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risk.json
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risk.json
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{
"TODO": {
"st_lucia": {
"n": 1679
}
},
"default_expr": {
"pipe": [
"sum",
"cross-entropy",
"sigmoid"
],
"vals": [
"age"
]
},
"default_family_history": {
"from_study": "Rotterdam",
"parents_pc": 1.1,
"ref": [
{
"DOI": "10.1001/archopht.116.12.1640",
"ISSN": "0003-9950",
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.116.12.1640",
"abstract": "Objectives \nTo study familial aggregation of primary open-angle glaucoma in a general population and to determine the absolute and relative risks for first-degree relatives.Methods\nFirst-degree relatives of patients with glaucoma (n=48) and control subjects (n=155) from the population-based Rotterdam Study underwent a standardized examination, including perimetry.Main Outcome Measures\nIntraocular pressure; vertical cup-disc ratio; and the presence of glaucoma, defined as a visual field defect with a cup-disc ratio of 0.7 or higher or asymmetry of 0.3 or higher between both eyes.Results\nThe prevalence of glaucoma was 10.4% in siblings of patients, 1.1% in offspring of patients, 0.7% in siblings of controls, and 0% in offspring of controls. Lifetime risk of elevated intraocular pressure in relatives of patients vs relatives of controls was 42.5% vs 6.7%, of enlarged cup-disc ratio was 62.2% vs 16.6%, and of glaucoma was 22.0% vs 2.3%, yielding a risk ratio for glaucoma of 9.2 (95% confidence interval=1.2-73.9). The population-attributable risk of glaucoma was 16.4%.Conclusions\nIn a general population, relatives of patients with glaucoma have a strongly increased risk of glaucoma. Enlarged cup-disc ratio, not intraocular pressure, was the earliest and most prominent feature of familial aggregation. Further studies are needed to disentangle the genetic components of the increased familial risk.",
"author": [
{
"literal": "Wolfs RW"
},
{
"literal": "Klaver CW"
},
{
"literal": "Ramrattan RS"
},
{
"literal": "van Duijn CM"
},
{
"literal": "Hofman A"
},
{
"literal": "de Jong PM"
}
],
"container-title": "Archives of Ophthalmology",
"id": "http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/6NHEIVNU",
"issue": "12",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
"1998",
12,
1
]
]
},
"journalAbbreviation": "Archives of Ophthalmology",
"page": "1640-1645",
"title": "Genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: Population-based familial aggregation study",
"type": "article-journal",
"volume": "116"
}
],
"sibling_pc": 10.4
},
"default_multiplicative_risks": {
"age": {
"50-80": 3,
"80+": 12,
"<50": 1
},
"diabetes": {
"existent": 1.93
},
"family_history": {
"existent": 3
},
"myopia": {
"existent": 1.88
},
"ref": [
{
"ISSN": "0012-7183",
"URL": "http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26241991",
"author": [
{
"family": "Tuulonen",
"given": "Anja"
},
{
"family": "Forsman",
"given": "Eva"
},
{
"family": "Hagman",
"given": "Juha"
},
{
"family": "Harju",
"given": "Mika"
},
{
"family": "Kari",
"given": "Osmo"
},
{
"family": "Lumme",
"given": "Pirkko"
},
{
"family": "Luodonpää",
"given": "Marja"
},
{
"family": "Määttä",
"given": "Marko"
},
{
"family": "Saarela",
"given": "Ville"
},
{
"family": "Vaajanen",
"given": "Anu"
},
{
"family": "Komulainen",
"given": "Jorma"
}
],
"container-title": "Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja",
"id": "http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/6NK5N3CX",
"issue": "4",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
"2015"
]
]
},
"page": "356—358",
"title": "[Update on Current Care Guideline: Glaucoma]",
"type": "article-journal",
"volume": "131"
},
{
"URL": "https://nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/guidelines-screening-prognosis-diagnosis-management-and-prevention-glaucoma",
"author": [
{
"family": "(National Health and Medical Research Council)",
"given": "NHMRC"
}
],
"event-place": "Australia",
"genre": "Guideline",
"id": "http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/2BAWXSAQ",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
"2010",
11
]
]
},
"language": "English",
"publisher-place": "Australia",
"title": "Guidelines for the Screening, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Glaucoma",
"type": "report"
}
]
},
"general_stats": [
{
"Age": "30+",
"Location": "Gambia, West Africa",
"POAG (%)": 1.2,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "40-84",
"Location": "Barbados, West Indies",
"POAG (%)": 7.1,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "30+",
"Location": "St Lucia, Caribbean",
"POAG (%)": 8.8,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "40+",
"Location": "Baltimore, USA",
"POAG (%)": 4.74,
"Racial origin": "European"
},
{
"Age": "30+",
"Location": "Akwapim-South district,",
"POAG (%)": 7.7,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "40+",
"Location": "Ghana, West Africa",
"POAG (%)": 8.5,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "55+",
"Location": "Rotterdam, Netherlands",
"POAG (%)": 1.1,
"Racial origin": "European"
},
{
"Age": "40-84",
"Location": "Barbados, West Indies",
"POAG (%)": 0.8,
"Racial origin": "Africa"
},
{
"Age": "40+",
"Location": "Baltimore, USA",
"POAG (%)": 1.29,
"Racial origin": "European"
},
{
"Age": "49+",
"Location": "Sydney, Australia",
"POAG (%)": 3,
"Racial origin": "Australia"
},
{
"Age": "40+",
"Location": "Victoria, Australia",
"POAG (%)": 1.8,
"Racial origin": "Australia"
},
{
"Age": "40-84",
"Location": "Barbados, West Indies",
"POAG (%)": 3.3,
"Racial origin": "Mixed race"
}
],
"global_notes": [
"The largest population (n) study was chosen per ethnic group",
"Prevalence for people younger than population age range are assigned lowest risk",
"Males have a higher risk, in all included studies, except BMES [White (Northern European: Australian)]",
"Check original paper(s) for CI and other study controls/notes",
"With the exception of Indian, all data extracted from studies show prevalence of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)",
"With the exception of the Korean study, the same multiplicative risks are used for: myopia; hyperopia; diabetes; and family history, as per:<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/2BAWXSAQ\" class=\"csl-entry\">(National Health and Medical Research Council), N., 2010. <i>Guidelines for the Screening, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Glaucoma</i>, Australia. Available at: https://nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/guidelines-screening-prognosis-diagnosis-management-and-prevention-glaucoma.</div>\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/6NK5N3CX\" class=\"csl-entry\">Tuulonen, A. et al., 2015. [Update on Current Care Guideline: Glaucoma]. <i>Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja</i>, 131(4), p.356—358. Available at: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26241991.</div>\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/6NHEIVNU\" class=\"csl-entry\">Wolfs RW et al., 1998. Genetic risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: Population-based familial aggregation study. <i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>, 116(12), pp.1640–1645. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.116.12.1640.</div>\n</div>"
],
"html_of_all_refs": "\"<h5>Aboriginal [n=1189]: Australian Aboriginal</h5> <ul><li>\\\"Interestingly, there were no cases of low vision or blindness solely attributable to glaucoma.\\\"</li></ul>\\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/6MQ52GTR\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Chua, B.E. et al., 2011. Glaucoma prevalence in Indigenous Australians. <i>British Journal of Ophthalmology</i>, 95(7), pp.926–930. Available at: http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bjo.2010.192716 [Accessed September 11, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Barbados [n=4498]: Black African (Barbados, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean)</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/WC34ZE84\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Barbados Statistical Service, 2010. <i>2010 population and housing census</i>, Barbados: Barbados Statistical Service. Available at: www.barstats.gov.bb/files/documents/PHC_2010_Census_Volume_1.pdf [Accessed March 17, 2017].</div>\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/GP2J8UM3\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">M, L. et al., 1994. The barbados eye study: Prevalence of open angle glaucoma. <i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>, 112(6), pp.821–829. Available at: + http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1994.01090180121046.</div>\\n</div><h5>Bmes [n=3654]: White (Northern European: Australian)</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/DTV644DX\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Mitchell, P. et al., 1996. Prevalence of Open-angle Glaucoma in Australia. <i>Ophthalmology</i>, 103(10), pp.1661–1669. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0161642096304491 [Accessed September 14, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Framingham [n=2631]: White European (Canadian; Italian; Irish; Welsh; Scottish)</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/X9TI96I9\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Govindaraju, D.R. et al., 2008. Genetics of the Framingham Heart Study Population. <i>Advances in genetics</i>, 62, pp.33–65.</div>\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/KHCNRZE3\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Kahn, H.A. & Milton, R.C., 1980. Revised Framingham eye study prevalence of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. <i>American journal of epidemiology</i>, 111(6), pp.769–776.</div>\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/GB5I6PVS\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Krueger, D.E., Milton, R.C. & Maunder, L.R., The Framingham eye study: Introduction to the monograph. <i>Survey of Ophthalmology</i>, 24(6), pp.614–620. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(80)90122-8 [Accessed March 14, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Ghana [n=1785]: Black African (Ghana)</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/UK2A2K8C\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Ntim-Amponsah, C.T. et al., 2004. Prevalence of glaucoma in an African population. <i>Eye</i>, 18(5), pp.491–497. Available at: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/sj.eye.6700674 [Accessed May 18, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Indian [n=14092]: Indian</h5> <ul><li>Urban statistics are used</li></ul>\\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/2D8W5GGP\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Paul, C. et al., 2016. Prevalence of glaucoma in Eastern India: The Hooghly River Glaucoma Study. <i>Indian Journal of Ophthalmology</i>, 64(8), p.578. Available at: http://www.ijo.in/text.asp?2016/64/8/578/191497 [Accessed September 11, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Japanese [n=3021]: Japanese</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/J5GE53XW\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Iwase, A. et al., 2004. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese. <i>Ophthalmology</i>, 111(9), pp.1641–1648. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642004006657.</div>\\n</div><h5>Korean [n=13831]: Korean</h5> <ul></ul>\\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/BQPKEZUT\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Kim, K.E. et al., 2016. Prevalence, Awareness, and Risk Factors of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. <i>Ophthalmology</i>, 123(3), pp.532–541. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642015013251.</div>\\n</div><h5>Nepal [n=4800]: Nepalese</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/66BP7WTI\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Thapa, S.S. et al., 2012. A Population-based Survey of the Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study. <i>Ophthalmology</i>, 119(4), pp.759–764. Available at: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0161642011009869 [Accessed September 22, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Olmsted [n=60666]: White (German; Norwegian; Irish; English)</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/WZEDUEDB\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Schoff, E.O. et al., 2001. Estimated incidence of open-angle glaucoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota. <i>Ophthalmology</i>, 108(5), pp.882–886. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642001005504.</div>\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/JC8J5XII\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">United States Census Bureau, 2000. <i>Census 2000</i>, United States of America. Available at: https://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html [Accessed March 16, 2017].</div>\\n</div><h5>Singapore [n=3353]: Chinese [Singapore: urban]</h5> \\n <div class=\\\"csl-bib-body\\\">\\n <div data-csl-entry-id=\\\"http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/XUFHH45J\\\" class=\\\"csl-entry\\\">Baskaran, M. et al., 2015. The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in an Urban Chinese Population: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study. <i>JAMA Ophthalmology</i>, 133(8), p.874. Available at: http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1110 [Accessed September 6, 2017].</div>\\n</div>\"",
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"abstract": "This article briefly summarizes the monograph, The Framingham Eye Study Monograph: An Ophthalmological and Epidemiological Study of Cataract, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, and Visual Acuity in a General Population of 2631 Adults, 1973?1975. This 275-page monograph, authored by H. Liebowitz, D. Krueger, C. Maunder et al, has recently been published by Survey of Ophthalmology (Surv Ophthalmol 24 (suppl): 335?610, 1980). The purpose of the study, undertaken by the National Eye Institute, was to provide a description of the prevalence and severity of four diseases that are believed to be the major causes of severe visual handicap among adults in the United States. The monograph presents the detailed protocols and record forms, definitions of the specific abnormalities and characteristics, criteria for suspicion and diagnosis of disease, detailed tables of the basic data, evaluation of quality of the data, and discussion of selected findings.",
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"family": "Maunder",
"given": "Lucinda R"
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"issue": "6",
"page": "614-620",
"title": "The Framingham eye study: Introduction to the monograph",
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{
"ISSN": "0002-9262 0002-9262",
"PMID": "7386451",
"author": [
{
"family": "Kahn",
"given": "H. A."
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{
"family": "Milton",
"given": "R. C."
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"id": "http://zotero.org/users/843109/items/KHCNRZE3",
"issue": "6",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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6
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"note": "PMID: 7386451",
"page": "769-776",
"title": "Revised Framingham eye study prevalence of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.",
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"volume": "111"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S0065-2660(08)00602-0",
"ISSN": "0065-2660",
"PMID": "19010253",
"abstract": "This article provides an introduction to the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and the genetic research related to cardiovascular diseases conducted in this unique population. It briefly describes the origins of the study, the risk factors that contribute to heart disease and the approaches taken to discover the genetic basis of some of these risk factors. The genetic architecture of several biological risk factors has been explained using family studies, segregation analysis, heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations. Many quantitative trait loci underlying cardiovascular diseases have been discovered using different molecular markers. Additionally, results from genome-wide association studies using 100,000 markers, and the prospects of using 550,000 markers for association studies are presented. Finally, the use of this unique sample in genotype and environment interaction is described.",
"author": [
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"family": "Govindaraju",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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