return r;
-    } else {
-      r.count += size_t(dst - dstinit);
-    }
-    if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-      // additional checks
-      if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-        r.error = error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER;
-      }
-    }
-    return r;
-  }
-  if(equalsigns > 0) {
-    if((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3 == 0) || ((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-  }
-  return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-}
-/* end file src/icelake/icelake_base64.inl.cpp */
-
-
-#include <cstdint>
-
-} // namespace
-} // namespace icelake
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace icelake {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int
-implementation::detect_encodings(const char *input,
-                                 size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  if (length % 2 == 0) {
-    const char *buf = input;
-
-    const char *start = buf;
-    const char *end = input + length;
-
-    bool is_utf8 = true;
-    bool is_utf16 = true;
-    bool is_utf32 = true;
-
-    int out = 0;
-
-    avx512_utf8_checker checker{};
-    __m512i currentmax = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-    while (buf + 64 <= end) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i *)buf);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates =
-          _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if (surrogates) {
-        is_utf8 = false;
-
-        // Can still be either UTF-16LE or UTF-32 depending on the positions
-        // of the surrogates To be valid UTF-32, a surrogate cannot be in the
-        // two most significant bytes of any 32-bit word. On the other hand, to
-        // be valid UTF-16LE, at least one surrogate must be in the two most
-        // significant bytes of a 32-bit word since they always come in pairs in
-        // UTF-16LE. Note that we always proceed in multiple of 4 before this
-        // point so there is no offset in 32-bit code units.
-
-        if ((surrogates & 0xaaaaaaaa) != 0) {
-          is_utf32 = false;
-          __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(
-              diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-          __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-          // high must be followed by low
-          if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-            return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-          }
-
-          bool ends_with_high = ((highsurrogates & 0x80000000) != 0);
-          if (ends_with_high) {
-            buf +=
-                31 *
-                sizeof(char16_t); // advance only by 31 code units so that we start
-                                  // with the high surrogate on the next round.
-          } else {
-            buf += 32 * sizeof(char16_t);
-          }
-          is_utf16 = validate_utf16le(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t *>(buf),
-                                      (end - buf) / sizeof(char16_t));
-          if (!is_utf16) {
-            return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-
-          } else {
-            return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-          }
-
-        } else {
-          is_utf16 = false;
-          // Check for UTF-32
-          if (length % 4 == 0) {
-            const char32_t *input32 = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t *>(buf);
-            const char32_t *end32 =
-                reinterpret_cast<const char32_t *>(start) + length / 4;
-            if (validate_utf32(input32, end32 - input32)) {
-              return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-            }
-          }
-          return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-        }
-      }
-      // If no surrogate, validate under other encodings as well
-
-      // UTF-32 validation
-      currentmax = _mm512_max_epu32(in, currentmax);
-
-      // UTF-8 validation
-      checker.check_next_input(in);
-
-      buf += 64;
-    }
-
-    // Check which encodings are possible
-
-    if (is_utf8) {
-      size_t current_length = static_cast<size_t>(buf - start);
-      if (current_length != length) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(
-            (1ULL << (length - current_length)) - 1, (const __m512i *)buf);
-        checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-      }
-      checker.check_eof();
-      if (!checker.errors()) {
-        out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf16 && scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                        reinterpret_cast<const char16_t *>(buf),
-                        (length - (buf - start)) / 2)) {
-      out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf32 && (length % 4 == 0)) {
-      currentmax = _mm512_max_epu32(
-          _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8(
-              (1ULL << (length - static_cast<size_t>(buf - start))) - 1,
-              (const __m512i *)buf),
-          currentmax);
-      __mmask16 outside_range = _mm512_cmp_epu32_mask(currentmax, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x10ffff),
-                                _MM_CMPINT_GT);
-      if (outside_range == 0) {
-        out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return out;
-  } else if (implementation::validate_utf8(input, length)) {
-    return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-  } else {
-    return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-    avx512_utf8_checker checker{};
-    const char* ptr = buf;
-    const char* end = ptr + len;
-    for (; ptr + 64 <= end; ptr += 64) {
-        const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-        checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-    }
-    {
-       const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((1ULL<<(end - ptr))-1, (const __m512i*)ptr);
-       checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-    }
-    checker.check_eof();
-    return ! checker.errors();
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-    avx512_utf8_checker checker{};
-    const char* ptr = buf;
-    const char* end = ptr + len;
-    size_t count{0};
-    for (; ptr + 64 <= end; ptr += 64) {
-      const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-      checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-      if(checker.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf + count), len - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      }
-      count += 64;
-    }
-    {
-      const __m512i utf8 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((1ULL<<(end - ptr))-1, (const __m512i*)ptr);
-      checker.check_next_input(utf8);
-      if(checker.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf + count), len - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      } else {
-        return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-      }
-    }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return icelake::validate_ascii(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char* buf_orig = buf;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  const __m512i ascii = _mm512_set1_epi8((uint8_t)0x80);
-  for (; buf + 64 <= end; buf += 64) {
-    const __m512i input = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)buf);
-    __mmask64 notascii = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(input, ascii, _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-    if(notascii) {
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u64(notascii));
-    }
-  }
-  {
-    const __m512i input = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi8((1ULL<<(end - buf))-1, (const __m512i*)buf);
-    __mmask64 notascii = _mm512_cmp_epu8_mask(input, ascii, _MM_CMPINT_NLT);
-    if(notascii) {
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u64(notascii));
-    }
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-    const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-
-    for(;buf + 32 <= end; ) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)buf);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-           return false;
-        }
-        bool ends_with_high = ((highsurrogates & 0x80000000) != 0);
-        if(ends_with_high) {
-          buf += 31; // advance only by 31 code units so that we start with the high surrogate on the next round.
-        } else {
-          buf += 32;
-        }
-      } else {
-        buf += 32;
-      }
-    }
-    if(buf < end) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16((1<<(end-buf))-1,(__m512i*)buf);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-           return false;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-   const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-   const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    for(;buf + 32 <= end; ) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)buf), byteflip);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-           return false;
-        }
-        bool ends_with_high = ((highsurrogates & 0x80000000) != 0);
-        if(ends_with_high) {
-          buf += 31; // advance only by 31 code units so that we start with the high surrogate on the next round.
-        } else {
-          buf += 32;
-        }
-      } else {
-        buf += 32;
-      }
-    }
-    if(buf < end) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16((1<<(end-buf))-1,(__m512i*)buf), byteflip);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-           return false;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-    const char16_t *start_buf = buf;
-    const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-    for(;buf + 32 <= end; ) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)buf);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-          uint32_t extra_low = _tzcnt_u32(lowsurrogates &~(highsurrogates << 1));
-          uint32_t extra_high = _tzcnt_u32(highsurrogates &~(lowsurrogates >> 1));
-          return result(error_code::SURROGATE, (buf - start_buf) + (extra_low < extra_high ? extra_low : extra_high));
-        }
-        bool ends_with_high = ((highsurrogates & 0x80000000) != 0);
-        if(ends_with_high) {
-          buf += 31; // advance only by 31 code units so that we start with the high surrogate on the next round.
-        } else {
-          buf += 32;
-        }
-      } else {
-        buf += 32;
-      }
-    }
-    if(buf < end) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16((1<<(end-buf))-1,(__m512i*)buf);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-          uint32_t extra_low = _tzcnt_u32(lowsurrogates &~(highsurrogates << 1));
-          uint32_t extra_high = _tzcnt_u32(highsurrogates &~(lowsurrogates >> 1));
-          return result(error_code::SURROGATE, (buf - start_buf) + (extra_low < extra_high ? extra_low : extra_high));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-    const char16_t *start_buf = buf;
-    const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-    const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-    for(;buf + 32 <= end; ) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)buf), byteflip);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-          uint32_t extra_low = _tzcnt_u32(lowsurrogates &~(highsurrogates << 1));
-          uint32_t extra_high = _tzcnt_u32(highsurrogates &~(lowsurrogates >> 1));
-          return result(error_code::SURROGATE, (buf - start_buf) + (extra_low < extra_high ? extra_low : extra_high));
-        }
-        bool ends_with_high = ((highsurrogates & 0x80000000) != 0);
-        if(ends_with_high) {
-          buf += 31; // advance only by 31 code units so that we start with the high surrogate on the next round.
-        } else {
-          buf += 32;
-        }
-      } else {
-        buf += 32;
-      }
-    }
-    if(buf < end) {
-      __m512i in = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16((1<<(end-buf))-1,(__m512i*)buf), byteflip);
-      __m512i diff = _mm512_sub_epi16(in, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0xD800)));
-      __mmask32 surrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0800)));
-      if(surrogates) {
-        __mmask32 highsurrogates = _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(diff, _mm512_set1_epi16(uint16_t(0x0400)));
-        __mmask32 lowsurrogates = surrogates ^ highsurrogates;
-        // high must be followed by low
-        if ((highsurrogates << 1) != lowsurrogates) {
-          uint32_t extra_low = _tzcnt_u32(lowsurrogates &~(highsurrogates << 1));
-          uint32_t extra_high = _tzcnt_u32(highsurrogates &~(lowsurrogates >> 1));
-          return result(error_code::SURROGATE, (buf - start_buf) + (extra_low < extra_high ? extra_low : extra_high));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t * tail = icelake::validate_utf32(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf32::validate(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-
-    const char32_t* end = len >= 16 ? buf + len - 16 : nullptr;
-    const char32_t* buf_orig = buf;
-    while (buf <= end) {
-      __m512i utf32 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)buf);
-      __mmask16 outside_range = _mm512_cmp_epu32_mask(utf32, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x10ffff),
-                                _MM_CMPINT_GT);
-      if (outside_range) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u32(outside_range));
-      }
-
-      __m512i utf32_off = _mm512_add_epi32(utf32, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffff2000));
-
-      __mmask16 surrogate_range = _mm512_cmp_epu32_mask(utf32_off, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff),
-                                _MM_CMPINT_GT);
-      if (surrogate_range) {
-        return result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u32(surrogate_range));
-      }
-      buf += 16;
-    }
-    if(buf < buf_orig + len) {
-      __m512i utf32 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi32(__mmask16((1<<(buf_orig + len - buf))-1),(const __m512i*)buf);
-      __mmask16 outside_range = _mm512_cmp_epu32_mask(utf32, _mm512_set1_epi32(0x10ffff),
-                                _MM_CMPINT_GT);
-      if (outside_range) {
-        return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u32(outside_range));
-      }
-      __m512i utf32_off = _mm512_add_epi32(utf32, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xffff2000));
-
-      __mmask16 surrogate_range = _mm512_cmp_epu32_mask(utf32_off, _mm512_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff),
-                                _MM_CMPINT_GT);
-      if (surrogate_range) {
-        return result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - buf_orig + _tzcnt_u32(surrogate_range));
-      }
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake::latin1_to_utf8_avx512_start(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> ret = avx512_convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf32_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf32::convert(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake::utf8_to_latin1_avx512(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // Initialize output length and input length counters
-  size_t inlen = 0;
-
-  // First, try to convert as much as possible using the SIMD implementation.
-  inlen = icelake::utf8_to_latin1_avx512(buf, len, latin1_output);
-
-  // If we have completely converted the string
-  if(inlen == len) {
-    return {simdutf::SUCCESS, len};
-  }
-
-  // Else if there are remaining bytes, use the scalar function to process them.
-  // Note: This is assuming scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_with_errors is a function that takes
-  // the input buffer, length, and output buffer, and returns a result object with an error code
-  // and the number of characters processed.
-  result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(buf + inlen, len - inlen, latin1_output + inlen);
-  res.count += inlen; // Add the number of characters processed by the SIMD implementation
-
-  return res;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake::valid_utf8_to_latin1_avx512(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16_result ret = fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.second == nullptr) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return ret.second - utf16_output;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16_result ret = fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.second == nullptr) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return ret.second - utf16_output;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-   return fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-   return fast_avx512_convert_utf8_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16_result ret = icelake::valid_utf8_to_fixed_length<endianness::LITTLE, char16_t>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  if (ret.first == end) {
-    return saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  // Note: AVX512 procedure looks up 4 bytes forward, and
-  //       correctly converts multi-byte chars even if their
-  //       continuation bytes lie outsiede 16-byte window.
-  //       It meas, we have to skip continuation bytes from
-  //       the beginning ret.first, as they were already consumed.
-  while (ret.first != end && ((uint8_t(*ret.first) & 0xc0) == 0x80)) {
-      ret.first += 1;
-  }
-
-  if (ret.first != end) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16_result ret = icelake::valid_utf8_to_fixed_length<endianness::BIG, char16_t>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  if (ret.first == end) {
-    return saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  // Note: AVX512 procedure looks up 4 bytes forward, and
-  //       correctly converts multi-byte chars even if their
-  //       continuation bytes lie outsiede 16-byte window.
-  //       It meas, we have to skip continuation bytes from
-  //       the beginning ret.first, as they were already consumed.
-  while (ret.first != end && ((uint8_t(*ret.first) & 0xc0) == 0x80)) {
-      ret.first += 1;
-  }
-
-  if (ret.first != end) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_out) const noexcept {
-  uint32_t * utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_out);
-  utf8_to_utf32_result ret = icelake::validating_utf8_to_fixed_length<endianness::LITTLE, uint32_t>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.second == nullptr)
-    return 0;
-
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  if (ret.first == end) {
-    return saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  // Note: the AVX512 procedure looks up 4 bytes forward, and
-  //       correctly converts multi-byte chars even if their
-  //       continuation bytes lie outside 16-byte window.
-  //       It means, we have to skip continuation bytes from
-  //       the beginning ret.first, as they were already consumed.
-  while (ret.first != end and ((uint8_t(*ret.first) & 0xc0) == 0x80)) {
-      ret.first += 1;
-  }
-
-  if (ret.first != end) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), utf32_out + saved_bytes);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32) const noexcept {
-  uint32_t * utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32);
-  auto ret = icelake::validating_utf8_to_fixed_length_with_constant_checks<endianness::LITTLE, uint32_t>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) {
-    auto new_buf = std::get<0>(ret);
-    // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from new_buf onward,
-    // with the ability to go back up to new_buf - buf bytes, and read len - (new_buf - buf) bytes forward.
-    result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(new_buf - buf, new_buf, len - (new_buf - buf), reinterpret_cast<char32_t *>(std::get<1>(ret)));
-    res.count += (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-    return res;
-  }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) == end) {
-    return {simdutf::SUCCESS, saved_bytes};
-  }
-
-  // Note: the AVX512 procedure looks up 4 bytes forward, and
-  //       correctly converts multi-byte chars even if their
-  //       continuation bytes lie outside 16-byte window.
-  //       It means, we have to skip continuation bytes from
-  //       the beginning ret.first, as they were already consumed.
-  while (std::get<0>(ret) != end and ((uint8_t(*std::get<0>(ret)) & 0xc0) == 0x80)) {
-      std::get<0>(ret) += 1;
-  }
-
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != end) {
-    auto scalar_result = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_with_errors(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), reinterpret_cast<char32_t *>(utf32_output) + saved_bytes);
-    if (scalar_result.error != simdutf::SUCCESS) {
-      scalar_result.count +=  (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-    } else {
-      scalar_result.count += saved_bytes;
-    }
-    return scalar_result;
-  }
-
-  return {simdutf::SUCCESS, size_t(std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output)};
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_out) const noexcept {
-  uint32_t * utf32_output = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(utf32_out);
-  utf8_to_utf32_result ret = icelake::valid_utf8_to_fixed_length<endianness::LITTLE, uint32_t>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  const char* end = buf + len;
-  if (ret.first == end) {
-    return saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  // Note: AVX512 procedure looks up 4 bytes forward, and
-  //       correctly converts multi-byte chars even if their
-  //       continuation bytes lie outsiede 16-byte window.
-  //       It meas, we have to skip continuation bytes from
-  //       the beginning ret.first, as they were already consumed.
-  while (ret.first != end && ((uint8_t(*ret.first) & 0xc0) == 0x80)) {
-      ret.first += 1;
-  }
-
-  if (ret.first != end) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), utf32_out + saved_bytes);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::LITTLE>(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::BIG>(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf,len,latin1_output).first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf,len,latin1_output).first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement custom function
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement custom function
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  size_t outlen;
-  size_t inlen = utf16_to_utf8_avx512i<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, (unsigned char*)utf8_output, &outlen);
-  if(inlen != len) { return 0; }
-  return outlen;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  size_t outlen;
-  size_t inlen = utf16_to_utf8_avx512i<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, (unsigned char*)utf8_output, &outlen);
-  if(inlen != len) { return 0; }
-  return outlen;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  size_t outlen;
-  size_t inlen = utf16_to_utf8_avx512i<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, (unsigned char*)utf8_output, &outlen);
-  if(inlen != len) {
-    result res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf + inlen, len - outlen, utf8_output + outlen);
-    res.count += inlen;
-    return res;
-  }
-  return {simdutf::SUCCESS, outlen};
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  size_t outlen;
-  size_t inlen = utf16_to_utf8_avx512i<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, (unsigned char*)utf8_output, &outlen);
-  if(inlen != len) {
-    result res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf + inlen, len - outlen, utf8_output + outlen);
-    res.count += inlen;
-    return res;
-  }
-  return {simdutf::SUCCESS, outlen};
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(buf,len,latin1_output).first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return icelake_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = icelake::avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = avx512_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    scalar_res.count += (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-    return scalar_res;
-  }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      scalar_res.count += saved_bytes;
-      return scalar_res;
-    }
-  }
-  return simdutf::result(simdutf::SUCCESS, saved_bytes);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    scalar_res.count += (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-    return scalar_res;
-  }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += (std::get<0>(ret) - buf);
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      scalar_res.count += saved_bytes;
-      return scalar_res;
-    }
-  }
-  return simdutf::result(simdutf::SUCCESS, saved_bytes);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::tuple<const char16_t*, char32_t*, bool> ret = icelake::convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (!std::get<2>(ret)) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = std::get<1>(ret) - utf32_output;
-  if (std::get<0>(ret) != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        std::get<0>(ret), len - (std::get<0>(ret) - buf), std::get<1>(ret));
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  while (pos + 32 <= length) {
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)(input + pos));
-    utf16 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(utf16, byteflip);
-    _mm512_storeu_si512(output + pos, utf16);
-    pos += 32;
-  }
-  if(pos < length) {
-    __mmask32 m((1<< (length - pos))-1);
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_maskz_loadu_epi16(m, (const __m512i*)(input + pos));
-    utf16 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(utf16, byteflip);
-    _mm512_mask_storeu_epi16(output + pos, m, utf16);
-  }
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* end = length >= 32 ? input + length - 32 : nullptr;
-  const char16_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i low = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdc00);
-  const __m512i high = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-    ptr += 32;
-    uint64_t not_high_surrogate = static_cast<uint64_t>(_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(utf16, high) | _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(utf16, low));
-    count += count_ones(not_high_surrogate);
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* end = length >= 32 ? input + length - 32 : nullptr;
-  const char16_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i low = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdc00);
-  const __m512i high = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-  const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(_mm512_loadu_si512((__m512i*)ptr), byteflip);
-    ptr += 32;
-    uint64_t not_high_surrogate = static_cast<uint64_t>(_mm512_cmpgt_epu16_mask(utf16, high) | _mm512_cmplt_epu16_mask(utf16, low));
-    count += count_ones(not_high_surrogate);
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *str = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input);
-  size_t answer =  length / sizeof(__m512i) * sizeof(__m512i); // Number of 512-bit chunks that fits into the length.
-  size_t i = 0;
-  __m512i unrolled_popcount{0};
-
-  const __m512i continuation = _mm512_set1_epi8(char(0b10111111));
-
-  while (i + sizeof(__m512i) <= length) {
-    size_t iterations = (length - i) / sizeof(__m512i);
-
-    size_t max_i = i + iterations * sizeof(__m512i) - sizeof(__m512i);
-    for (; i + 8*sizeof(__m512i) <= max_i; i += 8*sizeof(__m512i)) {
-        __m512i input1 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i));
-        __m512i input2 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input3 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 2*sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input4 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 3*sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input5 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 4*sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input6 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 5*sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input7 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 6*sizeof(__m512i)));
-        __m512i input8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 7*sizeof(__m512i)));
-
-
-        __mmask64 mask1 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input1, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask2 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input2, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask3 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input3, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask4 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input4, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask5 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input5, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask6 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input6, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask7 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input7, continuation);
-        __mmask64 mask8 = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(input8, continuation);
-
-        __m512i mask_register = _mm512_set_epi64(mask8, mask7, mask6, mask5, mask4, mask3, mask2, mask1);
-
-
-        unrolled_popcount = _mm512_add_epi64(unrolled_popcount, _mm512_popcnt_epi64(mask_register));
-    }
-
-    for (; i <= max_i; i += sizeof(__m512i)) {
-      __m512i more_input = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i));
-      uint64_t continuation_bitmask = static_cast<uint64_t>(_mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(more_input, continuation));
-      answer -= count_ones(continuation_bitmask);
-    }
-  }
-
-  __m256i first_half = _mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(unrolled_popcount, 0);
-  __m256i second_half = _mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(unrolled_popcount, 1);
-  answer -= (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 0) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 1) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 2) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 3) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 0) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 1) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 2) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 3);
-
-  return answer + scalar::utf8::count_code_points(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(str + i), length - i);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return count_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::latin1_length_from_utf16(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::latin1_length_from_utf32(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* end = length >= 32 ? input + length - 32 : nullptr;
-  const char16_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i v_007f = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0x007f);
-  const __m512i v_07ff = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0x07ff);
-  const __m512i v_dfff = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-  const __m512i v_d800 = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-    ptr += 32;
-    __mmask32 ascii_bitmask = _mm512_cmple_epu16_mask(utf16, v_007f);
-    __mmask32 two_bytes_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu16_mask(~ascii_bitmask, utf16, v_07ff);
-    __mmask32 not_one_two_bytes = ~(ascii_bitmask | two_bytes_bitmask);
-    __mmask32 surrogates_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu16_mask(not_one_two_bytes, utf16, v_dfff) & _mm512_mask_cmpge_epu16_mask(not_one_two_bytes, utf16, v_d800);
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_bitmask);
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(two_bytes_bitmask);
-    size_t surrogate_bytes_count = count_ones(surrogates_bitmask);
-    size_t three_bytes_count = 32 - ascii_count - two_bytes_count - surrogate_bytes_count;
-
-    count += ascii_count + 2*two_bytes_count + 3*three_bytes_count + 2*surrogate_bytes_count;
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* end = length >= 32 ? input + length - 32 : nullptr;
-  const char16_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i v_007f = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0x007f);
-  const __m512i v_07ff = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0x07ff);
-  const __m512i v_dfff = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xdfff);
-  const __m512i v_d800 = _mm512_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-  const __m512i byteflip = _mm512_setr_epi64(
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809,
-            0x0607040502030001,
-            0x0e0f0c0d0a0b0809
-        );
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf16 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-    utf16 = _mm512_shuffle_epi8(utf16, byteflip);
-    ptr += 32;
-    __mmask32 ascii_bitmask = _mm512_cmple_epu16_mask(utf16, v_007f);
-    __mmask32 two_bytes_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu16_mask(~ascii_bitmask, utf16, v_07ff);
-    __mmask32 not_one_two_bytes = ~(ascii_bitmask | two_bytes_bitmask);
-    __mmask32 surrogates_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu16_mask(not_one_two_bytes, utf16, v_dfff) & _mm512_mask_cmpge_epu16_mask(not_one_two_bytes, utf16, v_d800);
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_bitmask);
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(two_bytes_bitmask);
-    size_t surrogate_bytes_count = count_ones(surrogates_bitmask);
-    size_t three_bytes_count = 32 - ascii_count - two_bytes_count - surrogate_bytes_count;
-    count += ascii_count + 2*two_bytes_count + 3*three_bytes_count + 2*surrogate_bytes_count;
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return implementation::count_utf16le(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return implementation::count_utf16be(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf32_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *str = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input);
-  size_t answer = length / sizeof(__m512i) * sizeof(__m512i);
-  size_t i = 0;
-  unsigned char v_0xFF = 0xff;
-  __m512i eight_64bits = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-  while (i + sizeof(__m512i) <= length) {
-    __m512i runner = _mm512_setzero_si512();
-    size_t iterations = (length - i) / sizeof(__m512i);
-    if (iterations > 255) {
-      iterations = 255;
-    }
-    size_t max_i = i + iterations * sizeof(__m512i) - sizeof(__m512i);
-    for (; i + 4*sizeof(__m512i) <= max_i; i += 4*sizeof(__m512i)) {
-            // Load four __m512i vectors
-            __m512i input1 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i));
-            __m512i input2 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + sizeof(__m512i)));
-            __m512i input3 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 2*sizeof(__m512i)));
-            __m512i input4 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i + 3*sizeof(__m512i)));
-
-            // Generate four masks
-            __mmask64 mask1 = _mm512_cmpgt_epi8_mask(_mm512_setzero_si512(), input1);
-            __mmask64 mask2 = _mm512_cmpgt_epi8_mask(_mm512_setzero_si512(), input2);
-            __mmask64 mask3 = _mm512_cmpgt_epi8_mask(_mm512_setzero_si512(), input3);
-            __mmask64 mask4 = _mm512_cmpgt_epi8_mask(_mm512_setzero_si512(), input4);
-            // Apply the masks and subtract from the runner
-            __m512i not_ascii1 = _mm512_mask_set1_epi8(_mm512_setzero_si512(), mask1, v_0xFF);
-            __m512i not_ascii2 = _mm512_mask_set1_epi8(_mm512_setzero_si512(), mask2, v_0xFF);
-            __m512i not_ascii3 = _mm512_mask_set1_epi8(_mm512_setzero_si512(), mask3, v_0xFF);
-            __m512i not_ascii4 = _mm512_mask_set1_epi8(_mm512_setzero_si512(), mask4, v_0xFF);
-
-            runner = _mm512_sub_epi8(runner, not_ascii1);
-            runner = _mm512_sub_epi8(runner, not_ascii2);
-            runner = _mm512_sub_epi8(runner, not_ascii3);
-            runner = _mm512_sub_epi8(runner, not_ascii4);
-    }
-
-    for (; i <= max_i; i += sizeof(__m512i)) {
-      __m512i more_input = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i *)(str + i));
-
-      __mmask64 mask = _mm512_cmpgt_epi8_mask(_mm512_setzero_si512(), more_input);
-      __m512i not_ascii = _mm512_mask_set1_epi8(_mm512_setzero_si512(), mask, v_0xFF);
-      runner = _mm512_sub_epi8(runner, not_ascii);
-    }
-
-    eight_64bits = _mm512_add_epi64(eight_64bits, _mm512_sad_epu8(runner, _mm512_setzero_si512()));
-  }
-
-  __m256i first_half = _mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(eight_64bits, 0);
-  __m256i second_half = _mm512_extracti64x4_epi64(eight_64bits, 1);
-  answer += (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 0) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 1) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 2) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(first_half, 3) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 0) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 1) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 2) +
-            (size_t)_mm256_extract_epi64(second_half, 3);
-  return answer + scalar::latin1::utf8_length_from_latin1(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(str + i), length - i);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos + 64 <= length; pos += 64) {
-      __m512i utf8 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)(input+pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = _mm512_cmple_epi8_mask(utf8, _mm512_set1_epi8(-65+1));
-      // We count one word for anything that is not a continuation (so
-      // leading bytes).
-      count += 64 - count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-      uint64_t utf8_4byte = _mm512_cmpge_epu8_mask(utf8, _mm512_set1_epi8(int8_t(240)));
-      count += count_ones(utf8_4byte);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t* end = length >= 16 ? input + length - 16 : nullptr;
-  const char32_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i v_0000_007f = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7f);
-  const __m512i v_0000_07ff = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7ff);
-  const __m512i v_0000_ffff = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x0000ffff);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf32 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-    ptr += 16;
-    __mmask16 ascii_bitmask = _mm512_cmple_epu32_mask(utf32, v_0000_007f);
-    __mmask16 two_bytes_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu32_mask(_knot_mask16(ascii_bitmask), utf32, v_0000_07ff);
-    __mmask16 three_bytes_bitmask = _mm512_mask_cmple_epu32_mask(_knot_mask16(_mm512_kor(ascii_bitmask, two_bytes_bitmask)), utf32, v_0000_ffff);
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_bitmask);
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(two_bytes_bitmask);
-    size_t three_bytes_count = count_ones(three_bytes_bitmask);
-    size_t four_bytes_count = 16 - ascii_count - two_bytes_count - three_bytes_count;
-    count += ascii_count + 2*two_bytes_count + 3*three_bytes_count + 4*four_bytes_count;
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t* end = length >= 16 ? input + length - 16 : nullptr;
-  const char32_t* ptr = input;
-
-  const __m512i v_0000_ffff = _mm512_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x0000ffff);
-
-  size_t count{0};
-
-  while (ptr <= end) {
-    __m512i utf32 = _mm512_loadu_si512((const __m512i*)ptr);
-    ptr += 16;
-    __mmask16 surrogates_bitmask = _mm512_cmpgt_epu32_mask(utf32, v_0000_ffff);
-
-    count += 16 + count_ones(surrogates_bitmask);
-  }
-
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(ptr, length - (ptr - input));
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return implementation::count_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  if(options & base64_url) {
-    return encode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options);
-  } else {
-    return encode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-  }
-}
-
-} // namespace icelake
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/icelake/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_ICELAKE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/icelake/end.h */
-/* end file src/icelake/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_HASWELL
-/* begin file src/haswell/implementation.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "haswell"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION haswell
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_HASWELL
-#endif
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HASWELL_H
-#error "haswell.h must be included"
-#endif
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-  return input.reduce_or().is_ascii();
-}
-
-simdutf_unused simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev1, const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_second_byte = prev1.saturating_sub(0b11000000u-1); // Only 11______ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0b11100000u-1); // Only 111_____ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0b11110000u-1); // Only 1111____ will be > 0
-  // Caller requires a bool (all 1's). All values resulting from the subtraction will be <= 64, so signed comparison is fine.
-  return simd8<int8_t>(is_second_byte | is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte) > int8_t(0);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_2_3_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0xe0u-0x80); // Only 111_____ will be > 0x80
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0xf0u-0x80); // Only 1111____ will be > 0x80
-  return simd8<bool>(is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte);
-}
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_detect_encodings.cpp */
-template<class checker>
-// len is known to be a multiple of 2 when this is called
-int avx2_detect_encodings(const char * buf, size_t len) {
-    const char* start = buf;
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    bool is_utf8 = true;
-    bool is_utf16 = true;
-    bool is_utf32 = true;
-
-    int out = 0;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-
-    __m256i currentmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-    checker check{};
-
-    while(buf + 64 <= end) {
-        __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-        __m256i nextin = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf+1);
-
-        const auto u0 = simd16<uint16_t>(in);
-        const auto u1 = simd16<uint16_t>(nextin);
-
-        const auto v0 = u0.shr<8>();
-        const auto v1 = u1.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(v0, v1);
-
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask0 = (in16 & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        uint32_t surrogates_bitmask0 = surrogates_wordmask0.to_bitmask();
-
-        // Check for surrogates
-        if (surrogates_bitmask0 != 0x0) {
-            // Cannot be UTF8
-            is_utf8 = false;
-            // Can still be either UTF-16LE or UTF-32 depending on the positions of the surrogates
-            // To be valid UTF-32, a surrogate cannot be in the two most significant bytes of any 32-bit word.
-            // On the other hand, to be valid UTF-16LE, at least one surrogate must be in the two most significant
-            // bytes of a 32-bit word since they always come in pairs in UTF-16LE.
-            // Note that we always proceed in multiple of 4 before this point so there is no offset in 32-bit code units.
-
-            if ((surrogates_bitmask0 & 0xaaaaaaaa) != 0) {
-                is_utf32 = false;
-                // Code from avx2_validate_utf16le.cpp
-                const char16_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf);
-                const char16_t* end16 = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(start) + len/2;
-
-                const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-                const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-                const uint32_t V0 = ~surrogates_bitmask0;
-
-                const auto    vH0 = (in16 & v_fc) == v_dc;
-                const uint32_t H0 = vH0.to_bitmask();
-
-                const uint32_t L0 = ~H0 & surrogates_bitmask0;
-
-                const uint32_t a0 = L0 & (H0 >> 1);
-                const uint32_t b0 = a0 << 1;
-                const uint32_t c0 = V0 | a0 | b0;
-
-                if (c0 == 0xffffffff) {
-                    input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-                } else if (c0 == 0x7fffffff) {
-                    input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 - 1;
-                } else {
-                    return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-                }
-
-                while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 < end16) {
-                    const auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-                    const auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS);
-
-                    const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-                    const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-                    const auto in_16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-                    const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in_16 & v_f8) == v_d8;
-                    const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask();
-                    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0) {
-                        input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-                    } else {
-                        const uint32_t V = ~surrogates_bitmask;
-
-                        const auto    vH = (in_16 & v_fc) == v_dc;
-                        const uint32_t H = vH.to_bitmask();
-
-                        const uint32_t L = ~H & surrogates_bitmask;
-
-                        const uint32_t a = L & (H >> 1);
-
-                        const uint32_t b = a << 1;
-
-                        const uint32_t c = V | a | b;
-
-                        if (c == 0xffffffff) {
-                            input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-                        } else if (c == 0x7fffffff) {
-                            input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 - 1;
-                        } else {
-                            return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                is_utf16 = false;
-                // Check for UTF-32
-                if (len % 4 == 0) {
-                    const char32_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf);
-                    const char32_t* end32 = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(start) + len/4;
-
-                    // Must start checking for surrogates
-                    __m256i currentoffsetmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-                    const __m256i offset = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-                    const __m256i standardoffsetmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-
-                    currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(in, currentmax);
-                    currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(nextin, currentmax);
-
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_add_epi32(nextin, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-                    while (input + 8 < end32) {
-                        const __m256i in32 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)input);
-                        currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(in32,currentmax);
-                        currentoffsetmax = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_add_epi32(in32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                        input += 8;
-                    }
-
-                    __m256i forbidden_words = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-                    if(_mm256_testz_si256(forbidden_words, forbidden_words) == 0) {
-                        return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        // If no surrogate, validate under other encodings as well
-
-        // UTF-32 validation
-        currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(in, currentmax);
-        currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(nextin, currentmax);
-
-        // UTF-8 validation
-        // Relies on ../generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h
-        simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in8(in, nextin);
-        check.check_next_input(in8);
-
-        buf += 64;
-    }
-
-    // Check which encodings are possible
-
-    if (is_utf8) {
-        if (static_cast<size_t>(buf - start) != len) {
-            uint8_t block[64]{};
-            std::memset(block, 0x20, 64);
-            std::memcpy(block, buf, len - (buf - start));
-            simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-            check.check_next_input(in);
-        }
-        if (!check.errors()) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf16 && scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/2)) {
-        out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf32 && (len % 4 == 0)) {
-        const __m256i standardmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-        __m256i is_zero = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if (_mm256_testz_si256(is_zero, is_zero) == 1 && scalar::utf32::validate(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/4)) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return out;
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_detect_encodings.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_validate_utf16.cpp */
-/*
-    In UTF-16 code units in range 0xD800 to 0xDFFF have special meaning.
-
-    In a vectorized algorithm we want to examine the most significant
-    nibble in order to select a fast path. If none of highest nibbles
-    are 0xD (13), than we are sure that UTF-16 chunk in a vector
-    register is valid.
-
-    Let us analyze what we need to check if the nibble is 0xD. The
-    value of the preceding nibble determines what we have:
-
-    0xd000 .. 0xd7ff - a valid word
-    0xd800 .. 0xdbff - low surrogate
-    0xdc00 .. 0xdfff - high surrogate
-
-    Other constraints we have to consider:
-    - there must not be two consecutive low surrogates (0xd800 .. 0xdbff)
-    - there must not be two consecutive high surrogates (0xdc00 .. 0xdfff)
-    - there must not be sole low surrogate nor high surrogate
-
-    We're going to build three bitmasks based on the 3rd nibble:
-    - V = valid word,
-    - L = low surrogate (0xd800 .. 0xdbff)
-    - H = high surrogate (0xdc00 .. 0xdfff)
-
-      0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7    <--- word index
-    [ V | L | H | L | H | V | V | L ]
-      1   0   0   0   0   1   1   0     - V = valid masks
-      0   1   0   1   0   0   0   1     - L = low surrogate
-      0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0     - H high surrogate
-
-
-      1   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   V = valid masks
-      0   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   a = L & (H >> 1)
-      0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   b = a << 1
-      1   1   1   1   1   1   1   0   c = V | a | b
-                                  ^
-                                  the last bit can be zero, we just consume 7 code units
-                                  and recheck this word in the next iteration
-*/
-
-/* Returns:
-   - pointer to the last unprocessed character (a scalar fallback should check the rest);
-   - nullptr if an error was detected.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const char16_t* avx2_validate_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-    while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS);
-
-        if (big_endian) {
-            in0 = in0.swap_bytes();
-            in1 = in1.swap_bytes();
-        }
-
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask();
-        if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0) {
-            input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint32_t V = ~surrogates_bitmask;
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto    vH = (in & v_fc) == v_dc;
-            const uint32_t H = vH.to_bitmask();
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint32_t L = ~H & surrogates_bitmask;
-
-            const uint32_t a = L & (H >> 1);  // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint32_t b = a << 1;        // Just mark that the opposite fact is hold,
-                                              // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint32_t c = V | a | b;     // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-
-            if (c == 0xffffffff) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-            } else if (c == 0x7fffffff) {
-                // The 31 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 31 word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 - 1;
-            } else {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const result avx2_validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* start = input;
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-    while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS);
-
-        if (big_endian) {
-            in0 = in0.swap_bytes();
-            in1 = in1.swap_bytes();
-        }
-
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask();
-        if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0) {
-            input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint32_t V = ~surrogates_bitmask;
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto    vH = (in & v_fc) == v_dc;
-            const uint32_t H = vH.to_bitmask();
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint32_t L = ~H & surrogates_bitmask;
-
-            const uint32_t a = L & (H >> 1);  // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint32_t b = a << 1;        // Just mark that the opposite fact is hold,
-                                              // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint32_t c = V | a | b;     // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-
-            if (c == 0xffffffff) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2;
-            } else if (c == 0x7fffffff) {
-                // The 31 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 31 word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += simd16<uint16_t>::ELEMENTS * 2 - 1;
-            } else {
-                return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_validate_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-/* Returns:
-   - pointer to the last unprocessed character (a scalar fallback should check the rest);
-   - nullptr if an error was detected.
-*/
-const char32_t* avx2_validate_utf32le(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const __m256i standardmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-    const __m256i offset = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-    const __m256i standardoffsetmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-    __m256i currentmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    __m256i currentoffsetmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-    while (input + 8 < end) {
-        const __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)input);
-        currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-        input += 8;
-    }
-    __m256i is_zero = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    is_zero = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-const result avx2_validate_utf32le_with_errors(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* start = input;
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const __m256i standardmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-    const __m256i offset = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-    const __m256i standardoffsetmax = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-    __m256i currentmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    __m256i currentoffsetmax = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-    while (input + 8 < end) {
-        const __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)input);
-        currentmax = _mm256_max_epu32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-        __m256i is_zero = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if(_mm256_testz_si256(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-            return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, input - start);
-        }
-
-        is_zero = _mm256_xor_si256(_mm256_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-        if(_mm256_testz_si256(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-            return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-        }
-        input += 8;
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-std::pair<const char *, char *> avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char *latin1_input, size_t len,
-                           char *utf8_output) {
-  const char *end = latin1_input + len;
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xff80);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12;
-
-  while (latin1_input + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m128i in8 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_input);
-    // a single 16-bit UTF-16 word can yield 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-    const __m128i v_80 = _mm_set1_epi8((char)0x80);
-    if (_mm_testz_si128(in8, v_80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // 1. store (16 bytes)
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf8_output, in8);
-      // 2. adjust pointers
-      latin1_input += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // We proceed only with the first 16 bytes.
-    const __m256i in = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16((in8));
-
-    // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-    // input 16-bit word : [0000|0000|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-    // expected output   : [1100|00aa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-    const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-    const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-    // t0 = [0000|00aa|bbbb|bb00]
-    const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in, 2);
-    // t1 = [0000|00aa|0000|0000]
-    const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-    // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-    const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in, v_003f);
-    // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-    const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-    // t4 = [1100|00aa|10bb|bbbb]
-    const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-    // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-    // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-    const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-    const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-    const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0) & 0x00ff00ff;
-    // 4. pack the bytes
-
-    const uint8_t *row =
-        &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-    const uint8_t *row_2 =
-        &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2 >> 16)]
-                                                            [0];
-
-    const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(row + 1));
-    const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(row_2 + 1));
-
-    const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(
-        utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle, shuffle_2));
-    // 5. store bytes
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf8_output,
-                     _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-    utf8_output += row[0];
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf8_output,
-                     _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed, 1));
-    utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-    // 6. adjust pointers
-    latin1_input += 16;
-    continue;
-
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(latin1_input, utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char* latin1_input, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-    size_t rounded_len = len & ~0xF; // Round down to nearest multiple of 32
-
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-        // Load 16 bytes from the address (input + i) into a xmm register
-        __m128i xmm0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(latin1_input + i));
-
-        // Zero extend each byte in xmm0 to word and put it in another xmm register
-        __m128i xmm1 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(xmm0);
-
-        // Shift xmm0 to the right by 8 bytes
-        xmm0 = _mm_srli_si128(xmm0, 8);
-
-        // Zero extend each byte in the shifted xmm0 to word in xmm0
-        xmm0 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(xmm0);
-
-        if (big_endian) {
-            const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-            xmm0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(xmm0, swap);
-            xmm1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(xmm1, swap);
-        }
-
-        // Store the contents of xmm1 into the address pointed by (output + i)
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(utf16_output + i), xmm1);
-
-        // Store the contents of xmm0 into the address pointed by (output + i + 8)
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(utf16_output + i + 8), xmm0);
-    }
-
-    return std::make_pair(latin1_input + rounded_len, utf16_output + rounded_len);
-
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-    size_t rounded_len = ((len | 7) ^ 7);  // Round down to nearest multiple of 8
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 8) {
-        // Load 8 Latin1 characters into a 64-bit register
-        __m128i in = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i*)&buf[i]);
-
-        // Zero extend each set of 8 Latin1 characters to 8 32-bit integers using vpmovzxbd
-        __m256i out = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(in);
-
-        // Store the results back to memory
-        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i*)&utf32_output[i], out);
-    }
-
-    // return pointers pointing to where we left off
-    return std::make_pair(buf + rounded_len, utf32_output + rounded_len);
-}
-
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to utf16 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char16_t *&utf16_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    __m256i ascii = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(in);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap256 = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      ascii = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(ascii, swap256);
-    }
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf16_output), ascii);
-    utf16_output += 16; // We wrote 16 16-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xaaaa)) {
-    // We want to take 8 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 8 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    if (big_endian) composed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed);
-    utf16_output += 8; // We wrote 16 bytes, 8 code points.
-    return 16;
-  }
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, -1, 5, 4, 3, -1, 8, 7, 6, -1, 11, 10, 9, -1);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    __m128i composed_repacked = _mm_packus_epi32(composed, composed);
-    if (big_endian) composed_repacked = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed_repacked, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed_repacked);
-    utf16_output += 4;
-    return 12;
-  }
-
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // this is a relatively easy scenario
-    // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-    // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-    // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    if (big_endian) composed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed);
-    utf16_output += 6; // We wrote 12 bytes, 6 code points. There is a potential overflow of 4 bytes.
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    __m128i composed_repacked = _mm_packus_epi32(composed, composed);
-    if (big_endian) composed_repacked = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed_repacked, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed_repacked);
-    utf16_output += 4; // Here we overflow by 8 bytes.
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // TWO (2) input code-code units
-    //////////////
-    // There might be garbage inputs where a leading byte mascarades as a four-byte
-    // leading byte (by being followed by 3 continuation byte), but is not greater than
-    // 0xf0. This could trigger a buffer overflow if we only counted leading
-    // bytes of the form 0xf0 as generating surrogate pairs, without further UTF-8 validation.
-    // Thus we must be careful to ensure that only leading bytes at least as large as 0xf0 generate surrogate pairs.
-    // We do as at the cost of an extra mask.
-    /////////////
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)simdutf::tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f));
-    const __m128i middlebyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00));
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    __m128i middlehighbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f0000));
-    // correct for spurious high bit
-    const __m128i correct =
-        _mm_srli_epi32(_mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x400000)), 1);
-    middlehighbyte = _mm_xor_si128(correct, middlehighbyte);
-    const __m128i middlehighbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlehighbyte, 4);
-    // We deliberately carry the leading four bits in highbyte if they are present,
-    // we remove them later when computing hightenbits.
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0xff000000));
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 6);
-    // When we need to generate a surrogate pair (leading byte > 0xF0), then
-    // the corresponding 32-bit value in 'composed'  will be greater than
-    // > (0xff00000>>6) or > 0x3c00000. This can be used later to identify the
-    // location of the surrogate pairs.
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted),
-                     _mm_or_si128(highbyte_shifted, middlehighbyte_shifted));
-    const __m128i composedminus =
-        _mm_sub_epi32(composed, _mm_set1_epi32(0x10000));
-    const __m128i lowtenbits =
-        _mm_and_si128(composedminus, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3ff));
-    // Notice the 0x3ff mask:
-    const __m128i hightenbits = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi32(composedminus, 10), _mm_set1_epi32(0x3ff));
-    const __m128i lowtenbitsadd =
-        _mm_add_epi32(lowtenbits, _mm_set1_epi32(0xDC00));
-    const __m128i hightenbitsadd =
-        _mm_add_epi32(hightenbits, _mm_set1_epi32(0xD800));
-    const __m128i lowtenbitsaddshifted = _mm_slli_epi32(lowtenbitsadd, 16);
-    __m128i surrogates =
-        _mm_or_si128(hightenbitsadd, lowtenbitsaddshifted);
-    uint32_t basic_buffer[4];
-    uint32_t basic_buffer_swap[4];
-    if (big_endian) {
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)basic_buffer_swap, _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap));
-      surrogates = _mm_shuffle_epi8(surrogates, swap);
-    }
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)basic_buffer, composed);
-    uint32_t surrogate_buffer[4];
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)surrogate_buffer, surrogates);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-      if(basic_buffer[i] > 0x3c00000) {
-        utf16_output[0] = uint16_t(surrogate_buffer[i] & 0xffff);
-        utf16_output[1] = uint16_t(surrogate_buffer[i] >> 16);
-        utf16_output += 2;
-      } else  {
-        utf16_output[0] = big_endian ? uint16_t(basic_buffer_swap[i]) : uint16_t(basic_buffer[i]);
-        utf16_output++;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-  }
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to utf32 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char32_t *&utf32_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(in));
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output+8), _mm256_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,8)));
-    utf32_output += 16; // We wrote 16 32-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xaaaa)) {
-    // We want to take 8 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 8 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    const __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)utf32_output, _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(composed));
-    utf32_output += 8; // We wrote 16 bytes, 8 code points.
-    return 16;
-  }
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, -1, 5, 4, 3, -1, 8, 7, 6, -1, 11, 10, 9, -1);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 4;
-    return 12;
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, so we fallback.
-
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // this is a relatively easy scenario
-    // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-    // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-    // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    const __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)utf32_output, _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(composed));
-    utf32_output += 6; // We wrote 24 bytes, 6 code points. There is a potential
-    // overflow of 32 - 24 = 8 bytes.
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 4;
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // TWO (2) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f));
-    const __m128i middlebyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00));
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    __m128i middlehighbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f0000));
-    // correct for spurious high bit
-    const __m128i correct =
-        _mm_srli_epi32(_mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x400000)), 1);
-    middlehighbyte = _mm_xor_si128(correct, middlehighbyte);
-    const __m128i middlehighbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlehighbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x07000000));
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 6);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted),
-                     _mm_or_si128(highbyte_shifted, middlehighbyte_shifted));
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 3; // We wrote 3 * 4 bytes, there is a potential overflow of 4 bytes.
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-  }
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t *, char *>
-avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t *buf, size_t len,
-                             char *latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    // Load 16 UTF-16 characters into 256-bit AVX2 register
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(buf));
-
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-          1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14, 17, 16, 19, 18,
-          21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    __m256i high_byte_mask = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xFF00);
-    if (_mm256_testz_si256(in, high_byte_mask)) {
-      // Pack 16-bit characters into 8-bit and store in latin1_output
-      __m128i lo = _mm256_extractf128_si256(in, 0);
-      __m128i hi = _mm256_extractf128_si256(in, 1);
-      __m128i latin1_packed_lo = _mm_packus_epi16(lo, lo);
-      __m128i latin1_packed_hi = _mm_packus_epi16(hi, hi);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output),
-                       latin1_packed_lo);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output + 8),
-                       latin1_packed_hi);
-      // Adjust pointers for next iteration
-      buf += 16;
-      latin1_output += 16;
-    } else {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char *>(latin1_output));
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char *>
-avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                         char *latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t *start = buf;
-  const char16_t *end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(buf));
-
-    if (!big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-          1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14, 17, 16, 19, 18,
-          21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    __m256i high_byte_mask = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xFF00);
-    if (_mm256_testz_si256(in, high_byte_mask)) {
-      __m128i lo = _mm256_extractf128_si256(in, 0);
-      __m128i hi = _mm256_extractf128_si256(in, 1);
-      __m128i latin1_packed_lo = _mm_packus_epi16(lo, lo);
-      __m128i latin1_packed_hi = _mm_packus_epi16(hi, hi);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output),
-                       latin1_packed_lo);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output + 8),
-                       latin1_packed_hi);
-      buf += 16;
-      latin1_output += 16;
-    } else {
-      // Fallback to scalar code for handling errors
-      for (int k = 0; k < 16; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian)
-                            ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k])
-                            : buf[k];
-        if (word <= 0xff) {
-          *latin1_output++ = char(word);
-        } else {
-          return std::make_pair(
-              result{error_code::TOO_LARGE, (size_t)(buf - start + k)},
-              latin1_output);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += 16;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result{error_code::SUCCESS, (size_t)(buf - start)},
-                        latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xc080);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-    // a single 16-bit UTF-16 word can yield 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-    const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xff80);
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 16;
-        utf8_output += 16;
-        continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-
-          // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-          // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-          // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-          const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-          const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-          // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-          const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in, 2);
-          // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-          const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-          // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in, v_003f);
-          // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-          // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-          // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-          const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-          // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-          const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-          const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-          const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-          // 4. pack the bytes
-
-          const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-          const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-          const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-          const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-          const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-          // 5. store bytes
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-          utf8_output += row[0];
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-          utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-          // 6. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          continue;
-    }
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m256i surrogates_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x00000000) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-        const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                                0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, dup_even);
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-        const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in, 4);
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-        const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-        const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                              (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-        // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-        /*if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-          const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-          const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 16;
-          continue;
-        }*/
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-        const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-        const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-        const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-        const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-        utf8_output += row2[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-        utf8_output += row3[0];
-        buf += 16;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf8_output);
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char*> avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xc080);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-    // a single 16-bit UTF-16 word can yield 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-    const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xff80);
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 16;
-        utf8_output += 16;
-        continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-
-          // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-          // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-          // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-          const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-          const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-          // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-          const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in, 2);
-          // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-          const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-          // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in, v_003f);
-          // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-          // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-          const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-          // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-          const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-          // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-          const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-          const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-          const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-          // 4. pack the bytes
-
-          const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-          const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-          const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-          const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-          const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-          // 5. store bytes
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-          utf8_output += row[0];
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-          utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-          // 6. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          continue;
-    }
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m256i surrogates_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x00000000) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-        const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                                0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, dup_even);
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-        const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in, 4);
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-        const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-        const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                              (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-        // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-        /*if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-          const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-          const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 16;
-          continue;
-        }*/
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-        const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-        const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-        const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-        const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-        utf8_output += row2[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-        utf8_output += row3[0];
-        buf += 16;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), utf8_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf32_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m256i surrogates_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x00000000) {
-      // case: we extend all sixteen 16-bit code units to sixteen 32-bit code units
-        _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output), _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in)));
-        _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output + 8), _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1)));
-        utf32_output += 16;
-        buf += 16;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          // No surrogate pair
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf32_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf32_output);
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char32_t*> avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m256i swap = _mm256_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14,
-                                  17, 16, 19, 18, 21, 20, 23, 22, 25, 24, 27, 26, 29, 28, 31, 30);
-      in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m256i surrogates_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint32_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x00000000) {
-      // case: we extend all sixteen 16-bit code units to sixteen 32-bit code units
-        _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output), _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in)));
-        _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(utf32_output + 8), _mm256_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1)));
-        utf32_output += 16;
-        buf += 16;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          // No surrogate pair
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), utf32_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf32_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t *, char *>
-avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                             char *latin1_output) {
-  const size_t rounded_len =
-  len & ~0x1F; // Round down to nearest multiple of 32
-
-  __m256i high_bytes_mask = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFF00);
-
-  __m256i shufmask = _mm256_set_epi8(-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                                    -1, 12, 8, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                                    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-    __m256i in1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)buf);
-    __m256i in2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf + 8));
-
-    __m256i check_combined = _mm256_or_si256(in1, in2);
-
-    if (!_mm256_testz_si256(check_combined, high_bytes_mask)) {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, latin1_output);
-    }
-
-    //Turn UTF32 bytes into latin 1 bytes
-    __m256i shuffled1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in1, shufmask);
-    __m256i shuffled2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in2, shufmask);
-
-    //move Latin1 bytes to their correct spot
-    __m256i idx1 = _mm256_set_epi32(-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,4,0);
-    __m256i idx2 = _mm256_set_epi32(-1, -1,-1,-1,4,0,-1,-1);
-    __m256i reshuffled1 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(shuffled1, idx1);
-    __m256i reshuffled2 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(shuffled2, idx2);
-
-    __m256i result = _mm256_or_si256(reshuffled1, reshuffled2);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output,
-                     _mm256_castsi256_si128(result));
-
-    latin1_output += 16;
-    buf += 16;
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-std::pair<result, char *>
-avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                         char *latin1_output) {
-    const size_t rounded_len =
-        len & ~0x1F; // Round down to nearest multiple of 32
-
-    __m256i high_bytes_mask = _mm256_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFF00);
-    __m256i shufmask = _mm256_set_epi8(-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                                       -1, 12, 8, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                                       -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-
-    const char32_t *start = buf;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-        __m256i in1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)buf);
-        __m256i in2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i *)(buf + 8));
-
-        __m256i check_combined = _mm256_or_si256(in1, in2);
-
-        if (!_mm256_testz_si256(check_combined, high_bytes_mask)) {
-            // Fallback to scalar code for handling errors
-            for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-                char32_t codepoint = buf[k];
-                if (codepoint <= 0xFF) {
-                    *latin1_output++ = static_cast<char>(codepoint);
-                } else {
-                    return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k),
-                                          latin1_output);
-                }
-            }
-            buf += 8;
-        } else {
-            __m256i shuffled1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in1, shufmask);
-            __m256i shuffled2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in2, shufmask);
-
-            __m256i idx1 = _mm256_set_epi32(-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 4, 0);
-            __m256i idx2 = _mm256_set_epi32(-1, -1, -1, -1, 4, 0, -1, -1);
-            __m256i reshuffled1 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(shuffled1, idx1);
-            __m256i reshuffled2 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32(shuffled2, idx2);
-
-            __m256i result = _mm256_or_si256(reshuffled1, reshuffled2);
-            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(result));
-
-            latin1_output += 16;
-            buf += 16;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m256i v_7fffffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff);
-  __m256i running_max = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    __m256i nextin = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf+1);
-    running_max = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_max_epu32(in, running_max), nextin);
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m256i in_16 = _mm256_packus_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_7fffffff), _mm256_and_si256(nextin, v_7fffffff));
-    in_16 = _mm256_permute4x64_epi64(in_16, 0b11011000);
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine on 256 bits (haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in_16, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // 1. pack the bytes
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in_16),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in_16,1));
-      // 2. store (16 bytes)
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-      // 3. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-      const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in_16, 2);
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_003f);
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-      const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-      const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-      const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-      const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-      utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Must check for overflow in packing
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_or_si256(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_or_si256(forbidden_bytemask, _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                              0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-        1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-        2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-        3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-      // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-      /*if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 16;
-        continue;
-      }*/
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-      const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-      const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-      const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-      const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-      utf8_output += row2[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-      utf8_output += row3[0];
-      buf += 16;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word is larger than 0xFFFF <=> it will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // may require large, non-trivial tables?
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {  // 1-byte (ASCII)
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) { // 2-byte
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000 )==0) {  // 3-byte
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {  // 4-byte
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  const __m256i v_10ffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-  if(static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_max_epu32(running_max, v_10ffff), v_10ffff))) != 0xffffffff) {
-    return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf8_output);
-}
-
-
-std::pair<result, char*> avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-
-  const __m256i v_0000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  const __m256i v_ff80 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-  const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m256i v_c080 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m256i v_7fffffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff);
-  const __m256i v_10ffff = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-    __m256i nextin = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf+1);
-    // Check for too large input
-    const __m256i max_input = _mm256_max_epu32(_mm256_max_epu32(in, nextin), v_10ffff);
-    if(static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(_mm256_cmpeq_epi32(max_input, v_10ffff))) != 0xffffffff) {
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-    }
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m256i in_16 = _mm256_packus_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_7fffffff), _mm256_and_si256(nextin, v_7fffffff));
-    in_16 = _mm256_permute4x64_epi64(in_16, 0b11011000);
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 routine on 256 bits (haswell/avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp)
-
-    if(_mm256_testz_si256(in_16, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // 1. pack the bytes
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in_16),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in_16,1));
-      // 2. store (16 bytes)
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-      // 3. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue; // we are done for this round!
-    }
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m256i one_byte_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m256i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m256i v_1f00 = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-      const __m256i v_003f = _mm256_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(in_16, 2);
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, v_1f00);
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_003f);
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t2);
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m256i t4 = _mm256_or_si256(t3, v_c080);
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m256i utf8_unpacked = _mm256_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      const uint32_t M0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555;
-      const uint32_t M1 = M0 >> 7;
-      const uint32_t M2 = (M1 | M0)  & 0x00ff00ff;
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2)][0];
-      const uint8_t* row_2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[uint8_t(M2>>16)][0];
-
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i shuffle_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row_2 + 1));
-
-      const __m256i utf8_packed = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, _mm256_setr_m128i(shuffle,shuffle_2));
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_packed));
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_packed,1));
-      utf8_output += row_2[0];
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Must check for overflow in packing
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_or_si256(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-
-      // Check for illegal surrogate code units
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(in_16, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0x0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-      }
-
-      const __m256i dup_even = _mm256_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e,
-                                              0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-        1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-        2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-        3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm256_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t1 = _mm256_and_si256(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m256i t2 = _mm256_or_si256 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m256i s0 = _mm256_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m256i s1 = _mm256_and_si256(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m256i s3 = _mm256_or_si256(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m256i m0 = _mm256_andnot_si256(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m256i s4 = _mm256_xor_si256(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m256i out0 = _mm256_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m256i out1 = _mm256_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint32_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x55555555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaaaaaa);
-      // Due to the wider registers, the following path is less likely to be useful.
-      /*if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m256i shuffle = _mm256_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1, 2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m256i utf8_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m256i utf8_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_0));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_castsi256_si128(utf8_1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_0,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, _mm256_extractf128_si256(utf8_1,1));
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 16;
-        continue;
-      }*/
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out0), shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_castsi256_si128(out1), shuffle1);
-
-      const uint8_t mask2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 16);
-      const uint8_t* row2 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row2 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out0,1), shuffle2);
-
-
-      const uint8_t mask3 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 24);
-      const uint8_t* row3 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask3][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row3 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_extractf128_si256(out1,1), shuffle3);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_2);
-      utf8_output += row2[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_3);
-      utf8_output += row3[0];
-      buf += 16;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word is larger than 0xFFFF <=> it will produce four UTF-8 bytes.
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // may require large, non-trivial tables?
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {  // 1-byte (ASCII)
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) { // 2-byte
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFF0000 )==0) {  // 3-byte
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {  // 4-byte
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-  __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-
-
-  while (buf + 8 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-
-    const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-
-    // no bits set above 16th bit <=> can pack to UTF16 without surrogate pairs
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xf800);
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_or_si256(forbidden_bytemask, _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf16_output);
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char16_t*> avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 8 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)buf);
-
-    const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-
-    // no bits set above 16th bit <=> can pack to UTF16 without surrogate pairs
-    const __m256i saturation_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffffffff) {
-      const __m256i v_f800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xf800);
-      const __m256i v_d800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xd800);
-      const __m256i forbidden_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0x0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf16_output);
-      }
-
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(in),_mm256_extractf128_si256(in,1));
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf16_output);
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to latin1 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char *&latin1_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const __m128i in_second_half = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(input + 16));
-
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff; //we're only processing 12 bytes in case it`s not all ASCII
-
-  if((input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffffffff) == 0xffffffff) {
-    // Load the next 128 bits.
-
-    // Combine the two 128-bit registers into a single 256-bit register.
-    __m256i in_combined = _mm256_set_m128i(in_second_half, in);
-
-    // We process the data in chunks of 32 bytes.
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(latin1_output), in_combined);
-
-    latin1_output += 32; // We wrote 32 characters.
-    return 32; // We consumed 32 bytes.
-  }
-
-
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output), in);
-    latin1_output += 16; // We wrote 16 characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, so we fallback.
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  // this indicates an invalid input:
-  if(idx >= 64) { return consumed; }
-  // Here we should have (idx < 64), if not, there is a bug in the validation or elsewhere.
-  // SIX (6) input code-code units
-  // this is a relatively easy scenario
-  // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-  // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-  // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-  const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-  const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-  const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-  const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-  __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-  const __m128i latin1_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(composed,composed);
-  // writing 8 bytes even though we only care about the first 6 bytes.
-  // performance note: it would be faster to use _mm_storeu_si128, we should investigate.
-  _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)latin1_output, latin1_packed);
-  latin1_output += 6; // We wrote 6 bytes.
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/haswell/avx2_base64.cpp */
-/**
- * References and further reading:
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Base64 encoding and decoding at almost the
- * speed of a memory copy, Software: Practice and Experience 50 (2), 2020.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05109
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Faster Base64 Encoding and Decoding using AVX2
- * Instructions, ACM Transactions on the Web 12 (3), 2018.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00605
- *
- * Simon Josefsson. 2006. The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings.
- * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648. (2006). Internet Engineering Task Force,
- * Request for Comments: 4648.
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014a. Fast Base64 encoding/decoding with SSE vectorization.
- * http://www.alfredklomp.com/programming/sse-base64/. (2014).
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014b. Fast Base64 stream encoder/decoder in C99, with SIMD
- * acceleration. https://github.com/aklomp/base64. (2014).
- *
- * Hanson Char. 2014. A Fast and Correct Base 64 Codec. (2014).
- * https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/a-fast-and-correct-base-64-codec/
- *
- * Nick Kopp. 2013. Base64 Encoding on a GPU.
- * https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/276993/Base-Encoding-on-a-GPU. (2013).
- */
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-simdutf_really_inline __m256i lookup_pshufb_improved(const __m256i input) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  __m256i result = _mm256_subs_epu8(input, _mm256_set1_epi8(51));
-  const __m256i less = _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi8(26), input);
-  result =
-      _mm256_or_si256(result, _mm256_and_si256(less, _mm256_set1_epi8(13)));
-  __m256i shift_LUT;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    shift_LUT = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        'a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-        '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '-' - 62, '_' - 63, 'A', 0, 0,
-
-        'a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-        '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '-' - 62, '_' - 63, 'A', 0, 0);
-  } else {
-    shift_LUT = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        'a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-        '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '+' - 62, '/' - 63, 'A', 0, 0,
-
-        'a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-        '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '+' - 62, '/' - 63, 'A', 0, 0);
-  }
-
-  result = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(shift_LUT, result);
-  return _mm256_add_epi8(result, input);
-}
-
-template <base64_options options>
-size_t encode_base64(char *dst, const char *src, size_t srclen) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  const uint8_t *input = (const uint8_t *)src;
-
-  uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)dst;
-  const __m256i shuf =
-      _mm256_set_epi8(10, 11, 9, 10, 7, 8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 0, 1,
-
-                      10, 11, 9, 10, 7, 8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 0, 1);
-  size_t i = 0;
-  for (; i + 100 <= srclen; i += 96) {
-    const __m128i lo0 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 0));
-    const __m128i hi0 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 1));
-    const __m128i lo1 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 2));
-    const __m128i hi1 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 3));
-    const __m128i lo2 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 4));
-    const __m128i hi2 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 5));
-    const __m128i lo3 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 6));
-    const __m128i hi3 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 7));
-
-    __m256i in0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set_m128i(hi0, lo0), shuf);
-    __m256i in1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set_m128i(hi1, lo1), shuf);
-    __m256i in2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set_m128i(hi2, lo2), shuf);
-    __m256i in3 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set_m128i(hi3, lo3), shuf);
-
-    const __m256i t0_0 = _mm256_and_si256(in0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m256i t0_1 = _mm256_and_si256(in1, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m256i t0_2 = _mm256_and_si256(in2, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m256i t0_3 = _mm256_and_si256(in3, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-
-    const __m256i t1_0 =
-        _mm256_mulhi_epu16(t0_0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m256i t1_1 =
-        _mm256_mulhi_epu16(t0_1, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m256i t1_2 =
-        _mm256_mulhi_epu16(t0_2, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m256i t1_3 =
-        _mm256_mulhi_epu16(t0_3, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-
-    const __m256i t2_0 = _mm256_and_si256(in0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m256i t2_1 = _mm256_and_si256(in1, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m256i t2_2 = _mm256_and_si256(in2, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m256i t2_3 = _mm256_and_si256(in3, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-
-    const __m256i t3_0 =
-        _mm256_mullo_epi16(t2_0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m256i t3_1 =
-        _mm256_mullo_epi16(t2_1, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m256i t3_2 =
-        _mm256_mullo_epi16(t2_2, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m256i t3_3 =
-        _mm256_mullo_epi16(t2_3, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-
-    const __m256i input0 = _mm256_or_si256(t1_0, t3_0);
-    const __m256i input1 = _mm256_or_si256(t1_1, t3_1);
-    const __m256i input2 = _mm256_or_si256(t1_2, t3_2);
-    const __m256i input3 = _mm256_or_si256(t1_3, t3_3);
-
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(out),
-                        lookup_pshufb_improved<options == base64_url>(input0));
-    out += 32;
-
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(out),
-                        lookup_pshufb_improved<options == base64_url>(input1));
-    out += 32;
-
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(out),
-                        lookup_pshufb_improved<options == base64_url>(input2));
-    out += 32;
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(out),
-                        lookup_pshufb_improved<options == base64_url>(input3));
-    out += 32;
-  }
-  for (; i + 28 <= srclen; i += 24) {
-    // lo = [xxxx|DDDC|CCBB|BAAA]
-    // hi = [xxxx|HHHG|GGFF|FEEE]
-    const __m128i lo =
-        _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i));
-    const __m128i hi =
-        _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3));
-
-    // bytes from groups A, B and C are needed in separate 32-bit lanes
-    // in = [0HHH|0GGG|0FFF|0EEE[0DDD|0CCC|0BBB|0AAA]
-    __m256i in = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set_m128i(hi, lo), shuf);
-
-    // this part is well commented in encode.sse.cpp
-
-    const __m256i t0 = _mm256_and_si256(in, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m256i t1 = _mm256_mulhi_epu16(t0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m256i t2 = _mm256_and_si256(in, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m256i t3 = _mm256_mullo_epi16(t2, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m256i indices = _mm256_or_si256(t1, t3);
-
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(out),
-                        lookup_pshufb_improved<options == base64_url>(indices));
-    out += 32;
-  }
-  return i / 3 * 4 + scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64((char *)out, src + i,
-                                                        srclen - i, options);
-}
-
-static inline void compress(__m128i data, uint16_t mask, char *output) {
-  if (mask == 0) {
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), data);
-    return;
-  }
-  // this particular implementation was inspired by work done by @animetosho
-  // we do it in two steps, first 8 bytes and then second 8 bytes
-  uint8_t mask1 = uint8_t(mask);      // least significant 8 bits
-  uint8_t mask2 = uint8_t(mask >> 8); // most significant 8 bits
-  // next line just loads the 64-bit values thintable_epi8[mask1] and
-  // thintable_epi8[mask2] into a 128-bit register, using only
-  // two instructions on most compilers.
-
-  __m128i shufmask = _mm_set_epi64x(tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask2],
-                                    tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask1]);
-  // we increment by 0x08 the second half of the mask
-  shufmask =
-      _mm_add_epi8(shufmask, _mm_set_epi32(0x08080808, 0x08080808, 0, 0));
-  // this is the version "nearly pruned"
-  __m128i pruned = _mm_shuffle_epi8(data, shufmask);
-  // we still need to put the two halves together.
-  // we compute the popcount of the first half:
-  int pop1 = tables::base64::BitsSetTable256mul2[mask1];
-  // then load the corresponding mask, what it does is to write
-  // only the first pop1 bytes from the first 8 bytes, and then
-  // it fills in with the bytes from the second 8 bytes + some filling
-  // at the end.
-  __m128i compactmask = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(
-      tables::base64::pshufb_combine_table + pop1 * 8));
-  __m128i answer = _mm_shuffle_epi8(pruned, compactmask);
-
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), answer);
-}
-
-static inline void compress(__m256i data, uint32_t mask, char *output) {
-  if (mask == 0) {
-    _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(output), data);
-    return;
-  }
-  compress(_mm256_castsi256_si128(data), uint16_t(mask), output);
-  compress(_mm256_extracti128_si256(data, 1), uint16_t(mask >> 16),
-           output + _mm_popcnt_u32(~mask & 0xFFFF));
-}
-
-struct block64 {
-  __m256i chunks[2];
-};
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-static inline uint32_t to_base64_mask(__m256i *src, bool *error) {
-  const __m256i ascii_space_tbl =
-      _mm256_setr_epi8(0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0xa,
-                       0x0, 0xc, 0xd, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
-                       0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0xa, 0x0, 0xc, 0xd, 0x0, 0x0);
-  // credit: aqrit
-  __m256i delta_asso;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    delta_asso =
-        _mm256_setr_epi8(0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
-                         0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0xF, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1,
-                         0x1, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0xF);
-  } else {
-    delta_asso = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-        0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
-        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x0F);
-  }
-
-  __m256i delta_values;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    delta_values = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x4, uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xB9),
-        uint8_t(0xB9), 0x0, 0x11, uint8_t(0xC3), uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xE0),
-        uint8_t(0xB9), uint8_t(0xB9), 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x4, uint8_t(0xBF),
-        uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xB9), uint8_t(0xB9), 0x0, 0x11, uint8_t(0xC3),
-        uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xE0), uint8_t(0xB9), uint8_t(0xB9));
-  } else {
-    delta_values = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x13), int8_t(0x04),
-        int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0x00),
-        int8_t(0x10), int8_t(0xC3), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xB9),
-        int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x13),
-        int8_t(0x04), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0xB9),
-        int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x10), int8_t(0xC3), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF),
-        int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0xB9));
-  }
-  __m256i check_asso;
-
-  if (base64_url) {
-    check_asso =
-        _mm256_setr_epi8(0xD, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x3,
-                         0x7, 0xB, 0x6, 0xB, 0x12, 0xD, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1,
-                         0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x3, 0x7, 0xB, 0x6, 0xB, 0x12);
-  } else {
-
-    check_asso = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07,
-        0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0F, 0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
-        0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0F);
-  }
-  __m256i check_values;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    check_values = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        0x0, uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0xCF),
-        uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xD3), uint8_t(0xA6), uint8_t(0xB5),
-        uint8_t(0x86), uint8_t(0xD0), uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0xB0),
-        uint8_t(0x80), 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0x80),
-        uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0xCF), uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xD3),
-        uint8_t(0xA6), uint8_t(0xB5), uint8_t(0x86), uint8_t(0xD0),
-        uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0xB0), uint8_t(0x80), 0x0, 0x0);
-  } else {
-    check_values = _mm256_setr_epi8(
-        int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0xCF),
-        int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xD5), int8_t(0xA6), int8_t(0xB5), int8_t(0x86),
-        int8_t(0xD1), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0xB1), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x91),
-        int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80),
-        int8_t(0xCF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xD5), int8_t(0xA6), int8_t(0xB5),
-        int8_t(0x86), int8_t(0xD1), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0xB1), int8_t(0x80),
-        int8_t(0x91), int8_t(0x80));
-  }
-  const __m256i shifted = _mm256_srli_epi32(*src, 3);
-  const __m256i delta_hash =
-      _mm256_avg_epu8(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(delta_asso, *src), shifted);
-  const __m256i check_hash =
-      _mm256_avg_epu8(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(check_asso, *src), shifted);
-  const __m256i out =
-      _mm256_adds_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(delta_values, delta_hash), *src);
-  const __m256i chk =
-      _mm256_adds_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(check_values, check_hash), *src);
-  const int mask = _mm256_movemask_epi8(chk);
-  if (mask) {
-    __m256i ascii_space =
-        _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(ascii_space_tbl, *src), *src);
-    *error |= (mask != _mm256_movemask_epi8(ascii_space));
-  }
-  *src = out;
-  return (uint32_t)mask;
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-static inline uint64_t to_base64_mask(block64 *b, bool *error) {
-  *error = 0;
-  uint64_t m0 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[0], error);
-  uint64_t m1 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[1], error);
-  return m0 | (m1 << 32);
-}
-
-static inline void copy_block(block64 *b, char *output) {
-  _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(output), b->chunks[0]);
-  _mm256_storeu_si256(reinterpret_cast<__m256i *>(output + 32), b->chunks[1]);
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t compress_block(block64 *b, uint64_t mask, char *output) {
-  uint64_t nmask = ~mask;
-  compress(b->chunks[0], uint32_t(mask), output);
-  compress(b->chunks[1], uint32_t(mask >> 32),
-           output + _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask & 0xFFFFFFFF));
-  return _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask);
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 64 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char *src) {
-  b->chunks[0] = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src));
-  b->chunks[1] =
-      _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 32));
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 128 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char16_t *src) {
-  __m256i m1 = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src));
-  __m256i m2 = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 16));
-  __m256i m3 = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 32));
-  __m256i m4 = _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 48));
-  __m256i m1p = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(m1, m2, 0x20);
-  __m256i m2p = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(m1, m2, 0x31);
-  __m256i m3p = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(m3, m4, 0x20);
-  __m256i m4p = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(m3, m4, 0x31);
-  b->chunks[0] = _mm256_packus_epi16(m1p, m2p);
-  b->chunks[1] = _mm256_packus_epi16(m3p, m4p);
-}
-
-static inline void base64_decode(char *out, __m256i str) {
-  // credit: aqrit
-  const __m256i pack_shuffle =
-      _mm256_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 8, 14, 13, 12, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                       2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 8, 14, 13, 12, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-  const __m256i t0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(str, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x01400140));
-  const __m256i t1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(t0, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x00011000));
-  const __m256i t2 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(t1, pack_shuffle);
-
-  // Store the output:
-  _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)out, _mm256_castsi256_si128(t2));
-  _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(out + 12), _mm256_extracti128_si256(t2, 1));
-}
-// decode 64 bytes and output 48 bytes
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, const char *src) {
-  base64_decode(out,
-                _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src)));
-  base64_decode(out + 24, _mm256_loadu_si256(
-                              reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 32)));
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block_safe(char *out, const char *src) {
-  base64_decode(out,
-                _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src)));
-  char buffer[32]; // We enforce safety with a buffer.
-  base64_decode(
-      buffer, _mm256_loadu_si256(reinterpret_cast<const __m256i *>(src + 32)));
-  std::memcpy(out + 24, buffer, 24);
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, block64 *b) {
-  base64_decode(out, b->chunks[0]);
-  base64_decode(out + 24, b->chunks[1]);
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block_safe(char *out, block64 *b) {
-  base64_decode(out, b->chunks[0]);
-  char buffer[32]; // We enforce safety with a buffer.
-  base64_decode(buffer, b->chunks[1]);
-  std::memcpy(out + 24, buffer, 24);
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url, typename chartype>
-result compress_decode_base64(char *dst, const chartype *src, size_t srclen,
-                              base64_options options) {
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = base64_url ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value
-                                        : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-    srclen--;
-  }
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-    srclen--;
-    equalsigns = 1;
-    // skip trailing spaces
-    while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-      srclen--;
-    }
-    while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-      srclen--;
-    }
-    if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-      srclen--;
-      equalsigns = 2;
-    }
-  }
-  char *end_of_safe_64byte_zone =
-      (srclen + 3) / 4 * 3 >= 63 ? dst + (srclen + 3) / 4 * 3 - 63 : dst;
-
-  const chartype *const srcinit = src;
-  const char *const dstinit = dst;
-  const chartype *const srcend = src + srclen;
-
-  constexpr size_t block_size = 6;
-  static_assert(block_size >= 2, "block_size must be at least two");
-  char buffer[block_size * 64];
-  char *bufferptr = buffer;
-  if (srclen >= 64) {
-    const chartype *const srcend64 = src + srclen - 64;
-    while (src <= srcend64) {
-      block64 b;
-      load_block(&b, src);
-      src += 64;
-      bool error = false;
-      uint64_t badcharmask = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b, &error);
-      if (error) {
-        src -= 64;
-        while (src < srcend && to_base64[uint8_t(*src)] <= 64) {
-          src++;
-        }
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      if (badcharmask != 0) {
-        // optimization opportunity: check for simple masks like those made of
-        // continuous 1s followed by continuous 0s. And masks containing a
-        // single bad character.
-        bufferptr += compress_block(&b, badcharmask, bufferptr);
-      } else if (bufferptr != buffer) {
-        copy_block(&b, bufferptr);
-        bufferptr += 64;
-      } else {
-        if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-          base64_decode_block_safe(dst, &b);
-        } else {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, &b);
-        }
-        dst += 48;
-      }
-      if (bufferptr >= (block_size - 1) * 64 + buffer) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < (block_size - 2); i++) {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + i * 64);
-          dst += 48;
-        }
-        if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-          base64_decode_block_safe(dst, buffer + (block_size - 2) * 64);
-        } else {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + (block_size - 2) * 64);
-        }
-        dst += 48;
-        std::memcpy(buffer, buffer + (block_size - 1) * 64,
-                    64); // 64 might be too much
-        bufferptr -= (block_size - 1) * 64;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  char *buffer_start = buffer;
-  // Optimization note: if this is almost full, then it is worth our
-  // time, otherwise, we should just decode directly.
-  int last_block = (int)((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64);
-  if (last_block != 0 && srcend - src + last_block >= 64) {
-
-    while ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0 && src < srcend) {
-      uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-      *bufferptr = char(val);
-      if (val > 64) {
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      bufferptr += (val <= 63);
-      src++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (; buffer_start + 64 <= bufferptr; buffer_start += 64) {
-    if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-      base64_decode_block_safe(dst, buffer_start);
-    } else {
-      base64_decode_block(dst, buffer_start);
-    }
-    dst += 48;
-  }
-  if ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0) {
-    while (buffer_start + 4 < bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 4);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    if (buffer_start + 4 <= bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    // we may have 1, 2 or 3 bytes left and we need to decode them so let us
-    // bring in src content
-    int leftover = int(bufferptr - buffer_start);
-    if (leftover > 0) {
-      while (leftover < 4 && src < srcend) {
-        uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-        if (val > 64) {
-          return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-        }
-        buffer_start[leftover] = char(val);
-        leftover += (val <= 63);
-        src++;
-      }
-
-      if (leftover == 1) {
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      if (leftover == 2) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        dst += 1;
-      } else if (leftover == 3) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        dst += 2;
-      } else {
-        uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                          << 8;
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-        dst += 3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (src < srcend + equalsigns) {
-    result r =
-        scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(dst, src, srcend - src, options);
-    if (r.error == error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) {
-      r.count += size_t(src - srcinit);
-      return r;
-    } else {
-      r.count += size_t(dst - dstinit);
-    }
-    if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-      // additional checks
-      if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-        r.error = error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER;
-      }
-    }
-    return r;
-  }
-  if(equalsigns > 0) {
-    if((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3 == 0) || ((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-  }
-  return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-}
-/* end file src/haswell/avx2_base64.cpp */
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-
-// Walks through a buffer in block-sized increments, loading the last part with spaces
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-struct buf_block_reader {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len);
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t block_index();
-  simdutf_really_inline bool has_full_block() const;
-  simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *full_block() const;
-  /**
-   * Get the last block, padded with spaces.
-   *
-   * There will always be a last block, with at least 1 byte, unless len == 0 (in which case this
-   * function fills the buffer with spaces and returns 0. In particular, if len == STEP_SIZE there
-   * will be 0 full_blocks and 1 remainder block with STEP_SIZE bytes and no spaces for padding.
-   *
-   * @return the number of effective characters in the last block.
-   */
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const;
-  simdutf_really_inline void advance();
-private:
-  const uint8_t *buf;
-  const size_t len;
-  const size_t lenminusstep;
-  size_t idx;
-};
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text_64(const uint8_t *text) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    buf[i] = int8_t(text[i]) < ' ' ? '_' : int8_t(text[i]);
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& in) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  in.store(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buf));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    if (buf[i] < ' ') { buf[i] = '_'; }
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-simdutf_unused static char * format_mask(uint64_t mask) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(64 + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<64; i++) {
-    buf[i] = (mask & (size_t(1) << i)) ? 'X' : ' ';
-  }
-  buf[64] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len) : buf{_buf}, len{_len}, lenminusstep{len < STEP_SIZE ? 0 : len - STEP_SIZE}, idx{0} {}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::block_index() { return idx; }
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline bool buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::has_full_block() const {
-  return idx < lenminusstep;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::full_block() const {
-  return &buf[idx];
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const {
-  if(len == idx) { return 0; } // memcpy(dst, null, 0) will trigger an error with some sanitizers
-  std::memset(dst, 0x20, STEP_SIZE); // std::memset STEP_SIZE because it's more efficient to write out 8 or 16 bytes at once.
-  std::memcpy(dst, buf + idx, len - idx);
-  return len - idx;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline void buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::advance() {
-  idx += STEP_SIZE;
-}
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-  //
-  // Return nonzero if there are incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the block:
-  // e.g. if there is a 4-byte character, but it's 3 bytes from the end.
-  //
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> is_incomplete(const simd8<uint8_t> input) {
-    // If the previous input's last 3 bytes match this, they're too short (they ended at EOF):
-    // ... 1111____ 111_____ 11______
-    static const uint8_t max_array[32] = {
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0b11110000u-1, 0b11100000u-1, 0b11000000u-1
-    };
-    const simd8<uint8_t> max_value(&max_array[sizeof(max_array)-sizeof(simd8<uint8_t>)]);
-    return input.gt_bits(max_value);
-  }
-
-  struct utf8_checker {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-    // The last input we received
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_input_block;
-    // Whether the last input we received was incomplete (used for ASCII fast path)
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_incomplete;
-
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-    // The only problem that can happen at EOF is that a multibyte character is too short
-    // or a byte value too large in the last bytes: check_special_cases only checks for bytes
-    // too large in the first of two bytes.
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_eof() {
-      // If the previous block had incomplete UTF-8 characters at the end, an ASCII block can't
-      // possibly finish them.
-      this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_next_input(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-      if(simdutf_likely(is_ascii(input))) {
-        this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-      } else {
-        // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-        static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-            "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-        if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-        } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-        }
-        this->prev_incomplete = is_incomplete(input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1]);
-        this->prev_input_block = input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1];
-
-      }
-    }
-
-    // do not forget to call check_eof!
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-
-using utf8_validation::utf8_checker;
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8.
- */
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    return !c.errors();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8 and stops on errors.
- */
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    size_t count{0};
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      if(c.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      }
-      reader.advance();
-      count += 64;
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    if (c.errors()) {
-      if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-      result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input) + count, length - count);
-      res.count += count;
-      return res;
-    } else {
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-    }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    uint8_t blocks[64]{};
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> running_or(blocks);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      running_or |= in;
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    running_or |= in;
-    return running_or.is_ascii();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-  buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-  size_t count{0};
-  while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-    if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-      result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-      return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-    }
-    reader.advance();
-
-    count += 64;
-  }
-  uint8_t block[64]{};
-  reader.get_remainder(block);
-  simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-  if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-    result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-    return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-  } else {
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-  }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-16
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-template <endianness endian>
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  // The implementation is not specific to haswell and should be moved to the generic directory.
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    // this loop could be unrolled further. For example, we could process the mask
-    // far more than 64 bytes.
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-      utf16_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path. We hope that the compiler will recognize that this is a slow path.
-      // Anything that is not a continuation mask is a 'leading byte', that is, the
-      // start of a new code point.
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-      uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-      // The *start* of code points is not so useful, rather, we want the *end* of code points.
-      uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-      // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-      // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-      // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-      size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-      // Next loop is going to run at least five times when using solely
-      // the slow/regular path, and at least four times if there are fast paths.
-      while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-        // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-        // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-        // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-        // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-        // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-        // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-        // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-        // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-        // it seriously harms performance.
-        //
-        // Thus we may allow convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16 to process
-        // more bytes at a time under a fast-path mode where 16 bytes
-        // are consumed at once (e.g., when encountering ASCII).
-        size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(input + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-        pos += consumed;
-        utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-      // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-      // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-      // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-      // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-    }
-  }
-  utf16_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endian>(input + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endian>(in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf16_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf16_output - start;
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf16_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-32
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-      utf32_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-    // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-    uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-    uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-    uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-    size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-    while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-      size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(input + pos,
-                          utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-      pos += consumed;
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  utf32_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf32
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf32_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf32_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf32_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-// other functions
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.gt(-65);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::count_code_points(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // We count one word for anything that is not a continuation (so
-      // leading bytes).
-      count += 64 - count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-      int64_t utf8_4byte = input.gteq_unsigned(240);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_4byte);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-} // utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf16.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t not_pair = input.not_in_range(0xDC00, 0xDFFF);
-      count += count_ones(not_pair) / 2;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t ascii_mask = input.lteq(0x7F);
-      uint64_t twobyte_mask = input.lteq(0x7FF);
-      uint64_t not_pair_mask = input.not_in_range(0xD800, 0xDFFF);
-
-      size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t twobyte_count = count_ones(twobyte_mask & ~ ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t threebyte_count = count_ones(not_pair_mask & ~ twobyte_mask) / 2;
-      size_t fourbyte_count = 32 - count_ones(not_pair_mask) / 2;
-      count += 2 * fourbyte_count + 3 * threebyte_count + 2 * twobyte_count + ascii_count;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    return count_code_points<big_endian>(in, size);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size, char16_t* output) {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  while (pos < size/32*32) {
-    simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-    input.swap_bytes();
-    input.store(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(output));
-    pos += 32;
-    output += 32;
-  }
-
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(in + pos, size - pos, output);
-}
-
-} // utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf16.h */
-
-
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to Latin 1
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// For UTF-8 to Latin 1, we can allow any ASCII character, and any continuation byte,
-// but the non-ASCII leading bytes must be 0b11000011 or 0b11000010 and nothing else.
-//
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t FORBIDDEN  = 0xff;
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      this->error |= check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-    }
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          latin1_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, latin1_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert_valid(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-  }
-}   // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-}   // unnamed namespace
-}   // namespace haswell
- // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace haswell {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  if (length % 2 == 0) {
-    return avx2_detect_encodings<utf8_validation::utf8_checker>(input, length);
-  } else {
-    if (implementation::validate_utf8(input, length)) {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-    } else {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return haswell::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return haswell::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return haswell::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return haswell::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = avx2_validate_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = avx2_validate_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::BIG>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = avx2_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = avx2_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t* tail = avx2_validate_utf32le(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf32::validate(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = avx2_validate_utf32le_with_errors(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32::validate_with_errors(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char*, char*> ret = avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf8_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf8::convert(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> ret = avx2_convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf32_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf32::convert(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-   return utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(input, size,  latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-   return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-   return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input, size,  utf32_output);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = avx2_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement a custom function
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: implement a custom function
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = avx2_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = haswell::avx2_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  utf16::change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return count_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::latin1_length_from_utf16(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::latin1_length_from_utf32(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf32_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char *input, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input);
-  size_t answer = len / sizeof(__m256i) * sizeof(__m256i);
-  size_t i = 0;
-  __m256i four_64bits = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  while (i + sizeof(__m256i) <= len) {
-    __m256i runner = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-    // We can do up to 255 loops without overflow.
-    size_t iterations = (len - i) / sizeof(__m256i);
-    if (iterations > 255) {
-      iterations = 255;
-    }
-    size_t max_i = i + iterations * sizeof(__m256i) - sizeof(__m256i);
-    for (; i + 4*sizeof(__m256i) <= max_i; i += 4*sizeof(__m256i)) {
-      __m256i input1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(data + i));
-      __m256i input2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(data + i + sizeof(__m256i)));
-      __m256i input3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(data + i + 2*sizeof(__m256i)));
-      __m256i input4 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(data + i + 3*sizeof(__m256i)));
-      __m256i input12 = _mm256_add_epi8(_mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_setzero_si256(), input1),
-              _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_setzero_si256(), input2));
-      __m256i input23 = _mm256_add_epi8(_mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_setzero_si256(), input3),
-              _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_setzero_si256(), input4));
-      __m256i input1234 = _mm256_add_epi8(input12, input23);
-      runner = _mm256_sub_epi8(
-          runner, input1234);
-    }
-    for (; i <= max_i; i += sizeof(__m256i)) {
-      __m256i input_256_chunk = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(data + i));
-      runner = _mm256_sub_epi8(
-          runner, _mm256_cmpgt_epi8(_mm256_setzero_si256(), input_256_chunk));
-    }
-    four_64bits = _mm256_add_epi64(
-        four_64bits, _mm256_sad_epu8(runner, _mm256_setzero_si256()));
-  }
-  answer += _mm256_extract_epi64(four_64bits, 0) +
-            _mm256_extract_epi64(four_64bits, 1) +
-            _mm256_extract_epi64(four_64bits, 2) +
-            _mm256_extract_epi64(four_64bits, 3);
-  return answer + scalar::latin1::utf8_length_from_latin1(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(data + i), len - i);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffffff80 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffffff80);
-  const __m256i v_fffff800 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xfffff800);
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 8 <= length; pos += 8) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(input + pos));
-    const __m256i ascii_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffffff80), v_00000000);
-    const __m256i one_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_fffff800), v_00000000);
-    const __m256i two_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_xor_si256(one_two_bytes_bytemask, ascii_bytes_bytemask);
-    const __m256i one_two_three_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const __m256i three_bytes_bytemask = _mm256_xor_si256(one_two_three_bytes_bytemask, one_two_bytes_bytemask);
-    const uint32_t ascii_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(ascii_bytes_bytemask));
-    const uint32_t two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(two_bytes_bytemask));
-    const uint32_t three_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(three_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(two_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    size_t three_bytes_count = count_ones(three_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    count += 32 - 3*ascii_count - 2*two_bytes_count - three_bytes_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const __m256i v_00000000 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
-  const __m256i v_ffff0000 = _mm256_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 8 <= length; pos += 8) {
-    __m256i in = _mm256_loadu_si256((__m256i*)(input + pos));
-    const __m256i surrogate_bytemask = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(_mm256_and_si256(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint32_t surrogate_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm256_movemask_epi8(surrogate_bytemask));
-    size_t surrogate_count = (32-count_ones(surrogate_bitmask))/4;
-    count += 8 + surrogate_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  if(options & base64_url) {
-    return encode_base64<base64_url>(output, input, length);
-  } else {
-    return encode_base64<base64_default>(output, input, length);
-  }
-}
-} // namespace haswell
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/haswell/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_HASWELL
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-
-#if SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE // workaround for https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105593
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-#endif // end of workaround
-/* end file src/simdutf/haswell/end.h */
-/* end file src/haswell/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_PPC64
-/* begin file src/ppc64/implementation.cpp */
-
-
-
-
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "ppc64"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION ppc64
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PPC64_H
-#error "ppc64.h must be included"
-#endif
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-  // careful: 0x80 is not ascii.
-  return input.reduce_or().saturating_sub(0b01111111u).bits_not_set_anywhere();
-}
-
-simdutf_unused simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev1, const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_second_byte = prev1.saturating_sub(0b11000000u-1); // Only 11______ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0b11100000u-1); // Only 111_____ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0b11110000u-1); // Only 1111____ will be > 0
-  // Caller requires a bool (all 1's). All values resulting from the subtraction will be <= 64, so signed comparison is fine.
-  return simd8<int8_t>(is_second_byte | is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte) > int8_t(0);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_2_3_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0xe0u-0x80); // Only 111_____ will be >= 0x80
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0xf0u-0x80); // Only 1111____ will be >= 0x80
-  // Caller requires a bool (all 1's). All values resulting from the subtraction will be <= 64, so signed comparison is fine.
-  return simd8<bool>(is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte);
-}
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-
-// Walks through a buffer in block-sized increments, loading the last part with spaces
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-struct buf_block_reader {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len);
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t block_index();
-  simdutf_really_inline bool has_full_block() const;
-  simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *full_block() const;
-  /**
-   * Get the last block, padded with spaces.
-   *
-   * There will always be a last block, with at least 1 byte, unless len == 0 (in which case this
-   * function fills the buffer with spaces and returns 0. In particular, if len == STEP_SIZE there
-   * will be 0 full_blocks and 1 remainder block with STEP_SIZE bytes and no spaces for padding.
-   *
-   * @return the number of effective characters in the last block.
-   */
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const;
-  simdutf_really_inline void advance();
-private:
-  const uint8_t *buf;
-  const size_t len;
-  const size_t lenminusstep;
-  size_t idx;
-};
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text_64(const uint8_t *text) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    buf[i] = int8_t(text[i]) < ' ' ? '_' : int8_t(text[i]);
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& in) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  in.store(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buf));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    if (buf[i] < ' ') { buf[i] = '_'; }
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-simdutf_unused static char * format_mask(uint64_t mask) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(64 + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<64; i++) {
-    buf[i] = (mask & (size_t(1) << i)) ? 'X' : ' ';
-  }
-  buf[64] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len) : buf{_buf}, len{_len}, lenminusstep{len < STEP_SIZE ? 0 : len - STEP_SIZE}, idx{0} {}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::block_index() { return idx; }
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline bool buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::has_full_block() const {
-  return idx < lenminusstep;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::full_block() const {
-  return &buf[idx];
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const {
-  if(len == idx) { return 0; } // memcpy(dst, null, 0) will trigger an error with some sanitizers
-  std::memset(dst, 0x20, STEP_SIZE); // std::memset STEP_SIZE because it's more efficient to write out 8 or 16 bytes at once.
-  std::memcpy(dst, buf + idx, len - idx);
-  return len - idx;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline void buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::advance() {
-  idx += STEP_SIZE;
-}
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-  //
-  // Return nonzero if there are incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the block:
-  // e.g. if there is a 4-byte character, but it's 3 bytes from the end.
-  //
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> is_incomplete(const simd8<uint8_t> input) {
-    // If the previous input's last 3 bytes match this, they're too short (they ended at EOF):
-    // ... 1111____ 111_____ 11______
-    static const uint8_t max_array[32] = {
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0b11110000u-1, 0b11100000u-1, 0b11000000u-1
-    };
-    const simd8<uint8_t> max_value(&max_array[sizeof(max_array)-sizeof(simd8<uint8_t>)]);
-    return input.gt_bits(max_value);
-  }
-
-  struct utf8_checker {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-    // The last input we received
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_input_block;
-    // Whether the last input we received was incomplete (used for ASCII fast path)
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_incomplete;
-
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-    // The only problem that can happen at EOF is that a multibyte character is too short
-    // or a byte value too large in the last bytes: check_special_cases only checks for bytes
-    // too large in the first of two bytes.
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_eof() {
-      // If the previous block had incomplete UTF-8 characters at the end, an ASCII block can't
-      // possibly finish them.
-      this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_next_input(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-      if(simdutf_likely(is_ascii(input))) {
-        this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-      } else {
-        // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-        static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-            "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-        if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-        } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-        }
-        this->prev_incomplete = is_incomplete(input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1]);
-        this->prev_input_block = input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1];
-
-      }
-    }
-
-    // do not forget to call check_eof!
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-
-using utf8_validation::utf8_checker;
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8.
- */
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    return !c.errors();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8 and stops on errors.
- */
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    size_t count{0};
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      if(c.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      }
-      reader.advance();
-      count += 64;
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    if (c.errors()) {
-      if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-      result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input) + count, length - count);
-      res.count += count;
-      return res;
-    } else {
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-    }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    uint8_t blocks[64]{};
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> running_or(blocks);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      running_or |= in;
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    running_or |= in;
-    return running_or.is_ascii();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-  buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-  size_t count{0};
-  while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-    if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-      result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-      return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-    }
-    reader.advance();
-
-    count += 64;
-  }
-  uint8_t block[64]{};
-  reader.get_remainder(block);
-  simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-  if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-    result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-    return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-  } else {
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-  }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-16
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-template <endianness endian>
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  // The implementation is not specific to haswell and should be moved to the generic directory.
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    // this loop could be unrolled further. For example, we could process the mask
-    // far more than 64 bytes.
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-      utf16_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path. We hope that the compiler will recognize that this is a slow path.
-      // Anything that is not a continuation mask is a 'leading byte', that is, the
-      // start of a new code point.
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-      uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-      // The *start* of code points is not so useful, rather, we want the *end* of code points.
-      uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-      // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-      // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-      // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-      size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-      // Next loop is going to run at least five times when using solely
-      // the slow/regular path, and at least four times if there are fast paths.
-      while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-        // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-        // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-        // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-        // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-        // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-        // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-        // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-        // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-        // it seriously harms performance.
-        //
-        // Thus we may allow convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16 to process
-        // more bytes at a time under a fast-path mode where 16 bytes
-        // are consumed at once (e.g., when encountering ASCII).
-        size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(input + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-        pos += consumed;
-        utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-      // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-      // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-      // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-      // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-    }
-  }
-  utf16_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endian>(input + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endian>(in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf16_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf16_output - start;
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf16_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-32
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-      utf32_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-    // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-    uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-    uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-    uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-    size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-    while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-      size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(input + pos,
-                          utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-      pos += consumed;
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  utf32_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf32
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf32_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf32_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf32_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-// other functions
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.gt(-65);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::count_code_points(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // We count one word for anything that is not a continuation (so
-      // leading bytes).
-      count += 64 - count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-      int64_t utf8_4byte = input.gteq_unsigned(240);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_4byte);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-} // utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf16.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t not_pair = input.not_in_range(0xDC00, 0xDFFF);
-      count += count_ones(not_pair) / 2;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t ascii_mask = input.lteq(0x7F);
-      uint64_t twobyte_mask = input.lteq(0x7FF);
-      uint64_t not_pair_mask = input.not_in_range(0xD800, 0xDFFF);
-
-      size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t twobyte_count = count_ones(twobyte_mask & ~ ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t threebyte_count = count_ones(not_pair_mask & ~ twobyte_mask) / 2;
-      size_t fourbyte_count = 32 - count_ones(not_pair_mask) / 2;
-      count += 2 * fourbyte_count + 3 * threebyte_count + 2 * twobyte_count + ascii_count;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    return count_code_points<big_endian>(in, size);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size, char16_t* output) {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  while (pos < size/32*32) {
-    simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-    input.swap_bytes();
-    input.store(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(output));
-    pos += 32;
-    output += 32;
-  }
-
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(in + pos, size - pos, output);
-}
-
-} // utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf16.h */
-
-//
-// Implementation-specific overrides
-//
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace ppc64 {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  int out = 0;
-  if(validate_utf8(input, length)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF8; }
-  if((length % 2) == 0) {
-    if(validate_utf16(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(input), length/2)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF16_LE; }
-  }
-  if((length % 4) == 0) {
-    if(validate_utf32(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(input), length/4)) { out |= encoding_type::UTF32_LE; }
-  }
-
-  return out;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return ppc64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return ppc64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return ppc64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return ppc64::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::validate_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::validate(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return result(error_code::OTHER, 0); // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return result(error_code::OTHER, 0); // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char16_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char32_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char32_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return result(error_code::OTHER, 0); // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* /*buf*/, size_t /*len*/, char32_t* /*utf16_output*/) const noexcept {
-  return 0; // stub
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_valid(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};;
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::binary_to_base64(input, length, output, options);
-}
-} // namespace ppc64
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/ppc64/end.h */
-/* end file src/simdutf/ppc64/end.h */
-/* end file src/ppc64/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_RVV
-/* begin file src/rvv/implementation.cpp */
-
-
-
-
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "rvv"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION rvv
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_RVV
-#endif
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace rvv {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_RVV_H
-#error "rvv.h must be included"
-#endif
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace rvv
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-//
-// Implementation-specific overrides
-//
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace rvv {
-
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_length_from.inl.cpp */
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return utf32_length_from_utf16le(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return utf32_length_from_utf16be(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return utf32_length_from_utf8(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return utf32_length_from_utf8(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return len;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return len;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return len;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return len;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m8(len);
-    vint8m8_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m8((int8_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool1_t mask = __riscv_vmsgt_vx_i8m8_b1(v, -65, vl);
-    count += __riscv_vcpop_m_b1(mask, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t *src, size_t len) {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    v = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v, vl);
-    vbool2_t notHigh = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(
-            __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0xDFFF, vl),
-            __riscv_vmsltu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0xDC00, vl), vl);
-    count += __riscv_vcpop_m_b2(notHigh, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf32_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf32_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf32_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = len;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m8(len);
-    vint8m8_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m8((int8_t*)src, vl);
-    count += __riscv_vcpop_m_b1(__riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m8_b1(v, 0, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t *src, size_t len) {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    v = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v, vl);
-    vbool2_t m234 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0x7F, vl);
-    vbool2_t m34 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0x7FF, vl);
-    vbool2_t notSur = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(
-            __riscv_vmsltu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0xD800, vl),
-            __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 0xDFFF, vl), vl);
-    vbool2_t m3 = __riscv_vmand_mm_b2(m34, notSur, vl);
-    count += vl + __riscv_vcpop_m_b2(m234, vl) + __riscv_vcpop_m_b2(m3, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf8_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf8_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf8_length_from_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(len);
-    vuint32m8_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool4_t m234 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 0x7F, vl);
-    vbool4_t m34  = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 0x7FF, vl);
-    vbool4_t m4   = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 0xFFFF, vl);
-    count += vl + __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m234, vl) + __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m34, vl) + __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m4, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m8(len);
-    vint8m8_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m8((int8_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool1_t m1234 = __riscv_vmsgt_vx_i8m8_b1(v, -65, vl);
-    vbool1_t m4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m8_b1(
-            __riscv_vreinterpret_u8m8(v), (uint8_t)0b11101111, vl);
-    count += __riscv_vcpop_m_b1(m1234, vl) + __riscv_vcpop_m_b1(m4, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(len);
-    vuint32m8_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool4_t m4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 0xFFFF, vl);
-    count += vl + __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m4, vl);
-  }
-  return count;
-}
-
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_length_from.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_validate.inl.cpp */
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t vlmax = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m8();
-  vint8m8_t mask = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i8m8(0, vlmax);
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m8(len);
-    vint8m8_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m8((int8_t*)src, vl);
-    mask = __riscv_vor_vv_i8m8_tu(mask, mask, v, vl);
-  }
-  return __riscv_vfirst_m_b1(__riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m8_b1(mask, 0, vlmax), vlmax) < 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char *beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m8(len);
-    vint8m8_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m8((int8_t*)src, vl);
-    long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b1(__riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m8_b1(v, 0, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, src - beg + idx);
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, src - beg);
-}
-
-/* Returns a close estimation of the number of valid UTF-8 bytes up to the
- * first invalid one, but never overestimating. */
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_count_valid_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) {
-  const char *beg = src;
-  if (len < 32) return 0;
-
-  /* validate first three bytes */
-  {
-    size_t idx = 3;
-    while (idx < len && (src[idx] >> 6) == 0b10)
-      ++idx;
-    if (idx > 3+3 || !scalar::utf8::validate(src, idx))
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  static const uint64_t err1m[] = { 0x0202020202020202, 0x4915012180808080 };
-  static const uint64_t err2m[] = { 0xCBCBCB8B8383A3E7, 0xCBCBDBCBCBCBCBCB };
-  static const uint64_t err3m[] = { 0x0101010101010101, 0X01010101BABAAEE6 };
-
-  const vuint8m1_t err1tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err1m, 2));
-  const vuint8m1_t err2tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err2m, 2));
-  const vuint8m1_t err3tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err3m, 2));
-
-  size_t tail = 3;
-  size_t n = len - tail;
-
-  for (size_t vl; n > 0; n -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m4(n);
-    vuint8m4_t v0 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m4((uint8_t const*)src, vl);
-
-    uint8_t next0 = src[vl+0];
-    uint8_t next1 = src[vl+1];
-    uint8_t next2 = src[vl+2];
-
-    /* fast path: ASCII */
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b2(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m4_b2(v0, 0b01111111, vl), vl) < 0 && (next0|next1|next2) < 0b10000000)
-      continue;
-
-    /* see "Validating UTF-8 In Less Than One Instruction Per Byte"
-     * https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03090 */
-    vuint8m4_t v1 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m4(v0, next0, vl);
-    vuint8m4_t v2 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m4(v1, next1, vl);
-    vuint8m4_t v3 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m4(v2, next2, vl);
-
-    vuint8m4_t s1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m4_u8m4(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m4_u16m4(v2), 4, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4()));
-    vuint8m4_t s3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m4_u8m4(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m4_u16m4(v3), 4, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m4()));
-
-    vuint8m4_t idx2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m4(v2, 0xF, vl);
-    vuint8m4_t idx1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m4(s1, 0xF, vl);
-    vuint8m4_t idx3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m4(s3, 0xF, vl);
-
-    vuint8m4_t err1 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x4(err1tbl, idx1);
-    vuint8m4_t err2 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x4(err2tbl, idx2);
-    vuint8m4_t err3 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x4(err3tbl, idx3);
-    vint8m4_t errs = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m4_i8m4(__riscv_vand_vv_u8m4(__riscv_vand_vv_u8m4(err1, err2, vl), err3, vl));
-
-    vbool2_t is_3 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m4_b2(v1, 0b11100000-1, vl);
-    vbool2_t is_4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m4_b2(v0, 0b11110000-1, vl);
-    vbool2_t is_34 = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(is_3, is_4, vl);
-    vbool2_t err34 = __riscv_vmxor_mm_b2(is_34, __riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m4_b2(errs, 0, vl), vl);
-    vbool2_t errm = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(__riscv_vmsgt_vx_i8m4_b2(errs, 0, vl), err34, vl);
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b2(errm , vl) >= 0)
-      break;
-  }
-
-  /* we need to validate the last character */
-  while (tail < len && (src[0] >> 6) == 0b10) --src, ++tail;
-  return src - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = rvv_count_valid_utf8(src, len);
-  return scalar::utf8::validate(src + count, len - count);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t count = rvv_count_valid_utf8(src, len);
-  result res = scalar::utf8::validate_with_errors(src + count, len - count);
-  return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return validate_utf16le_with_errors(src, len).error == error_code::SUCCESS;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return validate_utf16be_with_errors(src, len).error == error_code::SUCCESS;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static result rvv_validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len) {
-  const char16_t *beg = src;
-  uint16_t last = 0;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, last = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[-1])) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v1 = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((const uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    v1 = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v1, vl);
-    vuint16m8_t v0 = __riscv_vslide1up_vx_u16m8(v1, last, vl);
-
-    vbool2_t surhi = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m8_b2(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m8(v0, 0xFC00, vl), 0xD800, vl);
-    vbool2_t surlo = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m8_b2(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m8(v1, 0xFC00, vl), 0xDC00, vl);
-
-    long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b2(__riscv_vmxor_mm_b2(surhi, surlo, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) {
-      last = idx > 0 ? simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[idx-1]) : last;
-      return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - beg + idx - (last - 0xD800u < 0x400u));
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if (last - 0xD800u < 0x400u)
-    return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - beg - 1); /* end on high surrogate */
-  else
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, src - beg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_validate_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_validate_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len);
-  else
-    return rvv_validate_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  size_t vlmax = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
-  vuint32m8_t max    = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m8(0x10FFFF, vlmax);
-  vuint32m8_t maxOff = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m8(0xFFFFF7FF, vlmax);
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(len);
-    vuint32m8_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    vuint32m8_t off = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m8(v, 0xFFFF2000, vl);
-    max    = __riscv_vmaxu_vv_u32m8_tu(max, max, v, vl);
-    maxOff = __riscv_vmaxu_vv_u32m8_tu(maxOff, maxOff, off, vl);
-  }
-  return __riscv_vfirst_m_b4(__riscv_vmor_mm_b4(
-             __riscv_vmsne_vx_u32m8_b4(max, 0x10FFFF, vlmax),
-             __riscv_vmsne_vx_u32m8_b4(maxOff, 0xFFFFF7FF, vlmax), vlmax), vlmax) < 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t *beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(len);
-    vuint32m8_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    vuint32m8_t off = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m8(v, 0xFFFF2000, vl);
-    long idx;
-    idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b4(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 0x10FFFF, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, src - beg + idx);
-    idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b4(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(off, 0xFFFFF7FF, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - beg + idx);
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, src - beg);
-}
-
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_validate.inl.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_latin1_to.inl.cpp */
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  char *beg = dst;
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(len);
-    vuint8m2_t v1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool4_t nascii = __riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m2_b4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(v1), 0, vl);
-    size_t cnt = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(nascii, vl);
-    vlOut = vl + cnt;
-    if (cnt == 0) {
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, v1, vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    vuint8m2_t v0 = __riscv_vor_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m2(v1, 6, vl), 0b11000000, vl);
-    v1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2_mu(nascii, v1, v1, 0b10111111, vl);
-
-    vuint8m4_t wide = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m4_u8m4(__riscv_vwmaccu_vx_u16m4(__riscv_vwaddu_vv_u16m4(v0, v1, vl), 0xFF, v1, vl));
-    vbool2_t mask = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m4_b2(__riscv_vsub_vx_u8m4(wide, 0b11000000, vl*2), 1, vl*2);
-    vuint8m4_t comp = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m4(wide, mask, vl*2);
-
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, comp, vlOut);
-  }
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  char16_t *beg = dst;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m4(len);
-    vuint8m4_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m8(v, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  char16_t *beg = dst;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m4(len);
-    vuint8m4_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)dst, __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m8(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m8(v, vl), 8, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  char32_t *beg = dst;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(len);
-    vuint8m2_t v = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf4_u32m8(v, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_latin1_to.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_utf8_to.inl.cpp */
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_utf32_store_utf16_m4(uint16_t *dst, vuint32m4_t utf32, size_t vl, vbool4_t m4even) {
-  /* convert [000000000000aaaa|aaaaaabbbbbbbbbb]
-   * to      [110111bbbbbbbbbb|110110aaaaaaaaaa] */
-  vuint32m4_t sur = __riscv_vsub_vx_u32m4(utf32, 0x10000, vl);
-  sur = __riscv_vor_vv_u32m4(__riscv_vsll_vx_u32m4(sur, 16, vl),
-                             __riscv_vsrl_vx_u32m4(sur, 10, vl), vl);
-  sur = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m4(sur, 0x3FF03FF, vl);
-  sur = __riscv_vor_vx_u32m4(sur, 0xDC00D800, vl);
-  /* merge 1 byte utf32 and 2 byte sur */
-  vbool8_t m4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(utf32, 0xFFFF, vl);
-  vuint16m4_t utf32_16 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m4_u16m4(__riscv_vmerge_vvm_u32m4(utf32, sur, m4, vl));
-  /* compress and store */
-  vbool4_t mOut = __riscv_vmor_mm_b4(__riscv_vmsne_vx_u16m4_b4(utf32_16, 0, vl*2), m4even, vl*2);
-  vuint16m4_t vout = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u16m4(utf32_16, mOut, vl*2);
-  vl = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(mOut, vl*2);
-  __riscv_vse16_v_u16m4(dst, simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(vout, vl), vl);
-  return vl;
-};
-
-template<typename Tdst, simdutf_ByteFlip bflip, bool validate=true>
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_utf8_to_common(char const *src, size_t len, Tdst *dst) {
-  static_assert(std::is_same<Tdst, uint16_t>() || std::is_same<Tdst, uint32_t>(), "invalid type");
-  constexpr bool is16 = std::is_same<Tdst, uint16_t>();
-  constexpr endianness endian = bflip == simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE ? endianness::LITTLE : endianness::BIG;
-  const auto scalar = [](char const *in, size_t count, Tdst *out) {
-    return is16 ? scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endian>(in, count, (char16_t*)out)
-                : scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(in, count, (char32_t*)out);
-  };
-
-  if (len < 32) return scalar(src, len, dst);
-
-  /* validate first three bytes */
-  if (validate) {
-    size_t idx = 3;
-    while (idx < len && (src[idx] >> 6) == 0b10)
-      ++idx;
-    if (idx > 3+3 || !scalar::utf8::validate(src, idx))
-      return 0;
-  }
-
-  size_t tail = 3;
-  size_t n = len - tail;
-  Tdst *beg = dst;
-
-  static const uint64_t err1m[] = { 0x0202020202020202, 0x4915012180808080 };
-  static const uint64_t err2m[] = { 0xCBCBCB8B8383A3E7, 0xCBCBDBCBCBCBCBCB };
-  static const uint64_t err3m[] = { 0x0101010101010101, 0X01010101BABAAEE6 };
-
-  const vuint8m1_t err1tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err1m, 2));
-  const vuint8m1_t err2tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err2m, 2));
-  const vuint8m1_t err3tbl = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u64m1_u8m1(__riscv_vle64_v_u64m1(err3m, 2));
-
-  size_t vl8m2 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m2();
-  vbool4_t m4even = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vid_v_u8m2(vl8m2), 1, vl8m2), 0, vl8m2);
-
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; n > 0; n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(n);
-
-    vuint8m2_t v0 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2((uint8_t const*)src, vl);
-    uint64_t max = __riscv_vmv_x_s_u8m1_u8(__riscv_vredmaxu_vs_u8m2_u8m1(v0, __riscv_vmv_s_x_u8m1(0, vl), vl));
-
-    uint8_t next0 = src[vl+0];
-    uint8_t next1 = src[vl+1];
-    uint8_t next2 = src[vl+2];
-
-    /* fast path: ASCII */
-    if ((max|next0|next1|next2) < 0b10000000) {
-      vlOut = vl;
-      if (is16) __riscv_vse16_v_u16m4((uint16_t*)dst, simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m4(v0, vlOut), vlOut), vlOut);
-      else      __riscv_vse32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf4_u32m8(v0, vlOut), vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    /* see "Validating UTF-8 In Less Than One Instruction Per Byte"
-     * https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03090 */
-    vuint8m2_t v1 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m2(v0, next0, vl);
-    vuint8m2_t v2 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m2(v1, next1, vl);
-    vuint8m2_t v3 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u8m2(v2, next2, vl);
-
-    if (validate) {
-      vuint8m2_t s1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_u16m2(v2), 4, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2()));
-      vuint8m2_t s3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_u16m2(v3), 4, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e16m2()));
-
-      vuint8m2_t idx2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(v2, 0xF, vl);
-      vuint8m2_t idx1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(s1, 0xF, vl);
-      vuint8m2_t idx3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(s3, 0xF, vl);
-
-      vuint8m2_t err1 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x2(err1tbl, idx1);
-      vuint8m2_t err2 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x2(err2tbl, idx2);
-      vuint8m2_t err3 = simdutf_vrgather_u8m1x2(err3tbl, idx3);
-      vint8m2_t errs = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(__riscv_vand_vv_u8m2(__riscv_vand_vv_u8m2(err1, err2, vl), err3, vl));
-
-      vbool4_t is_3 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(v1, 0b11100000-1, vl);
-      vbool4_t is_4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(v0, 0b11110000-1, vl);
-      vbool4_t is_34 = __riscv_vmor_mm_b4(is_3, is_4, vl);
-      vbool4_t err34 = __riscv_vmxor_mm_b4(is_34, __riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m2_b4(errs, 0, vl), vl);
-      vbool4_t errm = __riscv_vmor_mm_b4(__riscv_vmsgt_vx_i8m2_b4(errs, 0, vl), err34, vl);
-      if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b4(errm , vl) >= 0)
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    /* decoding */
-
-    /* mask of non continuation bytes */
-    vbool4_t m = __riscv_vmsgt_vx_i8m2_b4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(v0), -65, vl);
-    vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m, vl);
-
-    /* extract first and second bytes */
-    vuint8m2_t b1 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v0, m, vl);
-    vuint8m2_t b2 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v1, m, vl);
-
-    /* fast path: one and two byte */
-    if (max < 0b11100000) {
-      b2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(b2, 0b00111111, vlOut);
-
-      vbool4_t m1 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(b1, 0b10111111, vlOut);
-      b1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2_mu(m1, b1, b1, 63, vlOut);
-
-      vuint16m4_t b12 = __riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m4(b1, __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u8m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u8m2(1, vlOut), 1<<6, m1, vlOut), vlOut);
-      b12 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u16m4_mu(m1, b12, b12, b2, vlOut);
-      if (is16) __riscv_vse16_v_u16m4((uint16_t*)dst, simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(b12, vlOut), vlOut);
-      else      __riscv_vse32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m8(b12, vlOut), vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    /* fast path: one, two and three byte */
-    if (max < 0b11110000) {
-      vuint8m2_t b3 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v2, m, vl);
-
-      b2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(b2, 0b00111111, vlOut);
-      b3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(b3, 0b00111111, vlOut);
-
-      vbool4_t m1 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(b1, 0b10111111, vlOut);
-      vbool4_t m3 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(b1, 0b11011111, vlOut);
-
-      vuint8m2_t t1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2_mu(m1, b1, b1, 63, vlOut);
-      b1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m2_mu(m3, t1, b1, 15, vlOut);
-
-      vuint16m4_t b12 = __riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m4(b1, __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u8m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u8m2(1, vlOut), 1<<6, m1, vlOut), vlOut);
-      b12 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u16m4_mu(m1, b12, b12, b2, vlOut);
-      vuint16m4_t b123 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u16m4_mu(m3, b12, __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m4_mu(m3, b12, b12, 6, vlOut), b3, vlOut);
-      if (is16) __riscv_vse16_v_u16m4((uint16_t*)dst, simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(b123, vlOut), vlOut);
-      else      __riscv_vse32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m8(b123, vlOut), vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    /* extract third and fourth bytes */
-    vuint8m2_t b3 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v2, m, vl);
-    vuint8m2_t b4 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v3, m, vl);
-
-    #define SIMDUTF_RVV_UTF8_TO_COMMON_M1(idx) \
-      vuint8m1_t c1 = __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(b1, idx); \
-      vuint8m1_t c2 = __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(b2, idx); \
-      vuint8m1_t c3 = __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(b3, idx); \
-      vuint8m1_t c4 = __riscv_vget_v_u8m2_u8m1(b4, idx); \
-      /* remove prefix from trailing bytes */ \
-      c2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(c2, 0b00111111, vlOut); \
-      c3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(c3, 0b00111111, vlOut); \
-      c4 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(c4, 0b00111111, vlOut); \
-      /* remove prefix from leading bytes
-       *
-       * We could also use vrgather here, but it increases register pressure,
-       * and its performance varies widely on current platforms. It might be
-       * worth reconsidering, though, once there is more hardware available.
-       * Same goes for the __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m4 correction step.
-       *
-       * We shift left and then right by the number of bytes in the prefix,
-       * which can be calculated as follows:
-       *         x                                max(x-10, 0)
-       * 0xxx -> 0000-0111 -> sift by 0 or 1   -> 0
-       * 10xx -> 1000-1011 -> don't care
-       * 110x -> 1100,1101 -> sift by 3        -> 2,3
-       * 1110 -> 1110      -> sift by 4        -> 4
-       * 1111 -> 1111      -> sift by 5        -> 5
-       *
-       * vssubu.vx v, 10, (max(x-10, 0)) almost gives us what we want, we
-       * just need to manually detect and handle the one special case:
-       */ \
-      vuint8m1_t shift = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(c1, 4, vlOut); \
-      shift = __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u8m1(__riscv_vssubu_vx_u8m1(shift, 10, vlOut), 3, __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m1_b8(shift, 12, vlOut), vlOut); \
-      c1 = __riscv_vsll_vv_u8m1(c1, shift, vlOut); \
-      c1 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u8m1(c1, shift, vlOut); \
-      /* unconditionally widen and combine to c1234 */ \
-      vuint16m2_t c34 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(c3, 1<<6, vlOut), c4, vlOut); \
-      vuint16m2_t c12 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u16m2(c1, 1<<6, vlOut), c2, vlOut); \
-      vuint32m4_t c1234 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u32m4(__riscv_vwmulu_vx_u32m4(c12, 1 << 12, vlOut), c34, vlOut); \
-      /* derive required right-shift amount from `shift` to reduce
-       * c1234 to the required number of bytes */ \
-      c1234 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m4(c1234, __riscv_vzext_vf4_u32m4(__riscv_vmul_vx_u8m1( \
-              __riscv_vrsub_vx_u8m1( __riscv_vssubu_vx_u8m1(shift, 2, vlOut), 3, vlOut), 6, vlOut), vlOut), vlOut); \
-      /* store result in desired format */ \
-      if (is16) vlDst = rvv_utf32_store_utf16_m4<bflip>((uint16_t*)dst, c1234, vlOut, m4even); \
-      else      vlDst = vlOut, __riscv_vse32_v_u32m4((uint32_t*)dst, c1234, vlOut);
-
-    /* Unrolling this manually reduces register pressure and allows
-     * us to terminate early. */
-    {
-      size_t vlOutm2 = vlOut, vlDst;
-      vlOut = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(vlOut);
-      SIMDUTF_RVV_UTF8_TO_COMMON_M1(0)
-      if (vlOutm2 == vlOut) {
-        vlOut = vlDst;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      dst += vlDst;
-      vlOut = vlOutm2 - vlOut;
-    }
-    {
-      size_t vlDst;
-      SIMDUTF_RVV_UTF8_TO_COMMON_M1(1)
-      vlOut = vlDst;
-    }
-
-#undef SIMDUTF_RVV_UTF8_TO_COMMON_M1
-  }
-
-  /* validate the last character and reparse it + tail */
-  if (len > tail) {
-    if ((src[0] >> 6) == 0b10)
-      --dst;
-    while ((src[0] >> 6) == 0b10 && tail < len)
-      --src, ++tail;
-    if (is16) {
-      /* go back one more, when on high surrogate */
-      if (simdutf_byteflip<bflip>((uint16_t)dst[-1]) >= 0xD800 && simdutf_byteflip<bflip>((uint16_t)dst[-1]) <= 0xDBFF)
-        --dst;
-    }
-  }
-  size_t ret = scalar(src, tail, dst);
-  if (ret == 0) return 0;
-  return (size_t)(dst - beg) + ret;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  const char *beg = dst;
-  uint8_t last = 0b10000000;
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut, last = src[-1]) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(len);
-    vuint8m2_t v1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool4_t m = __riscv_vmsltu_vx_u8m2_b4(v1, 0b11000000, vl);
-    vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m, vl);
-    if (vlOut != vl || last > 0b01111111) {
-      vuint8m2_t v0 = __riscv_vslide1up_vx_u8m2(v1, last, vl);
-
-      vbool4_t leading0  = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(v0, 0b10111111, vl);
-      vbool4_t trailing1 = __riscv_vmslt_vx_i8m2_b4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m2_i8m2(v1), (uint8_t)0b11000000, vl);
-      vbool4_t tobig = __riscv_vmand_mm_b4(leading0, __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vxor_vx_u8m2(v0, (uint8_t)-62, vl), 1, vl), vl);
-      if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b4(__riscv_vmor_mm_b4(tobig, __riscv_vmxor_mm_b4(leading0, trailing1, vl), vl), vl) >= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-      v1 = __riscv_vor_vx_u8m2_mu(__riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m2_b4(v0, 0b11000011, vl), v1, v1, 0b01000000, vl);
-      v1 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v1, m, vl);
-    }
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, v1, vlOut);
-  }
-  if (last > 0b10111111)
-    return 0;
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  size_t res = convert_utf8_to_latin1(src, len, dst);
-  if (res) return result(error_code::SUCCESS, res);
-  return scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  const char *beg = dst;
-  uint8_t last = 0b11000000;
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut, last = src[-1]) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(len);
-    vuint8m2_t v1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)src, vl);
-    vbool4_t m = __riscv_vmsltu_vx_u8m2_b4(v1, 0b11000000, vl);
-    vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(m, vl);
-    if (vlOut != vl || last > 0b01111111) {
-      vuint8m2_t v0 = __riscv_vslide1up_vx_u8m2(v1, last, vl);
-      v1 = __riscv_vor_vx_u8m2_mu(__riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m2_b4(v0, 0b11000011, vl), v1, v1, 0b01000000, vl);
-      v1 = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(v1, m, vl);
-    }
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, v1, vlOut);
-  }
-  return dst - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  size_t res = convert_utf8_to_utf16le(src, len, dst);
-  if (res) return result(error_code::SUCCESS, res);
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  size_t res = convert_utf8_to_utf16be(src, len, dst);
-  if (res) return result(error_code::SUCCESS, res);
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE, false>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB, false>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint16_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::V, false>(src, len, (uint16_t*)dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint32_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, (uint32_t*)dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  size_t res = convert_utf8_to_utf32(src, len, dst);
-  if (res) return result(error_code::SUCCESS, res);
-  return scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf8_to_common<uint32_t, simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE, false>(src, len, (uint32_t*)dst);
-}
-
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_utf8_to.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_utf16_to.inl.cpp */
-#include <cstdio>
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static result rvv_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) {
-  const char16_t *const beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    v = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v, vl);
-    long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b2(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m8_b2(v, 255, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0)
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, beg - src + idx);
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8m4(v, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, src - beg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t *const beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8m4(v, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return src - beg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t *const beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vnsrl_wx_u8m4(v, 8, vl), vl);
-  }
-  return src - beg;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static result rvv_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) {
-  size_t n = len;
-  const char16_t *srcBeg = src;
-  const char *dstBeg = dst;
-  size_t vl8m4 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m4();
-  vbool2_t m4mulp2 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m4_b2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m4(__riscv_vid_v_u8m4(vl8m4), 3, vl8m4), 2, vl8m4);
-
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; n > 0; ) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n);
-
-    vuint16m2_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m2((uint16_t const*)src, vl);
-    v = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v, vl);
-    vbool8_t m234 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m2_b8(v, 0x80-1, vl);
-
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(m234,vl) < 0) { /* 1 byte utf8 */
-      vlOut = vl;
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m1((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8m1(v, vlOut), vlOut);
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    vbool8_t m34  = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u16m2_b8(v, 0x800-1, vl);
-
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(m34,vl) < 0) { /* 1/2 byte utf8 */
-      /* 0: [     aaa|aabbbbbb]
-       * 1: [aabbbbbb|        ] vsll 8
-       * 2: [        |   aaaaa] vsrl 6
-       * 3: [00111111|00011111]
-       * 4: [  bbbbbb|000aaaaa] (1|2)&3
-       * 5: [11000000|11000000]
-       * 6: [10bbbbbb|110aaaaa] 4|5 */
-      vuint16m2_t twoByte  =
-        __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vor_vv_u16m2(
-          __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(v, 8, vl),
-          __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(v, 6, vl),
-        vl), 0b0011111100011111, vl);
-      vuint16m2_t vout16 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(m234, v, twoByte, 0b1000000011000000, vl);
-      vuint8m2_t vout = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(vout16);
-
-      /* Every high byte that is zero should be compressed
-       * low bytes should never be compressed, so we set them
-       * to all ones, and then create a non-zero bytes mask */
-      vbool4_t mcomp = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(__riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(vout16, 0xFF, vl)), 0, vl*2);
-      vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(mcomp, vl*2);
-
-      vout = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(vout, mcomp, vl*2);
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, vout, vlOut);
-
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    vbool8_t sur = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m2_b8(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v, 0xF800, vl), 0xD800, vl);
-    long first = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(sur, vl);
-    size_t tail = vl - first;
-    vl = first < 0 ? vl : first;
-
-    if (vl > 0) { /* 1/2/3 byte utf8 */
-      /* in: [aaaabbbb|bbcccccc]
-       * v1: [0bcccccc|        ] vsll  8
-       * v1: [10cccccc|        ] vsll  8 & 0b00111111 | 0b10000000
-       * v2: [        |110bbbbb] vsrl  6 & 0b00111111 | 0b11000000
-       * v2: [        |10bbbbbb] vsrl  6 & 0b00111111 | 0b10000000
-       * v3: [        |1110aaaa] vsrl 12 | 0b11100000
-       *  1: [00000000|0bcccccc|00000000|00000000] => [0bcccccc]
-       *  2: [00000000|10cccccc|110bbbbb|00000000] => [110bbbbb] [10cccccc]
-       *  3: [00000000|10cccccc|10bbbbbb|1110aaaa] => [1110aaaa] [10bbbbbb] [10cccccc]
-       */
-      vuint16m2_t v1, v2, v3, v12;
-      v1 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(m234, v, __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v, 0b00111111, vl), 0b10000000, vl);
-      v1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(v1, 8, vl);
-
-      v2 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(v, 6, vl), 0b00111111, vl), 0b10000000, vl);
-      v2 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(__riscv_vmnot_m_b8(m34,vl), v2, v2, 0b01000000, vl);
-      v3 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(v, 12, vl), 0b11100000, vl);
-      v12 = __riscv_vor_vv_u16m2_mu(m234, v1, v1, v2, vl);
-
-      vuint32m4_t w12 = __riscv_vwmulu_vx_u32m4(v12, 1<<8, vl);
-      vuint32m4_t w123 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u32m4_mu(m34, w12, w12, v3, vl);
-      vuint8m4_t vout = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m4_u8m4(w123);
-
-      vbool2_t mcomp = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(m4mulp2, __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m4_b2(vout, 0, vl*4), vl*4);
-      vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b2(mcomp, vl*4);
-
-      vout = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m4(vout, mcomp, vl*4);
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, vout, vlOut);
-
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-    }
-
-    if (tail) while (n) {
-      uint16_t word = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[0]);
-      if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-        break;
-      } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-        break;
-      } else if ((word & 0xF800) != 0xD800) {
-        break;
-      } else {
-        // must be a surrogate pair
-        if (n <= 1) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg);
-        uint16_t diff = word - 0xD800;
-        if (diff > 0x3FF) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg);
-        uint16_t diff2 = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[1]) - 0xDC00;
-        if (diff2 > 0x3FF) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg);
-
-        uint32_t value = ((diff + 0x40) << 10) + diff2 ;
-
-        // will generate four UTF-8 bytes
-        // we have 0b11110XXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX 0b10XXXXXX
-        *dst++ = (char)( (value>>18)             | 0b11110000);
-        *dst++ = (char)(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        *dst++ = (char)(((value>> 6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        *dst++ = (char)(( value      & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        src += 2;
-        n -= 2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, dst - dstBeg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static result rvv_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) {
-  const char16_t *const srcBeg = src;
-  char32_t *const dstBeg = dst;
-
-  constexpr const uint16_t ANY_SURROGATE_MASK  = 0xf800;
-  constexpr const uint16_t ANY_SURROGATE_VALUE = 0xd800;
-  constexpr const uint16_t LO_SURROGATE_MASK  = 0xfc00;
-  constexpr const uint16_t LO_SURROGATE_VALUE = 0xdc00;
-  constexpr const uint16_t HI_SURROGATE_MASK  = 0xfc00;
-  constexpr const uint16_t HI_SURROGATE_VALUE = 0xd800;
-
-  uint16_t last = 0;
-  while (len > 0) {
-    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(len);
-    vuint16m2_t v0 = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m2((uint16_t const*)src, vl);
-    v0 = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v0, vl);
-
-    {   // check fast-path
-        const vuint16m2_t v = __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v0, ANY_SURROGATE_MASK, vl);
-        const vbool8_t any_surrogate = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m2_b8(v, ANY_SURROGATE_VALUE, vl);
-        if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(any_surrogate, vl) < 0) {
-            /* no surrogates */
-            __riscv_vse32_v_u32m4((uint32_t*)dst, __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m4(v0, vl), vl);
-            len -= vl;
-            src += vl;
-            dst += vl;
-            continue;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[0]) & LO_SURROGATE_MASK) == LO_SURROGATE_VALUE) {
-      return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg);
-    }
-
-    // decode surrogates
-    vuint16m2_t v1 = __riscv_vslide1down_vx_u16m2(v0, 0, vl);
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(vl - 1);
-    if (vl == 0) {
-        return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg);
-    }
-
-    const vbool8_t surhi  = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m2_b8(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v0, HI_SURROGATE_MASK, vl), HI_SURROGATE_VALUE, vl);
-    const vbool8_t surlo  = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u16m2_b8(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v1, LO_SURROGATE_MASK, vl), LO_SURROGATE_VALUE, vl);
-
-    // compress everything but lo surrogates
-    const vbool8_t compress = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u16m2_b8(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v0, LO_SURROGATE_MASK, vl), LO_SURROGATE_VALUE, vl);
-
-    {
-        const vbool8_t diff = __riscv_vmxor_mm_b8(surhi, surlo, vl);
-        const long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(diff, vl);
-        if (idx >= 0) {
-          return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg + idx + 1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    last = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(src[vl]);
-    vuint32m4_t utf32 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m4(v0, vl);
-
-    // v0 = 110110yyyyyyyyyy (0xd800 + yyyyyyyyyy) --- hi surrogate
-    // v1 = 110111xxxxxxxxxx (0xdc00 + xxxxxxxxxx) --- lo surrogate
-
-    // t0 = u16(                    0000_00yy_yyyy_yyyy)
-    const vuint32m4_t t0 = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m4(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v0, 0x03ff, vl), vl);
-    // t1 = u32(0000_0000_0000_yyyy_yyyy_yy00_0000_0000)
-    const vuint32m4_t t1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m4(t0, 10, vl);
-
-    // t2 = u32(0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_00xx_xxxx_xxxx)
-    const vuint32m4_t t2   = __riscv_vzext_vf2_u32m4(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(v1, 0x03ff, vl), vl);
-
-    // t3 = u32(0000_0000_0000_yyyy_yyyy_yyxx_xxxx_xxxx)
-    const vuint32m4_t t3 = __riscv_vor_vv_u32m4(t1, t2, vl);
-
-    // t4 = utf32 from surrogate pairs
-    const vuint32m4_t t4 = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m4(t3, 0x10000, vl);
-
-    const vuint32m4_t result = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_u32m4(utf32, t4, surhi, vl);
-
-    const vuint32m4_t comp = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u32m4(result, compress, vl);
-    const size_t vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b8(compress, vl);
-    __riscv_vse32_v_u32m4((uint32_t*)dst, comp, vlOut);
-
-    len -= vl;
-    src += vl;
-    dst += vlOut;
-
-    if ((last & LO_SURROGATE_MASK) == LO_SURROGATE_VALUE) {
-        // last item is lo surrogate and got already consumed
-        len -= 1;
-        src += 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, dst - dstBeg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char32_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32(src, len, dst);
-}
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_utf16_to.inl.cpp */
-/* begin file src/rvv/rvv_utf32_to.inl.cpp */
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t *const beg = src;
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(len);
-    vuint32m8_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m8((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b4(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m8_b4(v, 255, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0)
-      return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, src - beg + idx);
-      /* We don't use vcompress here, because its performance varies widely on current platforms.
-       * This might be worth reconsidering once there is more hardware available. */
-    __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8m2(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m4(v, vl), vl), vl);
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, src - beg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_latin1(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  size_t n = len;
-  const char32_t *srcBeg = src;
-  const char *dstBeg = dst;
-  size_t vl8m4 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m4();
-  vbool2_t m4mulp2 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m4_b2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m4(__riscv_vid_v_u8m4(vl8m4), 3, vl8m4), 2, vl8m4);
-
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; n > 0; ) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(n);
-
-    vuint32m4_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m4((uint32_t const*)src, vl);
-    vbool8_t m234 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0x80-1, vl);
-    vuint16m2_t vn = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m2(v, vl);
-
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(m234, vl) < 0) { /* 1 byte utf8 */
-      vlOut = vl;
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m1((uint8_t*)dst, __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8m1(vn, vlOut), vlOut);
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    vbool8_t m34  = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0x800-1, vl);
-
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(m34,vl) < 0) { /* 1/2 byte utf8 */
-      /* 0: [     aaa|aabbbbbb]
-       * 1: [aabbbbbb|        ] vsll 8
-       * 2: [        |   aaaaa] vsrl 6
-       * 3: [00111111|00111111]
-       * 4: [  bbbbbb|000aaaaa] (1|2)&3
-       * 5: [10000000|11000000]
-       * 6: [10bbbbbb|110aaaaa] 4|5 */
-      vuint16m2_t twoByte  =
-        __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vor_vv_u16m2(
-          __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(vn, 8, vl),
-          __riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(vn, 6, vl),
-        vl), 0b0011111100111111, vl);
-      vuint16m2_t vout16 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(m234, vn, twoByte, 0b1000000011000000, vl);
-      vuint8m2_t vout = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(vout16);
-
-      /* Every high byte that is zero should be compressed
-       * low bytes should never be compressed, so we set them
-       * to all ones, and then create a non-zero bytes mask */
-      vbool4_t mcomp = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_u8m2(__riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(vout16, 0xFF, vl)), 0, vl*2);
-      vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b4(mcomp, vl*2);
-
-      vout = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m2(vout, mcomp, vl*2);
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m2((uint8_t*)dst, vout, vlOut);
-
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    vbool8_t sur = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u32m4_b8(__riscv_vand_vx_u32m4(v, 0xFFFFF800, vl), 0xD800, vl);
-    long idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(sur, vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg + idx);
-
-    vbool8_t m4 = __riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0x10000-1, vl);
-    long first = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(m4, vl);
-    size_t tail = vl - first;
-    vl = first < 0 ? vl : first;
-
-    if (vl > 0) { /* 1/2/3 byte utf8 */
-      /* vn: [aaaabbbb|bbcccccc]
-       * v1: [0bcccccc|        ] vsll  8
-       * v1: [10cccccc|        ] vsll  8 & 0b00111111 | 0b10000000
-       * v2: [        |110bbbbb] vsrl  6 & 0b00111111 | 0b11000000
-       * v2: [        |10bbbbbb] vsrl  6 & 0b00111111 | 0b10000000
-       * v3: [        |1110aaaa] vsrl 12 | 0b11100000
-       *  1: [00000000|0bcccccc|00000000|00000000] => [0bcccccc]
-       *  2: [00000000|10cccccc|110bbbbb|00000000] => [110bbbbb] [10cccccc]
-       *  3: [00000000|10cccccc|10bbbbbb|1110aaaa] => [1110aaaa] [10bbbbbb] [10cccccc]
-       */
-      vuint16m2_t v1, v2, v3, v12;
-      v1 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(m234, vn, __riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(vn, 0b00111111, vl), 0b10000000, vl);
-      v1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u16m2(v1, 8, vl);
-
-      v2 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vand_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(vn, 6, vl), 0b00111111, vl), 0b10000000, vl);
-      v2 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2_mu(__riscv_vmnot_m_b8(m34,vl), v2, v2, 0b01000000, vl);
-      v3 = __riscv_vor_vx_u16m2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u16m2(vn, 12, vl), 0b11100000, vl);
-      v12 = __riscv_vor_vv_u16m2_mu(m234, v1, v1, v2, vl);
-
-      vuint32m4_t w12 = __riscv_vwmulu_vx_u32m4(v12, 1<<8, vl);
-      vuint32m4_t w123 = __riscv_vwaddu_wv_u32m4_mu(m34, w12, w12, v3, vl);
-      vuint8m4_t vout = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m4_u8m4(w123);
-
-      vbool2_t mcomp = __riscv_vmor_mm_b2(m4mulp2, __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m4_b2(vout, 0, vl*4), vl*4);
-      vlOut = __riscv_vcpop_m_b2(mcomp, vl*4);
-
-      vout = __riscv_vcompress_vm_u8m4(vout, mcomp, vl*4);
-      __riscv_vse8_v_u8m4((uint8_t*)dst, vout, vlOut);
-
-      n -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut;
-    }
-
-    if (tail) while (n) {
-      uint32_t word = src[0];
-      if (word < 0x10000) break;
-      if (word > 0x10FFFF) return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, src - srcBeg);
-      *dst++ = (uint8_t)(( word>>18)             | 0b11110000);
-      *dst++ = (uint8_t)(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *dst++ = (uint8_t)(((word>> 6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      *dst++ = (uint8_t)(( word      & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-      ++src;
-      --n;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, dst - dstBeg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char *dst) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf8(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static result rvv_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) {
-  size_t vl8m2 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m2();
-  vbool4_t m4even = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vid_v_u8m2(vl8m2), 1, vl8m2), 0, vl8m2);
-  const char16_t *dstBeg = dst;
-  const char32_t *srcBeg = src;
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(len);
-    vuint32m4_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m4((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    vuint32m4_t off = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m4(v, 0xFFFF2000, vl);
-    long idx;
-    idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(off, 0xFFFFF7FF, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::SURROGATE, src - srcBeg + idx);
-    idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0xFFFF, vl), vl);
-    if (idx < 0) {
-      vlOut = vl;
-      vuint16m2_t n = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m2(v, vlOut), vlOut);
-      __riscv_vse16_v_u16m2((uint16_t*)dst, n, vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-    idx = __riscv_vfirst_m_b8(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0x10FFFF, vl), vl);
-    if (idx >= 0) return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, src - srcBeg + idx);
-    vlOut = rvv_utf32_store_utf16_m4<bflip>((uint16_t*)dst, v, vl, m4even);
-  }
-  return result(error_code::SUCCESS, dst - dstBeg);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  result res = convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(src, len, dst);
-  return res.error == error_code::SUCCESS ? res.count : 0;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static size_t rvv_convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) {
-  size_t vl8m2 = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e8m2();
-  vbool4_t m4even = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m2_b4(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m2(__riscv_vid_v_u8m2(vl8m2), 1, vl8m2), 0, vl8m2);
-  char16_t *dstBeg = dst;
-  for (size_t vl, vlOut; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vlOut) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(len);
-    vuint32m4_t v = __riscv_vle32_v_u32m4((uint32_t*)src, vl);
-    if (__riscv_vfirst_m_b8(__riscv_vmsgtu_vx_u32m4_b8(v, 0xFFFF, vl), vl) < 0) {
-      vlOut = vl;
-      vuint16m2_t n = simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(__riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m2(v, vlOut), vlOut);
-      __riscv_vse16_v_u16m2((uint16_t*)dst, n, vlOut);
-      continue;
-    }
-    vlOut = rvv_utf32_store_utf16_m4<bflip>((uint16_t*)dst, v, vl, m4even);
-  }
-  return dst - dstBeg;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  return rvv_convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::NONE>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-/* end file src/rvv/rvv_utf32_to.inl.cpp */
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char *input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if (bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified)
-    return bom_encoding;
-  int out = 0;
-  if (validate_utf8(input, length))
-    out |= encoding_type::UTF8;
-  if (length % 2 == 0) {
-    if (validate_utf16(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(input), length/2))
-      out |= encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-  }
-  if (length % 4 == 0) {
-    if (validate_utf32(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(input), length/4))
-      out |= encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-  }
-
-  return out;
-}
-
-template<simdutf_ByteFlip bflip>
-simdutf_really_inline static void rvv_change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) {
-  for (size_t vl; len > 0; len -= vl, src += vl, dst += vl) {
-    vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m8(len);
-    vuint16m8_t v = __riscv_vle16_v_u16m8((uint16_t*)src, vl);
-    __riscv_vse16_v_u16m8((uint16_t *)dst, simdutf_byteflip<bflip>(v, vl), vl);
-  }
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t *src, size_t len, char16_t *dst) const noexcept {
-  if (supports_zvbb())
-    return rvv_change_endianness_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::ZVBB>(src, len, dst);
-  else
-    return rvv_change_endianness_utf16<simdutf_ByteFlip::V>(src, len, dst);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-    length--;
-  }
-  size_t equallocation = length; // location of the first padding character if any
-  auto equalsigns = 0;
-  if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-    length -= 1;
-    equalsigns++;
-    while(length > 0 && scalar::base64::is_ascii_white_space(input[length - 1])) {
-      length--;
-    }
-    if(length > 0 && input[length - 1] == '=') {
-      equalsigns++;
-      length -= 1;
-    }
-  }
-  if(length == 0) {
-    if(equalsigns > 0) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-    return {SUCCESS, 0};
-  }
-  result r = scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(output, input, length, options);
-  if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-    // additional checks
-    if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, equallocation};
-    }
-  }
-  return r;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64(output, input, length, options);
-}
-} // namespace rvv
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/rvv/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_RVV
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-/* end file src/simdutf/rvv/end.h */
-/* end file src/rvv/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_WESTMERE
-/* begin file src/westmere/implementation.cpp */
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/begin.h */
-// redefining SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION to "westmere"
-// #define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION westmere
-
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_TARGET_WESTMERE
-#endif
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/begin.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_WESTMERE_H
-#error "westmere.h must be included"
-#endif
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline bool is_ascii(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-  return input.reduce_or().is_ascii();
-}
-
-simdutf_unused simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev1, const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_second_byte = prev1.saturating_sub(0b11000000u-1); // Only 11______ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0b11100000u-1); // Only 111_____ will be > 0
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0b11110000u-1); // Only 1111____ will be > 0
-  // Caller requires a bool (all 1's). All values resulting from the subtraction will be <= 64, so signed comparison is fine.
-  return simd8<int8_t>(is_second_byte | is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte) > int8_t(0);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_2_3_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t> prev2, const simd8<uint8_t> prev3) {
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_third_byte  = prev2.saturating_sub(0xe0u-0x80); // Only 111_____ will be >= 0x80
-  simd8<uint8_t> is_fourth_byte = prev3.saturating_sub(0xf0u-0x80); // Only 1111____ will be >= 0x80
-  return simd8<bool>(is_third_byte | is_fourth_byte);
-}
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/internal/loader.cpp */
-namespace internal {
-namespace westmere {
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/internal/write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8.cpp */
-/*
-* reads a vector of uint16 values
-* bits after 11th are ignored
-* first 11 bits are encoded into utf8
-* !important! utf8_output must have at least 16 writable bytes
-*/
-
-inline void write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(
-  const __m128i v_u16,
-  char*& utf8_output,
-  const __m128i one_byte_bytemask,
-  const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask
-) {
-  // 0b1100_0000_1000_0000
-  const __m128i v_c080 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xc080);
-  // 0b0001_1111_0000_0000
-  const __m128i v_1f00 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-  // 0b0000_0000_0011_1111
-  const __m128i v_003f = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-  // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-          // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-          // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-
-  // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-  const __m128i t0 = _mm_slli_epi16(v_u16, 2);
-  // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-  const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, v_1f00);
-  // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-  const __m128i t2 = _mm_and_si128(v_u16, v_003f);
-  // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-  const __m128i t3 = _mm_or_si128(t1, t2);
-  // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-  const __m128i t4 = _mm_or_si128(t3, v_c080);
-
-  // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-  const __m128i utf8_unpacked = _mm_blendv_epi8(t4, v_u16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-  // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-  //    one_byte_bitmask = hhggffeeddccbbaa -- the bits are doubled (h - MSB, a - LSB)
-  const uint16_t m0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555;  // m0 = 0h0g0f0e0d0c0b0a
-  const uint16_t m1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(m0 >> 7);                    // m1 = 00000000h0g0f0e0
-  const uint8_t  m2 = static_cast<uint8_t>((m0 | m1) & 0xff);           // m2 =         hdgcfbea
-  // 4. pack the bytes
-  const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-  const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-  const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-  // 5. store bytes
-  _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-  // 6. adjust pointers
-  utf8_output += row[0];
-}
-
-inline void write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(
-  const __m128i v_u16,
-  char*& utf8_output,
-  const __m128i v_0000,
-  const __m128i v_ff80
-) {
-  // no bits set above 7th bit
-  const __m128i one_byte_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(v_u16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-  const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-  write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(
-    v_u16, utf8_output, one_byte_bytemask, one_byte_bitmask);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/internal/write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8.cpp */
-
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace internal
-/* end file src/westmere/internal/loader.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_detect_encodings.cpp */
-template<class checker>
-// len is known to be a multiple of 2 when this is called
-int sse_detect_encodings(const char * buf, size_t len) {
-    const char* start = buf;
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    bool is_utf8 = true;
-    bool is_utf16 = true;
-    bool is_utf32 = true;
-
-    int out = 0;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-
-    __m128i currentmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-
-    checker check{};
-
-    while(buf + 64 <= end) {
-        __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-        __m128i secondin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-        __m128i thirdin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+2);
-        __m128i fourthin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+3);
-
-        const auto u0 = simd16<uint16_t>(in);
-        const auto u1 = simd16<uint16_t>(secondin);
-        const auto u2 = simd16<uint16_t>(thirdin);
-        const auto u3 = simd16<uint16_t>(fourthin);
-
-        const auto v0 = u0.shr<8>();
-        const auto v1 = u1.shr<8>();
-        const auto v2 = u2.shr<8>();
-        const auto v3 = u3.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(v0, v1);
-        const auto nextin16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(v2, v3);
-
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask0 = (in16 & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask1 = (nextin16 & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        uint16_t surrogates_bitmask0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(surrogates_wordmask0.to_bitmask());
-        uint16_t surrogates_bitmask1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(surrogates_wordmask1.to_bitmask());
-
-        // Check for surrogates
-        if (surrogates_bitmask0 != 0x0 || surrogates_bitmask1 != 0x0) {
-            // Cannot be UTF8
-            is_utf8 = false;
-            // Can still be either UTF-16LE or UTF-32 depending on the positions of the surrogates
-            // To be valid UTF-32, a surrogate cannot be in the two most significant bytes of any 32-bit word.
-            // On the other hand, to be valid UTF-16LE, at least one surrogate must be in the two most significant
-            // bytes of a 32-bit word since they always come in pairs in UTF-16LE.
-            // Note that we always proceed in multiple of 4 before this point so there is no offset in 32-bit code units.
-
-            if (((surrogates_bitmask0 | surrogates_bitmask1) & 0xaaaa) != 0) {
-                is_utf32 = false;
-                // Code from sse_validate_utf16le.cpp
-                // Not efficient, we do not process surrogates_bitmask1
-                const char16_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf);
-                const char16_t* end16 = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(start) + len/2;
-
-                const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-                const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-                const uint16_t V0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(~surrogates_bitmask0);
-
-                const auto    vH0 = (in16 & v_fc) == v_dc;
-                const uint16_t H0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(vH0.to_bitmask());
-
-                const uint16_t L0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(~H0 & surrogates_bitmask0);
-
-                const uint16_t a0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(L0 & (H0 >> 1));
-
-                const uint16_t b0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(a0 << 1);
-
-                const uint16_t c0 = static_cast<uint16_t>(V0 | a0 | b0);
-
-                if (c0 == 0xffff) {
-                    input += 16;
-                } else if (c0 == 0x7fff) {
-                    input += 15;
-                } else {
-                    is_utf16 = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE * 2 < end16) {
-                    const auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-                    const auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-
-                    const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-                    const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-                    const auto in_16 = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-                    const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in_16 & v_f8) == v_d8;
-                    const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask());
-                    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0) {
-                        input += 16;
-                    } else {
-                        const uint16_t V = static_cast<uint16_t>(~surrogates_bitmask);
-
-                        const auto    vH = (in_16 & v_fc) == v_dc;
-                        const uint16_t H = static_cast<uint16_t>(vH.to_bitmask());
-
-                        const uint16_t L = static_cast<uint16_t>(~H & surrogates_bitmask);
-
-                        const uint16_t a = static_cast<uint16_t>(L & (H >> 1));
-
-                        const uint16_t b = static_cast<uint16_t>(a << 1);
-
-                        const uint16_t c = static_cast<uint16_t>(V | a | b);
-
-                        if (c == 0xffff) {
-                            input += 16;
-                        } else if (c == 0x7fff) {
-                            input += 15;
-                        } else {
-                            is_utf16 = false;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                is_utf16 = false;
-                // Check for UTF-32
-                if (len % 4 == 0) {
-                    const char32_t * input = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf);
-                    const char32_t* end32 = reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(start) + len/4;
-
-                    // Must start checking for surrogates
-                    __m128i currentoffsetmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-                    const __m128i offset = _mm_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-                    const __m128i standardoffsetmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-
-                    currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(in, currentmax);
-                    currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(secondin, currentmax);
-                    currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(thirdin, currentmax);
-                    currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(fourthin, currentmax);
-
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(secondin, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(thirdin, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                    currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(fourthin, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-                    while (input + 4 < end32) {
-                        const __m128i in32 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-                        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(in32,currentmax);
-                        currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(in32, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-                        input += 4;
-                    }
-
-                    __m128i forbidden_words = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-                    if(_mm_testz_si128(forbidden_words, forbidden_words) == 0) {
-                        is_utf32 = false;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    is_utf32 = false;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        // If no surrogate, validate under other encodings as well
-
-        // UTF-32 validation
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(in, currentmax);
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(secondin, currentmax);
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(thirdin, currentmax);
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(fourthin, currentmax);
-
-        // UTF-8 validation
-        // Relies on ../generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h
-        simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in8(in, secondin, thirdin, fourthin);
-        check.check_next_input(in8);
-
-        buf += 64;
-    }
-
-    // Check which encodings are possible
-
-    if (is_utf8) {
-        if (static_cast<size_t>(buf - start) != len) {
-            uint8_t block[64]{};
-            std::memset(block, 0x20, 64);
-            std::memcpy(block, buf, len - (buf - start));
-            simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-            check.check_next_input(in);
-        }
-        if (!check.errors()) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf16 && scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/2)) {
-        out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE;
-    }
-
-    if (is_utf32 && (len % 4 == 0)) {
-        const __m128i standardmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-        __m128i is_zero = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if (_mm_testz_si128(is_zero, is_zero) == 1 && scalar::utf32::validate(reinterpret_cast<const char32_t*>(buf), (len - (buf - start))/4)) {
-            out |= simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return out;
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_detect_encodings.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_validate_utf16.cpp */
-/*
-    In UTF-16 code units in range 0xD800 to 0xDFFF have special meaning.
-
-    In a vectorized algorithm we want to examine the most significant
-    nibble in order to select a fast path. If none of highest nibbles
-    are 0xD (13), than we are sure that UTF-16 chunk in a vector
-    register is valid.
-
-    Let us analyze what we need to check if the nibble is 0xD. The
-    value of the preceding nibble determines what we have:
-
-    0xd000 .. 0xd7ff - a valid word
-    0xd800 .. 0xdbff - low surrogate
-    0xdc00 .. 0xdfff - high surrogate
-
-    Other constraints we have to consider:
-    - there must not be two consecutive low surrogates (0xd800 .. 0xdbff)
-    - there must not be two consecutive high surrogates (0xdc00 .. 0xdfff)
-    - there must not be sole low surrogate nor high surrogate
-
-    We're going to build three bitmasks based on the 3rd nibble:
-    - V = valid word,
-    - L = low surrogate (0xd800 .. 0xdbff)
-    - H = high surrogate (0xdc00 .. 0xdfff)
-
-      0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7    <--- word index
-    [ V | L | H | L | H | V | V | L ]
-      1   0   0   0   0   1   1   0     - V = valid masks
-      0   1   0   1   0   0   0   1     - L = low surrogate
-      0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0     - H high surrogate
-
-
-      1   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   V = valid masks
-      0   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   a = L & (H >> 1)
-      0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   b = a << 1
-      1   1   1   1   1   1   1   0   c = V | a | b
-                                  ^
-                                  the last bit can be zero, we just consume 7 code units
-                                  and recheck this word in the next iteration
-*/
-
-/* Returns:
-   - pointer to the last unprocessed character (a scalar fallback should check the rest);
-   - nullptr if an error was detected.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const char16_t* sse_validate_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-    while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE * 2 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-        if (big_endian) {
-            in0 = in0.swap_bytes();
-            in1 = in1.swap_bytes();
-        }
-
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask());
-        if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-            input += 16;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint16_t V = static_cast<uint16_t>(~surrogates_bitmask);
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto    vH = (in & v_fc) == v_dc;
-            const uint16_t H = static_cast<uint16_t>(vH.to_bitmask());
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint16_t L = static_cast<uint16_t>(~H & surrogates_bitmask);
-
-            const uint16_t a = static_cast<uint16_t>(L & (H >> 1));  // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint16_t b = static_cast<uint16_t>(a << 1);        // Just mark that the opinput - startite fact is hold,
-                                              // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint16_t c = static_cast<uint16_t>(V | a | b);     // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-
-            if (c == 0xffff) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += 16;
-            } else if (c == 0x7fff) {
-                // The 15 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 15th word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += 15;
-            } else {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-const result sse_validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char16_t* start = input;
-    const char16_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const auto v_d8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xd8);
-    const auto v_f8 = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xf8);
-    const auto v_fc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xfc);
-    const auto v_dc = simd8<uint8_t>::splat(0xdc);
-
-    while (input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE * 2 < end) {
-        // 0. Load data: since the validation takes into account only higher
-        //    byte of each word, we compress the two vectors into one which
-        //    consists only the higher bytes.
-        auto in0 = simd16<uint16_t>(input);
-        auto in1 = simd16<uint16_t>(input + simd16<uint16_t>::SIZE / sizeof(char16_t));
-
-        if (big_endian) {
-            in0 = in0.swap_bytes();
-            in1 = in1.swap_bytes();
-        }
-
-        const auto t0 = in0.shr<8>();
-        const auto t1 = in1.shr<8>();
-
-        const auto in = simd16<uint16_t>::pack(t0, t1);
-
-        // 1. Check whether we have any 0xD800..DFFF word (0b1101'1xxx'yyyy'yyyy).
-        const auto surrogates_wordmask = (in & v_f8) == v_d8;
-        const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(surrogates_wordmask.to_bitmask());
-        if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-            input += 16;
-        } else {
-            // 2. We have some surrogates that have to be distinguished:
-            //    - low  surrogates: 0b1101'10xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xD800..0xDBFF)
-            //    - high surrogates: 0b1101'11xx'yyyy'yyyy (0xDC00..0xDFFF)
-            //
-            //    Fact: high surrogate has 11th bit set (3rd bit in the higher word)
-
-            // V - non-surrogate code units
-            //     V = not surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint16_t V = static_cast<uint16_t>(~surrogates_bitmask);
-
-            // H - word-mask for high surrogates: the six highest bits are 0b1101'11
-            const auto    vH = (in & v_fc) == v_dc;
-            const uint16_t H = static_cast<uint16_t>(vH.to_bitmask());
-
-            // L - word mask for low surrogates
-            //     L = not H and surrogates_wordmask
-            const uint16_t L = static_cast<uint16_t>(~H & surrogates_bitmask);
-
-            const uint16_t a = static_cast<uint16_t>(L & (H >> 1));  // A low surrogate must be followed by high one.
-                                              // (A low surrogate placed in the 7th register's word
-                                              // is an exception we handle.)
-            const uint16_t b = static_cast<uint16_t>(a << 1);        // Just mark that the opinput - startite fact is hold,
-                                              // thanks to that we have only two masks for valid case.
-            const uint16_t c = static_cast<uint16_t>(V | a | b);     // Combine all the masks into the final one.
-
-            if (c == 0xffff) {
-                // The whole input register contains valid UTF-16, i.e.,
-                // either single code units or proper surrogate pairs.
-                input += 16;
-            } else if (c == 0x7fff) {
-                // The 15 lower code units of the input register contains valid UTF-16.
-                // The 15th word may be either a low or high surrogate. It the next
-                // iteration we 1) check if the low surrogate is followed by a high
-                // one, 2) reject sole high surrogate.
-                input += 15;
-            } else {
-                return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_validate_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-/* Returns:
-   - pointer to the last unprocessed character (a scalar fallback should check the rest);
-   - nullptr if an error was detected.
-*/
-const char32_t* sse_validate_utf32le(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const __m128i standardmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-    const __m128i offset = _mm_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-    const __m128i standardoffsetmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-    __m128i currentmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-    __m128i currentoffsetmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-
-    while (input + 4 < end) {
-        const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-        input += 4;
-    }
-    __m128i is_zero = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-    if(_mm_test_all_zeros(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    is_zero = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-    if(_mm_test_all_zeros(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return input;
-}
-
-
-const result sse_validate_utf32le_with_errors(const char32_t* input, size_t size) {
-    const char32_t* start = input;
-    const char32_t* end = input + size;
-
-    const __m128i standardmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0x10ffff);
-    const __m128i offset = _mm_set1_epi32(0xffff2000);
-    const __m128i standardoffsetmax = _mm_set1_epi32(0xfffff7ff);
-    __m128i currentmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-    __m128i currentoffsetmax = _mm_setzero_si128();
-
-    while (input + 4 < end) {
-        const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-        currentmax = _mm_max_epu32(in,currentmax);
-        currentoffsetmax = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_add_epi32(in, offset), currentoffsetmax);
-
-        __m128i is_zero = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentmax, standardmax), standardmax);
-        if(_mm_test_all_zeros(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-            return result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, input - start);
-        }
-
-        is_zero = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_max_epu32(currentoffsetmax, standardoffsetmax), standardoffsetmax);
-        if(_mm_test_all_zeros(is_zero, is_zero) == 0) {
-            return result(error_code::SURROGATE, input - start);
-        }
-        input += 4;
-    }
-
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, input - start);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_validate_utf32le.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-std::pair<const char* const, char* const> sse_convert_latin1_to_utf8(
-  const char* latin_input,
-  const size_t latin_input_length,
-  char* utf8_output) {
-  const char* end = latin_input + latin_input_length;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  // 0b1000_0000
-  const __m128i v_80 = _mm_set1_epi8((uint8_t)0x80);
-  // 0b1111_1111_1000_0000
-  const __m128i v_ff80 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-
-  const __m128i latin_1_half_into_u16_byte_mask = _mm_setr_epi8(
-      0, '\x80',
-      1, '\x80',
-      2, '\x80',
-      3, '\x80',
-      4, '\x80',
-      5, '\x80',
-      6, '\x80',
-      7, '\x80'
-    );
-
-  const __m128i latin_2_half_into_u16_byte_mask = _mm_setr_epi8(
-      8, '\x80',
-      9, '\x80',
-      10, '\x80',
-      11, '\x80',
-      12, '\x80',
-      13, '\x80',
-      14, '\x80',
-      15, '\x80'
-    );
-
-  // each latin1 takes 1-2 utf8 bytes
-  // slow path writes useful 8-15 bytes twice (eagerly writes 16 bytes and then adjust the pointer)
-  // so the last write can exceed the utf8_output size by 8-1 bytes
-  // by reserving 8 extra input bytes, we expect the output to have 8-16 bytes free
-  while (latin_input + 16 + 8 <= end) {
-    // Load 16 Latin1 characters (16 bytes) into a 128-bit register
-    __m128i v_latin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)latin_input);
-
-
-    if (_mm_testz_si128(v_latin, v_80)) {// ASCII fast path!!!!
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, v_latin);
-      latin_input += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-
-    // assuming a/b are bytes and A/B are uint16 of the same value
-    // aaaa_aaaa_bbbb_bbbb -> AAAA_AAAA
-    __m128i v_u16_latin_1_half = _mm_shuffle_epi8(v_latin, latin_1_half_into_u16_byte_mask);
-    // aaaa_aaaa_bbbb_bbbb -> BBBB_BBBB
-    __m128i v_u16_latin_2_half = _mm_shuffle_epi8(v_latin, latin_2_half_into_u16_byte_mask);
-
-
-    internal::westmere::write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(v_u16_latin_1_half, utf8_output, v_0000, v_ff80);
-    internal::westmere::write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(v_u16_latin_2_half, utf8_output, v_0000, v_ff80);
-    latin_input += 16;
-  }
-
-  if (latin_input + 16 <= end) {
-    // Load 16 Latin1 characters (16 bytes) into a 128-bit register
-    __m128i v_latin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)latin_input);
-
-    if (_mm_testz_si128(v_latin, v_80)) {// ASCII fast path!!!!
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, v_latin);
-      latin_input += 16;
-      utf8_output += 16;
-    } else {
-      // assuming a/b are bytes and A/B are uint16 of the same value
-      // aaaa_aaaa_bbbb_bbbb -> AAAA_AAAA
-      __m128i v_u16_latin_1_half = _mm_shuffle_epi8(v_latin, latin_1_half_into_u16_byte_mask);
-      internal::westmere::write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(v_u16_latin_1_half, utf8_output, v_0000, v_ff80);
-      latin_input += 8;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(latin_input, utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> sse_convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char *latin1_input, size_t len,
-                                                              char16_t *utf16_output) {
-    size_t rounded_len = len & ~0xF; // Round down to nearest multiple of 16
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-        // Load 16 Latin1 characters into a 128-bit register
-        __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(&latin1_input[i]));
-        __m128i out1 = big_endian ? _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), in)
-                         : _mm_unpacklo_epi8(in, _mm_setzero_si128());
-        __m128i out2 = big_endian ? _mm_unpackhi_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), in)
-                         : _mm_unpackhi_epi8(in, _mm_setzero_si128());
-        // Zero extend each Latin1 character to 16-bit integers and store the results back to memory
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(&utf16_output[i]), out1);
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(&utf16_output[i + 8]), out2);
-    }
-    // return pointers pointing to where we left off
-    return std::make_pair(latin1_input + rounded_len, utf16_output + rounded_len);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> sse_convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-    const char* end = buf + len;
-
-    while (buf + 16 <= end) {
-        // Load 16 Latin1 characters (16 bytes) into a 128-bit register
-        __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-
-        // Shift input to process next 4 bytes
-        __m128i in_shifted1 = _mm_srli_si128(in, 4);
-        __m128i in_shifted2 = _mm_srli_si128(in, 8);
-        __m128i in_shifted3 = _mm_srli_si128(in, 12);
-
-        // expand 8-bit to 32-bit unit
-        __m128i out1 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(in);
-        __m128i out2 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(in_shifted1);
-        __m128i out3 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(in_shifted2);
-        __m128i out4 = _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(in_shifted3);
-
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf32_output, out1);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(utf32_output + 4), out2);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(utf32_output + 8), out3);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(utf32_output + 12), out4);
-
-        utf32_output += 16;
-        buf += 16;
-    }
-
-    return std::make_pair(buf, utf32_output);
-}
-
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_latin1_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to utf16 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-template <endianness big_endian>
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char16_t *&utf16_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    __m128i ascii_first = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(in);
-    __m128i ascii_second = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_srli_si128(in,8));
-    if (big_endian) {
-      ascii_first = _mm_shuffle_epi8(ascii_first, swap);
-      ascii_second = _mm_shuffle_epi8(ascii_second, swap);
-    }
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf16_output), ascii_first);
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf16_output + 8), ascii_second);
-    utf16_output += 16; // We wrote 16 16-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xFFFF) == 0xaaaa)) {
-    // We want to take 8 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 8 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    if (big_endian) composed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed);
-    utf16_output += 8; // We wrote 16 bytes, 8 code points.
-    return 16;
-  }
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 2-byte UTF-16 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, -1, 5, 4, 3, -1, 8, 7, 6, -1, 11, 10, 9, -1);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    __m128i composed_repacked = _mm_packus_epi32(composed, composed);
-    if (big_endian) composed_repacked = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed_repacked, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed_repacked);
-    utf16_output += 4;
-    return 12;
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, so we fallback.
-
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // this is a relatively easy scenario
-    // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-    // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-    // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    if (big_endian) composed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed);
-    utf16_output += 6; // We wrote 12 bytes, 6 code points.
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-     __m128i composed_repacked = _mm_packus_epi32(composed, composed);
-    if (big_endian) composed_repacked = _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed_repacked, swap);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf16_output, composed_repacked);
-    utf16_output += 4;
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // TWO (2) input code-code units
-    //////////////
-    // There might be garbage inputs where a leading byte mascarades as a four-byte
-    // leading byte (by being followed by 3 continuation byte), but is not greater than
-    // 0xf0. This could trigger a buffer overflow if we only counted leading
-    // bytes of the form 0xf0 as generating surrogate pairs, without further UTF-8 validation.
-    // Thus we must be careful to ensure that only leading bytes at least as large as 0xf0 generate surrogate pairs.
-    // We do as at the cost of an extra mask.
-    /////////////
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f));
-    const __m128i middlebyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00));
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    __m128i middlehighbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f0000));
-    // correct for spurious high bit
-    const __m128i correct =
-        _mm_srli_epi32(_mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x400000)), 1);
-    middlehighbyte = _mm_xor_si128(correct, middlehighbyte);
-    const __m128i middlehighbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlehighbyte, 4);
-    // We deliberately carry the leading four bits in highbyte if they are present,
-    // we remove them later when computing hightenbits.
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0xff000000));
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 6);
-    // When we need to generate a surrogate pair (leading byte > 0xF0), then
-    // the corresponding 32-bit value in 'composed'  will be greater than
-    // > (0xff00000>>6) or > 0x3c00000. This can be used later to identify the
-    // location of the surrogate pairs.
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted),
-                     _mm_or_si128(highbyte_shifted, middlehighbyte_shifted));
-    const __m128i composedminus =
-        _mm_sub_epi32(composed, _mm_set1_epi32(0x10000));
-    const __m128i lowtenbits =
-        _mm_and_si128(composedminus, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3ff));
-    // Notice the 0x3ff mask:
-    const __m128i hightenbits = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi32(composedminus, 10), _mm_set1_epi32(0x3ff));
-    const __m128i lowtenbitsadd =
-        _mm_add_epi32(lowtenbits, _mm_set1_epi32(0xDC00));
-    const __m128i hightenbitsadd =
-        _mm_add_epi32(hightenbits, _mm_set1_epi32(0xD800));
-    const __m128i lowtenbitsaddshifted = _mm_slli_epi32(lowtenbitsadd, 16);
-    __m128i surrogates =
-        _mm_or_si128(hightenbitsadd, lowtenbitsaddshifted);
-    uint32_t basic_buffer[4];
-    uint32_t basic_buffer_swap[4];
-    if (big_endian) {
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)basic_buffer_swap, _mm_shuffle_epi8(composed, swap));
-      surrogates = _mm_shuffle_epi8(surrogates, swap);
-    }
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)basic_buffer, composed);
-    uint32_t surrogate_buffer[4];
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)surrogate_buffer, surrogates);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-      if(basic_buffer[i] > 0x3c00000) {
-        utf16_output[0] = uint16_t(surrogate_buffer[i] & 0xffff);
-        utf16_output[1] = uint16_t(surrogate_buffer[i] >> 16);
-        utf16_output += 2;
-      } else {
-        utf16_output[0] = big_endian ? uint16_t(basic_buffer_swap[i]) : uint16_t(basic_buffer[i]);
-        utf16_output++;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-  }
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to utf32 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char32_t *&utf32_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  // We first try a few fast paths.
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff;
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(in));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+4), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,4)));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+8), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,8)));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+12), _mm_cvtepu8_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,12)));
-    utf32_output += 16; // We wrote 16 32-bit characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xaaaa)) {
-    // We want to take 8 2-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 8 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    const __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(composed));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+4), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(composed,8)));
-    utf32_output += 8; // We wrote 32 bytes, 8 code points.
-    return 16;
-  }
-  if(input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask == 0x924) {
-    // We want to take 4 3-byte UTF-8 code units and turn them into 4 4-byte UTF-32 code units.
-    // There is probably a more efficient sequence, but the following might do.
-    const __m128i sh = _mm_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, -1, 5, 4, 3, -1, 8, 7, 6, -1, 11, 10, 9, -1);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 4;
-    return 12;
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, so we fallback.
-
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  if (idx < 64) {
-    // SIX (6) input code-code units
-    // this is a relatively easy scenario
-    // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-    // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-    // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-    const __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(composed));
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+4), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(composed,8)));
-    utf32_output += 6; // We wrote 12 bytes, 6 code points.
-  } else if (idx < 145) {
-    // FOUR (4) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f)); // 7 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00)); // 5 or 6 bits
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    const __m128i highbyte =
-        _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0f0000)); // 4 bits
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted), highbyte_shifted);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 4;
-  } else if (idx < 209) {
-    // TWO (2) input code-code units
-    const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-    const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-    const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x7f));
-    const __m128i middlebyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f00));
-    const __m128i middlebyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlebyte, 2);
-    __m128i middlehighbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x3f0000));
-    // correct for spurious high bit
-    const __m128i correct =
-        _mm_srli_epi32(_mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x400000)), 1);
-    middlehighbyte = _mm_xor_si128(correct, middlehighbyte);
-    const __m128i middlehighbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(middlehighbyte, 4);
-    const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi32(0x07000000));
-    const __m128i highbyte_shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(highbyte, 6);
-    const __m128i composed =
-        _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(ascii, middlebyte_shifted),
-                     _mm_or_si128(highbyte_shifted, middlehighbyte_shifted));
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)utf32_output, composed);
-    utf32_output += 3;
-  } else {
-    // here we know that there is an error but we do not handle errors
-  }
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_utf32.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-// depends on "tables/utf8_to_utf16_tables.h"
-
-
-// Convert up to 12 bytes from utf8 to latin1 using a mask indicating the
-// end of the code points. Only the least significant 12 bits of the mask
-// are accessed.
-// It returns how many bytes were consumed (up to 12).
-size_t convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(const char *input,
-                           uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask,
-                           char *&latin1_output) {
-  // we use an approach where we try to process up to 12 input bytes.
-  // Why 12 input bytes and not 16? Because we are concerned with the size of
-  // the lookup tables. Also 12 is nicely divisible by two and three.
-  //
-  //
-  // Optimization note: our main path below is load-latency dependent. Thus it is maybe
-  // beneficial to have fast paths that depend on branch prediction but have less latency.
-  // This results in more instructions but, potentially, also higher speeds.
-  //
-  const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)input);
-  const uint16_t input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask =
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xfff; //we're only processing 12 bytes in case it`s not all ASCII
-  if(((utf8_end_of_code_point_mask & 0xffff) == 0xffff)) {
-    // We process the data in chunks of 16 bytes.
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(latin1_output), in);
-    latin1_output += 16; // We wrote 16 characters.
-    return 16; // We consumed 16 bytes.
-  }
-  /// We do not have a fast path available, so we fallback.
-  const uint8_t idx =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][0];
-  const uint8_t consumed =
-      tables::utf8_to_utf16::utf8bigindex[input_utf8_end_of_code_point_mask][1];
-  // this indicates an invalid input:
-  if(idx >= 64) { return consumed; }
-  // Here we should have (idx < 64), if not, there is a bug in the validation or elsewhere.
-  // SIX (6) input code-code units
-  // this is a relatively easy scenario
-  // we process SIX (6) input code-code units. The max length in bytes of six code
-  // code units spanning between 1 and 2 bytes each is 12 bytes. On processors
-  // where pdep/pext is fast, we might be able to use a small lookup table.
-  const __m128i sh =
-        _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)tables::utf8_to_utf16::shufutf8[idx]);
-  const __m128i perm = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, sh);
-  const __m128i ascii = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x7f));
-  const __m128i highbyte = _mm_and_si128(perm, _mm_set1_epi16(0x1f00));
-  __m128i composed = _mm_or_si128(ascii, _mm_srli_epi16(highbyte, 2));
-  const __m128i latin1_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(composed,composed);
-  // writing 8 bytes even though we only care about the first 6 bytes.
-  // performance note: it would be faster to use _mm_storeu_si128, we should investigate.
-  _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)latin1_output, latin1_packed);
-  latin1_output += 6; // We wrote 6 bytes.
-  return consumed;
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf8_to_latin1.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    // Load 8 UTF-16 characters into 128-bit SSE register
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(buf));
-
-    if (!match_system(big_endian)) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    __m128i high_byte_mask = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xFF00);
-    if (_mm_testz_si128(in, high_byte_mask)) {
-      // Pack 16-bit characters into 8-bit and store in latin1_output
-      __m128i latin1_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in, in);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-      // Adjust pointers for next iteration
-      buf += 8;
-      latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, reinterpret_cast<char*>(latin1_output));
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char*> sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(buf));
-
-    if (!big_endian) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    __m128i high_byte_mask = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xFF00);
-    if (_mm_testz_si128(in, high_byte_mask)) {
-      __m128i latin1_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in, in);
-      _mm_storel_epi64(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(latin1_output), latin1_packed);
-      buf += 8;
-      latin1_output += 8;
-    } else {
-      // Fallback to scalar code for handling errors
-      for(int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = !match_system(big_endian) ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if(word <= 0xff) {
-          *latin1_output++ = char(word);
-        } else {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), latin1_output);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += 8;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-    // a single 16-bit UTF-16 word can yield 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-    const __m128i v_ff80 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xff80);
-    if(_mm_testz_si128(in, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-        if (big_endian) {
-          const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-          nextin = _mm_shuffle_epi8(nextin, swap);
-        }
-        if(!_mm_testz_si128(nextin, v_ff80)) {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in,in);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += 8;
-          in = nextin;
-        } else {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in,nextin);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          utf8_output += 16;
-          continue; // we are done for this round!
-        }
-    }
-
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m128i one_byte_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m128i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      internal::westmere::write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(in, utf8_output, one_byte_bytemask, one_byte_bitmask);
-      buf += 8;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m128i surrogates_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-        const __m128i dup_even = _mm_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, dup_even);
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t2 = _mm_or_si128 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-        const __m128i s0 = _mm_srli_epi16(in, 4);
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const __m128i s1 = _mm_and_si128(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const __m128i s2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const __m128i s3 = _mm_or_si128(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const __m128i m0 = _mm_andnot_si128(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-        const __m128i s4 = _mm_xor_si128(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const __m128i out0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-        const __m128i out1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint16_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555) |
-                              (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaa);
-        if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const __m128i shuffle = _mm_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-          const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-          const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 8;
-          continue;
-        }
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf8_output);
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char*> sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-    // a single 16-bit UTF-16 word can yield 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-    const __m128i v_ff80 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xff80);
-    if(_mm_testz_si128(in, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-        __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-        if (big_endian) {
-          const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-          nextin = _mm_shuffle_epi8(nextin, swap);
-        }
-        if(!_mm_testz_si128(nextin, v_ff80)) {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in,in);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 8;
-          utf8_output += 8;
-          in = nextin;
-        } else {
-          // 1. pack the bytes
-          // obviously suboptimal.
-          const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in,nextin);
-          // 2. store (16 bytes)
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-          // 3. adjust pointers
-          buf += 16;
-          utf8_output += 16;
-          continue; // we are done for this round!
-        }
-    }
-
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m128i one_byte_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m128i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      internal::westmere::write_v_u16_11bits_to_utf8(in, utf8_output, one_byte_bytemask, one_byte_bitmask);
-      buf += 8;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m128i surrogates_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-        const __m128i dup_even = _mm_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                                0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-        /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-           1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-           2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-           3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-          We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-          we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-          layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-          in register t2.
-
-          We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-          either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-          differ by exactly one bit.
-
-          Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-          into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-        */
-        /**
-         * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-         * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-         * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-         */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, dup_even);
-        // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-        // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-        const __m128i t2 = _mm_or_si128 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-        // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-        const __m128i s0 = _mm_srli_epi16(in, 4);
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-        const __m128i s1 = _mm_and_si128(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-        // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-        const __m128i s2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-        // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-        const __m128i s3 = _mm_or_si128(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-        const __m128i m0 = _mm_andnot_si128(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-        const __m128i s4 = _mm_xor_si128(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-        // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-        const __m128i out0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-        const __m128i out1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-        // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-        const uint16_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555) |
-                              (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaa);
-        if(mask == 0) {
-          // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-          const __m128i shuffle = _mm_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-          const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-          const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-          utf8_output += 12;
-          buf += 8;
-          continue;
-        }
-        const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-        const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-        const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-
-        const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-        const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += row0[0];
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), utf8_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((value>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((value & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-/*
-    The vectorized algorithm works on single SSE register i.e., it
-    loads eight 16-bit code units.
-
-    We consider three cases:
-    1. an input register contains no surrogates and each value
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0x07ff.
-    2. an input register contains no surrogates and values are
-       is in range 0x0000 .. 0xffff.
-    3. an input register contains surrogates --- i.e. codepoints
-       can have 16 or 32 bits.
-
-    Ad 1.
-
-    When values are less than 0x0800, it means that a 16-bit code unit
-    can be converted into: 1) single UTF8 byte (when it's an ASCII
-    char) or 2) two UTF8 bytes.
-
-    For this case we do only some shuffle to obtain these 2-byte
-    codes and finally compress the whole SSE register with a single
-    shuffle.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-    Ad 2.
-
-    When values fit in 16-bit code units, but are above 0x07ff, then
-    a single word may produce one, two or three UTF8 bytes.
-
-    We prepare data for all these three cases in two registers.
-    The first register contains lower two UTF8 bytes (used in all
-    cases), while the second one contains just the third byte for
-    the three-UTF8-bytes case.
-
-    Finally these two registers are interleaved forming eight-element
-    array of 32-bit values. The array spans two SSE registers.
-    The bytes from the registers are compressed using two shuffles.
-
-    We need 256-entry lookup table to get a compression pattern
-    and the number of output bytes in the compressed vector register.
-    Each entry occupies 17 bytes.
-
-
-    To summarize:
-    - We need two 256-entry tables that have 8704 bytes in total.
-*/
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: the first unprocessed byte from buf and utf8_output
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m128i surrogates_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-      // case: no surrogate pair, extend 16-bit code units to 32-bit code units
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(in));
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+4), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,8)));
-        utf32_output += 8;
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf32_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf32_output);
-}
-
-
-/*
-  Returns a pair: a result struct and utf8_output.
-  If there is an error, the count field of the result is the position of the error.
-  Otherwise, it is the position of the first unprocessed byte in buf (even if finished).
-  A scalar routing should carry on the conversion of the tail if needed.
-*/
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char32_t*> sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-  const char16_t* start = buf;
-  const char16_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0xd800);
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-
-    if (big_endian) {
-      const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-      in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, swap);
-    }
-
-    // 1. Check if there are any surrogate word in the input chunk.
-    //    We have also deal with situation when there is a surrogate word
-    //    at the end of a chunk.
-    const __m128i surrogates_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in, v_f800), v_d800);
-
-    // bitmask = 0x0000 if there are no surrogates
-    //         = 0xc000 if the last word is a surrogate
-    const uint16_t surrogates_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(surrogates_bytemask));
-    // It might seem like checking for surrogates_bitmask == 0xc000 could help. However,
-    // it is likely an uncommon occurrence.
-    if (surrogates_bitmask == 0x0000) {
-      // case: no surrogate pair, extend 16-bit code units to 32-bit code units
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(in));
-        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(utf32_output+4), _mm_cvtepu16_epi32(_mm_srli_si128(in,8)));
-        utf32_output += 8;
-        buf += 8;
-    // surrogate pair(s) in a register
-    } else {
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint16_t word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k]) : buf[k];
-        if((word &0xF800 ) != 0xD800) {
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // must be a surrogate pair
-          uint16_t diff = uint16_t(word - 0xD800);
-          uint16_t next_word = big_endian ? scalar::utf16::swap_bytes(buf[k+1]) : buf[k+1];
-          k++;
-          uint16_t diff2 = uint16_t(next_word - 0xDC00);
-          if((diff | diff2) > 0x3FF)  { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k - 1), utf32_output); }
-          uint32_t value = (diff << 10) + diff2 + 0x10000;
-          *utf32_output++ = char32_t(value);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf32_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32.cpp */
-
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t *, char *>
-sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                            char *latin1_output) {
-  const size_t rounded_len = len & ~0xF; // Round down to nearest multiple of 16
-
-  __m128i high_bytes_mask = _mm_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFF00);
-  __m128i shufmask =
-      _mm_set_epi8(-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-    __m128i in1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)buf);
-    __m128i in2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 4));
-    __m128i in3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 8));
-    __m128i in4 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 12));
-
-    __m128i check_combined = _mm_or_si128(in1, in2);
-    check_combined = _mm_or_si128(check_combined, in3);
-    check_combined = _mm_or_si128(check_combined, in4);
-
-    if (!_mm_testz_si128(check_combined, high_bytes_mask)) {
-      return std::make_pair(nullptr, latin1_output);
-    }
-    __m128i pack1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi8(in1, shufmask), _mm_shuffle_epi8(in2, shufmask));
-    __m128i pack2 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi8(in3, shufmask), _mm_shuffle_epi8(in4, shufmask));
-    __m128i pack = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(pack1, pack2);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output, pack);
-    latin1_output += 16;
-    buf += 16;
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, latin1_output);
-}
-
-std::pair<result, char *>
-sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len,
-                                        char *latin1_output) {
-  const char32_t *start = buf;
-  const size_t rounded_len = len & ~0xF; // Round down to nearest multiple of 16
-
-  __m128i high_bytes_mask = _mm_set1_epi32(0xFFFFFF00);
-  __m128i shufmask =
-      _mm_set_epi8(-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 12, 8, 4, 0);
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < rounded_len; i += 16) {
-    __m128i in1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)buf);
-    __m128i in2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 4));
-    __m128i in3 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 8));
-    __m128i in4 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)(buf + 12));
-
-    __m128i check_combined = _mm_or_si128(in1, in2);
-    check_combined = _mm_or_si128(check_combined, in3);
-    check_combined = _mm_or_si128(check_combined, in4);
-
-    if (!_mm_testz_si128(check_combined, high_bytes_mask)) {
-      // Fallback to scalar code for handling errors
-      for (int k = 0; k < 16; k++) {
-        char32_t codepoint = buf[k];
-        if (codepoint <= 0xff) {
-          *latin1_output++ = char(codepoint);
-        } else {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k),
-                                latin1_output);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += 16;
-      continue;
-    }
-    __m128i pack1 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi8(in1, shufmask), _mm_shuffle_epi8(in2, shufmask));
-    __m128i pack2 = _mm_unpacklo_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi8(in3, shufmask), _mm_shuffle_epi8(in4, shufmask));
-    __m128i pack = _mm_unpacklo_epi64(pack1, pack2);
-    _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)latin1_output, pack);
-    latin1_output += 16;
-    buf += 16;
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start),
-                        latin1_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();//__m128 = 128 bits
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800); //1111 1000 0000 0000
-  const __m128i v_c080 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080); //1100 0000 1000 0000
-  const __m128i v_ff80 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80); //1111 1111 1000 0000
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000); //1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
-  const __m128i v_7fffffff = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff); //0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
-  __m128i running_max = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  __m128i forbidden_bytemask = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) { //buf is a char32_t pointer, each char32_t has 4 bytes or 32 bits, thus buf + 16 * char_32t = 512 bits = 64 bytes
-    // We load two 16 bytes registers for a total of 32 bytes or 16 characters.
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);//These two values can hold only 8 UTF32 chars
-    running_max = _mm_max_epu32(
-                                _mm_max_epu32(in, running_max), //take element-wise max char32_t from in and running_max vector
-                                 nextin); //and take element-wise max element from nextin and running_max vector
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m128i in_16 = _mm_packus_epi32(
-                                      _mm_and_si128(in, v_7fffffff),
-                                      _mm_and_si128(nextin, v_7fffffff)
-                                      );//in this context pack the two __m128 into a single
-    //By ensuring the highest bit is set to 0(&v_7fffffff), we're making sure all values are interpreted as non-negative, or specifically, the values are within the range of valid Unicode code points.
-    //remember : having leading byte 0 means a positive number by the two complements system. Unicode is well beneath the range where you'll start getting issues so that's OK.
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 from ./sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp
-
-    // Check for ASCII fast path
-
-    // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // We eagerly load another 32 bytes, hoping that they will be ASCII too.
-      // The intuition is that we try to collect 16 ASCII characters which requires
-      // a total of 64 bytes of input. If we fail, we just pass thirdin and fourthin
-      // as our new inputs.
-    if(_mm_testz_si128(in_16, v_ff80)) {  //if the first two blocks are ASCII
-      __m128i thirdin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+2);
-      __m128i fourthin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+3);
-      running_max = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_max_epu32(thirdin, running_max), fourthin);//take the running max of all 4 vectors thus far
-      __m128i nextin_16 = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm_and_si128(thirdin, v_7fffffff), _mm_and_si128(fourthin, v_7fffffff));//pack into 1 vector, now you have two
-      if(!_mm_testz_si128(nextin_16, v_ff80)) {  //checks if the second packed vector is ASCII, if not:
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        // obviously suboptimal.
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in_16,in_16); //creates two copy of in_16 in 1 vector
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed); //put them into the output
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8; //the char32_t buffer pointer goes up 8 char32_t chars* 32 bits =  256 bits
-        utf8_output += 8; //same with output, e.g. lift the first two blocks alone.
-        // Proceed with next input
-        in_16 = nextin_16;
-        // We need to update in and nextin because they are used later.
-        in = thirdin;
-        nextin = fourthin;
-      } else {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in_16, nextin_16);
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 16;
-        utf8_output += 16;
-        continue; // we are done for this round!
-      }
-    }
-
-    // no bits set above 7th bit -- find out all the ASCII characters
-    const __m128i one_byte_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16( // this takes four bytes at a time and compares:
-                                                      _mm_and_si128(in_16, v_ff80), // the vector that get only the first 9 bits of each 16-bit/2-byte units
-                                                       v_0000 //
-                                                       ); // they should be all zero if they are ASCII. E.g. ASCII in UTF32 is of format 0000 0000 0000 0XXX XXXX
-    // _mm_cmpeq_epi16 should now return a 1111 1111 1111 1111 for equals, and 0000 0000 0000 0000 if not for each 16-bit/2-byte units
-    const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask)); // collect the MSB from previous vector and put them into uint16_t mas
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m128i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // case: all code units either produce 1 or 2 UTF-8 bytes (at least one produces 2 bytes)
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m128i v_1f00 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00); // 0001 1111 0000 0000
-      const __m128i v_003f = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f); // 0000 0000 0011 1111
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m128i t0 = _mm_slli_epi16(in_16, 2); // shift packed vector by two
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, v_1f00); // potentital first utf8 byte
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t2 = _mm_and_si128(in_16, v_003f);// potential second utf8 byte
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t3 = _mm_or_si128(t1, t2); // first and second potential utf8 byte together
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t4 = _mm_or_si128(t3, v_c080); // t3 | 1100 0000 1000 0000 = full potential 2-byte utf8 unit
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m128i utf8_unpacked = _mm_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      //    one_byte_bitmask = hhggffeeddccbbaa -- the bits are doubled (h - MSB, a - LSB)
-      const uint16_t m0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555;  // m0 = 0h0g0f0e0d0c0b0a
-      const uint16_t m1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(m0 >> 7);                    // m1 = 00000000h0g0f0e0
-      const uint8_t  m2 = static_cast<uint8_t>((m0 | m1) & 0xff);           // m2 =         hdgcfbea
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 8;
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Check for overflow in packing
-
-    const __m128i saturation_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_or_si128(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-      const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm_or_si128(forbidden_bytemask, _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in_16, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      const __m128i dup_even = _mm_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-          1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-          2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-          3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t2 = _mm_or_si128 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m128i s0 = _mm_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m128i s1 = _mm_and_si128(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m128i s2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m128i s3 = _mm_or_si128(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m128i m0 = _mm_andnot_si128(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m128i s4 = _mm_xor_si128(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m128i out0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m128i out1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint16_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaa);
-      if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m128i shuffle = _mm_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 8;
-        continue;
-      }
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word produce a surrogate pair in UTF-16 <=> will produce four UTF-8 bytes
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xFFFF0000 )==0) {
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  const __m128i v_10ffff = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-  if(static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_max_epu32(running_max, v_10ffff), v_10ffff))) != 0xffff) {
-    return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output);
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf8_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf8_output);
-}
-
-
-std::pair<result, char*> sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) {
-
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-  const __m128i v_c080 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xc080);
-  const __m128i v_ff80 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xff80);
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  const __m128i v_7fffffff = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x7fffffff);
-  const __m128i v_10ffff = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0x10ffff);
-
-  const size_t safety_margin = 12; // to avoid overruns, see issue https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/92
-
-  while (buf + 16 + safety_margin <= end) {
-    // We load two 16 bytes registers for a total of 32 bytes or 16 characters.
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-
-    // Check for too large input
-    __m128i max_input = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_max_epu32(in, nextin), v_10ffff);
-    if(static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_cmpeq_epi32(max_input, v_10ffff))) != 0xffff) {
-      return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-    }
-
-    // Pack 32-bit UTF-32 code units to 16-bit UTF-16 code units with unsigned saturation
-    __m128i in_16 = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm_and_si128(in, v_7fffffff), _mm_and_si128(nextin, v_7fffffff));
-
-    // Try to apply UTF-16 => UTF-8 from ./sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8.cpp
-
-    // Check for ASCII fast path
-    if(_mm_testz_si128(in_16, v_ff80)) { // ASCII fast path!!!!
-      // We eagerly load another 32 bytes, hoping that they will be ASCII too.
-      // The intuition is that we try to collect 16 ASCII characters which requires
-      // a total of 64 bytes of input. If we fail, we just pass thirdin and fourthin
-      // as our new inputs.
-      __m128i thirdin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+2);
-      __m128i fourthin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+3);
-      __m128i nextin_16 = _mm_packus_epi32(_mm_and_si128(thirdin, v_7fffffff), _mm_and_si128(fourthin, v_7fffffff));
-      if(!_mm_testz_si128(nextin_16, v_ff80)) {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        // obviously suboptimal.
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in_16,in_16);
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 8;
-        utf8_output += 8;
-        // Proceed with next input
-        in_16 = nextin_16;
-        __m128i next_max_input = _mm_max_epu32(_mm_max_epu32(thirdin, fourthin), v_10ffff);
-        if(static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_cmpeq_epi32(next_max_input, v_10ffff))) != 0xffff) {
-          return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-        }
-        // We need to update in and nextin because they are used later.
-        in = thirdin;
-        nextin = fourthin;
-      } else {
-        // 1. pack the bytes
-        const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_packus_epi16(in_16, nextin_16);
-        // 2. store (16 bytes)
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-        // 3. adjust pointers
-        buf += 16;
-        utf8_output += 16;
-        continue; // we are done for this round!
-      }
-    }
-
-    // no bits set above 7th bit
-    const __m128i one_byte_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in_16, v_ff80), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_byte_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_byte_bytemask));
-
-    // no bits set above 11th bit
-    const __m128i one_or_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in_16, v_f800), v_0000);
-    const uint16_t one_or_two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    if (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // case: all code units either produce 1 or 2 UTF-8 bytes (at least one produces 2 bytes)
-      // 1. prepare 2-byte values
-      // input 16-bit word : [0000|0aaa|aabb|bbbb] x 8
-      // expected output   : [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb] x 8
-      const __m128i v_1f00 = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x1f00);
-      const __m128i v_003f = _mm_set1_epi16((int16_t)0x003f);
-
-      // t0 = [000a|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m128i t0 = _mm_slli_epi16(in_16, 2);
-      // t1 = [000a|aaaa|0000|0000]
-      const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, v_1f00);
-      // t2 = [0000|0000|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t2 = _mm_and_si128(in_16, v_003f);
-      // t3 = [000a|aaaa|00bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t3 = _mm_or_si128(t1, t2);
-      // t4 = [110a|aaaa|10bb|bbbb]
-      const __m128i t4 = _mm_or_si128(t3, v_c080);
-
-      // 2. merge ASCII and 2-byte codewords
-      const __m128i utf8_unpacked = _mm_blendv_epi8(t4, in_16, one_byte_bytemask);
-
-      // 3. prepare bitmask for 8-bit lookup
-      //    one_byte_bitmask = hhggffeeddccbbaa -- the bits are doubled (h - MSB, a - LSB)
-      const uint16_t m0 = one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555;  // m0 = 0h0g0f0e0d0c0b0a
-      const uint16_t m1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(m0 >> 7);                    // m1 = 00000000h0g0f0e0
-      const uint8_t  m2 = static_cast<uint8_t>((m0 | m1) & 0xff);           // m2 =         hdgcfbea
-      // 4. pack the bytes
-      const uint8_t* row = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_utf8_bytes[m2][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf8_unpacked, shuffle);
-
-      // 5. store bytes
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_packed);
-
-      // 6. adjust pointers
-      buf += 8;
-      utf8_output += row[0];
-      continue;
-    }
-
-
-    // Check for overflow in packing
-    const __m128i saturation_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_or_si128(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // case: code units from register produce either 1, 2 or 3 UTF-8 bytes
-
-      // Check for illegal surrogate code units
-      const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const __m128i forbidden_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(in_16, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf8_output);
-      }
-
-      const __m128i dup_even = _mm_setr_epi16(0x0000, 0x0202, 0x0404, 0x0606,
-                                              0x0808, 0x0a0a, 0x0c0c, 0x0e0e);
-
-      /* In this branch we handle three cases:
-          1. [0000|0000|0ccc|cccc] => [0ccc|cccc]                           - single UFT-8 byte
-          2. [0000|0bbb|bbcc|cccc] => [110b|bbbb], [10cc|cccc]              - two UTF-8 bytes
-          3. [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [1110|aaaa], [10bb|bbbb], [10cc|cccc] - three UTF-8 bytes
-
-        We expand the input word (16-bit) into two code units (32-bit), thus
-        we have room for four bytes. However, we need five distinct bit
-        layouts. Note that the last byte in cases #2 and #3 is the same.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #1 and the common byte for cases #2 & #3
-        in register t2.
-
-        We precompute byte 1 for case #3 and -- **conditionally** -- precompute
-        either byte 1 for case #2 or byte 2 for case #3. Note that they
-        differ by exactly one bit.
-
-        Finally from these two code units we build proper UTF-8 sequence, taking
-        into account the case (i.e, the number of bytes to write).
-      */
-      /**
-       * Given [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] our goal is to produce:
-       * t2 => [0ccc|cccc] [10cc|cccc]
-       * s4 => [1110|aaaa] ([110b|bbbb] OR [10bb|bbbb])
-       */
-#define simdutf_vec(x) _mm_set1_epi16(static_cast<uint16_t>(x))
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] => [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in_16, dup_even);
-      // [bbcc|cccc|bbcc|cccc] => [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t1 = _mm_and_si128(t0, simdutf_vec(0b0011111101111111));
-      // [00cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc] => [10cc|cccc|0bcc|cccc]
-      const __m128i t2 = _mm_or_si128 (t1, simdutf_vec(0b1000000000000000));
-
-      // [aaaa|bbbb|bbcc|cccc] =>  [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc]
-      const __m128i s0 = _mm_srli_epi16(in_16, 4);
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bbcc] => [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00]
-      const __m128i s1 = _mm_and_si128(s0, simdutf_vec(0b0000111111111100));
-      // [0000|aaaa|bbbb|bb00] => [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa]
-      const __m128i s2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(s1, simdutf_vec(0x0140));
-      // [00bb|bbbb|0000|aaaa] => [11bb|bbbb|1110|aaaa]
-      const __m128i s3 = _mm_or_si128(s2, simdutf_vec(0b1100000011100000));
-      const __m128i m0 = _mm_andnot_si128(one_or_two_bytes_bytemask, simdutf_vec(0b0100000000000000));
-      const __m128i s4 = _mm_xor_si128(s3, m0);
-#undef simdutf_vec
-
-      // 4. expand code units 16-bit => 32-bit
-      const __m128i out0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t2, s4);
-      const __m128i out1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t2, s4);
-
-      // 5. compress 32-bit code units into 1, 2 or 3 bytes -- 2 x shuffle
-      const uint16_t mask = (one_byte_bitmask & 0x5555) |
-                            (one_or_two_bytes_bitmask & 0xaaaa);
-      if(mask == 0) {
-        // We only have three-byte code units. Use fast path.
-        const __m128i shuffle = _mm_setr_epi8(2,3,1,6,7,5,10,11,9,14,15,13,-1,-1,-1,-1);
-        const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle);
-        const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle);
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-        utf8_output += 12;
-        buf += 8;
-        continue;
-      }
-      const uint8_t mask0 = uint8_t(mask);
-
-      const uint8_t* row0 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask0][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle0 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row0 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out0, shuffle0);
-
-      const uint8_t mask1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(mask >> 8);
-
-      const uint8_t* row1 = &simdutf::tables::utf16_to_utf8::pack_1_2_3_utf8_bytes[mask1][0];
-      const __m128i shuffle1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(row1 + 1));
-      const __m128i utf8_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(out1, shuffle1);
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_0);
-      utf8_output += row0[0];
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf8_output, utf8_1);
-      utf8_output += row1[0];
-
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      // case: at least one 32-bit word produce a surrogate pair in UTF-16 <=> will produce four UTF-8 bytes
-      // Let us do a scalar fallback.
-      // It may seem wasteful to use scalar code, but being efficient with SIMD
-      // in the presence of surrogate pairs may require non-trivial tables.
-      size_t forward = 15;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFFFF80)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char(word);
-        } else if((word & 0xFFFFF800)==0) {
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>6) | 0b11000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else if((word &0xFFFF0000 )==0) {
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>12) | 0b11100000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        } else {
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf- start + k), utf8_output); }
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word>>18) | 0b11110000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>12) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char(((word>>6) & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-          *utf8_output++ = char((word & 0b111111) | 0b10000000);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  } // while
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf8_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-  __m128i forbidden_bytemask = _mm_setzero_si128();
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-    const __m128i saturation_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_or_si128(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // Pack UTF-32 to UTF-16
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(in, nextin);
-
-      const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-      const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      forbidden_bytemask = _mm_or_si128(forbidden_bytemask, _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(utf16_packed, v_f800), v_d800));
-
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // check for invalid input
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) { return std::make_pair(nullptr, utf16_output); }
-
-  return std::make_pair(buf, utf16_output);
-}
-
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-std::pair<result, char16_t*> sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-  const char32_t* start = buf;
-  const char32_t* end = buf + len;
-
-  const __m128i v_0000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((int32_t)0xffff0000);
-
-  while (buf + 8 <= end) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf);
-    __m128i nextin = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)buf+1);
-    const __m128i saturation_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(_mm_or_si128(in, nextin), v_ffff0000), v_0000);
-    const uint32_t saturation_bitmask = static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(saturation_bytemask));
-
-    // Check if no bits set above 16th
-    if (saturation_bitmask == 0xffff) {
-      // Pack UTF-32 to UTF-16
-      __m128i utf16_packed = _mm_packus_epi32(in, nextin);
-
-      const __m128i v_f800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xf800);
-      const __m128i v_d800 = _mm_set1_epi16((uint16_t)0xd800);
-      const __m128i forbidden_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi16(_mm_and_si128(utf16_packed, v_f800), v_d800);
-      if (static_cast<uint32_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(forbidden_bytemask)) != 0) {
-        return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start), utf16_output);
-      }
-
-      if (big_endian) {
-        const __m128i swap = _mm_setr_epi8(1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 8, 11, 10, 13, 12, 15, 14);
-        utf16_packed = _mm_shuffle_epi8(utf16_packed, swap);
-      }
-
-      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)utf16_output, utf16_packed);
-      utf16_output += 8;
-      buf += 8;
-    } else {
-      size_t forward = 7;
-      size_t k = 0;
-      if(size_t(end - buf) < forward + 1) { forward = size_t(end - buf - 1);}
-      for(; k < forward; k++) {
-        uint32_t word = buf[k];
-        if((word & 0xFFFF0000)==0) {
-          // will not generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word >= 0xD800 && word <= 0xDFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SURROGATE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          *utf16_output++ = big_endian ? char16_t((uint16_t(word) >> 8) | (uint16_t(word) << 8)) : char16_t(word);
-        } else {
-          // will generate a surrogate pair
-          if (word > 0x10FFFF) { return std::make_pair(result(error_code::TOO_LARGE, buf - start + k), utf16_output); }
-          word -= 0x10000;
-          uint16_t high_surrogate = uint16_t(0xD800 + (word >> 10));
-          uint16_t low_surrogate = uint16_t(0xDC00 + (word & 0x3FF));
-          if (big_endian) {
-            high_surrogate = uint16_t((high_surrogate >> 8) | (high_surrogate << 8));
-            low_surrogate = uint16_t((low_surrogate >> 8) | (low_surrogate << 8));
-          }
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(high_surrogate);
-          *utf16_output++ = char16_t(low_surrogate);
-        }
-      }
-      buf += k;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return std::make_pair(result(error_code::SUCCESS, buf - start), utf16_output);
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16.cpp */
-/* begin file src/westmere/sse_base64.cpp */
-/**
- * References and further reading:
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Base64 encoding and decoding at almost the
- * speed of a memory copy, Software: Practice and Experience 50 (2), 2020.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05109
- *
- * Wojciech Muła, Daniel Lemire, Faster Base64 Encoding and Decoding using AVX2
- * Instructions, ACM Transactions on the Web 12 (3), 2018.
- * https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.00605
- *
- * Simon Josefsson. 2006. The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings.
- * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648. (2006). Internet Engineering Task Force,
- * Request for Comments: 4648.
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014a. Fast Base64 encoding/decoding with SSE vectorization.
- * http://www.alfredklomp.com/programming/sse-base64/. (2014).
- *
- * Alfred Klomp. 2014b. Fast Base64 stream encoder/decoder in C99, with SIMD
- * acceleration. https://github.com/aklomp/base64. (2014).
- *
- * Hanson Char. 2014. A Fast and Correct Base 64 Codec. (2014).
- * https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/a-fast-and-correct-base-64-codec/
- *
- * Nick Kopp. 2013. Base64 Encoding on a GPU.
- * https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/276993/Base-Encoding-on-a-GPU. (2013).
- */
-template <bool base64_url> __m128i lookup_pshufb_improved(const __m128i input) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  // reduce  0..51 -> 0
-  //        52..61 -> 1 .. 10
-  //            62 -> 11
-  //            63 -> 12
-  __m128i result = _mm_subs_epu8(input, _mm_set1_epi8(51));
-
-  // distinguish between ranges 0..25 and 26..51:
-  //         0 .. 25 -> remains 0
-  //        26 .. 51 -> becomes 13
-  const __m128i less = _mm_cmpgt_epi8(_mm_set1_epi8(26), input);
-  result = _mm_or_si128(result, _mm_and_si128(less, _mm_set1_epi8(13)));
-
-  __m128i shift_LUT;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    shift_LUT = _mm_setr_epi8('a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-                              '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-                              '0' - 52, '-' - 62, '_' - 63, 'A', 0, 0);
-  } else {
-    shift_LUT = _mm_setr_epi8('a' - 26, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-                              '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52, '0' - 52,
-                              '0' - 52, '+' - 62, '/' - 63, 'A', 0, 0);
-  }
-
-  // read shift
-  result = _mm_shuffle_epi8(shift_LUT, result);
-
-  return _mm_add_epi8(result, input);
-}
-
-template <base64_options options>
-size_t encode_base64(char *dst, const char *src, size_t srclen) {
-  // credit: Wojciech Muła
-  // SSE (lookup: pshufb improved unrolled)
-  const uint8_t *input = (const uint8_t *)src;
-
-  uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)dst;
-  const __m128i shuf =
-      _mm_set_epi8(10, 11, 9, 10, 7, 8, 6, 7, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 0, 1);
-
-  size_t i = 0;
-  for (; i + 52 <= srclen; i += 48) {
-    __m128i in0 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 0));
-    __m128i in1 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 1));
-    __m128i in2 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 2));
-    __m128i in3 = _mm_loadu_si128(
-        reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i + 4 * 3 * 3));
-
-    in0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in0, shuf);
-    in1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in1, shuf);
-    in2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in2, shuf);
-    in3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in3, shuf);
-
-    const __m128i t0_0 = _mm_and_si128(in0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m128i t0_1 = _mm_and_si128(in1, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m128i t0_2 = _mm_and_si128(in2, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    const __m128i t0_3 = _mm_and_si128(in3, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-
-    const __m128i t1_0 = _mm_mulhi_epu16(t0_0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m128i t1_1 = _mm_mulhi_epu16(t0_1, _mm_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m128i t1_2 = _mm_mulhi_epu16(t0_2, _mm_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-    const __m128i t1_3 = _mm_mulhi_epu16(t0_3, _mm_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-
-    const __m128i t2_0 = _mm_and_si128(in0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m128i t2_1 = _mm_and_si128(in1, _mm_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m128i t2_2 = _mm_and_si128(in2, _mm_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    const __m128i t2_3 = _mm_and_si128(in3, _mm_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-
-    const __m128i t3_0 = _mm_mullo_epi16(t2_0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m128i t3_1 = _mm_mullo_epi16(t2_1, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m128i t3_2 = _mm_mullo_epi16(t2_2, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-    const __m128i t3_3 = _mm_mullo_epi16(t2_3, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-
-    const __m128i input0 = _mm_or_si128(t1_0, t3_0);
-    const __m128i input1 = _mm_or_si128(t1_1, t3_1);
-    const __m128i input2 = _mm_or_si128(t1_2, t3_2);
-    const __m128i input3 = _mm_or_si128(t1_3, t3_3);
-
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(out),
-                     lookup_pshufb_improved<options & base64_url>(input0));
-    out += 16;
-
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(out),
-                     lookup_pshufb_improved<options & base64_url>(input1));
-    out += 16;
-
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(out),
-                     lookup_pshufb_improved<options & base64_url>(input2));
-    out += 16;
-
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(out),
-                     lookup_pshufb_improved<options & base64_url>(input3));
-    out += 16;
-  }
-  for (; i + 16 <= srclen; i += 12) {
-
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(input + i));
-
-    // bytes from groups A, B and C are needed in separate 32-bit lanes
-    // in = [DDDD|CCCC|BBBB|AAAA]
-    //
-    //      an input triplet has layout
-    //      [????????|ccdddddd|bbbbcccc|aaaaaabb]
-    //        byte 3   byte 2   byte 1   byte 0    -- byte 3 comes from the next
-    //        triplet
-    //
-    //      shuffling changes the order of bytes: 1, 0, 2, 1
-    //      [bbbbcccc|ccdddddd|aaaaaabb|bbbbcccc]
-    //           ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^
-    //                  processed bits
-    in = _mm_shuffle_epi8(in, shuf);
-
-    // unpacking
-
-    // t0    = [0000cccc|cc000000|aaaaaa00|00000000]
-    const __m128i t0 = _mm_and_si128(in, _mm_set1_epi32(0x0fc0fc00));
-    // t1    = [00000000|00cccccc|00000000|00aaaaaa]
-    //          (c * (1 << 10), a * (1 << 6)) >> 16 (note: an unsigned
-    //          multiplication)
-    const __m128i t1 = _mm_mulhi_epu16(t0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x04000040));
-
-    // t2    = [00000000|00dddddd|000000bb|bbbb0000]
-    const __m128i t2 = _mm_and_si128(in, _mm_set1_epi32(0x003f03f0));
-    // t3    = [00dddddd|00000000|00bbbbbb|00000000](
-    //          (d * (1 << 8), b * (1 << 4))
-    const __m128i t3 = _mm_mullo_epi16(t2, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01000010));
-
-    // res   = [00dddddd|00cccccc|00bbbbbb|00aaaaaa] = t1 | t3
-    const __m128i indices = _mm_or_si128(t1, t3);
-
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(out),
-                     lookup_pshufb_improved<options & base64_url>(indices));
-    out += 16;
-  }
-
-  return i / 3 * 4 + scalar::base64::tail_encode_base64((char *)out, src + i,
-                                                        srclen - i, options);
-}
-static inline void compress(__m128i data, uint16_t mask, char *output) {
-  if (mask == 0) {
-    _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), data);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // this particular implementation was inspired by work done by @animetosho
-  // we do it in two steps, first 8 bytes and then second 8 bytes
-  uint8_t mask1 = uint8_t(mask);      // least significant 8 bits
-  uint8_t mask2 = uint8_t(mask >> 8); // most significant 8 bits
-  // next line just loads the 64-bit values thintable_epi8[mask1] and
-  // thintable_epi8[mask2] into a 128-bit register, using only
-  // two instructions on most compilers.
-
-  __m128i shufmask = _mm_set_epi64x(tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask2],
-                                    tables::base64::thintable_epi8[mask1]);
-  // we increment by 0x08 the second half of the mask
-  shufmask =
-      _mm_add_epi8(shufmask, _mm_set_epi32(0x08080808, 0x08080808, 0, 0));
-  // this is the version "nearly pruned"
-  __m128i pruned = _mm_shuffle_epi8(data, shufmask);
-  // we still need to put the two halves together.
-  // we compute the popcount of the first half:
-  int pop1 = tables::base64::BitsSetTable256mul2[mask1];
-  // then load the corresponding mask, what it does is to write
-  // only the first pop1 bytes from the first 8 bytes, and then
-  // it fills in with the bytes from the second 8 bytes + some filling
-  // at the end.
-  __m128i compactmask = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(
-      tables::base64::pshufb_combine_table + pop1 * 8));
-  __m128i answer = _mm_shuffle_epi8(pruned, compactmask);
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), answer);
-}
-
-struct block64 {
-  __m128i chunks[4];
-};
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-static inline uint16_t to_base64_mask(__m128i *src, bool *error) {
-  const __m128i ascii_space_tbl =
-      _mm_setr_epi8(0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0xa, 0x0,
-                    0xc, 0xd, 0x0, 0x0);
-  // credit: aqrit
-  __m128i delta_asso;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    delta_asso = _mm_setr_epi8(0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0,
-                               0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0xF);
-  } else {
-
-    delta_asso = _mm_setr_epi8(0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
-                               0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x0F);
-  }
-  __m128i delta_values;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    delta_values = _mm_setr_epi8(0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x4, uint8_t(0xBF),
-                                 uint8_t(0xBF), uint8_t(0xB9), uint8_t(0xB9),
-                                 0x0, 0x11, uint8_t(0xC3), uint8_t(0xBF),
-                                 uint8_t(0xE0), uint8_t(0xB9), uint8_t(0xB9));
-  } else {
-
-    delta_values =
-        _mm_setr_epi8(int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x13),
-                      int8_t(0x04), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xB9),
-                      int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0x00), int8_t(0x10), int8_t(0xC3),
-                      int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xB9), int8_t(0xB9));
-  }
-  __m128i check_asso;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    check_asso = _mm_setr_epi8(0xD, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1, 0x1,
-                               0x3, 0x7, 0xB, 0x6, 0xB, 0x12);
-  } else {
-
-    check_asso = _mm_setr_epi8(0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
-                               0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0B, 0x0F);
-  }
-  __m128i check_values;
-  if (base64_url) {
-    check_values = _mm_setr_epi8(0x0, uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0x80),
-                                 uint8_t(0x80), uint8_t(0xCF), uint8_t(0xBF),
-                                 uint8_t(0xD3), uint8_t(0xA6), uint8_t(0xB5),
-                                 uint8_t(0x86), uint8_t(0xD0), uint8_t(0x80),
-                                 uint8_t(0xB0), uint8_t(0x80), 0x0, 0x0);
-  } else {
-
-    check_values =
-        _mm_setr_epi8(int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x80),
-                      int8_t(0xCF), int8_t(0xBF), int8_t(0xD5), int8_t(0xA6),
-                      int8_t(0xB5), int8_t(0x86), int8_t(0xD1), int8_t(0x80),
-                      int8_t(0xB1), int8_t(0x80), int8_t(0x91), int8_t(0x80));
-  }
-  const __m128i shifted = _mm_srli_epi32(*src, 3);
-
-  const __m128i delta_hash =
-      _mm_avg_epu8(_mm_shuffle_epi8(delta_asso, *src), shifted);
-  const __m128i check_hash =
-      _mm_avg_epu8(_mm_shuffle_epi8(check_asso, *src), shifted);
-
-  const __m128i out =
-      _mm_adds_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi8(delta_values, delta_hash), *src);
-  const __m128i chk =
-      _mm_adds_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi8(check_values, check_hash), *src);
-  const int mask = _mm_movemask_epi8(chk);
-  if (mask) {
-    __m128i ascii_space =
-        _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_shuffle_epi8(ascii_space_tbl, *src), *src);
-    *error |= (mask != _mm_movemask_epi8(ascii_space));
-  }
-  *src = out;
-  return (uint16_t)mask;
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url>
-static inline uint64_t to_base64_mask(block64 *b, bool *error) {
-  *error = 0;
-  uint64_t m0 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[0], error);
-  uint64_t m1 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[1], error);
-  uint64_t m2 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[2], error);
-  uint64_t m3 = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b->chunks[3], error);
-  return m0 | (m1 << 16) | (m2 << 32) | (m3 << 48);
-}
-
-static inline void copy_block(block64 *b, char *output) {
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output), b->chunks[0]);
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output + 16), b->chunks[1]);
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output + 32), b->chunks[2]);
-  _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(output + 48), b->chunks[3]);
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t compress_block(block64 *b, uint64_t mask, char *output) {
-  uint64_t nmask = ~mask;
-  compress(b->chunks[0], uint16_t(mask), output);
-  compress(b->chunks[1], uint16_t(mask >> 16),
-           output + _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask & 0xFFFF));
-  compress(b->chunks[2], uint16_t(mask >> 32),
-           output + _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask & 0xFFFFFFFF));
-  compress(b->chunks[3], uint16_t(mask >> 48),
-           output + _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFULL));
-  return _mm_popcnt_u64(nmask);
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 64 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char *src) {
-  b->chunks[0] = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src));
-  b->chunks[1] = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 16));
-  b->chunks[2] = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 32));
-  b->chunks[3] = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 48));
-}
-
-// The caller of this function is responsible to ensure that there are 128 bytes available
-// from reading at src. The data is read into a block64 structure.
-static inline void load_block(block64 *b, const char16_t *src) {
-  __m128i m1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src));
-  __m128i m2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 8));
-  __m128i m3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 16));
-  __m128i m4 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 24));
-  __m128i m5 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 32));
-  __m128i m6 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 40));
-  __m128i m7 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 48));
-  __m128i m8 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 56));
-  b->chunks[0] = _mm_packus_epi16(m1, m2);
-  b->chunks[1] = _mm_packus_epi16(m3, m4);
-  b->chunks[2] = _mm_packus_epi16(m5, m6);
-  b->chunks[3] = _mm_packus_epi16(m7, m8);
-}
-
-static inline void base64_decode(char *out, __m128i str) {
-  // credit: aqrit
-
-  const __m128i pack_shuffle =
-      _mm_setr_epi8(2, 1, 0, 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 8, 14, 13, 12, -1, -1, -1, -1);
-
-  const __m128i t0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(str, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01400140));
-  const __m128i t1 = _mm_madd_epi16(t0, _mm_set1_epi32(0x00011000));
-  const __m128i t2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(t1, pack_shuffle);
-  // Store the output:
-  // this writes 16 bytes, but we only need 12.
-  _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)out, t2);
-}
-// decode 64 bytes and output 48 bytes
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, const char *src) {
-  base64_decode(out, _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src)));
-  base64_decode(out + 12,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 16)));
-  base64_decode(out + 24,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 32)));
-  base64_decode(out + 36,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 48)));
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block_safe(char *out, const char *src) {
-  base64_decode(out, _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src)));
-  base64_decode(out + 12,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 16)));
-  base64_decode(out + 24,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 32)));
-  char buffer[16];
-  base64_decode(buffer,
-                _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src + 48)));
-  std::memcpy(out + 36, buffer, 12);
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block(char *out, block64 *b) {
-  base64_decode(out, b->chunks[0]);
-  base64_decode(out + 12, b->chunks[1]);
-  base64_decode(out + 24, b->chunks[2]);
-  base64_decode(out + 36, b->chunks[3]);
-}
-static inline void base64_decode_block_safe(char *out, block64 *b) {
-  base64_decode(out, b->chunks[0]);
-  base64_decode(out + 12, b->chunks[1]);
-  base64_decode(out + 24, b->chunks[2]);
-  char buffer[16];
-  base64_decode(buffer, b->chunks[3]);
-  std::memcpy(out + 36, buffer, 12);
-}
-
-template <bool base64_url, typename chartype>
-result compress_decode_base64(char *dst, const chartype *src, size_t srclen,
-                              base64_options options) {
-  const uint8_t *to_base64 = base64_url ? tables::base64::to_base64_url_value
-                                        : tables::base64::to_base64_value;
-  // skip trailing spaces
-  while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-    srclen--;
-  }
-  size_t equalsigns = 0;
-  if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-    srclen--;
-    equalsigns = 1;
-    // skip trailing spaces
-    while (srclen > 0 && to_base64[uint8_t(src[srclen - 1])] == 64) {
-      srclen--;
-    }
-    if (srclen > 0 && src[srclen - 1] == '=') {
-      srclen--;
-      equalsigns = 2;
-    }
-  }
-  char *end_of_safe_64byte_zone =
-      (srclen + 3) / 4 * 3 >= 63 ? dst + (srclen + 3) / 4 * 3 - 63 : dst;
-
-  const chartype *const srcinit = src;
-  const char *const dstinit = dst;
-  const chartype *const srcend = src + srclen;
-
-  constexpr size_t block_size = 6;
-  static_assert(block_size >= 2, "block should of size 2 or more");
-  char buffer[block_size * 64];
-  char *bufferptr = buffer;
-  if (srclen >= 64) {
-    const chartype *const srcend64 = src + srclen - 64;
-    while (src <= srcend64) {
-      block64 b;
-      load_block(&b, src);
-      src += 64;
-      bool error = false;
-      uint64_t badcharmask = to_base64_mask<base64_url>(&b, &error);
-      if (error) {
-        src -= 64;
-        while (src < srcend && to_base64[uint8_t(*src)] <= 64) {
-          src++;
-        }
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      if (badcharmask != 0) {
-        // optimization opportunity: check for simple masks like those made of
-        // continuous 1s followed by continuous 0s. And masks containing a
-        // single bad character.
-        bufferptr += compress_block(&b, badcharmask, bufferptr);
-      } else if (bufferptr != buffer) {
-        copy_block(&b, bufferptr);
-        bufferptr += 64;
-      } else {
-        if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-          base64_decode_block_safe(dst, &b);
-        } else {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, &b);
-        }
-        dst += 48;
-      }
-      if (bufferptr >= (block_size - 1) * 64 + buffer) {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < (block_size - 2); i++) {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + i * 64);
-          dst += 48;
-        }
-        if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-          base64_decode_block_safe(dst, buffer + (block_size - 2) * 64);
-        } else {
-          base64_decode_block(dst, buffer + (block_size - 2) * 64);
-        }
-        dst += 48;
-        std::memcpy(buffer, buffer + (block_size - 1) * 64,
-                    64); // 64 might be too much
-        bufferptr -= (block_size - 1) * 64;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  char *buffer_start = buffer;
-  // Optimization note: if this is almost full, then it is worth our
-  // time, otherwise, we should just decode directly.
-  int last_block = (int)((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64);
-  if (last_block != 0 && srcend - src + last_block >= 64) {
-    while ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0 && src < srcend) {
-      uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-      *bufferptr = char(val);
-      if (val > 64) {
-        return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-      }
-      bufferptr += (val <= 63);
-      src++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (; buffer_start + 64 <= bufferptr; buffer_start += 64) {
-    if (dst >= end_of_safe_64byte_zone) {
-      base64_decode_block_safe(dst, buffer_start);
-    } else {
-      base64_decode_block(dst, buffer_start);
-    }
-    dst += 48;
-  }
-  if ((bufferptr - buffer_start) % 64 != 0) {
-    while (buffer_start + 4 < bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 4);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    if (buffer_start + 4 <= bufferptr) {
-      uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                         (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                        << 8;
-      triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-      std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-
-      dst += 3;
-      buffer_start += 4;
-    }
-    // we may have 1, 2 or 3 bytes left and we need to decode them so let us
-    // bring in src content
-    int leftover = int(bufferptr - buffer_start);
-    if (leftover > 0) {
-      while (leftover < 4 && src < srcend) {
-        uint8_t val = to_base64[uint8_t(*src)];
-        if (val > 64) {
-          return {error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(src - srcinit)};
-        }
-        buffer_start[leftover] = char(val);
-        leftover += (val <= 63);
-        src++;
-      }
-
-      if (leftover == 1) {
-        return {BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-      }
-      if (leftover == 2) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        triple >>= 8;
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 1);
-        dst += 1;
-      } else if (leftover == 3) {
-        uint32_t triple = (uint32_t(buffer_start[0]) << 3 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[1]) << 2 * 6) +
-                          (uint32_t(buffer_start[2]) << 1 * 6);
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-
-        triple >>= 8;
-
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 2);
-        dst += 2;
-      } else {
-        uint32_t triple = ((uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[0])) << 3 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[1])) << 2 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[2])) << 1 * 6) +
-                           (uint32_t(uint8_t(buffer_start[3])) << 0 * 6))
-                          << 8;
-        triple = scalar::utf32::swap_bytes(triple);
-        std::memcpy(dst, &triple, 3);
-        dst += 3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (src < srcend + equalsigns) {
-    result r =
-        scalar::base64::base64_tail_decode(dst, src, srcend - src, options);
-    if (r.error == error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER) {
-      r.count += size_t(src - srcinit);
-      return r;
-    } else {
-      r.count += size_t(dst - dstinit);
-    }
-    if(r.error == error_code::SUCCESS && equalsigns > 0) {
-      // additional checks
-      if((r.count % 3 == 0) || ((r.count % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-        r.error = error_code::INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER;
-      }
-    }
-    return r;
-  }
-  if(equalsigns > 0) {
-    if((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3 == 0) || ((size_t(dst - dstinit) % 3) + 1 + equalsigns != 4)) {
-      return {INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-    }
-  }
-  return {SUCCESS, size_t(dst - dstinit)};
-}
-/* end file src/westmere/sse_base64.cpp */
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-
-// Walks through a buffer in block-sized increments, loading the last part with spaces
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-struct buf_block_reader {
-public:
-  simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len);
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t block_index();
-  simdutf_really_inline bool has_full_block() const;
-  simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *full_block() const;
-  /**
-   * Get the last block, padded with spaces.
-   *
-   * There will always be a last block, with at least 1 byte, unless len == 0 (in which case this
-   * function fills the buffer with spaces and returns 0. In particular, if len == STEP_SIZE there
-   * will be 0 full_blocks and 1 remainder block with STEP_SIZE bytes and no spaces for padding.
-   *
-   * @return the number of effective characters in the last block.
-   */
-  simdutf_really_inline size_t get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const;
-  simdutf_really_inline void advance();
-private:
-  const uint8_t *buf;
-  const size_t len;
-  const size_t lenminusstep;
-  size_t idx;
-};
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text_64(const uint8_t *text) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    buf[i] = int8_t(text[i]) < ' ' ? '_' : int8_t(text[i]);
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-// Routines to print masks and text for debugging bitmask operations
-simdutf_unused static char * format_input_text(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& in) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>) + 1));
-  in.store(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buf));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>); i++) {
-    if (buf[i] < ' ') { buf[i] = '_'; }
-  }
-  buf[sizeof(simd8x64<uint8_t>)] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-simdutf_unused static char * format_mask(uint64_t mask) {
-  static char *buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(64 + 1));
-  for (size_t i=0; i<64; i++) {
-    buf[i] = (mask & (size_t(1) << i)) ? 'X' : ' ';
-  }
-  buf[64] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::buf_block_reader(const uint8_t *_buf, size_t _len) : buf{_buf}, len{_len}, lenminusstep{len < STEP_SIZE ? 0 : len - STEP_SIZE}, idx{0} {}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::block_index() { return idx; }
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline bool buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::has_full_block() const {
-  return idx < lenminusstep;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline const uint8_t *buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::full_block() const {
-  return &buf[idx];
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::get_remainder(uint8_t *dst) const {
-  if(len == idx) { return 0; } // memcpy(dst, null, 0) will trigger an error with some sanitizers
-  std::memset(dst, 0x20, STEP_SIZE); // std::memset STEP_SIZE because it's more efficient to write out 8 or 16 bytes at once.
-  std::memcpy(dst, buf + idx, len - idx);
-  return len - idx;
-}
-
-template<size_t STEP_SIZE>
-simdutf_really_inline void buf_block_reader<STEP_SIZE>::advance() {
-  idx += STEP_SIZE;
-}
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/buf_block_reader.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-  //
-  // Return nonzero if there are incomplete multibyte characters at the end of the block:
-  // e.g. if there is a 4-byte character, but it's 3 bytes from the end.
-  //
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> is_incomplete(const simd8<uint8_t> input) {
-    // If the previous input's last 3 bytes match this, they're too short (they ended at EOF):
-    // ... 1111____ 111_____ 11______
-    static const uint8_t max_array[32] = {
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-      255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0b11110000u-1, 0b11100000u-1, 0b11000000u-1
-    };
-    const simd8<uint8_t> max_value(&max_array[sizeof(max_array)-sizeof(simd8<uint8_t>)]);
-    return input.gt_bits(max_value);
-  }
-
-  struct utf8_checker {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-    // The last input we received
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_input_block;
-    // Whether the last input we received was incomplete (used for ASCII fast path)
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev_incomplete;
-
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-    // The only problem that can happen at EOF is that a multibyte character is too short
-    // or a byte value too large in the last bytes: check_special_cases only checks for bytes
-    // too large in the first of two bytes.
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_eof() {
-      // If the previous block had incomplete UTF-8 characters at the end, an ASCII block can't
-      // possibly finish them.
-      this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_next_input(const simd8x64<uint8_t>& input) {
-      if(simdutf_likely(is_ascii(input))) {
-        this->error |= this->prev_incomplete;
-      } else {
-        // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-        static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-            "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-        if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-        } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], this->prev_input_block);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-          this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-        }
-        this->prev_incomplete = is_incomplete(input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1]);
-        this->prev_input_block = input.chunks[simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS-1];
-
-      }
-    }
-
-    // do not forget to call check_eof!
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-
-using utf8_validation::utf8_checker;
-
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_lookup4_algorithm.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_validation {
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8.
- */
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    return !c.errors();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Validates that the string is actual UTF-8 and stops on errors.
- */
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    checker c{};
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    size_t count{0};
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      c.check_next_input(in);
-      if(c.errors()) {
-        if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-        result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-        res.count += count;
-        return res;
-      }
-      reader.advance();
-      count += 64;
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    c.check_next_input(in);
-    reader.advance();
-    c.check_eof();
-    if (c.errors()) {
-      if (count != 0) { count--; } // Sometimes the error is only detected in the next chunk
-      result res = scalar::utf8::rewind_and_validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input) + count, length - count);
-      res.count += count;
-      return res;
-    } else {
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-    }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_utf8_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-    buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-    uint8_t blocks[64]{};
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> running_or(blocks);
-    while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-      simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-      running_or |= in;
-      reader.advance();
-    }
-    uint8_t block[64]{};
-    reader.get_remainder(block);
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-    running_or |= in;
-    return running_or.is_ascii();
-}
-
-bool generic_validate_ascii(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-template<class checker>
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) {
-  buf_block_reader<64> reader(input, length);
-  size_t count{0};
-  while (reader.has_full_block()) {
-    simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(reader.full_block());
-    if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-      result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-      return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-    }
-    reader.advance();
-
-    count += 64;
-  }
-  uint8_t block[64]{};
-  reader.get_remainder(block);
-  simd::simd8x64<uint8_t> in(block);
-  if (!in.is_ascii()) {
-    result res = scalar::ascii::validate_with_errors(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(input + count), length - count);
-    return result(res.error, count + res.count);
-  } else {
-    return result(error_code::SUCCESS, length);
-  }
-}
-
-result generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length) {
-  return generic_validate_ascii_with_errors<utf8_checker>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input),length);
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_validation
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_validation/utf8_validator.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-16
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-template <endianness endian>
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept {
-  // The implementation is not specific to haswell and should be moved to the generic directory.
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    // this loop could be unrolled further. For example, we could process the mask
-    // far more than 64 bytes.
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-      utf16_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path. We hope that the compiler will recognize that this is a slow path.
-      // Anything that is not a continuation mask is a 'leading byte', that is, the
-      // start of a new code point.
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-      uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-      // The *start* of code points is not so useful, rather, we want the *end* of code points.
-      uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-      // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-      // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-      // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-      size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-      // Next loop is going to run at least five times when using solely
-      // the slow/regular path, and at least four times if there are fast paths.
-      while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-        // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-        // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-        // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-        // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-        // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-        // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-        // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-        // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-        // it seriously harms performance.
-        //
-        // Thus we may allow convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16 to process
-        // more bytes at a time under a fast-path mode where 16 bytes
-        // are consumed at once (e.g., when encountering ASCII).
-        size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(input + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-        pos += consumed;
-        utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-      // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-      // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-      // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-      // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-    }
-  }
-  utf16_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endian>(input + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-  return utf16_output - start;
-}
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/valid_utf8_to_utf16.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf16 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::convert<endian>(in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf16_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf16_output - start;
-    }
-
-    template <endianness endian>
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char16_t* utf16_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char16_t* start{utf16_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf16<endian>(utf16_output);
-          utf16_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf16<endian>(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf16_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf16::rewind_and_convert_with_errors<endian>(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf16_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf16_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf16_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf16 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf16/utf8_to_utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to UTF-32
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-  const size_t safety_margin = 16; // to avoid overruns!
-  while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-    simd8x64<int8_t> in(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(input + pos));
-    if(in.is_ascii()) {
-      in.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-      utf32_output += 64;
-      pos += 64;
-    } else {
-    // -65 is 0b10111111 in two-complement's, so largest possible continuation byte
-    uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = in.lt(-65 + 1);
-    uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-    uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-    size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-    while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-      size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(input + pos,
-                          utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-      pos += consumed;
-      utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  utf32_output += scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-  return utf32_output - start;
-}
-
-
-} // namespace utf8_to_utf32
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/valid_utf8_to_utf32.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_utf32 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_3 | SURROGATE,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000 | SURROGATE,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000,
-      CARRY | TOO_LARGE | TOO_LARGE_1000
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_multibyte_lengths(const simd8<uint8_t> input,
-      const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input, const simd8<uint8_t> sc) {
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev2 = input.prev<2>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> prev3 = input.prev<3>(prev_input);
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23 = simd8<uint8_t>(must_be_2_3_continuation(prev2, prev3));
-    simd8<uint8_t> must23_80 = must23 & uint8_t(0x80);
-    return must23_80 ^ sc;
-  }
-
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      simd8<uint8_t> sc = check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-      this->error |= check_multibyte_lengths(input, prev_input, sc);
-    }
-
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::convert(in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        utf32_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return utf32_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char32_t* utf32_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char32_t* start{utf32_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the fourth last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store_ascii_as_utf32(utf32_output);
-          utf32_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_utf32(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, utf32_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_utf32::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, utf32_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          utf32_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, utf32_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_utf32 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_utf32/utf8_to_utf32.h */
-// other functions
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8.h */
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8 {
-
-using namespace simd;
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.gt(-65);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::count_code_points(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos + 64 <= size; pos += 64) {
-      simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-      uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-      // We count one word for anything that is not a continuation (so
-      // leading bytes).
-      count += 64 - count_ones(utf8_continuation_mask);
-      int64_t utf8_4byte = input.gteq_unsigned(240);
-      count += count_ones(utf8_4byte);
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-} // utf8 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf16.h */
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf16 {
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t count_code_points(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t not_pair = input.not_in_range(0xDC00, 0xDFFF);
-      count += count_ones(not_pair) / 2;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::count_code_points<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    // This algorithm could no doubt be improved!
-    for(;pos < size/32*32; pos += 32) {
-      simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-      if (!match_system(big_endian)) { input.swap_bytes(); }
-      uint64_t ascii_mask = input.lteq(0x7F);
-      uint64_t twobyte_mask = input.lteq(0x7FF);
-      uint64_t not_pair_mask = input.not_in_range(0xD800, 0xDFFF);
-
-      size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t twobyte_count = count_ones(twobyte_mask & ~ ascii_mask) / 2;
-      size_t threebyte_count = count_ones(not_pair_mask & ~ twobyte_mask) / 2;
-      size_t fourbyte_count = 32 - count_ones(not_pair_mask) / 2;
-      count += 2 * fourbyte_count + 3 * threebyte_count + 2 * twobyte_count + ascii_count;
-    }
-    return count + scalar::utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<big_endian>(in + pos, size - pos);
-}
-
-template <endianness big_endian>
-simdutf_really_inline size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size) {
-    return count_code_points<big_endian>(in, size);
-}
-
-simdutf_really_inline void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t* in, size_t size, char16_t* output) {
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  while (pos < size/32*32) {
-    simd16x32<uint16_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(in + pos));
-    input.swap_bytes();
-    input.store(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(output));
-    pos += 32;
-    output += 32;
-  }
-
-  scalar::utf16::change_endianness_utf16(in + pos, size - pos, output);
-}
-
-} // utf16
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf16.h */
-// transcoding from UTF-8 to Latin 1
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-  simdutf_really_inline simd8<uint8_t> check_special_cases(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev1) {
-// For UTF-8 to Latin 1, we can allow any ASCII character, and any continuation byte,
-// but the non-ASCII leading bytes must be 0b11000011 or 0b11000010 and nothing else.
-//
-// Bit 0 = Too Short (lead byte/ASCII followed by lead byte/ASCII)
-// Bit 1 = Too Long (ASCII followed by continuation)
-// Bit 2 = Overlong 3-byte
-// Bit 4 = Surrogate
-// Bit 5 = Overlong 2-byte
-// Bit 7 = Two Continuations
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_SHORT   = 1<<0; // 11______ 0_______
-                                                // 11______ 11______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LONG    = 1<<1; // 0_______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_3  = 1<<2; // 11100000 100_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t SURROGATE   = 1<<4; // 11101101 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_2  = 1<<5; // 1100000_ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TWO_CONTS   = 1<<7; // 10______ 10______
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE   = 1<<3; // 11110100 1001____
-                                                // 11110100 101_____
-                                                // 11110101 1001____
-                                                // 11110101 101_____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1001____
-                                                // 1111011_ 101_____
-                                                // 11111___ 1001____
-                                                // 11111___ 101_____
-    constexpr const uint8_t TOO_LARGE_1000 = 1<<6;
-                                                // 11110101 1000____
-                                                // 1111011_ 1000____
-                                                // 11111___ 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t OVERLONG_4  = 1<<6; // 11110000 1000____
-    constexpr const uint8_t FORBIDDEN  = 0xff;
-
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_high = prev1.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // 0_______ ________ <ASCII in byte 1>
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG, TOO_LONG,
-      // 10______ ________ <continuation in byte 1>
-      TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS, TWO_CONTS,
-      // 1100____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      TOO_SHORT | OVERLONG_2,
-      // 1101____ ________ <two byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1110____ ________ <three byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // 1111____ ________ <four+ byte lead in byte 1>
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    constexpr const uint8_t CARRY = TOO_SHORT | TOO_LONG | TWO_CONTS; // These all have ____ in byte 1 .
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_1_low = (prev1 & 0x0F).lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ____0000 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_3 | OVERLONG_2 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ____0001 ________
-      CARRY | OVERLONG_2,
-      // ____001_ ________
-      CARRY,
-      CARRY,
-
-      // ____0100 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____0101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____011_ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-
-      // ____1___ ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      // ____1101 ________
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN,
-      FORBIDDEN
-    );
-    const simd8<uint8_t> byte_2_high = input.shr<4>().lookup_16<uint8_t>(
-      // ________ 0_______ <ASCII in byte 2>
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT,
-
-      // ________ 1000____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE_1000 | OVERLONG_4,
-      // ________ 1001____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | OVERLONG_3 | TOO_LARGE,
-      // ________ 101_____
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-      TOO_LONG | OVERLONG_2 | TWO_CONTS | SURROGATE  | TOO_LARGE,
-
-      // ________ 11______
-      TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT, TOO_SHORT
-    );
-    return (byte_1_high & byte_1_low & byte_2_high);
-  }
-
-  struct validating_transcoder {
-    // If this is nonzero, there has been a UTF-8 error.
-    simd8<uint8_t> error;
-
-    validating_transcoder() : error(uint8_t(0)) {}
-    //
-    // Check whether the current bytes are valid UTF-8.
-    //
-    simdutf_really_inline void check_utf8_bytes(const simd8<uint8_t> input, const simd8<uint8_t> prev_input) {
-      // Flip prev1...prev3 so we can easily determine if they are 2+, 3+ or 4+ lead bytes
-      // (2, 3, 4-byte leads become large positive numbers instead of small negative numbers)
-      simd8<uint8_t> prev1 = input.prev<1>(prev_input);
-      this->error |= check_special_cases(input, prev1);
-    }
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) { return 0; }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if(howmany == 0) { return 0; }
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline result convert_with_errors(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65);
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          static_assert((simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) || (simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4),
-              "We support either two or four chunks per 64-byte block.");
-          auto zero = simd8<uint8_t>{uint8_t(0)};
-          if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 2) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-          } else if(simd8x64<uint8_t>::NUM_CHUNKS == 4) {
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[0], zero);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[1], input.chunks[0]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[2], input.chunks[1]);
-            this->check_utf8_bytes(input.chunks[3], input.chunks[2]);
-          }
-          if (errors()) {
-            // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-            // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-            result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-            res.count += pos;
-            return res;
-          }
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1);
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(errors()) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        res.count += pos;
-        return res;
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        // rewind_and_convert_with_errors will seek a potential error from in+pos onward,
-        // with the ability to go back up to pos bytes, and read size-pos bytes forward.
-        result res = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::rewind_and_convert_with_errors(pos, in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        if (res.error) {    // In case of error, we want the error position
-          res.count += pos;
-          return res;
-        } else {    // In case of success, we want the number of word written
-          latin1_output += res.count;
-        }
-      }
-      return result(error_code::SUCCESS, latin1_output - start);
-    }
-
-    simdutf_really_inline bool errors() const {
-      return this->error.any_bits_set_anywhere();
-    }
-
-  }; // struct utf8_checker
-} // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-} // unnamed namespace
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/utf8_to_latin1.h */
-/* begin file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-namespace {
-namespace utf8_to_latin1 {
-using namespace simd;
-
-
-    simdutf_really_inline size_t convert_valid(const char* in, size_t size, char* latin1_output) {
-      size_t pos = 0;
-      char* start{latin1_output};
-      // In the worst case, we have the haswell kernel which can cause an overflow of
-      // 8 bytes when calling convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1. If you skip the last 16 bytes,
-      // and if the data is valid, then it is entirely safe because 16 UTF-8 bytes generate
-      // much more than 8 bytes. However, you cannot generally assume that you have valid
-      // UTF-8 input, so we are going to go back from the end counting 8 leading bytes,
-      // to give us a good margin.
-      size_t leading_byte = 0;
-      size_t margin = size;
-      for(; margin > 0 && leading_byte < 8; margin--) {
-        leading_byte += (int8_t(in[margin-1]) > -65); //twos complement of -65 is 1011 1111 ...
-      }
-      // If the input is long enough, then we have that margin-1 is the eight last leading byte.
-      const size_t safety_margin = size - margin + 1; // to avoid overruns!
-      while(pos + 64 + safety_margin <= size) {
-        simd8x64<int8_t> input(reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(in + pos));
-        if(input.is_ascii()) {
-          input.store((int8_t*)latin1_output);
-          latin1_output += 64;
-          pos += 64;
-        } else {
-          // you might think that a for-loop would work, but under Visual Studio, it is not good enough.
-          uint64_t utf8_continuation_mask = input.lt(-65 + 1); // -64 is 1100 0000 in twos complement. Note: in this case, we also have ASCII to account for.
-          uint64_t utf8_leading_mask = ~utf8_continuation_mask;
-          uint64_t utf8_end_of_code_point_mask = utf8_leading_mask>>1;
-          // We process in blocks of up to 12 bytes except possibly
-          // for fast paths which may process up to 16 bytes. For the
-          // slow path to work, we should have at least 12 input bytes left.
-          size_t max_starting_point = (pos + 64) - 12;
-          // Next loop is going to run at least five times.
-          while(pos < max_starting_point) {
-            // Performance note: our ability to compute 'consumed' and
-            // then shift and recompute is critical. If there is a
-            // latency of, say, 4 cycles on getting 'consumed', then
-            // the inner loop might have a total latency of about 6 cycles.
-            // Yet we process between 6 to 12 inputs bytes, thus we get
-            // a speed limit between 1 cycle/byte and 0.5 cycle/byte
-            // for this section of the code. Hence, there is a limit
-            // to how much we can further increase this latency before
-            // it seriously harms performance.
-            size_t consumed = convert_masked_utf8_to_latin1(in + pos,
-                            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask, latin1_output);
-            pos += consumed;
-            utf8_end_of_code_point_mask >>= consumed;
-          }
-          // At this point there may remain between 0 and 12 bytes in the
-          // 64-byte block. These bytes will be processed again. So we have an
-          // 80% efficiency (in the worst case). In practice we expect an
-          // 85% to 90% efficiency.
-        }
-      }
-      if(pos < size) {
-        size_t howmany  = scalar::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(in + pos, size - pos, latin1_output);
-        latin1_output += howmany;
-      }
-      return latin1_output - start;
-    }
-
-  }
-}   // utf8_to_latin1 namespace
-}   // unnamed namespace
-}   // namespace westmere
- // namespace simdutf
-/* end file src/generic/utf8_to_latin1/valid_utf8_to_latin1.h */
-
-
-//
-// Implementation-specific overrides
-//
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace westmere {
-
-simdutf_warn_unused int implementation::detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  // If there is a BOM, then we trust it.
-  auto bom_encoding = simdutf::BOM::check_bom(input, length);
-  if(bom_encoding != encoding_type::unspecified) { return bom_encoding; }
-  if (length % 2 == 0) {
-    return sse_detect_encodings<utf8_validation::utf8_checker>(input, length);
-  } else {
-    if (implementation::validate_utf8(input, length)) {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8;
-    } else {
-      return simdutf::encoding_type::unspecified;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return westmere::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return westmere::utf8_validation::generic_validate_utf8_with_errors(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return westmere::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii(buf, len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return westmere::utf8_validation::generic_validate_ascii_with_errors(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = sse_validate_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::LITTLE>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char16_t* tail = sse_validate_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf16::validate<endianness::BIG>(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = sse_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = sse_validate_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16::validate_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused bool implementation::validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const char32_t* tail = sse_validate_utf32le(buf, len);
-  if (tail) {
-    return scalar::utf32::validate(tail, len - (tail - buf));
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  result res = sse_validate_utf32le_with_errors(buf, len);
-  if (res.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32::validate_with_errors(buf + res.count, len - res.count);
-    return result(scalar_res.error, res.count + scalar_res.count);
-  } else {
-    return res;
-  }
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-
-  std::pair<const char*, char*> ret = sse_convert_latin1_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf8_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf8::convert(
-      ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-  }
-
-  return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = sse_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char16_t*> ret = sse_convert_latin1_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf16_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-    std::pair<const char*, char32_t*> ret = sse_convert_latin1_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-    if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-    size_t converted_chars = ret.second - utf32_output;
-    if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-        const size_t scalar_converted_chars = scalar::latin1_to_utf32::convert(
-                                              ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-        if (scalar_converted_chars == 0) { return 0; }
-        converted_chars += scalar_converted_chars;
-    }
-    return converted_chars;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_latin1::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  return westmere::utf8_to_latin1::convert_valid(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf16::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::LITTLE>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf16::convert_valid<endianness::BIG>(input, size,  utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  utf8_to_utf32::validating_transcoder converter;
-  return converter.convert_with_errors(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char* input, size_t size,
-    char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return utf8_to_utf32::convert_valid(input, size,  utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_latin1::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: we could provide an optimized function.
-  return convert_utf16be_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: we could provide an optimized function.
-  return convert_utf16le_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf8::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - latin1_output;
-  // if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-  if (ret.first < buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(buf, len, latin1_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_latin1::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - latin1_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* latin1_output) const noexcept {
-  // optimization opportunity: we could provide an optimized function.
-  return convert_utf32_to_latin1(buf,len,latin1_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char*> ret = sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf8_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(buf, len, utf8_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf8::convert_with_errors(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf8_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char16_t*, char32_t*> ret = sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf32_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char32_t*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf32_output);
-  if (ret.first.error) { return ret.first; }  // Can return directly since scalar fallback already found correct ret.first.count
-  if (ret.first.count != len) { // All good so far, but not finished
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf16_to_utf32::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf32_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char* utf8_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf8(buf, len, utf8_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  std::pair<const char32_t*, char16_t*> ret = sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first == nullptr) { return 0; }
-  size_t saved_bytes = ret.second - utf16_output;
-  if (ret.first != buf + len) {
-    const size_t scalar_saved_bytes = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        ret.first, len - (ret.first - buf), ret.second);
-    if (scalar_saved_bytes == 0) { return 0; }
-    saved_bytes += scalar_saved_bytes;
-  }
-  return saved_bytes;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::LITTLE>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  // ret.first.count is always the position in the buffer, not the number of code units written even if finished
-  std::pair<result, char16_t*> ret = westmere::sse_convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(buf, len, utf16_output);
-  if (ret.first.count != len) {
-    result scalar_res = scalar::utf32_to_utf16::convert_with_errors<endianness::BIG>(
-                                        buf + ret.first.count, len - ret.first.count, ret.second);
-    if (scalar_res.error) {
-      scalar_res.count += ret.first.count;
-      return scalar_res;
-    } else {
-      ret.second += scalar_res.count;
-    }
-  }
-  ret.first.count = ret.second - utf16_output;   // Set count to the number of 8-bit code units written
-  return ret.first;
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16le(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t* buf, size_t len, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf32_to_utf16be(buf, len, utf16_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16le_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t* buf, size_t len, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept {
-  return convert_utf16be_to_utf32(buf, len, utf32_output);
-}
-
-void implementation::change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept {
-  utf16::change_endianness_utf16(input, length, output);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::count_code_points<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf8(const char* buf, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  return count_utf8(buf,len);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf16::latin1_length_from_utf16(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::utf32::latin1_length_from_utf32(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf8_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf16_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::latin1::utf32_length_from_latin1(length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t len) const noexcept {
-  const uint8_t *str = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input);
-  size_t answer = len / sizeof(__m128i) * sizeof(__m128i);
-  size_t i = 0;
-  __m128i two_64bits = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  while (i + sizeof(__m128i) <= len) {
-    __m128i runner = _mm_setzero_si128();
-    size_t iterations = (len - i) / sizeof(__m128i);
-    if (iterations > 255) {
-      iterations = 255;
-    }
-    size_t max_i = i + iterations * sizeof(__m128i) - sizeof(__m128i);
-    for (; i + 4*sizeof(__m128i) <= max_i; i += 4*sizeof(__m128i)) {
-      __m128i input1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(str + i));
-      __m128i input2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(str + i + sizeof(__m128i)));
-      __m128i input3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(str + i + 2*sizeof(__m128i)));
-      __m128i input4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(str + i + 3*sizeof(__m128i)));
-      __m128i input12 = _mm_add_epi8(
-                                      _mm_cmpgt_epi8(
-                                                    _mm_setzero_si128(),
-                                                    input1),
-                                      _mm_cmpgt_epi8(
-                                                    _mm_setzero_si128(),
-                                                    input2));
-      __m128i input34 = _mm_add_epi8(
-                                      _mm_cmpgt_epi8(
-                                                    _mm_setzero_si128(),
-                                                    input3),
-                                      _mm_cmpgt_epi8(
-                                                    _mm_setzero_si128(),
-                                                    input4));
-      __m128i input1234 = _mm_add_epi8(input12, input34);
-      runner = _mm_sub_epi8(runner, input1234);
-    }
-    for (; i <= max_i; i += sizeof(__m128i)) {
-      __m128i more_input = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(str + i));
-      runner = _mm_sub_epi8(
-          runner, _mm_cmpgt_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), more_input));
-    }
-    two_64bits = _mm_add_epi64(
-        two_64bits, _mm_sad_epu8(runner, _mm_setzero_si128()));
-  }
-  answer += _mm_extract_epi64(two_64bits, 0) +
-            _mm_extract_epi64(two_64bits, 1);
-  return answer + scalar::latin1::utf8_length_from_latin1(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(str + i), len - i);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::LITTLE>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf16::utf32_length_from_utf16<endianness::BIG>(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::utf16_length_from_utf8(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const __m128i v_00000000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_ffffff80 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffffff80);
-  const __m128i v_fffff800 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xfffff800);
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 4 <= length; pos += 4) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(input + pos));
-    const __m128i ascii_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(in, v_ffffff80), v_00000000);
-    const __m128i one_two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(in, v_fffff800), v_00000000);
-    const __m128i two_bytes_bytemask = _mm_xor_si128(one_two_bytes_bytemask, ascii_bytes_bytemask);
-    const __m128i one_two_three_bytes_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const __m128i three_bytes_bytemask = _mm_xor_si128(one_two_three_bytes_bytemask, one_two_bytes_bytemask);
-    const uint16_t ascii_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(ascii_bytes_bytemask));
-    const uint16_t two_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(two_bytes_bytemask));
-    const uint16_t three_bytes_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(three_bytes_bytemask));
-
-    size_t ascii_count = count_ones(ascii_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    size_t two_bytes_count = count_ones(two_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    size_t three_bytes_count = count_ones(three_bytes_bitmask) / 4;
-    count += 16 - 3*ascii_count - 2*two_bytes_count - three_bytes_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf8_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  const __m128i v_00000000 = _mm_setzero_si128();
-  const __m128i v_ffff0000 = _mm_set1_epi32((uint32_t)0xffff0000);
-  size_t pos = 0;
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for(;pos + 4 <= length; pos += 4) {
-    __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i*)(input + pos));
-    const __m128i surrogate_bytemask = _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_and_si128(in, v_ffff0000), v_00000000);
-    const uint16_t surrogate_bitmask = static_cast<uint16_t>(_mm_movemask_epi8(surrogate_bytemask));
-    size_t surrogate_count = (16-count_ones(surrogate_bitmask))/4;
-    count += 4 + surrogate_count;
-  }
-  return count + scalar::utf32::utf16_length_from_utf32(input + pos, length - pos);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return utf8::count_code_points(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused result implementation::base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return (options & base64_url) ? compress_decode_base64<true>(output, input, length, options) : compress_decode_base64<false>(output, input, length, options);
-}
-
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t implementation::base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  return scalar::base64::base64_length_from_binary(length, options);
-}
-
-size_t implementation::binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options) const noexcept {
-  if(options == base64_url) {
-    return encode_base64<base64_url>(output, input, length);
-  } else {
-    return encode_base64<base64_default>(output, input, length);
-  }
-}
-} // namespace westmere
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-/* begin file src/simdutf/westmere/end.h */
-#if SIMDUTF_CAN_ALWAYS_RUN_WESTMERE
-// nothing needed.
-#else
-SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-/* end file src/simdutf/westmere/end.h */
-/* end file src/westmere/implementation.cpp */
-#endif
-
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-/* end file src/simdutf.cpp */
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.h b/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 63c8f31d444906..00000000000000
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/simdutf.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3758 +0,0 @@
-// clang-format off
-/* auto-generated on 2024-05-07 22:33:11 -0400. Do not edit! */
-/* begin file include/simdutf.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_H
-#define SIMDUTF_H
-#include <cstring>
-
-/* begin file include/simdutf/compiler_check.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_COMPILER_CHECK_H
-#define SIMDUTF_COMPILER_CHECK_H
-
-#ifndef __cplusplus
-#error simdutf requires a C++ compiler
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS
-#if defined(_MSVC_LANG) && !defined(__clang__)
-#define SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS (_MSC_VER == 1900 ? 201103L : _MSVC_LANG)
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
-#endif
-#endif
-
-// C++ 17
-#if !defined(SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS17) && (SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L)
-#define SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS17 1
-#endif
-
-// C++ 14
-#if !defined(SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS14) && (SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L)
-#define SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS14 1
-#endif
-
-// C++ 11
-#if !defined(SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS11) && (SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L)
-#define SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS11 1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_CPLUSPLUS11
-#error simdutf requires a compiler compliant with the C++11 standard
-#endif
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_COMPILER_CHECK_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/compiler_check.h */
-/* begin file include/simdutf/common_defs.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_COMMON_DEFS_H
-#define SIMDUTF_COMMON_DEFS_H
-
-#include <cassert>
-/* begin file include/simdutf/portability.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_PORTABILITY_H
-#define SIMDUTF_PORTABILITY_H
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cfloat>
-#include <cassert>
-#ifndef _WIN32
-// strcasecmp, strncasecmp
-#include <strings.h>
-#endif
-
-/**
- * We want to check that it is actually a little endian system at
- * compile-time.
- */
-
-#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
-#else
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) // defined __BYTE_ORDER__ && defined __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
-#include <machine/endian.h>
-#elif defined(sun) || defined(__sun) // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
-#include <sys/byteorder.h>
-#else  // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
-
-#ifdef __has_include
-#if __has_include(<endian.h>)
-#include <endian.h>
-#endif //__has_include(<endian.h>)
-#endif //__has_include
-
-#endif // defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
-
-
-#ifndef !defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) || !defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
-#endif
-
-#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
-#else // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
-#endif // __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
-
-#endif // defined __BYTE_ORDER__ && defined __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
-
-
-/**
- * At this point in time, SIMDUTF_IS_BIG_ENDIAN is defined.
- */
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
-/**
- * We want to differentiate carefully between
- * clang under visual studio and regular visual
- * studio.
- *
- * Under clang for Windows, we enable:
- *  * target pragmas so that part and only part of the
- *     code gets compiled for advanced instructions.
- *
- */
-#ifdef __clang__
-// clang under visual studio
-#define SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
-#else
-// just regular visual studio (best guess)
-#define SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
-#endif // __clang__
-#endif // _MSC_VER
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_alternative_tokens
-// This header should have no effect, except maybe
-// under Visual Studio.
-#include <iso646.h>
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_AMD64)) && !defined(_M_ARM64EC)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64 1
-#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(_M_ARM64EC)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_ARM64 1
-#elif defined(__PPC64__) || defined(_M_PPC64)
-//#define SIMDUTF_IS_PPC64 1
-// The simdutf library does yet support SIMD acceleration under
-// POWER processors. Please see https://github.com/lemire/simdutf/issues/51
-#elif defined(__s390__)
-// s390 IBM system. Big endian.
-#elif (defined(__riscv) || defined(__riscv__)) && __riscv_xlen == 64
-// RISC-V 64-bit
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_RISCV64 1
-
-#if __clang_major__ >= 19
-// Does the compiler support target regions for RISC-V
-#define SIMDUTF_HAS_RVV_TARGET_REGION 1
-#endif
-
-#if __riscv_v_intrinsic >= 11000
-#define SIMDUTF_HAS_RVV_INTRINSICS 1
-#endif
-
-#define SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS 0 // there is currently no way to detect this
-
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_RVV_INTRINSICS && __riscv_vector && __riscv_v_min_vlen >= 128 && __riscv_v_elen >= 64
-// RISC-V V extension
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_RVV 1
-#if SIMDUTF_HAS_ZVBB_INTRINSICS && __riscv_zvbb >= 1000000
-// RISC-V Vector Basic Bit-manipulation
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_ZVBB 1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#elif defined(__loongarch_lp64)
-// LoongArch 64-bit
-#else
-// The simdutf library is designed
-// for 64-bit processors and it seems that you are not
-// compiling for a known 64-bit platform. Please
-// use a 64-bit target such as x64 or 64-bit ARM for best performance.
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_32BITS 1
-
-// We do not support 32-bit platforms, but it can be
-// handy to identify them.
-#if defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_X86_32BITS 1
-#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_ARM_32BITS 1
-#elif defined(__PPC__) || defined(_M_PPC)
-#define SIMDUTF_IS_PPC_32BITS 1
-#endif
-
-#endif // defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_AMD64)
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_IS_32BITS
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_NO_PORTABILITY_WARNING
-// In the future, we may want to warn users of 32-bit systems that
-// the simdutf does not support accelerated kernels for such systems.
-#endif // SIMDUTF_NO_PORTABILITY_WARNING
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IS_32BITS
-
-// this is almost standard?
-#define SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY_IMPLEMENTATION_(a) #a
-#define SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY(a) SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY_IMPLEMENTATION_(a)
-
-// Our fast kernels require 64-bit systems.
-//
-// On 32-bit x86, we lack 64-bit popcnt, lzcnt, blsr instructions.
-// Furthermore, the number of SIMD registers is reduced.
-//
-// On 32-bit ARM, we would have smaller registers.
-//
-// The simdutf users should still have the fallback kernel. It is
-// slower, but it should run everywhere.
-
-//
-// Enable valid runtime implementations, and select SIMDUTF_BUILTIN_IMPLEMENTATION
-//
-
-// We are going to use runtime dispatch.
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_IS_X86_64
-#ifdef __clang__
-// clang does not have GCC push pop
-// warning: clang attribute push can't be used within a namespace in clang up
-// til 8.0 so SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION and SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION must be *outside* of a
-// namespace.
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION(T)                                                       \
-  _Pragma(SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY(                                                           \
-      clang attribute push(__attribute__((target(T))), apply_to = function)))
-#define SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION _Pragma("clang attribute pop")
-#elif defined(__GNUC__)
-// GCC is easier
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION(T)                                                       \
-  _Pragma("GCC push_options") _Pragma(SIMDUTF_STRINGIFY(GCC target(T)))
-#define SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION _Pragma("GCC pop_options")
-#endif // clang then gcc
-
-#endif // x86
-
-// Default target region macros don't do anything.
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION
-#define SIMDUTF_TARGET_REGION(T)
-#define SIMDUTF_UNTARGET_REGION
-#endif
-
-// Is threading enabled?
-#if defined(_REENTRANT) || defined(_MT)
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_THREADS_ENABLED
-#define SIMDUTF_THREADS_ENABLED
-#endif
-#endif
-
-// workaround for large stack sizes under -O0.
-// https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf/issues/691
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#ifndef __OPTIMIZE__
-// Apple systems have small stack sizes in secondary threads.
-// Lack of compiler optimization may generate high stack usage.
-// Users may want to disable threads for safety, but only when
-// in debug mode which we detect by the fact that the __OPTIMIZE__
-// macro is not defined.
-#undef SIMDUTF_THREADS_ENABLED
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-// This is one case where we do not distinguish between
-// regular visual studio and clang under visual studio.
-// clang under Windows has _stricmp (like visual studio) but not strcasecmp (as clang normally has)
-#define simdutf_strcasecmp _stricmp
-#define simdutf_strncasecmp _strnicmp
-#else
-// The strcasecmp, strncasecmp, and strcasestr functions do not work with multibyte strings (e.g. UTF-8).
-// So they are only useful for ASCII in our context.
-// https://www.gnu.org/software/libunistring/manual/libunistring.html#char-_002a-strings
-#define simdutf_strcasecmp strcasecmp
-#define simdutf_strncasecmp strncasecmp
-#endif
-
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-
-#ifdef SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO
-#define SIMDUTF_UNREACHABLE() __assume(0)
-#define SIMDUTF_ASSUME(COND) __assume(COND)
-#else
-#define SIMDUTF_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable();
-#define SIMDUTF_ASSUME(COND) do { if (!(COND)) __builtin_unreachable(); } while (0)
-#endif
-
-#else // NDEBUG
-
-#define SIMDUTF_UNREACHABLE() assert(0);
-#define SIMDUTF_ASSUME(COND) assert(COND)
-
-#endif
-
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-#if __GNUC__ >= 11
-#define SIMDUTF_GCC11ORMORE 1
-#endif //  __GNUC__ >= 11
-#endif // defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_PORTABILITY_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/portability.h */
-/* begin file include/simdutf/avx512.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_AVX512_H_
-#define SIMDUTF_AVX512_H_
-
-/*
-    It's possible to override AVX512 settings with cmake DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS.
-
-    All preprocessor directives has form `SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512{feature}`,
-    where a feature is a code name for extensions.
-
-    Please see the listing below to find which are supported.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512F
-# if defined(__AVX512F__) && __AVX512F__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512F 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512DQ
-# if defined(__AVX512DQ__) && __AVX512DQ__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512DQ 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512IFMA
-# if defined(__AVX512IFMA__) && __AVX512IFMA__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512IFMA 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512CD
-# if defined(__AVX512CD__) && __AVX512CD__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512CD 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512BW
-# if defined(__AVX512BW__) && __AVX512BW__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512BW 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VL
-# if defined(__AVX512VL__) && __AVX512VL__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VL 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VBMI
-# if defined(__AVX512VBMI__) && __AVX512VBMI__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VBMI 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VBMI2
-# if defined(__AVX512VBMI2__) && __AVX512VBMI2__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VBMI2 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VNNI
-# if defined(__AVX512VNNI__) && __AVX512VNNI__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VNNI 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512BITALG
-# if defined(__AVX512BITALG__) && __AVX512BITALG__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512BITALG 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ
-# if defined(__AVX512VPOPCNTDQ__) && __AVX512VPOPCNTDQ__ == 1
-#   define SIMDUTF_HAS_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ 1
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_AVX512_H_
-/* end file include/simdutf/avx512.h */
-
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-  // Marks a block with a name so that MCA analysis can see it.
-  #define SIMDUTF_BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name) __asm volatile("# LLVM-MCA-BEGIN " #name);
-  #define SIMDUTF_END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name) __asm volatile("# LLVM-MCA-END " #name);
-  #define SIMDUTF_DEBUG_BLOCK(name, block) BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name); block; END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name);
-#else
-  #define SIMDUTF_BEGIN_DEBUG_BLOCK(name)
-  #define SIMDUTF_END_DEBUG_BLOCK(name)
-  #define SIMDUTF_DEBUG_BLOCK(name, block)
-#endif
-
-// Align to N-byte boundary
-#define SIMDUTF_ROUNDUP_N(a, n) (((a) + ((n)-1)) & ~((n)-1))
-#define SIMDUTF_ROUNDDOWN_N(a, n) ((a) & ~((n)-1))
-
-#define SIMDUTF_ISALIGNED_N(ptr, n) (((uintptr_t)(ptr) & ((n)-1)) == 0)
-
-#if defined(SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO)
-
-  #define simdutf_really_inline __forceinline
-  #define simdutf_never_inline __declspec(noinline)
-
-  #define simdutf_unused
-  #define simdutf_warn_unused
-
-  #ifndef simdutf_likely
-  #define simdutf_likely(x) x
-  #endif
-  #ifndef simdutf_unlikely
-  #define simdutf_unlikely(x) x
-  #endif
-
-  #define SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS __pragma(warning( push ))
-  #define SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS __pragma(warning( push, 0 ))
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(WARNING_NUMBER) __pragma(warning( disable : WARNING_NUMBER ))
-  // Get rid of Intellisense-only warnings (Code Analysis)
-  // Though __has_include is C++17, it is supported in Visual Studio 2017 or better (_MSC_VER>=1910).
-  #ifdef __has_include
-  #if __has_include(<CppCoreCheck\Warnings.h>)
-  #include <CppCoreCheck\Warnings.h>
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS SIMDUTF_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(ALL_CPPCORECHECK_WARNINGS)
-  #endif
-  #endif
-
-  #ifndef SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
-  #endif
-
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNING SIMDUTF_DISABLE_VS_WARNING(4996)
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_STRICT_OVERFLOW_WARNING
-  #define SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS __pragma(warning( pop ))
-
-#else // SIMDUTF_REGULAR_VISUAL_STUDIO
-
-  #define simdutf_really_inline inline __attribute__((always_inline))
-  #define simdutf_never_inline inline __attribute__((noinline))
-
-  #define simdutf_unused __attribute__((unused))
-  #define simdutf_warn_unused __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
-
-  #ifndef simdutf_likely
-  #define simdutf_likely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
-  #endif
-  #ifndef simdutf_unlikely
-  #define simdutf_unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
-  #endif
-
-  #define SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
-  // gcc doesn't seem to disable all warnings with all and extra, add warnings here as necessary
-  #define SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Weffc++) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wall) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wconversion) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wextra) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wattributes) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wimplicit-fallthrough) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wnon-virtual-dtor) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wreturn-type) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wshadow) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-parameter) \
-    SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-variable)
-  #define SIMDUTF_PRAGMA(P) _Pragma(#P)
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(WARNING) SIMDUTF_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored #WARNING)
-  #if defined(SIMDUTF_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO)
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmicrosoft-include)
-  #else
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
-  #endif
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNING SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wdeprecated-declarations)
-  #define SIMDUTF_DISABLE_STRICT_OVERFLOW_WARNING SIMDUTF_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wstrict-overflow)
-  #define SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
-
-
-
-#endif // MSC_VER
-
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT
-    #if defined(SIMDUTF_VISUAL_STUDIO)
-      /**
-       * It does not matter here whether you are using
-       * the regular visual studio or clang under visual
-       * studio.
-       */
-      #if SIMDUTF_USING_LIBRARY
-      #define SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
-      #else
-      #define SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
-      #endif
-    #else
-      #define SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT
-    #endif
-#endif
-
-/// If EXPR is an error, returns it.
-#define SIMDUTF_TRY(EXPR) { auto _err = (EXPR); if (_err) { return _err; } }
-
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_COMMON_DEFS_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/common_defs.h */
-/* begin file include/simdutf/encoding_types.h */
-#include <string>
-
-namespace simdutf {
-
-enum encoding_type {
-        UTF8 = 1,       // BOM 0xef 0xbb 0xbf
-        UTF16_LE = 2,   // BOM 0xff 0xfe
-        UTF16_BE = 4,   // BOM 0xfe 0xff
-        UTF32_LE = 8,   // BOM 0xff 0xfe 0x00 0x00
-        UTF32_BE = 16,   // BOM 0x00 0x00 0xfe 0xff
-        Latin1 = 32,
-
-        unspecified = 0
-};
-
-enum endianness {
-        LITTLE = 0,
-        BIG = 1
-};
-
-bool match_system(endianness e);
-
-std::string to_string(encoding_type bom);
-
-// Note that BOM for UTF8 is discouraged.
-namespace BOM {
-
-/**
- * Checks for a BOM. If not, returns unspecified
- * @param input         the string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in code units
- * @return the corresponding encoding
- */
-
-encoding_type check_bom(const uint8_t* byte, size_t length);
-encoding_type check_bom(const char* byte, size_t length);
-/**
- * Returns the size, in bytes, of the BOM for a given encoding type.
- * Note that UTF8 BOM are discouraged.
- * @param bom         the encoding type
- * @return the size in bytes of the corresponding BOM
- */
-size_t bom_byte_size(encoding_type bom);
-
-} // BOM namespace
-} // simdutf namespace
-/* end file include/simdutf/encoding_types.h */
-/* begin file include/simdutf/error.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_ERROR_H
-#define SIMDUTF_ERROR_H
-namespace simdutf {
-
-enum error_code {
-  SUCCESS = 0,
-  HEADER_BITS,  // Any byte must have fewer than 5 header bits.
-  TOO_SHORT,    // The leading byte must be followed by N-1 continuation bytes, where N is the UTF-8 character length
-                // This is also the error when the input is truncated.
-  TOO_LONG,     // We either have too many consecutive continuation bytes or the string starts with a continuation byte.
-  OVERLONG,     // The decoded character must be above U+7F for two-byte characters, U+7FF for three-byte characters,
-                // and U+FFFF for four-byte characters.
-  TOO_LARGE,    // The decoded character must be less than or equal to U+10FFFF,less than or equal than U+7F for ASCII OR less than equal than U+FF for Latin1
-  SURROGATE,    // The decoded character must be not be in U+D800...DFFF (UTF-8 or UTF-32) OR
-                // a high surrogate must be followed by a low surrogate and a low surrogate must be preceded by a high surrogate (UTF-16) OR
-                // there must be no surrogate at all (Latin1)
-  INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, // Found a character that cannot be part of a valid base64 string.
-  BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, // The base64 input terminates with a single character, excluding padding (=).
-  OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, // The provided buffer is too small.
-  OTHER         // Not related to validation/transcoding.
-};
-
-struct result {
-  error_code error;
-  size_t count;     // In case of error, indicates the position of the error. In case of success, indicates the number of code units validated/written.
-
-  simdutf_really_inline result() : error{error_code::SUCCESS}, count{0} {}
-
-  simdutf_really_inline result(error_code _err, size_t _pos) : error{_err}, count{_pos} {}
-};
-
-}
-#endif
-/* end file include/simdutf/error.h */
-
-SIMDUTF_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-SIMDUTF_DISABLE_UNDESIRED_WARNINGS
-
-// Public API
-/* begin file include/simdutf/simdutf_version.h */
-// /include/simdutf/simdutf_version.h automatically generated by release.py,
-// do not change by hand
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_SIMDUTF_VERSION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_SIMDUTF_VERSION_H
-
-/** The version of simdutf being used (major.minor.revision) */
-#define SIMDUTF_VERSION "5.2.8"
-
-namespace simdutf {
-enum {
-  /**
-   * The major version (MAJOR.minor.revision) of simdutf being used.
-   */
-  SIMDUTF_VERSION_MAJOR = 5,
-  /**
-   * The minor version (major.MINOR.revision) of simdutf being used.
-   */
-  SIMDUTF_VERSION_MINOR = 2,
-  /**
-   * The revision (major.minor.REVISION) of simdutf being used.
-   */
-  SIMDUTF_VERSION_REVISION = 8
-};
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_SIMDUTF_VERSION_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/simdutf_version.h */
-/* begin file include/simdutf/implementation.h */
-#ifndef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#define SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-#include <string>
-#if !defined(SIMDUTF_NO_THREADS)
-#include <atomic>
-#endif
-#include <vector>
-#include <tuple>
-/* begin file include/simdutf/internal/isadetection.h */
-/* From
-https://github.com/endorno/pytorch/blob/master/torch/lib/TH/generic/simd/simd.h
-Highly modified.
-
-Copyright (c) 2016-     Facebook, Inc            (Adam Paszke)
-Copyright (c) 2014-     Facebook, Inc            (Soumith Chintala)
-Copyright (c) 2011-2014 Idiap Research Institute (Ronan Collobert)
-Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Deepmind Technologies    (Koray Kavukcuoglu)
-Copyright (c) 2011-2012 NEC Laboratories America (Koray Kavukcuoglu)
-Copyright (c) 2011-2013 NYU                      (Clement Farabet)
-Copyright (c) 2006-2010 NEC Laboratories America (Ronan Collobert, Leon Bottou,
-Iain Melvin, Jason Weston) Copyright (c) 2006      Idiap Research Institute
-(Samy Bengio) Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Idiap Research Institute (Ronan Collobert,
-Samy Bengio, Johnny Mariethoz)
-
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
-2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-
-3. Neither the names of Facebook, Deepmind Technologies, NYU, NEC Laboratories
-America and IDIAP Research Institute nor the names of its contributors may be
-   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
-   specific prior written permission.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
-LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
-CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
-SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
-INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
-CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
-ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
-POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SIMDutf_INTERNAL_ISADETECTION_H
-#define SIMDutf_INTERNAL_ISADETECTION_H
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <intrin.h>
-#elif defined(HAVE_GCC_GET_CPUID) && defined(USE_GCC_GET_CPUID)
-#include <cpuid.h>
-#endif
-
-
-// RISC-V ISA detection utilities
-#if SIMDUTF_IS_RISCV64 && defined(__linux__)
-#include <unistd.h> // for syscall
-// We define these ourselves, for backwards compatibility
-struct simdutf_riscv_hwprobe { int64_t key; uint64_t value; };
-#define simdutf_riscv_hwprobe(...) syscall(258, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0 4
-#define SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_V    (1 << 2)
-#define SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZVBB (1 << 17)
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IS_RISCV64 && defined(__linux__)
-
-namespace simdutf {
-namespace internal {
-
-enum instruction_set {
-  DEFAULT = 0x0,
-  NEON = 0x1,
-  AVX2 = 0x4,
-  SSE42 = 0x8,
-  PCLMULQDQ = 0x10,
-  BMI1 = 0x20,
-  BMI2 = 0x40,
-  ALTIVEC = 0x80,
-  AVX512F = 0x100,
-  AVX512DQ = 0x200,
-  AVX512IFMA = 0x400,
-  AVX512PF = 0x800,
-  AVX512ER = 0x1000,
-  AVX512CD = 0x2000,
-  AVX512BW = 0x4000,
-  AVX512VL = 0x8000,
-  AVX512VBMI2 = 0x10000,
-  AVX512VPOPCNTDQ = 0x2000,
-  RVV = 0x4000,
-  ZVBB = 0x8000,
-};
-
-#if defined(__PPC64__)
-
-static inline uint32_t detect_supported_architectures() {
-  return instruction_set::ALTIVEC;
-}
-
-#elif SIMDUTF_IS_RISCV64
-
-static inline uint32_t detect_supported_architectures() {
-  uint32_t host_isa = instruction_set::DEFAULT;
-#if SIMDUTF_IS_RVV
-  host_isa |= instruction_set::RVV;
-#endif
-#if SIMDUTF_IS_ZVBB
-  host_isa |= instruction_set::ZVBB;
-#endif
-#if defined(__linux__)
-  simdutf_riscv_hwprobe probes[] = { { SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0, 0 } };
-  long ret = simdutf_riscv_hwprobe(&probes, sizeof probes/sizeof *probes, 0, nullptr, 0);
-  if (ret == 0) {
-    uint64_t extensions = probes[0].value;
-    if (extensions & SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_V)
-      host_isa |= instruction_set::RVV;
-    if (extensions & SIMDUTF_RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZVBB)
-      host_isa |= instruction_set::ZVBB;
-  }
-#endif
-#if defined(RUN_IN_SPIKE_SIMULATOR)
-  // Proxy Kernel does not implement yet hwprobe syscall
-  host_isa |= instruction_set::RVV;
-#endif
-  return host_isa;
-}
-
-#elif defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(_M_ARM64EC)
-
-static inline uint32_t detect_supported_architectures() {
-  return instruction_set::NEON;
-}
-
-#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_AMD64) // x64
-
-
-namespace {
-namespace cpuid_bit {
-    // Can be found on Intel ISA Reference for CPUID
-
-    // EAX = 0x01
-    constexpr uint32_t pclmulqdq = uint32_t(1) << 1; ///< @private bit  1 of ECX for EAX=0x1
-    constexpr uint32_t sse42 = uint32_t(1) << 20;    ///< @private bit 20 of ECX for EAX=0x1
-    constexpr uint32_t osxsave = (uint32_t(1) << 26) | (uint32_t(1) << 27); ///< @private bits 26+27 of ECX for EAX=0x1
-
-    // EAX = 0x7f (Structured Extended Feature Flags), ECX = 0x00 (Sub-leaf)
-    // See: "Table 3-8. Information Returned by CPUID Instruction"
-    namespace ebx {
-      constexpr uint32_t bmi1 = uint32_t(1) << 3;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx2 = uint32_t(1) << 5;
-      constexpr uint32_t bmi2 = uint32_t(1) << 8;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512f = uint32_t(1) << 16;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512dq = uint32_t(1) << 17;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512ifma = uint32_t(1) << 21;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512cd = uint32_t(1) << 28;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512bw = uint32_t(1) << 30;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vl = uint32_t(1) << 31;
-    }
-
-    namespace ecx {
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vbmi = uint32_t(1) << 1;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vbmi2 = uint32_t(1) << 6;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vnni = uint32_t(1) << 11;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512bitalg = uint32_t(1) << 12;
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vpopcnt = uint32_t(1) << 14;
-    }
-    namespace edx {
-      constexpr uint32_t avx512vp2intersect = uint32_t(1) << 8;
-    }
-    namespace xcr0_bit {
-     constexpr uint64_t avx256_saved = uint64_t(1) << 2; ///< @private bit 2 = AVX
-     constexpr uint64_t avx512_saved = uint64_t(7) << 5; ///< @private bits 5,6,7 = opmask, ZMM_hi256, hi16_ZMM
-   }
-  }
-}
-
-
-
-static inline void cpuid(uint32_t *eax, uint32_t *ebx, uint32_t *ecx,
-                         uint32_t *edx) {
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-  int cpu_info[4];
-  __cpuidex(cpu_info, *eax, *ecx);
-  *eax = cpu_info[0];
-  *ebx = cpu_info[1];
-  *ecx = cpu_info[2];
-  *edx = cpu_info[3];
-#elif defined(HAVE_GCC_GET_CPUID) && defined(USE_GCC_GET_CPUID)
-  uint32_t level = *eax;
-  __get_cpuid(level, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
-#else
-  uint32_t a = *eax, b, c = *ecx, d;
-  asm volatile("cpuid\n\t" : "+a"(a), "=b"(b), "+c"(c), "=d"(d));
-  *eax = a;
-  *ebx = b;
-  *ecx = c;
-  *edx = d;
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t xgetbv() {
- #if defined(_MSC_VER)
-   return _xgetbv(0);
- #else
-   uint32_t xcr0_lo, xcr0_hi;
-   asm volatile("xgetbv\n\t" : "=a" (xcr0_lo), "=d" (xcr0_hi) : "c" (0));
-   return xcr0_lo | ((uint64_t)xcr0_hi << 32);
- #endif
- }
-
-static inline uint32_t detect_supported_architectures() {
-  uint32_t eax;
-  uint32_t ebx = 0;
-  uint32_t ecx = 0;
-  uint32_t edx = 0;
-  uint32_t host_isa = 0x0;
-
-  // EBX for EAX=0x1
-  eax = 0x1;
-  cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-
-  if (ecx & cpuid_bit::sse42) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::SSE42;
-  }
-
-  if (ecx & cpuid_bit::pclmulqdq) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::PCLMULQDQ;
-  }
-
-  if ((ecx & cpuid_bit::osxsave) != cpuid_bit::osxsave) {
-    return host_isa;
-  }
-
-  // xgetbv for checking if the OS saves registers
-  uint64_t xcr0 = xgetbv();
-
-  if ((xcr0 & cpuid_bit::xcr0_bit::avx256_saved) == 0) {
-    return host_isa;
-  }
-  // ECX for EAX=0x7
-  eax = 0x7;
-  ecx = 0x0; // Sub-leaf = 0
-  cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx2) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX2;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::bmi1) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::BMI1;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::bmi2) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::BMI2;
-  }
-  if (!((xcr0 & cpuid_bit::xcr0_bit::avx512_saved) == cpuid_bit::xcr0_bit::avx512_saved)) {
-    return host_isa;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx512f) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512F;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx512bw) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512BW;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx512cd) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512CD;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx512dq) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512DQ;
-  }
-  if (ebx & cpuid_bit::ebx::avx512vl) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512VL;
-  }
-  if (ecx & cpuid_bit::ecx::avx512vbmi2) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512VBMI2;
-  }
-  if (ecx & cpuid_bit::ecx::avx512vpopcnt) {
-    host_isa |= instruction_set::AVX512VPOPCNTDQ;
-  }
-  return host_isa;
-}
-#else // fallback
-
-// includes 32-bit ARM.
-static inline uint32_t detect_supported_architectures() {
-  return instruction_set::DEFAULT;
-}
-
-
-#endif // end SIMD extension detection code
-
-} // namespace internal
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDutf_INTERNAL_ISADETECTION_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/internal/isadetection.h */
-
-
-namespace simdutf {
-
-/**
- * Autodetect the encoding of the input, a single encoding is recommended.
- * E.g., the function might return simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8,
- * simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE, simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_BE, or
- * simdutf::encoding_type::UTF32_LE.
- *
- * @param input the string to analyze.
- * @param length the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return the detected encoding type
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused simdutf::encoding_type autodetect_encoding(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-simdutf_really_inline simdutf_warn_unused simdutf::encoding_type autodetect_encoding(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return autodetect_encoding(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(input), length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Autodetect the possible encodings of the input in one pass.
- * E.g., if the input might be UTF-16LE or UTF-8, this function returns
- * the value (simdutf::encoding_type::UTF8 | simdutf::encoding_type::UTF16_LE).
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * @param input the string to analyze.
- * @param length the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return the detected encoding type
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-simdutf_really_inline simdutf_warn_unused int detect_encodings(const uint8_t * input, size_t length) noexcept {
-  return detect_encodings(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(input), length);
-}
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-8 string. This function may be best when you expect
- * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
- * validate_utf8_with_errors.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-8 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-8.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-8 string and stop on error.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-8 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the ASCII string.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * @param buf the ASCII string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid ASCII.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the ASCII string and stop on error. It might be faster than
- * validate_utf8 when an error is expected to occur early.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * @param buf the ASCII string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness; Validate the UTF-16 string.
- * This function may be best when you expect the input to be almost always valid.
- * Otherwise, consider using validate_utf16_with_errors.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-16.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-16LE string. This function may be best when you expect
- * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
- * validate_utf16le_with_errors.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16LE string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-16LE.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-16BE string. This function may be best when you expect
- * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
- * validate_utf16be_with_errors.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16BE string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-16BE.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness; Validate the UTF-16 string and stop on error.
- * It might be faster than validate_utf16 when an error is expected to occur early.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-16LE string and stop on error. It might be faster than
- * validate_utf16le when an error is expected to occur early.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16LE string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-16BE string and stop on error. It might be faster than
- * validate_utf16be when an error is expected to occur early.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-16BE string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-32 string. This function may be best when you expect
- * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
- * validate_utf32_with_errors.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-32 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 4-byte code units (char32_t).
- * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-32.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Validate the UTF-32 string and stop on error. It might be faster than
- * validate_utf32 when an error is expected to occur early.
- *
- * Overridden by each implementation.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param buf the UTF-32 string to validate.
- * @param len the length of the string in number of 4-byte code units (char32_t).
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF8 string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * input, size_t length, char* utf8_output) noexcept;
-
-
-    /**
-   * Convert possibly Latin1 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1  string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char32_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
- /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into latin1 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into a UTF-16 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert a Latin1 string into a UTF-16 string.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into latin1 string with errors.
-   * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
-   * code is returned.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16
- * string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char32_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) noexcept;
-
-    /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-8 string into latin1 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert valid UTF-8 string into a UTF-16 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char16_t
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return the number of written char32_t
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Return the number of bytes that this Latin1 string would require in UTF-8 format.
- *
- * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string bytes
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the Latin1 string as UTF-8
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-8 string would require in Latin1 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in byte
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-8 string as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of 2-byte code units that this UTF-8 string would require in UTF-16LE format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the number of char16_t code units required to encode the UTF-8 string as UTF-16LE
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of 4-byte code units that this UTF-8 string would require in UTF-32 format.
- *
- * This function is equivalent to count_utf8
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the number of char32_t code units required to encode the UTF-8 string as UTF-32
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16 string  or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
- * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
- * is returned.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16BE string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
- * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
- * is returned.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert valid UTF-16 string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert UTF-16 string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-16 string into
- * UTF-32 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert valid UTF-16 string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16 (native endianness).
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-16BE string into UTF-32 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/*
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE/BE string would require in Latin1 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness; Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16
- * string would require in UTF-8 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-8
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE string would require in UTF-8 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-8
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16BE string would require in UTF-8 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16BE string as UTF-8
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into a UTF-16 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into Latin1 string and stop on error.
- * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error is returned.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-32 string into Latin1 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16
- * string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string and stop on error.
- *
- * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
- * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness, convert valid UTF-32 string into a UTF-16 string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Change the endianness of the input. Can be used to go from UTF-16LE to UTF-16BE or
- * from UTF-16BE to UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
- */
-void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-32 string would require in UTF-8 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as UTF-8
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of two-byte code units that this UTF-32 string would require in UTF-16 format.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as UTF-16
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Using native endianness; Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16
- * string would require in UTF-32 format.
- *
- * This function is equivalent to count_utf16.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-32
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE string would require in UTF-32 format.
- *
- * This function is equivalent to count_utf16le.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-32
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16BE string would require in UTF-32 format.
- *
- * This function is equivalent to count_utf16be.
- *
- * This function does not validate the input.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16BE string as UTF-32
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
- * it is valid.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16 (native endianness).
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return number of code points
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
- * it is valid.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return number of code points
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
- * it is valid.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
- *
- * This function is not BOM-aware.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
- * @return number of code points
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
- * it is valid.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return number of code points
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Given a valid UTF-8 string having a possibly truncated last character,
- * this function checks the end of string. If the last character is truncated (or partial),
- * then it returns a shorter length (shorter by 1 to 3 bytes) so that the short UTF-8
- * strings only contain complete characters. If there is no truncated character,
- * the original length is returned.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8, but possibly truncated.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the length of the string in bytes, possibly shorter by 1 to 3 bytes
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf8(const char *input, size_t length);
-
-/**
- * Given a valid UTF-16BE string having a possibly truncated last character,
- * this function checks the end of string. If the last character is truncated (or partial),
- * then it returns a shorter length (shorter by 1 unit) so that the short UTF-16BE
- * strings only contain complete characters. If there is no truncated character,
- * the original length is returned.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE, but possibly truncated.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the length of the string in bytes, possibly shorter by 1 unit
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16be(const char16_t* input, size_t length);
-
-/**
- * Given a valid UTF-16LE string having a possibly truncated last character,
- * this function checks the end of string. If the last character is truncated (or partial),
- * then it returns a shorter length (shorter by 1 unit) so that the short UTF-16LE
- * strings only contain complete characters. If there is no truncated character,
- * the original length is returned.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE, but possibly truncated.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the length of the string in unit, possibly shorter by 1 unit
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16le(const char16_t* input, size_t length);
-
-
-/**
- * Given a valid UTF-16 string having a possibly truncated last character,
- * this function checks the end of string. If the last character is truncated (or partial),
- * then it returns a shorter length (shorter by 1 unit) so that the short UTF-16
- * strings only contain complete characters. If there is no truncated character,
- * the original length is returned.
- *
- * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16, but possibly truncated.
- * We use the native endianness.
- *
- * @param input         the UTF-16 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @return the length of the string in unit, possibly shorter by 1 unit
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t trim_partial_utf16(const char16_t* input, size_t length);
-
-// base64_options are used to specify the base64 encoding options.
-using base64_options = uint64_t;
-enum : base64_options {
-  base64_default = 0, /* standard base64 format */
-  base64_url = 1 /* base64url format*/
-};
-
-/**
- * Provide the maximal binary length in bytes given the base64 input.
- * In general, if the input contains ASCII spaces, the result will be less than
- * the maximum length.
- *
- * @param input         the base64 input to process
- * @param length        the length of the base64 input in bytes
- * @return maximum number of binary bytes
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Provide the maximal binary length in bytes given the base64 input.
- * In general, if the input contains ASCII spaces, the result will be less than
- * the maximum length.
- *
- * @param input         the base64 input to process, in ASCII stored as 16-bit units
- * @param length        the length of the base64 input in 16-bit units
- * @return maximal number of binary bytes
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert a base64 input to a binary ouput.
- *
- * This function follows the WHATWG forgiving-base64 format, which means that it will
- * ignore any ASCII spaces in the input. You may provide a padded input (with one or two
- * equal signs at the end) or an unpadded input (without any equal signs at the end).
- *
- * See https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
- *
- * This function will fail in case of invalid input. There are two possible reasons for
- * failure: the input contains a number of base64 characters that when divided by 4, leaves
- * a single remainder character (BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER), or the input contains a character
- * that is not a valid base64 character (INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER).
- *
- * When the error is INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, r.count contains the index in the input
- * where the invalid character was found. When the error is BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, then
- * r.count contains the number of bytes decoded.
- *
- * You should call this function with a buffer that is at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long.
- * If you fail to provide that much space, the function may cause a buffer overflow.
- *
- * @param input         the base64 string to process
- * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
- * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long).
- * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in bytes) if any, or the number of bytes written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Provide the base64 length in bytes given the length of a binary input.
- *
- * @param length        the length of the input in bytes
- * @return number of base64 bytes
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options = base64_default) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert a binary input to a base64 ouput. The output is always padded with equal signs so that it is
- * a multiple of 4 bytes long.
- *
- * This function always succeeds.
- *
- * @param input         the binary to process
- * @param length        the length of the input in bytes
- * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least base64_length_from_binary(length) bytes long)
- * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
- * @return number of written bytes, will be equal to base64_length_from_binary(length, options)
- */
-size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert a base64 input to a binary ouput.
- *
- * This function follows the WHATWG forgiving-base64 format, which means that it will
- * ignore any ASCII spaces in the input. You may provide a padded input (with one or two
- * equal signs at the end) or an unpadded input (without any equal signs at the end).
- *
- * See https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
- *
- * This function will fail in case of invalid input. There are two possible reasons for
- * failure: the input contains a number of base64 characters that when divided by 4, leaves
- * a single remainder character (BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER), or the input contains a character
- * that is not a valid base64 character (INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER).
- *
- * When the error is INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, r.count contains the index in the input
- * where the invalid character was found. When the error is BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, then
- * r.count contains the number of bytes decoded.
- *
- * You should call this function with a buffer that is at least maximal_binary_length_from_utf6_base64(input, length) bytes long.
- * If you fail to provide that much space, the function may cause a buffer overflow.
- *
- * @param input         the base64 string to process, in ASCII stored as 16-bit units
- * @param length        the length of the string in 16-bit units
- * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long).
- * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and position of the INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER error (in the input in units) if any, or the number of bytes written if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default)  noexcept;
-
-/**
- * Convert a base64 input to a binary ouput.
- *
- * This function follows the WHATWG forgiving-base64 format, which means that it will
- * ignore any ASCII spaces in the input. You may provide a padded input (with one or two
- * equal signs at the end) or an unpadded input (without any equal signs at the end).
- *
- * See https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
- *
- * This function will fail in case of invalid input. There are three possible reasons for
- * failure: the input contains a number of base64 characters that when divided by 4, leaves
- * a single remainder character (BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER), the input contains a character
- * that is not a valid base64 character (INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER), or the output buffer
- * is too small (OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL).
- *
- * When OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL, we return both the number of bytes written
- * and the number of units processed, see description of the parameters and returned value.
- *
- * When the error is INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER, r.count contains the index in the input
- * where the invalid character was found. When the error is BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER, then
- * r.count contains the number of bytes decoded.
- *
- * The INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER cases are considered fatal and you are expected to discard
- * the output.
- *
- * @param input         the base64 string to process, in ASCII stored as 8-bit or 16-bit units
- * @param length        the length of the string in 8-bit or 16-bit units.
- * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result.
- * @param outlen        the number of bytes that can be written in the output buffer. Upon return, it is modified to reflect how many bytes were written.
- * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
- * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and position of the INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER error (in the input in units) if any, or the number of units processed if successful.
- */
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary_safe(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, size_t& outlen, base64_options options = base64_default) noexcept;
-simdutf_warn_unused result base64_to_binary_safe(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, size_t& outlen, base64_options options = base64_default) noexcept;
-
-/**
- * An implementation of simdutf for a particular CPU architecture.
- *
- * Also used to maintain the currently active implementation. The active implementation is
- * automatically initialized on first use to the most advanced implementation supported by the host.
- */
-class implementation {
-public:
-
-  /**
-   * The name of this implementation.
-   *
-   *     const implementation *impl = simdutf::active_implementation;
-   *     cout << "simdutf is optimized for " << impl->name() << "(" << impl->description() << ")" << endl;
-   *
-   * @return the name of the implementation, e.g. "haswell", "westmere", "arm64"
-   */
-  virtual std::string name() const { return std::string(_name); }
-
-  /**
-   * The description of this implementation.
-   *
-   *     const implementation *impl = simdutf::active_implementation;
-   *     cout << "simdutf is optimized for " << impl->name() << "(" << impl->description() << ")" << endl;
-   *
-   * @return the name of the implementation, e.g. "haswell", "westmere", "arm64"
-   */
-  virtual std::string description() const { return std::string(_description); }
-
-  /**
-   * The instruction sets this implementation is compiled against
-   * and the current CPU match. This function may poll the current CPU/system
-   * and should therefore not be called too often if performance is a concern.
-   *
-   *
-   * @return true if the implementation can be safely used on the current system (determined at runtime)
-   */
-  bool supported_by_runtime_system() const;
-
-  /**
-   * This function will try to detect the encoding
-   * @param input the string to identify
-   * @param length the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return the encoding type detected
-   */
-  virtual encoding_type autodetect_encoding(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * This function will try to detect the possible encodings in one pass
-   * @param input the string to identify
-   * @param length the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return the encoding type detected
-   */
-  virtual int detect_encodings(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * @private For internal implementation use
-   *
-   * The instruction sets this implementation is compiled against.
-   *
-   * @return a mask of all required `internal::instruction_set::` values
-   */
-  virtual uint32_t required_instruction_sets() const { return _required_instruction_sets; }
-
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-8 string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-8.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual bool validate_utf8(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-8 string and stop on errors.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-8 string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result validate_utf8_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the ASCII string.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * @param buf the ASCII string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return true if and only if the string is valid ASCII.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual bool validate_ascii(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the ASCII string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * @param buf the ASCII string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in bytes.
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result validate_ascii_with_errors(const char *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-16LE string.This function may be best when you expect
-   * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
-   * validate_utf16le_with_errors.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-16LE string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
-   * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-16LE.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual bool validate_utf16le(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-16BE string. This function may be best when you expect
-   * the input to be almost always valid. Otherwise, consider using
-   * validate_utf16be_with_errors.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-16BE string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
-   * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-16BE.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual bool validate_utf16be(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-16LE string and stop on error.  It might be faster than
- * validate_utf16le when an error is expected to occur early.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-16LE string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result validate_utf16le_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-16BE string and stop on error. It might be faster than
-   * validate_utf16be when an error is expected to occur early.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-16BE string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 2-byte code units (char16_t).
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result validate_utf16be_with_errors(const char16_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-32 string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 4-byte code units (char32_t).
-   * @return true if and only if the string is valid UTF-32.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual bool validate_utf32(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Validate the UTF-32 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * Overridden by each implementation.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param buf the UTF-32 string to validate.
-   * @param len the length of the string in number of 4-byte code units (char32_t).
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result validate_utf32_with_errors(const char32_t *buf, size_t len) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF8 string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_latin1_to_utf8(const char * input, size_t length, char* utf8_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-    /**
-   * Convert possibly Latin1 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1  string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_latin1_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert Latin1 string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char32_t; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_latin1_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
- /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into latin1 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf8_to_latin1(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into latin1 string with errors.
-   * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
-   * code is returned.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf8_to_latin1_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-    /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-8 string into latin1 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param latin1_output  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_latin1(const char * input, size_t length, char* latin1_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf8_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of code units validated if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf8_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t; 0 if the input was not valid UTF-8 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf32_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf8_to_utf32_with_errors(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_output) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16le(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-/**
-   * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char16_t
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf16be(const char * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-8 string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param utf16_buffer  the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return the number of written char32_t
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf8_to_utf32(const char * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of 2-byte code units that this UTF-8 string would require in UTF-16LE format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @return the number of char16_t code units required to encode the UTF-8 string as UTF-16LE
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf16_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-   /**
-   * Compute the number of 4-byte code units that this UTF-8 string would require in UTF-32 format.
-   *
-   * This function is equivalent to count_utf8.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @return the number of char32_t code units required to encode the UTF-8 string as UTF-32
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf32_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16BE string or if it cannot be represented as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
-   * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
-   * is returned.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16le_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
-   * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error
-   * is returned.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16be_to_latin1_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16BE string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_latin1(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16BE string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16le_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16be_to_utf8_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16BE string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf8(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16LE string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-16BE string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16le_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-16BE string into UTF-32 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char32_t written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf16be_to_utf32_with_errors(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into UTF-32 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16le_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-16LE string into UTF-32BE string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param utf32_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf16be_to_utf32(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char32_t* utf32_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE string would require in UTF-8 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-8
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf8_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16BE string would require in UTF-8 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16BE string as UTF-8
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf8_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
-   */
-
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into Latin1 string and stop on error.
-   * If the string cannot be represented as Latin1, an error is returned.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf32_to_latin1_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-32 string into Latin1 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param latin1_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_latin1(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* latin1_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf32_to_utf8_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-8 string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf8_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf8(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char* utf8_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-    /**
-   * Return the number of bytes that this UTF-16 string would require in Latin1 format.
-   *
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16 string as Latin1
-   */
-    simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf16_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if input is not a valid UTF-32 string
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf32_to_utf16le_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert possibly broken UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string and stop on error.
-   *
-   * During the conversion also validation of the input string is done.
-   * This function is suitable to work with inputs from untrusted sources.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold conversion result
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in code units) if any, or the number of char16_t written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result convert_utf32_to_utf16be_with_errors(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-16LE string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16le(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert valid UTF-32 string into UTF-16BE string.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-32.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @param utf16_buffer   the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   * @return number of written code units; 0 if conversion is not possible
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t convert_valid_utf32_to_utf16be(const char32_t * input, size_t length, char16_t* utf16_buffer) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Change the endianness of the input. Can be used to go from UTF-16LE to UTF-16BE or
-   * from UTF-16BE to UTF-16LE.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16 string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result
-   */
-  virtual void change_endianness_utf16(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char16_t * output) const noexcept = 0;
-
- /**
-   * Return the number of bytes that this Latin1 string would require in UTF-8 format.
-   *
-   * @param input         the Latin1 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string bytes
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the Latin1 string as UTF-8
-   */
-    simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf8_length_from_latin1(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-32 string would require in UTF-8 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as UTF-8
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf8_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-32 string would require in Latin1 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t latin1_length_from_utf32(size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-8 string would require in Latin1 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in byte
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-8 string as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t latin1_length_from_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /*
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE/BE string would require in Latin1 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as Latin1
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t latin1_length_from_utf16(size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Compute the number of two-byte code units that this UTF-32 string would require in UTF-16 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as UTF-16
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf16_length_from_utf32(const char32_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-    /**
-   * Return the number of bytes that this UTF-32 string would require in Latin1 format.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-32 string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 4-byte code units (char32_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-32 string as Latin1
-   */
-    simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf32_length_from_latin1(size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /*
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16LE string would require in UTF-32 format.
-   *
-   * This function is equivalent to count_utf16le.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16LE string as UTF-32
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf32_length_from_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /*
-   * Compute the number of bytes that this UTF-16BE string would require in UTF-32 format.
-   *
-   * This function is equivalent to count_utf16be.
-   *
-   * This function does not validate the input.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to convert
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return the number of bytes required to encode the UTF-16BE string as UTF-32
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t utf32_length_from_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
-   * it is valid.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16LE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16LE string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return number of code points
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t count_utf16le(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
-   * it is valid.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-16BE.
-   *
-   * This function is not BOM-aware.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-16BE string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 2-byte code units (char16_t)
-   * @return number of code points
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t count_utf16be(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-  /**
-   * Count the number of code points (characters) in the string assuming that
-   * it is valid.
-   *
-   * This function assumes that the input string is valid UTF-8.
-   *
-   * @param input         the UTF-8 string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @return number of code points
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t count_utf8(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Provide the maximal binary length in bytes given the base64 input.
-   * In general, if the input contains ASCII spaces, the result will be less than
-   * the maximum length.
-   *
-   * @param input         the base64 input to process
-   * @param length        the length of the base64 input in bytes
-   * @return maximal number of binary bytes
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Provide the maximal binary length in bytes given the base64 input.
-   * In general, if the input contains ASCII spaces, the result will be less than
-   * the maximum length.
-   *
-   * @param input         the base64 input to process, in ASCII stored as 16-bit units
-   * @param length        the length of the base64 input in 16-bit units
-   * @return maximal number of binary bytes
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t maximal_binary_length_from_base64(const char16_t * input, size_t length) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert a base64 input to a binary ouput.
-   *
-   * This function follows the WHATWG forgiving-base64 format, which means that it will
-   * ignore any ASCII spaces in the input. You may provide a padded input (with one or two
-   * equal signs at the end) or an unpadded input (without any equal signs at the end).
-   *
-   * See https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
-   *
-   * This function will fail in case of invalid input. There are two possible reasons for
-   * failure: the input contains a number of base64 characters that when divided by 4, leaves
-   * a single remainder character (BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER), or the input contains a character
-   * that is not a valid base64 character (INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER).
-   *
-   * You should call this function with a buffer that is at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long.
-   * If you fail to provide that much space, the function may cause a buffer overflow.
-   *
-   * @param input         the base64 string to process
-   * @param length        the length of the string in bytes
-   * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long).
-   * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and either position of the error (in the input in bytes) if any, or the number of bytes written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result base64_to_binary(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert a base64 input to a binary ouput.
-   *
-   * This function follows the WHATWG forgiving-base64 format, which means that it will
-   * ignore any ASCII spaces in the input. You may provide a padded input (with one or two
-   * equal signs at the end) or an unpadded input (without any equal signs at the end).
-   *
-   * See https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#forgiving-base64-decode
-   *
-   * This function will fail in case of invalid input. There are two possible reasons for
-   * failure: the input contains a number of base64 characters that when divided by 4, leaves
-   * a single remainder character (BASE64_INPUT_REMAINDER), or the input contains a character
-   * that is not a valid base64 character (INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER).
-   *
-   * You should call this function with a buffer that is at least maximal_binary_length_from_utf6_base64(input, length) bytes long.
-   * If you fail to provide that much space, the function may cause a buffer overflow.
-   *
-   * @param input         the base64 string to process, in ASCII stored as 16-bit units
-   * @param length        the length of the string in 16-bit units
-   * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least maximal_binary_length_from_base64(input, length) bytes long).
-   * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
-   * @return a result pair struct (of type simdutf::error containing the two fields error and count) with an error code and position of the INVALID_BASE64_CHARACTER error (in the input in units) if any, or the number of bytes written if successful.
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual result base64_to_binary(const char16_t * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Provide the base64 length in bytes given the length of a binary input.
-   *
-   * @param length        the length of the input in bytes
-   * @parem options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
-   * @return number of base64 bytes
-   */
-  simdutf_warn_unused virtual size_t base64_length_from_binary(size_t length, base64_options options = base64_default) const noexcept = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * Convert a binary input to a base64 ouput. The output is always padded with equal signs so that it is
-   * a multiple of 4 bytes long.
-   *
-   * This function always succeeds.
-   *
-   * @param input         the binary to process
-   * @param length        the length of the input in bytes
-   * @param output        the pointer to buffer that can hold the conversion result (should be at least base64_length_from_binary(length) bytes long)
-   * @param options       the base64 options to use, can be base64_default or base64_url, is base64_default by default.
-   * @return number of written bytes, will be equal to base64_length_from_binary(length, options)
-   */
-  virtual size_t binary_to_base64(const char * input, size_t length, char* output, base64_options options = base64_default) const noexcept = 0;
-
-
-protected:
-  /** @private Construct an implementation with the given name and description. For subclasses. */
-  simdutf_really_inline implementation(
-    const char* name,
-    const char* description,
-    uint32_t required_instruction_sets
-  ) :
-    _name(name),
-    _description(description),
-    _required_instruction_sets(required_instruction_sets)
-  {
-  }
-protected:
-  ~implementation() = default;
-private:
-  /**
-   * The name of this implementation.
-   */
-  const char* _name;
-
-  /**
-   * The description of this implementation.
-   */
-  const char* _description;
-
-  /**
-   * Instruction sets required for this implementation.
-   */
-  const uint32_t _required_instruction_sets;
-};
-
-/** @private */
-namespace internal {
-
-/**
- * The list of available implementations compiled into simdutf.
- */
-class available_implementation_list {
-public:
-  /** Get the list of available implementations compiled into simdutf */
-  simdutf_really_inline available_implementation_list() {}
-  /** Number of implementations */
-  size_t size() const noexcept;
-  /** STL const begin() iterator */
-  const implementation * const *begin() const noexcept;
-  /** STL const end() iterator */
-  const implementation * const *end() const noexcept;
-
-  /**
-   * Get the implementation with the given name.
-   *
-   * Case sensitive.
-   *
-   *     const implementation *impl = simdutf::available_implementations["westmere"];
-   *     if (!impl) { exit(1); }
-   *     if (!imp->supported_by_runtime_system()) { exit(1); }
-   *     simdutf::active_implementation = impl;
-   *
-   * @param name the implementation to find, e.g. "westmere", "haswell", "arm64"
-   * @return the implementation, or nullptr if the parse failed.
-   */
-  const implementation * operator[](const std::string &name) const noexcept {
-    for (const implementation * impl : *this) {
-      if (impl->name() == name) { return impl; }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Detect the most advanced implementation supported by the current host.
-   *
-   * This is used to initialize the implementation on startup.
-   *
-   *     const implementation *impl = simdutf::available_implementation::detect_best_supported();
-   *     simdutf::active_implementation = impl;
-   *
-   * @return the most advanced supported implementation for the current host, or an
-   *         implementation that returns UNSUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURE if there is no supported
-   *         implementation. Will never return nullptr.
-   */
-  const implementation *detect_best_supported() const noexcept;
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-class atomic_ptr {
-public:
-  atomic_ptr(T *_ptr) : ptr{_ptr} {}
-
-#if defined(SIMDUTF_NO_THREADS)
-  operator const T*() const { return ptr; }
-  const T& operator*() const { return *ptr; }
-  const T* operator->() const { return ptr; }
-
-  operator T*() { return ptr; }
-  T& operator*() { return *ptr; }
-  T* operator->() { return ptr; }
-  atomic_ptr& operator=(T *_ptr) { ptr = _ptr; return *this; }
-
-#else
-  operator const T*() const { return ptr.load(); }
-  const T& operator*() const { return *ptr; }
-  const T* operator->() const { return ptr.load(); }
-
-  operator T*() { return ptr.load(); }
-  T& operator*() { return *ptr; }
-  T* operator->() { return ptr.load(); }
-  atomic_ptr& operator=(T *_ptr) { ptr = _ptr; return *this; }
-
-#endif
-
-private:
-#if defined(SIMDUTF_NO_THREADS)
-  T* ptr;
-#else
-  std::atomic<T*> ptr;
-#endif
-};
-
-class detect_best_supported_implementation_on_first_use;
-
-} // namespace internal
-
-/**
- * The list of available implementations compiled into simdutf.
- */
-extern SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT const internal::available_implementation_list& get_available_implementations();
-
-/**
-  * The active implementation.
-  *
-  * Automatically initialized on first use to the most advanced implementation supported by this hardware.
-  */
-extern SIMDUTF_DLLIMPORTEXPORT internal::atomic_ptr<const implementation>& get_active_implementation();
-
-
-} // namespace simdutf
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_H
-/* end file include/simdutf/implementation.h */
-
-
-// Implementation-internal files (must be included before the implementations themselves, to keep
-// amalgamation working--otherwise, the first time a file is included, it might be put inside the
-// #ifdef SIMDUTF_IMPLEMENTATION_ARM64/FALLBACK/etc., which means the other implementations can't
-// compile unless that implementation is turned on).
-
-
-SIMDUTF_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
-
-#endif // SIMDUTF_H
-/* end file include/simdutf.h */
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/sqlite/JSSQLStatement.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/sqlite/JSSQLStatement.cpp
index d0a48b5f9e8a44..9c1214b5fe0266 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/sqlite/JSSQLStatement.cpp
+++ b/src/bun.js/bindings/sqlite/JSSQLStatement.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #include "DOMJITIDLTypeFilter.h"
 #include "DOMJITHelpers.h"
 #include <JavaScriptCore/DFGAbstractHeap.h>
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 #include <JavaScriptCore/ObjectPrototype.h>
 #include "BunBuiltinNames.h"
 #include "sqlite3_error_codes.h"
diff --git a/src/bun.js/bindings/wtf-bindings.cpp b/src/bun.js/bindings/wtf-bindings.cpp
index 5e4ebcf1e3b0c7..848e7d143d1e72 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/bindings/wtf-bindings.cpp
+++ b/src/bun.js/bindings/wtf-bindings.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <wtf/dtoa.h>
 #include <atomic>
 
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 #if OS(WINDOWS)
 #include <uv.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/src/bun.js/modules/NodeBufferModule.h b/src/bun.js/modules/NodeBufferModule.h
index 7ef05f1ebbd1a4..d7f768e83884a8 100644
--- a/src/bun.js/modules/NodeBufferModule.h
+++ b/src/bun.js/modules/NodeBufferModule.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "../bindings/JSBuffer.h"
 #include "_NativeModule.h"
-#include "simdutf.h"
+#include "wtf/SIMDUTF.h"
 
 namespace Zig {
 using namespace WebCore;