Upgrade ubuntu to newest LTS version [24.04] across all flows (future work)

[rockett-m]

Abstract

Note: this is similar to issue #266 but to preserve compatibility, we are pushing out this upgrade to a future date. We will aim to upgrade to version 22.04+ in all flows as of June 2024.

We are using versions as old as 20.04 in some of the flows.
It would be beneficial to upgrade and should take advantage of the latest features of ubuntu.
The version should also be consistent across the entire codebase.
Credits to @madars and @HalosGhost for input on this.

Description

For example,
.github/workflows/ uses ubuntu version 20.04.
dockerfile has ubuntu version 22.04.
Across the board we should use version 24.04 (latest).

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