diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCase.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCase.java
index ab3036f0b..ea1e1870c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCase.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCase.java
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 public class MigrateJUnitTestCase extends Recipe {
 
     private static final AnnotationMatcher JUNIT_TEST_ANNOTATION_MATCHER = new AnnotationMatcher("@org.junit.Test");
+    private static final AnnotationMatcher JUNIT_AFTER_ANNOTATION_MATCHER = new AnnotationMatcher("@org.junit.*After*");
+    private static final AnnotationMatcher JUNIT_BEFORE_ANNOTATION_MATCHER = new AnnotationMatcher("@org.junit.*Before*");
 
     private static boolean isSupertypeTestCase(@Nullable JavaType.FullyQualified fullyQualified) {
         if (fullyQualified == null || fullyQualified.getSupertype() == null || "java.lang.Object".equals(fullyQualified.getFullyQualifiedName())) {
@@ -123,9 +125,9 @@ public J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(J.MethodDeclaration method, Ex
             updateCursor(md);
             if (md.getSimpleName().startsWith("test") && md.getLeadingAnnotations().stream().noneMatch(JUNIT_TEST_ANNOTATION_MATCHER::matches)) {
                 md = updateMethodDeclarationAnnotationAndModifier(md, "@Test", "org.junit.jupiter.api.Test", ctx);
-            } else if ("setUp".equals(md.getSimpleName())) {
+            } else if ("setUp".equals(md.getSimpleName()) && md.getLeadingAnnotations().stream().noneMatch(JUNIT_BEFORE_ANNOTATION_MATCHER::matches)) {
                 md = updateMethodDeclarationAnnotationAndModifier(md, "@BeforeEach", "org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach", ctx);
-            } else if ("tearDown".equals(md.getSimpleName())) {
+            } else if ("tearDown".equals(md.getSimpleName()) && md.getLeadingAnnotations().stream().noneMatch(JUNIT_AFTER_ANNOTATION_MATCHER::matches)) {
                 md = updateMethodDeclarationAnnotationAndModifier(md, "@AfterEach", "org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach", ctx);
             }
             return md;
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCaseTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCaseTest.java
index 80084d858..ecf9c1fa2 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCaseTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/testing/junit5/MigrateJUnitTestCaseTest.java
@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@ void convertTestCase() {
           java(
             """
               import junit.framework.TestCase;
-                            
+
               public class MathTest extends TestCase {
                   protected long value1;
                   protected long value2;
-                            
+
                   @Override
                   protected void setUp() {
                       super.setUp();
                       value1 = 2;
                       value2 = 3;
                   }
-                            
+
                   public void testAdd() {
                       setName("primitive test");
                       long result = value1 + value2;
                       assertEquals(5, result);
                       fail("some Failure message");
                   }
-                            
+
                   @Override
                   protected void tearDown() {
                       super.tearDown();
@@ -73,19 +73,19 @@ protected void tearDown() {
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-                            
+
               import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
               public class MathTest {
                   protected long value1;
                   protected long value2;
-                            
+
                   @BeforeEach
                   public void setUp() {
                       value1 = 2;
                       value2 = 3;
                   }
-                            
+
                   @Test
                   public void testAdd() {
                       //setName("primitive test");
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public void testAdd() {
                       assertEquals(5, result);
                       fail("some Failure message");
                   }
-                            
+
                   @AfterEach
                   public void tearDown() {
                       value1 = 0;
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ void convertExtendedTestCase() {
               public abstract class CTest extends TestCase {
                   @Override
                   public void setUp() {}
-                  
+
                   @Override
                   public void tearDown() {}
               }
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ public void tearDown() {}
               package com.abc;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-                            
+
               public abstract class CTest {
                   @BeforeEach
                   public void setUp() {}
-                            
+
                   @AfterEach
                   public void tearDown() {}
               }
@@ -143,18 +143,18 @@ public void tearDown() {}
               public class MathTest extends CTest {
                   protected long value1;
                   protected long value2;
-                            
+
                   @Override
                   protected void setUp() {
                       value1 = 2;
                       value2 = 3;
                   }
-                            
+
                   public void testAdd() {
                       long result = value1 + value2;
                       assertEquals(5, result);
                   }
-                            
+
                   @Override
                   protected void tearDown() {
                       value1 = 0;
@@ -168,25 +168,25 @@ protected void tearDown() {
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
               import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-                            
+
               import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
               public class MathTest extends CTest {
                   protected long value1;
                   protected long value2;
-                            
+
                   @BeforeEach
                   public void setUp() {
                       value1 = 2;
                       value2 = 3;
                   }
-                            
+
                   @Test
                   public void testAdd() {
                       long result = value1 + value2;
                       assertEquals(5, result);
                   }
-                            
+
                   @AfterEach
                   public void tearDown() {
                       value1 = 0;
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ void notTestCaseHasTestCaseAssertion() {
           java(
             """
               import org.junit.Test;
-                            
+
               import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
-                            
+
               class AaTest {
                   @Test
                   public void someTest() {
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ private boolean isSameStuff(String stuff) {
               """,
             """
               import org.junit.Test;
-                            
+
               import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-                            
+
               class AaTest {
                   @Test
                   public void someTest() {
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ void notTestCaseHasAssertAssertion() {
           java(
             """
               import org.junit.Test;
-                            
+
               import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
-                            
+
               class AaTest {
                   @Test
                   public void someTest() {
@@ -259,9 +259,9 @@ private boolean isSameStuff(String stuff) {
               """,
             """
               import org.junit.Test;
-                            
+
               import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-                            
+
               class AaTest {
                   @Test
                   public void someTest() {
@@ -293,4 +293,48 @@ public void testSomeNumberStuff() {
           )
         );
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void avoidDuplicateAnnotations(){
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.recipes(
+            new MigrateJUnitTestCase(),
+            new UpdateBeforeAfterAnnotations()
+          ),
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import junit.framework.TestCase;
+              import org.junit.After;
+              import org.junit.Before;
+
+              public class MathTest extends TestCase {
+
+                  @Before
+                  public void setUp() {
+                  }
+
+                  @After
+                  public void tearDown() {
+                  }
+              }
+              """,
+            """
+              import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+              import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+
+              public class MathTest {
+
+                  @BeforeEach
+                  public void setUp() {
+                  }
+
+                  @AfterEach
+                  public void tearDown() {
+                  }
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
 }