From 2e1dddc69aba00c92dfe959d218e639ee6444964 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Munday <mike.munday@lowrisc.org>
Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 23:33:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Change 'Blog' to 'News'

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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>About lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>About lowRISC</h1><section class=lead><div class=col><p class=font-weight-bold>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company using collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools, through a unique combination of skills, expertise and vision.</p><p>We provide a home for multi-partner projects that deliver verified, high quality IP and tools, which provide the solid foundations that are necessary for the rapid development cycles required for next generation silicon products. lowRISC employs an engineering team in Cambridge, UK, working on our own developments, partner projects, and work-for-hire that is aligned with our mission.</p></div></section><section style=padding-top:20px><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading>lowRISC Team</h2><div class=lead><p>The lowRISC team is based in Cambridge, UK. We have a talented engineering team with diverse experience in industry, open source, and research and development.</p><p>Engineers at lowRISC include hardware, software and full stack specialists, with skills including processor and SoC design, hardware security, design verification, RISC-V tools, and the LLVM compiler.</p><p>Ongoing work at the <a href=https://www.cst.cam.ac.uk>University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory</a> explores ideas for Linux-capable 64-bit systems.</p><p>We are also grateful to our collaborators elsewhere in the community, as well as the undergraduates, graduate students, and interns who have contributed.</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="King's college Cambridge viewed from the backs" title="King's college Cambridge viewed from the backs" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><section><div class=col-md-3><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>lowRISC CIC Board of Directors</h2></div><div class=col><p>The lowRISC Community Interest Company board consists of:</p><ul><li>Prof. Sir Andy Hopper, CBE FRS FIET FREng (Independent Chair, Treasurer and Vice President of the Royal Society)</li><li>Will Drewry (Google)</li><li>Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert (TUM)</li><li>Dr. Gavin Ferris (CEO, lowRISC)</li><li>Prof. Robert Mullins (University of Cambridge)</li><li>Cyrus Stoller (Google)</li></ul></div></section><section><div class=col-md-3><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>lowRISC values</h2></div><div class=col><p><strong>lowRISC is different.</strong> Here are some of the things that distinguish us in the open hardware world, and which drive and shape our work:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Durable technology.</strong> lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></li><li><p><strong>Open source.</strong> Our work is open and permissively licensed, moving the whole industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools.</p></li><li><p><strong>Technical excellence.</strong> High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology.</p></li><li><p><strong>Collaborative engineering.</strong> We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pragmatic.</strong> We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale.</p></li></ul></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col-md-5><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt=ecosystem title=ecosystem class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading><span class=text-muted>Part of the</span> open ecosystem.</h2><div class=lead><p>The open source hardware ecosystem includes organisations working in many different ways, and working together to drive adoption of open source silicon. New relationships and partnerships are developing all the time.</p><p>lowRISC is a <a href=https://riscv.org/membership/founding-members/>Founding member</a> of <a href=https://riscv.org/>the RISC-V Foundation</a>.</p><p>lowRISC staff are actively engaged in numerous key community initiatives and are frequent speakers at events such as the RISC-V Workshops, ORConf, and LLVM Developers’ Meetings.</p></div></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2>lowRISC C.I.C.</h2><p class=lead>lowRISC Community Interest Company is a not-for-profit, private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales with Company number 09272283.</p></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>What is a CIC?</h2></div><div class=col><p>A community interest company (CIC) is a type of company, designed for social enterprises that want to use their profits and assets for the public good. CICs have all the flexibility and certainty of a regular company, but with special features to ensure they are working for the benefit of the community. A social enterprise is a business with “for-good” objectives whose surpluses are reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community. (Find out more about CICs on the gov.uk site.) lowRISC C.I.C. does not have shares, so we don’t pay dividends, and any surpluses are reinvested in our work.</p><p>While permissive licensing is used for hardware and software design artefacts, it remains necessary to protect trademarks, and certification has a key role to play. This is where lowRISC as a vendor neutral not-for-profit provides an independent home for holding intellectual property rights, and either directly operating, or specifying and overseeing the operation of certification programmes.</p><p>As a not-for-profit company, lowRISC can act as a neutral home for projects and multi-party corporate collaborations, and is a trustworthy steward for open source designs and tools.</p></div></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>How does lowRISC fund its activities?</h2></div><div class=col><p>lowRISC is sustainable thanks to a business model where partners contribute engineering effort and funding, ideally as part of a multi-year commitment, often targeted at particular projects. This is further supported by work-for-hire where this directly contributes to the development of strategic open source technologies and best practices.</p><p>Surplus resource is used to support lowRISC’s wider aims and community. We also receive support from grants, donations and consultancy.</p></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>Bigger than the sum of our parts</h2></div><div class=col><p>Our model and approach allows us to have significant impact, regardless of our team size. We work with engineering teams at other companies, researchers, and the wider community to accelerate our projects.</p></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading>History</h2><div class=lead><p>lowRISC emerged from the <a href=https://www.cam.ac.uk>University of Cambridge</a> <a href=https://www.cst.cam.ac.uk>Computer Lab</a>, where our early work was supported by a private donation and a grant from Google.</p><p>Since 2018 we have focussed on collaborative engineering on active open source silicon projects with multiple partners, and on supporting and stewarding open source compiler infrastructure and tools.</p><p>We still work closely with the University of Cambridge, as well as other academic and corporate partners, and the wider open source community.</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="view of the Cambridge Computer Lab building" title="view of the Cambridge Computer Lab building" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>lowRISC C.I.C. Incorporation information</h2><div class=lead><p>lowRISC Community Interest Company is a not-for-profit, private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales with Company number 09272283 and VAT number 327025232.</p><p>Registered office address: 7 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GE, UK</p></div></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>Contact us</h2><div class=lead><p>You can contact lowRISC at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a> or +44 1223 852454.</p><p>Please send any post to:</p><p>lowRISC CIC<br>7 Hills Road<br>Cambridge<br>CB2 1GE<br>United Kingdom</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><iframe width=100% height=350 frameborder=0 scrolling=no marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 src="https://www.openstreetmap.org/export/embed.html?bbox=0.12647688388824466%2C52.19757261842705%2C0.13095617294311526%2C52.19923635031468&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=52.19840449215566%2C0.12871652841567993" style="border:1px solid #000"></iframe><br><small><a style=color:#000 href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=52.19840&amp;mlon=0.12872#map=19/52.19840/0.12872&amp;layers=N">View larger map</a></small></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>About lowRISC</h1><section class=lead><div class=col><p class=font-weight-bold>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company using collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools, through a unique combination of skills, expertise and vision.</p><p>We provide a home for multi-partner projects that deliver verified, high quality IP and tools, which provide the solid foundations that are necessary for the rapid development cycles required for next generation silicon products. lowRISC employs an engineering team in Cambridge, UK, working on our own developments, partner projects, and work-for-hire that is aligned with our mission.</p></div></section><section style=padding-top:20px><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading>lowRISC Team</h2><div class=lead><p>The lowRISC team is based in Cambridge, UK. We have a talented engineering team with diverse experience in industry, open source, and research and development.</p><p>Engineers at lowRISC include hardware, software and full stack specialists, with skills including processor and SoC design, hardware security, design verification, RISC-V tools, and the LLVM compiler.</p><p>Ongoing work at the <a href=https://www.cst.cam.ac.uk>University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory</a> explores ideas for Linux-capable 64-bit systems.</p><p>We are also grateful to our collaborators elsewhere in the community, as well as the undergraduates, graduate students, and interns who have contributed.</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cambridge-backs_hu770ee791a6a04c2cccfd4c680aaa34c7_1344290_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="King's college Cambridge viewed from the backs" title="King's college Cambridge viewed from the backs" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><section><div class=col-md-3><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>lowRISC CIC Board of Directors</h2></div><div class=col><p>The lowRISC Community Interest Company board consists of:</p><ul><li>Prof. Sir Andy Hopper, CBE FRS FIET FREng (Independent Chair, Treasurer and Vice President of the Royal Society)</li><li>Will Drewry (Google)</li><li>Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert (TUM)</li><li>Dr. Gavin Ferris (CEO, lowRISC)</li><li>Prof. Robert Mullins (University of Cambridge)</li><li>Cyrus Stoller (Google)</li></ul></div></section><section><div class=col-md-3><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>lowRISC values</h2></div><div class=col><p><strong>lowRISC is different.</strong> Here are some of the things that distinguish us in the open hardware world, and which drive and shape our work:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Durable technology.</strong> lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></li><li><p><strong>Open source.</strong> Our work is open and permissively licensed, moving the whole industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools.</p></li><li><p><strong>Technical excellence.</strong> High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology.</p></li><li><p><strong>Collaborative engineering.</strong> We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pragmatic.</strong> We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale.</p></li></ul></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col-md-5><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2_hu3cb853909248336fcd0fce76e52edaf5_170085_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt=ecosystem title=ecosystem class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading><span class=text-muted>Part of the</span> open ecosystem.</h2><div class=lead><p>The open source hardware ecosystem includes organisations working in many different ways, and working together to drive adoption of open source silicon. New relationships and partnerships are developing all the time.</p><p>lowRISC is a <a href=https://riscv.org/membership/founding-members/>Founding member</a> of <a href=https://riscv.org/>the RISC-V Foundation</a>.</p><p>lowRISC staff are actively engaged in numerous key community initiatives and are frequent speakers at events such as the RISC-V Workshops, ORConf, and LLVM Developers’ Meetings.</p></div></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2>lowRISC C.I.C.</h2><p class=lead>lowRISC Community Interest Company is a not-for-profit, private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales with Company number 09272283.</p></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>What is a CIC?</h2></div><div class=col><p>A community interest company (CIC) is a type of company, designed for social enterprises that want to use their profits and assets for the public good. CICs have all the flexibility and certainty of a regular company, but with special features to ensure they are working for the benefit of the community. A social enterprise is a business with “for-good” objectives whose surpluses are reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community. (Find out more about CICs on the gov.uk site.) lowRISC C.I.C. does not have shares, so we don’t pay dividends, and any surpluses are reinvested in our work.</p><p>While permissive licensing is used for hardware and software design artefacts, it remains necessary to protect trademarks, and certification has a key role to play. This is where lowRISC as a vendor neutral not-for-profit provides an independent home for holding intellectual property rights, and either directly operating, or specifying and overseeing the operation of certification programmes.</p><p>As a not-for-profit company, lowRISC can act as a neutral home for projects and multi-party corporate collaborations, and is a trustworthy steward for open source designs and tools.</p></div></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>How does lowRISC fund its activities?</h2></div><div class=col><p>lowRISC is sustainable thanks to a business model where partners contribute engineering effort and funding, ideally as part of a multi-year commitment, often targeted at particular projects. This is further supported by work-for-hire where this directly contributes to the development of strategic open source technologies and best practices.</p><p>Surplus resource is used to support lowRISC’s wider aims and community. We also receive support from grants, donations and consultancy.</p></section><section><div class=col-md-2><h2 class=lr-sectionheader-left>Bigger than the sum of our parts</h2></div><div class=col><p>Our model and approach allows us to have significant impact, regardless of our team size. We work with engineering teams at other companies, researchers, and the wider community to accelerate our projects.</p></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col-md-7><h2 class=featurette-heading>History</h2><div class=lead><p>lowRISC emerged from the <a href=https://www.cam.ac.uk>University of Cambridge</a> <a href=https://www.cst.cam.ac.uk>Computer Lab</a>, where our early work was supported by a private donation and a grant from Google.</p><p>Since 2018 we have focussed on collaborative engineering on active open source silicon projects with multiple partners, and on supporting and stewarding open source compiler infrastructure and tools.</p><p>We still work closely with the University of Cambridge, as well as other academic and corporate partners, and the wider open source community.</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/cst_hu1673311c50a1f5286dec33f90c329d41_666373_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="view of the Cambridge Computer Lab building" title="view of the Cambridge Computer Lab building" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>lowRISC C.I.C. Incorporation information</h2><div class=lead><p>lowRISC Community Interest Company is a not-for-profit, private company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales with Company number 09272283 and VAT number 327025232.</p><p>Registered office address: 7 Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GE, UK</p></div></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>Contact us</h2><div class=lead><p>You can contact lowRISC at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a> or +44 1223 852454.</p><p>Please send any post to:</p><p>lowRISC CIC<br>7 Hills Road<br>Cambridge<br>CB2 1GE<br>United Kingdom</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><iframe width=100% height=350 frameborder=0 scrolling=no marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 src="https://www.openstreetmap.org/export/embed.html?bbox=0.12647688388824466%2C52.19757261842705%2C0.13095617294311526%2C52.19923635031468&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=52.19840449215566%2C0.12871652841567993" style="border:1px solid #000"></iframe><br><small><a style=color:#000 href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=52.19840&amp;mlon=0.12872#map=19/52.19840/0.12872&amp;layers=N">View larger map</a></small></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html b/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html
index e625917f..4f56a8fc 100644
--- a/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html
+++ b/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html
@@ -1,31 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC tagged memory preview release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>April 13, 2015</time></address><p>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>first lowRISC preview release</a>, demonstrating support for tagged memory as
-described in <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>our memo</a>. Our ambition with lowRISC is to provide an open-source System-on-Chip
-platform for others to build on, along with low-cost development boards
-featuring a reference implementation. Although there&rsquo;s more work to be done on
-the tagged memory implementation, now seemed a good time to document what
-we&rsquo;ve done in order for the wider community to take a look. Please see our
-<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>full tutorial</a> which describes in some
-detail the changes we&rsquo;ve made to the Berkeley <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket>Rocket
-core</a>, as well as how you can build and try
-it out for yourself (either in simulation, or on an FPGA). We&rsquo;ve gone to some
-effort to produce this documentation, both to document our work, and to share
-our experiences building upon the Berkeley RISC-V code releases in the hopes
-they&rsquo;ll be useful to other groups.</p><p>The initial motivation for tagged memory was to prevent control-flow hijacking
-attacks, though there are a range of other potential uses including
-fine-grained memory synchronisation, garbage collection, and debug tools.<br>Please note that the instructions used to manipulate tagged memory in this
-release (<code>ltag</code> and <code>stag</code>) are only temporary and chosen simply because they
-require minimal changes to the core pipeline. Future work will include
-exploring better ISA support, collecting performance numbers across a range of
-tagged memory uses and tuning the tag cache. We are also working on developing
-an &lsquo;untethered&rsquo; version of the SoC with the necessary peripherals integrated
-for standalone operation.</p><p>If you&rsquo;ve visited lowrisc.org before, you&rsquo;ll have noticed we&rsquo;ve changed a few
-things around. Keep an eye on this blog (and its <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml>RSS
-feed</a>) to keep an eye on developments - we
-expect to be updating at least every couple of weeks. We&rsquo;re very grateful to
-the RISC-V team at Berkeley for all their support and guidance. A large
-portion of the credit for this initial code release goes to <a href=http://wsong83.github.io/>Wei
-Song</a>, who&rsquo;s been working tirelessly on the HDL
-implementation.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/index.html b/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/index.html
index 6347002a..a7aa87b6 100644
--- a/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/index.html
+++ b/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/index.html
@@ -1,84 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Summer of Code students for lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 13, 2015</time></address><p>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this
-year&rsquo;s <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/soc/>Google Summer of
-Code</a>. The Google Summer of
-Code program funds students to work on open source projects over the summer.
-We had 52 applications across the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/>range of project
-ideas</a> we&rsquo;ve been advertising.
-As you can see from the range of project ideas, lowRISC is taking part as an
-umbrella organisation, working with a number of our friends in the wider open
-source software and hardware community.
-We were allocated three slots from Google, and given the volume of high
-quality applications making the selection was tremendously difficult. We have
-actually been able to fund an additional three applicants from other sources,
-but even then there were many promising projects we couldn&rsquo;t support. We are
-extremely grateful to all the students who put so much time and effort in to
-their proposals, and to everyone who volunteered to mentor. The six &lsquo;summer of
-code&rsquo; projects for lowRISC are:</p><ul><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/asy/5757334940811264>An online Verilog IDE based on
-YosysJS</a>.
-Baptiste Duprat mentored by Clifford Wolf</p><ul><li>Baptiste will be working with an Emscripten-compiled version of
-the <a href=http://www.clifford.at/yosys/>Yosys</a> logic synthesis tool, building an
-online Verilog IDE on top
-of it which would be particularly suitable for training and teaching
-materials. A big chunk of the proposed work is related to visualisation of the
-generated logic. Improving the accessibility of hardware design is essential for
-growing the potential contributor base to open source hardware
-projects like lowRISC, and this is just the start of our efforts in that
-space.</li></ul></li><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/hesham/5868011953061888>Porting seL4 to
-RISC-V</a>.
-Hesham ALMatary mentored by Stefan Wallentowitz</p><ul><li><a href=https://sel4.systems/>seL4</a> is a formally verified microkernel, which
-currently has ports
-for x86 and ARM. Hesham will be performing a complete port to
-RISC-V/lowRISC. Security and microkernels are of great interest to
-many in the community. It&rsquo;s also a good opportunity to expand RISC-V platform
-support and to put the recently released <a href=https://blog.riscv.org/2015/05/risc-v-draft-privileged-architecture-version-1-7-released/>RISC-V Privileged Architecture
-Specification</a>
-through its paces. Hesham previously performed a port of RTEMS to
-OpenRISC.</li></ul></li><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/prannoy1994/5651442522128384>Porting jor1k to
-RISC-V</a>.
-Prannoy Pilligundla mentored by Sebastian Macke</p><ul><li><a href=https://s-macke.github.io/jor1k/>jor1k</a> is by far the
-<a href=https://github.com/s-macke/jor1k/wiki/Benchmark-with-other-emulators>fastest</a>
-Javascript-based full system
-simulator. It also features a network device, filesystem support, and
-a framebuffer. Prannoy will be adding support for RISC-V and look at
-supporting some of the features we offer on lowRISC such as <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>minion
-cores or tagged
-memory</a>.
-This will be great not only as a demo, but
-also have practical uses in tutorial or educational material.</li></ul></li><li><p>TCP offload to minion cores using rump kernels. Sebastian Wicki
-mentored by Justin Cormack</p><ul><li>The intention here is to get a <a href=http://rumpkernel.org/>rump kernel</a>
-(essentially a libified
-NetBSD) running bare-metal on a simple RISC-V system and evaluate
-exposing the TCP/IP stack for use by other cores. e.g. a TCP/IP
-offload engine running on a minion core. TCP offload is a good
-starting point, but of course the same concept could be applied
-elsewhere. For example, running a USB mass storage driver (and filesystem
-implementation) on a minion core and providing a simple high-level
-interface to the application cores.</li></ul></li><li><p>Extend Tavor to support directed generation of assembly test cases.
-Yoann Blein mentored by Markus Zimmermann</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/zimmski/tavor>Tavor</a> is a sophisticated fuzzing tool
-implemented in Go. Yoann
-will be extending it to more readily support specifying instruction
-set features and generating a fuzzing suite targeting an ISA such as
-RISC-V. Yoann has some really interesting ideas on how to go about
-this, so I&rsquo;m really interested in seeing where this on ends up.</li></ul></li><li><p>Implement a Wishbone to TileLink bridge and extend TileLink
-documentation. Thomas Repetti mentored by Wei Song</p><ul><li><a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishbone_%28computer_bus%29>Wishbone</a> is the
-interconnect of choice for most existing open
-source IP cores, including most devices on
-<a href=http://opencores.org/>opencores.org</a>. The Berkeley
-<a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>Rocket</a> RISC-V implementation uses
-their own &lsquo;TileLink&rsquo; protocol (we provide a <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-chip/>brief
-overview</a>. By providing a
-reusable bridge, this project will allow the easy reuse of opencores devices
-and leverage the many man-years of effort that has already gone in to them.</li></ul></li></ul><p>The first 3 of the above projects are part of Google Summer of Code
-and the bottom 3 directly funded, operating over roughly the same timeline.
-We&rsquo;re also going to be having two local
-students interning with us here at the University of Cambridge
-Computer Lab starting towards the end of June, so it&rsquo;s going to be a
-busy and productive summer. It bears repeating just how much we appreciate the
-support of everyone involved so far - Google through their Summer of Code
-initiative, the students, and those who&rsquo;ve offered to act as mentors. We&rsquo;re
-very excited about these projects, so please join us in welcoming the students
-involved to our community. If you have any questions, suggestions, or guidance
-please do leave them in the comments.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 29, 2015</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/>second RISC-V workshop</a> is going
-on today and tomorrow in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live
-blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=introductions-and-welcome-krste-asanović:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>The beginning of Krste&rsquo;s talk will be familiar for anyone who&rsquo;s seen an
-introduction to RISC-V before. Pleasingly, there are a lot of new faces here
-at the workshop so the introduction of course makes a lot of sense.</li><li>Although the core RISC-V effort is focused on the ISA specification, there
-is interest in looking to expand this to look at how to standardise access to
-I/O etc.</li><li>RV32E is a &ldquo;pre-emptive strike&rdquo; at those who might be tempted to fragment
-the ISA space for very small cores. It is a 16-register subset of RV32I.</li><li>The compressed instruction set has been released since the last workshop,
-there will be talk later today about it. It gives 25-30% code size reduction,
-and surprisingly there&rsquo;s still lots of 16-bit encode space for additional
-extensions.</li><li>Krste makes the point that AArch64 has 8 addressing modes vs just 1 for
-RISC-V. The comparison of the size of the GCC/LLVM backends is perhaps less
-interesting given that the ARM backend actually has rather a lot more
-optimisations.</li><li>&ldquo;Simplicity breeds contempt&rdquo;. &ldquo;So far, no evidence more complex ISA is
-justified for general code&rdquo;</li><li>Will be talking about a Cray-style vector ISA extension later today (i.e.<br>not packed-SIMD ISA or GPU-style).</li><li>Rocket core is only about ~12kloc of Chisel in total. ~5kloc for the
-processor, ~2kloc for floating-point units, ~4.6kloc for &lsquo;uncore&rsquo; (coherence
-hubs, L2, caches etc).</li><li>State of the RISC-V Nation: many companies &lsquo;kicking the tires&rsquo;. If you were
-thinking of designing your own RISC ISA for project, then use RISC-V. If you
-need a complete working support core <em>today</em> then pay $M for an industry core.<br>If you need it in 6 months, then consider spending that $M on RISC-V
-development.</li><li>RISC-V Foundation is being formed, a 501&copy;(6), with Rick O&rsquo;Conner as
-Executive Director. The mission statement is &ldquo;to standardize, protect, and
-promote the free and open RISC-V instruction set architecture and its hardware
-and software ecosystem for use in all computing devices&rdquo;. Plan is to publicly
-announce before HotChips later this year and is actively recruiting companies
-who want to be &lsquo;founding&rsquo; members. You will need to be a member of the
-foundation in good standing to use the RISC-V trademark (unless you are a
-non-profit).</li></ul><h2 id=an-update-on-lowrisc-alex-bradbury:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>An update on lowRISC: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>Many thanks to the audience for all the questions. My slides are <a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/an-update-on-lowrisc>available
-here</a>.</li><li>Unfortunately the SHAKTI project team from India have been caught up in the
-malfunctioning US State Department computer systems and so haven&rsquo;t been able
-to get visas to give their talk</li></ul><h2 id=compressed-extension-proposal-david-patterson:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>Compressed Extension Proposal: David Patterson</h2><ul><li>Looked at existing compressed instruction sets, and tried to simplify things
-and throw away ideas that add complexity but provide little benefit.</li><li>Ended up with a specification that is pleasingly minimal, with each
-instruction decoding to a single RV32 instruction.</li><li>Keen on community feedback on additional RVC instructions. Identified a set
-of 24 that have little impact on current compiler-generated code, but could be
-useful for some use cases.</li><li>You can read the RVC spec
-<a href=https://riscv.org/specifications/compressed-isa/>here</a>.</li><li>Points out that Thumb2 is only a 32-bit address ISA. Although it is slightly
-smaller than RV32C, the RISC-V compressed spec has the benefit of supporting
-64-bit addressing.</li><li>Rather than adding the complexity of load multiple and store multiple,
-experimented with adding calls to a function that does the same thing. This
-hurts performance, but gives a large benefit for code size.</li><li>One question was on the power consumption impact. Don&rsquo;t have numbers on that<br>yet.</li><li>Should we require the compressed instruction set? Don&rsquo;t want to add it to
-the minimal &lsquo;I&rsquo; instruction set, but could add it to the standard expected by
-Linux.</li></ul><h2 id=goblincore64-a-risc-v-extension-for-data-intensive-computing-john-leidel:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>GoblinCore64. A RISC-V Extension for Data Intensive Computing: John Leidel</h2><ul><li>Building a processor design aimed at data intensive algorithms and
-applications. Applications tend to be very cache unfriendly.</li><li>GC64 (Goblin Core) has a thread control unit. A very small micro-coded unit
-(e.g. implement RV64C) is microcoded to perform the contest switching task.</li><li>Have added user-visible registers for thread id, thread context, task
-exception register etc etc.</li><li>The GKEY supervisor register contains a 64-bit key loaded by the kernel. It
-determines whether a task may spawn and execute work on neighboring task
-processors, providing a very rudimentary protection mechanism.</li><li>Making use of RV128I - it&rsquo;s not just there for fun!</li><li>Support various instruction extensions, e.g. IWAIT, SWPAWN, JOIN, GETTASK,
-SETTASK. Basic operations needed to write a thread management system (such as
-pthreads) implemented as microcoded instructions in the RISC-V ISA.</li><li>Also attempting to define the data structures which contain task queue data.</li><li>Currently looking at lowRISC-style minion cores to implement microcoded
-memory coalescing units.</li><li>Read the GC64 specification doc
-<a href=http://discl.cs.ttu.edu/gitlab/gc64/gc64-doc/tree/master>here</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanović:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>Goals: efficient and scalable to all reasonable design points. Be a good
-compiler target, and to support implicit auto-vectorisation through OpenMP and
-explicit SPMD (OpenCL) programming models. Want to work with virtualisation
-layers, and fit into the standard 32-bit encoding space.</li><li>Krste is critical of GPUs for general compute. I can summarise his arguments
-here, but the slides will be well worth a read. Krste has spent decades
-working on vector machines.</li><li>With packed SIMD you tend to need completely new instructions for wider
-SIMD. Traditional vector machines allow you to set the vector length register
-to provide a more uniform programming model. This makes loop strip-mining more
-straight-forward.</li><li>Add up to 32 vector data registers (v0-v31) in addition to the basic scalar
-x and f registers. Each vector register is at least 3 elements each, with
-variable bits per element. Also add 8 vector predicate registers, with 1-bit
-per element. Finally, add vector configuration and vector length CSR
-registers.</li><li>Other features<ul><li>Reconfigurable vector registers allow you to exchange unused architectural
-registers for longer vectors. e.g. if you only need 4 architectural vector
-registers you&rsquo;ll have a larger vector length.</li><li>Mixed-precision support</li><li>Intenger, fixed-point, floating-point arithmetic</li><li>Unit-stride, strided, indexed load/stores</li><li>Predication</li></ul></li><li>Mixed-precision support allows you to subdivide a physical register into
-multiple narrower architectural registers as requested.</li><li>Sam binary code works regardless of number of physical register bits and the
-number of physical lanes.</li><li>Use a polymorphic instruction encoding. e.g. a single signed integer ADD
-opcode that works on different size inputs and outputs.</li><li>Have separate integer and floating-point loads and stores, where the size is
-inherent in the destination register number.</li><li>All instructions are implicitly predicated under the first predicate
-register by default.</li><li>What is the difference between V and Hwacha? Hwacha is a non-standard
-Berkeley vector extensions design to push the state-of-the-art for
-in-order/decoupled vector machines. There are similarities in the lane
-microarchitecture. Current focus is bringing up OpenCL for Hwacha, with the V
-extension to follow.</li><li>Restartable page faults are supported. Similar to the DEC Vector VAX.</li><li>Krste pleads people not to implement a packed SIMD extension, pointing out
-that a minimal V implementation would be very space efficient.</li></ul><h2 id=privileged-architecture-proposal-andrew-waterman:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>Privileged Architecture Proposal: Andrew Waterman</h2><ul><li>Aims to provide a clean split between layers of the stack.</li><li>You can read the privileged spec
-<a href=https://riscv.org/specifications/privileged-isa/>here</a>.</li><li>Supports four privilege modes. User, Supervisor, Hypervisor and Machine
-mode.</li><li>For a simple embedded system that only needs M-mode there is a low
-implementation cost. Only 2^7 bits of architectural state in addition to the
-user ISA, plus 2^7 more bits for timers and another 2^7 for basic performance
-counters.</li><li>Defined the basic virtual memory architectures to support current Unix-style
-operating systems. The design is fairly conventional, using 4KiB pages.</li><li>Why go with 4KiB pages rather than 8KiB as was the initial plan? Concerned
-with porting software hard-coded to expect 4KiB pages. Also concerns about
-internal fragmentation.</li><li>Physical memory attributes such as cacheability are not encoded in the page
-table in RISC-V. Two major reasons that Andrew disagrees with this are that
-the granularity may not be tied to the page size, plus it is problematic for
-virtualisation. Potentially coherent DMA will become more common meaning you
-needn&rsquo;t worry about these attributes.</li><li>Want to support device interactions via a virtio-style interface.</li><li>The draft Supervisor Binary Interface will be released with the next
-privileged ISA draft. It includes common functionality for TLB shootdowns,
-reboot/shutdown, sending inter-processor interrupts etc etc. This is a similar
-idea to the PALCode on the Alpha.</li><li>Hardware-accelerated virtualization (H-mode) is planned, but not yet
-specified.</li><li>A draft version of v1.8 of the spec is expected this summer, with a frozen
-v2.0 targeted for the fall.</li></ul><h2 id=rapidio-the-unified-fabric-for-performance-critical-computing-rick-o-connor:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>RapidIO. The Unified Fabric for Performance-Critical Computing: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>There are more 10Gbps RapidIO ports on the planet than there are 10Gbps
-Ethernet ports. This is primarily due to the 100% market penetration in 4G/LTE
-and 60% global 3G.</li><li>The IIT Madras team are using RapidIO extensively for their RISC-V work</li><li>Has been doing work in the data center and HPC space. Looking to use the AXI
-ACE and connect that to RapidIO.</li><li>There is interesting work on an open source RapidIO stack.</li></ul><h2 id=cava-cluster-in-a-rack-peter-hsu:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231>CAVA. Cluster in a rack: Peter Hsu</h2><ul><li>Problem: designing a new computer is expensive. But 80% is the same every
-time.</li><li>CAVA is not the same as the Oracle RAPID project.</li><li>Would like to build a 1024-node cluster in a rack. DDR4 3200 = 25.6GB/s per
-64-bit channel. Each 1U card would be about 600W with 32 nodes.</li><li>Looking at a 96-core 10nm chip (scaled from a previous 350nm project).<br>Suppose you have a 3-issue out of order core (600K gates) and 32KiB I+d cache,
-that would be around 0.24mm^2 in 10nm.</li><li>Estimate a vector unit might be around the same area.</li><li>Peter has detailed estimates for per-chip power, but it&rsquo;s probably best to
-refer to the slides for these.</li><li>Research plan for the cluster involves a unified simulation environment,
-running on generic clusters of x86 using open-source software. Everyone uses
-the same simulator to perform &ldquo;apples to apples&rdquo; comparison. This allows easy
-replication of published work.</li><li>Simulation infrastructure will involve a pipeline siumlator, SoC simulator
-(uncore logic), and a network simulator.</li><li>Interested in applying Cray-style vectors to database workloads</li><li>Could also have the ability to make associativity ways and possible
-individual cache lines lockable.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,76 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 30, 2015</time></address><p>It&rsquo;s the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/>second RISC-V
-workshop</a> today in Berkeley,
-California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements
-throughout the day.</p><h2 id=z-scale-tiny-32-bit-risc-v-systems-yunsup-lee:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>Z-Scale is a family of tiny cores, similar in spirit to the ARM Cortex-M
-family. It integrates with the AHB-Lite interconnect.</li><li>Contrast to Rocket (in-order cores, 64-bit, 32-bit, dual-issue options), and
-BOOM (a family of out-of-order cores).</li><li>Z-Scale is a 32-bit 3-stage single-issue in-order pipeline executing the
-RV32IM ISA.</li><li>The instruction bus and data base are 32-bit AHB-Lite buses</li><li>There is a plan to publish a microarchitecture specification to make it easy
-for others to implement an equivalent design in the language of their choice.</li><li>The Zscale is slightly larger than the Cortex-M0 due to having 32 vs 16
-registers, 64-bit performance counters, and a fast multiply and divide. The
-plan is to add an option to generate a Zscale implementing RV32E (i.e. only
-having 16 registers).</li><li>Zscale is only 604 loc in Chisel. 274 lines for control, 267 for the
-datapath, and 63 for the top-level. Combine with 983loc borrowed from Rocket.</li><li>A Verilog implementation of Z-scale is being implemented. It&rsquo;s currently
-1215 lines of code.</li><li>The repo is <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/zscale>here</a>, but Yunsup needs to
-do a little more work to make it easily buildable. There will be a blog post
-on the RISC-V site soon.</li><li>All future Rocket development will move to the public
-<a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>rocket-chip</a> repo!</li><li>Memory interfaces:<ul><li>TileLink is the Berkeley cache-coherent interconnect</li><li>NASTI (Berkeley implementation of AXI4)</li><li>HASTI (implementation of AHB-lite)</li><li>POCI (implementation of APB)</li></ul></li><li>The plan is to dump HTIF in Rocket, and add a standard JTAG debug interface.</li><li>Future work for Z-Scale includes a microarchitecture document, improving
-performance, implementing the C extensions, adding an MMU option, and adding
-more devices.</li></ul><h2 id=boom-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-chris-celio:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>BOOM. Berkeley Out-of-order-Machine: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>BOOM is a (work in progress) superscalar, out-of-order RISC-V processor
-written in Chisel.</li><li>Chris argues there&rsquo;s been a general lack of effort in academia to build and
-evaluate out-of-order designs. As he points out, much research relies on
-software simulators with no area or power numbers.</li><li>Some of the difficult questions for BOOM are which benchmarks to use, and
-how many cycles you need to run. He points out that mapping to FPGA running at
-50MHz, it would take around a day for the SPEC benchmarks for a cluster of
-FPGAs.</li><li>The fact that rs1, rs2, rs3 and rd are always in the same space in the
-RISC-V ISA allows decode and rename to proceed in parallel.</li><li>BOOM supports the full RV64G standard. It benefits from reusing Rocket as a
-library of components.</li><li>BOOM uses explicit renaming, with a unified register file holding both
-x-regs and f-regs (floating point). A unified issue window holds all
-instructions.</li><li>BOOM is synthesisable and hits 2GHz (30 FO4) in TSMC 45nm.</li><li>BOOM is 9kloc of its own code, and pulls in 11.5kloc from other libraries
-(rocket, uncore, floating poing)</li><li>BOOM compares well to an ARM Cortex-A9 and A15 in terms of CoreMark/MHz. A
-4-wide BOOM gives a similar CoreMark/MHz to the A15.</li><li>Future work will look at new applications, a ROCC interface, new
-microarchitecture designs. The plan is to open source by this winter.</li></ul><h2 id=fabscalar-risc-v-rangeen-basu-roy-chowdhury:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Fabscalar RISC-V: Rangeen Basu Roy Chowdhury</h2><ul><li>A FabScalar RISC-V version should be released in the next few days</li><li>FabScalar generates synthesisable RTL for arbitrary superscalar cores with a
-canonical superscalar template.</li><li>FabScalar uses a library of pipeline stages, providing many different
-designs for each canonical pipeline stage.</li><li>Two chips have been built with FabScalar so far (using PISA).</li><li>The RISC-V port was built on the previous PIA &lsquo;Superset Core&rsquo;. This had
-64-bit instructions and 32-bit address and data.</li><li>For RISC-V FabScalar they have a unified physical register file and unified
-issue queue for floating point (so the FP ALU is treated like just another
-functional unit).</li><li>FabScalar RISC-V will be released as an open source tool complete with
-uncore components and verification infrastructure. It will be available on
-GitHub in the fall.</li><li>The license isn&rsquo;t yet decided, but there&rsquo;s a good chance it will be BSD.</li></ul><h2 id=aristotle-a-logically-determined-clockless-risc-v-rv32i-matthew-kim:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Aristotle. A Logically Determined (Clockless) RISC-V RV32I: Matthew Kim</h2><ul><li>Two logical values are defined. Data and null (not data). Then define
-threshold operators to produce &lsquo;null convention logic&rsquo;.</li><li>See <a href=https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~scott/papers/NCL2.pdf>here</a> for more on
-Null Convention Logic</li><li>This results in a system built entirely of combinational logic. I couldn&rsquo;t
-hope to accurately summarise the work here. I&rsquo;m afraid you might be best off
-waiting for the recording.</li><li>Current executing compiled quicksort at approximately 400mips (without
-serious optimisation).</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-erification-prashanth-mundkur:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>RISC-V(erification): Prashanth Mundkur</h2><ul><li>Current architectures e.g. those from Intel and ARM have large errata sheets
-published semi-regularly. Can we do better for RISC-V?</li><li>Need an unambiguous formal ISA specification which should be coupled to a
-processor implementation amenable to the two, with a formal link between the
-two.</li><li>Currently specifying RISC-V in the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~acjf3/l3/>L3
-DSL</a>. The interpreter is used as a
-reference oracle for processor implementations.</li><li>The current state of the spec is <a href=https://github.com/pmundkur/l3riscv>available on
-Github</a>.</li><li>The work has already helped to highlight some areas where clarification is
-needed in the written specification</li><li>Next steps would involve support for the compressed instruction set and
-floating point, booting Linux, and using for tandem-verification (e.g. with
-Flue from Bluespec).</li><li>Hope to export usable HOL4 formal definitions, and use that to prove
-information properties (e.g. non-interference and information flow in
-low-level privileged code).</li><li>The talk is now moving to the second half, where Prashanth is presenting
-Nirav Dave&rsquo;s work</li><li>This work is looking at rapidly verifying architectural and
-micro-architectural variants of RISC-V. Rely on translating between
-microarchitectural-states and ISA-level states.</li></ul><h2 id=towards-general-purpose-tagged-memory-wei-song:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Towards General-Purpose Tagged Memory: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Wei Song is presenting his <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>work on tagged memory support in
-lowRISC</a>.
-I&rsquo;ll post the slides shortly.</li></ul><h2 id=raven3-a-28nm-risc-v-vector-processor-with-on-chip-dc-dc-convertors-brian-zimmer:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Raven3, a 28nm RISC-V Vector Processor with On-Chip DC/DC Convertors: Brian Zimmer</h2><ul><li>Support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling on-chip with no off-chip
-components.</li><li>Want to switch all converters simultaneously to avoid charge sharing. The
-clock frequency adapts to track the voltage ripple.</li><li>Raven has a RISC-V scalar core, vector accelerator. 16KB scalar instruction
-cache, 32KB shared data cache, and 8KB instruction cache. This has a 1.19mm^2
-area.</li><li>The converter area is 0.19mm^2</li><li>The chip was wire-bonded on to a daughter-board, which was then connected to
-a larger motherboard connected to a Zedboard</li><li>Converter transitions are less than 20ns, which allows extremely
-fine-grained DVFS.</li><li>Raven3 showed 80% efficiency across a wide voltage range and achieved
-26GFLOPS/W using the on-chip conversion.</li></ul><h2 id=evaluating-risc-v-cores-for-pulp-an-open-parallel-ultra-low-power-platform-sven-stucki:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0>Evaluating RISC-V Cores for PULP. An Open Parallel Ultra-Low-Power Platform : Sven Stucki</h2><ul><li>Approximately 40 people working on PULP in some way</li><li>Ultimate (ambitious) goal is one 1GOPS/mW (or 1pJ/op). Also hope to achieve
-energy proportionality.</li><li>Plan is to be open source on GitHub</li><li>PULP has been silicon-proven in 28nm, 65nm, 130nm and 180nm. The team have
-tape-outs planned through to 2016.</li><li>Sven has replaced the OpenRISC frontend with a RISC-V decoder, hoping to
-take advantage of the more active community and compressed instruction set
-support.</li><li>PULP is a simple 4-stage design supporting RV32IC as well as the mul
-instruction from the M extension.</li><li>Synthesising for UMC65, they see 22kilo-gate equivalent per core</li><li>The OR10N core was a new OpenRISC implementation with support for hardware
-loops, pre/postincrement memory access and vector instructions.</li><li>Heading for a GlobalFoundries 28nm tapeout in Q4 2015</li><li>See more on PULP <a href=http://iis-projects.ee.ethz.ch/index.php/PULP>at the
-website</a>.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/index.html b/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/index.html
index 48a20121..1ae9fa2b 100644
--- a/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/index.html
+++ b/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/index.html
@@ -1,22 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at ORConf 2015 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>August 16, 2015</time></address><p>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf
-2015</a>. The event is kindly being hosted by CERN at
-the <a href=http://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/ideasquare/about>IdeaSquare</a>.
-Last year&rsquo;s ORConf was home to the first public talk on lowRISC and we&rsquo;re
-delighted this year it will also be hosting a
-series of lowRISC and RISC-V discussions, serving as a European lowRISC and
-RISC-V workshop. ORConf has in recent years grown to cover a range of open
-source hardware topics beyond the original OpenRISC focus. Expect
-presentations and discussion on free and open source IP projects,
-implementations on FPGA and in silicon, verification, EDA tools, licensing and
-embedded software, to name a few.</p><p>The event will run from 13:00 until 18:30 on Friday, 09:30 until 19:30 on
-Saturday, and from 09:30 until 15:30 on Sunday. Friday will consist primarily
-of breakout sessions, planning, and discussion regarding lowRISC. If you are
-already contributing or your are thinking of getting involved and want to
-learn more, you are very welcome to join us. If you would like to present,
-do submit a proposal either via the link at the <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf
-website</a> or to me at asb@lowrisc.org. We hope to
-see many of you there - please <a href=http://goo.gl/forms/KRZux8vnyO>register
-here</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/index.html b/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/index.html
index db90b127..efffdd3c 100644
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@@ -1,34 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Untethered lowRISC release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Untethered lowRISC release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 18, 2015</time></address><p>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or
-&lsquo;untethered&rsquo; SoC. Cores in the original <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>Rocket
-chip</a> rely on communicating with a
-companion processor via the host-target interface (HTIF) to access peripherals
-and I/O. This release removes this requirement, adding an I/O bus and
-instantiating FPGA peripherals. The accompanying <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/>tutorial</a>, written by Wei Song, describes how to
-build this code release and explains the underlying structural changes. We
-support both the <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-k7-kc705-g.html>Xilinx
-KC705</a> and
-the lower-priced <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-4-ddr-artix-7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum/>Nexys4
-DDR</a>
-development boards. We would gladly welcome assistance in supporting other
-boards.</p><p>Please note that the codebase temporarily lacks support for tagged memory
-included in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>previous release</a>. We plan to re-integrate tagged memory support
-with additional optimisations early next year. You can find a detailed list of
-changes in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/release/>release notes</a>.
-One highlight is support for <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>RTL simulation using the open-source Verilator
-tool</a>.</p><p>This development milestone should make it easier for others to contribute. If
-you&rsquo;re looking to get stuck in, you might want to consider looking at tasks
-such as:</p><ul><li>Cleaning up the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-linux>RISC-V Linux port</a>,
-improving devicetree support and removing the host-target interface.</li><li>Replacing use of proprietary peripheral IP with open-source IP cores.</li><li>Adding support for different FPGA development boards, including Altera
-boards.</li><li>Implementing the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-852.pdf>BERI Programmable Interrupt
-Controller</a> (p73), and
-adding necessary Linux support.</li></ul><p>Our next development priorities are the re-integration of tagged memory
-support and an initial integration of a minion core design. We also expect to
-put out a job advert in the next few weeks for a new member of the lowRISC
-development team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.
-Interested applicants are encouraged to make informal enquiries about the post
-to Rob Mullins <a href=mailto:Robert.Mullins@cl.cam.ac.uk>Robert.Mullins@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>.</p><p>We hope to see many of you at the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>3rd RISC-V
-Workshop</a> in January, where Wei Song
-and Alex Bradbury will be presenting about lowRISC.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/"></head></html>
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@@ -1,146 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 5, 2016</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>third RISC-V workshop</a> is going
-on today and tomorrow at the Oracle Conference Center, California. I&rsquo;ll be
-keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
-<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two>here</a> for
-notes from the second day.</p><h2 id=introductions-and-risc-v-foundation-overview-rick-o-connor:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Save the date, the 4th RISC-V workshop will be July 12th-13th at the MIT
-CSAIL/Stata Center.</li><li>In August 2015, articles of incorporation were filed to create a non-profit
-RISC-V Foundation to govern the ISA.</li><li>RISC-V Foundation mission statement: The RISC-V Foundation is a non-profit
-consortium chartered to standardize, protect, and promote the free and open
-RISC-V instruction set architecture together with its hardware and software
-ecosystem for use in all computing devices.</li><li>The RISC-V ISA and related standards shall remain open and license-free to
-all parties.</li><li>The compatibility test suites shall always be publicly available as a source
-code download.</li><li>To protect the standard, only members (with commercial RISC-V products) of
-the Foundation in good standing can use &ldquo;RISC-V&rdquo; and associated trademarks,
-and only for devices that pass the tests in the open-source compatibility
-suites maintained by the Foundation.</li><li>Drafting a new license for the ISA &lsquo;combining the best of BSD, GPL and so
-on&rsquo;.</li><li>The Foundation will have a board of 7 directors elected by the members. All
-members of committees must be members of the RISC-V Foundation.</li><li>All details of the foundation are a work in progress. Feedback is welcome!</li><li>16 member companies so far. Bluespec, Draper, Google, Hewlett Packard Labs,
-Microsemi, Oracle, SiFive, antmicro, codasip, Gray Research, Lattice
-Semiconductor, lowRISC, ROA logic, Rumble Development, Syntacore, Technolution</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-updates-krste-asanovic:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>RISC-V Updates: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>The 1.9 version of the compressed extension is on track to become frozen and
-become blessed as v2.0. Now is the time to speak up if you have any feedback
-or concerns!</li><li>Privileged architecture 1.7 was released in May 2015 and has received a lot
-of feedback. Hope to release an updated draft addressing feedback in the next
-month or two. Doubt it will really settle down before the summer, as it needs
-more OS and driver development against it.</li><li>&lsquo;V&rsquo; Vector Extension: not yet ready to release a draft for this workshop,
-but the RTL of the HWacha vector coprocessor has been open-sourced along with
-3 tech-reports.</li><li>Hwacha is NOT the V extensions. It&rsquo;s a research project designed to push the
-limits of in-order decoupled data-parallel accelerators (e.g. GPUs). The
-microarchitecture does demonstrate some of the ideas that will appear in V.</li><li>Ongoing ISA research at UCB: virtual local store (VLS, Henry Cook&rsquo;s 2009
-master&rsquo;s thesis) and user-level DMA (copying data between DRAM and VLS
-directly).</li><li>New Berkeley open-source cores: BOOM out-of-order implementation and V-Scale
-(verilog implementation of Z-Scale).</li><li>RISC-V is being transitioned out of Berkeley. This involves upstreaming of
-tools and the RISC-V Foundation taking over the standards process.</li><li>SiFive has been founded by some of the lead RISC-V developers (Krste
-Asanovic, Yunsup Lee, Andrew Waterman). Sutter Hill Ventures have invested.</li><li>Most urgent outstanding issues: holes and ambiguities in the specification
-and the platform specification.</li><li>Holes in the spec: floating-point NaNs (resolved and updated), CSR
-read/write semantics (resolved, updated spec), memory model (far from
-resolved), Hypervisor support (no proposal). A formal spec of the whole ISA
-and memory model is desired.</li><li>Although RISC-V was designed in reusable layers, some concrete standards for
-hardware platforms are desirable e.g. memory maps, interrupt controller, power
-management. To what extent can platform specs be shared across
-microcontroller-class, application cores, and rack-scale designs?</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-external-debug-aka-jtag-debugging-tim-newsome:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>RISC-V External Debug (aka JTAG debugging): Tim Newsome</h2><ul><li>Goals: a debug system that works for everybody with a working system done by
-July 1st 2016.</li><li>The specification will be submitted to the RISC-V Foundation and there are
-plans for an open source release of the debugger and implementations for
-Rocket and Z-Scale.</li><li>Status: the specification is mostly complete.</li><li>Features: (many, see the slides). Interested in tracing core execution to on
-or off-chip RAM and providing a framework to debug any component on the
-system, not just the RISC-V cores.</li><li>The debug transport module provides access to the system bus. It implements
-a message queue and optional authentication.</li><li>New CSRs will be added and exposed on the system bus.</li><li>The spec describes a small amount of debug memory (1KiB ROM) and 8-16 bytes
-of RAM. This memory is not cached and is shared between all cores.</li><li>Up to 4095 hardware breakpoints supported (but 4 is more typical). Each may
-support exact address match, address range match, exact data match, data range
-match, &hellip;</li><li>The work-in-progress spec will be posted to the hw-dev RISC-V mailing list
-later today. Comments very welcome.</li><li>Question: how does this map to gdb&rsquo;s capabilities? Are there things it can
-do but gdb can&rsquo;t or vice-versa? It&rsquo;s not a 1:1 match but should be a superset
-of what gdb can do.</li><li>Question: how does the tracing scale? Hasn&rsquo;t be investigated yet.</li><li>Question: will support be integrated into the BOOM codebase? Answer: not
-currently planned.</li><li>Question: there&rsquo;s a wide spectrum of functionality that different
-implementations could implement. Is there a discovery mechanism for the
-functionality that is supported? Yes.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-in-axiom-michael-gielda:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>RISC-V in Axiom: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Axiom is a fully open source 4K film camera design. It is an EU Horizon 2020
-project with multiple partners.</li><li>Aim of Axiom is to create an extensible open source platform that is also a
-desirable project in itself. The aim is to open up what is currently a fairly
-closed industry and lower barriers of entry to new players. There is an
-obvious parallel to the RISC-V and lowRISC projects.</li><li>Chose the largest Zynq FPGA that had zero-cost tool support to maximise the
-number of people who can hack on the design.</li><li>Using the Z-Scale as a soft-core for communication between the FPGA
-pre-processing board (Kintex-7) and the FPGA SoC main board with a dual-core
-Cortex-A9 (Zynq 7030).</li><li>Long-term goals are to ensure the design can be reused through
-parameterisation, and look at broadening adoption of the Chisel design
-methodology.</li><li>The Axiom Gamma project is almost half-way done. There will be an EU
-technical review in March at which point it should be working.</li></ul><h2 id=emulating-future-hpc-soc-architectures-using-risc-v-farzad-fatollahi-fard:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>Emulating future HPC SoC architectures using RISC-V: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2><ul><li>Should HPC take inspiration from the embedded market?</li><li>Is building an SoC for HPC a good idea? HPC is power limited
-(performance/Watt) which arguably means HPC and embedded requirements are
-aligned.</li><li>From a previous project case study (Green Wave), they found an embedded SoC
-design was performance/power competitive with Fermi. This had a 12x12 2D
-on-chip torus network with 676 compute cores, 33 supervisor cores, 1 PCI
-express interface, 8 Hybrid Memory Cube interfaces, &hellip;</li><li>Proposed an FPGA-implemented SoC for HPC. This contains 4 Z-scale processors
-with a 2x2 concentrated mesh with 2 virtual channels. The Z-Scale was chosen
-for area-efficiency on FPGA.</li><li>The network is implemented using the <a href=https://github.com/LBL-CoDEx/OpenSoCFabric>OpenSoC
-fabric</a> (open source and in
-chisel). AHB endpoints have now beed added and AXI is in-development.</li><li>A 96-core system was constructed using multiple FPGAs.</li><li>For more info, see <a href=http://www.codexhpc.org/>CoDEx HPC</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=grvi-phalanx-a-massively-parallel-risc-v-fpga-accelerator-jan-gray:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>GRVI Phalanx. A massively parallel RISC-V FPGA accelerator: Jan Gray</h2><ul><li>GRVI is pronounced &lsquo;groovy&rsquo;.</li><li>There&rsquo;s lots of interest in FPGA accelerators right now (Altera acquisition,
-MSR&rsquo;s catapult).</li><li>FPGAs are an interesting platform. Massively parallel. Specialized.
-Connected. High throughput. Low latency. The big barrier is of course porting
-your software. Jan argues OpenCL for FPGAs is a major breakthrough for this
-problem, if you&rsquo;re lucky enough to have an application that can be expressed
-in OpenCL.</li><li>Phalanx is an accelerator accelerator - an infrastructure making it easier
-to run you application on an FPGA and connect everything together. It is
-composed of processor+accelerator clusters+NoC.</li><li>Jan&rsquo;s Razor: &ldquo;In a CMP, cut inessential resources from each CPU, to maximize
-CPUs per die.&rdquo;</li><li>Jan has achieved an RV32I datapath in about 250 LUTs. This core can achieve
-300-375MHz, 1.3-1.6CPI. The &lsquo;GRVI&rsquo; core is ~320 6-LUTs so &ldquo;1 MIPS/LUT&rdquo;.</li><li>How many can you fit on a modern FPGA? The limiting resource is really the
-block RAMs. In a cluster, two processing elements can share an instruction
-BRAM, and all PEs can share a cluster memory.</li><li>How should the clusters be interconnected? A 5-port virtual channel router
-might be a sensible choice in an ASIC, but does not map well to an FPGA.
-Instead use a <a href=http://fpga.org/2015/09/03/introducing-hoplite/>Hoplite</a> 2D
-router. This is only 1% of the area x delay product of FPGA-optimized VC
-routers. Each cluster has a 300 bit connection to the Hoplite router (with a
-256bit payload).</li><li>400 of the GRVI Phalanx PEs can fit on a Xilinx KU040. The amortized cost of
-the router per processor is only 40 LUTs.</li><li>Can fit 32 GRVI Phalanx PEs on an Artix-7-35T.</li><li>Want to support different accelerated parallel programming models: SPMD,
-MIMD, MP. All potentially accelerated by custom GRVI And cluster function
-units, custom memory or interconnects, custom accelerators on the NOC.</li><li>Next steps: debug/trace over NoC, Hoplite/AXI4 bridges, OpenCL stack,
-potential bridge to Chisel RISC-V infrastructure?</li><li>Question: how do I get this? Not available yet, and not yet sure on the
-licensing model.</li></ul><h2 id=coreboot-on-risc-v-ron-minnich:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>Coreboot on RISC-V: Ron Minnich</h2><ul><li>Initializing the stuff outside the main CPU on a chromebook takes about 1
-billion instructions before it can start Linux.</li><li>Firmware, 1990-2005 &ldquo;fire and forget&rdquo;. Set al lthe stff kernels can&rsquo;t do
-(e.g. LinuxBIOS), then get out of the way. But now there&rsquo;s a push for the
-firmware to hang around after boot.</li><li>Ron argues this sucks. It&rsquo;s slow, there&rsquo;s no easy bugfix path, and it&rsquo;s not
-SMP capable on x86.</li><li>Why doesn&rsquo;t Ron like persistent firmware? It&rsquo;s another attack vector,
-indistinguishable from a persistent embedded threat. Ron&rsquo;s preference is the
-platform management code run as a kernel thread. Minion cores are ideal for
-this (Ron&rsquo;s words rather than mine - I of course agree whole-heartedly).</li><li>coreboot is a GPLv2 BIOS replacement (not a bootloader). It has multiple
-possible payloads including SeaBIOS and depthcharge (used for verified boot on
-Chromebooks).</li><li>Port was started in October 2014 as a side project. The effort resumed in
-July 2015 with the privileged spec, and as-of September is up and running
-again. The most recent port runs on Spike but not QEMU (due to lack of support
-for the privileged spec).</li><li>RISC-V is a first class citizen in coreboot, all commits must pass tests for
-the RISC-V buildbot.</li><li>src/arch/riscv is 2685 LoC.</li><li>The Federal Office for Information Security in Germany runs a hardware test
-station for coreboot. As soon as real hardware is running, they&rsquo;ve offered to
-integrate it into their system.</li><li>Lessons learned<ul><li>provide a boot time SRAM (make sure the address is fixed and not aliased
-by DRAM once DRAM is up).</li><li>Provide a serial port.</li><li>Ron reiterates that runtime functions belong in the kernel, not persistent
-firmware.</li><li>Firmware tables always need translation by kernel, so make them text not
-binary.</li><li>Keep the mask ROM as simple as possible.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t cheap out on SPI or flash part size. Just plan a 64MiB part.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t reset the chipset on IE device not present.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-and-uefi-dong-wei-and-abner-chang:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>RISC-V and UEFI: Dong Wei and Abner Chang</h2><ul><li>There is a UEFI Forum consistent of a board of 12 directors, 12 promoters,
-42 contributors, 213 adopters.</li><li>UEFI and ACPI are both now handled by the UEFI Forum.</li><li>A RISC-V UEFI port is taking place using EDKII (EFI Development Kit II) and
-OVMF (Open Virtual Machine Firmware).</li><li>The speakers are giving a very thorough description of the UEFI boot
-mechanism which I&rsquo;m not able to do justice. You&rsquo;re best waiting for the
-slides+video I&rsquo;m afraid.</li><li>The project was started a few months ago, and can now boot to a UEFI shell.</li><li>They have created a new RISC-V QEMU target with some PC peripherals (CMOS,
-PM, PCI and other devices), and also implemented RISC-V machine mode.</li><li>Requests for new RISC-V spec additions: a periodic timer CSR, RTC with alarm
-CSR, PI management mode support, &hellip; (sorry, missed some).</li></ul><h2 id=freebsd-and-risc-v-ruslan-bukin:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>FreeBSD and RISC-V: Ruslan Bukin</h2><ul><li>FreeBSD will support RV64I in release 11.0.</li><li>Why use FreeBSD? Among other reasons, it gives a full-stack BSD license
-(RISC-V, FreeBSD, LLVM/Clang).</li><li>FreeBSD has been brought up on Spike.</li><li>The early boot assembly code will put the hardware in a known state, build a
-ring buffer for interrupts, initialise the page tables, enable the MMU, then
-finally branch to a virtual address and call into C code.</li><li>Userspace porting required modifications to jemalloc, csu (crt1.S, crtn.S,
-crti.S), libc, msun (libm), rtld-elf (the runtime linker).</li><li>The FreeBSD port is based on the ARMv8 port. It has a 25k line diff and took
-6 months from scratch.</li><li>Userland started working in December. Support will now be committed to
-FreeBSD SVN.</li><li>Next plans include multicore, FPU, increasing the virtual address space,
-DTrace, performance monitoring counters, QEMU, &hellip;</li><li>Proposed changes: split sptbr to sptrbr0 and sptbr1 for the user VA and the
-kernel VA. This means there is no need to change SPTBR when changing the
-privilege level, and should reduce code size.</li><li>For more on the project, see the relevant <a href=https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv>FreeBSD wiki
-page</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c>Building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>&ldquo;2016 is the year of RISC-V&rdquo;. Or at least, the year of RISC-V software. We
-have a great opportunity to push the software stack forwards.</li><li>What can we achieve by the end of the year? Hopefully upstereamed GNU
-toolchain and QEMU. More mature Clang/LLVM support, upstreamed OS support,
-Debian/RISC-V port, start thinking about Android and a real-time OS.</li><li>How do we get there? We need to recruit more RISC-V developers and make it
-easier for people to get started by producing more docs and specifications.</li><li>Right now, the RISC-V Github has had 48 contributors from a wide range of
-Universities, companies and OSS projects.</li><li>We should present talks and tutorials at developer conferences and local
-user group meetings.</li><li>If you have local patches, upstream them!</li><li>How to attract developers? Could fund developers/projects via the
-Foundation, apply to be a Google Summer of Code mentoring organization, update
-the list of open bugs and future requests on github and track contribution
-statistics.</li><li>We can make it much easier for people to get started by building Debian
-packages, upstreaming, and providing regular binary snapshots.</li><li>Spike is great for prototyping hardware features, but QEMU is a better tool
-for software development and a critical part of the RISC-V software story.</li><li>There&rsquo;s more to specify. e.g. a platform specification (e.g. ARMv8 Server
-Base System Architecture), boot architecture (look at the ARMv8 Server Base
-Boot Requirements), RISC-V ABI, hypervisor, security.</li><li>Useful documents include a RISC-V Assembly Guide, some equivalent of the ARM
-Cortex-A Programmer&rsquo;s Guide, and a New Contributor&rsquo;s Guide.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 6, 2016</time></address><p>Today is the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>third RISC-V
-workshop</a>. Again, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a
-semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
-<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one>here</a> for
-notes from the first day.</p><h2 id=risc-v-asic-and-fpga-implementations-richard-herveille:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille</h2><ul><li>Look for freedom of design. Want to free migrate between FPGAs, structured
-ASICs, standard cell ASICs</li><li>Want to make it easier to migrate FPGAs to ASICs for advantages in price,
-performance, power, IP protection.</li><li>Roa Logic&rsquo;s RV32I/64 implementations are called RV11 and RV22. RV11 is
-in-order, single-issue, single thread. RV22 is in-order, dual-issue and dual
-thread.</li><li>Implement a &lsquo;folded&rsquo; optimizing 5-stage pipeline, where some classic RISC
-stages are folded together for performance improvement. e.g. the instruction
-decode stage decides if the instruction sequence can be optimized.</li><li>Ported a debug unit for or1k from OpenCores</li><li>Mostly target the eASIC nextreme platform. Start with an existing FPGA
-design, then transfer.</li><li>Achieved Fmax of 649MHz (32-bit core) on a nextreme-3, vs 114MHz on the customer&rsquo;s
-current CYCLONE-V. Achieved a 70% power reduction.</li><li>Next steps are to improve resource utilization, increase offering of
-extensions, and add multi-threading and multi-issue.</li></ul><h2 id=lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016-alex-bradbury:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>lowRISC: plans for RISC-V in 2016: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>Find my slides
-<a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016>here</a>.
-Apologies for not live-blogging my own talk.</li></ul><h2 id=a-32-bit-100mhz-risc-v-microcontroller-with-10-bit-sar-adc-in-130nm-gp-elkim-roa:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>A 32-bit 100MHz RISC-V microcontroller with 10-bit SAR ADC in 130nm GP: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>Current goal: a low-footprint RISC-V microcontroller like EFM32 or SAMD11
-with USB low-speed PHY on-chip.</li><li>Looked at picorv32 and vscale, but ultimately implemented their own
-implementation. Also adding in a 10-bit SAR ADC, DAC, PLL, GPIO.</li><li>Implement RV32IM using a 3-stage pipeline. IRQ handling is adapted from the
-picorv32 timer.</li><li>Provides AXI-4 lite and an APB bridge.</li><li>SAR ADC intends to be fully synthesizable, 10-bit 10MHz.</li><li>The chip was taped out in October 2015 on 130nm TSMC GP. The core+interfaces
-area was 800um x 480um.</li><li>Undertook a large effort on verification, implemented verification
-testbenches for AXI-4 and APB peripheral functionality. Would like to partner
-to get access to proven VIP.</li><li>Future work to be done on a USB PHY low-speed interface, DMA channels,
-watchdog timer, eNVM 1-poly ROM</li><li>Question: where and when can I download it? Soon! Still cleaning it up.</li></ul><h2 id=soc-for-satelline-navigation-unit-based-on-the-risc-v-single-core-rocket-chip-sergei-khabarov:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>SoC for satelline navigation unit based on the RISC-V single-core Rocket chip: Sergei Khabarov</h2><ul><li>Currently have an RF-mezzanine card for FPGA prototypes, and
-silicon-verified GNSS IP and ASIC development board with a LEON3 CPU inside.</li><li>On the software, have universal receive firmware and plug-and-play support
-for different targets. Plus a host application for data analysis. See
-gnss-snsor.com.</li><li>Now transitioning from the previous 180nm ASIC to a new 90nm chip with a
-RISC-V core. The target frequency is 300MHz.</li><li>The new SoC design aims to take the best ideas of the GPL-licensed grlib
-library (Gaisler Research) and will be written in VHDL.</li><li>Current code can be found <a href=https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl>here</a>.</li><li>Plug and play approach taken from grlib to help quickly assemble a complex
-SoC design. Device ID, vendor ID, address and interrupt configuration,
-cacheability etc etc routed in sideband signals accessible via a dedicated
-slave device on a system bus.</li><li>Some memory access optimizations have been implemented to allow access to
-AXI peripherals in one clock cycle.</li><li>Implemented (or implementing?) the multi-core debug protocol, potentially
-supported by Trace32 (Lauterbach).</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-photonic-processor-chen-sun:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>RISC-V photonic processor: Chen Sun</h2><ul><li>Process scaling has helped massively for data transfer within a chip, but
-we&rsquo;ve had little improvement for moving data off-chip.</li><li>The I/O wall involves being both power and pin limited. Silicon photonics
-may help overcome this.</li><li>Started by tring to provide DRAM connected by photonics (as part of the
-DARPA POEM project).</li><li>What about the foundry? Do it without a foundry. How to connect electronics
-and photonics? Put them on the same chip. Where are you going to get a
-processor? RISC-V!</li><li>They produced it and it was published in Nature last month. Dual-core
-1.65GHz RISC-V. Manufactured in a commercial SOI process.</li><li>Build a waveguide with planar silicon processing. Silicon is the high-index
-core. Oxides form the low-index cladding.</li><li>Transmitter is driven by a CMOS logic inverter. 5Gb/s data rate at 30fj/b.</li><li>Issue with ring resonators is massive variation based on process and
-temperature variation. Need to stabilise this some-how. Add thermal tuning.</li><li>To demonstrate the optical memory system, had a second chip emulating a DRAM
-controller.</li><li>We proposed an architecture, built it, and got performance competitive to
-our predictions!</li></ul><h2 id=untethering-the-risc-v-rocket-chip-wei-song:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>Untethering the RISC-V Rocket Chip: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Rocket is an open-source SoC generator from Berkeley. The base Rocket core
-is a <sup>5</sup>&frasl;<sub>6</sub> stage single-issue in-order processor.</li><li>Previously an host-target interface was connected to the L2 bus which
-communicates with an ARM core on the Zynq to provide peripherals.</li><li>The untethered Rocket chip adds a separate I/O bus. Currently uses Xilinx IP
-for peripherals. First stage bootloader is on FPGA block RAM, second stage
-bootloader is loaded from SD. I/O read and write are totally uncached.</li><li>The top-level (including I/O devices) is all in System Verilog. There is a
-separate &lsquo;Chisel island&rsquo; containing the Rocket interface.</li><li>The I/O and memory maps can be configured by CSRs.</li><li>The first-stage bootloader copies the second stage to DRAM, performing an
-uncached copy. It then remaps the DRAM to memory address 0, resets Rocket and
-starts the second stage. The second stage uses a version of the Berkeley
-bootloader. It starts multi-core, VM support, then loads and boots RISC-V
-Linux in a virtual address space.</li><li>Currently the second stage bootloader stays resident to handle HTIF
-requests.</li><li>Our code release contains a very detailed tutorial. Key features include
-support for the Nexys4 as well as the more expensive KC705. You can also use
-Verilator for simulation and a free WebPACK Vivado license.</li><li>The code release includes a rewritten TileLink/NASTI interface, DDR2/3
-controller, SD, UART.</li><li>Future work: re-integrate tagged memory, remove HTIF from Linux kernel (help
-wanted), interrupt controller, trace debugger (Stefan Wallentowitz),
-run-control debug (SiFive), platform spec.</li></ul><h2 id=mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>MIT&rsquo;s RISCY expedition: Andy Wright</h2><ul><li>MIT implemented an IMAFD 64-bit RISC-V processor in Bluespec System Verilog.
-It supports machine, supervisor, and user modes, boots Linux, and has been
-tandem-verified with Spike.</li><li>Want to work on formal specification of the ISA, formally verified processor
-implementations, memory consistency models, accelerators, microarchitecture
-exploration, VLSI implementations using a standard ASIC flow.</li><li>Philosophy: get a working processor first, figure out why it&rsquo;s slow, and
-make it faster without breaking it.</li><li>Moving to work on formal verification, which requests a formal specification
-for RISC-V. Lots of questions to be answered, e.g. whether referenced bits in
-page table entries should be set for speculatively accessed pages.</li><li>A single instruction can result in up to 13 effective memory accesses - how
-do these interact with each other, and how do they influence the memory model?</li><li>Want simple operational definitions where legal behaviours can be observable
-on a simple abstract machine consisting of cores and a shared monolithic
-memory.</li><li>Looked at defining WMM, a new easy-to-specify weak consistency model.</li><li>Propose there should be a new instruction similar to sfence.vm, but going in
-the opposite direction.</li><li>See also <a href=http://csg.csail.mit.edu/riscy-e/>their website</a>.</li><li>Question: will it be open source? Concerned currently because some aspects
-of the design are used as challenges for student projects and releasing it
-could compromise the projects.</li></ul><h2 id=pydgin-for-risc-v-a-fast-and-productive-instruction-set-simulator-berkin-ilbeyi:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>Pydgin for RISC-V, a fast and productive instruction-set simulator: Berkin Ilbeyi</h2><ul><li>Simple interpreted instruction set simulators get 1-10MIPS of performance.
-Typical dynamic binary translation may achieve 100s of MIPS, with QEMU
-achieving up to 1000 MIPS.</li><li>Another aspect worthy of consideration is productivity when working with the
-simulator, for instance when looking to extend it to explore new hardware
-features. Can you achieve high developer productivity and runtime performance?</li><li>Observe there are similar productivity-performance challenges for building
-high performance language runtimes as for simulators. e.g. the PyPy project.</li><li>Pydgin uses PyPy&rsquo;s RPython framework.</li><li>Pydgin describes its own architectural description language (really a Python
-DSL).</li><li>Pydgin running on a standard Python interpreter gives ~100KIPS. But when
-going through RPython this gives 10MIPS. When targeting the RPython JIT,
-adding extra RPython JIT hints are added achieved up to a 23x performance
-improvement over no annotations.</li><li>Performs 2-3x better than Spike for many workloads. Spike caches decoded
-instructions and uses PC-indexed dispatch to improve performance.</li><li>Achieved a 100MIPS+ RISC-V port after 9 days of development.</li><li>Pydgin is used in the Cornell research group to gain statistics for
-software-defined regions, experimentations with data-structure specialisation,
-control and memory divergence for SIMD, and more.</li><li>Pydgin is <a href=https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin>online at Github</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=orca-fpga-optimized-risc-v-soft-processors-guy-lemieux:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>ORCA, FPGA-optimized RISC-V soft processors: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>ORCA is completely open-source. See it <a href=https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin>at
-Github</a>.</li><li>Initially targeted the Lattice iCE40 (3.5kLUTs, under $5 in low quantities).</li><li>RV32M implemented in 2kLUTs at around 20MHz on the iCE40.</li><li>ORCA is highly parameterized, ideally suitable for FPGAs, portable across
-FPGA vendors, and BSD-licensed.</li><li>Achieved 244MHz, 212MIPS on an Altera Stratix-V. Lots of room for further
-improvements.</li><li>Clock speed is close to matching the picorv32 clock speed, but with higher
-DMIPS/MHz.</li><li>Found 64-bit vs 32-bit counters added a lot of area.</li><li>A good FPGA implementation often leads to a good ASIC implementation, but a
-good ASIC implementation often leads to a poor FPGA implementation.</li><li>Use dual-ported block RAMS on the FPGA for the register file.</li><li>Observe that reduced register count in RV32E makes no difference for FPGAs.
-Divide is very expensive.</li><li>Beware when writing software, a shift could be as slow as 1b/cycle.</li><li>The privileged architecture spec contains too many CSRs and the 64bit
-counters are too big, putting pressure on multiplexers. For FPGAs, perhaps
-defined small/med/full versions.</li></ul><h2 id=pulpino-a-small-single-core-risc-v-soc-andreas-traber:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>PULPino, a small single-core RISC-V SoC: Andreas Traber</h2><ul><li>PULP and PULPino developed at ETH Zurich and University of Bologna with many
-partners.</li><li>Develop an ultra low power processor for computing IoT. Explot parallelism
-using multiple small simple cores organised in clusters.</li><li>Share memory within the cluster.</li><li>Support near-threshold operation for very low power.</li><li>PULP has been taped out over a dozen times across multiple process
-technologies, down to 28nm.</li><li>PULP has a large number of IPs. To start with, open source PULPino as a
-starting point.</li><li>PULPino is a microcontroller-style platform. No caches, no memory hierarchy,
-no DMA. It re-uses IP from the PULP project and will be taped out in 65nm UMC.</li><li>The boot ROM loads a program from SPI flash.</li><li>Motivated to switch to RISC-V due to more modern design (no set flags, no
-delay slot), compressed instructions, easily extensible.</li><li>Looking to extend RISC-V with non-standard extensions for hardware loops,
-post-increment load+store, multiply-accumulate, ALU extensions (min, max
-absolute value).</li><li>RI5CY core has full support for RV32I, implements just the mul from RV32M.
-It has a 4 stage pipeline.</li><li>Performed a comparison based on published Cortex M4 numbers. RI5CY is a
-little faster and a little smaller.</li><li>The RI5CY core itself is just 7% of the area of a PULPino SoC (assuming
-32KiB instruction and data RAM).</li><li>Open source release will follow shortly, including a FreeRTOS port. Using
-the Solderpad license. Just awaiting final approval from the University
-(expected by the end of the month).</li><li>Want to port PULPino to IP-XACT. Also want to add floating point support,
-branch prediction, and evaluate further non-standard ISA extensions.</li></ul><h2 id=the-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-boom-christopher-celio:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): Christopher Celio</h2><ul><li>An out-of-order core. It&rsquo;s synthesizable, parameterizable, and open-source.</li><li>Out-of-order is great for tolerating variable latencies, finding
-instruction-level parallelism, and working with poor compilers or lazily
-written code.</li><li>Downsides are it&rsquo;s more complex and potentially expensive in area and power.</li><li>Should work as an interesting baseline for micro-architecture research. Also
-enables research that need and out of order core (e.g. on memory systems,
-accelerators, VLSI methodologies).</li><li>BOOM implements IMAFD and the RV64G+ privileged spec.</li><li>The RISC-V ISA is easy to implement. Relaxed memory model, accrued FP
-exception flags, no integer side-effects (e.g. condition codes), no cmov or
-predication, no implicit register specifiers, rs1+rs2+rs3+rd are always in the
-same space allowing decode and rename to proceed in parallel.</li><li>As Rocket-chip gets better, so does BOOM.</li><li>The host-target interface is being removed from rocket-chip to provide an
-untethered system.</li><li>BOOM has a unified physical register file (floating point and integer).</li><li>Masses of parameters can be tweaked.</li><li>2-wide BOOM with 16KiB L1 caches 1.2mm2 in TSMC 45nm. Can clock at 1.5GHz
-for two-wide.</li><li>Currently designed for single-cycle SRAM access as the critical path.</li><li>Planning on a tapeout later this year.</li><li>Achieve 50MHz on an FPGA where the bottleneck is the FPGA tools can&rsquo;t
-register-rename the FPU.</li><li>BOOM is 9kloc, plus 11kloc from Rocket.</li><li>9% CoreMarks/MHz for ARM Cortex-A9 with similar architectural parameters and
-smaller (but lacking the NEON unit). Power is also similar based on public
-numbers.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t yet have a SPEC score. Need more DRAM on the FPGA and DRAM emulation.
-With a cluster of FPGAs, this should only take about a day to run.</li><li>BOOM-chip is currently a branch of rocket-chip. See the slides for how to
-get going.</li><li>Currently test/verify using riscv-tests, coremark, spec, and the
-riscv-torture tool.</li><li>riscv-torture, a randomised test generator was open-sourced yesterday. If it
-finds a bug, it will minimise the program for you.</li><li>A design document is a work in progress up on github.com/ccelio (doesn&rsquo;t
-seem to be published yet?)</li><li>Want to grow a community of &ldquo;baby BOOMers&rdquo; :)</li></ul><h2 id=bluespec-s-risc-v-factory-rishiyur-nikhil:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>Bluespec&rsquo;s &ldquo;RISC-V Factory&rdquo;: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>Bluespec&rsquo;s &lsquo;RISC-V Factory&rsquo; is aimed at organisations who want to create
-their own RISC-V based CPUs or SoCs without the usual learning curve, startup
-costs, and ownership costs.</li><li>Currently working with Draper on the DOVER project we&rsquo;ll be hearing about in
-the next talk.</li><li>The Flute RISC-V CPU has interfaces for direct GDB control, an elastic
-(latency-insensitive) pipeline, hooks for optional tagged data.</li><li>Have components such as interconnect, memory controller, DMA engine,
-devices. Working on flash for booting and Ethernet.</li><li>Provide a complete development and verification environment.</li></ul><h2 id=dover-a-metadata-extended-risc-v-andre-dehon:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4>DOVER, a metadata-extended RISC-V: Andre DeHon</h2><ul><li>Current computer systems are insecure, and the processor architecture
-contributes by blinding running code and making the secure and safe thing
-expensive.</li><li>Add software defined metadata processing as implemented in PUMP.</li><li>Give each word a programmable tag. This is indivisible from a word and its
-interpretation is programmable.</li><li>PUMP is a function from (Opcode, PCtag, Instrtag, RS1tag, RS2tag, MRtag) to
-(Allowed?, PCtag, Resulttag).</li><li>Possible policies include access control, types, fine-grained instruction
-permissions, memory safety, control flow integrity, taint tracking and
-information flow control.</li><li>Rules are installed by software on PUMP misses. This demands metadata
-structures be immutable.</li><li>A metadata tag can be a pointer, meaning it can point to a data structure of
-arbitrary size.</li><li>Can support composite policies. i.e. no limit of only one policy at once.</li><li>There are no instructions to read or write metadata, i.e. no set-tag or read
-tag. All tag manipulation is done through the PUMP.</li><li>In RISC-V use PUMP CSRs for rule inputs and outputs.</li><li>Compared to lowRISC: lowRISC has a limited number of tag bits, tags are
-accessible to user code. Good for self-protection safety but argue it&rsquo;s not
-adequate to enforce policies against malicious code (i.e. code actively trying
-to circumvent protection).</li><li>Compare to Oracle M7. M7 has a limited number of colors and a fixed policy.</li><li>Have some global tags and rules so they have the same meaning across
-different processes.</li><li>Idiosyncrasies about RISC-V: one instruction uses RS3, sparse opcode space
-increases table size, multiple instructions per machine word (policies want
-tagged instructions)</li><li>Draper plans to make available Bluespec RISC-V and metadata changes, PUMP,
-set of basic micropolicies, runtime support and tools all under open source
-licenses.</li><li>Building a consortium around Dover, an &ldquo;Inherently Secure Processing Hive&rdquo;.</li><li>Question: what is the overhead? Don&rsquo;t have figures yet for RISC-V. From
-previous work, have 10% area overhead and twice the area, 60% energy overhead.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html b/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html
index dddd8b4d..c0e0b14c 100644
--- a/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html
@@ -1,18 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>March 20, 2016</time></address><p>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring
-organisation in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of
-Code</a> for the second year running. As
-with last year, we&rsquo;re working with a number of friends from across the wider
-open source hardware community to act as an umbrella for a range of
-hardware-related projects. If you are a student who would like to be paid to
-work on open source during the summer, then take a look at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/>the lowRISC ideas
-list</a> and
-<a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>apply</a>.
-As was pointed out on the Google Open Source Program&rsquo;s blog, there is a <a href=http://google-opensource.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/something-different-code-up-hardware-in.html>good
-showing from hardware-related projects in GSoC this
-year</a>.
-The deadline for applications is this coming Friday, 25th March at 7pm GMT.</p><p>We welcome ideas of your own creation, but the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/>ideas we&rsquo;ve suggested this
-year</a> include:</p><ul><li>A trace debug analysis tool (ideally using TypeScript and Electron)</li><li>Improving device-tree support for the Linux RISC-V port</li><li>Various ideas related to the <a href=http://www.clifford.at/yosys/>Yosys</a>
-open-source synthesis tool.</li><li>Porting a teaching OS such as xv6 or XINU to the lowRISC platform</li><li>Porting CMSIS-DSP to PULPino</li><li>Doom on PULPino</li><li>Porting the Arduino libraries to PULPino</li><li>Integrating additional open-source IP for lowRISC on FPGA</li><li>Implementing a Trusted Execution Environment</li><li>Porting musl libc to RISC-V</li><li>A Generic hardware/software interface for software-defined radio</li><li>A SPIR-V frontend for Nyuzi</li><li>Porting an OS kernel to Nyuzi</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html b/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html
index aaacbaa2..1d09ddf8 100644
--- a/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html
@@ -1,29 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 28, 2016</time></address><p>Our friends and collaborators at the <a href=http://fossi-foundation.org/>Free and Open Source Silicon
-Foundation</a> have launched the <a href=http://librecores.org/designcontest>LibreCores design
-contest</a>. This is a student design
-contest which aims to recognise and reward contributions to the open source
-hardware ecosystem. The main evaluation criteria are:</p><ul><li>Openness. Your work must be published under an established Open Source
-license.</li><li>Reusability. How easily can your work be used and modified by someone else?
-Is it well documented? Do you plan to continue to work on your project and help
-others to get started?</li><li>Usefulness. Is your work filling a much-needed gap in the world of Open
-Source hardware design? Something that was not there before?</li></ul><p>See the <a href=http://librecores.org/designcontest>design contest site</a> for full
-details. The deadline for submission is August 31st, 2016. Entrants will have
-the opportunity to present their work at <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf</a>,
-with some travel funding available thanks to the sponsors.</p><p>This neatly leads me to the next activity I wanted to highlight in this post.
-Again, thanks to the hard work of our friends at FOSSi, registration is <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>now
-open for ORConf 2016</a>. To quote that page: &ldquo;ORCONF
-is an open source digital design and embedded systems conference, covering
-areas of electronics from the transistor level up to Linux user space and
-beyond. Expect presentations and discussion on free and open source IP
-projects, implementations on FPGA and in silicon, verification, EDA tools,
-licensing and embedded software&rdquo;.</p><p><a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/2015/>Last year&rsquo;s ORConf</a> was the biggest and most
-enthusiastic event focused on open source digital design I&rsquo;ve ever been to,
-and saw the birth of the FOSSi Foundation. Please do register to attend and
-submit talks. With the growing interest in open source hardware and open
-source digital logic design, I expect it will be even bigger and better than
-last year. ORConf 2016 will be held at the University of Bologna in Italy
-between October 7th and October 9th. <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>Register
-now</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/index.html b/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/index.html
index 3c29b794..93dc07ae 100644
--- a/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/index.html
@@ -1,21 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 3, 2016</time></address><p>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now
-<a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/timeline>underway</a> and we&rsquo;re
-delighted to be working with five students, covering a variety of interesting
-projects. They have all introduced themselves over the past few weeks on <a href=https://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>our
-project mailing
-list</a>.
-Many thanks to everyone who applied, to the mentors who volunteered, and to
-Google for sponsoring this programme. If your application was unsuccessful, I
-hope you&rsquo;ll try again next year.</p><p>The <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>projects for lowRISC in the 2016
-GSoC</a>
-are:</p><ul><li>Porting the Arduino library to RISC-V (PULPino). Mahmoud Elmohr, mentored by
-Andreas Traber</li><li>Implementing an open-source DDRx controller. Bittu N, mentored by Wei Song</li><li>Porting Musl libc to RISC-V. Masanori Ogino, mentored by Rich Felker. See
-Masanori&rsquo;s <a href=http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.hardware.lowrisc.devel/377>first status
-update</a></li><li>Porting the OP-TEE Trusted Execution Environment to the lowRISC
-platform.Rahul S Mahadev, mentored by Stefan Wallentowitz. See <a href=http://mahadevrahul.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/trusted-execution-environment-on-sel4.html>Rahul&rsquo;s blog
-post</a>
-on starting this project.</li><li>Porting the xv6 teaching operating system to the lowRISC platform. Jeff
-Rogers, mentored by Alex Bradbury</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/index.html b/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/index.html
index ca799ef5..175acd38 100644
--- a/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/index.html
@@ -1,31 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 27, 2016</time></address><p><em>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four
-University of Cambridge undergrads. Their work is kindly sponsored by <a href=http://www.imc.nl/>IMC
-Financial Markets</a> who are also helping to advise this
-summer project.</em></p><p>At the time of our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>last blog post</a>, we had just finished VGA and
-were working on implementing the frame buffer. Over the last 2 weeks, we have
-made significant progress, completing the frame buffer and starting video decode.</p><p>The frame buffer was developed iteratively. Initially, it was a small Block RAM
-attached to the SoC&rsquo;s AXI-Lite bus. This was useful for creating a prototype,
-but its limited size lead to it being replaced with an in-memory frame buffer,
-supplemented with a BRAM line buffer. The end result is shown below, the
-component is connected to the TileLink bus.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_600x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Framebuffer diagram" title="Framebuffer diagram" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>This component builds on the VGA controller, for which documentation will be
-added shortly. We have added a data mover (a unidirectional DMA), to move data
-from the in memory frame buffer into the local video memory. The video memory
-acts as a line buffer, the data mover (DM) moves one line from the in-memory frame
-buffer at a time. Meanwhile the VGA controller flushes the new lines to the
-screen, displaying the image from memory. The DM obeys the state machine shown
-in the diagram below. The DM Controller is memory mapped, allowing the CPU to
-communicate with it. Currently, it can only accept one request at a time,
-further requests are ignored until the component moves back to the IDLE step.
-Requests consist of source and destination addresses, and a length. A planned
-extension is adding a FIFO queue to the controller to allow multiple requests
-to be supported.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Data mover state diagram" title="Data mover state diagram" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>The decision was made to implement a unidirectional data mover over a more
-complex and capable bidirectional DMA component as only unidirectional movement
-was needed for now. Later on, we will need bidirectional access as the
-video accelerator will need to write back to memory. We hope to enable
-bidirectionality by simply duplicating the existing unidirectional design.</p><p>Our next tasks relate to video decoding. We will be adapting a reference
-MPEG-2 codec to decode video on the FPGA and adding extra components to the
-SoC design to improve the performance of the codec, such as DCT and iDCT
-accelerators.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 14, 2016</time></address><p>Many of the lowRISC team (Robert Mullins, Wei Song, and Alex Bradbury) have
-been in Boston this week for the fourth RISC-V workshop. By any measure, this
-has been a massive success with over 250 attendees representing 63 companies
-and 42 Universities. Wei presented our most recent work on integrating trace
-debug, which you&rsquo;ll soon be able to read much more about here (it&rsquo;s worth
-signing up to our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>announcement list</a> if you want to
-be informed of each of our releases).</p><h2 id=risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Next RISC-V Workshop will be Nov 29th-30th at Google&rsquo;s Mountain View, CA</li><li>The RISC-V ISA and related standards shall remain open and license-free to
-all parties, and the member agreement with RISC-V Foundation will include a
-license for the trademark</li><li>Trademark license for commercial use is part of being a silver, gold, or
-platinum member</li><li>Founding member status has now finished.</li><li>You don&rsquo;t have to be a member to participate in specifications - each task
-group must include at least one round of public consultation.</li><li>Question: any plans for workshops outside of the USA? Answer: yes, we would
-like to do that</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-interrupts-krste-asanović:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>RISC-V interrupts: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>Want a standard that is useful in high performance Unix-like systems (fast
-cores, smart devices), low/mid embedded systems (slow cores, dumb devices),
-and high-performance realtime systems (can&rsquo;t waste time on interrupt overhead)</li><li>Design goals: simplicity, support all kinds of platforms, allow tradeoffs
-between performance and implementation cost, be flexible to support
-specialised needs</li><li>Interrupts are either local or global.<ul><li>Local interrupts are directly connected to one hardware thread (hart) with
-no arbitration. On RISC-V, there is currently only two of these: software
-and timer.</li><li>For global (external) interrupts, they are routed via the memory-mapped
-Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)</li></ul></li><li>A new CSR, the Machine Interrupt Pending (mip) register is added. It has
-separate interrupts for each supported privilege level.</li><li>User-level interrupt handling is an optional feature. This may be used in
-secure embedded systems.</li><li>Software interrupts<ul><li>MSIP (machine software interrupt) can only be written in machine mode via
-a memory-mapped control register. This is used for inter-hart interrupts.
-Also have HSIP, SSIP, USIP. A hart can only write its own HSIP, SSIP, USIP.</li><li>The App/OS/Hypervisor can only perform inter-hart interrupts via
-ABI/SBI/HBI calls</li></ul></li><li>Timer interrupts: MTIP is a single 64-bit real-time hardware timer and
-comparator in M-mode. You want this because due to frequency scaling etc, just
-going by cycle count is not useful. HTIP, STIP, UTIP are set up by M-mode
-software.</li><li>When running at a given privilege level, all interrupts for lower levels are
-disabled.</li><li>All interrupts trap to M-mode by default, and M-mode software can redirect
-to the other privilege level as necessary. mideleg can be used to
-automatically delegate interrupts to the next privilege level.</li><li>Conceptually, when interrupts come in to the PLIC they are handled by the
-gateway. This abstracts away differences between different interrupt sources.
-e.g. level-triggered, edge-triggered etc. A new request isn&rsquo;t forwarded to the
-PLIC core unless the previous request&rsquo;s handler has signaled completion.</li><li>Each interrupt has an ID and priority. These priorities can be fixed or
-variable. The PLIC stores per-target information</li><li>An interrupted hart will try to claim an interrupt from the PLIC with a read
-of the memory-mapped register. It could have been claimed by someone else, and
-the PLIC core is responsible for ensuring the interrupts it received by only
-one hart.</li><li>If you want to add more levels of nested interrupt handling, add more harts
-to your system.</li><li>The position of the PLIC in the memory map isn&rsquo;t defined by the
-specification because many people will have existing memory maps.</li><li>Question: would you have multiple PLICs on a multi-core system? Answer:
-conceptually, there is only one PLIC though it could be implemented in a
-distributed fashion.</li></ul><h2 id=formal-specification-of-risc-v-uniprocessor-consistency-arvind:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Formal specification of RISC-V uniprocessor consistency: Arvind</h2><ul><li>Joint project with Adam Chlipala. The slogan is &ldquo;chips with proofs&rdquo;. These
-are multicore chips that satisfy the RISC-V ISA specifications and are capable
-of booting Linux.</li><li>Both the design and the proofs must be modular and amenable to modular
-refinement.</li><li>Mostly concerned about microarchitecture and memory system correctness.</li><li>Specs and designs are expressed in Bluespec.</li><li>See also <a href=http://plv.csail.mit.edu/kami/>Kami</a>, a framework for Coq for
-performing proofs about Bluespec programs.</li><li>A specification should avoid using concepts such as partially executed
-instructions or &ldquo;a store was been performed with respect to&hellip;&rdquo;.
-Non-determinism is necessary, but unspecified behaviour should be avoided.</li><li>Semantics are defined in terms of &lsquo;I2E&rsquo;, the Instantaneous Instruction
-Execution framework. Simply, an instruction executes instantaneously ensuring
-the processor state is always up to date. Data moves between processors and
-memory asynchronously according to some background rules. Memory
-model-specific buffers are placed between the processor state and memory.</li><li>WMM is a possible memory model for RISC-V, where both loads and stores can
-be re-ordered. Conceptually, invalidation buffers are added alongside the
-store buffer in order to make stale values visible. Whenever a stale value is
-removed from the invalidation buffer, any values that are older (more stale)
-must also be removed.</li><li>Memory issues arise even within a uniprocessor, due to self-modifying code
-and page table access and the TLB. The fundamental issue is with multiple
-paths to the same memory.</li><li>Arvind is concerned that when defining formal semantics, a very weak memory
-model may become very (too?) complex.</li></ul><h2 id=heterogeneous-multicore-risc-v-processors-in-fd-soi-silicon-thomas-peyret:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Heterogeneous Multicore RISC-V Processors in FD-SOI Silicon: Thomas Peyret</h2><ul><li>Want to build a large ecosystem around FD-SOI in Europe, including IP and
-chipset libraries.</li><li>PULSAR is a RISC-V big.LITTLE-style heterogeneous multicore. Two small cores
-(rocket without FPU, 8KB L1 caches) and two big cores (3-way super-scalar BOOM
-and 32KB L1 caches). It features an AMBA interconnect generated by Synopsys
-CoreAssembler and has multiple body-bias zones.</li><li>Currently looking to use it in the context of a pedestrian navigation
-system.</li><li>128-bit link to DDR5 controller, plus 4+4GTX SERDES to a separate FPGA.</li><li>Also features the AntX processor, which is a very small 32-bit RISC Harvard
-design from CEA Tech.</li><li>Used hardware emulation with ZeBu (Synopsys)</li><li>Also used SESAM for virtual prototyping (based on SystemC/TLM 2.0). This is
-up to 90% accurate compared to RTL. Have also developed SCale, a new parallel
-SystemC kernel.</li><li>Synthesis results show 2.64mm2, 0.6W, 700MHz.</li><li>Question: will the work be open-sourced? Answer: Don&rsquo;t know yet.</li></ul><h2 id=nvidia-risc-v-evaluation-story-joe-xie:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>NVidia RISC-V evaluation story: Joe Xie</h2><ul><li>Want to reproduce the existing NVIDIA falcon CPU with a new ISA</li><li>Falcon - FAst Logic CONtroller. Introduced over 10 years ago and used in
-more than 15 different hardware engines today. Low area, secure, flexible. 6
-stage pipeline, variable length instructions (proprietary NVIDIA ISA).</li><li>The next generation for Falcon is needed for higher performance and rich OS
-support. Old Falcon is 0.67 DMIPS/MHz, 1.4 Coremark/Mhz</li><li>Options were to buy access to a current architecture (MIPS, ARM, others) or
-build (move to RISC-V or improve Falcon). Obviously, they elected to move to
-RISC-V. The fact the ISA is extensible is a key advantage. Want an area of
-less than 0.1mm2 at 16FF.</li><li>NV-RISCV is 5 stage in-order issue, out-of-order execution. It has a
-in-order write buffer. No FPU. Makes use of an MPU with base and bound
-protection. It will initially be added to the Falcon as a 2nd core to provide
-easy backwards compatibility.</li><li>Area for 16FF: Falcon 0.03mm2 vs Rocket 0.055mm2 vs NV-RISC-V 0.05-0.06mm2.</li><li>Did a lot of cache optimisations to tolerate large latency. Store buffer,
-write merging, line-fill buffer, victim buffer, stream buffer.</li><li>Areas of interest include toolchain (for automotive, debug, performance
-tuning, flexibility, ilp32/ilp64). Also security (crypto instructions and
-extensions), and adding cache manipulation instructions.</li><li>Question: why design your own core rather than use an existing one? Answer:
-after evaluating the options, it made the most sense. The motivation to go to
-RISC-V was technical as well as influenced by cost.</li></ul><h2 id=isa-shootout-a-comparison-of-risc-v-arm-and-x86-chris-celio:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>ISA Shootout – a Comparison of RISC-V, ARM, and x86: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Recently released a new tech report <a href=http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02318>The renewed case for the Reduced
-Instruction Set Computer</a>.</li><li>The conventional wisdom is that CISC ISAs are more expressive and dense than
-RISC ISAs, while RISC ISAs map well to high-performance pipelines. Of course,
-a number of designs have CISC instructions translating to RISC-like micro-ops.</li><li>Chris&rsquo; contention is that a well designed RISC ISA can be very competitive
-with CISC ISAs. It can be denser and higher performance.</li><li><code>ldmiaeq sp!, {r4-r7, PC}</code> is an ARMv7 instruction (load
-multiple-increment-address) which will write to 7 registers and perform 6
-loads. This is a common idiom for stack pop and return from a function call.</li><li>Goal is to get a baseline to measure the current code generation quality of
-the RISC-V gcc port. Given a fixed ISA, what can the compiler do to improve
-performance? What can the programmer do? What can the micro-architect do? A
-specific non-goal is to lobby for more instructions (CISC or otherwise).</li><li>Dynamic instruction count can be very misleading due to the possibility it
-decodes to many micro-ops. Conversely, macro-op fusion may take multiple
-instructions and fuse them on the fly.</li><li>Looking at 6 ISAs, using 12 benchmarks from SpecINT 2006.</li><li>Average 16% more instructions for RISC-V vs x86-64, though roughly even in
-terms of micro-ops. With the compressed instruction set extension, RISC-V wins
-in terms of instruction bytes fetched on many of the benchmarks. Overall, 28%
-fewer instruction bytes than ARMv7 and 8% fewer than x86-64.</li><li>Adding array indices is the most common idiom, so why not add an indexed
-load instruction to match x86? But with the compressed ISA, a pair of
-compressed instructions can be treated as an indexed load by the decoder.</li><li>Proposed macro-op fusion pairs: load effective address, indexed load, clear
-upper word. These idioms provide 5.4% fewer &ldquo;effective&rdquo; instructions for RV64.</li><li>Fusion isn&rsquo;t just for superscalar out-of-order cores. Chris believes it
-should be used by all RISC-V cores. For instance, Rocket (single issue) can be
-modified to perform this.</li><li>Better code generation is possible if the compiler knows fusion is
-available.</li><li>RISC can be denser, faster, and stay simple!</li><li>Question: will compressed become standard? Answer: it may become part of the
-de-facto standard or even Linux ABI standard. Still more to be done to fully
-understand the complexity for processor implementations.</li><li>Question: how does macro-op fusion interact with things like faults and
-precise exceptions? Answer: it does add extra complexity. One solution is if
-you get a fault, then re-fetch and execute without fusion.</li></ul><h2 id=trace-debugging-in-lowrisc-wei-song:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Trace debugging in lowRISC: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Watch this blog for much more on our trace debug work very soon.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-i-o-scale-out-architecture-for-distributed-data-analytics-mohammad-akhter:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>RISC-V I/O Scale Out Architecture for Distributed Data Analytics: Mohammad Akhter</h2><ul><li>For analytics, need a deep net with many nodes. This demands balanced
-low-latency computing I/O, memory, and storage processing.</li><li>Wireless network evolution is driven by real-time data with better QoS. Very
-rapid growth rate in bandwidth and reduction in round-trip time latency for
-LTE, LTE-A, 5G, &hellip;</li><li>Built a deep learning micro-cluster. Uses RapidIO, NVidia GPUs. No RISC-V
-though. They&rsquo;ve then looked at how this might look with RISC-V cores instead.</li><li>Want to support AXI rand RapidIO.</li><li>Produced a hardware simulation model with TileLink packet generators
-producing data that is transferred over a RapidIO transport.</li><li>A RISC-V CPU generator model with port for RapidIO available (where?)</li></ul><h2 id=coherent-storage-the-brave-new-world-of-non-volatile-main-memory-dejan-vucinic:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Coherent storage. The brave new world of non-volatile main memory: Dejan Vucinić</h2><ul><li>There are two emerging resistive non-volatile memories. ReRAM and PCM. Read
-latency is orders of magnitude lower than NAND, somewhere between that of DRAM
-and NAND.</li><li>Should non-volatile memories be treated like memory, or like storage?</li><li>For now, it seems to make sense to have the digital logic for the NVM
-controller off-chip (including coherence state).</li><li>Wear levelling, data protection at rest further motivate the controller
-being placed along with non-volatile media.</li><li>One potential approach is a coherent storage controller in reconfigurable
-logic.</li><li>RISC-V shopping list: Hardware coherence, fast+wide ports for peripherals to
-join the coherence domain, relinquish the non-volatile memory controller for
-now, and get used to high variability in main memory response time.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-as-a-basis-for-asip-design-drake-smith:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>RISC-V as a basis for ASIP design: Drake Smith</h2><ul><li>&ldquo;Every design is different, so why is every embedded processor the same?&rdquo;</li><li>Using RISC-V as a basis for ASIP can avoid many concerns. SecureRF produces
-quantum-resistant security for low resource devices using group theoretic
-cryptography.</li><li>Using the Microsemi Smartfusion2+ board as the test platform.</li><li>With a software-only port, their WalnutDSA was 63x faster than Micro-ECC.</li><li>Adding a custom instruction to accelerate it only added 2% area on the FPGA
-and gave another 3x increase in speed.</li></ul><h2 id=an-updated-on-building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>An updated on building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>2016 wishlist: Upstream GNU toolchain, Clang//LLVM and QEMU. Also Linux
-kernel, Yocto, Gentoo, and BSD. Plus Debian/RISC-V port.</li><li>Now people are getting ready to send patches for review for toolchains and
-QEMU.</li><li>FreeBSD 11 will officially support RISC-V. For the Debian/RISC-V port, see
-Manuel&rsquo;s talk tomorrow.</li><li>Arun argues the Foundation should fund developers to build core software
-infrastructure. Additionally, we should also decide on a process for proposing
-ISA enhancements.</li><li>What might funded developers do? Upstreaming and maintainership, porting
-software, performance optimisation/analysis, enhancing test suites and
-methodologies, continuous integration and release management.</li><li>How should proposals be be handled? Various groups have approaches for this
-already. e.g. Rust, Python, IEEE, IETF. Arun has put together a <a href=https://github.com/arunthomas/riscv-rfcs>straw-man
-proposal on specification
-development</a>.</li><li>Arun would like to see the next iteration for the privileged spec to go
-through a comment period.</li></ul><h2 id=orca-lve-embedded-risc-v-with-lightweight-vector-extensions-guy-lemieux:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>ORCA-LVE, embedded RISC-V with lightweight vector extensions: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>Using 900LUTs for a speedup of 12x. Proposed and added a standardised vector
-engine to their processor.</li><li>Smallest version of the ORCA implementation can fit in 2k LUTS on the
-Lattice iCE40 and runs at about 20MHz.</li><li>Their approach for lightweight vector extensions is to add a dedicated
-vector data scratchpad and to re-use the RISC-V ALU.</li><li>Vector operands are just RISC-V scalar registers containing pointers into
-the vector scratchpad.</li><li>To encode vector operations, they use two 32-bit instruction bundles.</li><li>To allocate vector data, just use an alternative malloc function. Intrinsics
-are available to manipulate vectors.</li><li>In the future, want to add 2D and 3D operations as well as subword SIMD.</li><li>Why not using the proposed RISC-V vector extensions? Because the detailed
-proposal isn&rsquo;t yet released, and LVE intends to be more lightweight and lower
-overhead.</li><li>Question: can these instructions raise exceptions? Answer: that hasn&rsquo;t been
-properly defined yet.</li></ul><h2 id=fpgarduino-a-cross-platform-risc-v-ide-for-the-masses-marko-zec:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>FPGArduino. A cross-platform RISC-V IDE for the masses: Marko Zec</h2><ul><li>The main attraction of the Arduino IDE is simplicity and quick results</li><li>Provide pre-compiled toolchains for OSX, Windows, and Linux. For C
-libraries, took mainly from FreeBSD.</li><li>boards.txt defines IDE menu entries and options. Also support pre-build FPGA
-bitstreams and support for upload from IDE.</li><li>Have produced f32c, a retargetable scalar RISC-V core written (mostly) in
-VHDL.</li></ul><h2 id=sifive-s-risc-v-computer-jack-kang:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>SiFive&rsquo;s RISC-V computer: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company building customisable SoCs</li><li>They produce a free and open platform spec for their platforms</li><li>This week announced &ldquo;Freedom Unleashed&rdquo; (Linux application cores, high speed
-peripherals), and &ldquo;Freedom Everywhere&rdquo; (targeted at embedded and IoT).</li><li>The Freedom Unleashed demo will be shown today, running on an FPGA connected
-to PCIe.</li><li>Question: why 180nm for the Freedom Everywhere, isn&rsquo;t it rather old now?
-Answer: it is low cost and fast time to market so will make sense for some.</li><li>Question: will peripherals etc be open sourced? Answer: things we do
-ourselves e.g. SPI will be.</li></ul><h2 id=mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>MIT&rsquo;s RISCy expedition: Andy Wright</h2><ul><li>Build proofs from small components, build them up to complete, real
-processors.</li><li>They are now releasing their work, the Riscy processor library, Riscy BSV
-utility library, and reference processor implementations. Currently
-multi-cycle and in-order pipelined. Soon, out-of-order execution.</li><li>Have infrastructure for tandem verification.</li><li>How is modular design possible? RTL modules are not modularly refinable
-under composition, i.e. implementation details of one module may put
-additional constraints on another. But BSV language features do support
-composability.</li><li>The processor design flow involves taking the Riscy blocks, forming the
-initial connections, performing modular refinement, and then scheduling
-optimisation to reduce overheads due to BSV scheduling logic.</li><li>Connectal implements the connections from FPGA to a host computer through
-PCIe. This also works on Zynq FPGAs with an AXI transport.</li><li>Tandem verification: run the same program on two RISC-V implementations at
-once. Generated verification packets at commit stage, use non-deterministic
-information from the implementation under test for synchronisation, and then
-compare the results.</li><li>Check out the code <a href=https://github.com/csail-csg/riscy>on Github</a>.</li><li>Planned work involves formal specifications, proofs for modules, and proof
-for processors.</li></ul><h2 id=a-software-programmable-fpga-iot-platform-andrew-canis:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>A software-programmable FPGA IoT platform: Andrew Canis</h2><ul><li>Lattice&rsquo;s vision for an FPGA IoT platform is that it has high ease of use
-(use C/C++ as design entry), and flexibility for a range of sensors,
-actuators, communication devices.</li><li>A hybrid computing solution: the RISC-V processor with FPGA hardware. RISC-V
-processor plus LegUp-generated hardware acclerators to handle the processing
-part of the IoT platform.</li><li>The Lattice RISC-V processor has a 4 stage pipeline, and can be configured
-for RV32I, RV32IM, and RV32IC. It compares favourably to the LM32, e.g. RV32IC
-takes 1.6K LUTs vs 2K LUTs for the LM32 while also achieving higher DMIPS and
-code density.</li><li>LegUp is a high level synthesis tool.</li><li>For a sum of squares of speech samples example, the LegUp synthesized
-accelerator gives a 5.4x speedup vs the RISC-V software implementation.</li><li>LegUp has plans to support LegUp-synthesized custom instruction
-implementations</li></ul><h2 id=apache-mynewt-james-pace:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Apache mynewt: James Pace</h2><ul><li><a href=http://mynewt.apache.org>Mynewt</a> is an open source OS for constrained IOT.
-Supports ARM, AVR, Mips (and now RISC-V?).</li><li>Apache Mynewt is &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; for devices that cannot run Linux.</li><li>It is a community effort, run through the Apache Software Foundation.
-Currently ~280k lines of code.</li><li>Plans for Bluetooth 5 support in the future, deployments for industrial
-wireless sensor networks.</li><li>The Mynewt kernel is a pre-emptive, multi-tasking RTOS with a tickless
-kernel.</li><li>Question: does Mynewt support SMP? Answer: not currently.</li></ul><h2 id=dsp-isa-extensions-for-an-open-source-risc-v-implementation-pulp-pasquale-davide-schiavone:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>DSP ISA extensions for an open-source RISC-V implementation (PULP): Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2><ul><li>RI5CYv2 is an evolution of their RISC-V implementation. It is an RV32IMC
-implementation with some PULP-specific ISA extensions to target energy
-efficiency.</li><li>Includes support for profiling and core execution trace.</li><li>Coremark/Mhz is competitive with the ARM Cortex M4.</li><li>Hardware loop instructions benefit control-intensive applications</li><li>Add DSP extensions to improve energy efficiency for signal processing
-algorithms. Want to execute more quickly so the core can enter a low-power
-mode.</li><li>RI5CYv2 adds dot product between vectors, saturation instructions, small
-vector instructions, &hellip; GCC support is present for these.</li><li>These additional instructions give a performance increase of up to 9.5x,
-6.4x on average for data-intensive kernels.</li><li>The fan-out 4 of the critical path is 31. When laying out at 65nm, area is
-67 kilo-gate equivalents.</li><li>Released so far just 10% of what they will release in the future, so there&rsquo;s
-much more to come. The full PULP will be released in December, an in the
-meantime you can use the PULPino core.</li></ul><h2 id=the-dover-edge-a-metadata-enhanced-risc-v-architecture-andré-dehon:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>The DOVER Edge: A Metadata-Enhanced RISC-V Architecture: André DeHon</h2><ul><li>How do we handle the &lsquo;edge&rsquo; of a metadata tagged system? e.g. I/O to the
-untagged world, legacy devices, DMA.</li><li>PUMP is a metadata processing engine that checks tags upon every instruction
-and memory access.</li><li>For slave devices, tags can be associated with memory mapped devices. These
-are used to write rules to control access. This allows giving configuration
-control to particular drivers, without giving the driver control to all
-devices or other privileges.</li><li>DMA I/O policies might target: containment (who&rsquo;s allowed to read/write a
-buffer), integrity (mark incoming data as untrusted), secrecy, and
-data presence/synchronisation.</li><li>Add new supported opcodes as input to the PUMP representing DMA load and DMA
-store. Modify PC tag and Instr tag to represent the state of the DMA and the
-DMA source.</li><li>If a DMA is deemed to be misbehaving, it can be totally disabled by the PUMP
-or the particular operation could be discarded.</li><li>In this design, there is both an IO pump and a processor PUMP. The IO pump
-is pipelined so it will not reduce system throughput.</li><li>The IO pump generates an interrupt on a rule miss. The miss handler uses the
-same rule function as for the processor PUMP.</li></ul><h2 id=improving-the-performance-per-area-factor-of-risc-v-based-multi-core-systems-tobias-strauch:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Improving the performance-per-area factor of RISC-V based multi-core systems: Tobias Strauch</h2><ul><li>The speaker has spent many years working on C-slow retiming</li><li>System hyper pipelining is based on C-slow retiming. It replaces original
-registers with memories, and adds thread stalling and bypassing features.</li><li>In &lsquo;deep pipelining&rsquo;, run one thread in &lsquo;beast mode&rsquo;. Switch to another
-thread if an instruction dependency is detected.</li><li>Created the microRISC project, working on the V-scale design. With SHP was
-able to move from 80MHz to 250MHz.</li><li>miniRISC (based on lowRISC). Want to perform SHP on the Rocket core. The
-speaker proposes that instead of having multiple minions you have a
-hyper-pipelined core.</li><li>The source code of the projects will be released in PDVL, a new language
-&ldquo;way better than Chisel and Bluespec Verilog(!)&rdquo; that produces VHDL and
-Verilog.</li></ul><h2 id=working-towards-a-debian-risc-v-port-manuel-a-fernandez-montecelo:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Working towards a Debian RISC-V port: Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo</h2><ul><li>Debian is a community of volunteers who care about free and open-source
-software.</li><li>Debian contains more than 22k source packages</li><li>Debian contains a mix of officially supported ports, unofficial releases (on
-Debian infrastructure but not part of the stable release process), and others
-are outside of Debian infrastructure (e.g. Raspbian).</li><li>Why a Debian port for RISC-V? Interested as Manuel feels affinity with the
-goals of the project, previously enjoyed working with the OpenRISC port.</li><li>Goal is to have a complete, fully supported, continuously updated Debian
-port. The initial step is to bootstrap a viable, basic OS disk image.</li><li>The chosen RISC-V target is 64-bit little endian. This is the recommended
-default and what is planned for the lowRISC board.</li><li>Been working on and off since November 2014. Upstreaming of toolchains etc
-would be very helpful. Have now built 300-400 &ldquo;essential&rdquo; packages.</li><li>Packages where mostly cross-compiled, with some compiled &lsquo;natively&rsquo; inside
-emulators. Some require building multiple times to e.g. break circular
-dependencies.</li><li>ABI changes mean work has to restart from scratch.</li></ul><h2 id=kami-a-framework-for-hardware-verification-murali-vijayaraghavan:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af>Kami. A framework for hardware verification: Murali Vijayaraghavan</h2><ul><li>This work is part of the &ldquo;Riscy Expedition&rdquo; by MIT. Want to build chips with
-proofs.</li><li>Must to able to verify an optimisation is correct independent of contexts,
-to enable modular verification of a full system.</li><li>Kami is a DSL inside the Coq proof assistant for verifying Bluespec-style
-hardware.</li><li>Have finished building required theory and proof automation infrastructure.<br>Are currently working on proving a cluster of multi-cycle cores connected to a
-coherent cache hierarchy implements sequential consistency.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html b/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html
index e03dee3d..4600379a 100644
--- a/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html
@@ -1,62 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Alex Bradbury,
-<time>October 15, 2016</time></address><p>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not,
-we&rsquo;ll return to discussing Verilog, Chisel, and low-level software work soon.
-I wrote a quick script to help serve a need (producing a Gantt chart) and
-thought perhaps others would find it useful.</p><p>There are a wide range of online services to help produce and maintain Gantt
-charts, but none quite offered what I was looking for. I want something open
-source, easy to use, and where the underlying data is human readable and can
-be version controlled. The
-<a href=http://xael.org/pages/python-gantt-en.html>python-gantt</a> library formed an
-excellent starting point for generating a Gantt chart in SVG, but I thought it
-was worth trying to support a slightly less verbose input format.</p><p>Enter <a href=http://hjson.org/>hjson</a>, which aims to be a superset of json with
-much more forgiving syntax. This has its disadvantages, but it does seem to
-work well as a concise and easy to edit data format. A quick python script to
-parse an hjson input to produce a Gantt chart and we&rsquo;re away. One feature I do
-like is the use of <a href=https://github.com/amjith/fuzzyfinder>fuzzy matching</a> for
-project references and dependencies. Again, this makes it easy to hack on by
-hand. In the example below, I&rsquo;m able to use &ldquo;mftr widgets&rdquo; to refer to the
-&ldquo;Manufacture widgets&rdquo; task.</p><p>Example input:</p><pre><code>    {
-        projects: [
-            {
-                name: Project Alpha
-                color: green
-            }
-        ]
-
-        tasks: [
-            {
-                name: Design widget
-                begin: 2016-10-14
-                duration: 7,
-                people: Farquaad
-                project: alpha
-            }
-            {
-                name: Set up widget production line
-                begin: 2016-10-19
-                duration: 6
-                people: Zack
-                project: alpha
-            }
-            {
-                name: Manufacture widgets
-                duration: 7
-                people: Carrie
-                deps: [&quot;design widget&quot;, &quot;widget prod line&quot;]
-                project: alpha
-            }
-        ]
-
-        milestones: [
-            {
-                name: Widgets start shipping
-                start: 2016-10-30
-                deps: [&quot;mftr widgets&quot;]
-                project: alpha
-            }
-        ]
-    }
-</code></pre><p>Example output (<code>./hjson_to_gantt --begin-date 2016-10-10 --end-date 2016-11-13 example.hjson --name example</code>):</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_1800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Example Gantt chart" title="Example Gantt chart"><p><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/hjson_to_gantt>hjson_to_gantt is available on Github</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html b/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
index 32c3a233..a6b57ba0 100644
--- a/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
@@ -1,152 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 29, 2016</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>fifth RISC-V
-workshop</a> is going
-on today and tomorrow at the Google&rsquo;s Quad Campus in Mountain View. I&rsquo;ll be
-keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor-and-dom-rizzo:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo</h2><ul><li>This workshop is yet again bigger than the last. 350+ attendees, 107 companies, 29 universities.</li><li>The next workshop will be May 9th-10 in Shanghai, China.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-at-uc-san-diego-michael-taylor:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor</h2><ul><li>Startup software stacks today look a light like an iceberg. A small amount
-of &lsquo;value-add&rsquo; at the top, and a huge stack of open source underneath.</li><li>How do we build the equivalent for hardware, the fully open source ASIC
-stack?</li><li>Need core IP, IO pads, standard cells, PLLs, high speed I/O, tools, BGA
-packages, PCB design, firmware etc</li><li>basejump aims to provide a &lsquo;base class&rsquo; for cheap hardware development. It
-includes a standard library of components, an open source package design, and
-an open source motherboard</li><li><code>bsg_ip_cores</code> aims to be like C++ STL, but for SystemVerilog</li><li>BSG Ten is a recent design featuring 10 RISC-V cores that will be taping out
-before the end of the year on a TSMC shuttle run.</li><li>Aim for 100% of the design will be open, including design files for the
-chip, PCB, BGA package, firmware.</li><li>BSG Ten has its own 5-stage RV32IM pipeline</li><li>Also working on &lsquo;Certus&rsquo;, a 16nm TSMC design featuring Rocket cores, a
-neural network accelerator, and the BSG I/O infrastructure.</li><li>Suggestion: RoCC interface should be wired to the toplevel of the Rocket
-hierarchy</li><li>Suggestion: The RISC-V community should have at least yearly stable
-end-to-end releases of full RISC-V stacks (Linux to Verilog)</li></ul><h2 id=updates-on-pulpino-florian-zaruba:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Updates on PULPino: Florian Zaruba</h2><ul><li>Imperio is the first ASIC implementation of PULPino, done in UMC 65nm.<br>Speed: 500MHz.</li><li>Area is 700kGE for the SoC and 40kGE for the core (1kGE = 1.44um2).</li><li>What is PULP? Parallel Ultra Low Power (platform).</li><li>PULPino is a much simplified version of PULP, featuring just 1 core, reduced
-interconnect and simplified cache design.</li><li>Have hardware loops, post-incrementing loads and stores and SIMD instruction
-extensions.</li><li>Over 20 companies and research institutes are using PULPino</li><li>PULPinov2 is targeted for Q12017. This features support for Verilator
-simulation, IP-XACT description, new peripherals (uDMA), new streamlined event
-unit, SDK, updated compiler, and improved documentation and tutorials</li><li>In the future, want to work on a secure PULPino capable of running SeL4</li><li>Working on a 10kGE or less RISC-V core. Evaluating 1 and 3-stage pipeline
-designs.</li><li>Want to explore heterogeneous configurations, featuring FPU and
-accelerators.</li><li>Find out more at the <a href=http://www.pulp-platform.org>PULP website</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=sifive-fe310-and-low-cost-hifive1-development-board-jack-kang:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>SiFive FE310 and low-cost HiFive1 development board: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company. Their business model is to build
-custom SoC designs for their customers. Customers give specs and/or IP and
-SiFive deliver packaged, tested chips.</li><li>Although a commercial company who may offer commercial licenses, they are
-committed to updating the open source rocket-chip implementation.</li><li>RISC-V chips are here: the Freedom E310. This features an RV32IMAC core.<br>320MHz+ on TSMC180G. 1.61DMIPS/MHz, 16K L1 I$, 16K data scratchpad, multiple
-power domains (supports low power standby). Comes in a 6x6 48-pin QFN</li><li>Claim to be 9x more power efficient than Intel Quark and 2x more power
-efficient than the ARM Cortex M0+.</li><li>The HiFive 1 is an Arduino compatible board for this chip. The board design
-and SDK is/will be open source. It&rsquo;s now up on
-<a href=https://www.crowdsupply.com/sifive/hifive1>CrowdSupply</a>. $59 will get you
-one board.</li><li>The RTL for their implementations presented at the last RISC-V workshop are
-now open source and <a href=https://github.com/sifive/freedom>up at GitHub</a>.</li><li>Question: how much (ballpark) might it cost to get 100 prototype chips? For
-Freedom Everywhere (microcontroller), looking at less than $100k depending on
-the level of customisation needed.</li><li>Question: what is the plan for getting the SiFive chips to be competitive
-with the Cortex-M4 and other designs from ARM? Answer: this will come in time
-with custom instructions, custom accelerators etc. The ability to customise
-will result in better performance/watt than any off the shelf solution.</li></ul><h2 id=rapid-silicon-prototyping-and-production-for-risc-v-socs-neil-hand:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Rapid silicon prototyping and production for RISC-V SoCs: Neil Hand</h2><ul><li>Need to support rapid evolution of IoT designs.</li><li>IoT class designs can be achieved in tens of k$.</li><li>All standards based, but not open source</li><li>A standard cell ASIC is typically 52-78 weeks, compared to 10 weeks for a
-Baysand Metal configurable standard cell.</li><li>Codasip have 3-stage and 5-stage implementations RISC-V implementations. The
-slide compares gate count and frequency vs Rocket and ZScale (watch out for
-the slides to be posted, I didn&rsquo;t get a chance to jot down the numbers)</li><li>Have a story for easy extensibility, adding new instructions and having a
-new SDK etc generated.</li><li>UltraSoC provides debug</li><li>LLVM is the glue that holds the solution together. They generate an LLVM
-compiler based on their processor model and any customer-defined extensions.</li><li>A test chip will be taping out very soon. Also exploring general
-availability for a dev-board</li><li>They are developing their own alternative to QEMU for their customers with a
-non-copyleft license.</li></ul><h2 id=extending-risc-v-for-application-specific-requirements-steve-cox:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Extending RISC-V for application-specific requirements: Steve Cox</h2><ul><li>Sometimes a pre-defined ISA is insufficient. May require an
-application-optimised ISA. e.g. the Google TPU</li><li>ASIP designer is a tool for automating ASIP design. The process can start
-with a pre-existing example model, e..g RISC-V</li><li>ASIP designer has been used in more than 250 unique SoC products</li><li>The speaker gives an example of a header compression accelerator. Start with
-a simple 3-stage RV32IM core. This is 24.5k gates on TSMC 28HPM at 500MHz and
-32GPRs.</li><li>First, consider instruction level parallelism. e.g. switching to a 2-slot
-VLIW. This reduced cycle could by 21% and increased gate count by 31%.</li><li>Next, try adding application-specific instructions. This reduced the code
-size by 56%, cycle count by 67%, and added 9% to the gate count (compared to
-the original baseline).</li><li>Next, try adding a compare immediate and branch instruction. This reduces
-code size by 8% and cycle count by 18% vs the previous result.</li></ul><h2 id=a-memory-model-for-risc-v-muralidaran-vijayaraghavan:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>A memory model for RISC-V: Muralidaran Vijayaraghavan</h2><ul><li>Why not SC/TSO? Simple implementations have low performance.</li><li>Why not the POWER/ARM models? Expose too many microarchitectural details and
-their axiomatic models are too complex</li><li>Why not RMO? The dependency requirements are too strict</li><li>Want a simple specification with the inclusion of sufficient fences to force
-sequential consistency behaviour when necessary</li><li>Which is why they&rsquo;ve introduced WMM: which has a simple operational
-specification like SC, TSO.</li><li>WMM introduces the conceptual device of an invalidation buffer. This holds
-stale values that may be read by a future load.</li><li>WMM has reconcile fences (clears the invalidation buffer) and commit fences
-(flushes the store buffer).</li><li>All instructions are committed in order, so stores cannot overtake loads.
-This prevents &lsquo;out of thin air&rsquo; generation of values</li><li>A write -back coherent cache hierarchy is typically global store atomic. SMT
-cores with L1 write-through caches aren&rsquo;t, so don&rsquo;t do it.</li><li>Mapping C++11 atomic operations to WMM is straight forward</li><li>Question: what is the difference to the programmer vs TSO? Answer: you would
-have to put a reconcile fence whenever you require load/load ordering</li></ul><h2 id=a-memory-consistency-model-for-risc-v-caroline-trippel:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>A Memory Consistency Model for RISC-V: Caroline Trippel</h2><ul><li>Princeton have been working on memory consistency model verification. This
-resulted in PipeCheck and CCICheck. Then implemented ArMOR, which worked to
-more precisely define memory models. COATCheck looks at how e.g. instructions
-that are executed as a result of page table walks interact with the memory
-model. Finally, TriCheck helps to verify the lowering of e.g. C++11 atomic
-constructs to the ISA level, as well as checking the ISA memory model and
-hardware memory model.</li><li>Have identified and characterised flaws in the current RISC-V memory model
-specification (ASPLOS&rsquo;17).</li><li>Two broad categories of memory model relaxation. Preserved program order
-(defines program orderings that hardware must preserve by default) and store
-atomicity (defines the order in which stores become visible to cores).</li><li>Propose tighter preserved program order and non-multi-copy store atomicity.</li><li>Why allow non-multiple-copy atomic stores? Commercial ISAs e.g. ARM, Power
-allow this, and RISC-V is intended to be integrated with other vendor ISAs on
-a shared memory system.</li><li>Want preserved program order to require same address read-read ordering</li><li>Want PPO to maintain order between dependent instructions</li><li>TriCheck compares high level language outcomes to ISA-level outcomes for a
-spectrum of legal ISA microarchitectures</li><li>The currently document RISC-V memory model lacks cumulative fences, which
-are needed for C/C++ acquire/release synchronisation</li><li>They have formulated an english language diff of the current spec with
-proposed changes, but are also working on a formal model.</li></ul><h2 id=trust-transparency-and-simplicity-eric-grosse:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Trust, transparency and simplicity: Eric Grosse</h2><ul><li>Know your adversary. Many of them might sometimes be your partner as well as
-your adversary (e.g. state actors). Notably, seems to be fairly little in the
-way of advanced corporate espionage from other companies.</li><li>Fix 1: secure communications. SSL, PGP etc</li><li>Fix 2: authentication. e.g. two-step authentication, hardware security
-devices</li><li>Fix 3: stay up to date with patches</li><li>The disclosure process in the hardware community is dramatically different
-than software. e.g. rowhammer was known to some hardware vendors well before
-the public disclosure.</li><li>Long standing practitioners&rsquo; wisdom: &ldquo;Complexity is the enemy of security&rdquo;</li><li>Modern systems aren&rsquo;t just incredibly complex, they&rsquo;re also largely
-undocumented.</li><li>A paranoid&rsquo;s choice of CPU? x86 with Qubes-OS on a NUC kit. Or Coreboot,
-u-root on Asus KGPE-D16 motherboard</li><li>For RISC-V, you have the critical advantage of openness - be sure to keep
-it. Please resist adding features lightly, or else consider removing others in
-compensation. Also consider a CHERI security extension, or tagged memory</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Rick gives another overview of the RISC-V Foundation, and reiterates that
-RISC-V is not an open source processor core but an open ISA specification. The
-Foundation will encourage both open source and proprietary implementations</li><li>Every year at least two RISC-V Foundation board seats will be up for
-election.</li><li>It&rsquo;s likely the end of year workshop each year will be in Silicon Valley,
-and the Spring/Summer workshop will move locations around the year</li><li>The board of directors was formed in Q2 2016, and the technical and
-marketing committees were formed in Q3 2016.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-marketing-committee-update-arun-thomas:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>RISC-V Marketing Committee update: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>The marketing committee mission: grow RISC-V mindshare and grow the RISC-V
-community</li><li>Activities include organising RISC-V workshops and tutorials, and RISC-V
-participation at industry events</li><li>Want to help create RISC-V educational materials for industry practitioners,
-researchers, and university students</li><li>The marketing committee has several task groups: RISC-V workshops, outreach,
-RISC-V content (creating riscv.org content and educational and marketing
-materials), and member content (promoting content from RISC-V Foundation
-members)</li><li>David Patterson announces both of his textbooks will have RISC-V editions</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-technical-committee-update-yunsup-lee:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>RISC-V Technical Committee update: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>Immediate goals:<ul><li>Maintain a roadmap of the RISC-V ISA</li><li>Provide and maintain a golden simulator for the RISC-V ISA</li><li>Provide and maintain a set of verification/validation tests to ensure
-conformance</li><li>To upstream software development tools (compiler, debugger etc)</li><li>To maintain and update a list of hardware implementations of the
-architecture</li></ul></li><li>Longer term goals<ul><li>Establish processes to define and standardise future ISA extensions</li><li>Provide guidelines for platform integration</li><li>Set up program committees for future RISC-V workshops</li></ul></li><li>Task groups: opcode space management, privileged ISA specification, formal
-specification, debug specification, security, vector extensions, software
-toolchain</li><li>By Feb, debug spec will be ratified by the foundation, calling convention
-fixed and documented, ELF format fixed and documented, priv-1.10.0</li><li>By November, ratify vector extension</li><li>Formal specification task group: Formal models written in L3, BSV and in Coq</li></ul><h2 id=free-chips-project-yunsup-lee:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Free Chips Project: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>A plan to launch a not-for-profit for hosting open-source RISC-V
-implementations, tools, and code</li><li>SiFive loves open source, believes it is essential to their mission.</li><li>The rocket-chip generator has had almost 4000 commits. 40% of all commits so
-far come from SiFive</li><li>SiFive contributions to the rocket-chip repository are made under the Apache
-v2 license.</li><li>SiFive added RV32I+M/A/F support, compressed support, blocking data cache,
-and data SRAM options</li><li>SiFive will publish a TileLink specification</li><li>SiFive recently implemented a library &lsquo;Diplomacy&rsquo; for parameter negotiation.
-Also added multi-clock support, clock crossings, and asynchronous reset flops</li><li>The SiFive blocks repository contains low-speed peripherals like SPI, UART,
-PWM, GPIO, PMU. These are written in Chisel with TileLink interfaces. It also
-includes wrappers for high-speed Xilinx FPGA peripherals</li><li>The SiFive Freedom repository has submodules for rocket-chip and
-sifive-blocks and top-level SoC integration glue code</li><li>The Free Chips project has a mission to be a home for open-source codebases
-to enable faster, better, cheaper chips. It will sustain and evolve
-open-source software tools and HDL code for SoC design. It will ensure free
-and open contributions are available to all of the SoC design community. It
-will manage publicly accessible, online repositories of source code,
-documentation and issues</li></ul><h2 id=128-bit-addressing-in-risc-v-and-security-steve-wallach:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>128-bit addressing in RISC-V and security: Steve Wallach</h2><ul><li>Aim for programming generality. Might have to recompile, but don&rsquo;t want to
-have to restructure your software.</li><li>Computer virtual addresses span to local disk only, while other identifiers
-such as MACs, URLs, IPv6 are globally unique. What if one unified name
-structure could be developed?</li><li>RV128I strawman. 64-bits are used for an object ID, and the other 64 bits
-used for a byte offset.</li><li>The object ID is a software or hardware structure considered to be worthy of
-a distinct name</li><li>Protection and memory management are independent</li><li>The machine that is simplest to program wins. User cycles are more important
-than CPU cycles</li></ul><h2 id=the-challenges-of-securing-and-authenticating-embedded-devices-derek-atkins:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>The challenges of securing and authenticating embedded devices: Derek Atkins</h2><ul><li>Why not just use symmetric encryption e.g. AES to secure your devices? It&rsquo;s
-hard to deploy and it doesn&rsquo;t scale (either have one key for many devices or a
-database of a huge number of keys)</li><li>Why do people think public key won&rsquo;t work? They think it&rsquo;s too big, too
-slow, or too power hungry.</li><li>Many of these beliefs are true, e.g. ECC execution time on Cortex-M ARM
-cores is 233-1089ms. Implementations range in 8-30KB of ROM and require
-800-3000B of RAM. Hardware implementations are faster, but take a lot of
-gates. RSA and Diffie-Hellman are larger and take longer</li><li>Fundamentally these overheads are there because a large number of 4086 bit
-numbers are multiplied</li><li>Group theoretic cryptography (GTC) offers a potential answer. Complexity
-scales linearly with security instead of quadratically like RSA, ECC etc</li><li>GTC can work with just 6-8 bit math</li><li>The Ironwood Key Agreement Protocol enables two endpoints to generated a
-shared secret over an open channel. The Walnut digital signature algorithm
-allows one device to generate a document that is verified by another.</li><li>When comparing WalnutDSA on a Rocket core, it compared very favourable to
-microECC. 4.9ms run-time vs 2110ms (458ms with multiply/divide).</li><li>WaltnutDSA written in RISC-V assembly achieved a 3.0ms run time</li><li>The C implementation currently runs faster on the ARM Cortex-M3</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-with-sanctum-enclaves-ilia-lebedev:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>RISC-V with Sanctum Enclaves: Ilia Lebedev</h2><ul><li>Today privilege implies trust (e.g. a hypervisor is privileged and so must
-be trusted). Sanctum decouples hardware protection from trust</li><li>Sanctum uses hardware-assisted isolation, offering strong privacy and
-integrity with low overhead</li><li>In remote software attestation, a trusted remote piece of hardware might
-measure (hash) and sign the software that is running. The remote user can then
-decides where to trust the certificate or not. Claim that prior work included
-too much software in their attestation</li><li>Intel recently introduced SGX, which allowed a process to be placed in an
-enclave. It aims to protect privacy and integrity of an enclave against a
-privileged software adversary. It also protects against some physical attacks,
-or instance by encrypting DRAM contents</li><li>There have been a number of side channel attacks demonstrated against SGX.<br>e.g. dirty bits on page tables, or cache timing attacks</li><li>Sanctum aims to protect against indirect tacks (such as cache timing
-attacks) as well as the direct attacks covered by SGX. It does not protect
-against physical access or fault injection</li><li>With Sanctum, the device manufacturer acts as a certificate authority</li><li>Sanctum has a small software TCB, a ~5KLoC machine-mode security monitor</li><li>The reference Sanctum implementation was built on the Rocket RISC-V
-implementation</li><li>Enclaves execute on private cores. i.e. it will never share L1 caches,
-register, branch target buffer, TLB</li><li>Sanctum also isolates physical memory. DRAM regions are defined, which are
-non-overlapping regions of memory assigned to certain enclaves</li><li>To isolate enclaves in the last level cache, allocate exclusively at a
-region granularity (see the slides and/or the Sanctum paper for a description
-of exactly how this works)</li><li>To provide hardware-assisted isolation, always maintain the invariant that
-entries in the TLB are safe and necessary invariants were checked while
-performing the page walk</li><li>Very small hardware overhead (50 gates for LLC address rotation, 600 gates
-for DMA whitelist). Roughly 2% area increase in total. Roughly 6% performance
-overhead in measurements</li></ul><h2 id=joined-up-debugging-and-analysis-in-the-risc-v-world-gajinder-panesar:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264>Joined up debugging and analysis in the RISC-V world: Gajinder Panesar</h2><ul><li>Need a vendor-neutral debug infrastructure, enabling access to different
-proprietary debug schemes used today by various cores</li><li>Need monitors into interconnects, interfaces, and custom logic which are
-run-time configurable with support for cross-triggering</li><li>UltraSoC provides silicon IP and tools for on-chip debug</li><li>As an example, consider a software-defined radio chip. Might want to track
-CPU cycles spent on compute vs cache stalls. Or you might track utilised DDR
-bandwidth over time.</li><li>UltraSoC monitors are non-intrusive by default</li><li>Has a portfolio of 30 modules. e.g. bus monitors, communications</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 30, 2016</time></address><p>Today is the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>fifth RISC-V
-workshop</a>. I&rsquo;ll be
-keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=opensoc-system-architect-farzad-fatollahi-fard:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2><ul><li>Current architectures are wasteful. Only a small fraction of chip area goes
-to computation.</li><li>For both GoblinCore and OpenHPC, ended up doing a lot of similar work to
-achieve only a point design. Why not make a generator to avoid repeating the
-same steps?</li><li>OpenSoC System Architect is a combination of multiple tools to form a
-well-defined development flow for complex RISC-V SoCs</li><li>Supports standard RISC-V modules and custom extensions</li><li>It outputs pre-verified Chisel for the SoC, synthesisable Verilog, and an
-LLVM compiler for the SoC</li><li>OpenSoC Fabric is an open-source, flexible, parameterised NoC generator. It
-integrates with a wide variety of existing processors, as well as IO devices.</li><li>Created a &lsquo;CoreGen&rsquo; IR. It allows automatic generation of HDL
-representations of the SoC and build LLVM compiler backend implementations of
-the SoC and any extensions.</li><li>The IR is stored on disk in well-formed XML</li><li>What&rsquo;s next? Better support for Chisel3, more integration with existing
-RISC-V tools and environment, frontend support to import existing
-Chisel/Verilog/SystemVerilog. Also want CoreGen as a standalone IR</li><li>See the website at <a href=http://www.opensoc.community/>http://www.opensoc.community/</a></li></ul><h2 id=v-vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanovic:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>V Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>The vector extension intends to scale to all reasonable design points
-(low-cost microcontroller or high-performance supercomputer). Support both
-implicit auto-vectorisation and explicit SPMD</li><li>Fit into the 32-bit encoding space, but be a base for future vector
-extensions (e.g. crypto algorithms)</li><li>The goal is to ratify a proposal 12 months from now, at the 7th workshop</li><li>Cray-style vectors. &ldquo;The right way&rdquo; to exploit SIMD parallelism (as opposed
-to the wrong way: GPUs or packed SIMD)</li><li>V has an implementation-dependent vector length, meaning the same code runs
-across different hardware without recompiling</li><li>Each vector data register is configured with a width and type, or disabled.
-There are also a configurable number of predicate registers. The maximum
-vector length is a function of configuration, physical register storage, and
-microarchitecture</li><li>There are a number of mandatory supported types. e.g. an RV32IF system must
-support X8, X16, X32, F16, F32. This means that scalar and vector half
-precision floating point is a requirement if you are supporting floating
-point.</li><li>Each vector data register has a 4-bit field in a CSR (or multiple CSRs)
-indicating its width, and another for its type.</li><li>A vcfgd CSR alias is defined to allow faster writes of common vector data
-configurations.</li><li>Most user code would use the setvl instruction (which is actually setting a
-CSR).</li><li>A 16-bit+32-bit vector addition is pleasingly straight forward to specify in
-assembly</li><li>The architecture guarantees a minimum vector length of four regardless of
-configuration. This means 1KB SRAM is required as a minimum</li><li>A polymorphic instruction encoding is used. A single signed integer ADD
-opcode works on different size inputs and outputs, depending on the
-configuration of its inputs.</li><li>There is support for vector atomics (e.g. vector fetch-and-add).</li><li>For vector function calls (e.g. in auto-vectorised code) you want to make
-vector calls to a function library with separate vector calling convention.
-The caller has to allocate registers for the callee to use. It sets the
-maximum width, allowing the callee to change the vctype as needed.</li><li>For OpenCL/CUDA/SPMD, the configuration must be set at kernel launch to the
-maximum width used anywhere in the call tree. It needs a general vector
-function call capability with standard callee/caller save protocol</li><li>Krste argues autovectorisation is much preferable to OpenCL or CUDA.</li><li>Question: are you interested in smaller types (e.g. 4-bit). Answer: yes,
-also interested in non-power-of-two types</li><li>Question about the calling convention: the vector configuration state is
-assumed to be caller-saved (including the vector register file), meaning the
-scalar ABI is unmodified</li></ul><h2 id=towards-thousand-core-risc-v-shared-memory-systems-quan-nguyen:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Towards Thousand-Core RISC-V Shared Memory Systems: Quan Nguyen</h2><ul><li>Tardis is a new cache coherency protocol with greater scalability than
-traditional directory coherence protocols.</li><li>Tardis enforces consistency through timestamps, using logical leases</li><li>It only tracks the exclusive owner of any particular cache line, requiring
-only O(log N) storage. No broadcast invalidations, and timestamps aren&rsquo;t tied
-to the core count. There is no need for synchronised real-time clocks</li><li>They are building a thousand-core prototype. Fit as many cores as possible
-on a ZC706 FPGA, the connect in a 3D mesh to demonstrate at scale.</li><li>Want to adapt Tardis for release consistency (rather than sequential
-consistency), and Quan introduces how they have started to do this by
-introducing new timestamps</li></ul><h2 id=scrx-a-family-of-state-of-the-art-risc-v-synthesizable-cores-alexander-redkin:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>SCRx: a family of state-of-the art RISC-V synthesizable cores: Alexander Redkin</h2><ul><li>Syntacore develops and licenses energy-efficient programmable cores
-implementing the RISC-V ISA</li><li>SCRx is the family of RISC-V implementations, now available for evaluation.
-Each core can be extended and customised</li><li>The smallest core, SCR1 is less than 20kgates in a basic untethered
-configuration.</li><li>SCR3 is a high-performance MCU core with up to 1.7DMIPS/MHz,
-3.16CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>SCR4 is an MCU core with a high-performance FPU.</li><li>SCR5 is an efficient mid-range embedded core. Full MMU with Linux support.
-1GHz+ at 28nm, and 1.5+DMIPS/MHz per core.</li><li>In the near term, want to support the latest privileged spec, adding trace
-debug</li></ul><h2 id=enabling-hardware-software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm-alex-bradbury:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Enabling hardware/software co-design with RISC-V and LLVM: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>I&rsquo;ll try and write something up for the blog later, but for now see my
-slides
-<a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm>here</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=vm-threads-an-alternative-model-for-virtual-machines-on-risc-vm-ron-minnich:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>VM threads: an alternative model for virtual machines on RISC-VM: Ron Minnich</h2><ul><li>Akaros is a research kernel originally from UC Berkeley.</li><li>One core idea is the &lsquo;multi core process&rsquo;. This can be thought of as a set
-of cores assigned an entity to a program.</li><li>How do VMs fit into the Akaros model. A VM could be kind of a process.</li><li>Look back at how we start a process. With the introduction of fork(), it
-became easy and clean. But its introduction was controversial.</li><li>Virtualisation on Linux/BSD/Unix requires a device (e.g. /dev/kvm). This
-typically requires daemons who are used to interact with the device. In
-Akaros, they did not want to recreate this.</li><li>Can we just run a virtual machine like we do a thread? Introduce
-<code>vthread_create</code>. In Akaros, they have extended the thread model to include
-virtual machine threads.</li><li>Virtual machine threads (vthreads) can run Linux 4.8 (with 12 lines of
-patches) and any code that shares the host ring 3 address space.</li><li>Ring 3 and Ring V share and address space. Ring V is limited to 2^46 bytes,
-while ring 3 is in a 2^47 byte address space.</li><li>VM threads are integrated tightly into the kernel.</li><li>On x86, Akaros pairs page table roots and page table pages. Page table pages
-are 2x4k pages, with the process PTP in the lower 4K and the VM PTP in the
-upper 4K. This makes it trivial to convert the two.</li><li>It is significantly easier to write virtual machine managers in Akaros than
-with the Linux model</li><li>Akaros VMS are unlike any other VMs - threads can easily switch from being a
-VM to being a host thread</li><li>Kernels also look like threads, and spinning up a core looks like CPU
-hotplug, accomplished by spinning up a vthread with IP at the 64-bit entry
-point.</li><li>There are a variety of implications and questions for RISC-V. How will
-RISC-V handle nested paging? Can we avoid massive shadow state. How about
-injecting interrupts without a vmexit?</li><li>RISC-V is a chance to enable software innovation. We shouldn&rsquo;t get locked
-into &ldquo;but we&rsquo;ve always done it this way&rdquo;.</li></ul><h2 id=enabling-low-power-smartphone-like-graphical-uis-for-risc-v-socs-michael-gielda:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Enabling low-power, smartphone-like graphical UIs for RISC-V SoCs: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Industrial/embedded UIs mostly look bad, but also have terribly user
-experience</li><li>For better UIs you mostly have to jump to Android or Linux - there&rsquo;s a lack
-of a middle ground</li><li>For a previous project, produced a mobile-like GUI experience targeting an
-MCU (STM32F4).</li><li>With the right approach and tools, embedded GUIs can be beautiful too</li><li>Their library was written in C++, with support for layers+formats. It has
-its own font engine for kerning, anti-aliasing etc.</li><li>The GUI is specified in XML and has its own minimal CSS</li><li>Initially developed for eCos RTOS, and has an initial port for FreeRTOS. Can
-also run on Linux.</li><li>To prototype on a Zynq, implemented &lsquo;micro blender&rsquo; for blending, filling,
-scaling etc. This was written in Chisel.</li><li>Software-driven IP (silicon) is possible (and advisable!)</li></ul><h2 id=a-fast-instruction-set-simulator-for-risc-v-maxim-maslov:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>A Fast Instruction Set Simulator for RISC-V: Maxim Maslov</h2><ul><li>Esperanto is a stealth mode startup designing chips with RISC-V</li><li>Wanted a fast RISC-V ISA simulator capable of running large applications
-with minimal slowdown</li><li>[Sorry folks, I had to duck out for a quick discussion - see the
-<a href=https://riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Wed1330-Fast-ISA-Simulator-for-RISC-V-Maslov-Esperanto.pdf>slides</a>]</li></ul><h2 id=go-on-rv64g-benjamin-barenblat-and-michael-pratt:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Go on RV64G: Benjamin Barenblat and Michael Pratt</h2><ul><li>Why RISC-V? Better architecture, lower power, faster processing, easier
-accelerator development. RISC-V is not going away</li><li>The Go toolchain is complex. It has its own compiler, assembler (and
-assembly language), and linker</li><li>Getting close, but the runtime doesn&rsquo;t quite compile. Hope to get it working
-in the next few months.</li><li>In the mean time, relatively simple go programs will compile and run</li><li>It&rsquo;s been mostly good. One pain-point has been that other Go ports don&rsquo;t
-target architectures with good conditional branches so had to emulate a flag
-register. Another gripe is that loading 64-bit constants is a pain.</li><li>Within a couple of months you should be able to compile real Go programs and
-have them run on RISC-V</li></ul><h2 id=a-java-virtual-machine-for-risc-v-porting-the-jikes-rvm-martin-maas:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>A Java Virtual Machine for RISC-V: Porting the Jikes RVM: Martin Maas</h2><ul><li>Why do a JVM port? Both to run interesting applications, and for research
-(e.g. hardware support for GCed languages)</li><li>Porting OpenJDK/Hotspot for high performance, and the Jikes research VM for
-academic work. This talk will focus on Jikes</li><li>Jikes is itself written in Java</li><li>JVMs have a large number of dependencies, so use the riscv-poky Linux
-distribution generator to build a cross-compiled SDK and Linux image.</li><li>While developing, add assertions everywhere to fail as early as possible</li><li>Allowed the JIT to selectively emit instructions that dump trace output</li><li>Booting JikesRVM is no easy task (there a <em>lot</em> to do in order to get to
-hello world)</li><li>The non-optimising JIT compiler is mostly feature-complete. Passes <sup>65</sup>&frasl;<sub>68</sub>
-core tests. Targets RV64G</li></ul><h2 id=yopuzzle-an-open-v-development-platform-the-next-generation-elkim-roa:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>YoPuzzle - an Open-V development platform the next generation: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>&lsquo;Open source&rsquo; hardware. Raspberry Pi have sold 10 million boards, Arduino
-sold 4.5 million boards (estimated). Some predictions indicate the market will
-be worth over $1B within the next four years. These are based on commercial,
-closed-source silicon</li><li>OnChip UIS have developed an open 32-bit RISC-V based microcontroller. To
-test the initial silicon, used chip-on-board</li><li>RV32IM with a 3-stage pipeline. On TSMC 130nm GP. Die area 2.1mm x 2.1mm.</li><li>The Microprocessor core is 0.12mm2, max freq 200MHz, core voltage 1.2V, core
-dynamic power at 100MHz is 167uW/MHz (all peripheral clocks disabled)</li><li>Arduino is mostly aimed at children in secondary schools. But what about
-1-10 year olds?</li><li>The Open-V microcontroller is up on crowdsupply, trying to raise funds to
-produce 70k chips. Aim to do the second tapeout in Q1 2017, and produce puzzle
-boards in Q2 2018.</li><li>Elkim showed a neat live demo of the OnChip prototype along with a
-browser-based programming environment</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-community-needs-peripheral-cores-elkim-roa:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>The RISC-V community needs peripheral cores: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>It&rsquo;s good to have an open ISA, but what about the peripherals? e.g. PHYs,
-bus IP, clocking circuitry, GPIO</li><li>Open hardware would translate into quality (Linux) drivers</li><li>There is no standard for GPIO. Want to have standard features (e.g.
-switching speed, current drive) with a standard interface.</li><li>The OnChip peripherals use AMBA buses</li><li>Have a synthesizable CDR and PLL</li><li>Are working on USB 3.1 gen 2, including the analog frontend.</li><li>Have also been working on &lsquo;chipscope&rsquo; and offset correction</li><li>Also working on LPDDR3. PCS is done, working on UVM IP</li><li>Have a fully synthesised true-random noise generator, and working on NVRAM
-on CMOS</li><li>Suggestion: have a common listing of recommended IP (e.g. SPI, I2C, USB PHY
-etc).</li></ul><h2 id=sub-microsecond-adaptive-voltage-scaling-in-a-28nm-risc-v-socs-ben-keller:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Sub-microsecond Adaptive Voltage Scaling in a 28nm RISC-V SoCs: Ben Keller</h2><ul><li>Energy efficiency is critical in mobile applications</li><li>Faster adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) saves more energy, especially for
-bursty workloads</li><li>State of the art SoCs cannot achieve fine-grained AVS because they use
-off-chip regulators</li><li>Integrate switch-cap regulators entirely on-die.</li><li>Need adaptive clock generation</li><li>The tape-out (~2 years ago) featured a version of Rocket. 16K I$, 32K D$, no
-L2. It also feature a version of Hwacha</li><li>Use a Z-scale core for the power management unit</li><li>Taped out in 28nm FD-SOI. Die area 3.03mm2, with the core area 1.07mm2. 568K
-standard cells</li><li>Achieved 41.8 DP GFLOPS/W</li><li>Body bias can be tuned to optimise efficiency for different workloads</li><li>Integrated voltage regulation provided 82-89% system efficiency with
-adaptive clocking</li><li>Sub-microsecond adaptive voltage scaling provided up to 40% energy savings
-with negligible performance loss</li><li>Will now talk about the Berkeley interpretation of &lsquo;agile&rsquo; hardware
-development. See &ldquo;An Agile Approach to Building RISC-V Microprocessors&rdquo;, MICRO
-2016.</li><li>&lsquo;Tape-ins&rsquo; before &lsquo;tape-outs&rsquo;. Sprint to an initial design that is
-feature-incomplete but functional, put it through the tools etc and shake out
-the issues with the VLSI flow. Then iteratively add features.</li><li>There have been 13 Berkeley RISC-V tapeouts in the last 5 years</li></ul><h2 id=reprogrammable-redundancy-for-cache-vmin-reduction-in-a-28nm-risc-v-processor-brian-zimmer:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a>Reprogrammable Redundancy for Cache Vmin Reduction in a 28nm RISC-V Processor: Brian Zimmer</h2><ul><li>Voltage scaling is effective in reducing energy consumption, and SRAM limits
-the minimum operating voltage</li><li>Instead of preventing errors, tolerate errors. A significant reduction in
-the minimum voltage is possibly by tolerating 1000s of errors per MB of SRAM</li><li>There&rsquo;s been lots of work on the circuit-level for preventing errors, and at
-the architectural level for tolerating errors</li><li>Goal for the chip is to prove that SRAM Vmin can be effectively lowered by
-tolerating a reasonable number of failing bitcells</li><li>Built on Rocket and modified caches to add reprogrammable redundancy, ECC,
-and BIST</li><li>Implemented three techniques: dynamic column redundancy (avoid single-bit
-errors in data SRAM), line disable (avoid <code>&gt;=</code> 2 bit errors in data SRAM), and
-bit bypass (avoid all errors in tag SRAM)</li><li>The system architecture involves three voltage domains. One for the uncore,
-one for the core, and another for the L2 cache</li><li>Reprogrammable redundancy is fairly straight-forward to add to the L1, but
-ECC is more difficult. The ECC decoding is pipelined. If an error is detected,
-the operation is recycled</li><li>There is a 2% area overhead for the L2.</li><li>Fabricated prototype is TSMC 28nm HPM.</li><li>The proposed techniques achieve 25% average Vmin reduction (and 49% power
-reduction) in the L2 for a 2% area overhead</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html b/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html
index 225e8b6e..6bf272fa 100644
--- a/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html
+++ b/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Q&#43;A &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Q&#43;A</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 9, 2016</time></address><p>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to
-Hacker News. The <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13129076">comment
-thread</a> became something of an
-impromptu Q+A about our project direction and status. I thought it was worth
-linking to it here and highlighting the discussion for a wider audience. If
-you have any additional questions, then feel free to comment on this blog post
-or else, as always, drop by our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/>mailing list</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html b/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html
index e8e0796e..477104df 100644
--- a/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html
@@ -1,51 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>February 1, 2017</time></address><p>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes
-place at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. However, we&rsquo;re far
-from the only open source hardware activity at the University. Our colleagues
-on the NetFPGA project have an open source design challenge that many readers
-of this blog might be interested in. See the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netfpga/challenge2017/>design challenge
-website</a>, or read
-below for more details:</p><pre><code>We are pleased to announce the 2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge!
-
-NetFPGA platforms are used by the networked systems community for close to 
-a decade. The platforms enable researchers and instructors to build 
-high-speed, hardware-accelerated networking systems. The platforms can be used 
-by researchers to prototype advanced services for next-generation networked 
-systems. By using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), NetFPGA enables new 
-types of packet routing circuits to be implemented and detailed measurements 
-of network traffic to be obtained.
-
-The NetFPGA 2017 contest is a design challenge. The design teams are to 
-produce a working implementation employing any HW and SW design methodology 
-and targeting the NetFPGA SUME platform. The deadline for submissions is April 
-13th, 2017. The winners will be announced at the NetFPGA Developers Summit 
-(Thursday 20th - Friday, 21st April, 2017 Cambridge, UK).
-
-Challenge: Lowest Latency Switch
-
-Low latency devices are being increasingly used across a large number of 
-applications. Low latency solutions are few, and are rarely open source. The 
-goal of this challenge is to provide a usable, high performance, open source 
-alternative to use by universities and organizations who need the flexibility 
-of open source.  The systems will be evaluated using OSNT, an Open Source 
-Network Tester. Test benches will be available online, for users to experiment 
-and independently evaluate their design. The competition is open to students 
-of all levels (undergraduate and postgraduate), as well as to non students. 
-There is no need to own a NetFPGA SUME platform to take part in the 
-competition although, clearly, development and testing will be made easier if 
-you have access to this platform.  
-
-Team Prizes:
-First place: £500
-Best students project: £500
-
-The winning projects and runner ups will be invited to present their work 
-at the NetFPGA Developers Summit 2017.  All challenge participants are keenly 
-encouraged to attend the NetFPGA Developers Summit and are entitled to a 
-reduced registration rate.
-
-The design challenge prizes are generously 
-supported by IMC http://www.imc.nl/
-</code></pre></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html b/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html
index 03f6f28f..a97f1439 100644
--- a/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html
@@ -1,15 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Apply now for GSoC 2017 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Apply now for GSoC 2017</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>March 27, 2017</time></address><p>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring
-organisation in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of
-Code</a>, now for the third year running.
-If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during
-the summer, then take a look at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2017-ideas/>the lowRISC ideas
-list</a> and
-<a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>apply</a>.
-The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in
-ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them <a href=https://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>on our
-discussion
-list</a>
-for feedback before making a proposal.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html b/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html
index c9913954..4f789c5e 100644
--- a/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html
@@ -1,16 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 9, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>lowRISC 0.4 milestone release</a>
-is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>accompanying
-documentation</a>, but in summary this
-release:</p><ul><li>Moves forward our support for tagged memory by re-integrating the tag cache,
-reducing overhead with a <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_cache/>hierarchical scheme</a>.
-This will significantly reduce caches misses caused by tagged memory accesses
-where tags are distributed sparsely.</li><li>Integrates support for specifying and configuring <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_core/>tag propagation and
-exception behaviour</a>.</li><li>A <a href=http://www.pulp-platform.org/>PULPino</a> based &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; has been
-integrated, and is used to provide peripherals such as the SD card
-interface, keyboard, and VGA tex display (when using the Nexys4 DDR FPGA
-development board).</li></ul><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
-repository</a>, or discuss on our
-<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing list</a>. As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html b/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html
index 8fb1c0f3..b4087956 100644
--- a/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html
@@ -1,32 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 5, 2017</time></address><p>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain.
-You might use the build system from the
-<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-tools>riscv/riscv-tools repository</a>, or
-investigate toolchain generators such as
-<a href=http://crosstool-ng.github.io/>crosstool-ng</a>. However in the case of
-riscv-tools, it&rsquo;s not always clear how this corresponds to the code in the
-relevant upstream projects. When investigating a potential bug, you often just
-want to build the latest upstream code with as little fuss as possible. For
-distribution purposes you&rsquo;d probably want to perform a proper multi-stage
-build, but for a quick test you might find the following recipe useful:</p><pre><code>git clone --depth=1 git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git gcc
-git clone --depth=1 git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git
-git clone --depth=1 git://sourceware.org/git/newlib-cygwin.git
-mkdir combined
-cd combined
-ln -s ../newlib-cygwin/* .
-ln --force -s ../binutils-gdb/* .
-ln --force -s ../gcc/* .
-mkdir build
-cd build
-../configure --target=riscv32-unknown-elf --enable-languages=c \
---disable-shared --disable-threads --disable-multilib --disable-gdb \
---disable-libssp --with-newlib \
---with-arch=rv32ima --with-abi=ilp32 --prefix=$(pwd)/built
-make -j$(nproc)
-make install
-</code></pre><p>This will produce a newlib toolchain targeting RV32IMA in the <code>built/</code>
-subdirectory. When files are duplicated in the newlib, binutils and gcc
-repositories, the gcc version takes precedence.</p><p>Major credit to everyone who worked on getting these toolchain
-ports upstream (Kito Cheng, Palmer Dabbelt, and others).</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html b/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html
index 5d30ee6d..d9581256 100644
--- a/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html
@@ -1,22 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 19, 2017</time></address><p>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC
-team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as an intern.
-Katherine&rsquo;s focus was on operating system and software enabled for lowRISC&rsquo;s
-tagged memory, building upon our
-<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>most recent milestone release</a>.
-As Katherine&rsquo;s <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/>detailed write-up</a> demonstrates,
-it&rsquo;s been a very productive summer.</p><p>The goal of this internship was to take the lowRISC hardware release, and
-demonstrate kernel support and software support for the hardware tagged memory
-primitives. This includes support for context-switch of the <code>tagctrl</code> register
-used to configure tag rules, maintaining tags in pages upon copy-on-write,
-delivering tag exceptions to user space, loading tags from ELF binaries, and
-more. It culminated in a demonstration that pulls these various pieces of work
-together, showing how tagged memory can be used to mark valid branch targets.
-Read the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/>report</a> for full
-details.</p><p>We believe there is a rich design space in hardware support for tagged memory
-and tag-based software policies. This operating system enablement work is an
-important part of exploring that space, and in making it easier for other
-groups to do the same.</p><p>If working on problems like this sounds interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news
-- <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/><strong>we&rsquo;re hiring</strong></a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury and Katherine Lim</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html b/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html
index 1194b58a..f1719ea7 100644
--- a/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html
@@ -1,104 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 27, 2017</time></address><p>A high quality, upstream RISC-V backend for LLVM is perhaps the most
-frequently requested missing piece of the RISC-V software ecosystem. This
-blog post provides an update on the rapid progress we&rsquo;ve been making towards
-that goal, outlines next steps and upcoming events, and tries to better
-explain the approach that we&rsquo;re taking.
-As always, you
-can track status <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/llvm/status/>here</a> and find the code
-<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm>here</a>.</p><h2 id=status:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Status</h2><p>I&rsquo;ve been able to make substantial progress since the <a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-August/116709.html>last
-update</a>.</p><h3 id=rv32:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>RV32</h3><p>100% of the GCC torture suite passes for RV32I at -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, and -Os
-(after masking gcc-only tests). MC-layer (assembler) support for RV32IMAFD has
-now been implemented, as well as code generation for RV32IM.</p><h3 id=rv64:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>RV64</h3><p>This is the biggest change versus my last update. LLVM recently gained support
-for parameterising backends by register size, which allows code duplication to
-be massively reduced for architectures like RISC-V. As planned, I&rsquo;ve gone
-ahead and implemented RV64I MC-layer and code generation support making use of
-this feature. I&rsquo;m happy to report that 100% of the GCC torture suite passes
-for RV64I at O1, O2, O3 and Os (and there&rsquo;s a single compilation failure at
-O0). I&rsquo;m very grateful for Krzysztof Parzyszek&rsquo;s (QUIC) work on variable-sized
-register classes, which has made it possible to parameterise the backend on
-XLEN in this way. That LLVM feature was actually motivated by requirements of
-the Hexagon architecture - I think this is a great example of how we can all
-benefit by contributing upstream to projects, even across different ISAs.</p><h3 id=other-activities:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Other activities</h3><ul><li>Community members Luís Marques and David Craven have been experimenting with
-D and Rust support respectively.</li><li>Andes Technology have started working to contribute to this effort, and are
-putting together patches for compressed instruction set support. This is a
-really positive move and I hope others will follow their lead.</li></ul><h3 id=development-stats:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Development stats</h3><ul><li>The &lsquo;reference&rsquo; <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm>patch queue</a> consists
-of 48 patches, modifying 128 files and inserting over 11500 lines to the LLVM
-and Clang codebases. Close to 50% of these lines are new tests.</li><li>Other activities:<ul><li>8 committed patches to LLVM in areas other than lib/Target/RISCV
-(cleanups, support code, documentation improvements, bug fixes) with 5 more
-making their way through the review process.</li><li>2 GCC/binutils bugs reported</li><li>RISC-V <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-elf-psabi-doc/blob/master/riscv-elf.md>psABI
-doc</a>:
-Authored 7 merged commits, 13 issues filed.</li></ul></li></ul><p>I&rsquo;d like to thank <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm#credits>everyone</a>
-who has contributed code review, feedback, or suggestions so far, as well as
-our industrial sponsor.</p><h2 id=approach-and-philosophy:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Approach and philosophy</h2><p>As enthusiastic supporters of RISC-V, I think we all want to see a huge range
-of RISC-V core implementations, making different trade-offs or targeting
-different classes of applications. But we <em>don&rsquo;t</em> want to see that variety in
-the RISC-V ecosystem result in dozens of different vendor-specific compiler
-toolchains and a fractured software ecosystem. Unfortunately most work on LLVM
-for RISC-V has been invested in private/proprietary code bases or short-term
-prototypes. The work described in this post has been performed out in the open
-from the start, with a strong focus on code quality, testing, and on moving
-development upstream as quickly as possible - i.e. a solution for the long term.</p><p>My implementation approach has been to first work towards a cleanly designed
-and well tested RV32I baseline compiler. Once the fundamentals are solid, it
-is <em>significantly</em> easier to add in new features, optimisations, or indeed
-customisations for different RISC-V variants. This careful approach has
-enabled the rapid progress of the past few weeks. I would summarise this
-approach as:</p><ol><li>Ensuring (to the extent possible) that correct code is always generated for
-a simple RV32I baseline</li><li>Expand that baseline to support more RISC-V ISA variants (RV{32,64}IMA and
-later FD)</li><li>Push forwards on optimisations (generated code quality) and compiler
-feature support. Part of this work is moving to larger scale test programs and
-benchmarks in order to maintain confidence about the correctness of generated
-code.</li></ol><p>This project is currently in the process of moving from point 2) to point 3)
-on the list above. As it stands, you will benefit from LLVM&rsquo;s many middle-end
-optimisations, but the final code generation stage has seen little work
-focused on the performance of generated code. With a high quality base now in
-place, adding these optimisations can be done relatively easily.</p><p>If you want to see first-class support for RISC-V in LLVM, now is the time to
-get involved and help make it happen.</p><h2 id=roadmap-and-upcoming-events:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Roadmap and upcoming events</h2><p>My aim is to have Clang and LLVM developed to serve as a competitive
-alternative to GCC on RISC-V by the end of the calendar year. If the RISC-V
-community works together, this is an achievable goal.</p><p>My near-term goals are:</p><ul><li>Expand testing for RV64. There are rather few RV64 unit tests right now
-because parameterising the backend by XLEN mostly &ldquo;just worked&rdquo;.</li><li>Go through the implementation again (particularly recently added code) to
-look for further cleanup or refactoring opportunities, then propose to merge
-it upstream.</li><li>Once I&rsquo;m happy with the implementation approach for the most recently added
-features, move the 5.0-based
-<a href=http://github.com/lowrisc/riscv-llvm-integration>riscv-llvm-integration</a>
-tree forwards.</li><li>Review patches from contributors such as Andes and help to support language
-port efforts.</li></ul><p>Focus areas after that include:</p><ul><li>Clang toolchain driver, MAFD codegen and ABI support</li><li>Benchmarking vs RISC-V GCC and generated code quality improvements</li><li>Documentation, expanded test cases, and improved compiler testing tooling</li></ul><p>I&rsquo;ve mapped out a number of TODO items
-<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/issues>here</a>.</p><p>I&rsquo;m pleased to report that my proposal for a RISC-V &ldquo;birds of a feather&rdquo;
-session at the <a href=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2017-10/#bof4>upcoming LLVM Dev
-Meeting</a> (Oct 18th) was accepted. You
-should definitely attend this event if you are an LLVM developer working on an
-out-of-tree RISC-V backends or are looking to get involved (representatives
-from several companies in that position are already confirmed as attending).
-We&rsquo;re also looking to run a longer working/hacking session the day before, at
-a San Jose location. More details on both events will be circulated shortly.</p><h2 id=faq:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>FAQ</h2><h3 id=do-you-care-about-performance-of-generated-code-and-code-size:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Do you care about performance of generated code and code size?</h3><p>Like any compiler developer, of course. Starting with a solid and well tested
-base is the best way of achieving those aims. We&rsquo;re now in a position where we
-can push forwards on these fronts, which will will soon become a primary focus
-of this development effort.</p><h3 id=i-have-a-risc-v-llvm-fork-which-works-for-me-why-should-i-care-about-an-upstream-backend:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>I have a RISC-V LLVM fork which works for me, why should I care about an upstream backend?</h3><p>This is ultimately a question about long-term maintenance and sharing the
-support burden with others in the RISC-V ecosystem. By working together and
-pooling our development efforts, we can unlock the benefits of the open source
-approach. Contributing to this effort is almost definitely the right long-term
-choice for your project. If you want to discuss how to contribute, please drop
-me an email or come along to the upcoming birds of a feather session.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-difference-between-this-and-other-risc-v-llvm-efforts:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>What is the difference between this and other RISC-V LLVM efforts?</h3><p>This effort is focused on high code quality, long term maintainability, and in
-getting development merged in to upstream LLVM. Andes have recently released a
-private development tree to the public. That tree was was based on an early
-version of the lowRISC patchset, but diverged significantly in terms of
-implementation approach. Andes are now working to submit patches to this
-effort.</p><h3 id=who-are-you:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Who are you?</h3><p>I (Alex Bradbury) am a co-founder and director of lowRISC CIC, where this
-development work has been taking place. I have been developing LLVM backends
-for the past seven years, and am now upstream code owner for the RISC-V
-backend. If you&rsquo;re interested in LLVM, you are hopefully already familiar with
-my <a href=http://llvmweekly.org/>LLVM Weekly</a> newsletter.</p><h3 id=why-is-lowrisc-interested-in-llvm:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Why is lowRISC interested in LLVM?</h3><p>lowRISC is a not-for-profit created to push forward open source hardware by
-developing a secure, open, and flexible SoC design. Enabling custom hardware
-and derivative designs is about much more than shipping RTL with an open
-source license - hardware is of little use without the software infrastructure
-in place to support it. A high quality and easy to modify LLVM backend is
-important for potential lowRISC adopters, but also benefits our own hardware
-development efforts. Specifically, we will be building the software component
-of our tagged memory mechanisms on top of LLVM. If our mission sounds
-interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news - <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>we&rsquo;re
-hiring</a>.</p><h3 id=who-do-i-contact-to-discuss-further-sponsoring-this-effort:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0>Who do I contact to discuss further sponsoring this effort?</h3><p>If your company would like to see lowRISC&rsquo;s work on RISC-V LLVM be sustained
-or expanded through 2018, then contributing development time and/or
-sponsorship is the best way to do this. Please contact asb@lowrisc.org to
-discuss further.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/index.html b/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/index.html
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--- a/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/index.html
@@ -1,29 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 18, 2017</time></address><p>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and
-help make our vision for an open source, secure, and flexible SoC a reality.
-<a href=https://lowrisc.workable.com/j/DBAC61322F>Apply now</a>!</p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote
-and support the use of open-source hardware. The lowRISC project was
-established in 2014 with the aim of bringing the benefits of open-source to
-the hardware world. It is working to do this by producing a high quality,
-secure, open, and flexible System-on-Chip (SoC) platform. lowRISC C.I.C. also
-provides hardware and software services to support the growing RISC-V
-ecosystem. Our expertise includes the LLVM Compiler, hardware security
-extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and processor design.</p><p>The successful candidate will be interested in computer architecture and
-hardware design. The primary focus of the role will be the development of the
-lowRISC SoC platform, which will involve work to evaluate and extend our
-current design including our general-purpose tagged-memory system. lowRISC is
-an ambitious project with a small core team, so you will be heavily involved
-in the project&rsquo;s development direction. This role will involve frequent work
-with external contributors and collaborators. While much of the work will be
-at the hardware level the post will offer experience of the full
-hardware/software stack, higher-level simulation tools and architectural
-design issues.</p><p>Some practical experience of hardware design with a HDL such as
-Verilog/SystemVerilog is essential, as is a good knowledge of the HW/SW stack.
-Ideally, candidates will also have experience or demonstrated interest in some
-of: SoC design, large-scale open source development, hardware or software
-security, technical documentation, board support package development and
-driver development. Industrial experience and higher degree levels are valued,
-but we would be happy to consider an enthusiastic recent graduate with a
-strong academic record.</p><p>Informal enquires should be made to Alex Bradbury <a href=mailto:asb@lowrisc.org>asb@lowrisc.org</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/index.html b/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/index.html
index 72eae485..ee07f0a1 100644
--- a/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/index.html
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@@ -1,18 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 5, 2017</time></address><p>This year, as part of <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/>Google Summer of
-Code</a> we had the pleasure of
-working with Nikitas Chronas. Alongside his degree studies, Nikitas had become
-involved with the <a href=https://libre.space/>Libre Space Foundation</a> and developed
-a strong interest in the possibility of open source hardware in
-<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat>CubeSats</a>. Fault tolerance of some
-sort is important for harsh environments, and Nikitas worked to add fault
-tolerance through the implementation of <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockstep_(computing)>core
-lockstep</a> for the
-PULPino-based minion
-core subsystem. This was a really successful project which ended up
-making contributions in areas beyond the core lockstep focus:
-documentation, code quality, support for the Arty FPGA development board, and
-even prototyping a code generation mechanism. See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2017/core-lockstep/>detailed write-up</a>
-for all the details, and below for the all-important blinky lights demo.</p><iframe src=https://giphy.com/embed/26vIg6cZFMWvi6AbS width=480 height=401 frameborder=0 class=giphy-embed allowfullscreen></iframe></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html b/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
index d7377c82..d7c839a6 100644
--- a/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
+++ b/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
@@ -1,263 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 28, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>seventh RISC-V
-workshop</a> is going
-on today and tomorrow at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be
-keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Follow <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>here</a> for the
-day two live blog.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Workshop is sold out, 498 attendees registered representing 138 companies
-and 35 universities.</li><li>There will be 47 sessions squeezed into 12 and 24 minute increments, plus 26
-poster / demo sessions.</li><li>The 8th RISC-V workshop will be held on May 7th-10th at the Barcelona
-Supercomputing Center and Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.</li><li>Rick gives a refresher on the structure of the RISC-V Foundation.</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation now has only 100 members (including individual
-members).</li><li>We&rsquo;re on a <em>tight</em> schedule today. No applause and no questions!</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Krste gives a rapid overview of the RISC-V ISA.</li><li>RISC-V aims to be simple, clean-slate, modular, and stable.</li><li>RISC-V started in May 2010. v1.0 of the ISA came in 2011, first Rocket
-tapeout in 2012, first Linux port in 2013, v2.0 (frozen) IMAFD spec in 2014.
-First commercial softcores and first commercial SoC in 2017.</li><li>Large companies are adopting RISC-V for deeply embedded controllers in their
-SoCs (&ldquo;minion cores&rdquo;), replacing home-grown and commercial cores.<ul><li>[Editor&rsquo;s note: pleasing to see the &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; name take off around the
-wider RISC-V community!].</li></ul></li><li>Small and proprietary-ISA soft-core IP companies are switching to the RISC-V
-standard to access a larger market. &ldquo;If you&rsquo;re a softcore IP provider, you
-should have a RISC-V product in development&rdquo;.</li><li>RISC-V has seen government adoption, e.g. India adopted it as a national
-ISA. A recent security-focused DARPA project standardised on RISC-V. Israel
-Innovation Authority are creating the GenPro platform around RISC-V.</li><li>Many startups are choosing RISC-V for new products. &ldquo;We haven&rsquo;t had to tell
-startups about RISC-V; they find out about it very quickly when shopping for
-processor IP&rdquo;.</li><li>Commercial ecosystem providers: starting to see mainstream commercial
-support. &ldquo;Demand is driving supply in the commercial ecosystem&rdquo;.</li><li>RISC-V in academic research: becoming the standard ISA for academic
-research. There will be talks at the workshop about the Celerity 500 RISC-V
-core SoC in 16nm FinFET, and FireSim which models 1024 quad-core RISC-V
-servers in the cloud.<ul><li>The CARRV RISC-V workshop at MICRO was even better attended than the
-machine learning workshop.</li></ul></li><li>Expect in a few years time that the vast majority of undergraduates will be
-taught RISC-V at University.</li><li>Racepoint Global have been hired for Foundation marketing.</li><li>RISC-V Technical Roadmap for 2017:<ul><li>Primary goal was to formally standardise the base ISA, resolve issues with
-the memory model, debug, and stabilize the privileged architecture.</li><li>Good progress has been made, but the spec hasn&rsquo;t yet been ratified. One of
-the issues is differentiating the base spec versus clarifications for
-different &ldquo;profiles&rdquo;. There is no plan to change any instruction
-specification versus 2.0.</li><li>The Unix platform is stable as of the privileged 1.10 spec (i.e. no
-backwards incompatible changes from now on).</li></ul></li><li>ISA specifications and profiles<ul><li>The original ISA specs mixed instruction specifications with platform
-mandates. Now work is ongoing to separate instruction set specifications
-from platform profiles.</li><li>Instruction set specifications should be maximally reusable, while the
-profiles should be as constrained as possible to simplify software
-compatibility.</li></ul></li><li>Single-letter names will run out some day, so a proposal has been made to
-allow finer-grained naming of instruction sets to describe profiles. Use Zxxxx
-to name standard instruction extensions (while Xyyyyy is used for non-standard
-instruction extensions). See the isa-dev list for more information.</li><li>Profiles for software compatibility. A software ABI/SBI defines a profile.
-A software ABI/SBI defines a profile. Also need profiles M-mode-only
-microcontrollers, and MU-mode microcontrollers, and for booting MSU platforms.
-Aim for have first ready in Q12018.</li><li>Memory model: the original was too weak for C11 and underspecified, but a
-team of experts have come together over the past year to resolve the issues.
-RVWMO is the base memory model and is weak, while RVTSO is an optional
-extension providing a strong TSO memory model.</li><li>Calling convention and ABI has been stabilized and documented.</li><li>GCC and binutils have been upstreamed and released in GCC. LLVM upstream is
-in progress.</li><li>A number of other compilers and languages are now available. e.g. CompCert,
-Go, Rust, OCaml, Jikes JVM, OpenJDK, &hellip;</li><li>The Linux port has been accepted upstream for the 4.15 release.
-Additionally, the hypervisor spec has been released (designed to support
-recursive virtualisation using an enhanced S mode).</li><li>Run-halt debug going well, is being targeted by commercial vendors.</li><li>2017 summary: All planned major technical decisions settled, some more work
-on the ratification process is needed.</li><li>Technical roadmap goals for 2018:<ul><li>Complete ratification of base ISA and first profiles</li><li>Base vector extensions proposed and ratified</li><li>Hypervisor implemented, spec ratified</li><li>Formal spec completed and released</li></ul></li><li>Vector: see the talk from Roger. Aim to be the Best Vector ISA Ever &trade;.</li><li>Security: really two separable efforts in the foundation: trusted execution
-environments and cryptographic instruction extensions. Also a huge amount of
-other work in the academic community.</li><li>Interrupts: currently have fast local interrupts and global platform-level
-interrupts. Also have requests for high end systems who want per-hart
-message-signal interrupts (MSI) and from low-end embedded that want
-pre-emptive vectored prioritized interrupts.</li><li>Improving embedded compression: the C extension was designed for general
-purpose computing with Unix binaries. People are seeing non-competitive RISC-V
-code size on pure embedded workloads, like due to lack of byte/halfword memory
-access? Considering an alternative C extension for RV32E systems.</li><li>A new task group has been up for the &lsquo;J&rsquo; extension, exploring support for
-dynamically translated languages. Looking at issues like integer overflow,
-garbage collection, and instruction cache management.</li><li>Summary<ul><li>Very rapid development and adoption &ldquo;by the time you decide to do a
-project, support will be there&rdquo;.</li></ul></li><li>Question: does the foundation have any formal ways of addressing IP
-challenges? Answer: have been documenting prior art for the base ISA
-instructions. Would be good to continue to expand this to cover reference
-hardware implementations.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-hypervisor-extension-andrew-waterman:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V Hypervisor Extension: Andrew Waterman</h2><ul><li>Presenting work with extensive contributions from Paolo Bonzini and John
-Hauser</li><li>Goal is to virtualize S-mode to support running guest OSes under Type-1,
-Type-2 and hybrid hypervisors. Also want to be high performance and to support
-recursive virtualisation.</li><li>The hypervisor extension adds new privileged modes. S-mode becomes HS-mode,
-and we also add the Virtualised Supervisor (VS) and Virtualized User (VU)
-modes.</li><li>What needs to be virtualized? Supervisor architecture state (CSRs), memory,
-I/O and interrupts.</li><li>Additional copies of most supervisor CSrs are provisioned as background
-supervisor CSRs, e.g. bsscratch, bsepc. In HS-mode, foreground CSRs contain
-S-mode state and background CSRs contain inactive VS-mode state. These are
-swapped in VS-mode.</li><li>Use two-level address translation to virtualize memory. Original virtual
-addresses are translated to guest physical addresses by the VS-level page
-table, and then guest physical addresses are translated to machine physical
-addresses by the HS-level page table.<ul><li>Page table entry formats and page table layouts are the same as S-mode</li></ul></li><li>Software and timer interrupts are easy to virtualise, as they&rsquo;re already
-exposed via the SBI. The two-level paging scheme can be used to trap MMIO
-accesses.<ul><li>Could avoid extra traps into the hypervisor with a virtualisation-aware
-PLIC. This is considered a platform issues, outside of the scope of the
-hypervisor ISA.</li></ul></li><li>Need an I/O MMU to initiated DMAs without trap into the hypervisor - also a
-platform issue.</li><li>The hypervisor extension is designed to be efficiently emulatable on M/S/U
-systems with traps into M-mode.</li><li>Specification v.01 is <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-manual>available on
-GitHub</a>. Hoping to implement in
-Spike in Q1 2018.</li><li>Want to see a silicon implementation prior to ratification.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2><ul><li>The goal was to define the RISC-V memory consistency model (&ldquo;specifies the
-values that can be returned by loads&rdquo;). Support a wide range of hardware
-implementations, as well as Linux, C/C++ and lots of other critical software.</li><li>The fundamental debate was about strong models (such as x86-TSO) vs weak
-models (ARM, IBM Power). Strong models have stricter ordering rules, resulting
-in something that&rsquo;s simpler for programmers and for architects. Weak models
-have more relaxed ordering rules, better performance/power/area and more
-microarchitectural freedom.</li><li>In order to find a compromise, defined RVTSO (strong) and RVWMO (weak).<ul><li>Both are multi-copy atomic. This means cores are allowed to peek at stores
-they have issues as long as they haven&rsquo;t been observed by anyone else and is
-much simpler to reason about than the Power and ARMv7 memory models.</li></ul></li><li>The base RISC-V memory model is RVWMO (software must assume this if it wants
-to be portable). It&rsquo;s important to note that a hardware implementation meeting
-the RVWMO specification could be more conservative (stronger). Additional have
-the Ztso extension for RVTSO, which software might target.</li><li>RVWMO and RVTSO differ in the degree of memory access reordering they permit
-at the point of global visibility. In RVTSO, only store-to-load reordering can
-be observed. In RVWMO, most memory accesses can be reordered freely unless
-synchronized via .sq, .rl and/or fences.</li><li>Dan has some handy diagrams that explain the RVWMO and RVTSO rules in a
-nutshell, which you should be able to study once the slides become available.</li><li>Software written for RVWMO will run on all RISC-V hardware (RVWMO and Ztso).
-RVTSO-only software can be be written, but will only run on hardware
-implementing Ztso. A flag in the ELF header will be used to ensure this.</li><li>If you don&rsquo;t want to think about memory models, just use the standard OSes
-and toolchains. If you care about PPA or flexibility, use RVWMO. If you have
-lots of legacy x86 code, use hardware implementing Ztso so that any software
-will work. If you believe TSO is the future, use hardware with Ztso and emit
-code with the TSO-only magic number.</li><li>Fragmentation due to the presence of two memory models is an obvious risk.
-Try to discourage software from targeting both, and encourage targeting RVWMO
-wherever possible (redundant fences simple become no-ops).</li><li>There have been a number of other ISA changes. ld.rl and sd.aq are
-deprecated. ld.aqrl and sd.aqrl mean RCsc. Also clarified other subtleties.
-May have future extensions to the fence instruction, and .aq/.rl variants for
-byte and halfword-size loads/stores.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-enabling-a-new-era-of-open-data-centric-computing-architectures-martin-fink:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V - Enabling a new era of open data-centric computing architectures: Martin Fink</h2><ul><li>Most people think of Western Digital as a storage company, but actually
-they&rsquo;re a <em>data</em> company.</li><li>Big data is well known, but increasingly there are applications that require
-&ldquo;fast data&rdquo; (immediate access to information).</li><li>Big data applications have historically focused on general purpose compute.
-But we need to be able to move beyond general purpose compute to meet new
-application requirements.</li><li>In a general purpose compute architecture, everything is centered around the
-CPU rather than the data.</li><li>Workload diversity demands diverse technologies and architectures, both for
-&ldquo;big data&rdquo; and &ldquo;fast data&rdquo;.</li><li>There are a wide range of data-centric applications at the edge.</li><li>RISC-V meets the needs of big data (move compute to data) and fast data
-(memory centric compute). It enables purpose-built environments for big data
-and fast data applications.</li><li>Western Digital ships in excess of 1 billion cores per year, and expect to
-double that. They are making a commitment to transition all of those 1 billion
-cores towards RISC-V, across their whole product portfolio.</li><li>Want to process the data where it lives, which RISC-V will help to enable.</li><li>Represents a new style of development. In some cases, WD may develop their
-own cores, in others may buy them, in others may partner with another company
-to co-develop them.</li><li>Western Digital will work to accelerate the RISC-V ecosystem:<ul><li>Support the development of open source IP building blocks for the
-community</li><li>Actively partner and invest in the ecosystem</li><li>Accelerate development of purpose-built processors for a broad range of
-Big Data and Fast Data environments</li><li>Multi-year transition of Western Digital devices, platforms and systems to
-RISC-V purpose built architectures</li></ul></li><li>First device from WD with a RISC-V core is likely to not ship until late
-2019 to early 2020.</li><li>Summary<ul><li>Big Data and Fast Data need purpose-built environments</li><li>Openness and ecosystem enable best-in-class innovation. The motivation is
-enabling innovation, <em>not</em> reducing cost.</li><li>Western Digital brings the momentum of over 1B cores per year</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=industrial-strength-high-performance-risc-v-processors-for-energy-efficient-computing-dave-ditzel:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Industrial-strength high-performance RISC-V processors for energy-efficient computing: Dave Ditzel</h2><ul><li>Coming out of &ldquo;stealth mode&rdquo; in this talk.</li><li>Chris Celio is joining Esperanto, but will continue to maintain and support
-BOOM. Esperanto will also be implementing even higher performance out-of-order
-processors.</li><li>Esperanto have been pursuing an implementing of the draft Vector ISA in
-order to understand design trade-offs.</li><li>RISC-V is off to a great start, but many in industry view RISC-V as a
-curiosity or toy, only for low end. Repeatedly see questions about high-end
-designs (in Verilog!), graphics, machine learning, or HPC applications.</li><li>See Esperanto as complementing existing core vendors, &ldquo;expanding RISC-V&rsquo;s
-piece of the pie&rdquo;.</li><li>Experanto is designing a high-performance RISC-V core comparable to the best
-IP alternatives. It is designing an energy-efficient RISC-V core for high
-TeraFLOP computing needs. The goal is to make RISC-V more compelling than the
-other high-end alternatives.</li><li>Will produce IP with human readable, synthesizable Verilog.</li><li>Esperanto is building the highest TeraFLOPS per Watt machine learning
-computing system, and it will be based on the RISC-V ISA</li><li>ET-Maxion will be the highest single thread performance 64-bit RISC-V
-processor. Starting from BOOM v2, but expect substantial changes. Optimized
-for 7nm CMOS. This will be used in Esperanto&rsquo;s products and made available as
-a licensable core.</li><li>Second core is the ET-Minion. This is intended to do all the heavy floating
-point work, with very high floating point throughput and energy efficiency.
-This will be a 64-bit RISC-V core with vector extensions, an in-order
-pipeline, and extra instruction extensions for machine learning. Also have
-multiple hardware threads of execution. Like the ET-Maxion, this will be used
-in Esperanto products and available as a licensable core.</li><li>Putting these together in a product: Esperanto&rsquo;s AI supercomputer on a chip.
-16 64-bit ET-Maxion RISC-V cores with private L1 and L2 caches, 4096 64-bit
-ET-Minion RISC-V cores each with their own vector floating point unit,
-hardware accelerators, Network on Chip to allow processors to reside in the
-same address space, multiple levels of cache, etc.</li><li>Other companies are proposing special purpose hardware for machine learning
-using proprietary instruction sets. Esperanto want to base all processing on
-RISC-V, adding instruction extensions and hardware accelerators where
-necessary.</li><li>Also looked at using RISC-V for graphics. Wrote a shader compiler that can
-generate RISC-V compilers, and the code to distribute the workload across
-thousands of cores.</li><li>Argue that proprietary, custom instruction sets are a bad choice. Instead,
-make general purpose RISC-V processors with domain specific extensions when
-needed.</li></ul><h2 id=andes-extended-features-dr-chuan-hua-chang:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Andes Extended Features: Dr Chuan-Hua Chang</h2><ul><li>Andes Technology is a Taiwan-based CPU IP company with over 2 billion
-Andes-Embedded SoCs shipped in diverse applications.</li><li>Have extended the RISC-V architecture in the V5m with:<ul><li>Vectored interrupts and priority-based preemptive interrupts for the PLIC</li><li>StackSafe features</li><li>Exception redirection to the debuggers</li></ul></li><li>The V5m ISA includes<ul><li>Andes Perfomance extension</li><li>Optional Andes DSP extension</li><li>Optional Andes Custom extension</li></ul></li><li>For the vectored PLIC, vector table entry 0 contains exceptions and local
-interrupts except &ldquo;external interrupt&rdquo;. Vector table entry 1 and above
-contains external interrupts from the PLIC. The PLIC interrupt ID is
-transmitted directly from PLIC to a hart.</li><li>The extended PLIC saves over 30 instructions for dispatch and software
-preemption overhead.</li><li>StackSafe monitors the SP register value to detect stack pointer overflow
-and underflow, and for recording the maximum observed stack size.</li><li>Andes ISA extensions add<ul><li>GP-implied load/store instructions with a larger immediate range.</li><li>Compare an operand with a small constant and branch</li><li>Instructions for zero/sign-extensions</li><li>CoDense: code size compression instructions</li></ul></li><li>The Andes DSP ISA extension features over 130 instructions, using only GPRs.
-Introduces a range of SIMD instructions, zero-overhead loops, and 64-bit
-signed/unsigned addition and subtractions, and signed/unsigned multiplication
-and addition.<ul><li>See 50% cycle reduction for the Helix MP3 decoder, and 80.1% cycle
-reduction for the G.729 codec.</li></ul></li><li>Andes Custom Extension (ACE) provides a framework to facilitate custom
-instruction design and implementation.</li></ul><h2 id=customisation-of-a-risc-v-processor-to-achieve-dsp-performance-gain-marcela-zachariasova:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Customisation of a RISC-V processor to achieve DSP performance gain: Marcela Zachariasova</h2><ul><li>Codasip studio is a processor development environment which takes a high
-level description of a processor and automatically generates software tool,
-RTL, and verification environments.</li><li>Take one of Codasip&rsquo;s Berkelium RISC-V cores as the starting point.</li><li>Configure the core by enabling/disabling ISA extensions as desired. You can
-also define new instructions, driven by profiling information.</li><li>Case study: audio processing solution for IoT (developed with Microsemi).</li><li>Ultimately, saw a 13.62x speedup for a 2.43x area overhead vs RV32IM.</li></ul><h2 id=freedom-u500-linux-capable-1-5gh-quad-core-rv64gc-soc-jack-kang:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Freedom U500, Linux-capable, 1.5GH quad-core RV64GC SoC: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>Freedom Unleashed 500: 250M+ transistors, TSMC 28nm, high-performance
-integrated RISC-V SoC, U54MC RISC-V CPU Core Complex</li><li>1.5GHz+ SiFive E51/U53 CPU. 1xE51 (16KB L1I$, 8KB DTIM), 4 x U54. 32KB L1I$,
-32KB L1D$.</li><li>All five cores in a coherent system with 2MB L2$.</li><li>Development board available in Q12018.</li><li>Feature GbE, DDR3/4, and ChipLink (a serialized chip-to-chip TileLink
-interconnect).</li><li>The E51 core is a 64-bit, 1.5GHz CPU &ldquo;minion core&rdquo;.</li><li>Coherent, 2MB 16-way L2 subsystem.</li><li>Single U54 core-only area 0.224mm2, single U53 core complex area 0.538mm2
-(including 32KB/32KB L1 cache). 1.7 DMIPS/MH, 2.75 CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>HiFive Unleashed will have the SiFive Freedom Unleashed 500 SoC connected to
-a Microsemi PolarFire FPGA, Provide USB and HDMI via the FPGA, as well as
-PCIe. Available Q1&rsquo;2018.</li><li>HiFive Unleashed Early Access Program: give early access to FPGA-based
-prototypes (now) and development boards (soon). To get access, email
-info@sifive.com.</li></ul><h2 id=revolutionizing-risc-v-based-application-design-possibilities-with-globalfoundries-gregg-bartlett:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Revolutionizing RISC-V based application design possibilities with GlobalFoundries: Gregg Bartlett</h2><ul><li>GlobalFoundries is the only foundry that is a RISC-V Foundation member. See
-that the RISC-V approach is a good match for GlobalFoundries.</li><li>For the last year, have been engaged in applications where RISC-V processors
-are showing up. DNN accelerators, cluster computing, automotive/embedded SoCs,
-X86/GPU co-processors.</li><li>Argue foundry technology allows differentiated customer solutions. e.g.
-22FDX and 12FDX.</li><li>22FDX is targeted to serve segments such as mobility, IoT, RF, and
-automotive.</li><li>FDXcellerator program features multiple RISC-V cores, as well as LPDDR4,
-MIPI etc.</li><li>Partnered with SiFive (E31+E51), Reduced Energy Microsystems, Andes, ETH
-Zurich / University of Bologna (PULP), Berkeley Labs, IIT Chennai.</li><li>For the SiFive partnership, no cost to customers for E31/E51 cores until
-production starts.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-llvm-towards-a-production-ready-llvm-based-toolchain-alex-bradbury:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V LLVM. Towards a production-ready LLVM-based toolchain: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>I was the presenter, so no notes right now.</li></ul><h2 id=a-risc-v-java-update-martin-maas:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>A RISC-V Java update: Martin Maas</h2><ul><li>Jikes RVM now runs full JDK6 applications, including the Decapo benchmark
-suite. Passes the Jikes RVM core test suite. About 15000 lines of code.</li><li>Managed languages have been under-represented in computer architecture
-research for quite some time.</li><li>Challenges: long running on many cores, concurrent tasks, fine-grained
-interactions. Difficult fit for many common simulation approaches, e.g. Qemu
-or Gem5.</li><li>Instead, we can run managed workloads on real RISC-V hardware in FPGA-based
-simulation to enable modifying the entire stack.</li><li>By modifying the hardware, we can do fine-grained tracing without perturbing
-the software being tested.</li><li>Can explore the interaction with the memory system, e.g. DRAM row misses
-encountered during garbage collection.</li><li>This will allow a wide range of research that was difficult without this
-infrastructure.</li><li>Have the Jikes Research VM (baseline JIT, no optimising JIT). Can run
-OpenJDK Hotspot JVM with the Zero (interpreter) backend, but no
-high-performance JIT compiler port yet. Help needed!</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation has launched the J extension working group today, to
-better support managed-language support to RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=microprobe-an-open-source-microbenchmark-generator-ported-to-the-risc-v-isa-schuyler-eldridge:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>MicroProbe. An open source microbenchmark generator ported to the RISC-V ISA: Schuyler Eldridge</h2><ul><li>Not yet open source, but in the process of releasing it.</li><li>Why make microbenchmarks? Might want to study worst case power consumption,
-look for performance bugs, determine if the design is reliable, &hellip; But
-writing microbenchmarks is a labour-intensive process.</li><li>MicroProbe has the user write microbenchmark generation policies. The
-framework then produces benchmarks according to those policies.</li><li>The target definition (ISA, microarchitecture, environment) is written using
-YAML. Code generation and generation policies are written using Python.</li><li>MicroProbe uses riscv-meta from Michael Clark.</li><li>The user describes a microbenchmark as transforms over an intermediate
-representation (IR) for describing benchmarks.</li></ul><h2 id=lauterbach-debug-support-for-risc-v-bob-kupyn:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Lauterbach debug support for RISC-V: Bob Kupyn</h2><ul><li>Lauterbach is solely focused on hardware and software debug tools. All
-design, development and manufacture is done in Munich.</li><li>Claim the widest range of supported microprocessors in the market.</li><li>More than 100k installed Lauterbach debuggers, estimate 40% of the market.</li><li>Have a RISC-V JTAG debugger. Currently just run-control, awaiting a stable
-trace debug spec.</li><li>Trace32 debugger supports all the features you&rsquo;d expect. The RISC-V port
-supports RV32 and RV64. In the future, want to add trace support and
-Linux/Target OS awareness.</li><li>In the initial release, support SiFive Coreplex E31 and E51.</li></ul><h2 id=j-link-debug-probe-now-available-for-risc-v-paul-curtis:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>J-link debug probe now available for RISC-V: Paul Curtis</h2><ul><li>J-Link aims to be the &ldquo;ultimate debug probe&rdquo;. Supporting ARM, Mips, RX,
-8051, and now RISC-V.</li><li>J-Link is open in the sense you can incorporate it into your product using
-the J-Link SDK.</li><li>J-Link is &ldquo;intelligent&rdquo;, eliminating round-trip-time over USB or IP using
-kernels in the debug adapter.</li><li>Over 600k units sold.</li><li>Also have Embedded Studio, other products.</li></ul><h2 id=porting-the-threadx-rtos-to-risc-v-john-carbone:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Porting the ThreadX RTOS to RISC-V: John Carbone</h2><ul><li>ThreadX in production since 1997.</li><li>Small footprint, priority-based, fully preemptive RTOS with a single linear
-address space.</li><li>Has advanced features like preemption-threshold scheduling, real-time event
-trace, memory-protected modules.</li><li>Ported with co-operation from Mirosemi, ran on the Smartfusion2 Creative
-Development Board.</li><li>Anticipate commercial availability for RISC-V before the end of 2017.</li></ul><h2 id=xbgas-a-bridge-proposal-for-rv128-and-hpc-john-leidel:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>xBGAS. A bridge proposal for RV128 and HPC: John Leidel</h2><ul><li>Extended Base Global Address Space (xBGAS)</li><li>Want to provide extended addressing capabilities without ruining the base
-ABI.</li><li>Extended addressing must not specifically rely upon any one virtual memory</li><li>xBGAS is not a direct replacement for RV128.</li><li>See a variety of potential application domains.</li><li>HPC-PGAS: traditional message passing has a tremendous amount of overhead.
-There are a range of low-latency PGAS runtimes, but little hardware/uarch
-support.</li><li>Add extended (eN) register that map to base general registers. These are
-manually utilized via extended load/store/move instructions.</li><li>You only get access to the extended address space when using the new
-extended addressing instructions.</li><li>ISA extensions: base integer load/store, raw integer load/store, address
-management (explicitly read/write the extended registers).</li><li>No support for things like atomics currently. (Question for the community:
-how to define extensions to extensions?)</li><li>A number of outstanding issues with the ABI and calling convention. How to
-link base RISC-V objects with objects containing extended addressing? Howe do
-we address the caller/callee saved state with extended registers? What about
-debugging and debugging metadata.</li><li>The software part of this is being led by the Data Intensive Scalable
-Computing Lab at Texas Tech. Have a prototype implementation in LLVM.</li><li>Hardware part of the effort taking place at Tactical Computing Labs, LBNL
-and MIT. Looking at pipelined and accelerator-based implementations.</li><li>The current spec is <a href=https://github.com/tactcomplabs/xbgas-archspec>available
-here</a>. Comments and
-collaborators are encouraged!</li></ul><h2 id=extending-the-16-gpr-standard-beyond-rv32e-mitch-hayenga:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Extending the 16 GPR standard beyond RV32E: Mitch Hayenga</h2><ul><li>Motivation: Register file area/power/latency is critical to any processor.
-Large register files help with static code scheduling, but wide issue
-out-of-order processors have the potential to hide register spill latency and
-issue bandwidth.</li><li>There are a number of commercially available cores that only offer 16
-double-precision floating point registers.</li><li>Want to see the 16GPR option being orthogonal just like any other ISA
-variant (RV32E currently can&rsquo;t be combined with the F and D extensions).</li><li>Reduced the available registers to x0-x15 and f0-f15. Modified GCC and glibc
-and used gem5 with the Coremark/Dhrystone/Whetstone/Spec2006 benchmarks.</li><li>For the simple benchmarks, saw a 6-8% increase in static code size. Smaller
-increase in dynamic instructions (and Whetstone saw a reduction). Saw in-order
-execution time impacted, but much smaller impact for the out-of-order designs.</li><li>For SPECInt, saw (very) slightly improved code density and execution time.<br>In perlbench this was primarily due to reduced function call overhead.</li><li>The impact was more negative for SPECFP.</li><li>Architectural overheads limit the viable design space of multithreaded
-out-of-order CPUs.</li><li>New potential designs:<ul><li>Dual-threaded, small window out-of-order CPUs (~20 instruction windows).
-This is impractical with the current RISC-V register file size requirements</li><li>Large, high-IPC, many threaded CPU designs.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=using-pyrope-to-create-transformable-risc-v-architectures-haven-skinner:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Using Pyrope to create transformable RISC-V architectures: Haven Skinner</h2><ul><li>Hardware design is difficult. You need multiple codebases (cycle accurate,
-high level simulation, verification reference model). Also need to adjust
-pipeline stages and verify the hardware.</li><li>A new HDL (Pyrope) can help!</li><li>Fluid pipelines are the &ldquo;hammer&rdquo; used to address design complexity. Fluid
-pipeline transformations change the number of stages as part of the compile
-flow.</li><li>A fluid pipeline has valid/stop signals, and pipeline stages should tolerate
-random delays.</li><li>Collapsing stages was useful in order to build an emulator out of a RISC-V
-fluid core. Can also change the number of pipeline stages automatically, and
-perform formal verification.</li><li>For a Verilog implementation, saw 2MIPS when compiling with Verilator. When
-collapsing fluid pipelines to produce a fast emulator, saw 6MIPS. Spike
-achieves around 12 MIPS.</li><li>Compared synthesis results of the fluid pipelines vs a range of open source
-RISC-V cores.</li><li>For &ldquo;fluid verification&rdquo;, can collapse the stages in a RISC-V core, then
-verify against a trivial single stage RISC-V core. Used yosys to do this.</li></ul><h2 id=performance-isolation-for-multicore-within-labeled-risc-v-zihao-yu:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Performance isolation for multicore within labeled RISC-V: Zihao Yu</h2><ul><li>In multi-core architectures, core share resources such as L3, memory, and
-I/O. This can cause uncertainties and QoS violations.</li><li>Take inspiration from labeled networks and try to apply to computer
-architecture. Describe the Labeled von Neumann Architecture (LvNA).</li><li>Each request has a label, each label is correlated with a
-process/thread/variable, labels are propagated across the whole machine, and
-software-defined control logic is used to provide different service for
-different labeled groups.</li><li>Proposed PARD (ASPLOS 2015). Programmable Architecture for
-Resourcing-on-Demand.<ul><li>Add a label register, allocate a label for each VM, attach a label to each
-request, and add label-based programmable control logic.</li></ul></li><li>LvNA + RISC-V = Labeled RISC-V</li><li>Saw less than 3% overhead in terms of code, less than 5% resource overhead,
-and no performance overheads for critical apps.</li><li>Plan to tape out with TSMC 40nm next year.</li></ul><h2 id=a-practical-implementation-of-a-platform-level-interrupt-controller-plic-richard-herveille:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>A Practical Implementation of a Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC): Richard Herveille</h2><ul><li>PLIC design goals: easy integration with external bus interfaces, be fully
-compliant, and very flexible. Should work from small microcontrollers all the
-way up to large server applications.</li><li>The deign flexibility may result in management complexity. Potentially
-hundreds or thousands of registers in a memory mapped management interface. So
-try to define a management interface that minimises the memory map.</li><li>Create the memory map dynamically based on parameters given to the IP core.<br>The register arrangement and documentation is automated.</li><li>See the <a href=https://roalogic.com>Roa Logic website</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=open-source-rtos-ports-on-risc-v-nitin-deshpande:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>Open source RTOS ports on RISC-V: Nitin Deshpande</h2><ul><li>Ported FreeRTOS, MyNewt, and Huawei LitOS.</li><li>FreeRTOS: 32-bit version running on a RISC-V soft processor, 64-bit
-currently runs on Spike.</li><li>MyNewt: RISC-V support was already available, added the BSP and MCU/HAL
-support.</li><li>LiteOs: ported the kernel, BSP, and HAL. Already merged into upstream LiteOS
-GitHub.</li><li>Had a positive experience with RISC-V.</li><li>Mi-V is an ecosystem that aims to accelerate the adoption of RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-poster-preview:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952>RISC-V poster preview</h2><ul><li>This is too rapid fire to summarise, sorry!</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 29, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>seventh RISC-V
-workshop</a> is concluding
-today at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of
-talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=celerity-an-open-source-511-core-risc-v-tiered-accelerator-fabric-michael-taylor:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor</h2><ul><li>Built in only 9 months.</li><li>Celerity is an accelerator-centric SoC with a tiered accelertor fabric.</li><li>Implemented in TSMC 16nm FFC. 25mm2 die area, 385M transistors</li><li>Why 511 RISC-V cores? 5 Linux-capable RV64G Rocket cores, 496-core RV32IM
-mesh tiled area &ldquo;manycore&rdquo;, 10-core RV32IM mesh tiled array (low voltage).</li><li>Used a flip-chip package.</li><li>Of the 5 general purpose cores, 4 connect to the manycore array and 1
-interfaces with the Binary Neural Network accelerator. Each core executes
-independently within its own address space.</li><li>The BaseJump manycore architecture implements the RV32IM with a 5-stage
-pipeline (full forwarded, in-order, single issue). It has 4KB+4KB instruction
-and data scratchpads.</li><li>BaseJump Manycore Mesh Network: stores are routed based on the destination.
-Simple XY-dimension routing.</li><li>Each Rocket core has its own RoCC interface connecting to one of the routers
-in the mesh.</li><li>Uses a remote store programming model, which enables efficient
-producer-consumer programming models. Offer extended instructions such as load
-reserved (load value and set the reservation address),
-load-on-broken-reservation (stall if the reserved address wasn&rsquo;t written by
-other cores), and a consumer instruction to wait on a given address/valud. No
-polling or interrupts are required.</li><li>Currently working on CUDA support.</li><li>Can fit 42 of the &ldquo;manycore&rdquo; cores per mm2 (vs 5 cores per mm2 for Rocket).</li><li>80% of the modules in the manycore are from the BaseJump library.</li><li>For the backend, hardened each core and replicated across the die.</li><li>Over 2/3rds of each manycore tile is memory.</li><li>For the BNN: each core in the manycore tier executes a remote-load-store
-program to orchestrate sending weights to the specialization tier via a
-hardware FIFO.</li><li>All code available at <a href=http://opencelerity.org>opencelerity.org</a>.</li><li>Want to build the &ldquo;DNA&rdquo; for open source ASICs. i.e. the basic components
-needs for building a full system, spanning RTL, IP cores, hardware emulation,
-packaging, PCBs. See <a href=http://bjump.org>bjump.org</a>.</li><li>The BaseJump STL contains several hundred modules, all parameterised.</li></ul><h2 id=the-pulp-cores-a-set-of-open-source-ultra-low-power-risc-v-cores-for-internet-of-things-applications-pasquale-davide-schiavone:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>The PULP Cores. A Set of Open-Source Ultra-Low-Power RISC-V Cores for Internet-of-Things Applications: Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2><ul><li>PULP: Parallel Ultra-Low Power.</li><li>Designed for energy efficient hardware, e.g. near-sensor computation.</li><li>Have a set of 3 32-bit cores currently available, and working on a 64-bit
-Linux-capable core.</li><li>RISCY core has a 4-stage pipeline. RV32IM[F]C. 40.7-69.3kGE. 3.19
-CoreMark/MHz. Also has a number of extensions for packed SIMD, fixed point,
-bit manipulation and hardware loops.</li><li>Zero-riscy has a 2-stage pipeline. RV32{I,E}[M]C. 11.6-18.9kGE. 2.44
-CoreMark/MHz for RV32IMC and 0.91 for RV32EC. Optimized for area.</li><li>Arian core for Linux. 6-stage pipeline, RV64IMC, 185kGE, OoE execution and
-in-order commit. 2.01 CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>Also have a set of software tools for PULP. Virtual platform, timing model.
-Have 1MIPS simulation speed with timing accuracy between 20-20% of the target
-hardware. Can also profile using kcachegrind.</li><li>How to verify these cores? Use constrained pseudo-random test generation in
-a perturbated environment (random interrupts, stalls). The program generator
-tries to maximise the code coverage, and the instruction simulation and RTL
-model are compared.</li><li>Large number of companies using PULP/PULPino, e.g. Mentor, GreenWaves, NXP,
-Micron, Microsemi, Cadence, ST, Google, Intel.</li><li>PULPissimo platform will be released Q12018, including the new microDMA
-subsystem, new interrupt controller, new SDK etc. Taping out on GF22 soon.</li></ul><h2 id=boom-v2-an-open-source-out-of-order-risc-v-core-chris-celio:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>BOOM v2. An open-source out-of-order RISC-V core: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Out of order superscalar implementing RV64g. Open source and written in
-Chisel (~16kloc). Built on top of the rocket-chip ecosystem.</li><li>Advanced branch prediction. Loads can issue out-of-order with regard to
-other loads and stores.</li><li>Parameterised, just a few lines to instantiate a 2-wide vs 4-wide BOOM.</li><li>BOOM has now been taped out! Taped out with a 2 person team in 4 months.</li><li>Total LoC for the SiFive U54 Rocket is 34kloc, vs 50kloc for BOOMv2, vs
-1.3mloc (Verilog) for the UltraSPARC T2.</li><li>Boomv2 achieves 3.92 CoreMark/MHz (on the taped out BOOM), vs 3.71 for the
-Cortex-A9.</li><li>BOOMv1 had a short pipeline inspired by R10K, 21264, Cortex-A9 and a unified
-issue window.</li><li>BOOMv2: broke critical paths in the frontend. Put the BTB into SRAM. Also
-moved hashing to its own stage.</li><li>The first place+route for register file resulted in huge area. Ended up
-splitting the unified issue window, splitting the physical register file,
-moving issue and register read into separate stages. Then implemented 2-stage
-rename and 3-stage fetch.</li><li>Didn&rsquo;t have the resources to support a customised register file. A
-synthesised register file resulted in huge congestion when routing the wires
-from the flip-flops. Instead, black-boxed the register file and hand-wrote
-some Verilog to instantiate specific flip-flops, muxes, and tri-state buffers.
-Effectively hand-crafting their own bit block out of standard cells.</li><li>Saw about a 25% decrease in clock period, and 20% decrease in CoreMark/MHz
-(due to increased load-use delay, fixable in the future). A lot of the work
-was about fixing design rule check and geometry errors.</li><li>Physical design is a bottleneck for agile hardware development. RTL hacking
-can be rapid, but it takes 2-3 hours for synthesis results and 8-24 hours for
-P+R results. Additionally, manual intervention is often required and reports
-are difficult to reason about.</li><li>Future directions for BOOM: further IPC and QoR improvements. Chris is
-joining Esperanto Technologies, but is committed to maintain the BOOM
-open-source repository.</li></ul><h2 id=rocket-engines-easy-custom-risc-v-cores-through-reuse-albert-magyar:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Rocket Engines. Easy, custom RISC-V cores through reuse: Albert Magyar</h2><ul><li>Why are there so many RISC-V cores (or: why not reuse rocket?). Often a
-desire to match interface to be a &ldquo;drop in&rdquo; replacement for an existing core,
-or want to tailor microarchitecture for custom extensions. Also, may find
-Rocket is over-featured for the desired design point.</li><li>Less good reasons: not invented here, fear of Chisel.</li><li>There are a number of pitfalls for customized cores. e.g. introducing bugs
-that have long since been avoided in Rocket.</li><li>Avoid reusing either too little or too much. Can reuse individual components
-without using the top-level rocket-chip framework at all. Stitch together
-individual components.</li><li>The &ldquo;big 3&rdquo; components: CSR file, decoder, RISC-V compressed (RVC) expander.</li><li>produced a new RISC-V core IP: &ldquo;BottleRocket&rdquo;. This has a classic
-three-stage pipeline with a similar microarchitecture to Z-Scale and V-Scale.
-Implements RV32IMC. The generator produces a single, easy to connect tile.</li><li>Supports debug, test, platform features: 0.13 debug spec, RVFI trace port,
-external interrupt controller.</li><li>The open sourcing effort is underway, as is the integration with
-riscv-formal.</li></ul><h2 id=a-perspective-on-the-role-of-open-source-ip-in-government-electronic-systems-linton-salmon:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>A Perspective on the Role of Open-Source IP in Government Electronic Systems: Linton Salmon</h2><ul><li>The USD Department of Defence (DoD) needs custom SoCs. Custom ICs are
-necessary to reach the target GOps/W. Computation requirements keep growing,
-and real-time results are often required.</li><li>Current DoD architectures often use older technology nodes. Now moving
-towards newer technology nodes (28nm and below).</li><li>Most of the cost for DoD custom SoCs is in design. Typically low volume (1k
-parts). For small volume, find design costs 92%, fab NRE 7%, 1% production
-costs.</li><li>Design cost are skyrocketing, increasingly dramatically with each technology
-node. This is a huge problem for the low volume DoD designs.</li><li>Is open source IP the answer? The good news is that it can sharply reduce
-resources, time and complexity or a DoD custom SoC design. Open source IP
-permits increased use of unique DoD security approaches.</li><li>The not so good news: the open source community needs to develop a complete
-infrastructure, needs to e more robust than it is today, the community needs a
-model to fund infrastructure, and the support model must assure long term
-support and continued development of open source IP.</li><li>Unique differentiation doesn&rsquo;t require development of the entire platform.
-Want to put all the effort into the differentiating &ldquo;secret sauce&rdquo;.</li><li>Open source IP can address both the cost and availability of standard IP.
-Open source IP macros are a critical first step, but integration IP is also
-needed.</li><li>Open source IP enables specialisation. It provides the blocks and standard
-infrastructure that can then be specialised.</li><li>Open source IP enables greater scrutiny by the DoD to ensure trust:
-assurance it will only do as specified.</li><li>Hardware security requires the ability to modify the SoC, including 3d party
-IP. Added security capabilities require a robust base and infrastructure.</li><li>RISC-V is an adaptable open standard. RISC-V processors can be built in a
-way that can be trusted, and RISC-V can be used to enable increased security
-(easy to add security extensions).</li><li>Need a full ecosystem infrastructure. Need to cover the entire
-infrastructure, be robust, and easy to use.</li><li>DoD requires robustness and dependability of the open-source infrastructure.
-Need complete verification, clear documentation, robustness validated through
-to silicon implementation and test. This is not the role or the strength of
-universities.<ul><li>Savings requires the ability to depend on the open source IP.</li><li>Savings require the robustness of the IP across extended performance
-ranges.</li></ul></li><li>Need a model to fund long-term infrastructure. This isn&rsquo;t the role of DARPA,
-which funds projects rather than infrastructure. Much of the work is
-difficult, but not exciting.</li><li>Need continual maintenance and improvement. Regular updates in terms of
-performance, architecture, and fabrication technology.</li><li>DARPA programs driving open source IP: PERFECT, CRAFT, SSITH, POSH, IDEA.</li><li>CRAFT&rsquo;s goal is to enable more efficient custom IC design/fabrication to
-enable high performance electronic solutions faster and with more flexibility.</li><li>SSITH: develop hardware design tools and IP to provide inherent security
-against hardware vulnerabilities that are exploited through software in DoD
-and commercial electronic systems.</li><li>IDEA: no &ldquo;human in the lop&rdquo; 24-hour layout generation for mixed signal ICs,
-systems in package, and PCBs. Machine generated layout of electrical circuits
-and systems.</li><li>POSH: an open source System on Chip design and IP ecosystem.</li></ul><h2 id=boosting-risc-v-isa-with-open-source-peripherals-an-soc-for-low-power-sensors-elkim-roa:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Boosting RISC-V ISA with Open Source Peripherals. An SoC for Low Power Sensors: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>Challenges: ready-to-plug IP and expensive licenses.</li><li>Been working with SiFive, providing IP blocks for the always-on domain.</li><li>The power management unit is a state machine running a microcode program
-that triggers events as necessary.</li><li>Have implemented a wide range of IP: low-noise bandgap voltage reference,
-LDO, biasing control, crystal low-frequency driver (XTAL-RF), RC Oscillator,
-brownout detector, power-on reset, multi-resolution DAC and ADC, fully
-synthesized true random number generator</li><li>Finally, integrated these always-on domain blocks in a TSMC180nm SoC using
-Chisel at the top level.</li><li>Deliverables: releasing Verilog models, FSM Verilog RTL, documentation etc
-through the freechips project. Schematics and layout available through the
-SiFive Designshare program.</li><li>Taping out at the end of the year with SiFive, also want to include PHYs
-like SATA, PCIe, USB next year. Hope to have a qualified range of IP in 2019.</li></ul><h2 id=picosoc-how-we-created-a-risc-v-based-asic-processor-using-a-full-open-source-foundry-targeted-rtl-to-gds-flow-and-how-you-can-too-tim-edwards:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>PicoSoC: How we created a RISC-V based ASIC processor using a full open source foundry-targeted RTL-to-GDS flow, and how you can, too!: Tim Edwards</h2><ul><li>Created an ASIC version of a RISC-V core (PicoRV32) using an entirely open
-source toolflow.</li><li>Targeting a 180nm process.</li><li>Open source synthesis toolchain: qflow is built using yosys/ABC, vesta,
-graywolf, qrouter, magic, netgin, iverilog, ngspice.</li><li>PicoSoC includes a UART, SPI memory controller, scratchpad SRAM, and SPI
-flash. Started the SoC targeting the open source Lattice ice40 flow, and add
-padframe, power-on-reset, and generated SRAM to target ASIC.</li><li>Can perform cosimulation using iverilog and ngspice.</li><li>The PicoSoC core is 1mm2, with analog+SRAM+padframe, 2mm x 1.5mm.</li><li>Can reproduce this yourself using the efabless IP catalog and the efablass
-CloudV-based design environment.</li><li>This is brought together in the efabless Open Galaxy Design Environment.</li></ul><h2 id=tilelink-a-free-and-open-source-high-performance-scalable-cache-coherent-fabric-designed-for-risc-v-wesley-terpstra:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>TileLink. A free and open-source, high-performance scalable cache-coherent fabric designed for RISC-V: Wesley Terpstra</h2><ul><li>Requirements for a RISC-V bus: Open standard, easy to implemented,
-cache-coherent block motion, multiple cache layers, reusable on and off-chip,
-and high performance.</li><li>What about AMBA CHI/ACE?<ul><li>&ldquo;Open standard? CHI is not open!&rdquo;. Can&rsquo;t get hold of the spec.</li><li>Not easy to implement: 10 probe message types, split control/data, narrow
-bursts, &hellip;</li><li>No support for multiple cache layers.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t want to depend on a standard controlled by a RISC-V competitor</li></ul></li><li>TileLink was a clean slate project out of UC Berkeley. Featured a reduced
-message protocol, assumed all connected hardware is trusted (do security
-checking at the source, not in the network), and only supports power-of-2
-block transfers.</li><li>TileLink is a master-slave point-to-point protocol. It&rsquo;s message based with
-5 priorities. Out-order design with optional ordering. It&rsquo;s designed for
-composability and deadlock freedom.</li><li>TileLink is open source and in production. Over 30 public modules including
-cores, crossbars and adapters. Has a coherency manager similar to how ACE does
-snooping. Also have bridges to AXI/AHB/APB</li><li>SiFive chips use a banked directory-based wormhole MESI L2$.</li><li>There are a few simplifying assumptions that make the protocol easier to
-work with.<ul><li>Require there are no agent loops, i.e. the bus participants (agents) form
-a directed acyclic graph.</li><li>There are strict priorities. Messages have one of five priorities, and
-lower priority messages never block higher priority messages. Responses have
-a higher priority than requests.</li></ul></li><li>The on-chip TileLink wire protocol uses an independent channel for each
-message priority. Messages are transmitted using multi-beat bursts. Use
-ready-valid.</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-vector-isa-roger-espasa:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>The RISC-V Vector ISA: Roger Espasa</h2><ul><li>Why a vector extension? Reduce instruction bandwidth, reduce memory
-bandwidth, lower energy, exposes DLP, masked execution, gather/scatter.
-Scalable from small to large vector processing unit.</li><li>The vector ISA in a nutshell<ul><li>32 vector registers. Each can hold either a scalar, vector, or a matrix
-(shape). Each has an associated type (polymorphic encoding). There are a
-variable number of registers (dynamically changeable).</li><li>Vector instruction semantics: all instructions are controlled by the
-Vector Length (VL) register and can be executed under mask. Precise
-exceptions are supported.</li></ul></li><li>Suppose you&rsquo;re adding two vector registers: <code>vadd v1, v2 -&gt; v0</code>. If the
-vector length is less than maximum vector length, the remaining values must be
-zeroed.</li><li>You could implement this how you like. Might choose to have a 2-lane
-implementation (two FP adders), or 4-lane, or even 8-lane (SIMD, doing all in
-one cycle). The number of lanes is transparent to the programmer and the same
-code runs independent of the number of lanes.</li><li>Data inside a VREG could be a single scalar value, a vector, or a matrix
-(optionally). The current shape is held in the per-vreg type field.<ul><li>e.g. <code>vadd v1, v2.s -&gt; v0</code>. This adds the scalar value in v2 to every
-value in vector v1.</li></ul></li><li>Masks are stored in regular vector registers (i.e. there will not be
-separate mask registers). Masks are computed with compare operations, and
-instructions use 2 bits of encoding to select masked execution.<ul><li>e.g. <code>vadd v3, v4, v1.t -&gt; v5</code>.</li><li>v1 is the only register used as mask source.</li></ul></li><li>Vector load (unit stride). <code>vld 80(x3) -&gt; v5</code> will Vector Length elements.</li><li>Stride vector load. <code>vlds 80(x3, x9) -&gt; v5</code> performs a strided load.</li><li>Gather (indexed vector load). <code>vldx 80(x3, v2) -&gt; v5</code>. This uses a vector to
-hold offsets. Repeated addresses are legal.</li><li>Vector store: <code>vst v5 -&gt; 80(x3)</code>. Note that zeroes won&rsquo;t be written when MVL
-is larger than the vector length.</li><li>Scatter (indexed vector store). <code>vstx v5 -&gt; 80(x3, v2)</code>. Will probably have
-two version of scatter, where one has guarantees about the ordering or stores
-to repeated addresses.</li><li>Ordering:<ul><li>From the point of view of a given hart, vector loads and stores happen in
-order. You don&rsquo;t need any fences to see your own stores.</li><li>From the point of view of other harts, see the vector memory accesses as
-if done by a scalar loop. This means they can be seen out-of-order by other
-harts.</li></ul></li><li>Typed vector registers:<ul><li>Each vector register has an associated type, which can be different for
-different registers.</li><li>Types can be mixed in an instruction under certain rules.</li><li>Register types enable a &ldquo;polymorphic&rdquo; encoding an is also more scalable
-for the future.</li></ul></li><li>vcvt is used for type and data conversions.</li><li>In some cases, types can be mixed in an instruction. e.g. adding <code>v1_i8,
-v2_i64 -&gt; v0_i64</code>. When any source is smaller than the destination, the source
-is promoted to the destination size.</li><li>The size of the vector register file is not set by the ISA. It is configured
-by writing to the vdcfg CSR. When doing this, the hardware computes the
-maximum vector length. This configuration can be done in user mode.<ul><li>One implementation choice is to always return the same MVL, regardless of
-config. Alternatively, split storage across logical registers, perhaps
-losing some space.</li></ul></li><li>E.g the hardware has 32 registers, 4 elements per vector, each 4 bytes = 512
-bytes. If the user asks for 32 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (32 * 4) = 4</code>. If
-the user asked for only 2 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (4+4) = 64</code>. But it
-would be legal for the implementation to return something smaller, e.g. 4 as
-in the previous example.</li><li>If the user asks for 2 F16 regs and 2 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (12B +
-4B) = 32</code>.</li><li>MVL is transparent to software, meaning code can be portable across
-different number of lanes and different values of MVL.</li><li>Not covered today: exceptions, kernel save + restore, custom types, or
-matrix shapes.</li><li>Goal is to be the best vector ISA ever! Expect LLVM and GCC to support it.</li><li>Current spec on GitHub is out-of-date.</li></ul><h2 id=security-task-group-update-and-risc-v-security-extension-richard-newell:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Security task group update and RISC-V security extension: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>The security working group works in two main areas. Trusted execution /
-isolation and cryptographic extensions. Recently had changes in direction for
-trusted execution / isolation.</li><li>This talk will focus on the cryptographic extensions status. Hope to have a
-written spec for the next workshop.</li><li>Want to rely heavily on the vector extensions for crypto.</li><li>Use vector functional units to perform modular and Galois Field arithmetic
-needed for existing popular and promising post-quantum asymmetric cryptography
-schemes. Also accelerate symmetric block ciphers and digest algorithms taking
-advantage of the wide vector registers, using specialized VFUs (e.g. AES,
-SHA-2).</li><li>Asymmetric crypto acceleration: use hardware support for modular arithmetic,
-but software for group operations and point multiplication.</li><li>Propose vector element widths up to 4096, as well as an escape mechanism to
-allow larger widths or non-power-of-two widths.</li><li>Intend to use just one major opcode for the cryptographic extension.</li><li>Richard presented a handy slide summarising the algorithms used in crypto
-suites / libraries. Be sure to check it out once the slides become available!</li><li>Proposing to define profiles that define the required crypto algorithms.
-e.g. a profile for &ldquo;internet&rdquo;, &ldquo;finance&rdquo;, and &ldquo;cellular&rdquo;.</li></ul><h2 id=using-proposed-vector-and-crypto-extensions-for-fast-and-secure-boot-richard-newell:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Using proposed vector and crypto extensions for fast and secure boot: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>Richard is giving a great summary of implementing various crypto algorithms
-using the proposed crypto extensions, but unfortunately it&rsquo;s difficult to
-summarise the information presented in these diagrams.</li><li>Expect a huge speedup vs the ARM Cortex-M3 for an appropriate RV32IVY
-implementation (though very dependent on the hardware that is implemented).</li><li>Performed a case study using WalnutDSA signature verification, developed by
-SecureRF. Saw a 3x speedup with crypto extensions vs without crypto
-extensions.</li></ul><h2 id=using-risc-v-as-a-security-processor-for-darpa-chips-and-commercial-iot-mark-beal:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Using RISC-V as a security processor for DARPA CHIPS and Commercial IoT: Mark Beal</h2><ul><li>This talk is about leveraging RISC-V to deliver integrated hw/sw silicon IP.</li><li>The Intrinsix secure execution environment contains a tiny RISC-V core,
-crypto engines, secure fabric, as well as software.</li><li>Add a security CPU to provide an isolated execution environment. It&rsquo;s easier
-to verify the separation between secure and non-secure actions. Costs less
-than 1% of silicon area (20K gates).</li><li>Implement RV32IC with machine and user modes. 2-stage pipeline with a local
-ROM And RAM. The IRAM can only hold signed code, is fetch-only, and is locked
-after authentication.</li><li>Security RV32 runs signed firmware in user mode, and only executes from
-hardwired ROM in machine mode.</li><li>Suppose you have Zephyr running on Rocket, using TinyCrypt as the crypto
-API. Replace TinyCrypt on Rocket with a call to an API running on the Secure
-RV32.</li></ul><h2 id=isa-formal-task-group-update-rishiyur-nikhil:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>ISA Formal Task Group Update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>A formal spec is a key requirement to be able to definitively answer
-questions about compiler correctness and implementation correctness. e.g. will
-executing this RISC-V program on this implementation produce correct results?<br>For all RISC-V programs?</li><li>Clifford Wolf has demonstrated the value of formal spaces in identifying
-bugs in most publicly available RISC-V implementations.</li><li>The formal spec must be clear and understandable to the human reader,
-precise and complete, machine readable, executable, and usable with a variety
-of formal tools.<ul><li>English-text specs and instruction set simulators can be regarded as
-specs, but typically do not meet many of these goals.</li></ul></li><li>Our approach is to use a very minimal subset of Haskell to define a spec
-that is directly executable in Haskell. Then provide parsers to connect to
-other formal tools and formats.</li><li>See the current prototype
-<a href=https://github.com/mit-plv/riscv-semantics>here</a>.</li><li>Done: RV32I/RV64I, M, priv spec M. Currently ignoring memory model issues.
-Soon want to implement privilege spec supervisor mode, then A, C, F, D,
-integration with the memory model.</li></ul><h2 id=strong-formal-verification-for-risc-v-adam-chlipala:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Strong formal verification for RISC-V: Adam Chlipala</h2><ul><li>Simplify: start by proving a shallow property, proving some straight-forward
-invariants.</li><li>Simplify: analyze isolated components and build larger components by
-composing them.</li><li>Want to avoid starting over for each design. Instead prove a property once
-for all parameters.</li><li>Kami is a framework to support implementing, specifying, formally verifying,
-and compiling hardware designs. It is based on the Bluespec high-level
-hardware design language and the Coq proof assistant.</li><li>The big ideas (from Bluespec):<ul><li>Program modules are objects with mutable private state accessed via
-methods.</li><li>Every method call appears to execute atomically. So any step is summarized
-by a trace of calls.</li></ul></li><li>Object refinement is inclusion of all possible traces.</li><li>Composing objects hides internal method calls.</li><li>Use standard Coq ASCII syntax for mathematical proofs. These are checked
-automatically, just like type checking. Also benefit from streamlined IDE
-support for Coq.</li><li>Implement a design, which can be refined to check it against the spec (Coq
-tactics are used to prove the refinements). The design is also used to
-generate the RTL.</li><li>We are building a translator for the formal RISC-V ISA spec into the
-language of Coq/Kami.</li><li>Building an open library of formally verified components. Built a
-microcontroller-class RV32I. Working on desktop-class RV64IMA. Also have a
-cache-coherent memory system.</li><li>Reuse our proofs when composing our components with your own formally
-verified accelerators.</li></ul><h2 id=grvi-phalanz-update-jan-gray:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>GRVI Phalanz Update: Jan Gray</h2><ul><li>The industry is looking to FPGAs to help accelerate cloud workloads.</li><li>Software challenge is how to map you multithreaded C++ app to your
-accelerator. On the hardware side, you want to avoid endless tapeouts as you
-tweak your algorithm.</li><li>GRVI Phalanx Accelerator Kit is a parallel processor overlay for
-software-first accelerators. Recompile your application and run on hundreds of
-RISC-V cores.</li><li>GRVI: FPGA-efficient RISC-V processing element. No CSRs or exceptions, but
-does implement mul and lr/sc.<ul><li>3-stage pipeline with some resources shared by a pair of cores. Fits in
-320 LUTs.</li><li>Take 8 of these and connect to form a cluster (8PEs, shared RAM). Takes
-approximately 3500 LUTs.</li></ul></li><li>Compose cores using message passing on the FPGA-optimised Hoplite NoC.</li><li>Use a partitioned global address space (PGAS).</li><li>Phalanx: fabric of clusters of PEs, memories, IOs</li><li>FPGAs used in the AWS F1 are huge, over 1.3M LUTs. Last December, fit 1680
-RISC-V cores on that FPGA. 250MHz, 420GIPS, 2.5TB/s cluster memory bandwidth,
-&hellip;</li><li>Working on a GRVI Phalanx SDK. Bridge the Phalanx and AX4 system interfaces
-with message passing bridges.</li><li>8-80 cores on the Pynq.</li><li>Can fit 884 cores on the FPGA on the F1 with 3 DDR controllers, 1240 with 1
-DDR controller.</li><li>Currently program using bare metal multithreaded C++ and message. Working on
-an OpenCL-based solution. Use the new &lsquo;SDAccell for RTL&rsquo;.</li><li>SDK coming, allowing 8-80-800-10000 core designs. All enabled by the
-excellent RISC-V ecosystem.</li></ul><h2 id=a-tightly-coupled-light-weight-neural-network-processing-unit-with-risc-v-core-lei-zhang:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>A tightly-coupled light-weight neural network processing unit with RISC-V Core: Lei Zhang</h2><ul><li>Neural networks can be used to replace computation-intensive but
-error-resilient code.</li><li>Connected a tightly-coupled neural accelerator to a Rocket core through the
-RoCC interface.</li><li>Extended the instruction set. Added NPE instructions for neural accelerator
-initialisation and invocation. Also DMA instructions for data initialization
-in a buffer. Finally, AGU instructions for data streaming from buffer to
-processing elements.</li><li>The Neural Accelerator is a one-dimensional systolic array.</li></ul><h2 id=lacore-a-risc-v-based-linear-algebra-accelerator-for-soc-designs-samuel-steffi:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Lacore: A RISC-V based linear algebra accelerator for SoC designs: Samuel Steffi</h2><ul><li>Linear algebra is a foundation of high performance computing.</li><li>Most HPC apps can be reduced to a handful of computation classes:
-sparse/dense linear algebra, FFT, structured/unstructured grids. These all
-have overlap with linear algebra.</li><li>LACore targets a wide range of applications and tries to overcome hardware
-issues of other approaches (GPU, fixed-function accelerators).</li><li>Five main pieces in the LACore additions to the scalar SCPU<ul><li>LAExecUnit: mixed-precision systolic datapath connected to LAMemUnits with
-FIFOs. 3 inputs and 1 output, dual precision (32 and 64-bit). Datapath
-consists of a vector unit and a reduction unit.</li><li>LAMemUnits: read and write data-streams to the datapath FIFOs and
-LACache/Scratchpad. Can read or write scalars, vectors, matrices, and sparse
-matrices.</li><li>LAcfg provides configuration to LAMemUnits. These registers hold all info
-about data-stream type, precision, location etc.</li><li>64kb scratchpad (3r1w).</li><li>64kb LACache with 4 ports (3r1w) and 16 banks</li></ul></li><li>Adding 68 new instructions, broadly split into 3 classes: configuration,
-data movement, and execution.</li><li>The LACoreAPI allows the accelerator to be programmed.</li><li>Started by implementing in gem5. This was ~25kloc of C++ and Python.</li><li>Implemented the HPC Challenge (HPCC) benchmark suite. Compared versus a
-in-order RISC-V core, superscalar x86 core with SSE2, and equivalent Fermi GPU
-with 2 streaming multiprocessors. LACore saw a speedup of 3.43x over x86,
-10.72x vs baseline RISC-V, and 12.04 vs the GPU baseline.</li><li>Estimated area is only 2.53x the area of a single RISC-V scalar CPU and
-0.60x the area of the equivalent GPU.</li><li>Freely available <a href=https://github.com/scale-lab/la-core>here</a>.</li><li>Currently working a LACore multi-core design and evaluation, as well as an
-ASIC implementation and eventual tapeout.</li></ul><h2 id=packet-manipulation-processor-a-risc-v-vliw-core-for-networking-applications-salvatore-pontarelli:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Packet manipulation processor. A RISC-v VLIW core for networking applications: Salvatore Pontarelli</h2><ul><li>Network &ldquo;softwareization&rdquo; is seen as the optimal solution to design next
-generation network infrastructures, services, and applications.</li><li>Want high speed: 100-200Gbps (as achievable with FPGAs and network
-processors) and beyond, 5Tbps as achievable with programmable forwarding
-dataplanes.</li><li>Propose an architecture where programmable forwarding dataplanes are
-augmented with a PMP (packet manipulation processor)</li><li>Design a small, efficient CPU for packet manipulation. Deploy the PMP at the
-output port. Want to process packets at 10/40Gbps.</li><li>Possible programmable actions: inband packet reply, custom tunneling,
-NAT/PNAT.</li><li>The PMP has a small instruction memory (typically need less than 8K
-instructions). Small data memory (8KB). Flat memory, no cache hierarchy.</li><li>PMP throughput: 10Gbps is 14.88Mpps, 67 clock cycles at 1GHz. A multi-core
-CPU is one approach, but has challenges regarding the reordering of packets.
-Pursue a VLIW solution instead.</li><li>The PMP is a static 8-issue VLIW RISC-V core with the RV32I instruction set.
-Has a 32-bit dataplane (to be upgraded). Written in VHDL. Features branch
-prediction, lane forwarding.</li><li>Implemented in a NetFPGA based programmable dataplane.</li><li>Synthesized at 250MHz on FPGA.</li></ul><h2 id=adding-a-binarized-cnn-accelerator-to-risc-v-for-person-detection-guy-lemieux:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Adding a Binarized CNN Accelerator to RISC-V for Person Detection: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>This talk uses VectorBlox Vector instructions, which are not the same as the
-vector instructions proposed in the RISC-V vector working group.</li><li>Prototyped in the Lattice iCE40 UltraPlus FPGA (5280 LUTs, 1Mb SRAM).</li><li>Inspired by BinaryConnect. Built a custom database, performed other
-optimisations, and managed 98% accuracy.</li><li>Use Orca (open source, BSD licensed). Written in VHDL, 200MHz fully
-pipelined, less than 2000 4LUTs.</li><li>Added streaming vector extensions and binary CNN accelerator.</li><li>The streaming vector instructions (SVE) operate only on stream memory. Add
-streaming version of all the base RV32 integer operations, multiply
-instructions. Add in some extra instructions such as mov, conditional move,
-comparisons, and vector control instructions. Packed SIMD can be supported
-naturally with this approach to vectors.</li><li>Would also like to add an extra SVE extension for DMA.</li><li>SVE has a base 32-bit encoding, as well an extended 64-bit encoding.</li><li>Can redirect the data to a domain-specific streaming pipeline.</li><li>4852 4-input LUTs for the whole solution.</li><li>Releasing the VectorBlox instruction set as an open specification, and
-joining the RISC-V vector working group to discuss it as a potential
-alternative.</li><li>SVE vs the RISC-V vector extension<ul><li>A &ldquo;memory-to-memory&rdquo; architecture, challenging the conventional wisdom of
-RISC.</li><li>No named vector registers in the ISA (no register allocation, no compiler
-changes needed)</li><li>High performance. Free loop unrolling, no saving/restoring of vector data.</li><li>No storage wasted with streaming memory. Free software scratchpad if
-vectors aren&rsquo;t used.</li><li>Easier/simpler hardware. Double-buffered DMA instead of prefetching +
-vector register renaming.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc5-improving-support-for-risc-v-in-gem5-alex-roelke:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>RISC5. Improving support for RISC-V in gem5: Alex Roelke</h2><ul><li>gem5 is a popular cycle approximate simulator, which can be very useful in
-RISC-V hardware development.</li><li>RISC-V in gem5 supports RV64GC. It uses syscall emulation and doesn&rsquo;t yet
-support the privileged ISA.</li><li>Implemented the release consistency memory model for atomics.</li><li>Floating point support was verified against spike and a hardware design.</li><li>The main challenge when implementing the compressed instruction was
-interfacing with gem5&rsquo;s existing decode logic.</li><li>In the future, want to support multithreaded workloads in syscall emulation
-mode, enable full system mode (privileged ISA), and correct minor differences
-(e.g. floating point rounding).</li></ul><h2 id=renode-a-flexible-open-source-simulation-for-risc-v-system-development-michael-gielda:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>Renode. A flexible open-source simulation for RISC-V system development: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>AntMicro was founded in 2009 and has been developing Renode since 2010.</li><li>Why did we build Renode? Observed data workflows for embedded development.
-Needed a fast simulator for software developers, as close to production as
-possible. Must support multi-node simulation, easy reuse of models, and be
-extensible.</li><li>It is an instruction set simulator, mostly written in C#. It supports fully
-deterministic execution, transparent debugging, integration with familiar
-tools (e.g. GDB).</li><li>Renode is open source, has a flexible structure and is constructed out of
-modular building blocks.</li><li>The platform description format is human readable, modular, and extendible.</li><li>Worked with Microsemi to support the Mi-V platform, integrate with
-SoftConsole IDE, and support Windows as a first-class platform.</li><li>Renode supports a range of handy features, such as fault injection,
-record/replay, and more.</li></ul><h2 id=qemu-based-hardware-modelling-of-a-multi-hard-risc-v-soc-daire-mcnamara:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>QEMU-based hardware modelling of a multi-hard RISC-V SoC: Daire McNamara</h2><ul><li>Wanted to explore have separate execution contexts on the same SoC that are
-free from interference (e.g. one core running an RTOS, while others run a
-general purpose OS).</li><li>In the SiFive Unleashed platform, the E51 provides services for other U54
-harts.</li><li>E51 services/peripheral drivers are implemented as event-driven state
-machines. These are describes via a structure and states are named.</li><li>Needed an emulator to model all of this.</li><li>Modified RISC-V QEMU:<ul><li>Updated privileged spec support.</li><li>Hart synchronisation (IPIs)</li><li>Modelling physical memory protection</li><li>PLIC, CLINT, local interrupts</li><li>Support for managing contexts of multiple harts</li><li>Modelling L1/L2 cache configuration register writes/reads</li><li>&hellip;</li></ul></li><li>U54-MC QEMU hasn&rsquo;t yer been upstreamed to the main RISC-V QEMU github repo
-yet.</li><li>Can boot Linux to console and interact, but it&rsquo;s a little slow (takes about
-15 minutes).</li><li>Future plans: improve speed, add vectorisation for local interrupts, device
-tree support, QOM, remote control of real hardware. Finally, clean up and
-upstream.</li></ul><h2 id=firesim-cycle-accurate-rack-scale-system-simulation-using-fpgas-in-the-public-cloud-sagar-karandikar:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782>FireSim. Cycle-Accurate Rack-Scale System Simulation using FPGAs in the Public Cloud: Sagar Karandikar</h2><ul><li>Why simulate datacenters? Next-gen datacenters won&rsquo;t be built only from
-commodity components, and custom hardware is changing faster than ever.</li><li>Our simulator needs to model hardware at scale (CPUs down to
-microarchitecture, fast networks and switches, novel accelerators), run real
-software, and be usable.</li><li>One way to test would be to build the hardware, get the chips back, then
-network together into a datacenter. This has obvious disadvantages.</li><li>Alternatively, use a software simulator. Easy to prototype new hardware this
-way, but also easy to model something that you can&rsquo;t build. Additionally, it
-can be very slow to run, requiring the use of small microbenchmarks or
-sampling.</li><li>Or, build a hardware-accelerated simulator (see DIABLO). You need to
-hand-write RTL models, which in many ways is harder than &ldquo;tapeout-ready&rdquo; RTL.</li><li>How do we improve? Harness useful hardware trends such as the open RISC-V
-SoC, open silicon designs, high productivity hardware design languages
-(Chisel), FPGAs in the cloud.</li><li>FireSim target design: server blades, each with quad-core RISC-V Rocket at
-3.2GHz, 16KiB I+D cache, 256KiB L2, 16Gb DRAM, 200Gbps Ethernet NIC, optional
-accelerators. The network has parameterisable bandwidth/link latency and a
-configurable topology.</li><li>Transform the RTL to simulate on the FPGA. For the network simulation, use
-CPUs and the host network (one thread per port).</li><li>FAME-1 transforming RTL: given RTL, want to automatically transform it into
-decoupled cycle-accurate simulator RTL that we can run on the FPGA.</li><li>Can pack four quad-core server simulations per FPGA, meaning 32 server
-simulations per f1.16xlarge (128 simulated cores). Use a 32-port 200Gbps
-per-port top of rack switch model. The simulation runs at 5MHz (~400 million
-instructions/second). $13.20/hr on-demand, ~$2.60/hr on the spot market.</li><li>Can scale to simulating a 1024 node RISC-V datacenter. Ran across 32
-f1.16xlarge instances. In aggregate, runs at 3.4MHz (13 billions insts/s
-across the simulated datacenter).</li><li>Can also achieve &ldquo;functional&rdquo; network simulation. e.g. allowing all of
-SPECInt06-ref to run on Rocket Chip at 150MHz (completing in less than one
-day).</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,17 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 12, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>lowRISC 0.5 milestone release</a>
-is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>accompanying
-documentation</a>, but the main focus
-is the integration of open-source Ethernet IP. The tutorial demonstrates how
-to use Ethernet support to boot with an NFS root, as well as with a rootfs on
-SD card.</p><p>Our main development focus currently is migrating to a newer version of the
-upstream Rocket chip design and reintegrating our changes on top of that, but
-we felt that the integration of Ethernet support merits a release before that
-change.</p><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
-repository</a>, or discuss on our
-<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing
-list</a>.
-As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
-advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/"></head></html>
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@@ -1,170 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 8, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/>eighth RISC-V
-workshop</a> is
-going
-on today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
-announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Follow <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>here</a> for the
-day two live blog.</p><p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/>available at
-riscv.org</a>.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>This workshop has 325 attendees representing 101 companies and 25
-universties. Largest outside of Silicon Valley.</li><li>Rick gives the usual overview of the RISC-V Foundation structure.</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation currently has over 150 members, including invidual
-members. These members are distributed across 25 countries around the world.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Krste gives an overview of the RISC-V ISA for newcomers.</li><li>RISC-V encoding terminology.<ul><li>Standard: defined by the Foundation</li><li>Reserved: Foundation might eventually use this space for future standard
-extensions.</li><li>Custom: Space for impelmenter-specific extensions, never claimed by
-Foundation.</li></ul></li><li>The RISC-V big tent philosophy: enable all types of RISC-V implementation,
-from 32-bit microcontrollers with 1KiB SRAM up to 64-bit Unix servers with
-virtualisation or 128-bit 100k-core supercomputer with PiBs DRAM, open or
-proprietary business models, non-conforming extensions, software
-implementations (e.g. QEMU), &hellip;<ul><li>Minimize wasted work through maximum reuse. Factor out platform-level
-requirements from reusable ISA and software modules</li><li>Use standard platform profiles to reduce ecosystem effort.</li></ul></li><li>A system is minimally RISC-V-ISA-compliant if it runs claimed RISC-V
-unprivileged code correctly. e.g. gcc-compiled RV32IMAC functions work
-correctly. Platform must support loading program, returning result etc.</li><li>One set of unprivileged ISA compliance tests should be able to run on any
-platform. There is a challenge here in handling tiny platforms, e.g. 1KiB
-SRAM.</li><li>A platform specification provides tight constraints on system configuration
-and options to support a software ecosystem.<ul><li>It provides an interface between platform hardware and software, including
-privileged levels.</li><li>Avoid unnecessary duplication. Where it&rsquo;s possible to define a common
-standard, do so.</li><li>Platform compliance tests will be built in collaboration with the relevant
-ecosystem. e.g. server platform compliance, ZephyrOS platform compliance.</li></ul></li><li>Software is king in the RISC-V land<ul><li>ISA extensions need compiler/linker/library support</li><li>There&rsquo;s no point adding instructions if no software wants to use it.</li><li>ISA proposals should be sensible to implement.</li><li>Finished now is better than perfect sometime. But at the same time,
-shouldn&rsquo;t rush to freeze a spec before it&rsquo;s ready.</li></ul></li><li>Open-source hardware vs software<ul><li>Some lessons from the free/open source software community apply, but many
-things are different. e.g. very large investments in hardware that cannot be
-changed once manufactured, threat of patent lawsuits</li></ul></li><li>Major milestones in 2017<ul><li>Fixed holes in user ISA, no changed now in IMAFDQC</li><li>Froze priv-1.10 spec. Updates must be backwards compatible</li><li>Memory model work</li><li>Linux ABI frozen</li><li>Debug spec completed</li></ul></li><li>2018 initiatives<ul><li>Working to prepare the base ISA for ratifications</li><li>Formal spec in progress</li><li>Hypervisor spec done, need implementations</li><li>Crypto in progress</li><li>J (dynamic translation / runtimes) in progress</li><li>Packed SIMD in progress</li><li>Security task group ongoing</li><li>Fast interrupts started</li><li>Trace started</li><li>Krste comments it may take longer to finish these things vs comparable
-industry projects. Have many more stakeholders giving input.</li></ul></li><li>2018 embedded platform<ul><li>New ABI for embedded (e.g. long double = 64bit)</li><li>Build on RV32E</li><li>compiler/library work for improved code compression</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V and security<ul><li>Set up security standing committee. Chaired by Helena Handschuh (Rambus),
-vice-chair Joe Kiniry (Galois Research).</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=the-state-of-risc-v-software-palmer-dabbelt:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>The state of RISC-V software: Palmer Dabbelt</h2><ul><li>Palmer shows a picture of Xorg with web browser, terminal, webcam, and a 3d
-video game all running on a RISC-V core (SiFive Unleashed with Microsemi
-add-on board).</li><li>GNU-based toolchains<ul><li>binutils, gcc, glibc, newlib all upstreamed.</li></ul></li><li>The RISC-V Linux kernel port was upstreamed in January 2018. It only
-supports RV64I systems for now, and is currently missing some platform
-drivers. Help would be welcomed in getting these upstream.</li><li>RISC-V Fedora and Debian support is in progress</li><li>RISC-V LLVM port is making rapid progress. RV32IMFDC upstream. [As a
-correction to the talk, compressed support is upstream - thanks to
-contributions from Andes Tech and Qualcomm!]</li><li>Bootloaders: U-boot is upstream, TianoCore is a work in progress. Coreboot
-RISC-V support is upstream but a little out of date. UEFI standard process is
-ongoing.</li><li>Embedded runtimes: Zephry is upstream, seL4 upstream, FreeRTOS exists but
-isn&rsquo;t upstream, Micrium uC/OS is available, as is ThreadX.</li><li>Debugging: GDB port upstream, OpenOCD exists but not upstream. Also
-commercial debuggers: Segger, Lauterbach, UltraSoC, IAR is upcoming.</li><li>The core software stack has been supported by a consortium of developers
-from a range of companies.</li><li>RISC-V software implementations: Spike, RV8, Renode, QEMU (upstreamed and
-included in a upstream release about a week ago)</li><li>There are also commercial simulators, such as Imperas OVP and Esperanto&rsquo;s
-simulator.</li><li>Help wanted: OpenJDK JIT port, Arduino runtime</li><li>The RISC-V platform specification working group will define profiles for
-types of RISC-V systems. e.g. bare-metal embedded, RTOS, embedded Linux,
-portable Linux.</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-vector-isa-update-roger-espassa:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>The RISC-V vector ISA update: Roger Espassa</h2><ul><li>The spec isn&rsquo;t yet ready&hellip;but it&rsquo;s getting really close</li><li>Updates and discussion points:<ul><li>Register types moved to an extension.</li><li>Widening multiplies</li><li>Debating whether reductions should be in base or not</li><li>Worked on overlaying V-reg and F-reg to save state, decided against it</li><li>Fixed point vclip instructions</li><li>Mask support for speculative vectorisation</li><li>Possibility to fit integer MADD within encoding</li></ul></li><li>Scalar support: the encoding allows indicating that the destination vreg is
-a &ldquo;scalar shape&rdquo;. Introduce VLO/VSO to load/store single scalar elements.</li><li>Roger is outlining the newly introduced instructions. I can&rsquo;t usefully
-summarise these, so you&rsquo;re best waiting for the slides to be published.</li><li>vclip is introduced to help support fixed point.</li><li>FP16 operations are introduced and are required for the V extension.</li><li>The vector extension introduces interesting instructions such as vector-fpr
-merge, vector-fp merge, slide down / slide up</li><li>Plan to close the base spec very soon</li><li>Want to see compiler output before bringing for ratification</li><li>Haven&rsquo;t yet started on formal spec for the vector ISA</li></ul><h2 id=the-isa-formal-spec-technical-update-rishiyur-nikhil:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>The ISA formal spec technical update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>What what use is an ISA formal spec?<ul><li>Answer questions about compiler correctness. Will executing a certain two
-C programs produce the same results? For all inputs? For all C and
-corresponding RISC-V programs?</li><li>Answer questions on implementation correctness. Will executing this progam
-produce correct results? On all RISC-V processors?</li></ul></li><li>ISA formal spec goals<ul><li>Clear and understandable to the human reader. Precise and complete.
-Machine readable. Executable (run RISC-V programs, boot an OS). Usable with
-various formal tools.</li></ul></li><li>Key issues<ul><li>RISC-V&rsquo;s modularity. A wide range of options, some of which are
-dynamically selectable or can vary between privilege levels. The spec needs
-to capture all combinations and still remain readable.</li><li>Extensibility. Want to allow people to build upon the formal spec to add
-support their own extensions.</li><li>Non-detterminism and concurrency.</li></ul></li><li>Status. Various approaches are being pursued: 3 projects in Haskell, 1
-project in SAIL, 1 project in L3, another in a &lsquo;functional subset&rsquo; of Verilog<ul><li>One of the Haskell projects (led by a team at MIT) is furthest along.
-Models RV32I, RV64I, M, priv U+S+M, Sv39 VM</li></ul></li><li>Next steps: within a couple of months publish a formal spec that is complete
-for RV32IMAC, RV64IMAC, user+supervisor+machine mode, sv32+sv39, and a simple
-sequential memory model. Liaise with the compliance group to use the formal
-spec as a golden reference for compliance suites. Then work to integrate with
-the weak memory model.</li><li>Potential follow-up projects (by community?)<ul><li>Formally show equivalences between different ISA formalisations</li><li>Demonstrate extensibility to other standard options (e.g. vector, crypto)</li><li>Use it! (to provide correctness of hardware implementations, compilers,
-&hellip;)</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2><ul><li>The specification is released for public comment, which will run through to
-June 16th.</li><li>Fundamentally, the RISC-V memory consistency model specifies the values that
-can be returned by loads.</li><li>The RISC-V memory model specification defines the RISC-V weak memory
-ordering (RVWMO) model and extensions: Zam (misaligned atomics), Ztso (Total
-Store Ordering).</li><li>Global memory order (GMO): a total order over the memory operations
-generated by the instructions in each program</li><li>GMO is constrained by the Preserved Program Order (PPO)</li><li>Load Value Axiom</li><li>Atomicity Axiom: no store from another hart can appear in the global memory
-order between a paired LR and successful SC (see spec for full details of
-rule)</li><li>Progress Axiom: no memory operation may be preceded in the global memory
-order by an infinite sequence of other memory operations</li><li>Misaligned AMOs are not supported in the base &lsquo;A&rsquo; extension, but can be
-supported with the &lsquo;Zam&rsquo; extension.</li><li>Ztso strengthens the baseline memory model to TSO, but TSO-only code is not
-backwards-compatible with RVWMO.</li><li>Authored two appendices which give lengthy explanations in plain English as
-well as axiomatic and operational models. More than 7000 litmus tests are
-available online.</li><li>Ongoing/future work<ul><li>Mixed-size, partially overlappy memory accesses</li><li>Instruction fetches and fence.i, TL flushes and sfence.vma etc</li><li>Integrations with V, J, N, T extensions</li><li>&hellip;</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=software-drives-hardware-lessons-learned-and-future-directions-robert-oshana:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Software drives hardware. Lessons learned and future directions: Robert Oshana</h2><ul><li>Software engineers can innovate earlier/often and drive more specific core
-requirements for hardware design team</li><li>Software engineers like to dream of a simple single core running at very
-high clock rate, and zero latency unlimited bandwidth access to a single
-memory. A hardware engineers dreams of many cores at 1ghz with accelerators,
-separate memories etc.</li><li>Trying to achieve even faster development cycles.</li><li>Start with system modelling, move to system definition, and produce
-intrinsic libraries, new instructions, programming model details, and a Chisel
-model.</li><li>Moving towards &ldquo;software driven hardware&rdquo; to support the software
-programming model (2020).</li><li>NXP are using PULPino.</li><li>Challenge: establishing a robust open community for RISC-V. Want to see
-multiple vendors contributing back to the &lsquo;RISC-V ISA mainline&rsquo;.</li><li>Using RISC-V mainly as &lsquo;minion cores&rsquo;. Focused on efficient core designs and
-ISA enhancement for application-specific functionality. e.g. bit manipulation,
-crypto. Other innovation targets include a multi RISC-V core MCU SoC.</li><li>Embedded software engineers will take a bigger role in defining the SoC
-architecture<ul><li>Programming model</li><li>System optimsiation</li></ul></li><li>Open source RISC-V implementations will allow more software driven hardware.
-Ecosystem is vital to success.</li></ul><h2 id=unleashing-the-power-of-data-with-risc-v-martin-fink:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Unleashing the power of data with RISC-V: Martin Fink</h2><ul><li>Why has Western Digital made such a big commitment to RISC-V even though
-they&rsquo;re not in the processor business? Feel there&rsquo;s too much focus on the CPU,
-when the focus needs to be on the data.</li><li>Half the world&rsquo;s data lives on Western Digital devices.</li><li>First Western Digital RISC-V core. 2-way superscalar, mostly in-order core
-with 9 stage pipeline. RV32IMC, 1 load/store pipe, 1 multiplier, 1 divider, 4
-ALU engines.<ul><li>Performance targets at 28nm. Dhrystone greater than 2MIPS/Mhz, CoreMark
-over 3 CM/MH. 1GHz operation.</li><li>Built to show it can be done and better understand RISC-V</li><li>Most of the work went into the uncore.</li></ul></li><li>Produced a NAND controller SoC using RISC-V. Added instruction optimisations
-for NAND media handling.</li><li>Still on track to ship first products with RISC-V in 2019.</li><li>RISC-V in embedded<ul><li>Free and open IP connectivity buses enabling plug and play of proprietary
-and open source IPs</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V in enterprise<ul><li>Datacenter CPUs with smart, fast and open peripheral buses enable new
-compute paradigms for AI workloads</li></ul></li><li>General purpose architectures are no longer sufficient. Workload diversity
-demands diverse technologies and architectures.</li><li>Open source software licenses can apply to HDL, GDSII, Gerber. There is more
-work still needed though.</li><li>Strong believer in the GPLv2. The troubling part about permissive licensing
-is it allows people to do proprietary things without sharing. Pragmatically,
-many companies gravitate towards permissive licenses like Apache. Hope to move
-work word towards copyleft over time.</li><li>Western Digital is working to support development of open source IP building
-blocks for the community. Will actively partner and invest in the ecosystem.
-Accelerate development of purpose-built processors for a broad range of Big
-Data and Fast Data environments.</li><li>There is a multi-year transition of Western Digital devices, platforms and
-systems to RISC-V.</li><li>Question from the audience: will Western Digital be open sourcing their
-cores? Would like to, but not making a commitment today. One of the challenges
-is uncoupling from the uncore. Ultimately hope to share cores and IP blocks.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-debugging-custom-isa-extensions-multicore-dtm-variants-markus-goehrle:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>RISC-V debugging. Custom ISA extensions, multicore, DTM variants: Markus Goehrle</h2><ul><li>Support for a variety of external and internal interfaces, as well as
-interconnections of standard debug transport modules (DTM).</li><li>TRACE32 has Linux-awareness, including the ability to view resources such as
-task and kernel modules, addresses of dynamic objects etc.</li><li>Support heterogeneous systems, custom ISA extensions</li><li>Found that a lot of customers have built something based on the draft debug
-specification, as well as others who implement their own custom debug IP.
-People are also doing custom solutions for trace. The speaker strongly urges
-people to feed into the debug specification standardisation process.</li></ul><h2 id=gdb-for-risc-v-jeremy-bennett:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>GDB for RISC-V: Jeremy Bennett</h2><ul><li>GDB support was committed upstream as of early March, including basic bare
-metal support. This sees nightly regression tests with a pass rate above 99%.</li><li>Next steps include:<ul><li>XML target description support</li><li>Memory map support</li><li>Remote I/O support</li><li>Adding non-DWARF stack unwinding</li><li>Upstreaming a GDB Simulator</li><li>Linux application debugging</li></ul></li><li>GDB support for multicore debug is evolving, with support for multiple
-active inferiors with their own flow of control and address space. Each
-inferior is associated with a program space (symbol table and DWARF debug
-information) for the code running on that inferior.</li><li>Upstream GDB supports multiple concurrent inferiors which has been tested
-for RISC-V with a 36-core system. More work is needed for complex address
-spaces (e.g. where some memory is shared with other inferiors).</li></ul><h2 id=a-common-software-development-environment-for-many-core-risc-v-hardware-and-virtual-platforms-gajinder-panessar-and-simon-davidmann:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>A common software development environment for many-core RISC-V hardware and virtual platforms: Gajinder Panessar and Simon Davidmann</h2><ul><li>Talking today about a collaboration between Imperas and UltraSoC to provide
-a common environment for debugging simulation-based and hardware debug.</li><li>Chip designs are getting more complex, including asymmetric multi-core.</li><li>Embedded software is increasingly important and engineering intensive.</li><li>Traditionally use GDB, with one instance per core. This has little
-visibility as it only sees the memory space of the attached CPU. It also gives
-poor control, and bugs may occur non-deterministically.</li><li>Imperas provide a commercial simulation solution, running at 100-2000MIPS.<ul><li>This suports the Imperas &lsquo;MPD&rsquo; full platform debugger.</li></ul></li><li>UltraSoC provide IP for debug/monitoring for the whole SoC</li><li>Imperas and UltraSoC have collaborated to provide a common solution.</li></ul><h2 id=hifive-unleashed-world-s-first-multi-core-risc-v-linux-dev-board-yunsup-lee:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>HiFive unleashed. World&rsquo;s First Multi-Core RISC-V Linux Dev Board: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>When Instagram was acquired for $1B it has just 13 engineers. They achieved
-that partially by reusing open source software.</li><li>See SiFive silicon cloud services as a parallel to Amazon AWS. Offers a
-selection of CPU soft IPs, prototype ASICs, production ASICs.</li><li>Talking today about the Freedom Unleashed platform. Features 4 application
-cores and 1 embedded core.</li><li>The HiFive Unleashed board feature an SiFive FU540-C000, 8GB DDR4, Gigabit
-Ethernet port, 32MB Quad SPI flash, microSD card for removable storage,
-MicroUSB for debug and serial communication, digital GPIO pins, FMC connector.</li><li>Did a preliminary SPECINT2006 comparison. Competitive with A53 chips from
-Rockchip or Alwinner (higher than the lower-clocked Allwinner, but slower than
-the Rockchip).</li><li>Open-V: a SiFive/ONCHIP microcontroller based on Freedom Everywhere. Built
-in TSMC 180nm, 3.3mm x 2.6mm. 2.7M transistors. ONCHIP provided a range of
-analog IP, which were integrated with a SiFive E31 core. The components will
-be available through SiFive.</li><li>You can now submit proposals for your own freedom chip through the
-&ldquo;Democratizing Ideas&rdquo; program. Partners will be announced at the First Annual
-RISC-V Summit in December. Deadline is the end of October.</li><li>RISC-V is completing the innovation cycle of research, education, and
-industry.</li></ul><h2 id=hifive-unleashed-expansion-kit-ted-marena:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>HiFive unleashed expansion kit: Ted Marena</h2><ul><li>Marketing update: Looking for collaboration on a porting to RISC-V
-whitepaper. Would also like to see member companies communicating why they
-chose RISC-V.</li><li>Microsemi set up the MI-V ecosystem to support various RTOSes on soft RISC-V
-cores on FPGA.</li><li>The Mi-V HiFive Unleashed Expansion board connects to the HiFive board via
-FMC. Has PCIe connectors, SATA, HDMI, USB, microSD.</li><li>Porting an application from ARM to RISC-V is the same effort as porting from
-one ARM SoC to another. No two ARM SoCs have the same memory map or peripheral
-functionality. Neither will RISC-V SoCs.</li><li>Mi-V HiFive Unleashed board aims to accelerate the RISC-V Linux ecosystem,
-enabling the community to port tools, OSes, middleware, packages to RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=simulating-heterogeneous-multi-node-32-bit-and-64-bit-risc-v-systems-running-linux-and-zephry-with-renode-michael-gielda:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Simulating heterogeneous multi-node 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V systems running Linux and Zephry with Renode: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Antmicro: &lsquo;turn ideas into software-driven products&rsquo;</li><li>Check out renode.io</li><li>Renode is an open source instruction set simulator with a multi-layered
-framework on top. It mimics entire platforms.</li><li>Cores are implemented in C, and the rest is implemented in C&rsquo;, Python, or
-any .NET-compatible language.</li><li>Strengths include transparent and robust debugging, easy integration, rich
-model abstractions, &hellip;</li><li>Renode has a simple platform description format that is human readable,
-modular, and extendible.</li><li>Also have the capability to simulate entire networks or wireless and wired
-devices in one time domain.</li><li>Can save and restore whole simulation state.</li></ul><h2 id=debian-gnu-linux-port-for-risc-v-64-bit-manuel-fernandez-montecelo:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Debian GNU/Linux port for RISC-V 64-bit: Manuel Fernandez Montecelo</h2><ul><li>Goal is to have Debian ready to install and run on RISC-V systems.</li><li>Debian has more than 27k source packages, and also supports other kernels
-such as FreeBSD or GNU Hurd.</li><li>There are three kinds of Debian port<ul><li>Those outside of Debian infrastructure, e.g. Raspbian.</li><li>Unofficial/unsupported. Not in &lsquo;stable&rsquo; releases but hosted in Debian
-infrastructure.</li><li>Officially supported. Part of the &lsquo;stable&rsquo; releases and fully supported.</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V is currently unofficial, working its way towards officially
-supported.</li><li>Initial plan<ul><li>Bootstrap and create viable, basic OS disk images</li><li>Get it to the state of &lsquo;unofficial/unsupported&rsquo;</li><li>Move towards an official backend</li></ul></li><li>Why not 32-bit or 128-bit variants?<ul><li>Too early for 128</li><li>32-bit ports struggle to get large packages built. Plus less work has been
-done on 32-bit Linux-capable systems.</li></ul></li><li>Started in 2016, but went in haitus until late 2017/early 2018 for Linux and
-glibc upstreaming and freezing of the ABI.</li><li>25th Feb - 5th March: Cross-built base set of packages</li><li>5th - 13th March: First &lsquo;native&rsquo; build.</li><li>13th - 23rd March: Second &lsquo;native&rsquo; build in a clean environment (isolated
-environment similar to &lsquo;production&rsquo; auto-builders.</li><li>75% of packages are now there. Progress is slowing down as many of the
-remaining packages are either very large or difficult.</li><li>Uncovered a range of bugs in QEMU, toolchain and so on.</li><li>Manuel has a long lost of contributors to thank. Thank you to everyone who
-helped make this port happen!</li></ul><h2 id=fedora-on-risc-v-richard-jones:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Fedora on RISC-V: Richard Jones</h2><ul><li>Every few years Red Hat Enterprise Linux is forked from Fedora.</li><li>Red Hat and Fedora have a strong upstream first policy</li><li>Final bootstrap took 2 months. 16725 builds producing 12785 binary packages</li><li>The current build farm contains 2 HiFive unleashed boards, 11 qemu instances
-on 4 Intel servers.</li><li>The server market is worth about $80B/year annually. 3 billion physical
-servers are shipped a year. Of those, x86 servers are about 85% of the market
-by value.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t make these mistakes for the server market:<ul><li>Require manual intervention to choose the right bootloader/kernel per
-vendor</li><li>Require out of tree drivers or patches</li><li>No standards or constantly changing standards</li><li>No organisation providing direction on server standards</li><li>Incompatible variants of the ISA meaning a single kernel image can&rsquo;t be
-made</li><li>Breaking ABIs</li><li>Intimately tied to Linux so other OS vendors are excluded</li><li>Dev boards being too expensive for developers</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=smallest-risc-v-device-for-next-generation-edge-computing-seiji-munetoh:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Smallest RISC-V device for next-generation edge computing: Seiji Munetoh</h2><ul><li>First target application is authentication. HMAC-SHA256 and variants</li><li>Use optical communication for host/device comms</li><li>Use SRAM to emulate storage memory chip</li><li>The BootROM is synthesized and embedded in the SoC</li><li>The first generation processor utilises a PULPino core. Target GF14LP, 300um
-x 250uM. 2KB data SRAM. Plus authentication engine, analog custom circuits
-(LDO, clock/reset, PD/LED IF).</li><li>Created a 2.5D integrated device, use a silicon interposer less than 1mm2.
-Processor SoC plus 32KB MPI-SRAM, plus optical IO (MicroLED, MicroPD), plus
-power.</li><li>Evaluated the architecture using low cost FPGA boards (ZedBoard, Zybo,
-Arty).</li><li>Moved the instruction SRAM out of the processor die, and evaluate the
-performance effect of different widths between processor and external SRAM.
-Ended up using an 8-bit bus configuration.</li><li>Improved SHA256 performance by adding a hwardware engine.</li><li>Made a debug chip packaged in QFP64 wire-bond</li><li>Currently testing the 2.5D integrated device</li><li>The second generation device was taped out in Feb 2018, featuring a new SoC
-design with instruction cache, RF interface, sensors.</li></ul><h2 id=poster-and-demo-previews:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504>Poster and demo previews</h2><ul><li>Far too fast-paced to summarise. Be sure to come back tomorrow for a new
-liveblog. If you&rsquo;re here at the workshop, be sure to come and say hello during
-the poster session.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 9, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/>eighth RISC-V
-workshop</a> is
-continuing
-today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
-announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Look back <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>here</a> for
-the day one live blog.</p><p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/>available at
-riscv.org</a>.</p><h2 id=fast-interrupts-for-risc-v-krste-asanovic:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Embedded is a major use for RISC-V. There is a desire for faster interrupt
-handling with support for nested preempted interrupts.</li><li>Summary of current RISC-V interrupts<ul><li>Local interrupts are directly connected to one hart. There&rsquo;s no
-arbitration between harts to service. Determine cause through xcause CSR.
-Only two standard local interrupts (software, timer).</li><li>Global (external) interrupts are routed via the platform-level interrupt
-controller (PLIC) which arbitrates between multiple harts claiming an
-interrupt.</li></ul></li><li>The machine interrupt pending (mip) CSR contains bits for local software,
-local timer, and external interrupts (from the PLIC). It tells you which
-interrupts are present.</li><li>mie mirrors the layout of mip, and allows you to enable/disable interrupts.</li><li>mstatus keeps track of interrupt status, containing a small interrupt stack.</li><li>The interrupt is reported in the mcause CSR. The exception code indicates
-which interrupt was responsible - you might have to then interrogate the PLIC
-if it was an external interrupt.</li><li>mtvec (machine trap vector base) contains the address of the trap vector
-(&lsquo;base&rsquo;). It also contains bits which control whether interrupts are direct
-(all exceptions and interrupts jump to base) or vectored (exceptions go to
-base, interrupts are vectored).</li><li>There&rsquo;s two parts of an interrupt: what you were doing when it happened
-(state context), and what you&rsquo;re going to do. mepc and mstatus allow the
-contact to be saved and restored.</li><li>Problems with current interrupts:<ul><li>Hardware preemption is only possible by switching privileged modes</li><li>Fixed priority for local interrupts</li><li>The vector table holds jumps instructions, which can only jump +/- 1MiB. A
-free register would be required to jump further, resulting in even more
-instructions.</li><li>PLIC has variable priority, but the vectoring must be done in software.</li><li>The PLIC needs two memory accesses: one to claim it, one to indicate
-completion.</li><li>The Unix ABI (which is the only one that has been standardised) requires
-many registers to be saved/restored.</li></ul></li><li>Have had input via multiple proposals: Andes, Syntacore, Seagate, Liviu
-Ionescu, SiFive</li><li>There have been discussions on the list about the interrupt handler
-interface for software. It comes down to a choice between having the interrupt
-handler as a regular C function (requiring save/restore of all caller-save
-registers in hardware or software) or an inline handler which uses a gcc
-interrupt attribute to convert the function to always callee-save every
-register. Krste suggests both approaches are needed.</li><li>Krste explains how an &ldquo;interrupt&rdquo; attribute on a C function might work. In
-this example, every register is callee-saved, so registers are saved as you
-need to use them.</li><li>If you then went to call a function using the C ABI you need to save/restore
-8 arguments, 7 temporaries, and 1 return address. Even more if you have to
-save the floating point context. Krste argues that moving this to hardware
-isn&rsquo;t enough, you need a new ABI to reduce the amount of state.</li><li>A number of options have been proposed for vectoring.<ul><li>Having function pointers in a table. Downside is this is new functionality
-you&rsquo;d have to add to a pipeline.</li><li>The SiFive proposal is to add a new +/-2GiB offset instruction which is
-only visible in a new interrupt ISA mode. The advantage is the pipeline can
-treat this as a regular instruction fetch, albeit with a different encoding.</li></ul></li><li>Would like to allow each interrupt to be configured with its privilege mode
-and the &lsquo;interrupt level&rsquo; which describes the preemption level, and a
-priority.</li><li>To manage preempted context state it&rsquo;s necessary to push/pop
-mepc/mpp/mil/mie to a memory stack. You also need to remember the previous
-interrupt level, &lsquo;mil&rsquo;. Now multiple levels must be tracked, which Krste
-proposes could be stored in mcause.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-dsp-p-extension-proposal-chuan-hua-chang:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>RISC-V DSP (P) extension proposal: Chuan-Hua Chang</h2><ul><li>P extension task group will define and ratify a packed-SIMD DSP extension
-containing instructions which operate on XLEN-bit integer registers. It will
-also define compiler intrinsic functions that can be directly used in
-high-level programming languages.</li><li>The initial proposal is based on the AndeStar V3 DSP ISA.</li><li>Supports e.g. 16-bit SIMD instructions with min, max, abs, compare, clip
-operations. Similar for 8-bit SIMD.</li><li>GPR-based SIMD is more efficient for various embedded domains. It addresses
-the need for high performance generic code processing as well as digital
-signal processing.</li><li>Want to make this easy to use through intrinsic functions and optimised DSP
-libraries.</li><li>For 64-bit data types, use pairs of GPRs on RV32. An implementation could of
-course still use a 2R1W register file, but use multiple cycles to read a
-64-bit value.</li><li>After the task group is created, bi-weekly meetings will be set up.</li></ul><h2 id=security-task-group-update-richard-newell:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Security task group update: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>The security group was previously a task group of the technical committee.
-There is now a new security standing committee, at the same level with the
-marketing and technical committees.</li><li>Task groups will be set up to look at cryptograpshic ISA extensions and
-trusted execution environments for microcontroller</li><li>The full charter will be published on riscv.org</li></ul><h2 id=formal-assurance-for-risc-v-implementations-daniel-m-zimmerman:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Formal assurance for RISC-V implementations: Daniel M. Zimmerman</h2><ul><li>Galois started with a focus on cryptography, but has broadened its scope to
-&ldquo;high assurance everything&rdquo;</li><li>There are a range of definitions for RISC-V. The human-readable instruction
-manual, mechanisations in the form of software simulators or hardware
-implementations. The formal model working group have also been working on
-this.</li><li>How can we provide assurance about these definitions / mechanisations?</li><li>Assurance means: the system does what it is supposed to do and doesn&rsquo;t do
-anything else.</li><li>When trying to get assurance through compliance tests, a huge burden is put
-on the shoulders of the test writers. Those conformance tests need to be 100%
-complete. This also doesn&rsquo;t help determine if an implementation has
-undesirable behaviours.</li><li>Alternatively, formally verify your system. Compile a model to RTL via
-clash, then use equivalence checking tools to compare against your own
-implementation.</li><li>Need machine-readable specification of the correctness and security of an
-implementation as well as a way to measure the conformance of an
-implementation.</li><li>How to validate a specification?<ul><li>Might perform rigorous validation through execution: ad hoc testing,
-simulation coverage analysis, or bisimulation.</li><li>Alternatively perform rigorous verification through formal reasoning:
-prove test benches always pass, verification coverage analysis, or
-bisimulation.</li></ul></li><li>Security properties require a different approach. They typically have a
-different form, e.g. &ldquo;the following property must never hold&rdquo;. Galois is
-developing a DSL that lets you specify the architecture, correctness
-properties and security properties of a hardware design. It&rsquo;s also working on
-a security test suite.</li><li>Want to help systems engineers understand and explore the effects of design
-and implementation decisions on power, performance, area, and security.</li><li>Status<ul><li>LANDO DSL is in early stages of development. Expect initial version before
-2018 RISC-V summit</li><li>Security test suite: early stages of development</li><li>Metrics and measures: evaluating existing tools for PPA and looking at
-existing metrics work for security</li><li>Dashboard: early stages of design</li><li>Feature model generation: early stages of design</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=undefined-unspecified-non-deterministic-and-implementation-defined-behavior-in-verifiable-specifications-clifford-wolf:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Undefined, Unspecified, Non-deterministic, and Implementation Defined Behavior in Verifiable Specifications: Clifford Wolf</h2><ul><li>Users of an ISA specification<ul><li>Software engineers: just don&rsquo;t do anything that&rsquo;s not specified</li><li>Software security engineers: what can we expect from the hardware if we do
-the thing that wasn&rsquo;t specified?</li><li>Hardware design engineers: do something safe and simple for anything not
-specified. But what does safe mean?</li><li>Hardware verification engineers</li></ul></li><li>This presentation is a taxonomy of types of &lsquo;not specified&rsquo; behaviour, using
-nomenclature taking from different domains.</li><li>Undefined behaviour: the &ldquo;just don&rsquo;t do that&rdquo; approach to not specifying
-behaviour. The spec is void for any program as a whole if it does this
-undefined behaviour once.</li><li>Could introduce an &lsquo;undefined value&rsquo;, but that has similar issues</li><li>Non-deterministic behaviour / unpredictable behaviour: allow more than one
-choice, which may change under re-execution</li><li>Unspecified value: the instruction will return a value, but the spec doesn&rsquo;t
-say which value</li><li>Implementation defined behaviour / value: similar to unspecified value /
-behaviour, but the implementer must specify what it is.</li><li>Fully specified behaviour: the ideal choice for verification. Explicitly
-state what all implementations must do.</li><li>Clifford strongly prefers implementation defined or fully specified
-behaviour.</li></ul><h2 id=foundational-hpc-systems-in-2020-and-beyond-steven-wallach:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Foundational HPC systems in 2020 and beyond: Steven Wallach</h2><ul><li>Architecture 1.0 (see Mark Hill paper). The world was very
-processor-centric. CPUs with memory attached.</li><li>Architecture 2.0. Not just the ISA. Move towards memory-driven computing.<ul><li>Numerical processing is trivial, but achieving efficient memory access is
-very hard.</li><li>Caches now need to be protected machine state.</li></ul></li><li>An RV128 working group is going to be started, chaired by Steven<ul><li>Propose a 64-bit object ID and 64-bit byte offset.</li></ul></li><li>On an RV128 system, have to be able to execute RV64 programs and map 64-bit
-virtual into 128-bit virtual. Also map system calls.</li><li>Object 0 is kernel object, object 1 RV64, object 2 RV32.</li><li>Encrypted memory is identified with an object ID</li><li>Steven suggests disabling speculation if kernel objects are referenced.</li></ul><h2 id=european-processor-initiative-and-risc-v-mateo-valero:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>European processor initiative and RISC-V: Mateo Valero</h2><ul><li>BSC-CNS is a consortium including the Spanish government, Catalan
-government, and UPC</li><li>Now have 529 people from a wide range of countries.</li><li>Need to reach 50GFlops/W</li><li>MareNostrum 4 has been recognised as the &ldquo;most beautiful datacenter in the
-world&rdquo;. Total peak performance is 13.7 PFlops</li><li>USA, Japan, China are all building huge supercomputers with domestic
-technology. Can the EU do the same?</li><li>The EU has a large HPC ecosystem and a number of centers of excellence in
-HPC applications.</li><li>Through the Mont Blanc project, proposed the use of ARM processors in
-supercomputing applications. Extended current mobile chips with HPC features.</li><li>Europe has only 4 machines in the world top 20.</li><li>With Brexit and Softbank, ARM is not &lsquo;European&rsquo; any more.</li><li>Through EuroHPC, the Commission has proposed to invest 1B.</li><li>The European Processor Initiative is a consortium consisting of 23 partners.
-They will form the company &lsquo;EPI Semiconductor&rsquo; which will produce the EPI
-common platform. Now looking at growing the consortium, including companies
-from other countries.</li><li>Three streams<ul><li>General purpose and common platform. ARM SVE or other candidates. BULL
-will be system integrator / chip integrator.</li><li>Accelerator: RISC-V</li><li>Automotive</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V accelerator vision: throughput-oriented designs, lower power,
-supporting MPI+OpenMP</li></ul><h2 id=securing-high-performance-risc-v-processors-from-time-speculation-chris-celio:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Securing High-performance RISC-V Processors from Time Speculation: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Meltdown and Spectre don&rsquo;t just impact a single processor design or a single
-company&rsquo;s design, but really impact any CPU using speculation.</li><li>A timing attack is when a change in your program input affects the time of
-another user.</li><li>There are 3 parts to a timing attack<ul><li>Victim runs code that leaks observable side effects</li><li>Attacker runs code affected by timing leaks</li><li>Attacker measures time his code took to run</li></ul></li><li>Chris built up a taxonomy of time leaks. Two axes: were are we leaking from,
-and what are we directly leaking.</li><li>High level ideas:<ul><li>Don&rsquo;t leak any observable side-effects in the machine if speculation is
-aborted</li><li>Avoid bandwidth interference between different time domains. Depending on
-the time domain you care about, this could be bandwidth to a functional
-unit.</li></ul></li><li>Modern speculative cores have 100-300 instructions in-flight, but not all
-are speculative. About 25% are beyond the point of non-return.</li><li>Idea: do not update predictors speculatively.</li><li>Idea: Don&rsquo;t speculatively update the cache. Could get rid of fully inclusive
-L1/L2/L3 caches in favour of neither exclusive nor inclusive (NENI) caches.
-Then allocate only into the L1 cache.</li><li>Idea: misspeculation recovery should be deterministic. Any shared resource
-can leak time</li><li>Idea: partition caches etc</li><li>Idea: dynamic partitioning</li><li>Idea: partial and full flushes. e.g. flush <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>4</sub> BTB entries.</li><li>Many other ideas (see the full list in the slides!)</li></ul><h2 id=evaluation-of-risc-v-for-pixel-visual-core-matt-cockrell:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Evaluation of RISC-V for Pixel Visual Core: Matt Cockrell</h2><ul><li>Background: the Pixel Visual Core is a Google-design Image Processing Unit
-(IPU). It has a dedicated A53 which aggregates application layer IPU resource
-requests.</li><li>Looking at adding a microcontroller as a job scheduling and dispatch unit.</li><li>When selecting a core, key considerations were: level of effort (how
-difficult to integrate), risk (stability and reliability of support), and
-license.</li><li>First candidate was the internal &lsquo;Bottle Rocket&rsquo; project. This implements
-RV32IMC, reusing parts of the Rocket design. High level of effort, medium
-risk.</li><li>Second candidate: Merlin (github.com/origintfj/riscv). Low level of effort,
-high risk.</li><li>Third candidate: RI5CY, produced by the PULP team. Low level of effort,
-medium risk.</li><li>Selected RI5CY for a number of reasons: it had been taped out, had good
-infrastructure, the license was acceptable, and it was implemented in
-SystemVerilog rather than Chisel.</li><li>Why SystemVerilog rather than Chisel?<ul><li>SystemVerilog builds on established physical design and verification flows</li><li>Chisel generated verilog loses designer&rsquo;s intent, making it difficult to
-read and debug</li><li>Chisel generated code makes certain physical design items difficult such
-as sync/asnc clocks, power domains, clock domains etc</li></ul></li><li>Next steps: add full compliance for privilege/debug specification and
-evaluate performance impact after adding RI5CY to the Pixel Visual Core.</li></ul><h2 id=linux-ready-rv-gc-andescore-with-architecture-extensions-charlie-su:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Linux-Ready RV-GC AndesCore with Architecture Extensions: Charlie Su</h2><ul><li>The AndeStar V5 architecture adopts RISC-V and adds pre-defined useful Andes
-extensions as well as custom-extension frameworks for domain-specific
-acceleration.</li><li>Baseline extension instructions<ul><li>Memory access and branches with fewer instructions</li><li>Code size reduction on top of C extension (&lsquo;CoDense&rsquo;)</li><li>DSP/SIMD (see P extension proposal)</li><li>Custom instructions</li><li>CSR-based extensions that don&rsquo;t require new instructions. e.g. stack
-protection mechanism, power management, &hellip;</li></ul></li><li>Delivered 32-bit and 64-bit implementations of the V5 architecture
-implementation AndeStar V5m which is a superset of RV-IMAC.</li><li>An N25 (32-bit) small configuration is 37k gates at 28HPC, 1GHz. Large
-configuration is 159k gates.</li><li>Introducing new 25-series cores adding floating point support (N25F/NX25F),
-MMU, and S mode (A25/AX25).</li><li>3.49CM/MHz</li><li>Added hit under miss caches and hardware support for misaligned accesses</li><li>Use single-port SRAMs to reduce area and power</li><li>COPILOT tool allows auto-generation of development tools for a set of custom
-extensions.</li><li>Software<ul><li>Worked with Express Logic to port 64-bit ThreadX</li><li>Added support for AX25 to QEMU</li><li>Working on adding further component support for Linux: u-boot, ftrace,
-loadable modules, Linux perf.</li></ul></li><li>openSUSE is helping to enable their &lsquo;EBBR&rsquo; specification for RISC-V</li></ul><h2 id=processor-trace-in-a-holistic-world-gajinder-panesar:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Processor trace in a holistic world: Gajinder Panesar</h2><ul><li>Understanding program behaviour in complex system isn&rsquo;t easy, and using a
-debugger isn&rsquo;t always possible. Processor Branch Trace can provide visibility
-into program execution.</li><li>Processor Branch Trace works by tracking execution from a known start
-address and sending messages about the deltas taking by the program. For
-uncoditional branches, there is no need to report the destination address.</li><li>The trace encoder ingress port defines singles to export from the processor.
-It contains information such as the privilege mode, address of the
-instruction, the instruction.</li><li>The trace encoer sends a packet which could contain a delta update with a
-subset of information, or a full context to force synchronisation.</li><li>Trace control can control when a trace is generated, or configure filters.</li><li>Saw a mean 0.252 bits/instruction encoding efficiency across a range of
-benchmarks.</li><li>Next steps: set up task group to standardise processor to encoder interface
-and a compressed branch trace format</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-meets-22fdx-an-open-source-ultra-low-power-microcontroller-for-advanced-fdsoi-technologies-pasquale-schiavone-and-sanjay-charagulla:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>RISC-V meets 22FDX. An open source ultra-low power microcontroller for advanced FDSOI technologies: Pasquale Schiavone and Sanjay Charagulla</h2><ul><li>PULP was design for near sensor (aka edge) processing.</li><li>Seen a range of contributions since open sourcing from e.g. Embecosm,
-lowRISC, Micron, Google, &hellip;</li><li>PULPissimo has a rich set of peripherals: QSPI, HyperRam+HyperFlash, camera
-interface, I2C, I2S, JTAG, &hellip; Plus an autonomous IO DMA subsystem (uDMA)</li><li>Implements an efficient low-latency interconnect.</li><li>Used a RI5CY core plus extensions: packed SIMD, fixed point, bit
-manipulation, hardware loops. Included a IEEE 754 single precision floating
-point unit.</li><li>2.3mm2, effective area 1.22mm2. Most of the area taken by memories.</li><li>40MOPS/mW at 350MOPS. 1.4x better performance and 4x better energy
-efficiency than previous design in 40nm</li><li>Can further reduce power to 65MOPS/mw at 350MOPS when executing just from
-SCM.</li><li>Global Foundries produce up to 10M wafers / year (200mm equivalents)</li><li>GF has a dual-track roadmap. Performance optimized FinFET and power
-optimized FD-SOI.</li><li>FDXcelerator is accelerating RISC-V developers and partners. Partners
-include SiFive, Andes, Reduced Energy Microsystems, &hellip;</li><li>This is the first step towards silicon-qualified free-open-source RISC-V IPs
-on GF FDX22 process</li></ul><h2 id=ariane-an-open-source-64-bit-risc-v-application-class-processor-and-latest-improvements-florian-zaruba:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>Ariane. An Open-Source 64-bit RISC-V Application Class Processor and latest improvements: Florian Zaruba</h2><ul><li>Ariane is a Linux-capable 64-bit core</li><li>M, S, U privilege modes. TLB. Tightly integrated D$ and I$, hardware page
-table walker</li><li>Area around 185kGE</li><li>Greater than 1.5GHz at 22FDX</li><li>Critical path is 25 logic levels</li><li>6 stage pipeline. In-order issue, out-of-order writeback, in-order commit</li><li>Why develop another core?<ul><li>Don&rsquo;t want an SoC generator. Don&rsquo;t want to be governed by a 3rd party</li></ul></li><li>First implementation took about 4 months</li><li>Designed for higher performance in the future: dual issue and/or OoO issue</li><li>Verification strategy<ul><li>RISC-V tests</li><li>Torture test framework</li><li>Running applications on FPGA e.g. bootling Linux</li><li>Verification isn&rsquo;t exhaustive, looking into more alternatives</li></ul></li><li>Ariane was open-sourced in February 2018. Already seen non-trivial external
-contributions.</li><li>Latest improvements:<ul><li>Completely revised instruction frontend.</li><li>Re-naming in issue stage</li></ul></li><li>Return address stack cost ~1KGE, improves IPC by 20%. Resolving
-unconditional jumps immediately increases IPC by ~11%. These changes had no
-negative impact on timing.</li><li>Critical paths are on the memory interfaces, especially tag compare and
-address translation for cache access.</li><li>Kerbin is a proof of concept SoC for Ariane featuring PULP peripherals, a
-64-bit interconnect and debug support.</li><li>Compatible with gdb, but require a debug bridge currently.</li><li>Managed to boot Linux after 5 months development</li><li>FPGA: Targeted the VC707. Core runs at 50-100MHz, 15kLUTs.</li><li>Ariane has been taped out in GF22FDX. 910MHz, &hellip;</li><li>Working on Kosmodrom tapeout which includes a high performance and a low
-power version and a floating point accelerator.</li><li>Working on supporting F and D extensions as well as reduced prevision vector
-operations. Stand-alone floating point unit (~200kGE) will be released in the
-next months.</li><li>Also working on improved integer divider, vector unit, and hardware support
-for atomic memory operations</li><li>Help wanted: support for official RISC-V debug, improved branch predictors,
-multithreading, cache-coherent interconnect, &hellip;</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-support-for-persistent-memory-systems-matheus-ogleari:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>RISC-V support for persistent memory systems: Matheus Ogleari</h2><ul><li>(Missed the first few minutes I&rsquo;m afraid)</li><li>RISC-V changes: introduce new instructions. ucst (uncacheable write to
-memory), ucld (uncacheable read from memory)</li><li>Also modify the cache controller and memory controller</li><li>These changes would enable new applications. Even defining the instructions
-would allow people to start work using software simulation tools.</li></ul><h2 id=the-hybrid-threading-processor-for-sparse-data-kernels-tony-brewer:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>The hybrid threading processor for sparse data kernels: Tony Brewer</h2><ul><li>Sparse data sets that greatly exceed a processor&rsquo;s cache size are a
-challenge for most systems. The cache hit rate is low resulting in idle cores.</li><li>The Hybrid Threading Processor defines extensions for thread and message
-management. It&rsquo;s a high thread count barrel processor similar to Cray&rsquo;s MTA
-architecture.<ul><li>Software-managed coherency</li><li>Event driven processor.</li></ul></li><li>Can perform atomic operations at memory due to the software-managed
-coherency</li><li>The project was funded under the DARPA CHIPS project. This produced two
-chiplets: the memory controller (MC) chiplet and compute near memory (CNM)
-chiplet.</li><li>Implemented a simulator modelling functionality and performance, and also
-performed power estimation.</li><li>Performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal configuration.</li><li>Compared performance for graph spectral clustering vs Haswell, Nvidia K80,
-Nvidia DGX-1. Saw ~25x better energy efficiency.</li></ul><h2 id=how-pulp-based-platforms-are-helping-security-research-frank-gurkaynak:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>How PULP-based platforms are helping security research: Frank Gurkaynak</h2><ul><li>Security of the system is not limited to just &ldquo;one part&rdquo;. You need to
-consider the entire system</li><li>An open approach has proven useful for security in software. Why should
-hardware be any different?</li><li>Cryptographic accelerators can easily achieve high throughput with low area.</li><li>PULP provides multiple opportunities to add extensions. e.g. new
-instructions added directly to the core, adding peripherals to the bus, or
-hardware accelerators with direct memory access</li><li>Implemented Fulmine, an IoT processor with accelerators. Added two TCDM
-ports, 64bits/cycle. The AES unit performs 2 rounds a cycle, 1.76Gbit/s and
-120pJ per byte (entire chip) at 0.8V and 84MHz</li><li>Side channel attacks are a huge challenge. Recently implemented a leakage
-resilient accelerator which reduces the attack surface by generating a new key
-per data block. This provides 5.29Gbit/s throughput at 256Mhz</li><li>Attacks that target control flow are a serious problem and can be realized
-in both hardware (e.g. glitching) or software. Implemented and published
-sponge based control-flow protection (SCFP), which stores instructions
-encrypted in memory. As instructions must be decrypted, the attacker would
-have to modify both the instruction and the internal state.<ul><li>Implemented in Patronus chip. 25-35% power/area overhead, and 10$ runtime
-overhead due to &lsquo;patches&rsquo; and additional commands.</li><li>The probability of an illegal instruction trap when an instruction altered
-is 91.51% within 1 cycle rising to 99.95% within 3 cycles.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-virtual-platforms-for-early-risc-v-embedded-software-development-kevin-mcdermott:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f>RISC-V virtual platforms for early RISC-V embedded software development: Kevin McDermott</h2><ul><li>New markets have new software requirements</li><li>Virtual platforms can help accelerate software development</li><li>Imperas produce extendable platform kits (EPKs). These are virtual platforms
-with software set-up, allowing users to start quickly.</li><li>Offer the ability to easily define custom instruction extensions</li><li>Can also perform software development using the Ashling RISC-V IDE</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 12, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>lowRISC 0.6 milestone release</a>
-is now available. This release includes an updated version of the Rocket
-RISC-V core, a higher core clock frequency, JTAG debugging support, Ethernet
-improvements, and more. See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>release notes</a>, for full details. We&rsquo;ve also taken the
-opportunity to re-organise our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/>documentation</a>,
-adding an easy to follow quick-start guide.</p><p>Our next development focus is to add support for dropping in the <a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/ariane>Ariane
-RISC-V design</a> (from ETH Zurich) as
-an alternative to Rocket.</p><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
-repository</a>, or discuss on our
-<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing
-list</a>.
-As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
-advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas. With special thanks to Jonathan
-Kimmitt who has been the driving force behind this release.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/index.html b/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/index.html
index 9a3ff9f1..56fd3381 100644
--- a/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/index.html
@@ -1,15 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 14, 2019</time></address><p>Several lowRISC team members attended the <a href=https://sifivetechsymposium.com/agenda-cambridge/>SiFive
-Symposium</a> in our home town
-of Cambridge on May 13th 2019, a lovely sunny day.</p><p>Imagination Technologies were co-hosting with SiFive, and we heard from both
-companies. Krste Asanovic, chairman of the board at the RISC-V Foundation,
-gave a great introduction to RISC-V and progress so far. Naveed Sherwani, CEO
-of SiFive, talked us through their silicon design platform and future
-services. We also heard from SecureRF and IAR Systems.</p><p>Alex gave a short talk about bringing the benefits of open source to the
-hardware world. (We hope to be able to share the video soon!)</p><p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Alex speaking" title="Alex speaking" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto">
-<img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Open source hardware in industry" title="Open source hardware in industry" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"></p><p>It was great to hear the latest news from SiFive and other RISC-V
-organisations, both from Cambridge and further afield. We also got to meet
-community members and to catch up with friends from Embecosm, the RISC-V
-Foundation, the Computer Lab and more.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/index.html b/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/index.html
index 9045a770..fc37e7ef 100644
--- a/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/index.html
@@ -1,44 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 16, 2019</time></address><p><em>London, England - lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC)
-organisation, today announced that Prof. Luca Benini (ETH Zurich), Dominic
-Rizzo (Google) and Ron Minnich (Google) have joined its board of directors.
-The announcement coincides with a new phase of hiring by lowRISC with the goal
-of significantly increasing the size of its Cambridge-based engineering team
-during 2019.</em></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC board" title="lowRISC board"><p>lowRISC is a not-for-profit, community-driven organisation working to provide
-a high quality, security-enabling, open SoC base for derivative designs. The
-organisation is lowering the barrier to producing custom silicon, enabling
-research and FPGA experimentation, and establishing a vibrant ecosystem around
-open silicon designs. lowRISC supports a core engineering team who collaborate
-with industry partners, academic groups, and the wider community to drive the
-open source silicon ecosystem.</p><p>&ldquo;We are very pleased to welcome new board members from Google and ETH Zurich
-who share our excitement about the future of open-source hardware. Their
-commitment will accelerate our roadmap for delivering high-quality open-source
-system-on-chip designs,” said Alex Bradbury, CTO and co-founder of lowRISC
-CIC.</p><p>lowRISC also revealed that Google are providing support and funding to further
-their mission and that Prof. Benini&rsquo;s group at ETH Zürich are contributing
-their Zero-riscy processor core. lowRISC, in collaboration with Prof. Benini’s
-PULP team and Google, will continue development of the core as
-“<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a>”.</p><p>“I’m delighted to join the lowRISC board. lowRISC plays a key role in the
-open-source hardware ecosystem, providing engineering resources while
-maintaining a clear community-focused vision and not-for-profit status. We are
-excited that they will be able to contribute to the continued development of
-Zero-riscy and also provide the necessary ongoing support,” said Prof. Benini.</p><p>Google engineers Ron Minnich and Dominic Rizzo are long term supporters of
-open-source. Ron is a well known figure in the High Performance Computing
-field and inventor of LinuxBIOS, now known as coreboot, the firmware used in
-all Chromebooks. Dominic leads efforts in open source silicon and security
-fobs at Google.</p><p>&ldquo;Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our
-commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create
-a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem. In addition to engineering
-resources, lowRISC provides the community stewardship that is vital to this
-vision,” said Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google.</p><p>Please visit our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs</a> page for more
-information on how lowRISC is expanding our engineering organization.</p><h2 id=about-lowrisc:3ae8a44f05106f2746ef878301015e47>About lowRISC</h2><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote
-and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of
-open-source to the hardware world. We are producing high-quality,
-security-focused, open, and flexible IP. Our expertise includes the LLVM
-Compiler, novel hardware security extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and
-processor design.</p><p>For more information, please contact:</p><p>Media Contact:
-Andrew Back
-lowRISC
-press@lowrisc.org</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/index.html b/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/index.html
index 0f1d0f46..25c9f934 100644
--- a/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/index.html
@@ -1,33 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 16, 2019</time></address><p>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>press
-release</a> and the
-<a href=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/05/google-fosters-open-source-hardware.html>corresponding Google blog
-post</a>.
-This industry support and growth of our board is a huge step forwards for
-lowRISC. As Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google, said:</p><blockquote>"Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our
-commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create
-a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem. In addition to engineering
-resources, lowRISC provides the community stewardship that is vital to this
-vision”.</blockquote><p>We believe high quality engineering, extensive documentation, and
-verification are essential to drive the adoption of open source silicon
-designs. The donation of the <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc/ibex>Ibex</a> core
-(previously zero-riscy, developed through the PULP project) and its collaborative development under lowRISC is a
-great step forwards on the open source hardware roadmap we&rsquo;re working on with
-Google and other industry partners. Plus of course we’re continuing to lead the upstream RISC-V LLVM effort and further develop our 64-bit SoC platform. If you&rsquo;re interested in collaboration, get in touch via info@lowrisc.org.</p><p>Over the last 6 months we&rsquo;ve really entered a new phase of the lowRISC mission.
-We&rsquo;ve grown from a single full-time engineer to five, with more on their way
-(check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>active job adverts</a> - we&rsquo;d love to hear
-from you!). We&rsquo;ve not been able to put out anywhere near as many updates as
-we&rsquo;d like. The work we&rsquo;ve been doing to grow the organisation and forge new
-collaborations is hugely time consuming, and of course embargos etc. come in to
-play. But you can expect to hear much more from us going forwards.</p><p>On a final note, I&rsquo;d like to shine the spotlight on the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>whole lowRISC
-family</a>, especially those who have helped us get this far. In
-particular I’d like to thank our board of directors, our growing team of full
-time staff, our technical advisory board, and of course the wider community
-who have given us so much support, suggestions, and encouragement. Pirmin and
-Laura will soon be posting more about their experiences joining lowRISC, and
-you&rsquo;ll be seeing a number of other new faces on our
-<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>GitHub</a>, <a href=https://twitter.com/lowrisc>Twitter</a>,
-and shiny new <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/register/>Zulip group chat</a> - do
-join and say hi.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/index.html b/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/index.html
index 186bf5f5..e7b83feb 100644
--- a/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/index.html
@@ -1,61 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Philipp Wagner,
-<time>June 10, 2019</time></address><p>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more
-future-proof chip by embedding an FPGA fabric into it? Could we measure glucose
-levels more accurately by integrating a small bio lab onto a chip? Could we more
-reliably recognize kittens in a set of pictures by implementing neural network
-inference in hardware?</p><p>In implementation, this dream becomes a piece of hardware, with digital or
-analog logic, sensors, actuators, and much more. Let’s get it produced and try
-out the real thing! But wait. How do you control the hardware block? How do you
-feed data to it? How do you make sure the startup sequence is done exactly in
-the right way? The answer often is: add an embedded micro-controller core to
-handle the control logic. A small, efficient, and rock-solid core. Where could
-you get such a core?</p><p>Say hello to Ibex: a small, 32-bit microcontroller-class RISC-V CPU core written
-in SystemVerilog. Reliable, unpretentious, getting the job done.</p><ul><li>Ibex supports the standard RV32I/EMC instruction set, allowing you to tap into
-a large ecosystem of compilers and software libraries.</li><li>Its two stage pipeline design balances a small area overhead with good
-performance. It gives you an IPC of 0.67 in CoreMark (2.44 CoreMarks/MHz) with
-an area of just 18.9 kGE. That’s 0.027 mm² in a 65 nm technology!
-(<a href=https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2017.8106976>Reference</a>) But Ibex works
-equally well on FPGAs. The same configuration utilizes 2.5 k 6-input Slice LUTs
-and 1 DSP slice on low-end Xilinx 7-series FPGAs when targeting a clock
-frequency of 50 MHz.</li><li>And best of all: there are no usage restrictions. Ibex is open source under
-the Apache 2.0 License, <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>download it today</a>
-and get started!</li></ul><p>So if you need a microcontroller-class CPU core, look no further and give Ibex a
-try! Our friendly community awaits you <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>over at
-GitHub</a> to discuss enhancements, issues or
-help you get your favorite feature added to Ibex!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Ibex block diagram" title="Ibex block diagram" class="d-block mx-auto rounded m-2"><p>If you&rsquo;re interested in using Ibex in your design, you&rsquo;d be in good company.
-Researchers at the University of Manchester (with support from Andrew Attwood
-from the STFC Hartree Centre) are already working on taping out a design including
-the Ibex core, with reconfigurable FPGA instruction set
-extensions. Do get in touch at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a> if
-you’re looking to integrate Ibex into one of your designs…</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="University of Manchester design with Ibex core" title="University of Manchester design with Ibex core" class="d-block mx-auto m-2"><p>Ibex stands on an impressive mountain of engineering, erected by many great
-people mostly at ETH Zürich and the University of Bologna. Before <a href=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>it was
-contributed to
-lowRISC</a> in
-December 2018, Ibex was called Zero-riscy. The history of the core can be traced
-back to a CPU core called “OR10N”, which was first taped out in 2013. Since that
-time, many, many hours of engineering, testing,
-and benchmarking went into what is now Ibex. That’s why it is such a solid
-design, and that’s the legacy lowRISC is proud to build upon.</p><p>lowRISC started working on Ibex around the time I joined the engineering team,
-since then we’ve been able to make a range of improvements in collaboration with
-our partners at Google and ETH Zürich, with <a href=/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Pirmin also
-joining</a> the
-effort recently.</p><p>One of the first things we did with Ibex was the replacement of the debug system
-with one that is compliant to the RISC-V Debug Specification. (Thanks to Robert
-Balas and Davide Schiavone who started this work on a similar CPU core!) We also
-cleaned up the code in many places to make it easier to read and extend. And
-just recently Tao Liu from Google added a UVM testbench to make it easier to
-verify that the core works as expected.</p><p>Importantly, this is an active and ongoing effort. With the engineering and
-project maintenance resources lowRISC and our partners are putting into Ibex and
-related IP blocks, we aim to make it the make Ibex <em>the</em> go-to
-microcontroller-class CPU core. Our <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues>issue tracker on
-GitHub</a> should give you a rough idea of
-what’s coming.</p><p>Do you want to join us making Ibex even better? For example, do you want to set
-up world-class continuous integration for this core? lowRISC is hiring, and
-we’re looking for a broad range of engineers: hardware, software and tooling.
-<a href=/jobs/>Join us!</a></p><p>You want to know more about Ibex and how lowRISC develops it to be a piece of
-high-quality free and open source IP? <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>Join Philipp for a talk at the Week of
-Open Source Hardware (WOSH) in Zürich, Switzerland on Friday, June
-14.</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/index.html b/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/index.html
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@@ -1,80 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 3, 2019</time></address><p>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few
-weeks in to their new roles, they each share thoughts on what attracted them to
-work at lowRISC.</p><p><strong>Pirmin:</strong></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Pirmin Vogel" title="Pirmin Vogel" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;After having traveled around the world for 6 months, I finally started my new
-position as hardware/software engineer at lowRISC C.I.C. in Cambridge at the
-beginning of May. At lowRISC, we are working on open-source hardware/software
-ecosystems with a fully open-sourced, Linux-capable, RISC-V-based SoC being the
-ultimate goal.</p><p>&ldquo;Having done my PhD in the Digital Circuits and Systems group of ETH Zurich,
-i.e., a research group that very early started to promote and push for
-open-source hardware, it was important for me to continue along the open-source
-path. Open-source hardware and software are powerful catalysts for education,
-research and industry. Studying the sources of the Linux kernel and its modules
-was absolutely key to get to understand the kernel’s memory management system
-and to get started with the design of kernel drivers required for my research.
-Moreover, building on top of the open-source Parallel Ultra Low Power (PULP)
-Platform allowed me to carry out my research in the first place. Not only could
-I rely on a large pool of silicon-proven hardware designs and software tools
-such as libraries, runtimes and compilers, but I was also able to freely modify,
-tailor and extend them to fit my needs, and ultimately to release my own
-research open-source as part of the <a href=https://www.pulp-platform.org/hero>Open Heterogeneous Research Platform</a> (HERO), thereby letting my research being more
-useful to more people. As for the industry, it seems that the open-source PULP
-ecosystem has gained quite some traction since its start in 2013 serving both as
-a starting point for custom designs and also creating <a href=https://www.pulp-platform.org/pulp_users.html>new business opportunities</a>.</p><p>&ldquo;At lowRISC, I am currently working on our RISC-V processor core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a>. This core has its origins in academia – it
-has been designed by my former colleagues of the PULP team under the name
-Zero-riscy – and leveraging its design in a professional context offers
-challenges but also new opportunities. For example, it allows and requires to
-put a stronger focus on design verification but ultimately, it can prove also to
-the tough critics that open-source hardware is no longer just a toy but a
-serious alternative.&rdquo;</p><p><strong>Laura:</strong></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Laura James" title="Laura James" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;I’m delighted to be joining lowRISC. This is a really exciting
-opportunity for me on many levels - a chance to be part of a new wave of
-fundamental computing innovation enabling specialised silicon chips, to learn
-about the practicalities of shared engineering resource and IP at the hardware
-layer, and to actually ship some useful products (hopefully at reasonable
-scale). It builds on my varied career to date working to make emerging
-technologies a reality in real products and services, and in growing innovative
-organisations.</p><p>&ldquo;lowRISC works on open source hardware at the silicon layer (and related open
-source software tools), and so builds on my longstanding interest in open stuff,
-and particularly the challenges of bringing open to new areas. Open source
-silicon isn&rsquo;t a totally new idea, but producing products at scale with it is
-rare. Nonetheless, it&rsquo;s important: openness means greater scope for audit and
-security; for efficiency (code and hardware designs can be reused, rather than
-reinventing the wheel), and for flexibility. With <a href=https://semiengineering.com/the-impact-of-moores-law-ending/>Moore&rsquo;s law
-slowing down</a>, new
-processors will be more specialised, rather than just smaller and faster.
-Instead, we&rsquo;ll be designing silicon for more specific applications, and ensuring
-the designs are efficient and verifiable. Open source hardware makes this much
-easier - you can get more people working on a design to check it, and you can
-bolt together open modules for different bits of functionality knowing you
-understand what is in them (which you can&rsquo;t do with a proprietary processor core
-which you&rsquo;ve licensed - it&rsquo;s just a black box). So open hardware at the silicon
-level is going to be important for the future of computing.</p><p>&ldquo;lowRISC itself is still quite small (but growing), but the team size doesn&rsquo;t
-reflect the range of people I’m working with day to day, because there&rsquo;s lots of
-collaboration going on. Open source ecosystems have different kinds of
-organisation and activity in them; lowRISC is focussing on providing quality
-engineering resource and being a hub for collaborative engineering across other
-partners. (A bit like <a href=https://www.linaro.org/>Linaro</a> does for open source for
-Arm, whose work I’ve always been fascinated by.) It&rsquo;s a community interest
-company, meaning a nonprofit dedicated to serving a broader mission not just
-itself. I&rsquo;m looking forward to being part of changing how hardware is developed,
-making it fundamentally more collaborative and factoring in testing and
-maintenance sensibly.</p><p>&ldquo;There are some really interesting challenges. For instance, you can&rsquo;t be 100%
-open right now in silicon, because in an actual manufactured chip there&rsquo;s a lot
-of analogue components as well as the open source digital bits, and those
-analogue bits are generally closely linked to the big foundries which
-manufacture silicon and are secret sauce today. Collaborative engineering
-should be cost effective and useful to companies, as a way of working on
-non-differentiating technology components, but it&rsquo;s not always an easy sell or
-easy to make happen in practice. The same goes for opening up hardware IP - not
-always a straightforward case to make. How should the governance for this sort
-of work operate, and how do you make it work in practice? And of course we have
-the usual startup challenge, that we need to make reliable, high quality
-products, in a reasonable time, which people actually want and are willing to
-pay for.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m really looking forward to seeing what we can accomplish, and being part of
-the move towards open source silicon.</p><p>&rdquo;(If you’d like to learn more about how I ended up here, I wrote on <a href=https://lbj20.blogspot.com/2019/04/new-challenges-ahead.html>my personal
-blog</a> about this
-role and how it fits with things I’ve been working on.)&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We&rsquo;re thrilled to have Pirmin and Laura join the lowRISC team and if you&rsquo;d like
-to be part of the open source silicon revolution, we presently have a number
-of openings and I&rsquo;d encourage you to take a look at the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/index.html b/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/index.html
index 4386f285..67073f33 100644
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@@ -1,32 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Andrew Back,
-<time>June 11, 2019</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png alt="WOSH logo" title="WOSH logo" class="float-right m-2"><p>Pretty much the whole team is in Zurich this week for the RISC-V Workshop and
-inaugural Week of Open Source Hardware, with a <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>packed
-programme</a> that got off to a start today and
-which runs all the way through to Friday afternoon.</p><p>This morning lowRISC board member, Professor Luca Benini, gave a RISC-V Workshop
-keynote entitled, <a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-workshop-zurich/agenda/1#keynotes_energy-efficient-computing-from-exascale-to-microwatts-the-risc-v-playground>Energy efficient computing from Exascale to MicroWatts: The
-RISC-V
-playground</a>.
-Our friends and close collaborators at <a href=https://pulp-platform.org/>PULP
-Platform</a> are giving a number of talks this week
-and, we’re pleased to say, so are members of the lowRISC team!</p><p>On Thursday 13th there will be a morning session dedicated to <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#licensing>Open Source
-Licensing</a> and at 10:50 Alex
-Bradbury will be presenting <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-5>a lowRISC experience
-report</a>, immediately
-following which he’ll then be participating in a panel discussion moderated by
-the <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/>FOSSi Foundation</a>’s Stefan Wallentowitz.
-Later the same day at 16:10, Google engineer and lowRISC board member, Dom
-Rizzo, will be speaking about <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-7>Google and the Free and Open Source Hardware
-Community</a>.</p><p>The following day on Friday 14th at 09:20, Philipp Wagner will be giving a talk
-entitled, <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-2>Ibex and The Mountain of Open Participation: How lowRISC develops its
-Ibex CPU core and lets everyone
-participate</a>. Then Philipp
-will be taking to the stage for a second time at 14:40 to give another talk on
-<a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-4>Python-powered hardware verification with
-Cocotb</a>.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_1280x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC enamel badge" title="lowRISC enamel badge" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>If you’re in Zurich this week please do say hello and if you can’t spot us from
-the team photo <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>on the website</a> — it already
-needs updating! — be sure to follow the <a href=https://twitter.com/lowrisc>Twitter
-feed</a> for team updates and also be on the lookout
-for people wearing a lowRISC pin.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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index 75ca94c3..c5d45586 100644
--- a/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/index.html
@@ -1,44 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Sam &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Sam</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 8, 2019</time></address><p>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed <a href=/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Laura and
-Pirmin</a> in becoming lowRISC’s newest
-employee. A few weeks into his new role, he shares why he joined lowRISC and
-what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Sam Elliot" title="Sam Elliot" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;I joined lowRISC CIC as a Compiler Developer, working on the RISC-V LLVM
-backend, and so far I’m enjoying working on the team! Prior to lowRISC, I worked
-as a compilers and programming languages researcher at the University of
-Washington, where I completed my Masters degree.</p><p>&ldquo;I worked for about four years on the academic side of compiler research, trying
-out new ideas with new technologies. As well as working with academics, during
-that time I worked at Microsoft Research, on <a href=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/checked-c/>Checked
-C</a>, and at NVIDIA
-on an experimental compiler team. This was both challenging and fun, but I found
-that I was more satisfied with the work when it was closer to problems that
-normal software developers face. I’m really happy to have moved over to a more
-focused compiler development role on the team here at lowRISC, where I get to
-improve LLVM and participate in the wider open source community.</p><p>&ldquo;My first month at lowRISC has been lots of fun. Alex and Luís have been great
-mentors to get me up to speed with the project. As we’re hoping to stabilise the
-RISC-V backend soon, some of my time has been spent ensuring we can build and
-run the LLVM <a href=https://llvm.org/docs/TestingGuide.html#test-suite>test suite</a> on
-RISC-V. Gratifyingly, it seems 98% of the tests are passing – with some pending
-patches – and the rest are not far from also doing so. A few of the other
-patches I have committed this month have related to tuning the optimiser and
-instruction selector to make better decisions for RISC-V. Of course, we’ll never
-truly finish tuning the optimiser, especially as more and more instruction set
-extensions and open cores are implemented and released.</p><p>&ldquo;On top of all of this, it was good to get out of the office and meet other
-RISC-V and open-source hardware supporters at the RISC-V Workshop and WOSH in
-Zurich. It was an almost overwhelming amount of information for someone so new
-to the ecosystem, but the community has been very friendly and welcoming.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m not just interested in how programs can be compiled to be as efficient as
-possible; I’m also interested in how the design of programming languages allow
-developers to write programs that contain fewer errors. This is why I joined the
-Checked C project, and am interested in Rust. Along these lines I am beginning
-to look at improving the support for compiling Rust programs to RISC-V. Rust
-uses LLVM as a backend, so a lot of the work is already done, but we want to
-make sure the experience of using Rust on RISC-V is as good as it is for any
-other platform. Rust support is a key requirement for the RISC-V ports of
-distros such as Debian and Fedora, and I look forward to helping stabilise
-further support for the platform in these distributions.</p><p>&ldquo;Having stable RISC-V support in both the Clang and Rust compilers, in addition
-to the existing support in GCC, should allow more people and projects to adopt
-RISC-V and quickly get started on the platform.&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We&rsquo;re excited to have Sam join our team and help further accelerate our
-toolchain and LLVM-related efforts. If you&rsquo;re interested in joining us on our
-mission, check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a> for details on
-positions we are looking to fill.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/index.html b/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/index.html
index 6045fa23..f9eece65 100644
--- a/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/index.html
@@ -1,65 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 10, 2019</time></address><p>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V.
-Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we
-started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved
-successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>recently announced</a> on the llvm-dev mailing
-list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its
-current status of experimental to an official target. This post explains how
-our testing strategy has evolved as the compiler matured.</p><p><strong>TL;DR</strong>: we now successfully compile more than 90% of the 2000+ Linux packages
-built by the <a href=https://buildroot.org/>buildroot</a> tool. The remaining packages
-mostly fail due to relying on GCC-specific C constructs and configurations,
-and not due to anything fundamental related to the new backend.</p><p>During the initial development of the backend our testing approach consisted
-mostly of unit tests. As each feature was implemented corresponding unit tests
-were added. This was done both to document the expected behaviour of the
-compiler and to ensure that future LLVM changes would not introduce regressions
-in those areas.</p><p>More recently, we started compiling entire programs using Clang targeting
-RISC-V, to exercise the backend using real-world code. We started with a few
-small programs and have now moved towards compiling a full Linux userspace.</p><p>One of the programs we chose for our initial tests was BusyBox. BusyBox
-replaces many standard UNIX programs with a single binary that mimics those
-individual programs. With almost 400 &ldquo;applets&rdquo;, BusyBox provided a reasonable
-amount of complexity to test. To compile it with LLVM we produced a
-configuration file that enables all of the BusyBox features and that specifies
-Clang as the compiler, with the correct flags to target RISC-V and find the
-appropriate sysroot headers and libraries.</p><p>BusyBox compiled successfully at the first try. To be reasonably confident it
-had been correctly compiled, we wrote a script to exercise all of the applets.
-Our testing revealed that a significant portion of the commands would crash
-upon launch. Investigating those crashes revealed that they all had a common
-cause, which was that BusyBox relied on C undefined behaviour and LLVM HEAD
-would optimize away code that was intended to run. So, in fact, this issue
-wasn’t specific to the new RISC-V target. We <a href=http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2019-June/087337.html>submitted a patch upstream</a> fixing
-the issue, with which BusyBox now runs without problems.</p><p>Our initial testing of a handful of programs and libraries used QEMU Linux user
-mode emulation for a quick and convenient testing. Next, we moved to building a
-complete rootfs that we could boot with qemu-system as a sanity check, before
-starting to compile large amounts of packages. For that we chose the buildroot
-tool.</p><p>Buildroot can be used either with an existing toolchain or by letting it build
-its own. To facilitate the testing process, we let buildroot build its own
-GCC-8 RISC-V cross-compiler, and we then patch the resulting toolchain to use
-Clang / LLVM when desired, by using a wrapper script. For our sanity check we
-included a handful of programs, such as some simple command line utilities and
-the nginx web server. The wrapper script will redirect the compilation to
-Clang, adding a few additional command line options in the process to correctly
-configure the toolchain. The wrapper can also remove a few GCC-specific
-compilation flags that Clang doesn’t know about, cutting down on the
-compilation noise, although that isn’t strictly necessary for basic testing.
-With this approach we produced a full Linux system we could boot with QEMU.
-From within QEMU we saw that we could login into the system and use it
-normally, including making HTTP requests served by nginx.</p><p>In the terminal session below you can see me booting a clang-built rootfs
-(everything other than the kernel, opensbi, and glibc is built by Clang) in
-qemu, and browsing the web using links:</p><script id=asciicast-9Cde6gZq8KljgZD50BhLFSms6 src=https://asciinema.org/a/9Cde6gZq8KljgZD50BhLFSms6.js async></script><p>Once we had a bootable system we wanted to determine how many packages we could
-build. We also wanted this process to be easily reproducible, to be able to
-check for compiler regressions, changes in code quality and so on. This would
-require making the testing tools smarter since normally any buildroot
-compilation failure will halt the build process. We extended the testing tools
-to produce a tree of package dependencies, to be able to build individual
-packages, and to build the individual packages in the correct order to satisfy
-their dependencies. The tools are also able to apply per-package workarounds,
-to avoid problems caused by some packages that depend on very GCC-specific
-behaviour. This includes packages that refuse to compile unless the compilation
-is warning-free and are then tripped by Clang’s additional diagnostic messages.</p><p>Of the 2000+ packages that buildroot provides we are now able to compile more
-than 90% of them. We are still triaging a few of the remaining failing packages
-to see if there are any actionable compiler issues, or if those failures also
-relate to trivial configuration issues.</p><p>As next steps, we expect to do some more in-depth testing of the compiled
-packages and to start building the Linux kernel with Clang. We will also
-further investigate code size and generated code performance.</p><p><em>Luís Marques</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html b/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html
index 07017abe..88e85e5c 100644
--- a/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html
@@ -1,68 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 10, 2019</time></address><p>On Monday I
-<a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-July/133724.html>proposed</a>
-promoting the upstream RISC-V LLVM backend from &ldquo;experimental&rdquo; to &ldquo;official&rdquo;
-for the LLVM 9.0 release. Responses so far are <a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-July/133740.html>extremely
-positive</a>, and
-we&rsquo;re working to ensure this is a smooth process. This means that from 9.0, the
-RISC-V backend will be built by default for LLVM, making it usable out of the
-box for standard LLVM/Clang builds. As well as being more convenient for end
-users, this also makes it significantly easier for e.g. Rust/Julia/Swift and
-other languages using LLVM for code generation to do so using the
-system-provided LLVM libraries. This will make life easier for those working on
-RISC-V ports of Linux distros encountering issues with Rust dependencies. As
-<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Sam mentioned yesterday</a>, we aim to work with the upstream
-Rust community to help unblock this. 9.0 will branch on the 18th of July with
-the release scheduled for the 28th of August.</p><p>The LLVM project is a popular open source suite of compiler toolchain related
-tools. The core LLVM library and Clang C/C++ front-end are the most
-recognisable components. See the <a href=https://llvm.org/>project home page</a> for
-more background.</p><p>I started the upstream RISC-V LLVM effort towards the end of 2016, having
-developed and maintained an out-of-tree backend for a research architecture for
-a number of years. At the time, there was some downstream work heavily based on
-the MIPS backend but it had a range of problems. In order to maximise the value
-from upstream code reviews (and also provide a useful reference for LLVM
-newcomers), great care was taken to ensure backend functionality could be built
-up incrementally. I&rsquo;m delighted that this has frequently been picked out by the
-LLVM community as the golden standard to follow when contributing new targets.</p><h2 id=status:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c>Status</h2><p>The RISC-V backend supports the 32- and 64-bit RISC-V base ISAs and all
-standard extensions. i.e. RV32IMAFDC, RV64IMAFDC and the ilp32, ilp32f, ilp32d,
-lp64, lp64f, lp64d ABIs (the <a href=https://reviews.llvm.org/D60456>Clang hard-float ABI
-patch</a> will land imminently). Working with
-other backend contributors, we have developed a comprehensive set of in-tree
-unit tests. For quite some time various groups have reported success using
-Clang/LLVM for their RISC-V embedded firmware builds and more recently we have
-been pushing forwards on issues related to building Linux/BSD applications. The
-GCC torture suite has a 100% pass rate, we&rsquo;re seeing a 98% pass rate on the
-LLVM test-suite (failures are almost all related to C++ exception handling,
-which we hope to resolve soon), and we&rsquo;ve been able to get over 90% of
-buildroot&rsquo;s over 2000 packages to build for RISC-V using clang (most failures
-are due to build system issues or GCCisms). We can compile and run meaningful
-programs e.g. build a rootfs with nginx, serve HTTP requests). See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>blog
-post from Luis</a> for many more
-details on this testing.</p><p>LLD support is now roughly feature-complete with the exception of support for
-linker relaxation. Fangrui Song has been most active on RISC-V LLD recently,
-and prior to that Andes Tech contributed the majority of this code. In terms of
-other language support, there is initial Rust support for bare metal RV32 and
-RV64 with support for hard float Linux targets due to start soon.</p><p>Support for RISC-V in LLVM is important for the wider RISC-V ecosystem and at
-lowRISC, we&rsquo;re proud of the role we&rsquo;ve played in initiating its development,
-driving it forwards, and building a community around it. As an independent
-non-profit engineering organisation, we&rsquo;re uniquely positioned to perform this
-kind of work - <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/>it&rsquo;s what we do</a>. Our toolchain team has
-grown to include Luís Marques and Sam Elliott as well as myself and we are
-always interested in hearing from skilled engineers who’d like to <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>join our
-team</a>. If you&rsquo;re interested in further supporting this work
-or in applying a similar approach to other open source hardware/software
-projects then get in touch at info@lowrisc.org.</p><h2 id=thanks:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c>Thanks</h2><p>As well as the lowRISC toolchain team I would like to thank everyone who gave
-encouragement, helped with funding in order to support this work, or submitted
-reviews or patches. We&rsquo;re delighted at the growing community of contributors
-around this backend and feel it&rsquo;s a real success story for collaboration within
-the RISC-V ecosystem. There are far too many names to mention everyone, but
-engineers from organisations such as (alphabetically) AndesTech, Embecosm,
-Google, Qualcomm, and the University of Cambridge have all made notable
-contributions.</p><h2 id=next-steps:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c>Next steps</h2><p>Becoming an &ldquo;official&rdquo; backend is a huge milestone, but of course that doesn&rsquo;t
-mean we&rsquo;re done. As well as ongoing maintenance and support, we&rsquo;ll be
-continuing to work on: code size, generated code performance improvements,
-better testing, collaborating with language communities such as
-Rust/Swift/Julia, adding support for additional LLVM features or RISC-V
-instruction set extensions, and more.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/index.html b/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/index.html
index 3c48324e..0916ea74 100644
--- a/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/index.html
@@ -1,59 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new? &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 19, 2019</time></address><p>In the past months, we have invested considerable effort in improving our
-RISC-V core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a>. This 2-stage, in-order,
-32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>contributed to us</a> by ETH Zürich in
-December 2018, with activity really ramping up since May. Having been taped out
-multiple times (as zero-riscy) in a mix of academic and industry projects, it
-came to us as a relatively mature code base. Despite this, we have continued to
-invest in improving its design and maintainability.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Carl the Ibex" title="Ibex cleaning up" class="float-right m-2"><p>Changes have included enhancements to functionality and improved compliance
-with the latest RISC-V specification. More recently we’ve been looking beyond
-that - the bare user-level ISA requirements are fairly minimal (e.g. there is
-no requirement that exceptions are precise). We’ve worked on a series of
-cleanups and improvements in order to provide an environment that is friendly
-to programmers and usable outside of deeply embedded use cases. An additional
-goal is to improve the code style and readability of the core. This is
-important for long-term maintenance as well as to reduce the barrier for
-engineers in industry, academics, students, and hobbyists to use and understand
-the core.</p><p>We’ve performed a lot of refactoring on the RTL design of Ibex. This has
-included a major cleanup and reorganization of critical Ibex components such as
-the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/132>main processor controller</a>, the
-entire <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/120>instruction-decode stage</a>,
-and streamlining the interaction between those blocks. As well as improving the
-understandability of the core this allowed us to get rid of a painful control
-loop and to correct the handling of interrupts and exceptions.</p><p>Here are some numbers to give you an idea on the extent of our efforts over the
-past few months. Since we started to intensify our work on Ibex in early May,
-we pushed 132 Git commits to the Ibex repository which modified its RTL,
-inserting 3495 lines and deleting 3026 of them (not including initial mostly
-cosmetic commits and coding style changes). The whole RTL consists of 7,001
-lines of code. In other words, during the last 2.5 months, roughly 50 percent
-of the RTL was refactored.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Ibex diffstat" title="Ibex diffstat" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>Ultimately, having a clean codebase helps maintainability and eases a lot the
-implementation of new features and bug fixes. To this end, our refactoring
-efforts definitely start to pay off. Including all bug reports since May, our
-average time between receiving an issue report and and merging the
-corresponding bug fix into the master branch at roughly two working days.</p><h2 id=from-bug-report-to-fix-in-two-days-the-power-of-open-source:a2dc4fa41735a76aa44f457911fadd1d>From bug report to fix in two days: the power of open source</h2><p>Looking at those bug reports we note a gradual shift on where they are coming
-from and how the bugs are found, with an increasing proportion of bug reports
-seeming to come from industry users. We have been desligned with the feedback
-we get and the interaction we are having from companies, individuals, and
-researchers, in private communications and especially via the public bug
-tracker on GitHub. This definitely helps us to improve Ibex, but also our
-processes. And it is an enriching experience!</p><p>Furthermore, there is definitely a growing interest in formal verification in
-industry. On our side, we have been working together with our collaborators to
-include support for the <a href=https://github.com/SymbioticEDA/riscv-formal/>RISC-V Formal Interface
-(RVFI)</a> and to incorporate the
-<a href=https://github.com/google/riscv-dv>RISCV-DV instruction generator</a>.
-Meanwhile, many bugs reported to us are found by means of formal verification,
-often covering corner cases or cases where the requirements of the
-specification are very minimal. The code was already mature and the design
-silicon proven when we first started work, but thanks to the combination of
-open source, our own engineering efforts, and the powerful community growing
-around this work we can go much beyond that. At a rapid pace we’re able to make
-Ibex fully compliant with the recently ratified RISC-V Specification, we’re
-making it more friendly to get started with, and we’re also making it more
-straightforward to hack on.</p><p>Do you have something you want Ibex to do? Let us know by opening an issue on
-GitHub! Our next priorities support for <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues/8>Physical Memory Protection
-(PMPs)</a> and
-<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues/88>U-mode</a>, with more to follow.</p><p>But why stop there? You can make hacking on Ibex and other exciting projects
-your day job! lowRISC is hiring, and you can find details on all of our current
-roles on our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a>.</p><p><em>Philipp Wagner and Pirmin Vogel</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/index.html b/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/index.html
index fe6dac64..4b3df9a2 100644
--- a/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/index.html
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@@ -1,53 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex: Code with Confidence &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex: Code with Confidence</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Philipp Wagner,
-<time>August 23, 2019</time></address><p>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Roughly 50 percent of the
-RTL was
-refactored</a>
-recently! We added features, tests, and cleaned the code up. We and our
-collaborators were able to make these changes (mostly) without breaking Ibex
-because we invested in testing: earlier this year we added <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/tree/master/dv/uvm>UVM-based
-verification to the tree</a>,
-and we run these tests after every change. We run static code analysis to catch
-common programming bugs. We run software on Ibex to see if it actually behaves
-as we expect it to behave. For licensing reasons it hasn’t been possible to
-share all of these tests - this post will
-explain how we’ve been working to address that issue..</p><p>We want every contributor to have a similar degree of confidence that their
-changes won’t break something, which is why we’ve been building out the test and
-continuous integration infrastructure using open source or freely available
-tooling. (I talked about the idea behind that at
-<a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>WOSH</a>, you’re invited to <a href=https://youtu.be/bYidDwYuVr0>watch the
-recorded talk</a> to hear more about it!)</p><p>Today, we’re happy to announce a significant step in this direction: we have
-enabled publicly visible continuous integration (CI) for Ibex. On every pull
-request we now run three tests:</p><ul><li>We run Verilator lint on all SystemVerilog code files. Verilator lint catches
-common programming errors such as undefined variables or wrong signal width
-definitions.</li><li>We build a cycle-accurate compiled simulation of Ibex with
-Verilator.</li><li>Finally, we run the <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-compliance/>RISC-V compliance test
-suite</a> with our cycle-accurate
-simulation model of Ibex. This test suite executes a set of small assembly
-programs and checks its output against a golden reference.</li></ul><p>All of these tests run in a couple of minutes, and all test outputs are <a href=https://dev.azure.com/lowrisc/ibex/_build>publicly
-visible at Azure Pipelines</a>.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Azure pipeline" title="Azure pipeline"><p>The last test is worth explaining in more depth. The RISC-V Compliance test
-suite is a collaborative effort by the RISC-V Foundation Compliance Task Group
-to test RISC-V implementations for specification compliance. Lee Moore from
-Imperas has been doing a lot of <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-compliance/commit/25d14e798eb4b3a54bdf22083940e78ef731b817>work to get the test suite extended to work
-with
-Ibex</a>,
-and we have done our part by <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/209>adjusting the simulation model of
-Ibex</a> to work with it. Once these
-building blocks were in place it was only a matter of a <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/blob/e97931c8c75aad34137db99121249fa675bc9aa3/azure-pipelines.yml#L102-L125>couple of lines of
-configuration</a>
-to enable these tests to run in CI.</p><p>With all this infrastructure in place, contributors can submit pull requests
-with more confidence than ever: look out for the green check mark under a pull
-request!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Screenshot show checks passed" title="Screenshot show checks passed"><p>We are delighted that Ibex can now serve as a <a href=https://github.com/google/riscv-dv#end-to-end-rtl-and-iss-co-simulation-flow>reference end-to-end RTL and ISS
-co-simulation flow for
-riscv-dv</a>
-and for running the RISC-V compliance suite on an RTL simulation. The
-DARPA-funded <a href=https://github.com/The-OpenROAD-Project/alpha-release>OpenROAD</a>
-open source EDA toolchain initiative have also <a href=https://github.com/The-OpenROAD-Project/alpha-release/tree/master/flow/designs/src/ibex>included
-Ibex</a>
-as a standard test case.</p><p>For us at lowRISC, this is just the start of the automation journey. Continuous
-integration in open source hardware projects is uncharted territory for many
-reasons, with licensing of proprietary tools adding further complicationWe will
-continue to expand the coverage of our publicly available continuous
-integration, and we’ll keep you updated here!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/index.html b/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/index.html
index 0d380cb2..2ba0171e 100644
--- a/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/index.html
+++ b/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/index.html
@@ -1,46 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel,
-<time>October 8, 2019</time></address><p>Our microcontroller-class RISC-V processor core
-<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a> for sure is a solid base with which to
-start your own project. Over the past months, we have invested a lot of effort
-in making the design more mature. This includes <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>refactoring the RTL to make the
-design more understandable and programmer
-friendly</a>,
-adding UVM-based verification to the source tree, but also integrating support
-for the RISC-V compliance suite and <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>enabling publicly visible, open-source
-powered continuous integration
-(CI)</a> to keep
-the design stable.</p><p>However, to actually get your own RISC-V system running, quite some more
-infrastructure might be needed besides the bare processor core. This includes
-for example instruction and data memory, input/outputs, peripherals, interrupt
-controllers, a debug module. But don’t worry, we can help you out! There are now
-two different system-on-chip designs available to help you get started with Ibex
-on FPGA.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_800x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" class="float-right rounded m-2"><h2 id=arty-a7-fpga-example:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698>Arty A7 FPGA Example</h2><p>This is fairly minimal example for the Arty A7 Artix-7 FPGA Development Board
-from Digilent that shows you how to integrate Ibex into a top-level design, how
-to connect memories and how to compile and run a simple application on the core.
-This example is included in the Ibex tree and is a community contribution by
-Tobias Wölfel. Thanks @towoe!</p><h2 id=pulpissimo:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698>PULPissimo</h2><p><a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulpissimo>PULPissimo</a> is the advanced
-microcontroller system from the <a href=https://pulp-platform.org>PULP team</a> at ETH
-Zürich. It features a powerful uDMA for an autonomous input/output subsystem
-managing peripherals like UART, SPI, I2C and I2S, supports hardware processing
-elements, comes with a JTAG debug module and is supported by the <a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulp-sdk>PULP software
-development kit (SDK)</a> that comes
-with suitable compilers, libraries and even example applications. This complete
-ecosystem makes PULPissimo a useful starting point for your own project and
-explorations.</p><p>Besides re-integrating Ibex into PULPissimo we also created a new FPGA port for
-the latest version (Commit ID d37549e). PULPissimo can now be instantiated on
-the Digilent Nexys Video Artix-7 FPGA board. This board is equipped with a
-XC7A200T device - the largest Artix-7 FPGA supported by the free Vivado WebPACK
-Edition - and thus an attractive target for hobbyists.</p><p>The picture below visualizes the mapping of the main components inside
-PULPissimo onto the resources provided by the Nexys Video FPGA board. Ibex
-utilizes a fairly small part of the overall resources (3500 LUTs, roughly 2.6%
-of the available resources). There is still plenty of space available for you to
-implement you own modules such as custom accelerators!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board" class="rounded m-2 mx-auto d-block"><p>As you might know, Ibex was originally developed as Zero-riscy at ETH Zürich and
-contributed to us in Dec 2018. We are thus even more happy to enable support for
-the latest version of Ibex in the PULPissimo system and give something back to
-the PULP team!</p><h2 id=what-s-next:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698>What’s next?</h2><p>We continue our efforts on making Ibex more robust and extending functionality.
-We recently added support for Physical Memory Protection and U-mode. This
-will make Ibex a good candidate for porting embedded and real-time operating
-systems.</p><p><em>Pirmin Vogel</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/index.html b/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 23, 2019</time></address><p><em>Greg Chadwick and Tom Roberts recently joined lowRISC’s growing engineering
-team. They’ve both taken some time to share a little about what they’re doing at
-lowRISC and what motivated them to join.</em></p><h3 id=greg:1b825763c3a94080ec9b06870bbb8106>Greg</h3><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Greg Chadwick photo" title="Greg Chadwick" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>&ldquo;It’s an exciting time to join the lowRISC team! Our Ibex core provides a solid
-foundation and clearly demonstrates the value of open source silicon, which I’m
-excited to be working on. My work so far has focused on the performance of Ibex;
-whilst it’s not intended as a high performance core there are various things we
-can do to improve it without major impact to area or power. I’m experimenting
-with these improvements as well as building infrastructure to help profile
-program execution. I’ll be writing some blog posts to explain these as the work
-progresses. On top of that I’ve been writing some more Ibex documentation to go
-into the details of how the pipeline works, you can check it out at
-<a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a> .</p><p>&ldquo;Before lowRISC I worked at Arm and Broadcom. At Arm I worked as a design
-engineer on the memory systems of A-class CPU cores. During my time there I
-worked on the Cortex-A55, Cortex-A65AE and Neoverse E1, as well as yet
-unannounced products. I was also involved in designing memory system
-microarchitecture and analysing performance. At Broadcom I worked on the V3D GPU
-(as seen in the Raspberry Pi) where again I was involved in microarchitecture
-and performance analysis.</p><p>&ldquo;At lowRISC, I am going to utilise my industry experience to help produce high
-quality IP. I enjoy the opportunity to work in the open, in a collaborative
-fashion and hope we can drive the industry forward with new tools and techniques
-that might otherwise remain siloed and locked up in closed source companies.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m interested in seeing how much of the hardware design process we can open up
-at lowRISC. Right now to achieve a high-quality tapeout proprietary tools,
-documentation and libraries are required. This contrasts hugely with the
-software world where industry leading tools, like GCC and LLVM, and industry
-leading software, like the Linux kernel, are open. It’s a massive challenge, but
-by developing high quality IP we can help drive forward open silicon tools and
-contribute to them ourselves. By sharing our work with great documentation and
-writing about how we did it all we can help others follow in our footsteps and
-explore new paths.&rdquo;</p><h3 id=tom:1b825763c3a94080ec9b06870bbb8106>Tom</h3><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Tom Roberts photo" title="Tom Roberts" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>&ldquo;Now is a very exciting time to be involved in open source silicon, and lowRISC
-is at the heart of it. Change is coming to the industry as a whole, not just to
-silicon IP, but from EDA tools all the way to fabrication. I joined lowRISC to
-be part of the changes, and to help shape the future of the semiconductor
-industry.</p><p>&ldquo;Prior to joining lowRISC, I worked at Arm in various CPU design and
-verification roles. There I gained experience of high-quality low-power design
-and industry leading design verification techniques. In my time at Arm I
-contributed to various CPU products, including Cortex-R7, Cortex-M7, Cortex-A53,
-Cortex-A65AE, Cortex-A55 and other as-yet unannounced designs.</p><p>&ldquo;Since joining lowRISC in August I have been working on improving the Ibex CPU
-as well as investigating new approaches to design verification. I am looking
-forward to what the future holds!&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We’re thrilled to have Greg and Tom onboard to help propel our open source
-hardware efforts forward. We have a number of open job openings - take a look at
-our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a> to find out more.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/index.html b/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/index.html
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@@ -1,27 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Andy Hopper" title="Andy Hopper" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>Today, we are delighted to announce that <a href=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/>Professor Andy
-Hopper</a>, CBE FRS FIET FREng, has joined the
-lowRISC Board of Directors as Independent Chair.</p><p>&ldquo;I&rsquo;m delighted to be joining lowRISC CIC,&rdquo; said Prof. Hopper, speaking today
-from Cambridge UK, &ldquo;As digital systems pervade every aspect of our lives trust
-and transparency become crucial. An open source approach allows for public
-inspection of the principles and implementations being used. I believe the
-future of digital systems will be underpinned by not for profit organisations
-that provide design transparency and enable real innovation. I am putting all
-my weight behind lowRISC because it is an indispensable component of our
-digital world.&rdquo;</p><p>Professor Hopper, Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Society and
-Professor of Computer Technology at the University of Cambridge, is a pivotal
-figure in the UK technology scene. He was the Research Director of Acorn
-Computers from 1979-85, during which period the pioneering ARM1 RISC processor
-was developed<sup>1</sup>, and headed up the world-renowned Cambridge
-University Computer Lab between 2004 and 2018.</p><p>Cited as one of the <a href=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/cn/news/the-uks-100-leading-practising-scientists/2010580.article>UK&rsquo;s leading practicing
-scientists</a>,
-Professor Hopper also has deep connections within the business community,
-having co-founded thirteen spin-outs and start-ups, three of which have
-subsequently been taken public. In recent years, the companies he helped
-create have
-<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Awards_for_Enterprise>received five Queen&rsquo;s Awards for Enterprise</a>.</p><p>The lowRISC board looks forward to working with Professor Hopper to grow
-lowRISC CIC&rsquo;s engineering and executive team, deepen our relationships with
-new and existing partners like Google, and maximize the positive global impact
-of open source silicon design in a variety of high value target applications.</p><p><sup>1</sup> ARM itself was subsequently spun out in 1990.</p><hr><p><em>Dr Robert Mullins, lowRISC Director and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/index.html b/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/index.html
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@@ -1,8 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><p>Today, we are excited to unveil the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust (RoT) project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first <em>open source</em> silicon RoT.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs. They can be used in a variety of devices: server motherboards, network cards, laptops, phones, consumer routers, IoT devices, and more. Potential security benefits from a silicon root of trust include:</p><ul><li>Establishing trust at the lowest level in the system - the silicon; independent of the main processor and operating system.</li><li>Leveraging a secure foundation to ensure the integrity of the lowest level mutable firmware of the device.</li><li>Giving the device a cryptographically strong identity. For example, this enables a datacenter control plane to verify provenance before a new machine is admitted into the fleet.</li><li>Enabling secure storage, including physical attack resistance (e.g., a server in a third-party datacenter or moving through the supply chain).</li><li>Providing tamper-evident logging, integrity measurements, integrated universal 2<sup>nd</sup>-factor devices, and other security services.</li></ul><p><em>Open sourcing</em> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan width=400 class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>The OpenTitan project follows three core design principles:</p><ul><li><strong>Transparency</strong> &ndash; anyone can inspect, evaluate, and contribute to OpenTitan’s design, firmware and documentation, helping to build more auditable, trustworthy silicon root of trust chips for all.</li><li><strong>High quality</strong> &ndash; we are building a high quality, logically secure silicon design, with rigorous design validation and testing, plus reference firmware and technical documentation.</li><li><strong>Flexibility</strong> &ndash; OpenTitan adopters can reduce costs and reach more customers by leveraging its vendor-, platform- and policy-agnostic design.</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan project is stewarded by lowRISC and is a partnership with <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html>Google</a>, <a href=https://ethz.ch/>ETH Zürich</a>, <a href=https://www.gi-de.com/>G+D Mobile Security</a>, <a href="http://www.nuvoton.com/hq/about-nuvoton/news/products-technology/Nuvoton-Technology-announces-its-collaboration-on-OpenTitan-the-first-open-source-silicon-root-of-trust-RoT-project/?__locale=en">Nuvoton Technology</a> and <a href=https://www.westerndigital.com/>Western Digital</a>.
-Engineers from this coalition bring ideas and expertise from many perspectives, and have been working together for more than 18 months on <a href=http://github.com/lowrisc/opentitan>hardware, software and tooling</a> for OpenTitan.
-Today, at the mid-point of the project, we’re opening up the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/>GitHub repository</a> containing this work, so others can get involved!</p><p>Compared to existing proprietary silicon RoT systems, OpenTitan represents a radical level of transparency, where virtually everything that can be opened (up to the “foundry boundary”), has been opened:</p><figure class="figured-block text-center"><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/opentitan-rot-comparison.svg alt="Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan" title="Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan" width=500 class=figure-img><figcaption class=figure-caption>Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan</figcaption></figure><p>The project is very much a networked collaboration and maintains strong links with engineering teams at our partners.
-We are delighted to welcome the broader community now that the founding partnership and principles of OpenTitan are established.</p><p>From day one, lowRISC has sought to bring the benefits of open source software to the hardware world.</p><p>Benefits to transparency and security from open source silicon include:</p><ul><li>Enhancing trust and security through design and implementation visibility. Issues can be discovered early, and the need for trust in opaque technologies is reduced.</li><li>Enabling and encouraging innovation with modifiable shared components.</li><li>Sharing open infrastructure technology permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</li><li>Saving engineering time, energy and confusion as the reference design implementation <strong>is</strong> the specification.</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan silicon root of trust is based around our open source Ibex RISC-V processor core, and adds cryptographic coprocessors, a sophisticated key hierarchy, memory hierarchies for volatile and non-volatile storage, IO peripherals, secure boot, and more.
-The Ibex processor design was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy, then contributed to lowRISC where it has seen substantial further development.</p><h2 id=opentitan-the-future-of-collaborative-open-source-silicon-design:56cb3fecc2afbc926c922a40e803922b>OpenTitan: The Future of Collaborative Open Source Silicon Design</h2><p>At lowRISC, we view OpenTitan as the ideal test case for our collaborative open source silicon development methodology, creating not just a logically secure design, but also a library of well-structured and reusable IP components, and tools for shared working across the ecosystem too. And while it is the first design to be built in this way, it won’t be the last, as we envisage the use of these same principles, collaboration methodologies and flow in future open silicon design projects of similar and greater magnitude and impact, across many different application domains.</p><p>Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Lead at Google and our OpenTitan Project Director, has said, “Customers are asked to put faith in proprietary root of trust chips for mission-critical systems without the ability to fully understand, inspect and therefore trust them. By creating OpenTitan with the broader hardware and academic community, we leverage the experience and security principles used to create Google’s Titan chips to make hardware root of trust designs more transparent, inspectable, and accessible to the rest of the industry. Security should never be built on opacity.”</p><p>We could not agree more and view OpenTitan as a perfect application for open source silicon.</p><p>We welcome new collaborators who want to help make secure open source silicon a reality to check out our work so far in the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/>GitHub repository</a>, join the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/>community</a> or <a href=mailto:get-involved@opentitan.org>contact us</a> directly if your organisation would like to get involved. If you are interested in potentially integrating the OpenTitan RoT reference design into your device, <a href=mailto:pilots@opentitan.org>let us know</a>.</p><p>Finally, we’re humbled by the support we have received in bringing <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> to fruition and deeply grateful to our employees, partners and contributors whose efforts are helping make open source secure silicon a reality.</p><hr><p><em>Alex Bradbury, lowRISC CTO and Co-Founder</em><br><em>Professor Andy Hopper, lowRISC Independent Chair</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,11 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Get started with OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Get started with OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
-<time>November 26, 2019</time></address><p>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a
-video that goes through an overview of how the OpenTitan prototype system is
-put together and how to get up and running with our pre-built release
-(providing simulator binaries and pre-built FPGA images for the Nexys Video
-Artix-7 board). It follows the steps from the <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/quickstart/>OpenTitan Quickstart
-Guide</a>.</p><p>You can find out more about OpenTitan from our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>announcement blog</a> and the <a href=https://www.opentitan.org>OpenTitan
-website</a>.</p><div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class=embed-responsive-item src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/fczdna1Thks allowfullscreen></iframe></div></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/index.html b/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><p class=lead>Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.</p><p>CAMBRIDGE, England&ndash;(BUSINESS WIRE)&ndash;lowRISC C.I.C., the open source silicon and tools collaborative engineering company, today announced that it has partnered with ETH Zürich, Google, G+D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology and Western Digital in support of OpenTitan, an open source hardware root of trust (RoT) reference design and integration guidelines that enable chip producers and platform providers to build transparently implemented, high-quality hardware RoT chips tailored for data center servers and other devices.</p><p>Security begins with infrastructure, and OpenTitan will help ensure root of trust in hardware, transparently implemented, at the foundation for a multitude of devices such as server motherboards, network cards, routers and IoT. Adopters of this framework can inspect and contribute to OpenTitan’s register-transfer level (RTL) design, firmware, and documentation, helping to build more transparent, trustworthy hardware RoT chips for everyone.</p><p>OpenTitan is stewarded by lowRISC, which provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term. As with open source software, open silicon provides a deep level of transparency and therefore auditability, as well as enabling innovation. Shared open infrastructure technology permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</p><p>The Ibex RISC-V processor core, which was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy and contributed to lowRISC earlier this year, forms a key component for OpenTitan. lowRISC is committed to raising the bar for quality in open silicon via a methodical approach that combines the development and use of best practices and coding standards, with rigorous testing and verification.
-Key benefits of OpenTitan for chip manufacturers and platform providers include:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Transparent:</strong> Adopters can inspect and contribute to OpenTitan’s design, firmware, and documentation, helping to build more transparent, trustworthy hardware RoT chips that benefit everyone.</p></li><li><p><strong>High-quality:</strong> OpenTitan’s goal is to build and maintain a high-quality and logically secure RTL design, firmware, and documentation. The project is staffed by expert engineers focused on rigorous design validation and technical documentation, all based on key learnings from designing Google’s Titan chips.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flexible:</strong> Adopters can increase their total addressable market and reduce costs by using a single platform-agnostic hardware RoT design that can be integrated in data center servers, peripherals, and any other hardware platforms.</p></li></ol><p>“We believe collaboratively developed open source silicon designs provide the flexible, cost effective base needed for future generations of secure hardware products,” said Alex Bradbury, lowRISC CTO. “The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house, enables us to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan, and we look forward to developing this partnership and new ones in the future.”</p><p>“At lowRISC, our mission is to establish a vibrant ecosystem around open silicon designs and to help lower the barrier to producing custom chips,” said Gavin Ferris, lowRISC CIC board member. “Creating an ecosystem of like-minded organizations focused on the goal of improving transparency around chips helps increase trust in the overall security of the infrastructure on which software runs. With OpenTitan, enterprise organizations and consumers alike will benefit from services built on a more secure infrastructure that is anchored in transparently implemented OpenTitan chips.”</p><p>“Customers are asked to put faith in proprietary hardware RoT chips for their mission-critical systems without the ability to fully understand, inspect and therefore trust them,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Lead at Google and lowRISC’s OpenTitan Project Director. “By creating OpenTitan with the broader hardware and academic community, we can leverage the experience and security principles used to create Google’s own Titan chips to make hardware RoT designs more transparent, inspectable, and accessible to the rest of the industry. Security should never be built on opacity.”</p><p>Collaboration is fundamental to open silicon and at the core of everything that lowRISC does, bringing to projects a deep understanding of open source licensing, contributor models and community building, and providing a uniquely positioned engineering capability.</p><p><strong>About lowRISC</strong></p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world. We are producing high-quality, security-focused, open, and flexible IP. Our expertise includes the LLVM Compiler, novel hardware security extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and processor design.</p><p><strong>Contacts</strong></p><p>Andrew Back<br>lowRISC<br>press@lowrisc.org</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/index.html b/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/index.html
index f4176179..47c990af 100644
--- a/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/index.html
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@@ -1,8 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 5, 2019</time></address><p>With the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>recent announcement of OpenTitan</a>, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software.
-A great place to continue these discussions is the <a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/>RISC-V Summit in San Jose, CA</a> (Dec 10 - 12, 2019).
-lowRISC will showcase its work in the conference track and in the exhibit hall.</p><p>At booth 101, lowRISC will showcase its recent work and our engineers will be around to answer your questions.
-Stop by if you have questions about OpenTitan, lowRISC in general, or about the LLVM compiler work we&rsquo;re doing!</p><p>If you&rsquo;re using the LLVM compiler or are planning to use it for your next RISC-V project, we invite you to join Alex&rsquo;s talk in the conference track.
-Titled &ldquo;Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got There and What&rsquo;s Next&rdquo; the talk will retrace the journey to make the RISC-V LLVM backend production ready, an effort which hit a major milestone in August this year, when the RISC-V backend was enabled by default for all LLVM/Clang compiler builds.</p><p>See you there! And as always, if you cannot make it to the RISC-V Summit, just drop us a line at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a>!</p><p><strong>Quick facts</strong></p><ul><li><a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/agenda/2#software_production-ready-risc-v-support-in-llvmclang-90-how-we-got-there-and-whats-next>Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got There and What&rsquo;s Next</a>. Wednesday, 11 December 2019 1:20pm - 1:40pm, Grand Ballroom 220-C</li><li>Find lowRISC in booth 101 in the exhibit hall.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html b/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html
index 015118ab..53d6a802 100644
--- a/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
-<time>January 29, 2020</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png alt="FOSDEM logo" title=FOSDEM class="float-right m-2"><p>I’ll be giving a talk in the <a href=https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/track/risc_v/>RISC-V devroom</a> at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex RISC-V CPU core</a>. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes. I’ll talk about how this analysis was performed and what was required to avoid adversely impacting clock frequency.</p><p><em>Update: talk <a href=https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/event/riscv_lowrisc/attachments/slides/3689/export/events/attachments/riscv_lowrisc/slides/3689/20200201_FOSDEM_Ibex_Perf.pdf>slides</a> and <a href=https://ftp.fau.de/fosdem/2020/K.3.401/riscv_lowrisc.mp4>video</a> are now available.</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html b/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html
index 4744c680..45a36c34 100644
--- a/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html
@@ -1,14 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Students for GSoC projects wanted &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Students for GSoC projects wanted</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel,
-<time>March 23, 2020</time></address><p>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code (GSoC)</a> and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us.
-The GSoC initiative gives students the opportunity to spend the summer break gaining real-world hardware and software development experience while earning a stipend from Google.
-If you&rsquo;re a student interested in applying, we strongly recommend you read up on <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/how-it-works/>how GSoC works</a> and study the <a href=https://google.github.io/gsocguides/student/>Google Summer of Code Student Guide</a>, which contains excellent advice on preparing a high quality proposal.</p><p>We have a set of <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/>project proposals</a> based around the vibrant open source projects that we either host or actively contribute to.
-Examples include: the OpenTitan silicon root of trust; our RISC-V processor core, Ibex; the LLVM compiler infrastructure; and the lowRISC 64-bit SoC.
-In addition, some of our proposals also connect these projects with other open-source initiatives such as <a href=http://www.clifford.at/icestorm/>Project IceStorm</a>, the fully open source Verilog-to-bitstream flow for iCE40 FPGAs, and <a href=https://sigrok.org/>sigrok</a>, the portable, cross-platform, signal analysis software suite.</p><p>Our projects will be mentored by the lowRISC engineering team.
-We are experienced with guiding GSoC and other student projects at top academic institutions such as the University of Cambridge, TU München, and ETH Zürich.</p><p>Are you interested in gaining ground in the open source community?
-Do you want to do a GSoC project in a vibrant ecosystem with motivated mentors?
-Get in contact with us to work with potential lowRISC mentors to prepare your application for GSoC 2020.
-<strong>But hurry up, the submission deadline is one week from now, on March 31!</strong></p><p>We are especially interested in using GSoC as an opportunity to broaden participation in open source development—we particularly encourage applications from underrepresented groups and those who may not have had the opportunity to participate in open source previously.</p><p>Please check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/>project proposals</a> and get in contact with us on our <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/>Zulip group chat</a>.
-We are keen to start discussing potential projects!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html b/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html
index 5a9648e8..e5a3066b 100644
--- a/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html
@@ -1,12 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Sam Elliott and Pirmin Vogel,
-<time>May 4, 2020</time></address><p>We are pleased to announce that we will be mentoring two students as part of <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC).</p><p>We are looking forward to working with Flavien and Yuichi on features and tools to improve IP such as Ibex, our open-source RISC-V core.</p><h2 id=flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:c2aa219841f63b0fb8a5fa48c2938fdb>Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2><p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design.
-The problem is that the external memory interface is running at a very high speed compared to the core CPU (e.g. a 25MHz core clock speed but external memory running a several hundred MHz).
-This can be misleading when trying to consider what the performance would be on an ASIC, as the CPU clock speed could be many times higher but the memory frequency remains the same or increases by a much smaller amount.
-The solution is to implement a memory controller for the FPGA that can accurately “simulate” memory access delays in terms of the processor’s clock cycles.</p><p>Flavien will be mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p><h2 id=yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:c2aa219841f63b0fb8a5fa48c2938fdb>Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2><p>Pointer Authentication uses cryptographic message authentication codes (MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of pointers in order to aggravate attacks targeting arbitrary code execution through malicious manipulation of code and data pointers.
-This project aims to perform a proof-of-concept integration of pointer authentication into Ibex.
-The focus lies on integrating pointer authentication into the processor pipeline.
-To this end, new custom instructions need to be added to generate and authenticate pointers based on the value of the program counter, stack pointer and a secret key (including exception handling if authentication fails).</p><p>Yuichi will be mentored by Pirmin Vogel, Luís Marques, and Sam Elliott.</p><p>At this point, we would like to thank all the students who applied for a GSoC project with lowRISC, as well as Google for running the program of course (now in its 15th year).
-We received many high-quality applications, but unfortunately, we could not accept all of them.</p><p>We&rsquo;re excited about the opportunity to bring new people into the open source hardware community and are looking forward to collaborating with Flavien and Yuichi over the coming months.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/index.html b/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/index.html
index b336beab..9a6b671f 100644
--- a/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/index.html
@@ -1,59 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel, Sam Elliott, and Greg Chadwick,
-<time>September 14, 2020</time></address><p>Time is ticking and summer is almost over already. With that, also our this
-years’ <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC)
-projects are coming to an end. A lot of open-source coding has been done, pull
-requests have been made, reviewed and merged. Experiments have been conducted,
-results were gathered, interpreted and presented. Bugs were found and fixed, and
-the resulting designs further improved. Both our students and mentors have been
-working hard and we are pleased to announce that both our two projects described
-below have been completed successfully.</p><h2 id=flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:d114fcedc7249d6b754c9f8ccd3d3fbf>Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2><p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers
-derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design. The problem is that the
-external memory interface is running at a very high speed compared to the core
-CPU (e.g. a 25MHz core clock speed but external memory running a several hundred
-MHz). This can be misleading when trying to consider what the performance would
-be on an ASIC, as the CPU clock speed could be many times higher but the memory
-frequency remains the same or increases by a much smaller amount. The solution
-is to implement a memory controller for the FPGA that can accurately “simulate”
-memory access delays in terms of the processor’s clock cycles.</p><p>In this project, Flavien designed, implemented and verified such a Simulated
-Memory Controller IP core from scratch. The core features configurable AMBA AXI4
-host and device interfaces and is inserted between the processor and the real
-memory controller. Internally, it observes the memory requests sent by the
-processor, buffers the responses from the memory controller, and releases them
-to the processor after inserting an additional delay. The delays are determined
-by a separated Delay Calculator block that emulates a memory request scheduler and controller.
-The first version designed by Flavien uses a First-Ready, First-Come First
-Served strategy but it can be replaced by more advanced schedulers if needed in
-the future. The design can be used both in RTL simulation and on FPGA.</p><p>All of Flavien&rsquo;s code, including documentation and a Verilator testbench can be found in <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/gsoc-sim-mem>our
-<code>gsoc-sim-mem</code> GitHub repository</a>.</p><p>For more information on the project and Flavien’s experience, please read his
-<a href=https://flaviens.github.io/simmem/>blog post about the project</a>.</p><p>Flavien was mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p><h2 id=yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:d114fcedc7249d6b754c9f8ccd3d3fbf>Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2><p>Pointer Authentication (PA) uses cryptographic message authentication codes
-(MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of
-pointers in order to aggravate attacks targeting arbitrary code execution
-through malicious manipulation of code and data pointers.</p><p>In this project, Yuichi performed a proof-of-concept integration of PA into our
-own RISC-V core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a>. Previously, pointer
-authentication had only been implemented in high-performance, 64-bit
-application-class processors. To our knowledge, this GSoC project is the first
-attempt to implement PA in a 32-bit embedded processor, and it required Yuichi
-to face a couple of challenges related to a reduced feature set and
-micro-architectural differences. Yuichi integrated an existing block cipher
-module for generating and authenticating the MACs into the Ibex pipeline and he
-added new instructions and control and status registers (CSRs) for using this
-cipher module. In addition, he added support for these instructions in the LLVM
-compiler and designed a new compiler pass to automatically protect return
-addresses using pointer authentication. The performance of the resulting PA
-implementation has been profiled using CoreMark and Embench in a Verilator
-simulation. This also allowed Yuichi to estimate the effect of different cipher
-core latencies on application performance. His work has demonstrated that PA can
-be implemented in embedded 32-bit processors at reasonable area overhead of
-roughly 20% and protect return address addresses at an average performance
-overhead of just 2 to 3%.</p><p>The work for integrating PA into Ibex, including a simple demo application, can
-be found on <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/tree/gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication>the <code>gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication</code> branch of our GitHub
-repository</a>.</p><p>The work on the Clang and LLVM compilers can be found on <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/llvm-project/tree/gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication>the
-<code>gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication</code> branch of our GitHub
-fork</a>.</p><p>In addition, Yuichi also landed <a href=https://reviews.llvm.org/rG3f7068ad986d7f44f47faec78597a5e62b07b20b>an upstream patch into
-LLVM</a>. This
-allows the Ibex benchmarks to be compiled with Clang/LLVM.</p><p>For more information and Yuichi’s detailed report, please read his <a href=https://mmxsrup.github.io/2020/08/31/gsoc2020-final-report.html>blog post
-about the
-project</a>.</p><p>Yuichi was mentored by Pirmin Vogel, Luis Marques, and Sam Elliott.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html b/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html
index e6f4a08f..874133a3 100644
--- a/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award! &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 22, 2020</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" title="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>On October 20th, lowRISC CIC won in the Open Hardware category at the <a href=https://openuk.uk/awards/>2020 OpenUK Awards</a>, describing lowRISC as &ldquo;the jewel in the crown of the UK’s open silicon companies&rdquo;. The OpenUK awards promote &ldquo;UK Leadership in Open Technology&rdquo;, and are given out by OpenUK, a UK-based not-for-profit company which supports open source collaboration and open technologies within the United Kingdom.</p><p>On receiving the award, lowRISC CTO, Alex Bradbury, said &ldquo;We&rsquo;re incredibly grateful to have been recognised for our achievements and contributions to date. Six years into our journey, it&rsquo;s a fantastic time to reflect on and thank the many people helping to make our vision for open source silicon a reality - our community of contributors, project partners, and the growing lowRISC team.”</p><p>What a great present to receive on the occasion of lowRISC&rsquo;s 6th Birthday! It doesn’t seem too long ago we were celebrating our 5th birthday but what a year it has been. The pioneering open silicon project <a href=https://www.opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> has had its public launch, we&rsquo;ve moved to a great new office, hired new staff and are making fantastic progress on OpenTitan, Ibex and LLVM.</p><p>We&rsquo;ve had our heads down working hard, so haven&rsquo;t been writing about our work as much as we&rsquo;d like but we&rsquo;ll be getting a larger update out soon. In the meantime, you can always see what we&rsquo;re up to on our <a href=https://www.github.com/lowRISC>GitHub Repositories</a> and contribute yourself.</p><p>Don&rsquo;t forget we&rsquo;re actively hiring, so if you want to get involved in our work full time take a look at our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>Jobs Page</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html b/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html
index 16b50cf9..971c87bb 100644
--- a/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html
+++ b/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html
@@ -1,7 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Luís Marques,
-<time>October 8, 2020</time></address><p>At this <a href=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2020-09/>October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting</a> I presented a
-<a href=/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/llvm-dev-meeting-oct-2020-poster.pdf>poster</a>
-about how, with a surprisingly simple tool, we were able to rapidly identify, isolate, and fix a range of missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&rsquo;s RISC-V backend.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/longfruit>tool</a> works by generating random C programs, compiling each program with both Clang and GCC (targeting RISC-V) and comparing the assembly generated by both compilers. If it estimates that Clang/LLVM generated worse code than GCC then it saves that case for further analysis. We found that, even with a simple implementation, this tool was surprisingly effective.</p><p>The tool works in multiple stages:</p><ul><li>The random code generator (a simple recursive descent generator) directly emits the code, without building an AST. This is easy to customise, so we can use our knowledge of the RISC-V ISA and of the backend to ensure it generates C code that is more likely to identify problematic cases.</li><li>To perform quality estimation and comparison of the assembly output, the tool assigns costs to the individual instructions, and adds up the costs for the entire assembly sequence. An individual instruction cost is determined by its operation kind (load/store/branch/arithmetic/&hellip;). The tool detects cases where Clang could improve by checking if its assembly output has a higher total cost than that of GCC.</li><li>Detected cases are minimized by running <a href=https://embed.cs.utah.edu/creduce/>C-Reduce</a> in combination with the tool. By minimizing the source program while ensuring that the quality difference is preserved we produce concise test cases that isolate code quality issues.</li></ul><p>This straight-forward approach has proven to be powerful enough to detect issues across a variety of categories. Examples include:</p><ul><li>Poor constant materialisation sequences;</li><li>Unnecessary sign extensions;</li><li>Using branches instead of RISC-V comparison instructions;</li><li>Not using the offset immediates in some load and store instructions;</li><li>Unnecessary floating-point conversions;</li><li>Dead instructions.</li></ul><p>We have already addressed a range of the issues we found. As we take care of all of the low-hanging fruit, we can also keep improving the tool to detect more subtle cases.</p><p>If you missed the poster session, you can still watch a 5-minute video summary, shown below.</p><iframe width=560 height=315 src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/chi74XqWU1c frameborder=0 allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/"></head></html>
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index 4371d664..69f8eba9 100644
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@@ -1,4 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan at One Year &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan at One Year</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 22, 2020</time></address><p>Last year, along with our <a href=https://opentitan.org/#partners>partners</a>, lowRISC announced <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a>, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year-open-source.html>Google Security Blog</a> post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.</p><p>OpenTitan’s success demonstrates the value of the lowRISC <a href="https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/digital-technology-and-the-planet/digital-technology-and-the-planet-report.pdf#page=65">collaborative engineering model</a>, wherein our full-stack engineering team allows us to serve as an essential development hub. Our governance support, open source expertise, and engineering contributions, enable us to provide a healthy environment for the development of high quality silicon design and verification IP that solves real-world problems.</p><p>You can see this collaborative approach in practice with such blocks as the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/master/hw/ip/aes>AES</a> accelerator, and the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex processor core</a> at OpenTitan’s heart. These were developed in close collaboration with our partners using the same shared engineering methodology that all lowRISC projects follow to build high quality IP: structured <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/project/development_stages/>development stages and review processes</a>, our <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/comportability_specification/>comportable IP</a> framework and adherence to strict <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/>coding and style guidelines</a>.</p><p>We’re excited about OpenTitan&rsquo;s future. It lays the foundation for critical security infrastructure to be built upon an open, trustworthy technology, and provides a pathfinder model for successful open source silicon development to drive widespread adoption and use.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/index.html b/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/index.html
index 4d800f7a..718921f7 100644
--- a/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/index.html
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@@ -1,13 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 15, 2021</time></address><p>lowRISC is delighted that <a href=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/>Andy Hopper</a>,
-lowRISC&rsquo;s independent chair, has been <a href=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-queens-birthday-honours-2021>knighted for services to Computer
-Technology</a>.</p><p>Andy said &ldquo;As you might imagine I am delighted. What I have achieved is all a
-result of teamwork. The University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Cluster have
-provided a wonderfully collaborative and flexible environment within which I
-have had the good fortune to work for over 40 years.&rdquo;</p><p>The culture he created, and his interest in and support for doing things in
-non-standard ways, has helped to establish over 200 start-ups, including
-lowRISC CIC.</p><p>Sir Andy Hopper, CBE, FIET, FREng, FRS, is Treasurer and Vice-President of the
-Royal Society and Professor of Computer Technology in the Department of
-Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/index.html b/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/index.html
index 6ea37a9d..e96b435a 100644
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@@ -1,4 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 2, 2022</time></address><p>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.</p><p>The acquisition brings added momentum to lowRISC, whose <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a> project – a collaboration between lowRISC, Google, Western Digital, Seagate and other commercial and academic partners – has created the first transparent, high-quality reference design and integration guidelines for silicon root of trust (RoT) chips. As an open source project, OpenTitan enables the larger community to proactively audit, evaluate and dramatically improve the security properties of the chip design. With the addition of NewAE Technology’s advanced hardware security analysis tools, OpenTitan’s community of partners will now be able to conduct side-channel power analysis and fault injection attacks to uncover vulnerabilities in physical security implementations of their own silicon.</p><p>“NewAE’s groundbreaking and accessible tools have the potential to be central to security testing of embedded silicon throughout the ecosystem,” said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC. “With its open-design approach to hardware and its commitment to transparency and security, NewAE strategically complements our own open source silicon design focus, helping create transparent silicon worthy of being trusted. We look forward to continuing to support and expand upon NewAE’s current product offerings, bolstering evaluation of OpenTitan’s own security, and ensuring that open source hardware can be hardened against the most serious attacks.”</p><p>Founded in 2014, NewAE Technology built the first commercially supported open source toolchain for advanced hardware security evaluation, including side-channel analysis and fault injection. Its signature product, ChipWhisperer, is an open source toolchain that provides a standardized capture tool for testing new analysis algorithms in real time along with countermeasures to expose weaknesses that exist in embedded systems. As such, this acquisition will enable lowRISC to develop and evaluate digital countermeasures in the open source, disrupting the market of traditionally niche security analysis tools with an approachable, accessible hardware security tool.</p><p>“lowRISC’s acquisition of NewAE brings together two philosophically-aligned organizations committed to secure, open source silicon development and adoption, bringing transparency to what has traditionally been a very locked down ecosystem,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan’s Project Director. “NewAE’s offerings will fundamentally change the nature of OpenTitan silicon development by enabling engineers and designers in our community to be more aware of side-channel and fault-injection attacks, allowing us all to build more secure systems.”</p><p>Side-channel and fault-injection attacks enable attackers to break into and extract information from a secure device. Because these attacks are often non-invasive, they are difficult to detect and some of the most challenging to mitigate. With a side-channel attack, bad actors can obtain cryptographic keys by observing a device’s power consumption to extract critical secrets. Fault-injection attacks occur when an attacker injects a fault into a device to disrupt its intended behavior and access information.</p><p>“NewAE and lowRISC’s shared belief in open source hardware made lowRISC a natural home for ChipWhisperer and related projects,” said Colin O’Flynn, CEO, NewAE Technology, Inc. “This alignment brings to the OpenTitan project expertise in precise analysis tools that visualize weaknesses in silicon that would be vulnerable to side-channel and fault-injection attacks. This lets us focus not just on security tooling, but also on an entire stack of embedded security solutions.”</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html b/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html
index 978f4d85..215fd05f 100644
--- a/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html
+++ b/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Dominic Rizzo (OpenTitan) and Jason Oberg (Cycuity),
-<time>August 3, 2022</time></address><p>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p>Cycuity provides software products that help detect and prevent unexpected design weaknesses throughout the semiconductor design process. The Radix product line enables rigorous hardware security assurance for all types of silicon devices, helping companies that build or rely on semiconductors achieve security sign-off more systematically and predictably. OpenTitan’s freely available, permissively licensed, security-focused design presented an ideal opportunity to demonstrate Cycuity’s technology, while providing greater assurances of OpenTitan’s design in the process.</p><p>Since open source hardware roots of trusts are a new technology – OpenTitan being the first – it is important to transparently create confidence in their correctness. Due to its open availability, Cycuity was able to use the OpenTitan design to demonstrate the effectiveness of using security verification to show the trustworthiness of open source hardware. Collaborating with Professor Ryan Kastner and his lab at UC San Diego, we successfully applied Cycuity’s Radix technology to OpenTitan’s OTP controller, validating some challenging security requirements.</p><h2 id=importance-of-security-verification:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7>Importance of Security Verification</h2><p>OpenTitan’s rich suite of security features enables it to be a trustworthy root of trust for the systems that adopt it. Fundamentally, this means these secure features must be maximally correct. Systematically specifying security requirements and then building a security verification plan for those requirements helps achieve the highest levels of assurance for a design.</p><p>Security verification is often challenging due to the difficulty in easily mapping security requirements into concise verification rules and being able to execute those rules within the existing design verification environments. Furthermore, security requirements are often vague or poorly specified, making specification of compact verification statements difficult.</p><p>Cycuity’s Radix products use information flow, an innovative technology that makes it very efficient to create concise security rules based on requirements and easily identify any violations to security requirements from unknown or unexpected weaknesses in the design. Radix’s security analysis capabilities also make it very effective at helping refine security requirements if they are not clearly defined.</p><h2 id=example-security-requirements-for-opentitan-s-otp-controller:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7>Example: Security Requirements for OpenTitan’s OTP Controller</h2><p>Radix builds security requirements by basing them on design assets. To do so effectively,
-several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:</p><ul><li><strong>Assets</strong>: Resources in the design that should be protected from an adversary</li><li><strong>Security Objectives</strong>: Confidentiality, Integrity, or Availability for the Assets</li><li><strong>Protections</strong> and <strong>Protection Boundaries</strong> for the design assets under the security objective</li></ul><p>Using this framework creates succinct and verifiable security requirements that can be easily executed within the Radix software.</p><p>Numerous assets in OpenTitan require protection from an adversary to ensure its secure operation. One example is a random netlist key stored within OpenTitan’s one-time programmable (OTP) memory controller that is used to scramble user keys in order to protect them against physical attacks, such as those from fault injection. By using the approach described above, we created a concise security requirement for this random netlist key asset below:</p><blockquote><p>“RndCnstKey should not be read on the OTP outputs”</p></blockquote><p>From this security requirement, we were able to identify the asset as the RndCnstKey, the security objective as Confidentiality, and the protection boundary as the OTP outputs. With this information, we were able to easily create a Radix security rule and execute it within Radix in order to analyze any security violations.</p><h2 id=analyzing-security-violations:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7>Analyzing Security Violations</h2><p>A critical component of the security verification process is security analysis. This is crucial to ensure that the security requirements are concisely specified, as well as to assist in identifying unknown design weaknesses. By using Radix’s security analysis capabilities, we were able to validate that the random constant key never makes it to the output of the OTP controller in an unscrambled form, which is a good thing.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_1998x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Screenshot of Radix Analysis" title="Screenshot of Radix Analysis" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"><p>While applying Radix to the OTP controller, we also identified intermediate values of the random constant key appearing on the output of the scrambler. This is interesting and surprising, but was determined to be a low risk since the intermediate values are protected at the boundary of the OTP output. Even so, this information enabled OpenTitan to push a fix mitigating this leakage out of an abundance of caution to potential future threats.</p><p>This systematic analysis enabled us to provide strong assurance that an adversary is unlikely to recover the random constant key and subvert the mitigations within the OTP controller, since the only way it can get access to key information externally is when the key is in a scrambled form. We will continue to work on several other design assets and security requirements to verify other important security features within OpenTitan in a similar manner. We will also share the security requirements and findings with the community to help advance OpenTitan’s secure development lifecycle.</p><h2 id=summary-takeaways:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7>Summary / Takeaways</h2><p>OpenTitan is a powerful silicon root of trust design with comprehensive security features necessary for building secure systems anchored in hardware. Along with other best practices, defining concise security requirements and performing systematic security verification helps ensure these features are integrated and configured securely throughout the design lifecycle.</p><p>With Radix’s unique security analysis capabilities, we were able to identify improvements to the design of select OpenTitan blocks that conventional functional verification techniques can sometimes miss. This has and will continue to increase the assurance in the security that OpenTitan provides openly and transparently.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 5, 2022</time></address><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom</strong>, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.</p><p>Eckert holds the chair for IT Security in the Department of Computer Science at Technical University of Munich (TUM) and is director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC) in Munich, overseeing more than 220 researchers. She has over 30 years of research and development experience in the field of IT security, with a focus on new methods and technology to increase embedded system and application security, as well as research aimed at increasing the resilience of systems against attacks.</p><p>&ldquo;We are very pleased to welcome Prof. Dr. Eckert – a premier expert in the field – to our board of directors,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC. &ldquo;She shares our vision for the future of open-source hardware and silicon development and her R&amp;D experience in IT security will be of great value in moving our mission forward. With her breadth of knowledge and her technical insight, Prof. Eckert will help us deliver an industry first: high-quality, secure open-source system-on-chip designs.&rdquo;</p><p>She joins Andy Hopper, professor of Computer Technology and former head of the Department of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge and independent chair, treasurer, and vice president of The Royal Society; Luca Benini, professor of Electronics at University of Bologna, chair of Digital Circuits and Systems at ETH Zurich; Gavin Ferris, CEO, lowRISC; Ron Minnich, senior staff software engineer at Google; Robert Mullins, professor of Computer Architecture at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge; and Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Project Lead, Google.</p><p>&ldquo;As someone who is very active in the cybersecurity field and open-source software space, I am proud to lend my expertise in open-source and related security issues to advance lowRISC’s mission of bringing secure open-source innovation to the silicon design ecosystem,&rdquo; said Eckert. &ldquo;lowRISC’s forward-looking approach addresses some of the most significant technology challenges we’re facing – from global chip supply shortages to security implementation. lowRISC’s innovation in open-source hardware is unparalleled and I am proud to be a part of this important and exciting endeavor.&rdquo;</p><p>Eckert earned her degree in Computer Science at the University of Bonn and finished her Ph.D. at TUM. She worked at several universities including the University of Oldenburg, Kiel University, LMU Munich, and the University of Bremen. She founded the Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, of which she was deputy director until 2010, and later went on to found the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security in Munich with a specially created professorship alongside it at TUM.</p><p>As a member of various national and international industrial advisory boards and scientific committees, Eckert advises companies, business associations and the public sector on all IT security issues. In specialist committees, she is involved in the design of the technical and scientific framework in Germany and in the design of scientific funding programs at the EU level.</p><p>Eckert has received numerous awards and accolades, including the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Society for Information Technology’s Digital Minds award, which honors those who advance digital development in Germany. In 2011, the trade journal Computerwoche ranked Eckert among the top 100 most important personalities in the German ICT landscape.</p><p>Media Contact: <a href=mailto:lowrisc@thatcherandco.com>lowrisc@thatcherandco.com</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/index.html b/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 31, 2022</time></address><p>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins <em>their</em> effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).</p><p>And yet, despite the vital role these RoTs play, few people, including even security professionals, are familiar with what a Root of Trust is — or in fact that it even exists. What’s more, given how essential these devices are to the safety of our products and to enabling our modern way of life, RoTs are not as ubiquitous as they should be.</p><p>So, what does a Root of Trust do exactly? Many things, but amongst the most important are ensuring that only authorized code can run on the system it sits in, and securely storing secrets independent from that device’s operating system.</p><p>The first of these you can think of like a bouncer guarding the front door of a nightclub who pats you down before he lets you in. It won’t allow any suspicious code - such as low-level ransomware &ndash; to enter and wreck the party.</p><p>The second is an essential method to secure critical data &ndash; such as your biometrics like fingerprints and facial profile &ndash; against theft, even if the device’s OS is compromised.</p><p>These silicon RoTs are so important to modern society that we at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org>lowRISC</a> believe their design and implementation should be transparent. Otherwise, how can users be confident that its security features are as strong and robust as they need to be?</p><p>That is why we host and support <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan™</a>, the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust design. Our collaborative Silicon Commons chip development approach allows us — together with our partners — to create designs of known good provenance that anyone can examine, extend and integrate, sharing our collective expertise as we do. Crucially, this enables users to believe in the security claims being made, because transparent designs enable independent scrutiny.</p><p>While this way of working has become widespread in the <em>software</em> domain — with open source collaboration proving hugely beneficial to businesses and consumers alike — progress on the <em>hardware</em> side has been slower, as chip creators have, perhaps understandably given the huge costs of development, sought to keep their intellectual property to themselves. But the OpenTitan project shows how times are changing. That’s because with open hardware designs, we get not only better security but faster innovation and better products too, making the approach a win-win for business and consumers alike.</p><p>So as we round out a month dedicated to increasing cybersecurity awareness — in which we’ve been reminded to strengthen our passwords and promptly install all software updates — remember that small but essential piece of hardware, the silicon RoT. This unsung hero is working behind the scenes to keep your money and data secure, every time you fire up your laptop, unlock your car, or buy a coffee with your phone. So wouldn’t you like to know what’s inside it? With OpenTitan, <a href=https://www.github.com/lowrisc/opentitan>you can</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/index.html b/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 2, 2022</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png alt="OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner" title="OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner" class="d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto"><p>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html><head><title>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/</title><link rel=canonical href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/><meta name=robots content="noindex"><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; url=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/"></head></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/index.html b/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>April 20, 2023</time></address><p>We are excited to announce today that the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.</p><p>Together with our partners, we began the OpenTitan project in 2019 with the goal of producing the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust (RoT). With this new achievement we are a step closer to realising that goal.</p><p>Getting to this point has taken a lot of coordinated work, as we&rsquo;ve had to navigate the many stumbling blocks that have traditionally made open-source silicon development a challenge. In a recent article for EETimes, where we first made this announcement, we discussed the seven &ldquo;deadly sins&rdquo; that have kept open-source silicon from reaching its full potential — and how OpenTitan has addressed these difficulties, starting with our Silicon Commons framework.</p><p>By following this framework — which mandates a scrupulously neutral and strictly enforced governance approach, a mature, shared continuous integration, verification and development infrastructure, and a rigorous collaborative development workflow —- we have flipped those seven sins into seven virtues.</p><p>As a result, we are well on our way to fulfilling our mission to make this fully verified, industrial strength open-source silicon design available to anyone who needs it. You can read more in the full EETimes article <a href=https://www.eetimes.com/ushering-in-a-new-era-for-open-source-silicon-development/>here</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/index.html b/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by The OpenTitan Team,
-<time>June 16, 2023</time></address><p>We are delighted to <a href=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2023/06/opentitan-rtl-freeze.html.html>announce</a> an important development for <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan®</a>: <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/releases/tag/Earlgrey-M2.5.1-RC0>RTL Freeze</a> for the <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>Earl Grey</a> discrete, the first OpenTitan chip tapeout. This milestone is a source of immense pride for lowRISC and our OpenTitan partners, because it’s a concrete demonstration of the success of the Silicon Commons™ approach to making silicon radically more transparent and trustworthy.</p><p>In partnership with Nuvoton, a major TPM vendor, this RTL freeze means that the OpenTitan coalition will have engineering samples of the discrete silicon root of trust (RoT) this calendar year. These chips play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity of devices ranging from motherboards and network cards to laptops, phones, and IoT platforms – creating the solid foundation for all other platform security services, ensuring the end user benefits from the RoT without having to worry about it.</p><p>And while this is an exciting milestone for the project, our impact on the industry is just getting started. We see this proof point as an opportunity to continue the work of our carefully crafted community of talented commercial partners, independent developers, and personal contributors to build a truly trusted computing future from the OpenTitan silicon ecosystem.</p><p>When we <a href=https://lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>publicly announced OpenTitan</a> as the world’s first open source RoT in 2019, we did so with support from a broad and growing set of friends and partners, including Google, G+D Mobile Security, ETH Zurich, Nuvoton, Winbond, Seagate, Western Digital, Rivos, and now zeroRISC. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for their <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/pulse/monthly>contributions</a> and to the many individuals who have generously shared their expertise and creativity with us over the years.</p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. has been privileged to support this flourishing community since inception. Our Silicon Commons™ methodology, developed with OpenTitan’s partners to support distributed open silicon collaboration, has enabled commits to grow from 2,500 at launch to over 20,000 today, with more than 165 contributors merging over 13,000 pull requests containing more than 1.5 million lines of code. The Earl Grey chip itself contains 34 unique blocks, each with a standardized, <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/contributing/hw/comportability/index.html>comportable</a> interface. These include hardened KMAC, AES and asymmetric cryptography accelerator blocks plus the <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc/ibex>Ibex 32-bit RISC-V core</a> in a dual-core lockstep configuration. Each element in the ecosystem includes a full suite of open source documentation and design verification, including top-level tests for the full chip.</p><p>&ldquo;When we started OpenTitan, I could not have predicted how quickly and successfully it would expand &ndash; starting from a simple reference design to become the first commercially available complete open source silicon product. This RTL Freeze milestone, significant for any chip, shows that open source and silicon aren’t inherently incompatible given enough sustained focus,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan founder and Project Director. “With billions more hyper-connected devices coming online in the next decade, rooting security in the silicon has become table stakes – and open source enables trustworthy, affordable silicon security.”</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_1100x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development" title="Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"><h2 id=open-source-meets-principled-design:b4ed5c11d6c1def1f5f803fc20890ee5>Open Source meets Principled Design</h2><p>The OpenTitan project has followed <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html>three principles</a> from the start: transparency, high quality, and flexibility. These guide us through every stage of hardware development, ensuring stringent adherence to standards from start through final integration. Comprehensive testbenches, infrastructure, and a robust verification methodology – all in the open source – only reinforce our commitment to quality.</p><p>We run over 40,000 tests every day, in public and available on the OpenTitan <a href=https://opentitan.org/dashboard/index.html>Design Verification Dashboard</a>. Rapid identification and resolution of regressions ensures that design quality is sustained in the face of rapid development changes. We move fast and <em>don’t</em> break things – and fix them quickly when they do. The Earl Grey chip’s functional and code coverage rates typically exceed 90%, on par or better than proprietary designs.</p><p>OpenTitan’s infrastructure support includes: test frameworks, continuous integration, and per-block device interface functions, host tools to support official OpenTitan® instances, and a formal release process. In combination, these enable successful open source silicon designs and the ability to adopt them with confidence in their stability. As you would expect, our <a href=https://opentitan.org/documentation/index.html>documentation</a> suite includes a <a href=https://opentitan.org/guides/getting_started/index.html>Getting Started Guide</a>, a step-by-step installation guide for starting to work with the OpenTitan design using a Linux workstation.</p><h2 id=join-the-opentitan-project:b4ed5c11d6c1def1f5f803fc20890ee5>Join the OpenTitan Project</h2><p>We invite you to join the OpenTitan project as we mark this significant milestone towards achieving transparency and trustworthiness in the silicon root of trust. The flourishing OpenTitan community makes inevitable a transparent, trustworthy, and affordable secure computing future.</p><p>If you would like to contribute, please visit the open source <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan>GitHub repository</a> or <a href=mailto:get-involved@opentitan.org>get in touch</a> with the OpenTitan team!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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diff --git a/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/index.html b/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
-<time>July 17, 2023</time></address><p><a href=https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze</a> of <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>Earl Grey</a>, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s mission is to provide a secure root of trust, which is complemented by a secure processor core. To address this need, we elevated one of the most widely deployed, highest quality RISC-V cores in academia to the industrial-level of quality characteristic of this project. While we were at it, we added additional hardening and security features of broad utility to all who may want to reuse Ibex in other designs.</p><p>More specifically, the development of a processor core, such as Ibex, goes beyond the RTL design itself. In order for the design to be viable for commercial usage, several additional aspects need to be considered and addressed. This blog post highlights the importance of comprehensive design verification (DV), how we utilized DV in the development of Ibex, and the role of regressions. This blog is based on a speaking session I presented at the RISC-V summit if you want to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYyi8ZhEQxA">watch the video</a>.</p><h2 id=what-is-ibex:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c>What is Ibex?</h2><p>Ibex is an open-source 32-bit RISC-V core, designed with extensions specifically tailored for security, IoT, and embedded applications. Some of the notable features of Ibex include its ePMP (Enhanced Physical Memory Protection) support, debug capability, instruction cache, and a flexible 2 or 3 stage pipeline.</p><p>One of the key strengths of Ibex lies in its highly configurable nature. Developers can tailor Ibex to meet their specific requirements, enabling them to optimize the core for different use cases. This configurability ensures that Ibex can be seamlessly integrated into a variety of systems and scenarios.</p><p>Ibex is integrated within the Earl Grey chip in a dual-lockstep configuration as a fault-injection mitigation mechanism, adding an additional layer of physical attack protection to the platform. This feature is particularly relevant for use in OpenTitan, where a robust and secure foundation is even more important for building trustworthy systems.</p><h2 id=why-does-design-verification-and-testing-matter:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c>Why does design verification and testing matter?</h2><p>While RTL design is a crucial component of a processor core, it is only one aspect of the overall development process. Like all OpenTitan components, Ibex emphasizes the importance of design verification (DV) processes, which ensures the reliability of the core, and allows developers to choose Ibex as the foundation for their projects with confidence.</p><p>Design verification needs to be credible to demonstrate the core&rsquo;s robustness. This requires the development of complete test plans and coverage plans that encompass a wide range of scenarios and potential corner cases. Nightly regressions with published results enable ongoing monitoring of the core&rsquo;s performance and progress, providing valuable insights into its stability and reliability.</p><p>In addition to verification, the RTL needs to be consumable by a variety of EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools to ensure compatibility with different developer toolchains. Additionally, having a lint clean RTL helps identify and eliminate potential coding issues that could impact performance or functionality.</p><h2 id=how-does-ibex-facilitate-design-verification-and-testing:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c>How does Ibex facilitate design verification and testing?</h2><p>Ibex&rsquo;s DV strategy involves specifying tests that focus on different scenarios, enabling thorough coverage of the code and functionality. By systematically designing tests for different scenarios, our developers have ensured that the core performs as intended across a wide range of use cases.</p><p>Ibex leverages <a href=https://github.com/chipsalliance/riscv-dv>randomized programs generated by RISC-V DV</a>. The RISC-V DV tool generates programs that stress different features of the core, enabling comprehensive testing and bug detection, by generating stimuli to test the core’s behavior under various scenarios.</p><p>In addition to these randomized tests, Ibex employs a UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) testbench with configurable sequences for constrained randomized stimulus. This provides a framework for generating stimuli that target specific aspects of the core&rsquo;s behavior. The sequences are configurable, allowing developers to control the input parameters and stimuli generation, such as instruction and data memory accesses, interrupts, and debug requests.</p><p>Co-simulation with Spike ISS (Instruction Set Simulator) is utilized to ensure the core behaves as expected. This involves running the same stimuli in both the RTL implementation of Ibex and the Spike ISS, and comparing their outputs. Co-simulation also includes checking all data memory accesses to verify the integrity of memory operations.</p><p>Functional coverage is gathered at both an architectural level (e.g. checking every implemented instruction has been tested) and a microarchitectural level (e.g. checking we’ve seen all combinations of pipeline stalls and instruction types). Full coverage includes everything specified in the <a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/03_reference/coverage_plan.html>coverage plan</a>, which is achieved with a combination of randomized and directed tests.</p><p>Directed tests are carefully crafted to target specific scenarios that might be challenging to achieve through randomized programs alone. By designing directed tests, developers can explore corner cases and edge conditions that could be missed by random stimuli, ensuring comprehensive testing coverage.</p><h2 id=what-is-the-role-of-regression-testing:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c>What is the role of regression testing?</h2><p>Regression testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the consistency and correctness of the Ibex design. As part of lowRISC&rsquo;s working practices, these tests are run regularly to monitor the project&rsquo;s status.</p><p>The results of these regressions are carefully monitored and triaged. Any failures or issues that arise during the regression tests are investigated and addressed by the project team. This proactive approach ensures that issues and bugs are identified and resolved in a timely manner, preventing potential problems from accumulating and affecting the overall project health.</p><p>To provide transparency and accessibility to the regression test results, lowRISC maintains a public website where the <a href=https://ibex.reports.lowrisc.org/opentitan/latest/report.html>latest reports</a> can be accessed. This report provides comprehensive information about the regression test results, allowing stakeholders and developers to review the project&rsquo;s status, track improvements, and monitor any ongoing issues.</p><h2 id=why-work-with-ibex:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c>Why work with Ibex?</h2><p>Ibex began as a high quality academic core, zero-riscy, which lowRISC adopted from our OpenTitan partners ETH Zürich, because of its strong alignment with the project’s principles of transparency, high-quality and flexibility. By adding DV and regression testing to Ibex, we have taken an already high-quality design to the next level.</p><p>The open source nature of Ibex provides developers with the freedom to configure the core as they see fit. Like all collaboratively developed IP supported by the OpenTitan project, Ibex is permissively licensed and provides a strong foundation for others to build both non-profit and commercial designs upon.</p><p>Open source projects rely on contributing partners to thrive: support and contributions from the community are essential for success and sustainability. By engaging with contributing partners, Ibex can continue to evolve and improve, benefiting from the collective effort of those who are actively involved.</p><p>If you are already using Ibex or are interested in supporting its development, there are opportunities to get involved and make a difference. By reaching out to us at lowRISC via email at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a>, you can express your interest in supporting our work or contributing to the ongoing development of Ibex. Your involvement can help shape the future of Ibex and contribute to the advancement of open source hardware!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/index.html b/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 12, 2023</time></address><p>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) recently <a href=https://iuk.ktn-uk.org/news/digital-security-by-design-driving-investment-in-the-automotive-sector-and-embedded-systems/>announced</a> that its CHERI-based Digital Security by Design Programme (DSbD) technologies have already demonstrated significant value in sectors where high integrity, resilient, and safety-focused applications are paramount, including avionics, automotive and embedded systems.</p><p>DSbD aims to provide foundational support to developers centred around a technology enhancement in the central processor (CPU): Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions, or (CHERI). CHERI has the potential to prevent around 2/3rds of current exploits, whilst simultaneously providing new software methods to help maintain the operational resilience and integrity of applications.</p><p>As part of a drive to ensure these advances are usable in the challenging operational technology (OT) domain as well as the more fully-featured platforms to which they were originally targeted, we are delighted to report that this announcement also included significant funding for a new project with lowRISC CIC</p><h1 id=lowrisc-s-involvement:e21d2da2ad44ad21037cfdd284510990>lowRISC’s Involvement</h1><p>Operational technology (OT) systems are computing nodes used to monitor or control physical devices, processes, and events. They are particularly challenging targets, since their critical security requirements must typically be achieved within very tight power, area and financial budgets.</p><p>To support uptake in this space, DSbD is now funding a project with lowRISC to enable the CHERI technologies to be delivered within a RISC-V based embedded platform.</p><p>Specifically, lowRISC will leverage Microsoft’s recently open-sourced <a href=https://github.com/microsoft/cheriot-ibex>CHERIoT</a> work, which extended our popular, open-source RISC-V <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a> CPU core with CHERI support, and deliver both a low-cost evaluation board for this baseline version, and also a top-level design that unifies the mature OpenTitan silicon root of trust with CHERIoT in a single system, suitable for use as the basis for either a standalone, low-power OT secure microcontroller, or for integration into other OT system-on-chip (SoC) designs as a subcomponent.</p><p>lowRISC is uniquely positioned to be able to deliver this,being the maintainers of the RISC-V based Ibex processor, and steward of the collaboration developing the open-source <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a> silicon Root-of-Trust (RoT).</p><p>OpenTitan has <a href=https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>recently declared</a> a significant milestone, taping out its Engineering Sample (ES). This marks a hugely significant quality and verification step towards commercial production silicon. Furthermore, its wholly owned subsidiary <a href=https://www.newae.com/>NewAE Technology Inc</a>, will develop and deliver the evaluation boards, seeding interest and take up of CHERI technology.</p><h1 id=project-deliverables-in-detail:e21d2da2ad44ad21037cfdd284510990>Project Deliverables in Detail</h1><p>As noted, lowRISC will deliver two prototype platforms: one centred around the existing CHERIoT core as a demonstrator (the Base-Version, BV) and another where the CHERIoT core is paired with OpenTitan (the Extended Evaluation Version, EEV). The EEV enables the full power of CHERIoT to be evaluated and utilised in an OT context. The lowRISC team will work closely with UKRI to bring these versions to their intended audiences and accelerate the adoption of CHERI in the market.</p><p>We are seeking input from interested parties on the requirements for the BV. In particular we are interested to hear about peripherals and interfaces that would be useful to those seeking to evaluate CHERIoT for use with their applications. See <a href=http://tinyurl.com/cheriot-fpga-board>tinyurl.com/cheriot-fpga-board</a> for more details. Please send your feedback to <a href=mailto:cheriot-bv-reqs@lowrisc.org>cheriot-bv-reqs@lowrisc.org</a></p><p>All board designs, RTL, and firmware will be provided as permissively licensed open source to maximise their impact and reach, and the project will be completed by the end of 2024. The deliverables and outputs from this project will help fulfil the objectives of DSbD to “transform digital technology and create a more resilient, and secure foundation for a safer future.” Through lowRISC’s deliverables, the next generation of secure-by-design electronic devices — in the challenging domain of OT — can be further researched, developed and commercialised, and better yet, because of the project’s open-source nature, this can be done without the material barriers to entry that are normally associated with disruptive hardware technologies.</p><p>The diagram below illustrates the intended design of the EEV.
-Note this is an early diagram and the CHERIoT Ibex side may look different in the finished version (in particular the set of peripherals provided).
-The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing high-quality verified design.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_2198x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Diagram of the EEV" title="Diagram of the EEV" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 20, 2023</time></address><p><em>New Boards Allow Leading Developers and Organizations Globally to Contribute to the Project</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom – October 20, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org/>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open source system on chip (SoC) organization, today announced the commercial availability of two pieces of hardware crucial for research and development with OpenTitan, a project creating the world’s first open source silicon root of trust (RoT) designs.
-The NAE-CW310-K410T (Bergen Board) and the new, larger NAE-CW340-OTKIT (Luna Board) are now available for purchase exclusively from trusted global distributor Mouser, and addresses the overwhelming demand from OpenTitan partners, organizations and academic institutions wanting to run the full OpenTitan design — or subcomponents of that design — in a flexible FPGA-based emulation platform.
-&ldquo;With even more users unlocking the ability to contribute to ongoing OpenTitan testing and research, this is the next phase in building a trusted computing future from the OpenTitan silicon ecosystem,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC.
-&ldquo;These boards allow adopters to proactively research, audit and improve the security of the OpenTitan design as they integrate it with data centers, storage devices and hardware.&rdquo;</p><p>The Bergen Board was developed by NewAE Technology Inc. (a wholly owned lowRISC subsidiary) specifically to support the needs of partners and contributors to the OpenTitan project.
-The hardware was first released in limited supply in 2021, but demand quickly skyrocketed at a time of supply chain insecurity.
-With the improving supply chain, this announcement marks the beginning of setup for worldwide distribution of these boards.
-The new board, Luna, features an even larger Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) than the CW310.
-The Luna Board combines two parts (the CW340 baseboard &amp; CW341 Kintex UltraScale FPGA card) which can later be individually changed or upgraded, allowing for simple changes in FPGA size or connectivity.
-Other notable features of the new board enabling hardware security evaluation include:</p><ul><li><strong>Built-in interfaces</strong> including Joint Test Action Group (JTAG), serial, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and FPGA configuration for a <strong>single-board solution</strong> when developing for OpenTitan</li><li>Designed to enable <strong>electromagnetic side-channel analysis</strong> (EM-SCA) and <strong>fault injection</strong> testing of typical cryptographic hardware and embedded software implementations</li><li><strong>Low-noise</strong> and <strong>adjustable power supply</strong> for the FPGA core voltage, <strong>hardware temperature monitoring</strong> and <strong>automatic shut-down</strong>, and a <strong>cross-flow fan</strong> to enable cooling even with the heat spreader removed</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan project has <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/contributing/fpga/get_a_board.html>recently announced official support for the Luna Board</a> as a supported board for building the complete OpenTitan top-level emulation (Bergen is already supported).</p><p>While existing FPGA boards often require patching together various additional tools, the new boards come out-of-the-box with everything a developer needs for working with OpenTitan.
-As OpenTitan partners and RISC-V members continue their development work, having a turn-key development board will accelerate their research and integration of OpenTitan.
-Implementing both the Bergen and Luna Boards allows customers to:</p><ul><li>Achieve a <strong>fully integrated development environment</strong> with no additional tooling required, and reliable and repeatable setups</li><li>Enable <strong>hardware security analysis</strong> and <strong>evaluate designs</strong> for those meeting certifications such as EAL or FIPS-140-3</li><li>Unlock a <strong>future-proof architecture</strong> (Luna board) with a modular design that splits the baseboard and FPGA card into <strong>two physical boards</strong>, enabling use of custom FPGA cards or evaluation of other targets using the same interface</li><li>Enable <strong>side-channel analysis</strong> more effectively than any other commercially available FPGA boards, greatly <strong>simplifying analysis</strong> using electromagnetic side channel evaluation</li></ul><h3 id=pricing-and-availability:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e>Pricing and availability</h3><p>The <a href="https://www.mouser.co.uk/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW310-K410T-NORM?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4Xi1bN4MBUi5mlPV%2Flgk3YA%3D%3D">Bergen Board</a> ($5,000 USD) and <a href="https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW340-OTKIT?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4IlozQ82AqJ2dWzBTkNMJAg%3D%3D">Luna Board</a> ($10,000 USD) are now available for pre-order from Mouser with free international shipping outside of the U.S. For more information on support for the Bergen or Luna Board, visit <a href=https://rtfm.newae.com>https://rtfm.newae.com</a>.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p><h3 id=media-contact:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e>Media Contact:</h3><p>lowRISC@w2comm.com</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 30, 2023</time></address><p><em>The OpenTitan coalition continues to expand as the technology approaches commercial availability</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, England – October 30, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open-source silicon ecosystem organization, today announced <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>zeroRISC</a> has joined the <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan project</a>.
-zeroRISC is a startup focused on providing a cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices.
-The company played a key role in accomplishing the first OpenTitan tapeout and is driving efforts to validate the first discrete chip and bring the device to commercial production.</p><p>Founded in April 2023, zeroRISC was established by top contributors and original project founders from Google and recently <a href=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231027911768/en/zeroRISC-Launches-with-5-Million-in-Seed-Funding-to-Deliver-First-Commercial-OpenTitan%C2%AE-based-Cloud-Security-Service-for-Silicon>announced $5 million in seed funding</a> led by Cambridge Angels, a leading network of U.K. angel investors.
-The funding will be used to deliver the first commercial all-in-one drop-in silicon, software and services solution built on the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust (RoT) project.</p><p>&ldquo;Our formal membership in the OpenTitan project marks a significant stride towards making open secure silicon a reality,&rdquo; said Dominic Rizzo, founder and CEO of zeroRISC.
-&ldquo;At zeroRISC, we firmly believe that the safest and most secure systems will come to rely on open secure silicon, with trust and assurance built upon OpenTitan&rsquo;s transparent foundations.
-We look forward to continuing to work together with all project partners to commercialize the first truly open-source RoT chips, a remarkable achievement for zeroRISC and a powerful testament to the success of the OpenTitan project.&rdquo;</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s objective is a fundamental change in expectations of transparency for the silicon RoT design: in the same way a silicon RoT is foundational to building secure systems, transparency is foundational to the trustworthiness of that RoT.
-As the first open-source RoT, OpenTitan has democratized access to a critical component of silicon security aligned with Secure by Design and Secure by Default principles.</p><p>As OpenTitan’s non-profit host, lowRISC provides essential open-source governance, technical contributions, and structural support services for all partners.
-The innovative, open and collaborative methodology developed for the project – the Silicon Commons – has enabled OpenTitan to concretely demonstrate the viability of open-source chip design on par with open-source software.
-It has empowered diverse partners, including Winbond, Nuvoton, Seagate, Western Digital, Google, and Rivos — and now zeroRISC — to effectively collaborate and bring a critical security technology to the cusp of commercial availability.</p><p>&ldquo;As OpenTitan matures and continues to hit its major implementation milestones, we are excited to welcome partners like zeroRISC, with their wealth of open-source silicon experience, skills and vision to the project,&rdquo; said Ilia Stolov, General Manager of Winbond Israel.
-&ldquo;A truly trustworthy RoT is a critical technology, especially as the regulatory environment continues to shift in favor of certifiably secure solutions for the entire silicon supply chain.&rdquo;</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s consistent emphasis on high quality <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>design</a>, <a href=https://opentitan.org/dashboard/index.html>verification</a> and <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/introduction.html>documentation</a> collateral puts it at the vanguard of commercially relevant open-source silicon.
-Its adherence to Kerckhoff&rsquo;s principle stands in sharp contrast to closed RoT implementations, and represents a necessary reset of expectations of transparency in trustworthy, secure silicon.</p><p>To learn more about zeroRISC and its involvement in the OpenTitan project, visit: <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term.
-The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p><h3 id=about-zerorisc:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28>About zeroRISC</h3><p>Built on the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust project, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices.
-The zeroRISC platform is the only all-in-one drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system, while making secure ownership transfer straightforward.
-Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=about-opentitan:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28>About OpenTitan</h3><p><a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> is the industry&rsquo;s first open source silicon Root of Trust (RoT) project.
-Its objective is to make silicon RoT design and implementation more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for enterprises, platform providers, and chip makers.
-Developed from the start following the principles of high quality, transparency and flexibility, its components form the basis of an open silicon ecosystem and may be flexibly reused and reconfigured under the permissive Apache 2.0 license.
-OpenTitan top-level designs and components have extensive design verification and documentation, and are available for use in commercial systems today.</p><h3 id=media-contact:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28>Media Contact:</h3><p>lowrisc@w2comm.com</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/index.html b/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
-<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 13, 2023</time></address><p><em>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org/>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open silicon ecosystem organization, and <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>zeroRISC</a>, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project.
-This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.
-The design was developed with contributions from partners including Google, Winbond, Rivos, Giesecke+Devrient and zeroRISC and is now available under the permissive Apache 2 license for further innovation and exploitation, lowering the cost of core silicon security technology.</p><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/top_darjeeling_block_diagram.svg alt="OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram" title="OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram" width=700 class="d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto"><p><em><p style=text-align:center>OpenTitan <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_darjeeling/doc/datasheet.html>Darjeeling</a> Block Diagram</p></em></p><p>Since 2018, the OpenTitan coalition has been focused on creating an open silicon ecosystem by consistently following a well-defined roadmap from discrete to integrated secure silicon designs.
-The project partners are deeply engaged in this process, ensuring that the final designs are adaptable to many applications.
-OpenTitan also has a large and growing community of contributors beyond its formal partners.
-Together, these community participants open and resolve hundreds of pull requests and issues monthly, making OpenTitan the industry&rsquo;s most active open-source silicon project.</p><p>&ldquo;We need an integrated RoT for our SoCs,&rdquo; said Mark Hayter, Founder and Chief Strategy Officer of Rivos Inc.
-&ldquo;The collaborative relationships within the OpenTitan partnership enabled us to share our SoC and security experience.
-The result is a robust architecture and codebase for integrating OpenTitan into chiplets.&rdquo;</p><p>&ldquo;Reaching this landmark milestone is yet another proof point of OpenTitan&rsquo;s significance, not just as an open RoT, but a complete open-source silicon design ecosystem rapidly adaptable to many use cases,&rdquo; said Dominic Rizzo, founder and CEO of zeroRISC and OpenTitan Project Director.
-&ldquo;zeroRISC is proud to be a lead partner investing in this effort&rsquo;s long term success. As we are already helping with commercial integrations, this design further accelerates zeroRISC&rsquo;s mission of delivering a set of secure cloud-based services for device security and management built on a trustworthy, transparent, secure silicon platform.&rdquo;</p><p>This announcement comes on the heels of a series of significant milestones for the OpenTitan project this year.
-While developing the architecture and specifications for the integrated secure execution environment, the project also accomplished the <a href=https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>first discrete silicon tapeout</a> in June 2023, a critical precursor to commercial silicon availability in 2024.
-The implementation of the integrated design being made <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/integrated_dev>available</a> today enables OpenTitan partners to move towards embedding OpenTitan® in their SoC and chiplet designs.
-This ability to execute on multiple threads simultaneously is a concrete demonstration of the value of the Silicon Commons™ approach, which requires thorough design verification collateral, documentation and continuous testing.
-Originally built by OpenTitan contributors to support distributed open silicon collaboration, the Silicon Commons has evolved into a comprehensive open-source silicon development methodology to enable many disparate organizations to concurrently work together on shared goals.</p><p>&ldquo;OpenTitan stands tall as the pioneer and leader in open-source silicon.
-Its remarkable maturity in design, verification and documentation, accumulated over years of dedicated effort, sets it apart from emerging projects,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC.
-&ldquo;OpenTitan has continuously evolved, guided by a well-developed roadmap and fueled by a vibrant and engaged community of contributors.&rdquo;</p><p>The integrated design is just one of the latest milestones for OpenTitan, and its journey from inception to its current state of growth and security proves its exceptional capabilities and potential to shape the future of secure silicon.
-As more businesses embrace the project, the open and collaborative spirit of OpenTitan will continue to foster innovation and drive advancements in secure hardware design.
-The success of OpenTitan serves as an inspiration to the tech community, demonstrating the power of open source to fuel rapid innovation, particularly in traditionally slow-moving domains like silicon.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open-source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full-stack engineering capabilities in-house enables the hosting and management of high-quality projects like OpenTitan via the Silicon Commons approach.</p><h3 id=about-zerorisc:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e>About zeroRISC</h3><p>Leveraging the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and reliability for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices. The zeroRISC platform is an all-in-one, drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system. Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=media-contact:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e>Media Contact</h3><p><a href=mailto:lowRISC@w2comm.com>lowRISC@w2comm.com</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
-&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>&middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 id=lowrisc-code-of-conduct:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>lowRISC code of Conduct</h1><p>The lowRISC community has always worked to be a welcoming and respectful community, and we want to ensure that doesn’t change as we grow and evolve. To that end, we have a few ground rules that we ask people to adhere to:</p><ul><li>be friendly and patient,</li><li>be welcoming,</li><li>be considerate,</li><li>be respectful,</li><li>be careful in the words that you choose and be kind to others, and</li><li>when we disagree, try to understand why.</li></ul><p>This isn’t an exhaustive list of things that you can’t do. Rather, take it in the spirit in which it’s intended - a guide to make it easier to communicate and participate in the community.</p><p>This code of conduct applies to all spaces managed by lowRISC or lowRISC CIC. This includes Zulip, IRC and other chat channels, mailing lists, bug trackers, events such as workshops or socials, and any other forums created by lowRISC that the community uses for communication. It applies to all of your communication and conduct in these spaces, including emails, chats, things you say, slides, videos, posters, signs, avatars, emojis, or even t-shirts you display in these spaces. In addition, violations of this code outside these spaces may, in rare cases, affect a person’s ability to participate within them, when the conduct amounts to an egregious violation of this code.</p><p>If you believe someone is violating the code of conduct, we ask that you report it by emailing conduct@lowrisc.org. For more details please see our Reporting Guide below.</p><ul><li><strong>Be friendly and patient.</strong></li><li><strong>Be welcoming.</strong>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 id=lowrisc-code-of-conduct:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>lowRISC code of Conduct</h1><p>The lowRISC community has always worked to be a welcoming and respectful community, and we want to ensure that doesn’t change as we grow and evolve. To that end, we have a few ground rules that we ask people to adhere to:</p><ul><li>be friendly and patient,</li><li>be welcoming,</li><li>be considerate,</li><li>be respectful,</li><li>be careful in the words that you choose and be kind to others, and</li><li>when we disagree, try to understand why.</li></ul><p>This isn’t an exhaustive list of things that you can’t do. Rather, take it in the spirit in which it’s intended - a guide to make it easier to communicate and participate in the community.</p><p>This code of conduct applies to all spaces managed by lowRISC or lowRISC CIC. This includes Zulip, IRC and other chat channels, mailing lists, bug trackers, events such as workshops or socials, and any other forums created by lowRISC that the community uses for communication. It applies to all of your communication and conduct in these spaces, including emails, chats, things you say, slides, videos, posters, signs, avatars, emojis, or even t-shirts you display in these spaces. In addition, violations of this code outside these spaces may, in rare cases, affect a person’s ability to participate within them, when the conduct amounts to an egregious violation of this code.</p><p>If you believe someone is violating the code of conduct, we ask that you report it by emailing conduct@lowrisc.org. For more details please see our Reporting Guide below.</p><ul><li><strong>Be friendly and patient.</strong></li><li><strong>Be welcoming.</strong>
 We strive to be a community that welcomes and supports people of all backgrounds and identities. This includes, but is not limited to members of any race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, colour, immigration status, social and economic class, educational level, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, size, family status, political belief, religion or lack thereof, and mental and physical ability.</li><li><strong>Be considerate.</strong> Your work will be used by other people, and you in turn will depend on the work of others. Any decision you take will affect users and colleagues, and you should take those consequences into account. Remember that we’re a world-wide community, so you might not be communicating in someone else’s primary language. Many of our community members are here as part of their work, and content (words, images, videos) you share should be appropriate for professional workplaces.</li><li><strong>Be respectful.</strong> Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behaviour and poor manners. We might all experience some frustration now and then, but we cannot allow that frustration to turn into a personal attack. It’s important to remember that a community where people feel uncomfortable or threatened is not a productive one. Members of the lowRISC community should be respectful when dealing with other members as well as with people outside the lowRISC community.</li><li><strong>Be careful in the words and images that you choose and be kind to others.</strong> Do not insult or put down other participants. Harassment and other exclusionary behaviour aren’t acceptable. In general, if someone asks you to stop, then stop. Persisting in such behaviour after being asked to stop is considered harassment.
 This includes, but is not limited to:<ul><li>Violent threats or language directed against another person.</li><li>Discriminatory jokes and language.</li><li>Posting sexually explicit or violent material.</li><li>Posting (or threatening to post) other people’s personally identifying information (“doxing”).</li><li>Personal insults, especially those using racist or sexist terms.</li><li>Unwelcome sexual attention.</li><li>Advocating for, or encouraging, any of the above behaviour.</li></ul></li><li><strong>When we disagree, try to understand why.</strong> Disagreements, both social and technical, happen all the time and lowRISC is no exception. It is important that we resolve disagreements and differing views constructively. Remember that we’re different. The strength of lowRISC comes from its varied community, people from a wide range of backgrounds. Different people have different perspectives on issues. Being unable to understand why someone holds a viewpoint doesn’t mean that they’re wrong. Don’t forget that it is human to err and blaming each other doesn’t get us anywhere. Instead, focus on helping to resolve issues and learning from mistakes.</li></ul><h3 id=questions:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Questions?</h3><p>If you have questions, please feel free to contact the lowRISC Code of Conduct team by emailing conduct@lowRISC.org.</p><h1 id=reporting-guide:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Reporting Guide</h1><p>If you believe someone is violating the code of conduct you can always report it to the lowRISC Code of Conduct team by emailing conduct@lowRISC.org. All reports will be kept confidential. This isn’t a public list and only members of the team will receive the report.</p><p>If you believe anyone is in physical danger, please notify appropriate law enforcement first. If you are unsure what law enforcement agency is appropriate, please include this in your report and we will attempt to notify them.</p><p>If the violation occurs at an event such as a conference or workshop and requires immediate attention, you can also reach out to any of the event organisers or staff. Event organisers and staff will be prepared to handle the incident and able to help. If you cannot find one of the organisers, the venue staff can locate one for you. We will also post detailed contact information for specific events as part of each events’ information. In person reports will still be kept confidential exactly as above, but also feel free to (anonymously if needed) email conduct@lowRISC.org.</p><h3 id=filing-a-report:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Filing a report</h3><p>Reports can be as formal or informal as needed for the situation at hand. If possible, please include as much information as you can. If you feel comfortable, please consider including:</p><ul><li>Your contact info (so we can get in touch with you if we need to follow up).</li><li>Names (real, nicknames, or pseudonyms) of any individuals involved. If there were other witnesses besides you, please try to include them as well.</li><li>When and where the incident occurred. Please be as specific as possible.</li><li>Your account of what occurred. If there is a publicly available record (e.g. a mailing list archive or a public IRC logger) please include a link.</li><li>Any extra context you believe existed for the incident.</li><li>If you believe this incident is ongoing.</li><li>Any other information you believe we should have.</li></ul><h3 id=what-happens-after-you-file-a-report:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>What happens after you file a report?</h3><p>You will receive an email from the Code of Conduct team acknowledging receipt within 24 hours (and we will aim to respond much quicker than that).</p><p>The Code of Conduct team will immediately meet to review the incident and try to determine:</p><ul><li>What happened and who was involved.</li><li>Whether this event constitutes a code of conduct violation.</li><li>Whether this is an ongoing situation, or if there is a threat to anyone’s physical safety.</li></ul><p>If this is determined to be an ongoing incident or a threat to physical safety, the working groups’ immediate priority will be to protect everyone involved. This means we may delay an “official” response until we believe that the situation has ended and that everyone is physically safe.</p><p>The Code of Conduct team will try to contact other parties involved or witnessing the event to gain clarity on what happened and understand different perspectives.</p><p>Once the Code of Conduct team has a complete account of the events they will make a decision as to how to respond. Responses may include:</p><ul><li>Nothing, if we determine no violation occurred or it has already been appropriately resolved.</li><li>Providing either moderation or mediation to ongoing interactions (where appropriate, safe, and desired by both parties).</li><li>A private reprimand from the working group to the individuals involved.</li><li>An imposed vacation (i.e. asking someone to “take a week off” from a mailing list or IRC).</li><li>A public reprimand.</li><li>A permanent or temporary ban from some or all lowRISC spaces (mailing lists, chat, events, etc.)</li><li>Involvement of relevant law enforcement if appropriate.</li></ul><p>If the situation is not resolved within one week, we’ll respond within one week to the original reporter with an update and explanation.</p><p>Once we’ve determined our response, we will separately contact the original reporter and other individuals to let them know what actions (if any) we’ll be taking. We will take into account feedback from the individuals involved on the appropriateness of our response, but we don’t guarantee we’ll act on it.</p><p>After any incident, the Code of Conduct team will make a report on the situation to the lowRISC board. The board may choose to make a public statement about the incident. If that’s the case, the identities of anyone involved will remain confidential unless instructed by those individuals otherwise.</p><h3 id=appealing:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Appealing</h3><p>Only permanent resolutions (such as bans) or requests for public actions may be appealed. To appeal a decision of the working group, contact the lowRISC board at board@lowRISC.org with your appeal and the board will review the case.</p><p>In general, it is not appropriate to appeal a particular decision on a public mailing list. Doing so would involve disclosure of information which would be confidential. Disclosing this kind of information publicly may be considered a separate and (potentially) more serious violation of the Code of Conduct. This is not meant to limit discussion of the Code of Conduct, the Code of Conduct team itself, or the appropriateness of responses in general, but please refrain from mentioning specific facts about cases without the explicit permission of all parties involved.</p><h2 id=members-of-the-code-of-conduct-team:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Members of the Code of Conduct team</h2><p>The members serving on the advisory committee are listed here in case you are more comfortable talking directly to a specific member of the committee.</p><ul><li>Gavin Ferris</li><li>Michael Munday</li></ul><h1 id=attributions:e2f1cb6584703accaafcebd6011f16ad>Attributions</h1><p>This text is based on the <a href=https://llvm.org/docs/CodeOfConduct.html>LLVM Code of Conduct</a>, which is based on the <a href=https://www.djangoproject.com/conduct/>Django Project Code of Conduct</a>, which is in turn based on wording from the <a href=http://speakup.io/coc.html>Speak Up! project</a>.</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC community &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>lowRISC Community</h1><section><div class=col-md-5><a href=https://github.com/lowrisc><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="GitHub Octocat" title="GitHub Octocat" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></a></div><div class=col-md-7><h3 class=featurette-heading>Source code and documentation</h3><div class=lead><p>You can find source code for lowRISC projects on <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc>our GitHub organisation page</a>. We're also active on the upstreams of a range of other projects such as LLVM and the Ariane RISC-V core design.</p><p><a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>Ibex documentation</a></p><p><a href=/docs>lowRISC SoC documentation</a></p></div></div></section><section><div class=col><h3 class=featurette-heading>The lowRISC community</h3><p class=font-weight-bold>The lowRISC community has always worked to be a welcoming and respectful community, and we want to ensure that doesn’t change as we grow and evolve. To that end, we have a few ground rules that we ask people to adhere to:<ul><li>be friendly and patient,</li><li>be welcoming,</li><li>be considerate,</li><li>be respectful,</li><li>be careful in the words that you choose and be kind to others, and</li><li>when we disagree, try to understand why.</ul></p><p>This isn’t an exhaustive list of things that you can’t do. Rather, take it in the spirit in which it’s intended - a guide to make it easier to communicate and participate in the community.</p><p>Read the full <a href=/code-of-conduct>code of conduct and find out how to contact us about it</a>.</p></div></section><section style=padding-top:20px><div class=col-md-7><h3 class=featurette-heading>Keep up to date with lowRISC</h3><div><ul><li>Check our <a href=/blog>blog</a>, and subscribe to <a href=/index.xml>the RSS feed</a>.</li><li>Follow <a href=https://twitter.com/lowRISC>@lowRISC on Twitter</a></li><li>Sign up to our announcement mailing list<form class=form-inline action=http://subscribe.lowrisc.org/subscribe method=post><div class=form-group><label for=email class=sr-only>Your email address:</label>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>lowRISC Community</h1><section><div class=col-md-5><a href=https://github.com/lowrisc><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Octocat_hu3d9552beaa5fecf0b75d04ce4d060094_40121_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="GitHub Octocat" title="GitHub Octocat" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></a></div><div class=col-md-7><h3 class=featurette-heading>Source code and documentation</h3><div class=lead><p>You can find source code for lowRISC projects on <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc>our GitHub organisation page</a>. We're also active on the upstreams of a range of other projects such as LLVM and the Ariane RISC-V core design.</p><p><a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>Ibex documentation</a></p><p><a href=/docs>lowRISC SoC documentation</a></p></div></div></section><section><div class=col><h3 class=featurette-heading>The lowRISC community</h3><p class=font-weight-bold>The lowRISC community has always worked to be a welcoming and respectful community, and we want to ensure that doesn’t change as we grow and evolve. To that end, we have a few ground rules that we ask people to adhere to:<ul><li>be friendly and patient,</li><li>be welcoming,</li><li>be considerate,</li><li>be respectful,</li><li>be careful in the words that you choose and be kind to others, and</li><li>when we disagree, try to understand why.</ul></p><p>This isn’t an exhaustive list of things that you can’t do. Rather, take it in the spirit in which it’s intended - a guide to make it easier to communicate and participate in the community.</p><p>Read the full <a href=/code-of-conduct>code of conduct and find out how to contact us about it</a>.</p></div></section><section style=padding-top:20px><div class=col-md-7><h3 class=featurette-heading>Keep up to date with lowRISC</h3><div><ul><li>Check our latest <a href=/news>news</a>, and subscribe to <a href=/index.xml>the RSS feed</a>.</li><li>Follow <a href=https://twitter.com/lowRISC>@lowRISC on Twitter</a></li><li>Sign up to our announcement mailing list<form class=form-inline action=http://subscribe.lowrisc.org/subscribe method=post><div class=form-group><label for=email class=sr-only>Your email address:</label>
 <input id=email class=form-control name=email type=email placeholder=me@example.com required></div><button class="btn btn-primary mx-sm-3" type=submit class=subscribe-button>subscribe</button></form></ul></div><br><h3 class=featurette-heading>Get in touch</h3><h3>Zulip chat</h3><p>We have an open group chat on <a href=https://zulipchat.com/>Zulip</a> (an open source group chat system), which <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/register/>community members are welcome to join</a>.</p><h3>Mailing lists</h3><p>These days chat is the best place to connect with our community!
 There’s relevant discussion on the <a href=http://riscv.org/mailing-lists>RISC-V mailing lists</a>.</p></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Ice_Zero_white_hu2a6702caa21204f1afed4f30f83672a5_63337_299x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Ice_Zero_white_hu2a6702caa21204f1afed4f30f83672a5_63337_598x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/Ice_Zero_white_hu2a6702caa21204f1afed4f30f83672a5_63337_299x0_resize_box_2.png alt="board image" title="board image" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><hr class=featurette-divider><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>Getting Started</h2><div class=lead><p>We really appreciate contributions of code or ideas to our software and hardware development efforts. Take a look at our mailing lists and source repos. If you’re looking for ideas on where to start, perhaps introduce yourself on a relevant mailing list or group chat detailing your interests.</p><h2 class=featurette-heading>For potential partners</h2><p>If you have a project you would like to discuss with us, or would like to support our work, find out more about what we do and get in touch with <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a>.</p></p></div></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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diff --git a/docs/boot-customised-nfs/index.html b/docs/boot-customised-nfs/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Booting a customised NFS system &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Booting a customised NFS system</h1><p>It is possible to boot LowRISC in the absence of an SD-Card. This is useful if a large
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Booting a customised NFS system</h1><p>It is possible to boot LowRISC in the absence of an SD-Card. This is useful if a large
 number of files are shared with a Host PC. However there are many variables to be considered
 which would be inconvenient to hardwire into the binary builds.</p><p>We will use the boot selection switches to choose a customised boot option. Prepare a file
 as follows:</p><pre><code>    mount -t proc none /proc
diff --git a/docs/boot-remote/index.html b/docs/boot-remote/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Boot remote instructions &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Boot remote instructions</h1><h3 id=boot-linux-remotely-on-fpga:23f0895ddb47c2e4839c6291d3be9ee2>Boot Linux remotely on FPGA</h3><p>You should have examples of remote booting in the Makefile known as etherlocal and etherremote.</p><p>Modify or duplicate these examples to reflect your local network topology, then</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Boot remote instructions</h1><h3 id=boot-linux-remotely-on-fpga:23f0895ddb47c2e4839c6291d3be9ee2>Boot Linux remotely on FPGA</h3><p>You should have examples of remote booting in the Makefile known as etherlocal and etherremote.</p><p>Modify or duplicate these examples to reflect your local network topology, then</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
 </code></pre><p>The remote downloader should be built (first time only)</p><pre><code>make -C ../../common/script
 </code></pre><p>This section assumes you followed the DHCP instructions earlier, in which case should have a message such as:</p><pre><code>Hello LowRISC! Mon Aug 13 08:56:12 2018: Booting from Ethernet because SW2 is high ..
 MAC = eee1:e2e3e4e5
diff --git a/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/index.html b/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/index.html
index 1e3a97f2..475f1083 100644
--- a/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/index.html
+++ b/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Baremetal toolchain &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Baremetal toolchain</h1><h3 id=why-is-is-this-step-needed:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>Why is is this step needed ?</h3><ul><li>Because you haven&rsquo;t used the quickstart procedure to install pre-built executables.</li><li>Because you want to build everything from source or for a different O/S version.</li><li>Because you don&rsquo;t trust binaries.</li></ul><h3 id=what-is-it-used-for:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>What is it used for ?</h3><ul><li>The bare-metal boot loader and test programs require a newlib based flow.</li><li>The Linux kernel and BBL requires a bare-metal flow.</li><li>You might want to build custom software from source on the workstation.</li></ul><h2 id=build-the-bare-metal-riscv-toolchain-slow-but-see-quickstart-procedure-to-see-if-build-is-necessary:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>Build the bare-metal RISCV toolchain (slow, but see quickstart procedure to see if build is necessary)</h2><pre><code>cd $TOP/rocket-chip/riscv-tools/
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Baremetal toolchain</h1><h3 id=why-is-is-this-step-needed:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>Why is is this step needed ?</h3><ul><li>Because you haven&rsquo;t used the quickstart procedure to install pre-built executables.</li><li>Because you want to build everything from source or for a different O/S version.</li><li>Because you don&rsquo;t trust binaries.</li></ul><h3 id=what-is-it-used-for:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>What is it used for ?</h3><ul><li>The bare-metal boot loader and test programs require a newlib based flow.</li><li>The Linux kernel and BBL requires a bare-metal flow.</li><li>You might want to build custom software from source on the workstation.</li></ul><h2 id=build-the-bare-metal-riscv-toolchain-slow-but-see-quickstart-procedure-to-see-if-build-is-necessary:b7edb00fd7852e9dc640d3e57791f84f>Build the bare-metal RISCV toolchain (slow, but see quickstart procedure to see if build is necessary)</h2><pre><code>cd $TOP/rocket-chip/riscv-tools/
 bash ./build.sh
 cd $TOP/rocket-chip/riscv-tools/riscv-gnu-toolchain/build
 ../configure --prefix=$RISCV
diff --git a/docs/build-berkeley-boot-loader/index.html b/docs/build-berkeley-boot-loader/index.html
index cf4c1094..f49a9c44 100644
--- a/docs/build-berkeley-boot-loader/index.html
+++ b/docs/build-berkeley-boot-loader/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Build Berkeley boot loader &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Build Berkeley boot loader</h1><h2 id=what-is-this-for:80373b7203f5c4580fff87a1496e8618>What is this for ?</h2><p>The RISCV specification defines (optionally) three main modes of operation: user, supervisor, and machine mode. Some documents also refer to a hypervisor mode, which may or may not be necessary. Some of the differences are:</p><ul><li>User mode: the mode which runs the users programs and the lowest privilege level.<ol><li>No direct access to I/O or privileged instructions or kernel memory or other processes.</li><li>Memory management unit always on under Linux.</li></ol></li><li>Supervisor mode: the mode that the majority of the Linux kernel or other O/S runs.<ol><li>Access to most privileged instructions and I/O via ioremap function.</li><li>Memory management unit may be on or off.</li></ol></li><li>Machine mode: Bare-metal / First-stage boot loader and BBL runs in this mode.<ol><li>Memory management off.</li><li>No memory protection.</li></ol></li><li>Hypervisor mode: Might be supported in future, would be used to support virtualisation such as Xen hypervisor.</li></ul><p>A simple summary of BBL is that it is the executable of last-resort when neither user-mode nor Linux cannot handle an operation. Currently it handles:</p><ol><li>Any illegal instructions that the RISCV processor is not equipped to handle directly in hardware.</li><li>Initiation and responding to timer interrupts.</li><li>Handling unaligned memory accesses (deprecated because it slows things a great deal).</li><li>Chain loading and initial console access when Linux is booting, to simplify the first-stage boot loader.<br></li></ol><p>Now configure and build Berkeley Boot loader</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/rocket-chip/riscv-tools/riscv-pk/
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Build Berkeley boot loader</h1><h2 id=what-is-this-for:80373b7203f5c4580fff87a1496e8618>What is this for ?</h2><p>The RISCV specification defines (optionally) three main modes of operation: user, supervisor, and machine mode. Some documents also refer to a hypervisor mode, which may or may not be necessary. Some of the differences are:</p><ul><li>User mode: the mode which runs the users programs and the lowest privilege level.<ol><li>No direct access to I/O or privileged instructions or kernel memory or other processes.</li><li>Memory management unit always on under Linux.</li></ol></li><li>Supervisor mode: the mode that the majority of the Linux kernel or other O/S runs.<ol><li>Access to most privileged instructions and I/O via ioremap function.</li><li>Memory management unit may be on or off.</li></ol></li><li>Machine mode: Bare-metal / First-stage boot loader and BBL runs in this mode.<ol><li>Memory management off.</li><li>No memory protection.</li></ol></li><li>Hypervisor mode: Might be supported in future, would be used to support virtualisation such as Xen hypervisor.</li></ul><p>A simple summary of BBL is that it is the executable of last-resort when neither user-mode nor Linux cannot handle an operation. Currently it handles:</p><ol><li>Any illegal instructions that the RISCV processor is not equipped to handle directly in hardware.</li><li>Initiation and responding to timer interrupts.</li><li>Handling unaligned memory accesses (deprecated because it slows things a great deal).</li><li>Chain loading and initial console access when Linux is booting, to simplify the first-stage boot loader.<br></li></ol><p>Now configure and build Berkeley Boot loader</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/rocket-chip/riscv-tools/riscv-pk/
 mkdir -p build
 cd build
 ../configure --prefix=$RISCV --host=riscv64-unknown-elf --with-payload=$TOP/riscv-linux/vmlinux --enable-logo
diff --git a/docs/configuring-build-root/index.html b/docs/configuring-build-root/index.html
index af9d6117..050a3e89 100644
--- a/docs/configuring-build-root/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>&middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><p>cd $TOP
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><p>cd $TOP
 git clone -b refresh-v0.6 <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/buildroot.git>https://github.com/lowRISC/buildroot.git</a>
 cd buildroot
 cp configs/lowrisc_defconfig .config
diff --git a/docs/current-release-faq/index.html b/docs/current-release-faq/index.html
index 63993975..90b8a451 100644
--- a/docs/current-release-faq/index.html
+++ b/docs/current-release-faq/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Frequently asked questions &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Frequently asked questions</h1><h3 id=why-are-you-releasing-a-separate-binary-installation-guide:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why are you releasing a separate binary installation guide ?</h3><p>The source code installation and build environment is 20GBytes for this release. The Vivado installation is 28GBytes. The quickstart binary distribution is 5GBytes, and hence is more suitable for older computers and/or users with limited internet bandwidth. Also there are a lot of technologies to understand to succeed with new development from source. We think users will want to see what can be achieved before going to the trouble of learning about everything.</p><h3 id=why-are-you-releasing-a-version-of-rocket-that-does-not-have-the-security-enhancements-available-in-the-previous-releases:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why are you releasing a version of Rocket that does not have the security enhancements available in the previous releases ?</h3><p>The version of Rocket used as the basis of the previous releases was too old to backport any improvements, in particular it lacked the compressed instruction set (C extension), deemed essential by Debian, Fedora and OpenSuse O/S developers. Also it lacked run/step debug support, making software development tedious and error prone. Internally it only supported TileLink-1.</p><h3 id=is-it-easy-to-upgrade-the-rocket-version-in-this-new-release:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Is it easy to upgrade the Rocket version in this new release ?</h3><p>In principle yes. Rocket does not have a stable release schedule so some intelligent browsing of the commit logs is necessary to find a good point to branch off. Learning the lesson from previous experience, a minimum of changes have been made to the Chisel code, and only in areas which are not changing rapidly.</p><h3 id=why-is-it-necessary-to-change-rocket-at-all:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why is it necessary to change Rocket at all ?</h3><p>The out-of-box configuration hangs on boot waiting for the debugger to connect. This is convenient for a tethered release (i.e. one that requires GDB or a separate ARM or other processor) to initialise the state of memory. In LowRISC there is no such other processor so it is more convenient to boot from specially written boot loader code. This necessitates a change of reset vector address to the start of boot ROM. It is also convenient to allow the TestHarness to set the reset address to a custom value to facilitate ISA testing.</p><p>In addition the other important change is customising the JTAG instruction register length and data capture registers to meet Xilinx FPGA restrictions (see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/jtag/>JTAG internals</a> for more details).</p><p>The memory map of the default Rocket consists of a large area of RAM (in our case double data rate dynamic memory) plus an area of peripheral memory. To avoid making a lot of changes it was not though worthwhile separating out different peripherals into their own address space in Chisel, as per previous releases of LowRISC. In machine mode, this will result in a reduction of memory protection, but under Linux each peripheral space will be individually mapped in MMU space. A side effect of this approach is that it will not be possible to rely on the device tree blob built into ROM as part of the Rocket synthesis.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-device-tree-blob-and-where-is-it:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the device tree blob and where is it ?</h3><p>The device tree blob is a format for storing addresses of memory and peripherals for use in Linux and other O/S. It allows a generic kernel to be compiled and then configured for different systems later on at runtime. It is generated from device tree source using device tree compiler. In LowRISC it is associated with the Berkeley boot loader, because it would be inconvenient to keep changing the first stage boot loader when anything changes.</p><h3 id=what-s-with-the-weird-console-support:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What&rsquo;s with the weird console support ?</h3><p>The first stage boot loader (FSBL) included with LowRISC does not provide a convenient way of choosing the console device (after all the interaction at this stage is limited to a few switches). Therefore the decision was taken to assume a visual console (also known as VT mode). This provides a facility similar to a PC with a 128 x 31 VGA text display with a variety of highlight colours, and a keyboard that generates PC-compatible up and down events that are needed by the operating system in certain modes. However we also need to allow for the common case when the board is purely controlled from a serial port. This support requires translating, as well as possible, serial ASCII input to keyboard up/down event numbers, as well as interpreting the characters sent to the VGA screen to the nearest equivalent ASCII output to the serial port. No attempt is made to translate cursor movement on the VGA screen to ANSI escape sequences. Therefore some strange effects can occur if editing in vim or similar programs is attempted on the serial console. Fortunately this capability is rarely needed because ssh support via Ethernet gives all the capabilities that could be wanted in the way of remote access.</p><h3 id=what-about-support-for-other-boards-and-riscv-processors:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about support for other boards and RISCV processors ?</h3><p>The KC705 support has not been maintained since the v0.3 release. However it is interesting because it allows for more expansion space, the possibility of dual core symmetric processing, and out-of-order cores such as BOOM (Berkeley out of order machine). Support for this board has not been merged with the refresh-v0.6, however development is ongoing on the kc705_mii branch.</p><p>The ArtyA7-A100 is a recently released and reduced cost board from Digilent that has the same FPGA and twice the memory of the Nexys4DDR. It uses DDR3 instead of DDR2. However it requires a separate PMOD (potentially with reduced signal integrity), in order to support SD-Cards. The Ethernet PHY is a different type and development is taking place on the artya7_mii branch.</p><h3 id=what-happened-to-the-l2-cache:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What happened to the L2-cache ?</h3><p>The L2-cache was retired with TileLink-1 when it was updated to TileLink-2. This was due to bugs in the multiprocessing support. No replacement L2-cache has been released by Berkeley Architecture Research since then.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-coremark-performance-of-lowrisc:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the Coremark performance of LowRISC ?</h3><p>LowRISC achieves 2.18 Coremarks/MHz, compared to 6.43 Coremarks/MHz for a core-i7-6700, and 2.32 for a Raspberry PI model B. Of course LowRISC at the moment is just an emulation, so the 50MHz clock rate is a bottleneck. Nevertheless useful work can be done, particularly in embedded and Internet-of-things type applications.</p><h3 id=why-is-the-sd-card-reader-so-slow:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why is the SD-Card reader so slow ?</h3><p>SD-Card architectures have gone through tremendous improvements recently to make them more suitable for digital cameras and other typical architectures. Some of these improvements are carried through to the FPGA board, and others not. Signal integrity reasons prevent the card operating at its best possible speed in these circumstances, also the on-board flash controller is optimised towards large FAT filing systems rather than the EXT4 system favoured by Linux. A further reason which needs reworking in due course is that the Rocket is interrupted at the end of every SD command and every data transfer (no offloading is done). Continuous read mode is not supported, which would reduce overheads considerably if implemented.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-ethernet-throughput:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the Ethernet throughput ?</h3><p>The Nexys4DDR has a 10/100BaseT PHY. Support for 10BaseT was not included as it is considered obsolete. The 100BaseT performance will depend on the network but with the iperf3 program sustained performance is limited to about 2MBytes/sec. For software downloading and extracting the performance is around 130KBytes/sec. No offloading or Jumbo packet support is included, but the latter would present few difficulties.</p><h3 id=what-version-of-linux-kernel-is-available:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What version of Linux kernel is available ?</h3><p>The majority of the RISCV support was upstreamed as of the 4.18 release. Generic RISCV patches off this release amount to 39K bytes, LowRISC specific patches (primarily device drivers) amount to 87K bytes. It is anticipated the generic patches will reduce to almost nothing by the time of the 4.19 release. There are no plans to upstream the LowRISC device drivers, because there is not corresponding version of silicon to be supported. If it was decided to support these drivers long-term, it would unnecessarily hamper the process of introducing improvements such as DMA access and other goodies.</p><h3 id=why-was-the-debian-distribution-chosen-isn-t-it-rather-unstable:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why was the Debian distribution chosen? Isn&rsquo;t it rather unstable ?</h3><p>The Debian unstable distribution places a burden on maintainers to ensure that stable versions will not be impacted by changes required to support new architectures. Therefore it takes a while for support to move from unstable to a stable distribution. In addition some late changes to RISCV ABI have been made without fully appreciating the impact on O/S developers. Furthermore the list of control and status registers (CSRs) has been changing and some have been renamed or renumbered. LowRISC currently relies on several unstable packages that are not released. The Fedora picture is a little more rosy, but the use of DNF as a default package manager with its reliance on Python and friends, has too high an overhead for this hardware.</p><h3 id=what-about-other-linux-distributions:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about other Linux distributions ?</h3><p>The Debian distribution was chosen as it has the least burden on the processor. This is because its package manager is written in C++ and is streamlined. By contrast RPM based distributions such as Fedora and OpenSuse place a great deal of reliance on Python coding which is convenient but slow (especially when running a Python interpreter on an FPGA emulator).</p><h3 id=what-about-other-operating-systems:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about other operating systems ?</h3><p>FreeBSD was ported to the RISCV architecture by Ruslan Bukin and supports Spike and QEMU out of the box. The port to Rocket is a little more involved because the current version of FreeBSD assumes hardware support for Access and Dirty bits in the MMU. Rocket only supports trapping this situation and resolving in software. This problem is currently being investigated and this site will be updated as and when FreeBSD is supported.</p><h3 id=what-about-u-boot-is-that-supported:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about u-boot, is that supported ?</h3><p>The u-boot system has a number of powerful facilities, for example being able to store boot parameters in non-volatile memory, and enabling booting via TFTP or NFS. It can also read kernels from FAT partitions and carry out various self-tests. Unfortunately it is also rather large, and it was felt that an embedded environment should not have a large ROM on board. However, there is nothing to stop u-boot from being attached as an option instead of BBL, when launched from the first stage boot loader. In fact the MMC/SD-Card support routines in the latest release are based on a cut-down version of u-boot FSBL. The out-of-the-box FSBL support in u-boot needs modifying in order to eventually replace our own boot loader entirely.</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Frequently asked questions</h1><h3 id=why-are-you-releasing-a-separate-binary-installation-guide:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why are you releasing a separate binary installation guide ?</h3><p>The source code installation and build environment is 20GBytes for this release. The Vivado installation is 28GBytes. The quickstart binary distribution is 5GBytes, and hence is more suitable for older computers and/or users with limited internet bandwidth. Also there are a lot of technologies to understand to succeed with new development from source. We think users will want to see what can be achieved before going to the trouble of learning about everything.</p><h3 id=why-are-you-releasing-a-version-of-rocket-that-does-not-have-the-security-enhancements-available-in-the-previous-releases:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why are you releasing a version of Rocket that does not have the security enhancements available in the previous releases ?</h3><p>The version of Rocket used as the basis of the previous releases was too old to backport any improvements, in particular it lacked the compressed instruction set (C extension), deemed essential by Debian, Fedora and OpenSuse O/S developers. Also it lacked run/step debug support, making software development tedious and error prone. Internally it only supported TileLink-1.</p><h3 id=is-it-easy-to-upgrade-the-rocket-version-in-this-new-release:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Is it easy to upgrade the Rocket version in this new release ?</h3><p>In principle yes. Rocket does not have a stable release schedule so some intelligent browsing of the commit logs is necessary to find a good point to branch off. Learning the lesson from previous experience, a minimum of changes have been made to the Chisel code, and only in areas which are not changing rapidly.</p><h3 id=why-is-it-necessary-to-change-rocket-at-all:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why is it necessary to change Rocket at all ?</h3><p>The out-of-box configuration hangs on boot waiting for the debugger to connect. This is convenient for a tethered release (i.e. one that requires GDB or a separate ARM or other processor) to initialise the state of memory. In LowRISC there is no such other processor so it is more convenient to boot from specially written boot loader code. This necessitates a change of reset vector address to the start of boot ROM. It is also convenient to allow the TestHarness to set the reset address to a custom value to facilitate ISA testing.</p><p>In addition the other important change is customising the JTAG instruction register length and data capture registers to meet Xilinx FPGA restrictions (see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/jtag/>JTAG internals</a> for more details).</p><p>The memory map of the default Rocket consists of a large area of RAM (in our case double data rate dynamic memory) plus an area of peripheral memory. To avoid making a lot of changes it was not though worthwhile separating out different peripherals into their own address space in Chisel, as per previous releases of LowRISC. In machine mode, this will result in a reduction of memory protection, but under Linux each peripheral space will be individually mapped in MMU space. A side effect of this approach is that it will not be possible to rely on the device tree blob built into ROM as part of the Rocket synthesis.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-device-tree-blob-and-where-is-it:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the device tree blob and where is it ?</h3><p>The device tree blob is a format for storing addresses of memory and peripherals for use in Linux and other O/S. It allows a generic kernel to be compiled and then configured for different systems later on at runtime. It is generated from device tree source using device tree compiler. In LowRISC it is associated with the Berkeley boot loader, because it would be inconvenient to keep changing the first stage boot loader when anything changes.</p><h3 id=what-s-with-the-weird-console-support:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What&rsquo;s with the weird console support ?</h3><p>The first stage boot loader (FSBL) included with LowRISC does not provide a convenient way of choosing the console device (after all the interaction at this stage is limited to a few switches). Therefore the decision was taken to assume a visual console (also known as VT mode). This provides a facility similar to a PC with a 128 x 31 VGA text display with a variety of highlight colours, and a keyboard that generates PC-compatible up and down events that are needed by the operating system in certain modes. However we also need to allow for the common case when the board is purely controlled from a serial port. This support requires translating, as well as possible, serial ASCII input to keyboard up/down event numbers, as well as interpreting the characters sent to the VGA screen to the nearest equivalent ASCII output to the serial port. No attempt is made to translate cursor movement on the VGA screen to ANSI escape sequences. Therefore some strange effects can occur if editing in vim or similar programs is attempted on the serial console. Fortunately this capability is rarely needed because ssh support via Ethernet gives all the capabilities that could be wanted in the way of remote access.</p><h3 id=what-about-support-for-other-boards-and-riscv-processors:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about support for other boards and RISCV processors ?</h3><p>The KC705 support has not been maintained since the v0.3 release. However it is interesting because it allows for more expansion space, the possibility of dual core symmetric processing, and out-of-order cores such as BOOM (Berkeley out of order machine). Support for this board has not been merged with the refresh-v0.6, however development is ongoing on the kc705_mii branch.</p><p>The ArtyA7-A100 is a recently released and reduced cost board from Digilent that has the same FPGA and twice the memory of the Nexys4DDR. It uses DDR3 instead of DDR2. However it requires a separate PMOD (potentially with reduced signal integrity), in order to support SD-Cards. The Ethernet PHY is a different type and development is taking place on the artya7_mii branch.</p><h3 id=what-happened-to-the-l2-cache:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What happened to the L2-cache ?</h3><p>The L2-cache was retired with TileLink-1 when it was updated to TileLink-2. This was due to bugs in the multiprocessing support. No replacement L2-cache has been released by Berkeley Architecture Research since then.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-coremark-performance-of-lowrisc:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the Coremark performance of LowRISC ?</h3><p>LowRISC achieves 2.18 Coremarks/MHz, compared to 6.43 Coremarks/MHz for a core-i7-6700, and 2.32 for a Raspberry PI model B. Of course LowRISC at the moment is just an emulation, so the 50MHz clock rate is a bottleneck. Nevertheless useful work can be done, particularly in embedded and Internet-of-things type applications.</p><h3 id=why-is-the-sd-card-reader-so-slow:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why is the SD-Card reader so slow ?</h3><p>SD-Card architectures have gone through tremendous improvements recently to make them more suitable for digital cameras and other typical architectures. Some of these improvements are carried through to the FPGA board, and others not. Signal integrity reasons prevent the card operating at its best possible speed in these circumstances, also the on-board flash controller is optimised towards large FAT filing systems rather than the EXT4 system favoured by Linux. A further reason which needs reworking in due course is that the Rocket is interrupted at the end of every SD command and every data transfer (no offloading is done). Continuous read mode is not supported, which would reduce overheads considerably if implemented.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-ethernet-throughput:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What is the Ethernet throughput ?</h3><p>The Nexys4DDR has a 10/100BaseT PHY. Support for 10BaseT was not included as it is considered obsolete. The 100BaseT performance will depend on the network but with the iperf3 program sustained performance is limited to about 2MBytes/sec. For software downloading and extracting the performance is around 130KBytes/sec. No offloading or Jumbo packet support is included, but the latter would present few difficulties.</p><h3 id=what-version-of-linux-kernel-is-available:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What version of Linux kernel is available ?</h3><p>The majority of the RISCV support was upstreamed as of the 4.18 release. Generic RISCV patches off this release amount to 39K bytes, LowRISC specific patches (primarily device drivers) amount to 87K bytes. It is anticipated the generic patches will reduce to almost nothing by the time of the 4.19 release. There are no plans to upstream the LowRISC device drivers, because there is not corresponding version of silicon to be supported. If it was decided to support these drivers long-term, it would unnecessarily hamper the process of introducing improvements such as DMA access and other goodies.</p><h3 id=why-was-the-debian-distribution-chosen-isn-t-it-rather-unstable:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>Why was the Debian distribution chosen? Isn&rsquo;t it rather unstable ?</h3><p>The Debian unstable distribution places a burden on maintainers to ensure that stable versions will not be impacted by changes required to support new architectures. Therefore it takes a while for support to move from unstable to a stable distribution. In addition some late changes to RISCV ABI have been made without fully appreciating the impact on O/S developers. Furthermore the list of control and status registers (CSRs) has been changing and some have been renamed or renumbered. LowRISC currently relies on several unstable packages that are not released. The Fedora picture is a little more rosy, but the use of DNF as a default package manager with its reliance on Python and friends, has too high an overhead for this hardware.</p><h3 id=what-about-other-linux-distributions:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about other Linux distributions ?</h3><p>The Debian distribution was chosen as it has the least burden on the processor. This is because its package manager is written in C++ and is streamlined. By contrast RPM based distributions such as Fedora and OpenSuse place a great deal of reliance on Python coding which is convenient but slow (especially when running a Python interpreter on an FPGA emulator).</p><h3 id=what-about-other-operating-systems:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about other operating systems ?</h3><p>FreeBSD was ported to the RISCV architecture by Ruslan Bukin and supports Spike and QEMU out of the box. The port to Rocket is a little more involved because the current version of FreeBSD assumes hardware support for Access and Dirty bits in the MMU. Rocket only supports trapping this situation and resolving in software. This problem is currently being investigated and this site will be updated as and when FreeBSD is supported.</p><h3 id=what-about-u-boot-is-that-supported:453f288b98becd91ee7b4ed5519e794a>What about u-boot, is that supported ?</h3><p>The u-boot system has a number of powerful facilities, for example being able to store boot parameters in non-volatile memory, and enabling booting via TFTP or NFS. It can also read kernels from FAT partitions and carry out various self-tests. Unfortunately it is also rather large, and it was felt that an embedded environment should not have a large ROM on board. However, there is nothing to stop u-boot from being attached as an option instead of BBL, when launched from the first stage boot loader. In fact the MMC/SD-Card support routines in the latest release are based on a cut-down version of u-boot FSBL. The out-of-the-box FSBL support in u-boot needs modifying in order to eventually replace our own boot loader entirely.</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/add_device/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/add_device/index.html
index c8e15b9b..9d3efcf1 100644
--- a/docs/debug-v0.3/add_device/index.html
+++ b/docs/debug-v0.3/add_device/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>How to add a new peripherial &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>How to add a new peripherial</h1><p>This document details the steps needed to add a second BRAM on the IO NASTI
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>How to add a new peripherial</h1><p>This document details the steps needed to add a second BRAM on the IO NASTI
 bus.</p><h3 id=a-secondary-bram:3565e9c8affa406308627458ae97fc4e>A secondary BRAM</h3><p>Below is the top-level connection of the BRAM to be added.</p><pre><code>module nasti_bram (
   input  clk, rstn,
   nasti_channel.slave nasti
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/debugmodules/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/debugmodules/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Debug modules &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug modules</h1><p>In the following we will give you a brief overview of the debug
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug modules</h1><p>In the following we will give you a brief overview of the debug
 modules employed in this release. They are all at a relatively early stage of
 implementation, but contain the basic functionality we will
 extend over the next months. Please find more details about the
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A debug session &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A debug session</h1><p>Once you have an Open SoC Debug daemon running and it connected to a
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A debug session</h1><p>Once you have an Open SoC Debug daemon running and it connected to a
 target system, you can initiate a debug session. In the following you will
 learn the different basic features to interact with the system.</p><p>Before you begin, you should build the example programs:</p><pre><code>make -C $TOP/fpga/bare_metal/examples hello.riscv trace.riscv
 </code></pre><h3 id=resetting-the-system:da9d471c4fb90641fea894c4e666b9c3>Resetting the system</h3><p>In the first step we will start the command line interface and reset
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/environment/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/environment/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Prepare the environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>We still recommend you work with a 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS).
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>We still recommend you work with a 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS).
 Everything except using the FPGA boards should also work
 out-of-box in a virtual machine.</p><p>For more details follow the
 <a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/dev-env>instructions of the previous tutorial</a>.</p><p>Ensure you have all the necessary packages installed:</p><pre><code>sudo apt-get install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl \
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/fpga/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/fpga/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running on the FPGA &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running on the FPGA</h1><p>In this final step, we want to test the debug functionality on an FPGA board.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running on the FPGA</h1><p>In this final step, we want to test the debug functionality on an FPGA board.
 The debug system will use the UART connection at 12 MBaud to communicate with
 the debug system.</p><h2 id=run-the-pre-built-fpga-demo-with-a-trace-debugger:c1fb0937386f1856cab2482632b86341>Run the pre-built FPGA demo with a trace debugger</h2><p>The files you may need:</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.3/nexys4ddr_fpga_debug.bit>nexys4ddr_fpga_debug.bit</a>:
 The debug enabled FPGA bitstream</li><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.3/boot.bin>boot.bin</a>:
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tutorial for the debug preview of lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the debug preview of lowRISC</h1><p><em>By Stefan Wallentowitz and Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.3</strong> (07-2016)</p><h2 id=introduction:31cb4d93b26bd2e3d52c9bf75038d1bb>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the debug preview of lowRISC</h1><p><em>By Stefan Wallentowitz and Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.3</strong> (07-2016)</p><h2 id=introduction:31cb4d93b26bd2e3d52c9bf75038d1bb>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume. We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V
 team at UC Berkeley. We will produce a SoC design to populate a
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/interface/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/interface/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Debug interface &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug interface</h1><p>As mentioned in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/overview/>overview</a> the debug infrastructure abstracts from the physical transport
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug interface</h1><p>As mentioned in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/overview/>overview</a> the debug infrastructure abstracts from the physical transport
 interface with the
 <a href=http://glip.io>generic interface logic project (glip)</a>. The
 following sketch shows the basic interface provided by glip and how it
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/lowriscsetup/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/lowriscsetup/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Generic lowRISC setup &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Generic lowRISC setup</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Generic lowRISC setup</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
 steps:</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>Install Xilinx Vivado</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>Install Verilator</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/riscv_compile/>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/osdsoftware/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/osdsoftware/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Open SoC Debug Software &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Open SoC Debug Software</h1><p>Building the Open SoC Debug software is currently done manually, but
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Open SoC Debug Software</h1><p>Building the Open SoC Debug software is currently done manually, but
 it only involves a few steps.</p><h3 id=build-glip-software:1773059d9c486bbb647fd1c3964e492f>Build glip software</h3><p>First you need to build and install the glip software to connect to
 the FPGA or simulation.</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/opensocdebug/glip
 ./autogen.sh
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/overview/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/overview/index.html
index 56fb335e..236c94af 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Overview of the debug infrastructure &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the debug infrastructure</h1><p>For this release we have set the goal to create the basic debug
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the debug infrastructure</h1><p>For this release we have set the goal to create the basic debug
 infrastructure for lowRISC. Before going into the details, we want to
 give you an overview about where we are heading with the debug
 infrastructure. Essentially, there are two methods to debug a
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/release/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/release/index.html
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--- a/docs/debug-v0.3/release/index.html
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Release notes &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:3787cd43946344717b1f5f1f929c8282>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Add core trace and software trace modules in each Rocket core using Chisel black-boxes.</li><li>Add Chisel debug network to Rocket-chip to connect the debug modules in cores.</li><li>Add a trace CSR (swtrace) for software trace triggering.</li><li>Merge the latest (05-2016) updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Use the shared TileLink MEM network and reduce code discrepancy with the upstream Rocket to be minimal.</li><li>Updated <code>Configs.scala</code> and <code>LowRISCChip.scala</code> to utilize new features from the upstream RISC-V.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>Add trace debugger from Open SoC Debug.</li><li>Upgrade the IO side NASTI to a full NASTI interface.</li><li>Rewrite the NASTI to NASTI-Lite interface in socip.</li><li>Re-structure the SystemVerilog top level to use macros from Chisel compiler.</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>A NEXYS4-DDR FPGA demo.</li><li>Better Makefile support.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous<ul><li>No tagged memory support (will be added back soon).</li><li>No support for ZedBoard and KC705.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:3787cd43946344717b1f5f1f929c8282>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:3787cd43946344717b1f5f1f929c8282>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Add core trace and software trace modules in each Rocket core using Chisel black-boxes.</li><li>Add Chisel debug network to Rocket-chip to connect the debug modules in cores.</li><li>Add a trace CSR (swtrace) for software trace triggering.</li><li>Merge the latest (05-2016) updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Use the shared TileLink MEM network and reduce code discrepancy with the upstream Rocket to be minimal.</li><li>Updated <code>Configs.scala</code> and <code>LowRISCChip.scala</code> to utilize new features from the upstream RISC-V.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>Add trace debugger from Open SoC Debug.</li><li>Upgrade the IO side NASTI to a full NASTI interface.</li><li>Rewrite the NASTI to NASTI-Lite interface in socip.</li><li>Re-structure the SystemVerilog top level to use macros from Chisel compiler.</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>A NEXYS4-DDR FPGA demo.</li><li>Better Makefile support.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous<ul><li>No tagged memory support (will be added back soon).</li><li>No support for ZedBoard and KC705.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:3787cd43946344717b1f5f1f929c8282>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/simulation/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/simulation/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Connecting to RTL simulation and enumeration &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Connecting to RTL simulation and enumeration</h1><h3 id=build-the-rtl-simulation:212eed46bfabc16a24e131cfe4a3df32>Build the RTL simulation</h3><p>The RTL simulation is a compiled simulation of the entire system with
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Connecting to RTL simulation and enumeration</h1><h3 id=build-the-rtl-simulation:212eed46bfabc16a24e131cfe4a3df32>Build the RTL simulation</h3><p>The RTL simulation is a compiled simulation of the entire system with
 cycle accuracy. You can generate the sources and build the simulation
 using:</p><pre><code>CONFIG=DebugConfig make -C $TOP/vsim sim
 </code></pre><p>The build will take a few minutes.</p><h3 id=start-the-rtl-simulation:212eed46bfabc16a24e131cfe4a3df32>Start the RTL simulation</h3><p>Next you can launch the RTL simulation and wait for the debug tool to
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/soc_struct/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/soc_struct/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Soc structure updates &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Soc structure updates</h1><p>Thanks to the continuous development from the RISC-V group at UC Berkeley,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Soc structure updates</h1><p>Thanks to the continuous development from the RISC-V group at UC Berkeley,
 there are a lot of structure changes and extra features incorporated in this
 release.</p><p><a name=figure-overview></a><img src=../figures/lowRISC_soc.png alt=Drawing style="width:500px;padding:20px 0"></p><ul><li><p><strong>Shared TileLink MEM network for both cached (memory) accesses and uncached (IO) accesses.</strong><br>In the previous untethered release, cached memory accesses and uncached IO
 accesses are separated early in the L1 D$, which has the benefit of small
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/softwaremethodology/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/softwaremethodology/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Debug software and methodology &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug software and methodology</h1><p>The debug software uses the glip library
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug software and methodology</h1><p>The debug software uses the glip library
 (<a href=http://www.glip.io/modules.html>glip API</a>) to communicate with the
 target. On top of the basic access functions the Open SoC Debug
 library (<code>libopensocdebug</code>) provides the API to abstract from basic
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/walkthrough/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/walkthrough/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Debug walkthrough &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug walkthrough</h1><p>In this main part of this tutorial you will learn about the debug
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug walkthrough</h1><p>In this main part of this tutorial you will learn about the debug
 features we have added to lowRISC. After introducing the
 <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/simulation/>debug enumeration and the general software usage with the RTL simulation</a>, we will introduce the different features in
 <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/>example debug sessions</a>. Finally, a
diff --git a/docs/debug-v0.3/zedboard/index.html b/docs/debug-v0.3/zedboard/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Working with Zedboard &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Working with Zedboard</h1><p><em>lowRISC was ported to Zedboard in <a href=https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be>KU Leuven - COSIC</a> to design and verify trusted computing hardware extensions</em></p><h2 id=porting-lowrisc-to-zedboard:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>Porting lowRISC to Zedboard</h2><p>Zedboard is versatile development board utilising Zynq SoC. It has been used in several implementations of RISC-V; hosting it as a neighbour to the Zynq’s hard-coded ARM cores. However, in Zedboard the ARM cores of the Zynq are dominant: almost all peripherals or ports connect to the ARM Processing System (PS), and they are not directly reachable from Programmable Logic (PL). That makes the RISC-V, implementated in PL, inaccessible without passing through the ARM PS. Therefore, the RISC-V implementations for Zynq (including the original release by Berkeley or the earliest lowRISC design) use so called Host/Target Interface (HTIF), which has the front-end server running on PS and communicating with the target RISC-V implemented in PL, which is the tethering of RISC-V to ARM.</p><p>Compared to the other RISC-V implementations, lowRISC&rsquo;s achievement of offering an untethered RISC-V implementation is great; however, made the design leave the Zynq devices initially. However, with the implementation described in this page, the Zedboard support is added again. Zedboard’s SD Card and UART ports are connected directly to ARM; therefore, the port of lowRISC to Zedboard requires obtaining two low-cost PMOD modules to provide RISC-V with dedicated IO, and continue working untethered.</p><ul><li>For SD Card: <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-sd-full-sized-sd-card-slot/>Pmod SD</a></li><li>For UART: <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-rs232-serial-converter-and-interface-standard/>Pmod RS232</a> or <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-usbuart-usb-to-uart-interface/>Pmod USBUART</a></li></ul><p>Together with the PMODs, the board looks like it is in the image below:</p><p><a name="Zedboard with PMODs"></a><img src="https://github.com/furkanturan/lowrisc-zed/blob/master/boardimage.jpg?raw=true" alt="Zedboard with PMODs" style="padding:20px 0"></p><p>Dedicated IO is provided to RISC-V with PMODs; however, the Zedboard has a single DDR RAM, and it is connected to the Zynq SoC through the memory controller of ARM PS. Therefore, in this Zedboard port of lowRISC, the RISC-V accesses to memory through the ARM PS. In other words, the memory is shared between the ARM and RISC-V cores. The <code>chip-top.v</code> file is expanded to make nasti memory port of RISC-V accessible as module IO, instead of connecting it to MIG IP Core as other board implementations do. On top of this, a block diagram is provided which instantiates the ARM PS7. Finally, <code>Wrapper.v</code> is provided as the top-design file, which connects the ARM PS7 and RISC-V. This connection manages clock and reset signals, and connects the RISC-V nasti memory port to the PS7’s memory controller through HP0 AXI port.</p><p>A great outcome of this port is one board with two systems on same chip; one of which is ARM, the most accepted architecture for embedded devices, and the other is RISC-V, the most promising. Once can configure to run them independent of each other, and establish shared memory communication as they physically share the memory.</p><hr><h2 id=the-tutorial-on-working-with-zedboard:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>The Tutorial on Working with Zedboard</h2><h3 id=preparation:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>Preparation</h3><p>Get the lowRISC development environment.</p><pre><code>git clone -b debug-v0.3 --recursive https://github.com/lowrisc/lowrisc-chip.git
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Working with Zedboard</h1><p><em>lowRISC was ported to Zedboard in <a href=https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be>KU Leuven - COSIC</a> to design and verify trusted computing hardware extensions</em></p><h2 id=porting-lowrisc-to-zedboard:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>Porting lowRISC to Zedboard</h2><p>Zedboard is versatile development board utilising Zynq SoC. It has been used in several implementations of RISC-V; hosting it as a neighbour to the Zynq’s hard-coded ARM cores. However, in Zedboard the ARM cores of the Zynq are dominant: almost all peripherals or ports connect to the ARM Processing System (PS), and they are not directly reachable from Programmable Logic (PL). That makes the RISC-V, implementated in PL, inaccessible without passing through the ARM PS. Therefore, the RISC-V implementations for Zynq (including the original release by Berkeley or the earliest lowRISC design) use so called Host/Target Interface (HTIF), which has the front-end server running on PS and communicating with the target RISC-V implemented in PL, which is the tethering of RISC-V to ARM.</p><p>Compared to the other RISC-V implementations, lowRISC&rsquo;s achievement of offering an untethered RISC-V implementation is great; however, made the design leave the Zynq devices initially. However, with the implementation described in this page, the Zedboard support is added again. Zedboard’s SD Card and UART ports are connected directly to ARM; therefore, the port of lowRISC to Zedboard requires obtaining two low-cost PMOD modules to provide RISC-V with dedicated IO, and continue working untethered.</p><ul><li>For SD Card: <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-sd-full-sized-sd-card-slot/>Pmod SD</a></li><li>For UART: <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-rs232-serial-converter-and-interface-standard/>Pmod RS232</a> or <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/pmod-usbuart-usb-to-uart-interface/>Pmod USBUART</a></li></ul><p>Together with the PMODs, the board looks like it is in the image below:</p><p><a name="Zedboard with PMODs"></a><img src="https://github.com/furkanturan/lowrisc-zed/blob/master/boardimage.jpg?raw=true" alt="Zedboard with PMODs" style="padding:20px 0"></p><p>Dedicated IO is provided to RISC-V with PMODs; however, the Zedboard has a single DDR RAM, and it is connected to the Zynq SoC through the memory controller of ARM PS. Therefore, in this Zedboard port of lowRISC, the RISC-V accesses to memory through the ARM PS. In other words, the memory is shared between the ARM and RISC-V cores. The <code>chip-top.v</code> file is expanded to make nasti memory port of RISC-V accessible as module IO, instead of connecting it to MIG IP Core as other board implementations do. On top of this, a block diagram is provided which instantiates the ARM PS7. Finally, <code>Wrapper.v</code> is provided as the top-design file, which connects the ARM PS7 and RISC-V. This connection manages clock and reset signals, and connects the RISC-V nasti memory port to the PS7’s memory controller through HP0 AXI port.</p><p>A great outcome of this port is one board with two systems on same chip; one of which is ARM, the most accepted architecture for embedded devices, and the other is RISC-V, the most promising. Once can configure to run them independent of each other, and establish shared memory communication as they physically share the memory.</p><hr><h2 id=the-tutorial-on-working-with-zedboard:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>The Tutorial on Working with Zedboard</h2><h3 id=preparation:aca1101cb18c41f66e68389b1dbd45e1>Preparation</h3><p>Get the lowRISC development environment.</p><pre><code>git clone -b debug-v0.3 --recursive https://github.com/lowrisc/lowrisc-chip.git
 cd lowrisc-chip
 </code></pre><p>Now you need to <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/environment/>prepare the environment as described here</a></p><ul><li>If you haven’t before, <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/riscv_compile.md>compile and install RISC-V cross compiler</a></li><li><p>If you haven’t before, <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx.md>install Vivado and set your environment</a> <em>Note: The Zedboard port is implemented with Vivado 2016.2</em></p></li><li><p>Set environment variables:</p><pre><code>export FPGA_BOARD=zed
 source set_env.sh
diff --git a/docs/dhcp-configuration/index.html b/docs/dhcp-configuration/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>DHCP configuration &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>DHCP configuration</h1><h2 id=why-dhcp:3c3a546022b9c093894cf1e18c60e76d>Why DHCP ?</h2><p>A powerful but confusing feature for new users is the Ethernet interface available on the FPGA board. The good news is that the infrastructure designed to manage PCs can work equally well for FPGA boards. If you have a home hub or network address translation zone associated with your development environment it should be sufficient to simply plug the FPGA board into your 100BaseT hub and reset (having followed the previous advice to install the bitstream in quad-spi memory). A DHCP server will supply hard to remember and possibly regularly changing information to your boot loader and Linux:</p><ol><li>The IP address to be used</li><li>The Netmask to be used</li><li>The default route gateway (to allow you to talk to the internet)</li><li>Caching Name servers</li><li>A subsequent server for NFS booting and other goodies</li></ol><p>If the Ethernet is unplugged or incapable of 100BaseT-DX operation, the display will likely stick after &lsquo;Waiting for DHCP_OFFER&rsquo;.</p><h2 id=direct-cable-connection:3c3a546022b9c093894cf1e18c60e76d>Direct cable connection</h2><p>If you use a direct cable (recommended if you are experimenting), connect with your own PC&rsquo;s Ethernet port.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>DHCP configuration</h1><h2 id=why-dhcp:3c3a546022b9c093894cf1e18c60e76d>Why DHCP ?</h2><p>A powerful but confusing feature for new users is the Ethernet interface available on the FPGA board. The good news is that the infrastructure designed to manage PCs can work equally well for FPGA boards. If you have a home hub or network address translation zone associated with your development environment it should be sufficient to simply plug the FPGA board into your 100BaseT hub and reset (having followed the previous advice to install the bitstream in quad-spi memory). A DHCP server will supply hard to remember and possibly regularly changing information to your boot loader and Linux:</p><ol><li>The IP address to be used</li><li>The Netmask to be used</li><li>The default route gateway (to allow you to talk to the internet)</li><li>Caching Name servers</li><li>A subsequent server for NFS booting and other goodies</li></ol><p>If the Ethernet is unplugged or incapable of 100BaseT-DX operation, the display will likely stick after &lsquo;Waiting for DHCP_OFFER&rsquo;.</p><h2 id=direct-cable-connection:3c3a546022b9c093894cf1e18c60e76d>Direct cable connection</h2><p>If you use a direct cable (recommended if you are experimenting), connect with your own PC&rsquo;s Ethernet port.
 This could be a development workstation if you have a second Ethernet card fitted, or a laptop with Wifi and Ethernet.
 You need to install isc-dhcp-server (or similar) and create a config which includes the following (for example):</p><pre><code># This is a very basic subnet declaration.
 
diff --git a/docs/diplomacy/index.html b/docs/diplomacy/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Diplomacy and TileLink from the Rocket Chip &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Diplomacy and TileLink from the Rocket Chip</h1><p><em>Wei Song</em></p><p>(01-2018)</p><h2 id=1-introduction:ccc16218c504353a59a6af4d5ea24c26>1. Introduction</h2><p>Rocket-Chip is a SoC generator <a href=#Asanovic2016>[1]</a> initially developed by UC Berkeley and now mostly maintained by SiFive.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Diplomacy and TileLink from the Rocket Chip</h1><p><em>Wei Song</em></p><p>(01-2018)</p><h2 id=1-introduction:ccc16218c504353a59a6af4d5ea24c26>1. Introduction</h2><p>Rocket-Chip is a SoC generator <a href=#Asanovic2016>[1]</a> initially developed by UC Berkeley and now mostly maintained by SiFive.
 The SoC can be configured with a single or multiple processor cores,
 such as the in-order Rocket cores or the out-of-order BOOM cores.
 The architecture of the whole SoC,
diff --git a/docs/docker-tools-build/index.html b/docs/docker-tools-build/index.html
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--- a/docs/docker-tools-build/index.html
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>&middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><p>docker pull jrrk2/riscv-tools-build</p><p>docker run -v /var/tmp:/var/tmp -it jrrk2/riscv-tools-build bash /root/build_riscv.sh</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><p>docker pull jrrk2/riscv-tools-build</p><p>docker run -v /var/tmp:/var/tmp -it jrrk2/riscv-tools-build bash /root/build_riscv.sh</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/docs/download-install-debian/index.html b/docs/download-install-debian/index.html
index dd39dc42..a68a7b43 100644
--- a/docs/download-install-debian/index.html
+++ b/docs/download-install-debian/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Download and install Debian &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Download and install Debian</h1><h2 id=build-linux-and-early-stage-root-filesystem:e08f03b4adebca34c40954c6ff6bd382>Build Linux and early stage root filesystem</h2><p>These instructions assume you are running our recommended distribution Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS</p><p>Debian installation requires the ability to emulate RISCV execution on the host PC.</p><p>Proceed as follows, first generate an initial root file system for booting, we use Debian to generate initial tmpfs for booting,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Download and install Debian</h1><h2 id=build-linux-and-early-stage-root-filesystem:e08f03b4adebca34c40954c6ff6bd382>Build Linux and early stage root filesystem</h2><p>These instructions assume you are running our recommended distribution Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS</p><p>Debian installation requires the ability to emulate RISCV execution on the host PC.</p><p>Proceed as follows, first generate an initial root file system for booting, we use Debian to generate initial tmpfs for booting,
 and at the same time, the subsystems for multi-user operation:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/debian-riscv64
 </code></pre><p>The bootstrapping process requires the qemu binary built in the previous step. This needs to be registered if not already done by the quickstart procedure.</p><pre><code>sudo update-binfmts --import work/qemu-riscv64
 </code></pre><p>If the message: no executable /usr/bin/qemu-riscv64-static found, it should be ignored since the path will be different inside the chroot.</p><p>This step downloads the RISCV basic bootstrap and extracts those elements that are needed for booting (because any superfluous files waste memory and download time)</p><pre><code>make cpio
diff --git a/docs/download-the-code/index.html b/docs/download-the-code/index.html
index fd3149df..b84e0942 100644
--- a/docs/download-the-code/index.html
+++ b/docs/download-the-code/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>&middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><h3 id=structure-of-the-git-repository:bbf78e49fb7759b29344b768cad81be5>Structure of the git repository</h3><p>The structure of the repository is as follows:</p><ul><li><code>fpga</code>: FPGA demo implementations<ul><li><code>board</code>: Demo projects for individual development boards.<ul><li><code>nexys4</code>: Files for the Nexys™4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA Board.</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><code>debian-riscv64</code>: Scripts to bootstrap a Debian Linux RISCV system</li><li><code>riscv-linux</code>: The Linux RISCV kernel with LowRISC device drivers</li><li><code>rocket-chip</code>: The Rocket core and its sub-systems.<ul><li><code>firrtl</code>: Hardware description intermediate language</li><li><code>hardfloat</code>: Hardware floating-point arithmetic unit</li><li><code>torture</code>: Tricky tests that stress the CPU</li><li><code>riscv-tools</code>: The cross-compilation and simulation tool chain. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/riscv_compile/>[Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler]</a><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a></li><li><code>riscv-opcodes</code>: The enumeration of all RISC-V opcodes executable by the Spike simulator.</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel need for running legacy programs in the Spike simulator.</li><li><code>riscv-tests</code>: Tests for the Rocket core.</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><code>src</code>: The top level code of lowRISC chip.<ul><li><code>main</code>: The Verilog code for hardware implementation.</li><li><code>test</code>: The Verilog/C++(DPI) test bench files</li></ul></li><li><code>qemu</code>: User mode emulation of RISCV instruction set</li></ul><h3 id=ensure-you-have-all-the-necessary-packages-installed:bbf78e49fb7759b29344b768cad81be5>Ensure you have all the necessary packages installed:</h3><pre><code>sudo apt-get install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl \
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><h3 id=structure-of-the-git-repository:bbf78e49fb7759b29344b768cad81be5>Structure of the git repository</h3><p>The structure of the repository is as follows:</p><ul><li><code>fpga</code>: FPGA demo implementations<ul><li><code>board</code>: Demo projects for individual development boards.<ul><li><code>nexys4</code>: Files for the Nexys™4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA Board.</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><code>debian-riscv64</code>: Scripts to bootstrap a Debian Linux RISCV system</li><li><code>riscv-linux</code>: The Linux RISCV kernel with LowRISC device drivers</li><li><code>rocket-chip</code>: The Rocket core and its sub-systems.<ul><li><code>firrtl</code>: Hardware description intermediate language</li><li><code>hardfloat</code>: Hardware floating-point arithmetic unit</li><li><code>torture</code>: Tricky tests that stress the CPU</li><li><code>riscv-tools</code>: The cross-compilation and simulation tool chain. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/riscv_compile/>[Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler]</a><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a></li><li><code>riscv-opcodes</code>: The enumeration of all RISC-V opcodes executable by the Spike simulator.</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel need for running legacy programs in the Spike simulator.</li><li><code>riscv-tests</code>: Tests for the Rocket core.</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><code>src</code>: The top level code of lowRISC chip.<ul><li><code>main</code>: The Verilog code for hardware implementation.</li><li><code>test</code>: The Verilog/C++(DPI) test bench files</li></ul></li><li><code>qemu</code>: User mode emulation of RISCV instruction set</li></ul><h3 id=ensure-you-have-all-the-necessary-packages-installed:bbf78e49fb7759b29344b768cad81be5>Ensure you have all the necessary packages installed:</h3><pre><code>sudo apt-get install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl \
 libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev gawk build-essential bison \
 flex texinfo gperf libncurses5-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libboost-dev \
 swig git libtool libreadline-dev libelf-dev python-dev \
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/index.html
index ab5c5aba..83f7eed1 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Build your own bitstream and images &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Build your own bitstream and images</h1><h3 id=generate-the-bitstream:63e4d7c38a403be6b884c904a2751f72>Generate the bitstream</h3><h4 id=fpga-demo-with-ethernet-default-bootloader:63e4d7c38a403be6b884c904a2751f72>FPGA demo with Ethernet (default bootloader)</h4><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Build your own bitstream and images</h1><h3 id=generate-the-bitstream:63e4d7c38a403be6b884c904a2751f72>Generate the bitstream</h3><h4 id=fpga-demo-with-ethernet-default-bootloader:63e4d7c38a403be6b884c904a2751f72>FPGA demo with Ethernet (default bootloader)</h4><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
 make cleanall
 make bitstream
 </code></pre><p>The generated bitstream is located at <code>lowrisc-chip-imp/lowrisc-chip-imp.runs/impl_1/chip_top.bit</code>.
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/environment/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/environment/index.html
index 6c8a60c8..4c730b2b 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/environment/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/environment/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Prepare the environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
 found that
 Vivado (the Xilinx FPGA implementation suite) <a href=https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/54242.html>is particular about the O/S</a></p><p>All builds were completed with Vivado 2015.4. If a newer version is attempted there could be script incompatibilities to fix and/or incompatible upgrades to internal Xilinx IP. We have no evidence that newer versions do not work, however IP changes to support newer chip families can cause obscure error messages which are offputting for the first-time user.</p><p>For this version of Vivado the Xilinx recommended O/S 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS).
 However, this version of Linux is not stable on newer Intel chip sets, where Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS should be used instead.</p><p>It has been found that most of the problems with Vivado will go away if LD_LIBRARY_PATH is unset after sourcing the Vivado setup.
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/ethernet/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/ethernet/index.html
index fe8d326c..98666c78 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/ethernet/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/ethernet/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Ethernet internals &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Ethernet internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces 100Mbps Ethernet, allowing remote ssh and
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Ethernet internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces 100Mbps Ethernet, allowing remote ssh and
 network filing system functionality.</p><h2 id=rtl-changes:9de3da8ba238018969aebf4a4f15de58>RTL changes</h2><p>The PHY of the Ethernet uses reduced media independent interface (RMII). The transmission rate is fixed at 100MHz
 and is found to be compatible with most hubs and switches. The possibility to communicate with the PHY is programmed
 but not used.</p><p>The core of the Ethernet block is adapted from a suite of IP provided by Alex Forencich.</p><p><a href=https://github.com/alexforencich/verilog-ethernet.git>https://github.com/alexforencich/verilog-ethernet.git</a></p><p>It requires a wrapper and some buffer RAMs to enable it to be controlled by the Rocket, plus an interrupt interface.
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga/index.html
index 665f7be8..e9620a89 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running the pre-built NFS-root image on the FPGA &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running the pre-built NFS-root image on the FPGA</h1><p>In this step, we want to test the Ethernet functionality on an FPGA board.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running the pre-built NFS-root image on the FPGA</h1><p>In this step, we want to test the Ethernet functionality on an FPGA board.
 The system will use the Ethernet 100Base-T connection at 100 MBaud to communicate with
 the LowRISC Linux system.</p><h2 id=run-the-pre-built-fpga-demo:e4b1779d2306b48576b09f8db4a2fb38>Run the pre-built FPGA demo</h2><p>The files you may need:</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.5-rc2/nexys4ddr.bit>chip_top.bit</a>:
 The tagpipe/minion/debug enabled FPGA bitstream</li><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.5-rc2/boot0001.bin>boot0001.bin</a>:
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga2/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga2/index.html
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--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga2/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/fpga2/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running the pre-built SD-image on the FPGA &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running the pre-built SD-image on the FPGA</h1><p>In this alternative step, we want to test standalone Ethernet functionality on an FPGA board,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running the pre-built SD-image on the FPGA</h1><p>In this alternative step, we want to test standalone Ethernet functionality on an FPGA board,
 complete with dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), routing to the internet, and remote ssh.</p><p>The system will use the Ethernet 100Base-T connection at 100 MBaud to communicate with
 the LowRISC Linux system.</p><h2 id=run-the-pre-built-fpga-demo:0091db0d9eac6df8946294cb61bfb83e>Run the pre-built FPGA demo</h2><p>The files you may need:</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.5-rc2/nexys4ddr.bit>chip_top.bit</a>:
 The tagpipe/minion/debug enabled FPGA bitstream</li><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/v0.5-rc2/boot0000.bin>boot0000.bin</a>:
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/index.html
index a3c94163..ef800a6f 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tutorial for the v0.5 lowRISC preview release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.5 lowRISC preview release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt, Wei Song and Alex Bradbury</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.5</strong> (12-2017)</p><h2 id=introduction:0574c7d806b0708720ed941bbcbb16f5>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.5 lowRISC preview release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt, Wei Song and Alex Bradbury</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.5</strong> (12-2017)</p><h2 id=introduction:0574c7d806b0708720ed941bbcbb16f5>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume. We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V
 team at UC Berkeley. We will produce a SoC design to populate a
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/installtools/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/installtools/index.html
index e23c8c49..0c1b0364 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/installtools/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/installtools/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Install FPGA and simulation tools &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install FPGA and simulation tools</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install FPGA and simulation tools</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
 steps:</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>Install Xilinx Vivado</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>Install Verilator</a></li></ul><p>The above procedure may change your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to an older version of libraries than some systems expect. If this
 happens, you may get a message such as:</p><ul><li>awk: symbol lookup error: awk: undefined symbol: mpfr_z_sub</li></ul><p>A work-around is to manually execute <code>unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> afterwards before installing the cross-compiler.</p></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/overview/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/overview/index.html
index 9cc498c8..e82315a5 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/overview/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Overview of the ethernet infrastructure &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the ethernet infrastructure</h1><p><a name=figure-overview></a><img src=../figures/lowRISC_tag.png alt=Drawing style="width:600px;padding:20px 0"></p><h2 id=pre-defined-design-constraints:060a56581ab0a644d58cfa95aea883db>Pre-defined Design constraints</h2><p>Our goal of supporting the same FPGA board as the previous release
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the ethernet infrastructure</h1><p><a name=figure-overview></a><img src=../figures/lowRISC_tag.png alt=Drawing style="width:600px;padding:20px 0"></p><h2 id=pre-defined-design-constraints:060a56581ab0a644d58cfa95aea883db>Pre-defined Design constraints</h2><p>Our goal of supporting the same FPGA board as the previous release
 may only be realised with a single 100BaseT Ethernet port (the most common type encountered),
 due to PCB design constraints.
 Nevertheless it is conceived that 1Gbps Ethernet could be made use of by a different board.
diff --git a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/index.html b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/index.html
index 11c67a8d..6e390520 100644
--- a/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/index.html
+++ b/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Release notes &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:a698cffc732ba5f0d3463d9ecd03e7f5>Release notes</h3><ul><li><p>Rocket-core (Chisel)</p><ul><li>Corrections to tag cache security and Rocket behaviour corrected.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Software environment</p><ul><li>Choice of boot options controlled by DIP-switches from one executable.</li><li>Accelerated, interrupt driven access to SD-cards in Linux.</li><li>Interrupt driven access to 100Base-T F/D Ethernet Linux device driver.</li><li>Remote Booting from Ethernet or 4-bit SD-mode supported.</li><li>Network Filing System root supported (with static IP addresses).</li><li>DHCP networking and Dropbear SSH server/client remote access with local SD-card root.</li><li>Linux userland based on adapted version of RISCV-poky Linux.</li></ul></li><li><p>lowRISC-chip</p><ul><li>Accelerated, reduced overhead interrupt-driven control of SD-card.</li><li>Faster integration of keyboard, and scrolling of VGA display, better integration with LowRISC console.</li><li>Choice of booting from remote ethernet protocol, SD-card, or remote trace debugger.</li><li>Unattended, networked operation (with remote multi-user access) possible, subject to performance constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Design environment</p><ul><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Add etherboot (SD-card root or NFS-root) targets to fpga Makefile.</li><li>Streamlined build more easily meets design constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Missing from this release vs the previous</p><ul><li>Minion was temporarily removed because it was a performance bottleneck in the Linux device driver architecture.</li><li>Quad SPI memory is dedicated to bitstream configuration.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:a698cffc732ba5f0d3463d9ecd03e7f5>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/><strong>Version 0.4</strong>: minion lowRISC (04-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:a698cffc732ba5f0d3463d9ecd03e7f5>Release notes</h3><ul><li><p>Rocket-core (Chisel)</p><ul><li>Corrections to tag cache security and Rocket behaviour corrected.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Software environment</p><ul><li>Choice of boot options controlled by DIP-switches from one executable.</li><li>Accelerated, interrupt driven access to SD-cards in Linux.</li><li>Interrupt driven access to 100Base-T F/D Ethernet Linux device driver.</li><li>Remote Booting from Ethernet or 4-bit SD-mode supported.</li><li>Network Filing System root supported (with static IP addresses).</li><li>DHCP networking and Dropbear SSH server/client remote access with local SD-card root.</li><li>Linux userland based on adapted version of RISCV-poky Linux.</li></ul></li><li><p>lowRISC-chip</p><ul><li>Accelerated, reduced overhead interrupt-driven control of SD-card.</li><li>Faster integration of keyboard, and scrolling of VGA display, better integration with LowRISC console.</li><li>Choice of booting from remote ethernet protocol, SD-card, or remote trace debugger.</li><li>Unattended, networked operation (with remote multi-user access) possible, subject to performance constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Design environment</p><ul><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Add etherboot (SD-card root or NFS-root) targets to fpga Makefile.</li><li>Streamlined build more easily meets design constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Missing from this release vs the previous</p><ul><li>Minion was temporarily removed because it was a performance bottleneck in the Linux device driver architecture.</li><li>Quad SPI memory is dedicated to bitstream configuration.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:a698cffc732ba5f0d3463d9ecd03e7f5>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/><strong>Version 0.4</strong>: minion lowRISC (04-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/generate-the-bitstream/index.html b/docs/generate-the-bitstream/index.html
index b9b35244..71935ab1 100644
--- a/docs/generate-the-bitstream/index.html
+++ b/docs/generate-the-bitstream/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>&middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><h3 id=generate-the-bitstream:bbfe32d91fbfd9affb26ce9fec4602d6>Generate the bitstream</h3><h4 id=fpga-demo-with-fpga-default-bootloader:bbfe32d91fbfd9affb26ce9fec4602d6>FPGA demo with Fpga (default bootloader)</h4><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1></h1><h3 id=generate-the-bitstream:bbfe32d91fbfd9affb26ce9fec4602d6>Generate the bitstream</h3><h4 id=fpga-demo-with-fpga-default-bootloader:bbfe32d91fbfd9affb26ce9fec4602d6>FPGA demo with Fpga (default bootloader)</h4><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr
 make cleanall
 make bitstream
 </code></pre><p>The generated bitstream is located at <code>lowrisc-chip-imp/lowrisc-chip-imp.runs/impl_1/chip_top.bit</code>.
diff --git a/docs/getting-started/index.html b/docs/getting-started/index.html
index f6455979..8b42495b 100644
--- a/docs/getting-started/index.html
+++ b/docs/getting-started/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Getting started &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Getting started</h1><h2 id=getting-started-with-the-refresh-v0-6-prebuilt-binaries:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>Getting Started with the refresh-v0.6 prebuilt binaries</h2><p>This guide will walk you through downloading the binaries of the latest lowRISC release and booting it
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Getting started</h1><h2 id=getting-started-with-the-refresh-v0-6-prebuilt-binaries:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>Getting Started with the refresh-v0.6 prebuilt binaries</h2><p>This guide will walk you through downloading the binaries of the latest lowRISC release and booting it
 on a Nexys4DDR FPGA.</p><ul><li>You will require:</li><li>A Linux PC with sudo access with two readily accessible USB ports</li><li>(these instructions apply to Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS)</li><li>A Nexys4DDR FPGA board from Digilent with combined power and USB cable</li><li>A micro-SD card (minimum 4GBytes capacity)</li><li>A PC-compatible SD-card reader</li></ul><h2 id=choosing-a-hardware-configuration:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>Choosing a hardware configuration</h2><p>lowRISC can be configured standalone, mimicking a PC, or with a remote serial console (not to be confused with the tethered option mentioned in some RISCV documentation sources). For the remote console option the FPGA configuration can come from USB memory stick, so the large (up to 28GBytes) Vivado installation is not required. For the standalone option it has to come from Quad-SPI flash memory.</p><h3 id=remote-console-requirements:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>Remote console requirements</h3><ul><li>A USB memory stick if you don&rsquo;t want to use Vivado and Quad-SPI.</li><li>Install microcom or your favourite terminal emulator program (remote keyboard option only will be available)</li><li>You will need to use the following command to allow microcom to run as the non-superuser:</li><li>sudo usermod -a -G dialout $USER</li></ul><h3 id=standalone-pc-free-requirements:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>Standalone (PC free) requirements</h3><ul><li>A VGA compatible LCD monitor</li><li>A PS/2 style PC-AT keyboard with USB connector</li><li>A copy of Vivado 2018.1 webpack edition (with SDK if you plan to do development) to program the Quad-SPI</li></ul><h4 id=for-both-options-a-100base-t-ethernet-cable-to-a-home-hub-or-corporate-lan-is-recommended:a39c9f7aa728d5fa3b973bc6ba49228a>For both options a 100Base-T Ethernet cable to a home hub or corporate LAN is recommended.</h4><p>The quickstart Makefile should be installed as follows:</p><pre><code>git clone https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-quickstart.git
 cd lowrisc-quickstart
 </code></pre><p>If you don&rsquo;t have git installed the following workaround may be used:</p><pre><code>wget https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-quickstart/archive/master.zip
diff --git a/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/index.html b/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/index.html
index 89d08630..06d652b6 100644
--- a/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/index.html
+++ b/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2015 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2015</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/homepage/google/gsoc2015>2015
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2015</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/homepage/google/gsoc2015>2015
 Google Summer of Code</a> as a mentoring organisation. We are
 working with a number of our friends in the open source hardware community,
 acting as an &lsquo;umbrella&rsquo; organisation to provide a wider range of projects.
diff --git a/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/index.html b/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/index.html
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--- a/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/index.html
+++ b/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2016 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2016</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>2016 Google Summer of
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2016</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>2016 Google Summer of
 Code</a> as a mentoring organisation. We
 are working with a number of our friends in the open source hardware
 community, acting as an &lsquo;umbrella&rsquo; organisation to provide a wider range of
diff --git a/docs/gsoc-2017-ideas/index.html b/docs/gsoc-2017-ideas/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2017 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2017</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/>2017 Google Summer of
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2017</h1><p>lowRISC is taking part in the <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/>2017 Google Summer of
 Code</a> as a mentoring
 organisation. See the <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/timeline>full program
 timeline</a> for a
diff --git a/docs/gsoc-2017/core-lockstep/index.html b/docs/gsoc-2017/core-lockstep/index.html
index 31ab63bc..aeb8466c 100644
--- a/docs/gsoc-2017/core-lockstep/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC 2017 student report: Core lockstep for minion cores &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>GSoC 2017 student report: Core lockstep for minion cores</h1><p><em>Nikitas Chronas</em></p><h2 id=introduction:77614929e15065dd7aa41233ec798d25>Introduction</h2><p>The upgraded role of <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat>CubeSats</a>, fueled
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>GSoC 2017 student report: Core lockstep for minion cores</h1><p><em>Nikitas Chronas</em></p><h2 id=introduction:77614929e15065dd7aa41233ec798d25>Introduction</h2><p>The upgraded role of <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat>CubeSats</a>, fueled
 by technological advances and lowered launch costs in the aerospace industry,
 has opened access to space for a wider audience. Space is a harsh environment
 for microelectronics - radiation induced Single Event Upsets can trigger bit
diff --git a/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/index.html b/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2020 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2020</h1><p>lowRISC has been accepted as a mentoring organisation for the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>2020 Google
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC project ideas for GSoC 2020</h1><p>lowRISC has been accepted as a mentoring organisation for the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>2020 Google
 Summer of Code</a>. See the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/how-it-works/#timeline>full program
 timeline</a> for a
 run-down of key dates.</p><p>Before submitting your application, please get in contact with us on <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com>our
diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Documentation &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Documentation</h1><h2 id=introduction:4cdd37113783e47641dd300543c94e1b>Introduction</h2><p>This page is an index to documentation for our 64-bit RISC-V SoC platform.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Documentation</h1><h2 id=introduction:4cdd37113783e47641dd300543c94e1b>Introduction</h2><p>This page is an index to documentation for our 64-bit RISC-V SoC platform.
 We&rsquo;ll be refreshing with further pointers to documentation for our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/>other
 projects</a>.</p><p>These SoC platform code releases and documentation have the aim of easing the path of new users and students,
 providing a robust tested platform for research into computer architecture,
diff --git a/docs/internship-2016/accelerator-tutorial/index.html b/docs/internship-2016/accelerator-tutorial/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Extending the video accelerator to add custom stream processors &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Extending the video accelerator to add custom stream processors</h1><p>This tutorial will cover:</p><ul><li>Adding a new stream processor to the Video Accelerator infrastructure.</li><li>Exposing the new instruction to the user.</li></ul><h2 id=adding-a-new-stream-processor:00a86b7c1cc1bf6a56858df6dacba5bc>Adding a new stream processor</h2><p>A stream processor has to be able to take a AXI4-Stream channel as input, process the data and output back to a AXI4-Stream channel as these are the only Input/Output options provided to it within the Video Accelerator infrastructure.</p><p>Let us assume that we wish to add</p><pre><code class=language-sv>stream_processor processor(
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Extending the video accelerator to add custom stream processors</h1><p>This tutorial will cover:</p><ul><li>Adding a new stream processor to the Video Accelerator infrastructure.</li><li>Exposing the new instruction to the user.</li></ul><h2 id=adding-a-new-stream-processor:00a86b7c1cc1bf6a56858df6dacba5bc>Adding a new stream processor</h2><p>A stream processor has to be able to take a AXI4-Stream channel as input, process the data and output back to a AXI4-Stream channel as these are the only Input/Output options provided to it within the Video Accelerator infrastructure.</p><p>Let us assume that we wish to add</p><pre><code class=language-sv>stream_processor processor(
    .aclk(aclk),
    .aresetn(aresetn),
 
diff --git a/docs/internship-2016/device-tutorial/index.html b/docs/internship-2016/device-tutorial/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Extending lowRISC with new devices &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Extending lowRISC with new devices</h1><p>In this tutorial, we will cover how to</p><ul><li>Add a device as an I/O slave</li><li>Add a device as a DMA master</li></ul><h2 id=add-an-i-o-slave-device:9fb76d0adca12c8a958f9337edf7602b>Add an I/O slave device</h2><p>The lowRISC chip uses NASTI-Lite (UC Berkeley implementation of AXI-Lite) as the interface for all I/O devices. The data width is 32-bits. Implement the <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/ug761_axi_reference_guide.pdf title="Xilinx AXI Specification">standard AXI4-Lite interface</a> for the new device, and follow these instructions to connect it to the chip:</p><p>First, we assign an address to the new device. To do so, we open src/main/scala/Configs.scala and find the declaration of <code>externalIOAddrMap</code>. We then add the following line to the appropriate location:</p><pre><code class=language-scala>entries += AddrMapEntry(&quot;devicename&quot;, MemSize(size, alignment, MemAttr(AddrMapProt.RW)))
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Extending lowRISC with new devices</h1><p>In this tutorial, we will cover how to</p><ul><li>Add a device as an I/O slave</li><li>Add a device as a DMA master</li></ul><h2 id=add-an-i-o-slave-device:9fb76d0adca12c8a958f9337edf7602b>Add an I/O slave device</h2><p>The lowRISC chip uses NASTI-Lite (UC Berkeley implementation of AXI-Lite) as the interface for all I/O devices. The data width is 32-bits. Implement the <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/ug761_axi_reference_guide.pdf title="Xilinx AXI Specification">standard AXI4-Lite interface</a> for the new device, and follow these instructions to connect it to the chip:</p><p>First, we assign an address to the new device. To do so, we open src/main/scala/Configs.scala and find the declaration of <code>externalIOAddrMap</code>. We then add the following line to the appropriate location:</p><pre><code class=language-scala>entries += AddrMapEntry(&quot;devicename&quot;, MemSize(size, alignment, MemAttr(AddrMapProt.RW)))
 </code></pre><p>Replacing devicename, size, and alignment to values that suit the new device. It may also be necessary to modify MemAttr to another value (such as AddrMapProt.RWX to allow code execution on the address).</p><p>The I/O Crossbar is implemented in SystemVerilog, so we are now finished with the Chisel (Scala) code.</p><p>Next, we can open src/main/verilog/chip_top.sv and instantiate an nasti_channel interface:</p><pre><code class=language-verilog> nasti_channel
      #(
        .ADDR_WIDTH  ( `ROCKET_PADDR_WIDTH       ),
diff --git a/docs/internship-2016/report/index.html b/docs/internship-2016/report/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Technical report from the lowRISC Summer Internship 2016 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Technical report from the lowRISC Summer Internship 2016</h1><p>Friday, 2nd September, 2016</p><p><em>Xuan Guo, Nathanael Davison, Profir-Petru Partachi, Alistair Fisher</em></p><script type=text/javascript src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><script type=text/x-mathjax-config>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Technical report from the lowRISC Summer Internship 2016</h1><p>Friday, 2nd September, 2016</p><p><em>Xuan Guo, Nathanael Davison, Profir-Petru Partachi, Alistair Fisher</em></p><script type=text/javascript src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><script type=text/x-mathjax-config>
 MathJax.Hub.Config({
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diff --git a/docs/internship-2016/video-tutorial/index.html b/docs/internship-2016/video-tutorial/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>End-to-end video decoding tutorial &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>End-to-end video decoding tutorial</h1><h2 id=introduction:777f6ec07f23e8973f731d1ddf7437f1>Introduction</h2><p>The purpose of this tutorial is to give a simple list of steps to decode a single video on a Nexys4 DDR FPGA using lowRISC.</p><p>The extension describes how to use the accelerators.</p><h2 id=step-1-the-generic-lowrisc-setup:777f6ec07f23e8973f731d1ddf7437f1>Step 1: The Generic lowRISC setup</h2><p>Start by cloning our version of the lowRISC repository and running the typical set up commands:</p><pre><code>git clone https://github.com/nbdd0121/lowrisc-chip.git
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>End-to-end video decoding tutorial</h1><h2 id=introduction:777f6ec07f23e8973f731d1ddf7437f1>Introduction</h2><p>The purpose of this tutorial is to give a simple list of steps to decode a single video on a Nexys4 DDR FPGA using lowRISC.</p><p>The extension describes how to use the accelerators.</p><h2 id=step-1-the-generic-lowrisc-setup:777f6ec07f23e8973f731d1ddf7437f1>Step 1: The Generic lowRISC setup</h2><p>Start by cloning our version of the lowRISC repository and running the typical set up commands:</p><pre><code>git clone https://github.com/nbdd0121/lowrisc-chip.git
 cd lowrisc-chip
 git checkout vga
 ./setup_env.sh
diff --git a/docs/introduction-to-development/index.html b/docs/introduction-to-development/index.html
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--- a/docs/introduction-to-development/index.html
+++ b/docs/introduction-to-development/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introduction to Development &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Introduction to Development</h1><h2 id=introduction-to-development:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Introduction to Development</h2><p>This project uses Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) manufacturered by Xilinx as the underlying technology. These devices are manufacturered in large volumes, hence are relatively inexpensive, but the overhead of programmability results in a large area increase and consequent high leakage current, as well as a considerably lower clock rate than mask programmed Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Manufacturers try their best to products as usable as possible, but at the end of the day some of the error messages will not be very comprehensible to non-specialists. The Xilinx software that supports these chips is called Vivado.</p><h3 id=hardware-description-language:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Hardware description language</h3><p>This project incorporates a processor generator that uses Scala, a functional language that incorporates a shallow embedding of hardware concepts. As such it is difficult to predict in advance what size of hardware will be generated until the program runs. Because of the shallow embedding, errors in generation of hardware will frequently not be noticed until much later. For this reason it is advisable to run a test suite whenever the Scala description changes.</p><p>The remainder of the project uses a mixture of System Verilog and (legacy) Verilog. In the subset of this language that makes sense in hardware, there is more or less a one-to-one correspondence between what is written and the hardware generated.</p><h3 id=simulation-of-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Simulation of the hardware description</h3><p>Vivado from Xilinx incorporates a form of simulation built in. It has a number of limitations. Essentially each flip-flop in the design is modelled by a memory location and all paths that change after an event will get updated one by one. Naturally this is very slow on a large hardware simulation.</p><h3 id=emulation-of-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Emulation of the hardware description</h3><p>Within certain limitations, the main one being clock frequency, the FPGA allows behaviour very close to the real ASIC to be modelled. Since the configuration of the FPGA is held in RAM, as well as its datapath contents, the probably of an upset is increased. Typically a power line glitch or cosmic ray event or background radioactivity will cause this. Nevertheless it is entirely possible for an emulation to run for days without any observable glitches. This is invaluable for generating test coverage for the expensive process of masking an ASIC.</p><h3 id=mask-making-from-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Mask making from the hardware description</h3><p>A number of options exist, the most ambitious being a full mask set for all transistors and metallisation, usually measured in tens of millions of dollars. A halfway house is a sea-of-gates, where the transistors are kept the same and only the metallisation is changed. This kind of option is appropriate where the expected sales are a million plus. A cheaper option for prototyping is the multi-project wafer, where unrelated projects share a reticule at a saving in mask making costs, but a considerable increase in unit costs, as most of the wafer must be discarded for each given customer.</p><h2 id=development-process:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Development process</h2><p>It is apparent that the emulation phase of the development process is extremely important before any money should be spent on engineering the solution further. For certain applications the requirement for flexibility overrides the lower clock rate and in such cases (for example reconfigurable computing cards), the bulk of the development work involves optimising the design to make the most of the FPGA resources.</p><p>For this project the development problem is a classic one, combining a CPU with caches, dynamic memory, ROM and peripherals to produce a usable computer.</p><h2 id=continue-the-process-below:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Continue the process below:</h2><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/overview/>Overview of the Refresh system</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Introduction to Development</h1><h2 id=introduction-to-development:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Introduction to Development</h2><p>This project uses Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA) manufacturered by Xilinx as the underlying technology. These devices are manufacturered in large volumes, hence are relatively inexpensive, but the overhead of programmability results in a large area increase and consequent high leakage current, as well as a considerably lower clock rate than mask programmed Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Manufacturers try their best to products as usable as possible, but at the end of the day some of the error messages will not be very comprehensible to non-specialists. The Xilinx software that supports these chips is called Vivado.</p><h3 id=hardware-description-language:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Hardware description language</h3><p>This project incorporates a processor generator that uses Scala, a functional language that incorporates a shallow embedding of hardware concepts. As such it is difficult to predict in advance what size of hardware will be generated until the program runs. Because of the shallow embedding, errors in generation of hardware will frequently not be noticed until much later. For this reason it is advisable to run a test suite whenever the Scala description changes.</p><p>The remainder of the project uses a mixture of System Verilog and (legacy) Verilog. In the subset of this language that makes sense in hardware, there is more or less a one-to-one correspondence between what is written and the hardware generated.</p><h3 id=simulation-of-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Simulation of the hardware description</h3><p>Vivado from Xilinx incorporates a form of simulation built in. It has a number of limitations. Essentially each flip-flop in the design is modelled by a memory location and all paths that change after an event will get updated one by one. Naturally this is very slow on a large hardware simulation.</p><h3 id=emulation-of-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Emulation of the hardware description</h3><p>Within certain limitations, the main one being clock frequency, the FPGA allows behaviour very close to the real ASIC to be modelled. Since the configuration of the FPGA is held in RAM, as well as its datapath contents, the probably of an upset is increased. Typically a power line glitch or cosmic ray event or background radioactivity will cause this. Nevertheless it is entirely possible for an emulation to run for days without any observable glitches. This is invaluable for generating test coverage for the expensive process of masking an ASIC.</p><h3 id=mask-making-from-the-hardware-description:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Mask making from the hardware description</h3><p>A number of options exist, the most ambitious being a full mask set for all transistors and metallisation, usually measured in tens of millions of dollars. A halfway house is a sea-of-gates, where the transistors are kept the same and only the metallisation is changed. This kind of option is appropriate where the expected sales are a million plus. A cheaper option for prototyping is the multi-project wafer, where unrelated projects share a reticule at a saving in mask making costs, but a considerable increase in unit costs, as most of the wafer must be discarded for each given customer.</p><h2 id=development-process:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Development process</h2><p>It is apparent that the emulation phase of the development process is extremely important before any money should be spent on engineering the solution further. For certain applications the requirement for flexibility overrides the lower clock rate and in such cases (for example reconfigurable computing cards), the bulk of the development work involves optimising the design to make the most of the FPGA resources.</p><p>For this project the development problem is a classic one, combining a CPU with caches, dynamic memory, ROM and peripherals to produce a usable computer.</p><h2 id=continue-the-process-below:26a4d2dd473a5f2033677ac9a2952128>Continue the process below:</h2><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/overview/>Overview of the Refresh system</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/jtag/index.html b/docs/jtag/index.html
index 8ac1b550..bf664585 100644
--- a/docs/jtag/index.html
+++ b/docs/jtag/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Refresh internals &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Refresh internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces refresh debugging and compressed instructions, allowing upstream debian Linux distribution to be used.</p><h2 id=rtl-changes:0d68dae554c1f78133b40bb136574e92>RTL changes</h2><p>The JTAG uses Xilinx built-in instruction register of 6 bits and available user data registers.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Refresh internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces refresh debugging and compressed instructions, allowing upstream debian Linux distribution to be used.</p><h2 id=rtl-changes:0d68dae554c1f78133b40bb136574e92>RTL changes</h2><p>The JTAG uses Xilinx built-in instruction register of 6 bits and available user data registers.
 These data register numbers deviate from the RISC-V specification but otherwise conforms to the Berkeley Rocket standard.
 This deviation eliminates the requirement for separate hardware to implement the debug interface and keeps costs low,
 allowing the same board (Nexys4DDR) as previously to be used.
diff --git a/docs/linux-kernel-build/index.html b/docs/linux-kernel-build/index.html
index 8f4b3d9b..6890ef74 100644
--- a/docs/linux-kernel-build/index.html
+++ b/docs/linux-kernel-build/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Linux kernel build step &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Linux kernel build step</h1><h2 id=what-s-this-all-about:0592055f087b3931d97cea733a6d1cba>What&rsquo;s this all about?</h2><p>Most of the support for RISCV specific development has taken place on very new versions of Linux.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Linux kernel build step</h1><h2 id=what-s-this-all-about:0592055f087b3931d97cea733a6d1cba>What&rsquo;s this all about?</h2><p>Most of the support for RISCV specific development has taken place on very new versions of Linux.
 A fully generic kernel is hard to achieve given all the possible scenarios
 where RISCV could be used. Nevertheless certain helperss are assumed to be
 always available which simplify matters:</p><ol><li>The Kernel entry address is 0x80200000</li><li>Berkeley boot loader (BBL) handles the initial console output using it&rsquo;s SBI interface</li><li>A device tree blob (DTB) is passed to Linux to enable it to decide which devices to enable. This blob is analogous to the BIOS settings in a traditional PC.</li></ol><p>In addition an initial root filing system is needed to allow site specific
diff --git a/docs/lowrisc-releases/index.html b/docs/lowrisc-releases/index.html
index 2ce498a1..52700640 100644
--- a/docs/lowrisc-releases/index.html
+++ b/docs/lowrisc-releases/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Releases &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Releases</h1><ul><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>lowRISC with run/step debugging via JTAG and GDB</a><br><em>Release version 0.6, released October 2018</em><br>This release updates the Rocket IP to March 2018 and includes compressed instructions and JTAG debugging conforming to the RISCV Debug Specification with custom JTAG DTM (see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/jtag/>JTAG internals</a> for details). The root filing system is updated to use the mostly upstreamed Debian repository and the peripheral data path widths are increased to 64-bits for better performance.</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>lowRISC with 100MHz Ethernet and Network filing system access</a><br><em>Release version 0.5, 01-2018</em><br>This preview release provides a complete Ethernet reference design, tools, and NFS root capability.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Releases</h1><ul><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>lowRISC with run/step debugging via JTAG and GDB</a><br><em>Release version 0.6, released October 2018</em><br>This release updates the Rocket IP to March 2018 and includes compressed instructions and JTAG debugging conforming to the RISCV Debug Specification with custom JTAG DTM (see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/jtag/>JTAG internals</a> for details). The root filing system is updated to use the mostly upstreamed Debian repository and the peripheral data path widths are increased to 64-bits for better performance.</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>lowRISC with 100MHz Ethernet and Network filing system access</a><br><em>Release version 0.5, 01-2018</em><br>This preview release provides a complete Ethernet reference design, tools, and NFS root capability.
 This includes the ability to arp, ping, ssh client and server, mount remote NFS disks, and run a full multi-user system (within the available RAM and FPGA CPU performance limitations)
 The SD-card interface is promoted to a Rocket peripheral to boost performance.
 The human interface (keyboard and VGA compatible text display) are integrated as the default Rocket console.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 Cores in the original Rocket chip relies on a companion processor to access I/O devices.
 This release repalce this companion core with actual FPGA peripherals.
 A <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/>tutorial</a> explains how to use this code release and explains the underlying structural changes.</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>lowRISC with tagged memory</a><br><em>Release version 0.1, 04-2015</em><br>A code release builds on the Rocket RISC-V implementation to offer
-support for tagged memory (see the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>release blog post</a>). We&rsquo;ve put together an
+support for tagged memory (see the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>release blog post</a>). We&rsquo;ve put together an
 <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>extensive tutorial</a> on how to use this
 code release as well as documenting many of the changes made.</p></li></ul><h2 id=memos:049ce412ec6ba1901ed79bc948ee1c38>Memos</h2><p>Our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>first memo</a> describes our
 plans for tagged memory and minion cores in lowRISC.</p><h2 id=other:049ce412ec6ba1901ed79bc948ee1c38>Other</h2><p>Over the summer of 2016 we hosted a group of interns, kindly sponsored by <a href=http://www.imc.nl>IMC
diff --git a/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/index.html b/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/index.html
index 9aee0a91..e70f413b 100644
--- a/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/index.html
+++ b/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tagged memory and minion cores in the lowRISC SoC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory and minion cores in the lowRISC SoC</h1><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/downloads/lowRISC-memo-2014-001.pdf><img src=lowRISC-memo-2014-001-pdf.png alt></a></p><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/downloads/lowRISC-memo-2014-001.pdf>Download PDF</a></p><p>This document describes our current thinking on two aspects of the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org>lowRISC</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory and minion cores in the lowRISC SoC</h1><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/downloads/lowRISC-memo-2014-001.pdf><img src=lowRISC-memo-2014-001-pdf.png alt></a></p><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/downloads/lowRISC-memo-2014-001.pdf>Download PDF</a></p><p>This document describes our current thinking on two aspects of the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org>lowRISC</a>
 SoC, namely tagged memory and &lsquo;minion&rsquo; cores usable for I/O and other tasks.
 We are sharing it at this early stage in the spirit of &ldquo;release early,
 release often&rdquo; and to benefit from input and ideas from the wider community.</p><p>Please post any comments or questions either in the discussion thread below,
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/environment/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/environment/index.html
index a49e0945..2648c34c 100644
--- a/docs/minion-v0.4/environment/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Prepare the environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
 found that
 Vivado (the Xilinx FPGA implementation suite) <a href=https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/54242.html>is particular about the O/S</a></p><p>All builds were completed with Vivado 2015.4. If a newer version is attempted there could be script incompatibilities to fix and/or incompatible upgrades to internal Xilinx IP. We have no evidence that newer versions do not work, however IP changes to support newer chip families can cause obscure error messages which are offputting for the first-time user.</p><p>For this version the recommended O/S 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS). However, this is not stable on newer Intel chip sets, where 16.04 LTS should be used instead. If an unstable choice is made, the most likely result is LD_LIBRARY_PATH conflicts and/or synthesis crashes. It should be safe to unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH in your shell. This will prevent conflicts with the obsolete libstc++ build-in to Vivado.</p><p>Everything except using the FPGA boards should also work
 out-of-box in a virtual machine.</p><p>The following instructions are identical to the previous release, apart from the release name.
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/fpga/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/fpga/index.html
index 1ce5dd09..b54c1ca4 100644
--- a/docs/minion-v0.4/fpga/index.html
+++ b/docs/minion-v0.4/fpga/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running on the FPGA &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running on the FPGA</h1><p>In this final step, we want to test the debug functionality on an FPGA board.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running on the FPGA</h1><p>In this final step, we want to test the debug functionality on an FPGA board.
 The debug system will use the UART connection at 12 MBaud to communicate with
 the debug system.</p><h2 id=run-the-pre-built-fpga-demo:d5407b76a51174fceb545bed7aa1d4ed>Run the pre-built FPGA demo</h2><p>The files you may need:</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/minion-v0.4-rc1/chip_top.bit>chip_top.bit</a>:
 The tagpipe/minion/debug enabled FPGA bitstream</li><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip/releases/download/minion-v0.4-rc1/boot.bin>boot.bin</a>:
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/index.html
index b7f1726a..e3cd24f3 100644
--- a/docs/minion-v0.4/index.html
+++ b/docs/minion-v0.4/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tutorial for the v0.4 lowRISC release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.4 lowRISC release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt, Wei Song and Alex Bradbury</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.4</strong> (06-2017)</p><h2 id=introduction:49bc424697029f1ef8952426e2a61b0e>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.4 lowRISC release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt, Wei Song and Alex Bradbury</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.4</strong> (06-2017)</p><h2 id=introduction:49bc424697029f1ef8952426e2a61b0e>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume. We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V
 team at UC Berkeley. We will produce a SoC design to populate a
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/installtools/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/installtools/index.html
index 4143a95b..07efb61b 100644
--- a/docs/minion-v0.4/installtools/index.html
+++ b/docs/minion-v0.4/installtools/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Install FPGA and simulation tools &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install FPGA and simulation tools</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install FPGA and simulation tools</h1><p>This part is identical to the previous tutorial, simply perform those
 steps:</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>Install Xilinx Vivado</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>Install Verilator</a></li></ul><p>The above procedure may change your LD_LIBRARY_PATH to an older version of libraries than some systems expect. If this
 happens, you may get a message such as:</p><ul><li>awk: symbol lookup error: awk: undefined symbol: mpfr_z_sub</li></ul><p>A work-around is to manually execute <code>unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> afterwards before installing the cross-compiler.</p><p>Follow these instructions <em>(caution: from a previous release)</em> and then use the browser back button:</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/riscv_compile/>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/index.html
index f4eda082..12699253 100644
--- a/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/index.html
+++ b/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Minion internals &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Minion internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces Minion cores, allowing I/O tasks to be offloaded from the Rocket. This goal is important because it provides a flexible platform to allow new and unusual devices to be supported.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC Minion internals</h1><p>This lowRISC release introduces Minion cores, allowing I/O tasks to be offloaded from the Rocket. This goal is important because it provides a flexible platform to allow new and unusual devices to be supported.
 <a href=http://www.pulp-platform.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/datasheet.pdf>From Chapter 3: extract from Pulpino databook</a></p><p style=text-align:center><img src=../figures/pulpino.png alt=Drawing style="width:800px;padding:20px 0"></p><p style="text-align:center;style=bold">RISCV core overview from Pulpino databook</p><p>The Pulpino as delivered from ETH Zurich is a complete microcontroller, and as such is too large to support our FPGA platform. AXI-compatible busses and peripherals increase the size by 2-3 times. Consequently the decision was taken to only use the core of the previous system, now combined with some key new peripherals:</p><ul><li>Program RAM (64K, tightly coupled)</li><li>Data RAM (64K, tightly coupled)</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Program RAM</td><td><code>0x00000000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>Boot program</td><td>The initial bootstrap program that can talk to the Rocket</td></tr><tr><td>Data RAM</td><td><code>0x00100000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>Bitstream</td><td>Any static data the bootstrap program might need</td></tr><tr><td>UART control</td><td><code>0x00200000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The UART can only be used if a separate POD interface is purchased</td></tr><tr><td>UART status</td><td><code>0x00300000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>&ldquo;</td></tr><tr><td>SD RX FIFO</td><td><code>0x00400000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>SD-card data will be received via this FIFO</td></tr><tr><td>SD TX FIFO/stat</td><td><code>0x00500000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>SD-card data will be pre-loaded via this FIFO before a transaction</td></tr><tr><td>SD control/stat</td><td><code>0x00600000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card IO subsystem is controlled via these registers</td></tr><tr><td>LED ctrl/DIP sw</td><td><code>0x00700000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>Write to LED and/or read from DIP switches</td></tr><tr><td>Shared memory</td><td><code>0x00800000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>An 8K byte window that can be read/written by Minion and Rocket</td></tr><tr><td>Keyboard intf</td><td><code>0x00900000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The PS/2 keyboard may be polled or read at this address</td></tr><tr><td>VGA text buffer</td><td><code>0x00A00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The least significant byte in each 32-bit word is usable</td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00B00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00C00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00D00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00E00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Reserved</td><td><code>0x00F00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>To prevent problems with speculative pre-fetching, no auto incrementing on peripherals is supported. Therefore an I/O address must be written
 to before it will yield its first item of data. Although I/O addresses are described as R/W, to save unnecessary hardware, most will
 not read back what was written.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>UART transmit</td><td><code>0x00200000</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>Add a byte to the UART transmit FIFO (2K entries)</td></tr><tr><td>UART baud rate</td><td>`0x00200004</td><td>Write</td><td>87</td><td>The UART baud rate is dependent on the overall system clock (20MHz)</td></tr><tr><td>UART advance FIFO</td><td><code>0x00300000</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The UART receive FIFO advances when this register is written to</td></tr><tr><td>UART status</td><td><code>0x00300000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>&ldquo;</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The built-in UART (only accessible via extra PMOD device), uses a simple protocol. Only the receive side is buffered in this version. Majority voting is implemented to reduce the impact of noise in the environment.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Key FIFO status</td><td><code>0x00900000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The PS/2 keyboard may be polled or read at this address</td></tr><tr><td>Key FIFO output</td><td><code>0x00900000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The PS/2 keyboard may be polled or read at this address</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The keyboard FIFO has a 512 word buffer on input, and returns the scan code as its LSB, ASCII representation (British keyboards only), as MSB. The conversion to international alphabets may be done under Linux using its usual facilities. No provision to overwrite the code page is provided in this release, though it would be trivial to implement in hardware. The status output gives the number of keys pending and other FIFO information (see minion_soc.sv). Writing an arbitrary value to this address advances the FIFO to the next character.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>VGA text buffer</td><td><code>0x00A00000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The least significant byte in each 32-bit word is usable</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The VGA compatible text display is straightforward in operation. No facility for hardware scrolling is offered, the font is a fixed ASCII-font without non-Roman support. No support for overwriting the font is provided though again, it would be trivial in hardware. The output is a fixed 1024x768 at 75Hz. The buffer is a fixed 16K bytes with a 64K memory map, of which only the LSB is used.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Shared memory</td><td><code>0x00800000</code></td><td>Read/Write</td><td>zero</td><td>An 8K byte window that can be read/written by Minion and Rocket</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The shared memory is 8K bytes, operated as 32-bit quantities on both sides of the interface. No provision for collision detection or interrupts is included in this release. The shared memory appears as an extension to the block memory of the Rocket, consequently it starts at 0x40010000 with the standard Chisel memory map. No detection of the presence of the shared memory is made by the Boot ROM, consequently to detect the presence of the Minion</p><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Address</th><th>Operation</th><th>Reset value</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>SD rx current FIFO</td><td><code>0x00400000</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD receive FIFO returns its top item when this register is read</td></tr><tr><td>SD rx advance FIFO</td><td><code>0x00400000</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD receive FIFO advances when this register is written to</td></tr><tr><td>SD rx status</td><td><code>0x00500000</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card status is returned (legacy location)</td></tr><tr><td>SD tx load FIFO</td><td><code>0x00500000</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD transmit FIFO receives data when this register is written to</td></tr><tr><td>SD align reg</td><td><code>0x00600000</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>Sector align register (not currently used)</td></tr><tr><td>SD clock din</td><td><code>0x00600004</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The data input pin for the SD-clk divider protocol</td></tr><tr><td>SD argument</td><td><code>0x00600008</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card command argument (such as sector offset for reads)</td></tr><tr><td>SD command</td><td><code>0x0060000C</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card command number (such as reset/inquire/read/write)</td></tr><tr><td>SD setting</td><td><code>0x00600010</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card setting (short/long/with data/read/write)</td></tr><tr><td>SD start</td><td><code>0x00600014</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card command start register</td></tr><tr><td>SD reset</td><td><code>0x00600018</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card reset control (clock, data or command)</td></tr><tr><td>SD blkcnt</td><td><code>0x0060001C</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card number of blocks (currently ignored)</td></tr><tr><td>SD blksize</td><td><code>0x00600020</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card block size (must be 512 except for inquiry commands)</td></tr><tr><td>SD timeout</td><td><code>0x00600024</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card timeout for command and data responses (in clocks)</td></tr><tr><td>SD clock crtl</td><td><code>0x00600028</code></td><td>Write</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card clock divider control register (not supported in s/w)</td></tr><tr><td>SD resp[38:7]</td><td><code>0x00600000</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card response register</td></tr><tr><td>SD resp[70:39]</td><td><code>0x00600004</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card response register</td></tr><tr><td>SD resp[102:71]</td><td><code>0x00600008</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card response register</td></tr><tr><td>SD resp[133:103]</td><td><code>0x0060000C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card response register</td></tr><tr><td>SD cmd wait</td><td><code>0x00600010</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card actual waiting time for the last command</td></tr><tr><td>SD status</td><td><code>0x00600014</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card FIFO and state-machine status</td></tr><tr><td>SD packet[31:0]</td><td><code>0x00600018</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card last command packet sent (including CRC)</td></tr><tr><td>SD packet[47:32]</td><td><code>0x0060001C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card last command packet sent (including CRC)</td></tr><tr><td>SD data wait</td><td><code>0x00600020</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card actual waiting time for the last data transfer</td></tr><tr><td>SD transf cnt</td><td><code>0x00600024</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card number of 32-bit words transferred in a transaction</td></tr><tr><td>SD rx FIFO stat</td><td><code>0x00600028</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card receive FIFO status</td></tr><tr><td>SD tx FIFO stat</td><td><code>0x0060002C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card transmit FIFO status</td></tr><tr><td>SD card detect</td><td><code>0x00600030</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card present status</td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00600034</code></td><td>Read</td><td><code>0xDEADBEEF</code></td><td>Unused</td></tr><tr><td>N/A</td><td><code>0x00600038</code></td><td>Read</td><td><code>0xDEADBEEF</code></td><td>Unused</td></tr><tr><td>SD clock dout</td><td><code>0x0060003C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card clock divider response register (not supported in s/w)</td></tr><tr><td>SD align reg</td><td><code>0x00600040</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed alignment register readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD clock din</td><td><code>0x00600044</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed clock divider data input readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD argument</td><td><code>0x00600048</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed argument readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD command</td><td><code>0x0060004C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed command readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD setting</td><td><code>0x00600050</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed setting readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD start</td><td><code>0x00600054</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed start readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD reset</td><td><code>0x00600058</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed reset readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD blkcnt</td><td><code>0x0060005C</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed block count readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD blksize</td><td><code>0x00600060</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed block size readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD timeout</td><td><code>0x00600064</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed timeout readback</td></tr><tr><td>SD clock ctrl</td><td><code>0x00600068</code></td><td>Read</td><td>zero</td><td>The SD-card delayed clock control readback</td></tr></tbody></table><p style=text-align:center><img src=../figures/minion.png alt=Drawing style="width:800px;padding:20px 0"></p><p style="text-align:center;style=bold">Minion core connectivity</p><p>For details of the SD-protocol, it may be helpful (caution: redacted information) to refer to the SD-association website.</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/pdf/index.php?p=Part_1_Physical_Layer_Simplified_Specification_Ver6.00.jpg&amp;f=Part_1_Physical_Layer_Simplified_Specification_Ver6.00.pdf&amp;e=EN_SS1">SD-card association simplified specifications</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/overview/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/overview/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Overview of the minion infrastructure &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the minion infrastructure</h1><p>As part of the lowRISC project we are exploring how simple processors (<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>minions</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the minion infrastructure</h1><p>As part of the lowRISC project we are exploring how simple processors (<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>minions</a>
 can help define an SoC&rsquo;s functionality including some I/O interfaces.
 We invisage tailoring these cores depending on where they are used and also providing
 a thin layer of additional logic to help interface between the core and the signals
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/release/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/release/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Release notes &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:7fae85dd67d0cc5ad7132004bd1968db>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Add tag cache and improved security features.</li></ul></li><li>Software environment<ul><li>Most of the previous bare-metal program functionality integrated into one 64K executable</li><li>Implement 4-bit read/write SD-mode access to memory cards in Linux.</li><li>Console output appears on serial port and VGA screen in parallel.</li><li>Bare metal booting kernel in 4-bit SD-mode supported.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>Add Minion core (Pulpino based) to control SD-card, keyboard, and VGA display.</li><li>Standalone operation (without personal computer) possible.</li><li>VGA-compatible text display.</li><li>USB-keyboard (PS/2 compatible)</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Add cfgmem and program-cfgmem targets to fpga Makefile.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous<ul><li>Bitstream configuration from SD-card is no longer convenient.</li><li>Quad SPI memory execute-in-place is missing from initial demo images.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:7fae85dd67d0cc5ad7132004bd1968db>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:7fae85dd67d0cc5ad7132004bd1968db>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Add tag cache and improved security features.</li></ul></li><li>Software environment<ul><li>Most of the previous bare-metal program functionality integrated into one 64K executable</li><li>Implement 4-bit read/write SD-mode access to memory cards in Linux.</li><li>Console output appears on serial port and VGA screen in parallel.</li><li>Bare metal booting kernel in 4-bit SD-mode supported.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>Add Minion core (Pulpino based) to control SD-card, keyboard, and VGA display.</li><li>Standalone operation (without personal computer) possible.</li><li>VGA-compatible text display.</li><li>USB-keyboard (PS/2 compatible)</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Add cfgmem and program-cfgmem targets to fpga Makefile.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous<ul><li>Bitstream configuration from SD-card is no longer convenient.</li><li>Quad SPI memory execute-in-place is missing from initial demo images.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:7fae85dd67d0cc5ad7132004bd1968db>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_cache/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_cache/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Hierarchical tag cache &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Hierarchical tag cache</h1><script type=text/javascript src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><h2 id=motivation:2b993a3d5d21182a81e4676a76e56f19>Motivation</h2><p>The tagged memory mechanism augments each data word in memory with a small
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Hierarchical tag cache</h1><script type=text/javascript src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><h2 id=motivation:2b993a3d5d21182a81e4676a76e56f19>Motivation</h2><p>The tagged memory mechanism augments each data word in memory with a small
 piece of extra metadata, a <em>tag</em>.
 A separate area in high memory is dedicated to the tags, which is hidden to software.
 As a result, each memory access to the memory is converted into two separate accesses,
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_core/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_core/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tag support in the Rocket core &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tag support in the Rocket core</h1><h3 id=motivation:3e886b93ba9ea6d392a0818503a1d77f>Motivation</h3><p>In our previous <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/>tagged-memory release</a>,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tag support in the Rocket core</h1><h3 id=motivation:3e886b93ba9ea6d392a0818503a1d77f>Motivation</h3><p>In our previous <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/>tagged-memory release</a>,
 special instructions are added to read and write tags for words in memory.
 However, there is no easy way to use tags in checking anomalies,
 such as protecting the return address from being altered on stack (important for protection against control-flow hijacking)
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_lowrisc/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_lowrisc/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tagged memory developments &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory developments</h1><p>This lowRISC release brings back support for tagged memory in our
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory developments</h1><p>This lowRISC release brings back support for tagged memory in our
 Rocket-derived codebase, redesigning and further optimising a number of
 aspects. The diagram below shows how Rocket-chip was extended to support
 tagged memory. Built-in tag manipulation and check functions are integrated
diff --git a/docs/minion-v0.4/walkthrough/index.html b/docs/minion-v0.4/walkthrough/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Debug walkthrough &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug walkthrough</h1><p>This tutorial should be followed by those who are not familiar with the previous
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Debug walkthrough</h1><p>This tutorial should be followed by those who are not familiar with the previous
 version of the lowRISC. All the same facilities as the debug-v0.3 release are available.
 For more details, consult <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/simulation/>debug enumeration and the general software usage with the RTL simulation</a>, and <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/>example debug sessions</a>.</p><p>The FPGA example has changed however, due to the Minion being intimately involved in booting.
 Consult the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/fpga/>FPGA example</a>, which is
diff --git a/docs/other/dpi/index.html b/docs/other/dpi/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Suggestions for using DPI with Verilator &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Suggestions for using DPI with Verilator</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em> (15-Jan-2016)</p><p>The SystemVerilog Dirtect Programming Interface (DPI) is an interface between SystemVerilog and a foreign programming language, especially C/C++. It allows a SystemVerilog process to call a function/task implmented in C through DPI and also allows SystemVerilog to expose its function/task for C programs to use.</p><p>Compared with all other methods such as PLI/VPI and SystemC, DPI is the most light-weighted and supported by almost all major simulators (VCS, NCSim, ModelSim, Xilinx ISim and Verilator) but not sure about Icarus Verilog. It is basically a calling interface that allow Verilog to call C functions and C functions can read arguments from Verilog in a natural way.</p><p>The DPI standard is defined in Chapter 35 of the IEEE Standard 1800™-2012 SystemVerilog LRM which can be downloaded free of charge at <a href=http://standards.ieee.org/getieee/1800/download/1800-2012.pdf>http://standards.ieee.org/getieee/1800/download/1800-2012.pdf</a>.</p><p>There is also a useful <a href=https://www.doulos.com/knowhow/sysverilog/tutorial/dpi/>tutorial</a> from Doulos with actual examples.</p><p>Verilator implements only a part of the DPI standard but should be enough for most use cases.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Suggestions for using DPI with Verilator</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em> (15-Jan-2016)</p><p>The SystemVerilog Dirtect Programming Interface (DPI) is an interface between SystemVerilog and a foreign programming language, especially C/C++. It allows a SystemVerilog process to call a function/task implmented in C through DPI and also allows SystemVerilog to expose its function/task for C programs to use.</p><p>Compared with all other methods such as PLI/VPI and SystemC, DPI is the most light-weighted and supported by almost all major simulators (VCS, NCSim, ModelSim, Xilinx ISim and Verilator) but not sure about Icarus Verilog. It is basically a calling interface that allow Verilog to call C functions and C functions can read arguments from Verilog in a natural way.</p><p>The DPI standard is defined in Chapter 35 of the IEEE Standard 1800™-2012 SystemVerilog LRM which can be downloaded free of charge at <a href=http://standards.ieee.org/getieee/1800/download/1800-2012.pdf>http://standards.ieee.org/getieee/1800/download/1800-2012.pdf</a>.</p><p>There is also a useful <a href=https://www.doulos.com/knowhow/sysverilog/tutorial/dpi/>tutorial</a> from Doulos with actual examples.</p><p>Verilator implements only a part of the DPI standard but should be enough for most use cases.
 A compact description of DPI in Verilator can be found <a href=http://www.veripool.org/wiki/verilator/Manual-verilator/#direct_programming_interface__dpi_>here</a>.</p><p>The following is a list of suggestons for using DPI in Verilator:</p><h4 id=avoid-using-dpi-tasks:02c6ea04a5875ad4e506e85dc4959b61>Avoid using DPI tasks</h4><p>Verilator simulates synthesizable Verilog designs so the support of tasks is nearly non-existed. If a task does not incur delay, it is equivalent to a function and then it should be declared as a function. Furthermore, using a DPI task to access Verilog simulation events needs to access the Verilog scope, which is still problematic. So using DPI tasks should be totally avoided. Even using Verilog tasks in Verilator is not recommended.</p><h4 id=avoid-accessing-verilog-variables-in-the-function-body:02c6ea04a5875ad4e506e85dc4959b61>Avoid accessing Verilog variables in the function body</h4><p>Value transferring between Verilog and C/C++ should use the function argument list and the return value only. Also all arguments should be input rather than output or reference.
 Any extra accesses to Verilog variables inside the function body need to access the Verilog scope, which is still problematic and, therefore, should be avoided.</p><p><em>Currently we have not found a stable method to initiate this Verilog scope in Verilator. If anyone knows how, please send an example to us, many thanks.</em></p><h4 id=do-not-use-logic-reg-wire-but-bit:02c6ea04a5875ad4e506e85dc4959b61>Do not use logic/reg/wire but bit</h4><p>Verilator currently does not support 4-state values for DPI, so use 2-state values instead.</p><h4 id=be-careful-with-impure-functions:02c6ea04a5875ad4e506e85dc4959b61>Be careful with impure functions</h4><p>By default Verilator considers DPI functions as pure (no internal state and no side-effect) which allows Verilator to schedule functions freely.
 This may generated extra calls to DPI functions which are non-existed in other simulators.
diff --git a/docs/overview/index.html b/docs/overview/index.html
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--- a/docs/overview/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Overview of the Refresh system &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the Refresh system</h1><p><a name=figure-overview></a><img src=figures/lowRISC_tag.png alt=Drawing style="width:600px;padding:20px 0"></p><h2 id=pre-defined-design-constraints:f3b56000093113bd3bfb6c9c05e7e945>Pre-defined Design constraints</h2><p>Our goal of supporting the same FPGA board as the previous release
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the Refresh system</h1><p><a name=figure-overview></a><img src=figures/lowRISC_tag.png alt=Drawing style="width:600px;padding:20px 0"></p><h2 id=pre-defined-design-constraints:f3b56000093113bd3bfb6c9c05e7e945>Pre-defined Design constraints</h2><p>Our goal of supporting the same FPGA board as the previous release
 may only be realised with slight changes to the JTAG instruction register length and data register numbers.
 The only software tool impacted is openocd, and this has been patched for this release to allow the alternative
 numbers to be used if Xilinx is detected as the manufacturer ID
diff --git a/docs/prepare-the-environment/index.html b/docs/prepare-the-environment/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Prepare the environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Prepare the environment</h1><p>lowRISC tools and source code are robust between versions of Linux, but it has been
 found that
 Vivado (the Xilinx FPGA implementation suite) <a href=https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/54242.html>is particular about the O/S</a></p><p>All builds were completed with Vivado 2018.1. This was the newest version at the time of writing.
 We have not tried every version but 2015.4 used on the previous releases does not work due to unidentified synthesis bugs in the virtual memory behaviour.
diff --git a/docs/refresh-v0.6/index.html b/docs/refresh-v0.6/index.html
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--- a/docs/refresh-v0.6/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tutorial for the v0.6 lowRISC release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.6 lowRISC release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.6</strong> (10-2018)</p><h2 id=introduction:44f275bc946396407a81e25ecc4a5a81>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tutorial for the v0.6 lowRISC release</h1><p><em>By Jonathan Kimmitt</em> (also see acknowledgements below)</p><p><strong>Release version 0.6</strong> (10-2018)</p><h2 id=introduction:44f275bc946396407a81e25ecc4a5a81>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a secure, flexible, and fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC). We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V team at UC
 Berkeley. This aims to be the ideal starting point for derivative open source
diff --git a/docs/refresh-v0.6/release/index.html b/docs/refresh-v0.6/release/index.html
index 7f04ad3c..a943d867 100644
--- a/docs/refresh-v0.6/release/index.html
+++ b/docs/refresh-v0.6/release/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Release notes &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:52eb06a701583ae47e0844a9acf8696d>Release notes</h3><ul><li><p>Rocket-core (Chisel)</p><ul><li>Updated to March-2018 vintage together with riscv-tools</li><li>Rocket repository hierarchy left unmodified for easier updates</li><li>Compressed instructions and JTAG debugging functional in GDB</li><li>Clock speed doubled from 25MHz to 50MHz to take advantage of improvements<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Software environment</p><ul><li>SD-Card bootloader now uses proper card recognition algorithm</li><li>SD-cards now run at 10MHz corresponding to Rocket speed boost</li><li>Ethernet boot loader supports DHCP and is about ten times faster</li><li>Debian preview release supported with advanced package tool support</li><li>Linux kernel updated to latest RISCV release</li></ul></li><li><p>lowRISC system-on-chip</p><ul><li>Accelerated access to all peripherals using 64-bit busses</li><li>Proper integration of PC-keyboard codes into Linux driver</li><li>Debian dialog friendly VGA text compatible colour console screen</li><li>Eight-packet Ethernet receive buffer and Linux driver NAPI-compliant</li><li>2K-byte buffer on all UART transmit and receive paths<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Design environment</p><ul><li>Updated Vivado synthesis and release to version 2018.1</li><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Minimal Rocket source code changes</li><li>JTAG debug transport adapted to meet Xilinx hardware constraints</li><li>Streamlined build more easily meets design constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Missing from this release vs the previous</p><ul><li>Tag memory system not ported to latest Rocket</li><li>No procedure to build your own userland (Debian download required)</li><li>Trace debugger not ported to latest Rocket</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:52eb06a701583ae47e0844a9acf8696d>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/><strong>Version 0.5</strong>: ethernet multiuser lowRISC (12-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/><strong>Version 0.4</strong>: minion lowRISC (04-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:52eb06a701583ae47e0844a9acf8696d>Release notes</h3><ul><li><p>Rocket-core (Chisel)</p><ul><li>Updated to March-2018 vintage together with riscv-tools</li><li>Rocket repository hierarchy left unmodified for easier updates</li><li>Compressed instructions and JTAG debugging functional in GDB</li><li>Clock speed doubled from 25MHz to 50MHz to take advantage of improvements<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Software environment</p><ul><li>SD-Card bootloader now uses proper card recognition algorithm</li><li>SD-cards now run at 10MHz corresponding to Rocket speed boost</li><li>Ethernet boot loader supports DHCP and is about ten times faster</li><li>Debian preview release supported with advanced package tool support</li><li>Linux kernel updated to latest RISCV release</li></ul></li><li><p>lowRISC system-on-chip</p><ul><li>Accelerated access to all peripherals using 64-bit busses</li><li>Proper integration of PC-keyboard codes into Linux driver</li><li>Debian dialog friendly VGA text compatible colour console screen</li><li>Eight-packet Ethernet receive buffer and Linux driver NAPI-compliant</li><li>2K-byte buffer on all UART transmit and receive paths<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Design environment</p><ul><li>Updated Vivado synthesis and release to version 2018.1</li><li>Updated demo images for NEXYS4-DDR FPGA.</li><li>Minimal Rocket source code changes</li><li>JTAG debug transport adapted to meet Xilinx hardware constraints</li><li>Streamlined build more easily meets design constraints.<br></li></ul></li><li><p>Missing from this release vs the previous</p><ul><li>Tag memory system not ported to latest Rocket</li><li>No procedure to build your own userland (Debian download required)</li><li>Trace debugger not ported to latest Rocket</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:52eb06a701583ae47e0844a9acf8696d>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/release/><strong>Version 0.5</strong>: ethernet multiuser lowRISC (12-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/><strong>Version 0.4</strong>: minion lowRISC (04-2017)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/debug-v0.3/><strong>Version 0.3</strong>: core trace lowRISC (06-2016)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/><strong>Version 0.2</strong>: untethered lowRISC (12-2015)</a></li><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/riscv-qemu-emulation/index.html b/docs/riscv-qemu-emulation/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>RISCV emulation &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>RISCV emulation</h1><p>No pre-build installation images are available for our setup. So we accelerate the bootstrapping process using qemu.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>RISCV emulation</h1><p>No pre-build installation images are available for our setup. So we accelerate the bootstrapping process using qemu.
 This first step builds qemu binary that provides user-space emulation (i.e.
 will execute RISC-V binaries, and intercept Linux syscalls to be handled by
 the host OS). This is in contrast to QEMU&rsquo;s full system emulation mode, which
diff --git a/docs/riscv_compile/index.html b/docs/riscv_compile/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</h1><h3 id=introduction-of-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:aea1aad173fa5d08a6fb3810ab2385f3>Introduction of the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A number of cross-compilation tools are provided in the $TOP/riscv-tools directory:</p><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator (<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a>)</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel that serves system calls on target machine.</li></ul><p>There are four ways to test a program:</p><ul><li>Behavioural simulation: run the program in the RISC-V ISA simulator (Spike).<br>The <code>syscall()</code> interface provided in the original RISC-V proxy kernel is not compatible with the I/O interfaces provided in this release.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</h1><h3 id=introduction-of-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:aea1aad173fa5d08a6fb3810ab2385f3>Introduction of the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A number of cross-compilation tools are provided in the $TOP/riscv-tools directory:</p><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator (<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a>)</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel that serves system calls on target machine.</li></ul><p>There are four ways to test a program:</p><ul><li>Behavioural simulation: run the program in the RISC-V ISA simulator (Spike).<br>The <code>syscall()</code> interface provided in the original RISC-V proxy kernel is not compatible with the I/O interfaces provided in this release.
 Spike can be used to run programs that do not access I/O devices or user mode programs that run inside the RISC-V Linux.</li><li>RTL simulation: simulate the program in Verilator (<code>$Top/vsim/</code>).<br>No I/O devices is available in RTL simulation.</li><li>FPGA simulation: simulate the program using Xilinx ISim (<code>$Top/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/</code>).<br>Behavioural modules for I/O devices are provided by Xilinx IPs; however, host end modules (UART terminal and SD card) are not available.</li><li>FPGA run: actually run the program on an FPGA board (<code>$Top/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/</code>).<br>Full I/O support (UART and SD).</li></ul><p>Programs can be compiled and run in three different modes:</p><ul><li><strong>Bare metal mode</strong>: supervisor programs with no I/O accesses.<br><em>Behavioural simulation and RTL Simulation</em><br>Programs run in this mode have no peripheral support. This mode is used only for ISA and cache regression tests. The return value of a program indicates the result of an ISA test case. 0 is success while none-zero indentifies the No. of the failing case. Programs compiled in this mode would run silently on FPGAs or in FPGA simulations.</li><li><strong>Newlib mode</strong>: supervisor programs with access to I/O devices.<br><em>FPGA simulation and FPGA run</em><br>Programs run in this mode have the full control (supervisor priority) of peripherals (limited in simulation) but are single-threaded. Bootloaders are run in this mode.</li><li><strong>Linux mode</strong>: user programs with Linux support.<br><em>Behavioural simulation and FPGA run</em><br>Programs runs in the RISC-V Linux. They get multi-thread and peripheral support from the Linux kernel.</li></ul><p>Compiling and simulating programs in different modes depends on different tool sets.</p><ul><li><strong>Bare metal mode</strong><ul><li>Behavioural simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <code>riscv-isa-sim</code>; <code>riscv-fesvr</code>.</li><li>RTL simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <code>verilator</code> (built-in)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Newlib (supervisor) mode</strong>:<ul><li>FPGA simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>vivado</a>.</li><li>FPGA run:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>vivado</a>.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Linux (user) mode</strong><ul><li>Behavioural simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib+linux); <code>riscv-isa-sim</code>; <code>riscv-fesvr</code>; <code>riscv-pk</code>; <a href=../linux_compile#linux>vmlinux</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#busybox>root.bin</a>.</li><li>FPGA run:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib+linux); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/xilinx/>vivado</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#linux>vmlinux</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#busybox>root.bin</a>.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=building-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:aea1aad173fa5d08a6fb3810ab2385f3>Building the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A build script is provided to build most of the cross-compilation tools and Spike:</p><pre><code># set up the RISCV environment variables
 cd $TOP/riscv-tools
 ./build.sh
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OS enablement for tagged memory (lowRISC Summer Internship 2017) &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>OS enablement for tagged memory (lowRISC Summer Internship 2017)</h1><p><em>Katherine Lim</em></p><h2 id=project-overview:690c1b1b29c6028e839b62fe98e8623a>Project Overview</h2><p>Tagged memory in lowRISC provides (by default) a 4 bit tag per 8 byte word.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>OS enablement for tagged memory (lowRISC Summer Internship 2017)</h1><p><em>Katherine Lim</em></p><h2 id=project-overview:690c1b1b29c6028e839b62fe98e8623a>Project Overview</h2><p>Tagged memory in lowRISC provides (by default) a 4 bit tag per 8 byte word.
 Policies are set by tagging data/instructions in memory and modifying a 64-bit
 control register called <code>tagctrl</code>. More details about tagged memory can be
 found in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_core/>tagged memory section</a>
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/emulator/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/emulator/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Using the C&#43;&#43; emulator generated by Chisel &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Using the C&#43;&#43; emulator generated by Chisel</h1><p>The Rocket core is written in Chisel. The Chisel compiler is able to generate cycle-accurate C++ simulation models. It is also possible to generate VCD waveform from these to aid debugging.</p><p>To compile the Rocket core into a C++ simulation model:</p><pre><code># requirement: riscv-gnu-toolchain, riscv-fesvr
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Using the C&#43;&#43; emulator generated by Chisel</h1><p>The Rocket core is written in Chisel. The Chisel compiler is able to generate cycle-accurate C++ simulation models. It is also possible to generate VCD waveform from these to aid debugging.</p><p>To compile the Rocket core into a C++ simulation model:</p><pre><code># requirement: riscv-gnu-toolchain, riscv-fesvr
 # set up the RISCV environment variables
 cd $TOP/emulator
 make
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-bootimage/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-bootimage/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Building the boot image from scratch &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Building the boot image from scratch</h1><h2 id=the-build-image-script:48ebbd00bd42f1546af7b694ecdf0195>The build image script</h2><p>You can rebuild most of the boot image from scratch using the
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Building the boot image from scratch</h1><h2 id=the-build-image-script:48ebbd00bd42f1546af7b694ecdf0195>The build image script</h2><p>You can rebuild most of the boot image from scratch using the
 <code>build_image.sh</code> script:</p><pre><code># setup the RISCV environment variables
 # setup the Xilinx environment variables
 cd $TOP/fpga-zynq/zedboard
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-fesvr/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-fesvr/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Building the front-end server &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Building the front-end server</h1><p>The front-end server runs on the ARM side (PS) of the Zynq. It must
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Building the front-end server</h1><p>The front-end server runs on the ARM side (PS) of the Zynq. It must
 be cross-compiled against the Xilinx SDK.</p><p>To compile your own front-end server:</p><pre><code># set up the RISCV environment variables
 # set up the Xilinx environment variables
 cd $TOP/riscv-tools/riscv-fesvr
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/index.html
index 6bec92bd..96f6aa16 100644
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+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Modifying the contents of the RAMdisk &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Modifying the contents of the RAMdisk</h1><p>The contents of the RAMDisk for the ARM Linux (<code>uramdisk.image.gz</code>) can be extracted to a local directory for you to modify:</p><pre><code>make ramdisk-open
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Modifying the contents of the RAMdisk</h1><p>The contents of the RAMDisk for the ARM Linux (<code>uramdisk.image.gz</code>) can be extracted to a local directory for you to modify:</p><pre><code>make ramdisk-open
 </code></pre><p>The RAMDisk is extracted to <code>ramdisk/</code> in <code>fpga-zynq/zedboard</code>. Note
 that the default user in the ARM Linux is root, so use <code>sudo</code> when
 revising the files.</p><p>You can repack the RAMDisk using:</p><pre><code>make ramdisk-close
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga/index.html
index d20cc004..977e63ff 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running tests on the Zedboard FPGA &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running tests on the Zedboard FPGA</h1><h2 id=introduction:8be5b29bcd9c8bce8f95b4fe57d80ebb>Introduction</h2><p>The Berkeley Rocket Chip can be run on various Zynq FPGA
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running tests on the Zedboard FPGA</h1><h2 id=introduction:8be5b29bcd9c8bce8f95b4fe57d80ebb>Introduction</h2><p>The Berkeley Rocket Chip can be run on various Zynq FPGA
 boards. Details of how to do this can be found <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/fpga-zynq>here</a>. For
 convenience, we step through a very similar process and describe
 how to run simple tagged memory tests.</p><p>The <a href=http://zedboard.org/product/zedboard>ZedBoard</a> is a low-cost (~$300-$400) development board
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/future/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/future/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Future work &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Future work</h1><p>This is the first release of the lowRISC chip. It provides simple,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Future work</h1><p>This is the first release of the lowRISC chip. It provides simple,
 but fully functional, support for tagged memory. In the following
 releases, we will provide tag support in the Spike simulator and add
 support for the L2 cache. We will also explore better ISA and core
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC tagged memory tutorial &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC tagged memory tutorial</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.1</strong> (04-2015)</p><h2 id=introduction:fff649ccaa937757b5ab691beafaf3c0>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>lowRISC tagged memory tutorial</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.1</strong> (04-2015)</p><h2 id=introduction:fff649ccaa937757b5ab691beafaf3c0>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume. We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V
 team at UC Berkeley. We will produce a SoC design to populate a
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/new-instructions/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/new-instructions/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Adding HW/SW support for the load and store tag instructions &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Adding HW/SW support for the load and store tag instructions</h1><h3 id=modifying-the-rocket-core:d26b8d303980270865e00384707f55dd>Modifying the Rocket core</h3><p>The Rocket core is described using the <a href=https://chisel.eecs.berkeley.edu/>Chisel</a> hardware
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Adding HW/SW support for the load and store tag instructions</h1><h3 id=modifying-the-rocket-core:d26b8d303980270865e00384707f55dd>Modifying the Rocket core</h3><p>The Rocket core is described using the <a href=https://chisel.eecs.berkeley.edu/>Chisel</a> hardware
 construction language.</p><p>The structure of the key source files is shown below:</p><ul><li><code>src/src/main/scala</code><ul><li><code>LowRISCChip.scala</code> - Top-level connections</li><li><code>Network.scala</code> - The network interconnecting the tiles and coherence managers</li><li><code>PublicConfigs.scala</code> - The configuration parameters</li></ul></li><li><code>rocket/src/main/scala</code><ul><li><code>tile.scala</code> - Top-level for a Rocket tile</li><li><code>core.scala</code> - Top-level for the Rocket core</li><li><code>btb.scala</code> - Branch target buffer</li><li><code>csr.scala</code> - The control and status register file</li><li><code>dpath.scala</code> - Rocket core datapath</li><li><code>icache.scala</code> - L1 instruction cache</li><li><code>instructions.scala</code> - Definition of supported instructions</li><li><code>nbdcache.scala</code> - Non-blocking L1 data cache</li><li><code>ptw.scala</code> - Hardware page table walker</li><li><code>tlb.scala</code> - The translation lookaside buffer (TLB)</li></ul></li><li><code>uncore/src/main/scala</code><ul><li><code>coherence.scala</code> - Definitions of the coherence protocols (MI, MEI, MSI, MESI)</li><li><code>consts.scala</code> - Constant defintions</li><li><code>htif.scala</code> - Host/target interface</li><li><code>tagcache.scala</code> - The tag cache</li><li><code>tilelink.scale</code> - Definition of the TileLink protocol</li><li><code>uncore.scala</code> - Coherence manager</li><li><code>util.scala</code> - Utility functions</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=step-1-instruction-encoding-and-decoding:d26b8d303980270865e00384707f55dd>Step 1. Instruction encoding and decoding</h3><p>The two new instructions, load tag (<code>ltag</code>) and store tag (<code>stag</code>) are encoded
 using the I-type and the S-type instruction formats:</p><p><img src=../figures/inst_def.png alt=Drawing style=width:650px></p><p>The new instruction encodings are added to <code>rocket/src/main/scala/instructions.scala</code>:</p><pre><code>def LTAG = Bits(&quot;b?????????????????000?????1010111&quot;)
 def STAG = Bits(&quot;b?????????????????001?????1010111&quot;)
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-chip/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-chip/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Rocket chip overview &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket chip overview</h1><p>An overview of Berkeley&rsquo;s RISC-V &ldquo;Rocket Chip&rdquo; SoC Generator can be found <a href=https://1nv67s1krw3279i5yp7fko14-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/riscv-rocket-chip-generator-workshop-jan2015.pdf>here</a>.</p><p>A high-level view of the rocket chip is shown below. The design
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket chip overview</h1><p>An overview of Berkeley&rsquo;s RISC-V &ldquo;Rocket Chip&rdquo; SoC Generator can be found <a href=https://1nv67s1krw3279i5yp7fko14-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/riscv-rocket-chip-generator-workshop-jan2015.pdf>here</a>.</p><p>A high-level view of the rocket chip is shown below. The design
 contains multiple Rocket tiles consisting of a Rocket core and L1
 instruction and data caches. Our tagged memory implementation inserts
 a tag cache before the main memory interface. Our tagged memory additions
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-core/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-core/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Rocket core overview &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket core overview</h1><p>The Rocket core is an in-order scalar processor that provides a
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket core overview</h1><p>The Rocket core is an in-order scalar processor that provides a
 5-stage pipeline. It implements the RV64G variant of the RISC-V
 ISA. The Rocket core has one integer ALU and an optional FPU. An
 accelerator or co-processor interface, called RoCC, is also provided.</p><p>Further details of the RISC-V Rocket core pipeline can be found
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/setup/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/setup/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A guide to setting up the development environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A guide to setting up the development environment</h1><h3 id=file-structure-of-the-repository:4eb28af1617d895aef211f7e8adede06>File structure of the repository</h3><p>Our tagged memory tutorial builds upon a forked version of the original Rocket
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A guide to setting up the development environment</h1><h3 id=file-structure-of-the-repository:4eb28af1617d895aef211f7e8adede06>File structure of the repository</h3><p>Our tagged memory tutorial builds upon a forked version of the original Rocket
 chip repository. Its contents are described
 <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip#-whats-in-the-rocket-chip-generator-repository>here</a>
 and summarised below for convenience:</p><ul><li><code>chisel</code>: The <a href=https://chisel.eecs.berkeley.edu/>Chisel</a> compiler used for
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/simulations/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/simulations/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running simulations &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running simulations</h1><p>Programs can be run by first booting RISC-V Linux on the simulator or
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running simulations</h1><p>Programs can be run by first booting RISC-V Linux on the simulator or
 FPGA. Alternatively, they can be run without full OS support either in
 a pure bare metal mode or with the support of the
 <a href=https://sourceware.org/newlib/>newlib</a>
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/spike/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/spike/index.html
index d61dec57..5e17737e 100644
--- a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/spike/index.html
+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/spike/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Running simulations using Spike &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running simulations using Spike</h1><p><a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim>Spike</a> is a RISC-V functional
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Running simulations using Spike</h1><p><a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim>Spike</a> is a RISC-V functional
 ISA simulator. It models a RISC-V core and cache system. Note that our fork
 hasn&rsquo;t currently been modified to include tagged memory support.</p><p>An example hello world program is provided in <code>riscv-tools/hello/</code>:</p><pre><code># set up the RISCV environment variables
 cd $TOP/riscv-tools/hello
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tag-tests/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tag-tests/index.html
index b7d1a93f..5c117f06 100644
--- a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tag-tests/index.html
+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tag-tests/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tagged memory tests &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory tests</h1><p>The original Rocket chip repository provides a thorough test suite for
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory tests</h1><p>The original Rocket chip repository provides a thorough test suite for
 the RISC-V ISA
 (<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-tests/tree/master/isa><code>riscv-tools/riscv-tests/isa</code></a>). All
 tests are written in assembly.</p><p>A new test case is provided in <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-tests/tree/master/isa/rv64si/ltag.S><code>riscv-tools/riscv-tests/isa/rv64si/ltag.S</code></a></p><p>More complicated tests can be found in
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/index.html
index fa5ea57c..65918278 100644
--- a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/index.html
+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/tags/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Tagged memory support &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory support</h1><h2 id=tagged-memory-support:a625193e15aa6143c81c101412243d68>Tagged memory support</h2><p>Tagged memory associates metadata with each memory location and can be
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Tagged memory support</h1><h2 id=tagged-memory-support:a625193e15aa6143c81c101412243d68>Tagged memory support</h2><p>Tagged memory associates metadata with each memory location and can be
 used to implement fine-grained memory access restrictions. Attacks
 which hijack control flow can be prevented by using this protection to
 restrict writes to memory locations containing return addresses,
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-asic-sim/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-asic-sim/index.html
index 5df0ceaa..225a3e7f 100644
--- a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-asic-sim/index.html
+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-asic-sim/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Simulating the Verilog (ASIC target) generated by Chisel &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulating the Verilog (ASIC target) generated by Chisel</h1><p>Here we describe how to simulate the Verilog RTL generated by Chisel
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulating the Verilog (ASIC target) generated by Chisel</h1><p>Here we describe how to simulate the Verilog RTL generated by Chisel
 using the Synopsys VCS tool. We do not currently support alternatives
 to VCS.</p><p>To compile the RTL simulator:</p><pre><code># requirements: riscv-gnu-toolchain, riscv-fesvr
 # set up the RISCV environment variables
diff --git a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-fpga-sim/index.html b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-fpga-sim/index.html
index 6e227e1a..aa4bc7fc 100644
--- a/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-fpga-sim/index.html
+++ b/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/verilog-fpga-sim/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Simulating the Verilog (FPGA target) generated by Chisel &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulating the Verilog (FPGA target) generated by Chisel</h1><p>Chisel can generate Verilog for an FPGA target. This Verilog RTL can also be simulated with the Synopsys VCS tool (other Verilog simulators are not supported at present).</p><p>To generate the VCS simulator binary:</p><pre><code># requirements: riscv-gnu-toolchain, riscv-fesvr
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulating the Verilog (FPGA target) generated by Chisel</h1><p>Chisel can generate Verilog for an FPGA target. This Verilog RTL can also be simulated with the Synopsys VCS tool (other Verilog simulators are not supported at present).</p><p>To generate the VCS simulator binary:</p><pre><code># requirements: riscv-gnu-toolchain, riscv-fesvr
 # set up the RISCV environment variables
 # set up the VCS environment variables
 cd $TOP/fsim
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/index.html
index ea6bbd09..3d8d0196 100644
--- a/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/index.html
+++ b/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Bootload procedure &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Bootload procedure</h1><p><strong>Note: the content of this section is subject to change as the specification develops.</strong></p><p>This document explains the procedure required to boot the RISC-V Linux port.</p><h4 id=system-status-after-power-on:8aff651d0d140074a960c33ac3b02ecb>System status after power-on</h4><p>After a hard (power off/on) reset, the whole SoC, including all PCRs are reset
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Bootload procedure</h1><p><strong>Note: the content of this section is subject to change as the specification develops.</strong></p><p>This document explains the procedure required to boot the RISC-V Linux port.</p><h4 id=system-status-after-power-on:8aff651d0d140074a960c33ac3b02ecb>System status after power-on</h4><p>After a hard (power off/on) reset, the whole SoC, including all PCRs are reset
 to their initial values:</p><ul><li><strong>Pipeline</strong>: Flushed.</li><li><strong>L1 I$</strong>: Invalidated, PC &lt;= <code>0x00000000_00000200</code>.</li><li><strong>L1 D$</strong>: Invalidated.</li><li><strong>L2</strong>: Invalidated.</li><li><strong>PCRs</strong>: reset and interrupt disabled.</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th></th><th>actual address spaces</th><th>mapped address spaces</th><th>Type</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Memory section 0</td><td>(<code>0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>(<code>0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>Mem</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; <em>On-chip BRAM (64 KB)</em></td><td>(<code>0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF</code>)</td><td>(<code>0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF</code>)</td><td>Mem</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; <em>DDR DRAM</em></td><td>(<code>0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>(<code>0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>Mem</td></tr><tr><td>I/O section 0</td><td>(<code>0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>(<code>0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF</code>)</td><td>I/O</td></tr><tr><td>&gt; <em>UART &amp; SD</em></td><td>(<code>0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF</code>)</td><td>(<code>0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF</code>)</td><td>I/O</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 id=copy-bbl-from-sd-to-ddr-ram:8aff651d0d140074a960c33ac3b02ecb>Copy BBL from SD to DDR RAM</h4><p>The actual bootloader for RISC-V Linux is a revised Berkeley bootloader (BBL)
 located at <code>$TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/bbl/</code>.
 The original BBL can be found at <code>$TOP/riscv-tools/riscv-pk/pk/</code>, which is still needed for running Spike simulations.</p><p>Since the size of BBL is larger than 64 KB (the size of the on-chip boot RAM),
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/dev-env/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/dev-env/index.html
index 2dd7a238..341d051a 100644
--- a/docs/untether-v0.2/dev-env/index.html
+++ b/docs/untether-v0.2/dev-env/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A guide to the development environment &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A guide to the development environment</h1><h2 id=system-requirement:598fdf806d4d884f20627f7252cef705>System requirement</h2><p>We recommend you work with a 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) system with GNU GCC &gt;= 4.8 installed. If necessary, create such a setup using <a href=https://www.vmware.com/products/player/>VMware Workstation Player</a> or <a href=https://www.virtualbox.org/>VirtualBox</a>.</p><p>The default simulator for RTL/Behavioural SystemVerilog simulation is <a href=http://www.veripool.org/wiki/verilator>Verilator</a>.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>A guide to the development environment</h1><h2 id=system-requirement:598fdf806d4d884f20627f7252cef705>System requirement</h2><p>We recommend you work with a 64-bit Ubuntu (14.04 LTS) system with GNU GCC &gt;= 4.8 installed. If necessary, create such a setup using <a href=https://www.vmware.com/products/player/>VMware Workstation Player</a> or <a href=https://www.virtualbox.org/>VirtualBox</a>.</p><p>The default simulator for RTL/Behavioural SystemVerilog simulation is <a href=http://www.veripool.org/wiki/verilator>Verilator</a>.
 Please download and install a latest version for the best SystemVerilog support.</p><p>An FPGA demonstration is provided using either a <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-k7-kc705-g.html>Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA KC705 evaluation kit</a> or a low-end <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-4-ddr-artix-7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum/>Nexys™4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA Board</a>. The KC705 kit comes with a device and node locked license for <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/design-tools/vivado.html>Xilinx Vivado Design Suite</a>. The default version for FPGA demonstration project is Vivado 2015.4(64-bit). As for the users of the Nexys4-DDR boards, please acquire a free license and install the WebPACK edition of Vivado.</p><p>By default, all simulations produce waveforms in the VCD format.<br><a href=http://gtkwave.sourceforge.net/>GTKWave</a> can be used to view VCD files.</p><p>Here shows software versions and environment variables on my machine:</p><pre><code> # it is better to use bash
  $ echo $0
  bash
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>FPGA Demo &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>FPGA Demo</h1><p>A comprehensive FPGA demo of the untethered lowRISC SoC is provided using either the Xilinx KC705 kit or the NEXYS4-DDR board.</p><p>Depending on the board, please set variable $FPGA_BOARD to the board name. It is set to kc705 in <code>lowrisc-chip/set_riscv_env.sh</code>.</p><h3 id=file-structure-of-the-fpga-demo:715a3f0f0745eb370f48c8d691e3d218>File structure of the FPGA demo</h3><ul><li><code>constraint</code>: The constraint files used for the FPGA demo</li><li><code>driver</code>: Bare metal driver programs used by bootloaders.</li><li><code>examples</code>: Some bare metal test programs for FPGA peripherals.<ul><li><code>boot</code>: Bootloader test, also serves as the on-chip boot program used by the FPGA demo.</li><li><code>dram</code>: Test program for the DDR RAM interface.</li><li><code>hello</code>: A simple hello world program using the UART interface.</li><li><code>reset</code>: A simulation-only test for the soft-reset process.</li><li><code>sdcard</code>: Test the SD (SPI mode) interface and the <a href=http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html>FatFS</a> (Fat 32) support.</li></ul></li><li><code>bbl</code>: A revised Berkeley bootloader (BBL).</li><li><code>generated-src</code>: Generated Verilog of the Chisel Rocket chip.</li><li><code>lowrisc-chip-imp</code>: lowRISC SoC FPGA project directory.</li><li><code>Makefile</code>: The root Makefile.</li><li><code>script</code>: Some Vivado helper scripts.</li><li><code>softfloat</code>: A soft implementation of single/double precision floating point library.</li><li><code>src</code>: Source files needed by the FPGA demo<ul><li><code>boot.mem</code>: The initial memory image of the on-chip booting BRAM.</li><li><code>boot.bmm</code>: A memory structure file needed for reload memory image in bitstreams.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=compile-the-fpga-project:715a3f0f0745eb370f48c8d691e3d218>Compile the FPGA project</h3><p>To generate a bitstream:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>FPGA Demo</h1><p>A comprehensive FPGA demo of the untethered lowRISC SoC is provided using either the Xilinx KC705 kit or the NEXYS4-DDR board.</p><p>Depending on the board, please set variable $FPGA_BOARD to the board name. It is set to kc705 in <code>lowrisc-chip/set_riscv_env.sh</code>.</p><h3 id=file-structure-of-the-fpga-demo:715a3f0f0745eb370f48c8d691e3d218>File structure of the FPGA demo</h3><ul><li><code>constraint</code>: The constraint files used for the FPGA demo</li><li><code>driver</code>: Bare metal driver programs used by bootloaders.</li><li><code>examples</code>: Some bare metal test programs for FPGA peripherals.<ul><li><code>boot</code>: Bootloader test, also serves as the on-chip boot program used by the FPGA demo.</li><li><code>dram</code>: Test program for the DDR RAM interface.</li><li><code>hello</code>: A simple hello world program using the UART interface.</li><li><code>reset</code>: A simulation-only test for the soft-reset process.</li><li><code>sdcard</code>: Test the SD (SPI mode) interface and the <a href=http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html>FatFS</a> (Fat 32) support.</li></ul></li><li><code>bbl</code>: A revised Berkeley bootloader (BBL).</li><li><code>generated-src</code>: Generated Verilog of the Chisel Rocket chip.</li><li><code>lowrisc-chip-imp</code>: lowRISC SoC FPGA project directory.</li><li><code>Makefile</code>: The root Makefile.</li><li><code>script</code>: Some Vivado helper scripts.</li><li><code>softfloat</code>: A soft implementation of single/double precision floating point library.</li><li><code>src</code>: Source files needed by the FPGA demo<ul><li><code>boot.mem</code>: The initial memory image of the on-chip booting BRAM.</li><li><code>boot.bmm</code>: A memory structure file needed for reload memory image in bitstreams.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=compile-the-fpga-project:715a3f0f0745eb370f48c8d691e3d218>Compile the FPGA project</h3><p>To generate a bitstream:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD
 make bitstream
 </code></pre><p>This make target automatically processes all compiling process from Chisel compilation to bitstream generation. The final bit stream is located at <code>lowrisc-chip-imp/lowrisc-chip-imp.runs/impl_1/chip_top.bit</code>. However, in most cases, this bitstream may NOT be the one downloaded to the FPGA. Users can freely change the boot BRAM image after a bitstream is generated.</p><p>For installing the USB-JTAG and USB-UART bridge, please see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/>[Install Xilinx Vivado]</a>.</p><h4 id=compile-and-run-bare-metal-examples:715a3f0f0745eb370f48c8d691e3d218>Compile and run bare metal examples</h4><p>Four runnable bare-metal examples are provided for users to run on FPGA. To compile an example and replace the bitstream with a new boot image, just use the example name as the make target.</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD
 # compile and load the &quot;hello&quot; example
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>FPGA Simulation &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>FPGA Simulation</h1><p>An FPGA simulation is provided using the Xilinx ISim simulator. However, due to the lack of behavioural models for all peripherals, this FPGA simulation covers only part of the whole SoC.</p><ul><li>All parts of the Rocket cores, L1/L2 caches and on-chip interconnects are simulated.</li><li>A full DDR RAM simulation model is available from Xilinx (disabled by default) but extremely slow.</li><li>A behavioural RAM simulation model is provided using SystemVerilog DPI interfaces (enabled by default).</li><li>In simulation, both UART and SD (SPI) I/Os are constantly driven or open.</li></ul><p>Normally FPGA simulation is used only for debugging the initialization of
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>FPGA Simulation</h1><p>An FPGA simulation is provided using the Xilinx ISim simulator. However, due to the lack of behavioural models for all peripherals, this FPGA simulation covers only part of the whole SoC.</p><ul><li>All parts of the Rocket cores, L1/L2 caches and on-chip interconnects are simulated.</li><li>A full DDR RAM simulation model is available from Xilinx (disabled by default) but extremely slow.</li><li>A behavioural RAM simulation model is provided using SystemVerilog DPI interfaces (enabled by default).</li><li>In simulation, both UART and SD (SPI) I/Os are constantly driven or open.</li></ul><p>Normally FPGA simulation is used only for debugging the initialization of
 peripherals.</p><h3 id=run-fpga-simulation:c057090508fd11d2cb578566d1670105>Run FPGA simulation</h3><p>Use the hello world test as an example:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD
 # compile and load the test
 make hello
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Untethered lowRISC tutorial &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Untethered lowRISC tutorial</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.2</strong> (12-2015)</p><h2 id=introduction:383f0aecaa7d47330af1225c641b4341>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Untethered lowRISC tutorial</h1><p><em>By Wei Song</em></p><p><strong>Release version 0.2</strong> (12-2015)</p><h2 id=introduction:383f0aecaa7d47330af1225c641b4341>Introduction</h2><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/>lowRISC</a> is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to
 produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume. We are
 building upon RISC-V processor core implementations from the RISC-V
 team at UC Berkeley. We will produce a SoC design to populate a
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Compile the RISC-V Linux and the ramdisk root.bin &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile the RISC-V Linux and the ramdisk root.bin</h1><p><a name=linux></a></p><h3 id=risc-v-linux:2731691e443d3b2d109ad0b5f1629b00>RISC-V Linux</h3><p>The Linux kernel can be simulated using Spike or booted on an FPGA. To
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile the RISC-V Linux and the ramdisk root.bin</h1><p><a name=linux></a></p><h3 id=risc-v-linux:2731691e443d3b2d109ad0b5f1629b00>RISC-V Linux</h3><p>The Linux kernel can be simulated using Spike or booted on an FPGA. To
 compile your own Linux kernel, use the following script:</p><pre><code># set up the RISCV environment variables
 cd $TOP/riscv-tools
 curl https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.14.41.tar.xz \
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Memory mapped I/O (MMIO) &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Memory mapped I/O (MMIO)</h1><p><strong>Note: this initial implementation of MMIO is subject to significant further optimizations.</strong></p><p>Although peripherals are mapped into the memory space, they cannot be accessed
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Memory mapped I/O (MMIO)</h1><p><strong>Note: this initial implementation of MMIO is subject to significant further optimizations.</strong></p><p>Although peripherals are mapped into the memory space, they cannot be accessed
 in the same way as cacheable memory due to the consistency requirement of I/O
 operations and the possible side-effects of I/O read and write operations. To
 safely access the I/O space of peripherals, memory mapped I/O (MMIO) gives the
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/overview/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/overview/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Overview of the Rocket chip &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the Rocket chip</h1><p>An overview of Berkeley&rsquo;s RISC-V &ldquo;Rocket Chip&rdquo; SoC Generator can be found <a href=https://1nv67s1krw3279i5yp7fko14-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/riscv-rocket-chip-generator-workshop-jan2015.pdf>here</a>.</p><p>A high-level view of the <code>untethered</code> Rocket chip is shown below. The design
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Overview of the Rocket chip</h1><p>An overview of Berkeley&rsquo;s RISC-V &ldquo;Rocket Chip&rdquo; SoC Generator can be found <a href=https://1nv67s1krw3279i5yp7fko14-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/riscv-rocket-chip-generator-workshop-jan2015.pdf>here</a>.</p><p>A high-level view of the <code>untethered</code> Rocket chip is shown below. The design
 contains multiple Rocket tiles each of which consists of a Rocket core and L1
 instruction and data caches. All tiles share a unified and banked L2 cache and an I/O bus.
 The Rocket (Chisel) side of the SoC is encapsulated in a Chisel island whose features are configurable using the top-level configuration file <code>$TOP/src/main/scala/Configs.scala</code> (see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/parameter/>Configuration parameters</a> for more details).
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/parameter/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/parameter/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Configuration parameters &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Configuration parameters</h1><p>The default configuration parameters are listed in the table
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Configuration parameters</h1><p>The default configuration parameters are listed in the table
 below. All configuration parameters are located in
 <code>src/scala/main/Configs.scala</code>.</p><p>Further details on how to parameterize Rocket Chip can be found
 <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip#-how-can-i-parameterize-my-rocket-chip>here</a> (note that now lowRISC has its own chip generator).
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/pcr/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/pcr/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Memory and I/O maps, soft reset, and interrupts &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Memory and I/O maps, soft reset, and interrupts</h1><p><strong>Note: the content of this section is subject to change as the specification develops.</strong></p><p>This <code>untethered</code> release starts to regulate the shared resources among cores, such as interrupts, memory and I/O maps, global timers, etc. A subset of control status register (CSR) space is defined as processor control registers (PCRs), whose values and accesses are shared by all cores and controlled by a global PCR control unit (<code>PCRControl</code>). The connections of the PCR control units is shown below.</p><p><img src=../figures/pcr_ctl.png alt=Drawing style=width:450px></p><h2 id=ports-of-pcrcontrol:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>Ports of <code>PCRControl</code></h2><h4 id=pcr-read-write-requests-pcr-req:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>PCR read/write requests (<code>pcr_req</code>)</h4><p>The CSR file in each core has a dedicated request channel to the global PCR control unit. When a CSR address is identified as a PCR, the CSR request is forwarded to <code>PCRControl</code>.</p><h4 id=pcr-read-write-response-pcr-resp:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>PCR read/write response (<code>pcr_resp</code>)</h4><p>Upon receiving a request from <code>pcr_req</code>, the PCR control unit processes the
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Memory and I/O maps, soft reset, and interrupts</h1><p><strong>Note: the content of this section is subject to change as the specification develops.</strong></p><p>This <code>untethered</code> release starts to regulate the shared resources among cores, such as interrupts, memory and I/O maps, global timers, etc. A subset of control status register (CSR) space is defined as processor control registers (PCRs), whose values and accesses are shared by all cores and controlled by a global PCR control unit (<code>PCRControl</code>). The connections of the PCR control units is shown below.</p><p><img src=../figures/pcr_ctl.png alt=Drawing style=width:450px></p><h2 id=ports-of-pcrcontrol:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>Ports of <code>PCRControl</code></h2><h4 id=pcr-read-write-requests-pcr-req:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>PCR read/write requests (<code>pcr_req</code>)</h4><p>The CSR file in each core has a dedicated request channel to the global PCR control unit. When a CSR address is identified as a PCR, the CSR request is forwarded to <code>PCRControl</code>.</p><h4 id=pcr-read-write-response-pcr-resp:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>PCR read/write response (<code>pcr_resp</code>)</h4><p>Upon receiving a request from <code>pcr_req</code>, the PCR control unit processes the
 request and sends back a response through the <code>pcr_resp</code> port connected to the
 requesting core when it is finished. When it is a read request, the PCR value
 is sent back in the response.</p><h4 id=broadcast-of-pcr-update-pcr-update:e2024145d35b2c747c2f5bf628155765>Broadcast of PCR update (<code>pcr_update</code>)</h4><p>Operations on some PCRs trigger changes of the global status, such as changing
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Release Notes &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release Notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:6a56ca39cddcf1c62aedbc43c7d36a5f>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Merge the latest (10-2015) updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Add uncached read/write in L1 D$ (support memory mapped I/O).</li><li>Remove the HTIF CSR read/write port.</li><li>Redefine CSRs <code>mtime</code>, <code>mtohost</code>, <code>mfromhost</code>, <code>mreset</code> to PCRs.</li><li>Add memory map, I/O map, and IRQ PCRs.</li><li>Add a global PCR controller shared by all Rocket cores.</li><li>Nearly remove all functions of the HTIF (only needed for bare-metal mode)</li><li>Add soft reset to Rocket cores, L2$.</li><li>Rewrite TileLink/NASTI and TileLink/NASTI-Lite interfaces.</li><li>Add 64-bit IRQ inputs.</li><li>Rewrite and simplify top level connections and parameter definitions.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>All chisel components (Rocket cores, L2 caches) are encapsulated in a Chisel island with only two NASTI interface exposed.</li><li>A NASTI on-chip interconnect (crossbar, buffer, Lite/NASTI bridge) is provided using SystemVerilog.</li><li>UART (Xilinx IP) connected and tested.</li><li>SD (Xilinx SPI IP) connected and tested. Software support for FatFS is provided.</li><li>DDR RAM and Memory controller (Xilinx IP) is connected and tested.</li><li>Boot from on-chip BRAM.</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>A KC705/NEXYS4-DDR FPGA demo with RISC-V Linux boot. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-demo/>[FPGA demo]</a></li><li>Merge the latest (10-2015) cross-compiler updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Replace VCS with opensourced Verilator. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>[RTL simulation]</a></li><li>Rewrite all Makefile support.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04/2015)</a><ul><li>No tagged memory support (will be added back soon).</li><li>No support for ZedBoard.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:6a56ca39cddcf1c62aedbc43c7d36a5f>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Release Notes</h1><h3 id=release-notes:6a56ca39cddcf1c62aedbc43c7d36a5f>Release notes</h3><ul><li>Rocket-core (Chisel)<ul><li>Merge the latest (10-2015) updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Add uncached read/write in L1 D$ (support memory mapped I/O).</li><li>Remove the HTIF CSR read/write port.</li><li>Redefine CSRs <code>mtime</code>, <code>mtohost</code>, <code>mfromhost</code>, <code>mreset</code> to PCRs.</li><li>Add memory map, I/O map, and IRQ PCRs.</li><li>Add a global PCR controller shared by all Rocket cores.</li><li>Nearly remove all functions of the HTIF (only needed for bare-metal mode)</li><li>Add soft reset to Rocket cores, L2$.</li><li>Rewrite TileLink/NASTI and TileLink/NASTI-Lite interfaces.</li><li>Add 64-bit IRQ inputs.</li><li>Rewrite and simplify top level connections and parameter definitions.</li></ul></li><li>lowRISC-chip<ul><li>All chisel components (Rocket cores, L2 caches) are encapsulated in a Chisel island with only two NASTI interface exposed.</li><li>A NASTI on-chip interconnect (crossbar, buffer, Lite/NASTI bridge) is provided using SystemVerilog.</li><li>UART (Xilinx IP) connected and tested.</li><li>SD (Xilinx SPI IP) connected and tested. Software support for FatFS is provided.</li><li>DDR RAM and Memory controller (Xilinx IP) is connected and tested.</li><li>Boot from on-chip BRAM.</li></ul></li><li>Design environment<ul><li>A KC705/NEXYS4-DDR FPGA demo with RISC-V Linux boot. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-demo/>[FPGA demo]</a></li><li>Merge the latest (10-2015) cross-compiler updates from RISC-V.</li><li>Replace VCS with opensourced Verilator. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>[RTL simulation]</a></li><li>Rewrite all Makefile support.</li></ul></li><li>Missing from this release vs the previous <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04/2015)</a><ul><li>No tagged memory support (will be added back soon).</li><li>No support for ZedBoard.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=previous-releases:6a56ca39cddcf1c62aedbc43c7d36a5f>Previous releases</h3><ul><li><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/><strong>Version 0.1</strong>: tagged memory (04-2015)</a></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</h1><h3 id=introduction-of-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:3d4208a9e795fb7bf54e7f8f104348a0>Introduction of the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A number of cross-compilation tools are provided in the $TOP/riscv-tools directory:</p><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator (<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a>)</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel that serves system calls on target machine.</li></ul><p>There are four ways to test a program:</p><ul><li>Behavioural simulation: run the program in the RISC-V ISA simulator (Spike).<br>The <code>syscall()</code> interface provided in the original RISC-V proxy kernel is not compatible with the I/O interfaces provided in this release.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Compile and install RISC-V cross-compiler</h1><h3 id=introduction-of-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:3d4208a9e795fb7bf54e7f8f104348a0>Introduction of the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A number of cross-compilation tools are provided in the $TOP/riscv-tools directory:</p><ul><li><code>riscv-fesvr</code>: The front-end server that serves system calls on the host machine.</li><li><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>: The GNU GCC cross-compiler for RISC-V ISA.</li><li><code>riscv-isa-sim</code>: The RISC-V ISA simulator (<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim#risc-v-isa-simulator>Spike</a>)</li><li><code>riscv-pk</code>: The proxy kernel that serves system calls on target machine.</li></ul><p>There are four ways to test a program:</p><ul><li>Behavioural simulation: run the program in the RISC-V ISA simulator (Spike).<br>The <code>syscall()</code> interface provided in the original RISC-V proxy kernel is not compatible with the I/O interfaces provided in this release.
 Spike can be used to run programs that do not access I/O devices or user mode programs that run inside the RISC-V Linux.</li><li>RTL simulation: simulate the program in Verilator (<code>$Top/vsim/</code>).<br>No I/O devices is available in RTL simulation.</li><li>FPGA simulation: simulate the program using Xilinx ISim (<code>$Top/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/</code>).<br>Behavioural modules for I/O devices are provided by Xilinx IPs; however, host end modules (UART terminal and SD card) are not available.</li><li>FPGA run: actually run the program on an FPGA board (<code>$Top/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/</code>).<br>Full I/O support (UART and SD).</li></ul><p>Programs can be compiled and run in three different modes:</p><ul><li><strong>Bare metal mode</strong>: supervisor programs with no I/O accesses.<br><em>Behavioural simulation and RTL Simulation</em><br>Programs run in this mode have no peripheral support. This mode is used only for ISA and cache regression tests. The return value of a program indicates the result of an ISA test case. 0 is success while none-zero indentifies the No. of the failing case. Programs compiled in this mode would run silently on FPGAs or in FPGA simulations.</li><li><strong>Newlib mode</strong>: supervisor programs with access to I/O devices.<br><em>FPGA simulation and FPGA run</em><br>Programs run in this mode have the full control (supervisor priority) of peripherals (limited in simulation) but are single-threaded. Bootloaders are run in this mode.</li><li><strong>Linux mode</strong>: user programs with Linux support.<br><em>Behavioural simulation and FPGA run</em><br>Programs runs in the RISC-V Linux. They get multi-thread and peripheral support from the Linux kernel.</li></ul><p>Compiling and simulating programs in different modes depends on different tool sets.</p><ul><li><strong>Bare metal mode</strong><ul><li>Behavioural simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <code>riscv-isa-sim</code>; <code>riscv-fesvr</code>.</li><li>RTL simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>verilator</a>.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Newlib (supervisor) mode</strong>:<ul><li>FPGA simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/>vivado</a>.</li><li>FPGA run:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/>vivado</a>.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Linux (user) mode</strong><ul><li>Behavioural simulation:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib+linux); <code>riscv-isa-sim</code>; <code>riscv-fesvr</code>; <code>riscv-pk</code>; <a href=../linux_compile#linux>vmlinux</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#busybox>root.bin</a>.</li><li>FPGA run:<br><code>riscv-gnu-toolchain</code>(newlib+linux); <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/>vivado</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#linux>vmlinux</a>; <a href=../linux_compile#busybox>root.bin</a>.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id=building-the-risc-v-cross-compilation-tools:3d4208a9e795fb7bf54e7f8f104348a0>Building the RISC-V cross-compilation tools</h3><p>A build script is provided to build most of the cross-compilation tools and Spike:</p><pre><code># set up the RISCV environment variables
 cd $TOP/riscv-tools
 ./build.sh
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/rocket-core/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/rocket-core/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Rocket core overview &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket core overview</h1><p>The Rocket core is an in-order scalar processor that provides a
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Rocket core overview</h1><p>The Rocket core is an in-order scalar processor that provides a
 5-stage pipeline. It implements the RV64G variant of the RISC-V
 ISA. The Rocket core has one integer ALU and an optional FPU. An
 accelerator or co-processor interface, called RoCC, is also provided.</p><p>Further details of the RISC-V Rocket core pipeline can be found
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/simulation/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/simulation/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Simulations and FPGA Demo &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulations and FPGA Demo</h1><p>This release works with three different simulators and provides an FPGA demo using either a <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-k7-kc705-g.html>Xilinx Kintex-7 KC705 evaluation kit</a> or a low-end <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-4-ddr-artix-7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum/>Nexys™4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA Board</a>.</p><ul><li><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/spike/>Behavioural Simulation (Spike)</a><br>A fast instruction level simulator. The &ldquo;golden&rdquo; implementation of Rocket cores.<br>Peripheral support from the front-end server (not compatible with the FPGA implemantion).</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>RTL simulation</a><br>RTL-level simulation for the whole lowRISC SoC provided by <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>Verilator</a>.<br>Behavioural memory model and simple HTIF for ISA regression test.</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-demo/>FPGA demo</a><br>A RISC-V Linux demo on KC705/NEXYS4-DDR.<br>Peripherals (KC705): 1GB DDR3 DRAM, UART, SD+FAT32.<br>Peripherals (NEXYS4-DDR): 128MB DDR2 DRAM, UART, MicroSD+FAT32.<br></p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-sim/>FPGA simulation</a><br>Pre-synthesis FPGA simulation for the whole lowRISC SoC provided by Xilinx ISim (a part of Xilinx Vivado).<br>Providing the full peripheral simulation with different configuration options.</p></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Simulations and FPGA Demo</h1><p>This release works with three different simulators and provides an FPGA demo using either a <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-k7-kc705-g.html>Xilinx Kintex-7 KC705 evaluation kit</a> or a low-end <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-4-ddr-artix-7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum/>Nexys™4 DDR Artix-7 FPGA Board</a>.</p><ul><li><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/spike/>Behavioural Simulation (Spike)</a><br>A fast instruction level simulator. The &ldquo;golden&rdquo; implementation of Rocket cores.<br>Peripheral support from the front-end server (not compatible with the FPGA implemantion).</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>RTL simulation</a><br>RTL-level simulation for the whole lowRISC SoC provided by <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/>Verilator</a>.<br>Behavioural memory model and simple HTIF for ISA regression test.</p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-demo/>FPGA demo</a><br>A RISC-V Linux demo on KC705/NEXYS4-DDR.<br>Peripherals (KC705): 1GB DDR3 DRAM, UART, SD+FAT32.<br>Peripherals (NEXYS4-DDR): 128MB DDR2 DRAM, UART, MicroSD+FAT32.<br></p></li><li><p><a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/fpga-sim/>FPGA simulation</a><br>Pre-synthesis FPGA simulation for the whole lowRISC SoC provided by Xilinx ISim (a part of Xilinx Vivado).<br>Providing the full peripheral simulation with different configuration options.</p></li></ul></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Behavioural Simulation (Spike) &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Behavioural Simulation (Spike)</h1><h3 id=introduction:a919202b490d8b5c17ba80d4ef0b31a6>Introduction</h3><p><a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim>Spike</a> is a RISC-V functional
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Behavioural Simulation (Spike)</h1><h3 id=introduction:a919202b490d8b5c17ba80d4ef0b31a6>Introduction</h3><p><a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-sim>Spike</a> is a RISC-V functional
 ISA simulator. It models a RISC-V core and cache system. Note that our fork
 hasn&rsquo;t currently been modified to include tagged memory support.</p><p>In this release, due to the peripheral mismatch between the original Rocket-chip and untethered lowRISC SoC, Spike can only be used to run a Linux Kernel and non-I/O related programs.</p><p>Please see <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/riscv_compile/>Compile and install the RISC-V cross-compiler</a> for the installation of Spike.</p><h3 id=using-spike:a919202b490d8b5c17ba80d4ef0b31a6>Using Spike</h3><p>The command-line arguments to Spike can be listed with <code>spike -h</code>:</p><pre><code># usage: spike [host options] &lt;target program&gt; [target options]
 # Host Options:
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/verilator/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Install Verilator &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Verilator</h1><h3 id=verilator:8e4c4fe07854b4ce3a652a8792f67a29>Verilator</h3><p><a href=http://www.veripool.org/wiki/verilator>Verilator</a> is written by Wilson Snyder (<a href=mailto:wsnyder@wsnyder.org>wsnyder@wsnyder.org</a>), with Duane Galbi and Paul Wasson (<a href=mailto:pmwasson@gmail.com>pmwasson@gmail.com</a>).</p><p>&ldquo;Verilator is the fastest free Verilog HDL simulator, and beats most commercial simulators. It compiles synthesizable Verilog (not test-bench code!), plus some PSL, SystemVerilog and Synthesis assertions into C++ or SystemC code. It is designed for large projects where fast simulation performance is of primary concern, and is especially well suited to generate executable models of CPUs for embedded software design teams.&rdquo; <a href=#Verilator>[1]</a></p><h3 id=installation:8e4c4fe07854b4ce3a652a8792f67a29>Installation</h3><p>Verilator is already available through <code>apt-get</code> on Ubuntu but we recommend compiling and installing the latest release to have the best support for SystemVerilog and DPI.</p><p>For downloading and compiling Verilator, please following the instructions of <a href=http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Installing>http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Installing</a>. &ldquo;Building from tarball&rdquo; should fit the purpose.</p><p>Below is an example script for setting up the environment for Verilator:</p><pre><code># assume Verilator is installed to /local/tool/verilator
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Verilator</h1><h3 id=verilator:8e4c4fe07854b4ce3a652a8792f67a29>Verilator</h3><p><a href=http://www.veripool.org/wiki/verilator>Verilator</a> is written by Wilson Snyder (<a href=mailto:wsnyder@wsnyder.org>wsnyder@wsnyder.org</a>), with Duane Galbi and Paul Wasson (<a href=mailto:pmwasson@gmail.com>pmwasson@gmail.com</a>).</p><p>&ldquo;Verilator is the fastest free Verilog HDL simulator, and beats most commercial simulators. It compiles synthesizable Verilog (not test-bench code!), plus some PSL, SystemVerilog and Synthesis assertions into C++ or SystemC code. It is designed for large projects where fast simulation performance is of primary concern, and is especially well suited to generate executable models of CPUs for embedded software design teams.&rdquo; <a href=#Verilator>[1]</a></p><h3 id=installation:8e4c4fe07854b4ce3a652a8792f67a29>Installation</h3><p>Verilator is already available through <code>apt-get</code> on Ubuntu but we recommend compiling and installing the latest release to have the best support for SystemVerilog and DPI.</p><p>For downloading and compiling Verilator, please following the instructions of <a href=http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Installing>http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Installing</a>. &ldquo;Building from tarball&rdquo; should fit the purpose.</p><p>Below is an example script for setting up the environment for Verilator:</p><pre><code># assume Verilator is installed to /local/tool/verilator
 export VERILATOR_ROOT=/local/tool/verilator
 export PATH=$PATH:$VERILATOR_ROOT/bin
 </code></pre><p>When Verilator is installed locally, some soft-links are missing which stops
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/index.html
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--- a/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/index.html
+++ b/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>RTL simulation &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>RTL simulation</h1><p>Here we describe how to simulate the lowRISC SoC using Verilator.</p><h3 id=compilation:514870219d3abfdff5b6e72bff95cfe8>Compilation</h3><p>To compile a simulator for the lowRISC SoC:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/vsim
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>RTL simulation</h1><p>Here we describe how to simulate the lowRISC SoC using Verilator.</p><h3 id=compilation:514870219d3abfdff5b6e72bff95cfe8>Compilation</h3><p>To compile a simulator for the lowRISC SoC:</p><pre><code>cd $TOP/vsim
 make sim
 </code></pre><p>This generates a simulator named <code>DefaultConfig-sim</code>. It is optimized for
 simulation speed and does not generate a waveform. If the compilation time is
diff --git a/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/index.html b/docs/untether-v0.2/xilinx/index.html
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Install Xilinx Vivado &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Xilinx Vivado</h1><h3 id=download-and-install-xilinx-vivado:7d23f3236302c6dfd7649131cd9f1cbd>Download and install Xilinx Vivado</h3><p>The Xilinx Vivado design suite can be downloaded from <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html>http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html</a> free of charge for registered users (registration is also free). For Ubuntu Linux, we recommend Vivado 2015.4.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Xilinx Vivado</h1><h3 id=download-and-install-xilinx-vivado:7d23f3236302c6dfd7649131cd9f1cbd>Download and install Xilinx Vivado</h3><p>The Xilinx Vivado design suite can be downloaded from <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html>http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html</a> free of charge for registered users (registration is also free). For Ubuntu Linux, we recommend Vivado 2015.4.
 During the installation process, when asked for &ldquo;Select Edition to Install&rdquo;,
 please choose &ldquo;Vivado Design Edition&rdquo;. When choosing which packages to
 install, please add &ldquo;Software Development Kit&rdquo;. It is not required to install
diff --git a/docs/update-running-kernel/index.html b/docs/update-running-kernel/index.html
index c13acb56..ff8d09dd 100644
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Updating the kernel of a running system &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Updating the kernel of a running system</h1><p>As an install step, the Linux kernel (with BBL) can always be written on the host card reader. However,
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Updating the kernel of a running system</h1><p>As an install step, the Linux kernel (with BBL) can always be written on the host card reader. However,
 for regular use, it is inconvenient to keep swapping the card between devices.
 If you already have a running Linux system, perhaps based on the pre-made
 executables, it is possible to replace the kernel in the running system, which saves wear and tear from
diff --git a/docs/xilinx/index.html b/docs/xilinx/index.html
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Install Xilinx Vivado &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Xilinx Vivado</h1><h3 id=download-and-install-xilinx-vivado:8dcba1df7117a46911f95306b5b9b90b>Download and install Xilinx Vivado</h3><p>The Xilinx Vivado design suite can be downloaded from <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html>http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html</a> free of charge for registered users (registration is also free). For this release, we only recommend Vivado 2018.1. The version used in previous releases 2015.4 is known NOT to work on this release.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Install Xilinx Vivado</h1><h3 id=download-and-install-xilinx-vivado:8dcba1df7117a46911f95306b5b9b90b>Download and install Xilinx Vivado</h3><p>The Xilinx Vivado design suite can be downloaded from <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html>http://www.xilinx.com/support/download.html</a> free of charge for registered users (registration is also free). For this release, we only recommend Vivado 2018.1. The version used in previous releases 2015.4 is known NOT to work on this release.
 During the installation process, when asked for &ldquo;Select Edition to Install&rdquo;,
 please choose &ldquo;Vivado Design Edition&rdquo;. When choosing which packages to
 install, please add &ldquo;Software Development Kit&rdquo;. It is not required to install
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 1b220c74..2e7d14e0 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</a></h2><h5><time>November 13, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem
-CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open silicon ecosystem organization, and zeroRISC, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project. This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</a></h2><h5><time>November 13, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem
+CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open silicon ecosystem organization, and zeroRISC, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project. This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.xml b/index.xml
index 987718cc..17cb824f 100644
--- a/index.xml
+++ b/index.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/</link><description>Recent blog posts from lowRISC</description><language>en-us</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml" rel="self"/><copyright> The text content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content Copyright lowRISC Contributors.</copyright><item><title>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/</link><description>Latest news from lowRISC</description><language>en-us</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml" rel="self"/><copyright> The text content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content Copyright lowRISC Contributors.</copyright><item><title>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 13 Nov 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p><em>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem</em></p>
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The design was developed with contributions from partners including Google, Winb
 
 
 <img
-  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/top_darjeeling_block_diagram.svg"
+  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/top_darjeeling_block_diagram.svg"
   alt='OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram' 
   title='OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram' 
   width='700'
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The result is a robust architecture and codebase for integrating OpenTitan into
 &ldquo;zeroRISC is proud to be a lead partner investing in this effort&rsquo;s long term success. As we are already helping with commercial integrations, this design further accelerates zeroRISC&rsquo;s mission of delivering a set of secure cloud-based services for device security and management built on a trustworthy, transparent, secure silicon platform.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>This announcement comes on the heels of a series of significant milestones for the OpenTitan project this year.
-While developing the architecture and specifications for the integrated secure execution environment, the project also accomplished the <a href="https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">first discrete silicon tapeout</a> in June 2023, a critical precursor to commercial silicon availability in 2024.
+While developing the architecture and specifications for the integrated secure execution environment, the project also accomplished the <a href="https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">first discrete silicon tapeout</a> in June 2023, a critical precursor to commercial silicon availability in 2024.
 The implementation of the integrated design being made <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/integrated_dev">available</a> today enables OpenTitan partners to move towards embedding OpenTitan® in their SoC and chiplet designs.
 This ability to execute on multiple threads simultaneously is a concrete demonstration of the value of the Silicon Commons™ approach, which requires thorough design verification collateral, documentation and continuous testing.
 Originally built by OpenTitan contributors to support distributed open silicon collaboration, the Silicon Commons has evolved into a comprehensive open-source silicon development methodology to enable many disparate organizations to concurrently work together on shared goals.</p>
@@ -56,18 +56,18 @@ Its remarkable maturity in design, verification and documentation, accumulated o
 As more businesses embrace the project, the open and collaborative spirit of OpenTitan will continue to foster innovation and drive advancements in secure hardware design.
 The success of OpenTitan serves as an inspiration to the tech community, demonstrating the power of open source to fuel rapid innovation, particularly in traditionally slow-moving domains like silicon.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-lowrisc:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e">About lowRISC</h3>
+<h3 id="about-lowrisc:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8">About lowRISC</h3>
 
 <p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open-source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full-stack engineering capabilities in-house enables the hosting and management of high-quality projects like OpenTitan via the Silicon Commons approach.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-zerorisc:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e">About zeroRISC</h3>
+<h3 id="about-zerorisc:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8">About zeroRISC</h3>
 
 <p>Leveraging the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and reliability for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices. The zeroRISC platform is an all-in-one, drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system. Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href="https://zerorisc.com/">https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="media-contact:6b7f4b13c3d20fd9578192428690ae9e">Media Contact</h3>
+<h3 id="media-contact:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8">Media Contact</h3>
 
 <p><a href="mailto:lowRISC@w2comm.com">lowRISC@w2comm.com</a></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2023 22:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2023 22:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p><em>The OpenTitan coalition continues to expand as the technology approaches commercial availability</em></p>
 
@@ -97,28 +97,28 @@ Its adherence to Kerckhoff&rsquo;s principle stands in sharp contrast to closed
 
 <p>To learn more about zeroRISC and its involvement in the OpenTitan project, visit: <a href="https://zerorisc.com/">https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-lowrisc:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28">About lowRISC</h3>
+<h3 id="about-lowrisc:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911">About lowRISC</h3>
 
 <p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term.
 The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-zerorisc:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28">About zeroRISC</h3>
+<h3 id="about-zerorisc:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911">About zeroRISC</h3>
 
 <p>Built on the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust project, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices.
 The zeroRISC platform is the only all-in-one drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system, while making secure ownership transfer straightforward.
 Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href="https://zerorisc.com/">https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-opentitan:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28">About OpenTitan</h3>
+<h3 id="about-opentitan:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911">About OpenTitan</h3>
 
 <p><a href="https://opentitan.org">OpenTitan</a> is the industry&rsquo;s first open source silicon Root of Trust (RoT) project.
 Its objective is to make silicon RoT design and implementation more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for enterprises, platform providers, and chip makers.
 Developed from the start following the principles of high quality, transparency and flexibility, its components form the basis of an open silicon ecosystem and may be flexibly reused and reconfigured under the permissive Apache 2.0 license.
 OpenTitan top-level designs and components have extensive design verification and documentation, and are available for use in commercial systems today.</p>
 
-<h3 id="media-contact:5334294e6ca3ddda21ebc36074317d28">Media Contact:</h3>
+<h3 id="media-contact:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911">Media Contact:</h3>
 
 <p>lowrisc@w2comm.com</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/10/cw340-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/10/cw340-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 20 Oct 2023 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/10/cw340-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/10/cw340-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 20 Oct 2023 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p><em>New Boards Allow Leading Developers and Organizations Globally to Contribute to the Project</em></p>
 
@@ -153,18 +153,18 @@ Implementing both the Bergen and Luna Boards allows customers to:</p>
 <li>Enable <strong>side-channel analysis</strong> more effectively than any other commercially available FPGA boards, greatly <strong>simplifying analysis</strong> using electromagnetic side channel evaluation</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h3 id="pricing-and-availability:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e">Pricing and availability</h3>
+<h3 id="pricing-and-availability:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5">Pricing and availability</h3>
 
 <p>The <a href="https://www.mouser.co.uk/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW310-K410T-NORM?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4Xi1bN4MBUi5mlPV%2Flgk3YA%3D%3D">Bergen Board</a> ($5,000 USD) and <a href="https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW340-OTKIT?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4IlozQ82AqJ2dWzBTkNMJAg%3D%3D">Luna Board</a> ($10,000 USD) are now available for pre-order from Mouser with free international shipping outside of the U.S. For more information on support for the Bergen or Luna Board, visit <a href="https://rtfm.newae.com">https://rtfm.newae.com</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="about-lowrisc:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e">About lowRISC</h3>
+<h3 id="about-lowrisc:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5">About lowRISC</h3>
 
 <p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p>
 
-<h3 id="media-contact:8698897344437522002e0e921bfb629e">Media Contact:</h3>
+<h3 id="media-contact:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5">Media Contact:</h3>
 
 <p>lowRISC@w2comm.com</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 12 Sep 2023 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 12 Sep 2023 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) recently <a href="https://iuk.ktn-uk.org/news/digital-security-by-design-driving-investment-in-the-automotive-sector-and-embedded-systems/">announced</a> that its CHERI-based Digital Security by Design Programme (DSbD) technologies have already demonstrated significant value in sectors where high integrity, resilient, and safety-focused applications are paramount, including avionics, automotive and embedded systems.</p>
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Implementing both the Bergen and Luna Boards allows customers to:</p>
 
 <p>As part of a drive to ensure these advances are usable in the challenging operational technology (OT) domain as well as the more fully-featured platforms to which they were originally targeted, we are delighted to report that this announcement also included significant funding for a new project with lowRISC CIC</p>
 
-<h1 id="lowrisc-s-involvement:e21d2da2ad44ad21037cfdd284510990">lowRISC’s Involvement</h1>
+<h1 id="lowrisc-s-involvement:b1bfe5663941a85fa82631ab0afe4c15">lowRISC’s Involvement</h1>
 
 <p>Operational  technology (OT) systems are computing nodes used to monitor or control physical devices, processes, and events. They are particularly challenging targets, since their critical security requirements must typically be achieved within very tight power, area and financial budgets.</p>
 
@@ -182,9 +182,9 @@ Implementing both the Bergen and Luna Boards allows customers to:</p>
 
 <p>lowRISC is uniquely positioned to be able to deliver this,being the maintainers of the RISC-V based Ibex processor, and steward of the collaboration developing the open-source <a href="https://opentitan.org/">OpenTitan</a> silicon Root-of-Trust (RoT).</p>
 
-<p>OpenTitan has <a href="https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">recently declared</a> a significant milestone, taping out its Engineering Sample (ES). This marks a hugely significant quality and verification step towards commercial production silicon. Furthermore, its wholly owned subsidiary <a href="https://www.newae.com/">NewAE Technology Inc</a>, will develop and deliver the evaluation boards, seeding interest and take up of CHERI technology.</p>
+<p>OpenTitan has <a href="https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">recently declared</a> a significant milestone, taping out its Engineering Sample (ES). This marks a hugely significant quality and verification step towards commercial production silicon. Furthermore, its wholly owned subsidiary <a href="https://www.newae.com/">NewAE Technology Inc</a>, will develop and deliver the evaluation boards, seeding interest and take up of CHERI technology.</p>
 
-<h1 id="project-deliverables-in-detail:e21d2da2ad44ad21037cfdd284510990">Project Deliverables in Detail</h1>
+<h1 id="project-deliverables-in-detail:b1bfe5663941a85fa82631ab0afe4c15">Project Deliverables in Detail</h1>
 
 <p>As noted, lowRISC will deliver two prototype platforms: one centred around the existing CHERIoT core as a demonstrator (the Base-Version, BV) and another where the CHERIoT core is paired with OpenTitan (the Extended Evaluation Version, EEV). The EEV enables the full power of CHERIoT to be evaluated and utilised in an OT context. The lowRISC team will work closely with UKRI to bring these versions to their intended audiences and accelerate the adoption of CHERI in the market.</p>
 
@@ -216,22 +216,22 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_2198x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Diagram of the EEV' title='Diagram of the EEV' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_2198x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Diagram of the EEV' title='Diagram of the EEV' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
   >
 
 
 
 
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2023 16:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2023 16:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
-<p><a href="https://lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze</a> of <a href="https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html">Earl Grey</a>, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.</p>
+<p><a href="https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/">OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze</a> of <a href="https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html">Earl Grey</a>, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.</p>
 
 <p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s mission is to provide a secure root of trust, which is complemented by a secure processor core. To address this need, we elevated one of the most widely deployed, highest quality RISC-V cores in academia to the industrial-level of quality characteristic of this project. While we were at it, we added additional hardening and security features of broad utility to all who may want to reuse Ibex in other designs.</p>
 
 <p>More specifically, the development of a processor core, such as Ibex, goes beyond the RTL design itself. In order for the design to be viable for commercial usage, several additional aspects need to be considered and addressed. This blog post highlights the importance of comprehensive design verification (DV), how we utilized DV in the development of Ibex, and the role of regressions. This blog is based on a speaking session I presented at the RISC-V summit if you want to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYyi8ZhEQxA">watch the video</a>.</p>
 
-<h2 id="what-is-ibex:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c">What is Ibex?</h2>
+<h2 id="what-is-ibex:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474">What is Ibex?</h2>
 
 <p>Ibex is an open-source 32-bit RISC-V core, designed with extensions specifically tailored for security, IoT, and embedded applications. Some of the notable features of Ibex include its ePMP (Enhanced Physical Memory Protection) support, debug capability, instruction cache, and a flexible 2 or 3 stage pipeline.</p>
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>Ibex is integrated within the Earl Grey chip in a dual-lockstep configuration as a fault-injection mitigation mechanism, adding an additional layer of physical attack protection to the platform. This feature is particularly relevant for use in OpenTitan, where a robust and secure foundation is even more important for building trustworthy systems.</p>
 
-<h2 id="why-does-design-verification-and-testing-matter:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c">Why does design verification and testing matter?</h2>
+<h2 id="why-does-design-verification-and-testing-matter:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474">Why does design verification and testing matter?</h2>
 
 <p>While RTL design is a crucial component of a processor core, it is only one aspect of the overall development process. Like all OpenTitan components, Ibex emphasizes the importance of design verification (DV) processes, which ensures the reliability of the core, and allows developers to choose Ibex as the foundation for their projects with confidence.</p>
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>In addition to verification, the RTL needs to be consumable by a variety of EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools to ensure compatibility with different developer toolchains. Additionally, having a lint clean RTL helps identify and eliminate potential coding issues that could impact performance or functionality.</p>
 
-<h2 id="how-does-ibex-facilitate-design-verification-and-testing:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c">How does Ibex facilitate design verification and testing?</h2>
+<h2 id="how-does-ibex-facilitate-design-verification-and-testing:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474">How does Ibex facilitate design verification and testing?</h2>
 
 <p>Ibex&rsquo;s DV strategy involves specifying tests that focus on different scenarios, enabling thorough coverage of the code and functionality. By systematically designing tests for different scenarios, our developers have ensured that the core performs as intended across a wide range of use cases.</p>
 
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>Directed tests are carefully crafted to target specific scenarios that might be challenging to achieve through randomized programs alone. By designing directed tests, developers can explore corner cases and edge conditions that could be missed by random stimuli, ensuring comprehensive testing coverage.</p>
 
-<h2 id="what-is-the-role-of-regression-testing:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c">What is the role of regression testing?</h2>
+<h2 id="what-is-the-role-of-regression-testing:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474">What is the role of regression testing?</h2>
 
 <p>Regression testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the consistency and correctness of the Ibex design. As part of lowRISC&rsquo;s working practices, these tests are run regularly to monitor the project&rsquo;s status.</p>
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>To provide transparency and accessibility to the regression test results, lowRISC maintains a public website where the <a href="https://ibex.reports.lowrisc.org/opentitan/latest/report.html">latest reports</a> can be accessed. This report provides comprehensive information about the regression test results, allowing stakeholders and developers to review the project&rsquo;s status, track improvements, and monitor any ongoing issues.</p>
 
-<h2 id="why-work-with-ibex:079ece11399b9a3b810628ac2030f05c">Why work with Ibex?</h2>
+<h2 id="why-work-with-ibex:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474">Why work with Ibex?</h2>
 
 <p>Ibex began as a high quality academic core, zero-riscy, which lowRISC adopted from our OpenTitan partners ETH Zürich, because of its strong alignment with the project’s principles of transparency, high-quality and flexibility. By adding DV and regression testing to Ibex, we have taken an already high-quality design to the next level.</p>
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 <p>Open source projects rely on contributing partners to thrive: support and contributions from the community are essential for success and sustainability. By engaging with contributing partners, Ibex can continue to evolve and improve, benefiting from the collective effort of those who are actively involved.</p>
 
 <p>If you are already using Ibex or are interested in supporting its development, there are opportunities to get involved and make a difference. By reaching out to us at lowRISC via email at <a href="mailto:info@lowrisc.org">info@lowrisc.org</a>, you can express your interest in supporting our work or contributing to the ongoing development of Ibex. Your involvement can help shape the future of Ibex and contribute to the advancement of open source hardware!</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 16 Jun 2023 13:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (The OpenTitan Team)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 16 Jun 2023 13:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (The OpenTitan Team)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>We are delighted to <a href="https://opensource.googleblog.com/2023/06/opentitan-rtl-freeze.html.html">announce</a> an important development for <a href="https://opentitan.org">OpenTitan®</a>: <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/releases/tag/Earlgrey-M2.5.1-RC0">RTL Freeze</a> for the <a href="https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html">Earl Grey</a> discrete, the first OpenTitan chip tapeout. This milestone is a source of immense pride for lowRISC and our OpenTitan partners, because it’s a concrete demonstration of the success of the Silicon Commons™ approach to making silicon radically more transparent and trustworthy.</p>
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>And while this is an exciting milestone for the project, our impact on the industry is just getting started. We see this proof point as an opportunity to continue the work of our carefully crafted community of talented commercial partners, independent developers, and personal contributors to build a truly trusted computing future from the OpenTitan silicon ecosystem.</p>
 
-<p>When we <a href="https://lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">publicly announced OpenTitan</a> as the world’s first open source RoT in 2019, we did so with support from a broad and growing set of friends and partners, including Google, G+D Mobile Security, ETH Zurich, Nuvoton, Winbond, Seagate, Western Digital, Rivos, and now zeroRISC. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for their <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/pulse/monthly">contributions</a> and to the many individuals who have generously shared their expertise and creativity with us over the years.</p>
+<p>When we <a href="https://lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">publicly announced OpenTitan</a> as the world’s first open source RoT in 2019, we did so with support from a broad and growing set of friends and partners, including Google, G+D Mobile Security, ETH Zurich, Nuvoton, Winbond, Seagate, Western Digital, Rivos, and now zeroRISC. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for their <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/pulse/monthly">contributions</a> and to the many individuals who have generously shared their expertise and creativity with us over the years.</p>
 
 <p>lowRISC C.I.C. has been privileged to support this flourishing community since inception. Our  Silicon Commons™ methodology, developed with OpenTitan’s partners to support distributed open silicon collaboration, has enabled commits to grow from 2,500 at launch to over 20,000 today, with more than 165 contributors merging over 13,000 pull requests containing more than 1.5 million lines of code. The Earl Grey chip itself contains 34 unique blocks, each with a standardized, <a href="https://opentitan.org/book/doc/contributing/hw/comportability/index.html">comportable</a> interface. These include hardened KMAC, AES and asymmetric cryptography accelerator blocks plus the <a href="https://github.com/lowrisc/ibex">Ibex 32-bit RISC-V core</a> in a dual-core lockstep configuration. Each element in the ecosystem includes a full suite of open source documentation and design verification, including top-level tests for the full chip.</p>
 
@@ -312,15 +312,15 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_1100x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development' title='Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_1100x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development' title='Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
   >
 
 
 
 
 
-<h2 id="open-source-meets-principled-design:b4ed5c11d6c1def1f5f803fc20890ee5">Open Source meets Principled Design</h2>
+<h2 id="open-source-meets-principled-design:ef1dfcb88a71b56d156ffa0f6b8e2088">Open Source meets Principled Design</h2>
 
 <p>The OpenTitan project has followed <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html">three principles</a> from the start: transparency, high quality, and flexibility. These guide us through every stage of hardware development, ensuring stringent adherence to standards from start through final integration. Comprehensive testbenches, infrastructure, and a robust verification methodology – all in the open source – only reinforce our commitment to quality.</p>
 
@@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 
 <p>OpenTitan’s infrastructure support includes: test frameworks, continuous integration, and per-block device interface functions, host tools to support official OpenTitan® instances, and a formal release process. In combination, these enable successful open source silicon designs and the ability to adopt them with confidence in their stability. As you would expect, our <a href="https://opentitan.org/documentation/index.html">documentation</a> suite includes a <a href="https://opentitan.org/guides/getting_started/index.html">Getting Started Guide</a>, a step-by-step installation guide for starting to work with the OpenTitan design using a Linux workstation.</p>
 
-<h2 id="join-the-opentitan-project:b4ed5c11d6c1def1f5f803fc20890ee5">Join the OpenTitan Project</h2>
+<h2 id="join-the-opentitan-project:ef1dfcb88a71b56d156ffa0f6b8e2088">Join the OpenTitan Project</h2>
 
 <p>We invite you to join the OpenTitan project as we mark this significant milestone towards achieving transparency and trustworthiness in the silicon root of trust. The flourishing OpenTitan community makes inevitable a transparent, trustworthy, and affordable secure computing future.</p>
 
 <p>If you would like to contribute, please visit the open source <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan">GitHub repository</a> or <a href="mailto:get-involved@opentitan.org">get in touch</a> with the OpenTitan team!</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Apr 2023 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are excited to announce today that the <a href="https://opentitan.org">OpenTitan</a> project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.</p>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Apr 2023 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are excited to announce today that the <a href="https://opentitan.org">OpenTitan</a> project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.</p>
 
 <p>Together with our partners, we began the OpenTitan project in 2019 with the goal of producing the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust (RoT). With this new achievement we are a step closer to realising that goal.</p>
 
@@ -342,12 +342,12 @@ The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing
 <p>By following this framework — which mandates a scrupulously neutral and strictly enforced governance approach, a mature, shared continuous integration, verification and development infrastructure, and a rigorous collaborative development workflow —- we have flipped those seven sins into seven virtues.</p>
 
 <p>As a result, we are well on our way to fulfilling our mission to make this fully verified, industrial strength open-source silicon design available to anyone who needs it. You can read more in the full EETimes article <a href="https://www.eetimes.com/ushering-in-a-new-era-for-open-source-silicon-development/">here</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 02 Dec 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 02 Dec 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description>
 &lt;img
-srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner' title='OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner' class='d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto '
+srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner' title='OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner' class='d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto '
 >
-&lt;p>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins <em>their</em> effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).</p>
+&lt;p>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.&lt;/p></description></item><item><title>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins <em>their</em> effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).</p>
 
 <p>And yet, despite the vital role these RoTs play, few people, including even security professionals, are familiar with what a Root of Trust is — or in fact that it even exists. What’s more, given how essential these devices are to the safety of our products and to enabling our modern way of life, RoTs are not as ubiquitous as they should be.</p>
 
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardwa
 <p>While this way of working has become widespread in the <em>software</em> domain — with open source collaboration proving hugely beneficial to businesses and consumers alike — progress on the <em>hardware</em> side has been slower, as chip creators have, perhaps understandably given the huge costs of development, sought to keep their intellectual property to themselves. But the OpenTitan project shows how times are changing. That’s because with open hardware designs, we get not only better security but faster innovation and better products too, making the approach a win-win for business and consumers alike.</p>
 
 <p>So as we round out a month dedicated to increasing cybersecurity awareness — in which we’ve been reminded to strengthen our passwords and promptly install all software updates — remember that small but essential piece of hardware, the silicon RoT. This unsung hero is working behind the scenes to keep your money and data secure, every time you fire up your laptop, unlock your car, or buy a coffee with your phone. So wouldn’t you like to know what’s inside it? With OpenTitan, <a href="https://www.github.com/lowrisc/opentitan">you can</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom</strong>, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.</p>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2022 08:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom</strong>, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.</p>
 
 <p>Eckert holds the chair for IT Security in the Department of Computer Science at Technical University of Munich (TUM) and is director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC) in Munich, overseeing more than 220 researchers. She has over 30 years of research and development experience in the field of IT security, with a focus on new methods and technology to increase embedded system and application security, as well as research aimed at increasing the resilience of systems against attacks.</p>
 
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardwa
 <p>Eckert has received numerous awards and accolades, including the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Society for Information Technology’s Digital Minds award, which honors those who advance digital development in Germany. In 2011, the trade journal Computerwoche ranked Eckert among the top 100 most important personalities in the German ICT landscape.</p>
 
 <p>Media Contact: <a href="mailto:lowrisc@thatcherandco.com">lowrisc@thatcherandco.com</a></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2022 14:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Dominic Rizzo (OpenTitan) and Jason Oberg (Cycuity))</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2022 14:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Dominic Rizzo (OpenTitan) and Jason Oberg (Cycuity))</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p>
 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardwa
 
 <p>Since open source hardware roots of trusts are a new technology – OpenTitan being the first – it is important to transparently create confidence in their correctness. Due to its open availability, Cycuity was able to use the OpenTitan design to demonstrate the effectiveness of using security verification to show the trustworthiness of open source hardware. Collaborating with Professor Ryan Kastner and his lab at UC San Diego, we successfully applied Cycuity’s Radix technology to OpenTitan’s OTP controller, validating some challenging security requirements.</p>
 
-<h2 id="importance-of-security-verification:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7">Importance of Security Verification</h2>
+<h2 id="importance-of-security-verification:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd">Importance of Security Verification</h2>
 
 <p>OpenTitan’s rich suite of security features enables it to be a trustworthy root of trust for the systems that adopt it. Fundamentally, this means these secure features must be maximally correct. Systematically specifying security requirements and then building a security verification plan for those requirements helps achieve the highest levels of assurance for a design.</p>
 
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardwa
 
 <p>Cycuity’s Radix products use information flow, an innovative technology that makes it very efficient to create concise security rules based on requirements and easily identify any violations to security requirements from unknown or unexpected weaknesses in the design. Radix’s security analysis capabilities also make it very effective at helping refine security requirements if they are not clearly defined.</p>
 
-<h2 id="example-security-requirements-for-opentitan-s-otp-controller:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7">Example: Security Requirements for OpenTitan’s OTP Controller</h2>
+<h2 id="example-security-requirements-for-opentitan-s-otp-controller:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd">Example: Security Requirements for OpenTitan’s OTP Controller</h2>
 
 <p>Radix builds security requirements by basing them on design assets. To do so effectively,
 several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:</p>
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:<
 
 <p>From this security requirement, we were able to identify the asset as the RndCnstKey, the security objective as Confidentiality, and the protection boundary as the OTP outputs. With this information, we were able to easily create a Radix security rule and execute it within Radix in order to analyze any security violations.</p>
 
-<h2 id="analyzing-security-violations:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7">Analyzing Security Violations</h2>
+<h2 id="analyzing-security-violations:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd">Analyzing Security Violations</h2>
 
 <p>A critical component of the security verification process is security analysis. This is crucial to ensure that the security requirements are concisely specified, as well as to assist in identifying unknown design weaknesses. By using Radix’s security analysis capabilities, we were able to validate that the random constant key never makes it to the output of the OTP controller in an unscrambled form, which is a good thing.</p>
 
@@ -444,8 +444,8 @@ several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:<
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_1998x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Screenshot of Radix Analysis' title='Screenshot of Radix Analysis' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_1998x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Screenshot of Radix Analysis' title='Screenshot of Radix Analysis' class='mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid '
   >
 
 
@@ -456,12 +456,12 @@ several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:<
 
 <p>This systematic analysis enabled us to provide strong assurance that an adversary is unlikely to recover the random constant key and subvert the mitigations within the OTP controller, since the only way it can get access to key information externally is when the key is in a scrambled form.  We will continue to work on several other design assets and security requirements to verify other important security features within OpenTitan in a similar manner. We will also share the security requirements and findings with the community to help advance OpenTitan’s secure development lifecycle.</p>
 
-<h2 id="summary-takeaways:f7d0691716456ba33483c5e6aa14b2b7">Summary / Takeaways</h2>
+<h2 id="summary-takeaways:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd">Summary / Takeaways</h2>
 
 <p>OpenTitan is a powerful silicon root of trust design with comprehensive security features necessary for building secure systems anchored in hardware. Along with other best practices, defining concise security requirements and performing systematic security verification helps ensure these features are integrated and configured securely throughout the design lifecycle.</p>
 
 <p>With Radix’s unique security analysis capabilities, we were able to identify improvements to the design of select OpenTitan blocks that conventional functional verification techniques can sometimes miss. This has and will continue to increase the assurance in the security that OpenTitan provides openly and transparently.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jun 2022 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.</p>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 02 Jun 2022 09:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.</p>
 
 <p>The acquisition brings added momentum to lowRISC, whose <a href="https://opentitan.org/">OpenTitan</a> project – a collaboration between lowRISC, Google, Western Digital, Seagate and other commercial and academic partners – has created the first transparent, high-quality reference design and integration guidelines for silicon root of trust (RoT) chips. As an open source project, OpenTitan enables the larger community to proactively audit, evaluate and dramatically improve the security properties of the chip design. With the addition of NewAE Technology’s advanced hardware security analysis tools, OpenTitan’s community of partners will now be able to conduct side-channel power analysis and fault injection attacks to uncover vulnerabilities in physical security implementations of their own silicon.</p>
 
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:<
 <p>Side-channel and fault-injection attacks enable attackers to break into and extract information from a secure device. Because these attacks are often non-invasive, they are difficult to detect and some of the most challenging to mitigate. With a side-channel attack, bad actors can obtain cryptographic keys by observing a device’s power consumption to extract critical secrets. Fault-injection attacks occur when an attacker injects a fault into a device to disrupt its intended behavior and access information.</p>
 
 <p>“NewAE and lowRISC’s shared belief in open source hardware made lowRISC a natural home for ChipWhisperer and related projects,” said Colin O’Flynn, CEO, NewAE Technology, Inc. “This alignment brings to the OpenTitan project expertise in precise analysis tools that visualize weaknesses in silicon that would be vulnerable to side-channel and fault-injection attacks. This lets us focus not just on security tooling, but also on an entire stack of embedded security solutions.”</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 15 Jun 2021 11:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC is delighted that <a href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/">Andy Hopper</a>,
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 15 Jun 2021 11:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC is delighted that <a href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/">Andy Hopper</a>,
 lowRISC&rsquo;s independent chair, has been <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-queens-birthday-honours-2021">knighted for services to Computer
 Technology</a>.</p>
 
@@ -490,14 +490,14 @@ lowRISC CIC.</p>
 <p>Sir Andy Hopper, CBE, FIET, FREng, FRS, is Treasurer and Vice-President of the
 Royal Society and Professor of Computer Technology in the Department of
 Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>OpenTitan at One Year</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Last year, along with our <a href="https://opentitan.org/#partners">partners</a>, lowRISC announced <a href="https://opentitan.org/">OpenTitan</a>, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year-open-source.html">Google Security Blog</a> post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.</p>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>OpenTitan at One Year</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Last year, along with our <a href="https://opentitan.org/#partners">partners</a>, lowRISC announced <a href="https://opentitan.org/">OpenTitan</a>, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year-open-source.html">Google Security Blog</a> post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.</p>
 
 <p>OpenTitan’s success demonstrates the value of the lowRISC <a href="https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/digital-technology-and-the-planet/digital-technology-and-the-planet-report.pdf#page=65">collaborative engineering model</a>, wherein our full-stack engineering team allows us to serve as an essential development hub. Our governance support, open source expertise, and engineering contributions, enable us to provide a healthy environment for the development of high quality silicon design and verification IP that solves real-world problems.</p>
 
 <p>You can see this collaborative approach in practice with such blocks as the <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/master/hw/ip/aes">AES</a> accelerator, and the <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex">Ibex processor core</a> at OpenTitan’s heart. These were developed in close collaboration with our partners using the same shared engineering methodology that all lowRISC projects follow to build high quality IP: structured <a href="https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/project/development_stages/">development stages and review processes</a>, our <a href="https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/comportability_specification/">comportable IP</a> framework and adherence to strict <a href="https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/">coding and style guidelines</a>.</p>
 
 <p>We’re excited about OpenTitan&rsquo;s future. It lays the foundation for critical security infrastructure to be built upon an open, trustworthy technology, and provides a pathfinder model for successful open source silicon development to drive widespread adoption and use.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2020 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2020 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 
 
@@ -517,8 +517,8 @@ Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC&#39;s 2020 OpenUK Award' title='lowRISC&#39;s 2020 OpenUK Award' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC&#39;s 2020 OpenUK Award' title='lowRISC&#39;s 2020 OpenUK Award' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -534,10 +534,10 @@ Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p>
 <p>We&rsquo;ve had our heads down working hard, so haven&rsquo;t been writing about our work as much as we&rsquo;d like but we&rsquo;ll be getting a larger update out soon. In the meantime, you can always see what we&rsquo;re up to on our <a href="https://www.github.com/lowRISC">GitHub Repositories</a> and contribute yourself.</p>
 
 <p>Don&rsquo;t forget we&rsquo;re actively hiring, so if you want to get involved in our work full time take a look at our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">Jobs Page</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2020 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Luís Marques)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>At this <a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2020-09/">October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting</a> I presented a 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2020 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Luís Marques)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>At this <a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2020-09/">October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting</a> I presented a 
 
 
-<a href="/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/llvm-dev-meeting-oct-2020-poster.pdf">poster</a>
+<a href="/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/llvm-dev-meeting-oct-2020-poster.pdf">poster</a>
  about how, with a surprisingly simple tool, we were able to rapidly identify, isolate, and fix a range of missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&rsquo;s RISC-V backend.</p>
 
 <p>The <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/longfruit">tool</a> works by generating random C programs, compiling each program with both Clang and GCC (targeting RISC-V) and comparing the assembly generated by both compilers. If it estimates that Clang/LLVM generated worse code than GCC then it saves that case for further analysis. We found that, even with a simple implementation, this tool was surprisingly effective.</p>
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p>
 <p>If you missed the poster session, you can still watch a 5-minute video summary, shown below.</p>
 
 <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/chi74XqWU1c" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel, Sam Elliott, and Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel, Sam Elliott, and Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Time is ticking and summer is almost over already. With that, also our this
 years’ <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC)
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ the resulting designs further improved. Both our students and mentors have been
 working hard and we are pleased to announce that both our two projects described
 below have been completed successfully.</p>
 
-<h2 id="flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:d114fcedc7249d6b754c9f8ccd3d3fbf">Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2>
+<h2 id="flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:e3c03609ab0a0f9848f22352b7bf2286">Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2>
 
 <p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers
 derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design. The problem is that the
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ the future. The design can be used both in RTL simulation and on FPGA.</p>
 
 <p>Flavien was mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p>
 
-<h2 id="yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:d114fcedc7249d6b754c9f8ccd3d3fbf">Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2>
+<h2 id="yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:e3c03609ab0a0f9848f22352b7bf2286">Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2>
 
 <p>Pointer Authentication (PA) uses cryptographic message authentication codes
 (MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of
@@ -651,13 +651,13 @@ about the
 project</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Yuichi was mentored by Pirmin Vogel, Luis Marques, and Sam Elliott.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 18:01:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Sam Elliott and Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2020 18:01:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Sam Elliott and Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>We are pleased to announce that we will be mentoring two students as part of <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC).</p>
 
 <p>We are looking forward to working with Flavien and Yuichi on features and tools to improve IP such as Ibex, our open-source RISC-V core.</p>
 
-<h2 id="flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:c2aa219841f63b0fb8a5fa48c2938fdb">Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2>
+<h2 id="flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:7632e5dc6678dadad5f34231172c35cc">Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2>
 
 <p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design.
 The problem is that the external memory interface is running at a very high speed compared to the core CPU (e.g. a 25MHz core clock speed but external memory running a several hundred MHz).
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ The solution is to implement a memory controller for the FPGA that can accuratel
 
 <p>Flavien will be mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p>
 
-<h2 id="yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:c2aa219841f63b0fb8a5fa48c2938fdb">Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2>
+<h2 id="yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:7632e5dc6678dadad5f34231172c35cc">Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2>
 
 <p>Pointer Authentication uses cryptographic message authentication codes (MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of pointers in order to aggravate attacks targeting arbitrary code execution through malicious manipulation of code and data pointers.
 This project aims to perform a proof-of-concept integration of pointer authentication into Ibex.
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ To this end, new custom instructions need to be added to generate and authentica
 We received many high-quality applications, but unfortunately, we could not accept all of them.</p>
 
 <p>We&rsquo;re excited about the opportunity to bring new people into the open source hardware community and are looking forward to collaborating with Flavien and Yuichi over the coming months.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Students for GSoC projects wanted</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2020 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of Code (GSoC)</a> and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us.
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Students for GSoC projects wanted</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2020 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of Code (GSoC)</a> and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us.
 The GSoC initiative gives students the opportunity to spend the summer break gaining real-world hardware and software development experience while earning a stipend from Google.
 If you&rsquo;re a student interested in applying, we strongly recommend you read up on <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/how-it-works/">how GSoC works</a> and study the <a href="https://google.github.io/gsocguides/student/">Google Summer of Code Student Guide</a>, which contains excellent advice on preparing a high quality proposal.</p>
 
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ Get in contact with us to work with potential lowRISC mentors to prepare your ap
 
 <p>Please check out our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/">project proposals</a> and get in contact with us on our <a href="https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/">Zulip group chat</a>.
 We are keen to start discussing potential projects!</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2020 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2020 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 
 
@@ -719,8 +719,8 @@ We are keen to start discussing potential projects!</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='FOSDEM logo' title='FOSDEM' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='FOSDEM logo' title='FOSDEM' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ We are keen to start discussing potential projects!</p>
 <p>I’ll be giving a talk in the <a href="https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/track/risc_v/">RISC-V devroom</a> at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex">Ibex RISC-V CPU core</a>. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes. I’ll talk about how this analysis was performed and what was required to avoid adversely impacting clock frequency.</p>
 
 <p><em>Update: talk <a href="https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/event/riscv_lowrisc/attachments/slides/3689/export/events/attachments/riscv_lowrisc/slides/3689/20200201_FOSDEM_Ibex_Perf.pdf">slides</a> and <a href="https://ftp.fau.de/fosdem/2020/K.3.401/riscv_lowrisc.mp4">video</a> are now available.</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Dec 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>With the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">recent announcement of OpenTitan</a>, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software.
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Dec 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>With the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">recent announcement of OpenTitan</a>, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software.
 A great place to continue these discussions is the <a href="https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/">RISC-V Summit in San Jose, CA</a> (Dec 10 - 12, 2019).
 lowRISC will showcase its work in the conference track and in the exhibit hall.</p>
 
@@ -748,20 +748,20 @@ Titled &ldquo;Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got The
 <li><a href="https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/agenda/2#software_production-ready-risc-v-support-in-llvmclang-90-how-we-got-there-and-whats-next">Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got There and What&rsquo;s Next</a>. Wednesday, 11 December 2019 1:20pm - 1:40pm, Grand Ballroom 220-C</li>
 <li>Find lowRISC in booth 101 in the exhibit hall.</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Get started with OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 26 Nov 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Get started with OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 26 Nov 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Greg Chadwick)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a
 video that goes through an overview of how the OpenTitan prototype system is
 put together and how to get up and running with our pre-built release
 (providing simulator binaries and pre-built FPGA images for the Nexys Video
 Artix-7 board). It follows the steps from the <a href="https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/quickstart/">OpenTitan Quickstart
 Guide</a>.</p>
 
-<p>You can find out more about OpenTitan from our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">announcement blog</a> and the <a href="https://www.opentitan.org">OpenTitan
+<p>You can find out more about OpenTitan from our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/">announcement blog</a> and the <a href="https://www.opentitan.org">OpenTitan
 website</a>.</p>
 
 <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
   <iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fczdna1Thks" allowfullscreen></iframe>
 </div>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Today, we are excited to unveil the <a href="https://opentitan.org">OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust (RoT) project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p>
 
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ website</a>.</p>
 
 
 <img
-  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg"
+  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg"
   alt='OpenTitan' 
   title='OpenTitan' 
   width='400'
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ Today, at the mid-point of the project, we’re opening up the <a href="https://
 
 
 <img
-  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/opentitan-rot-comparison.svg"
+  src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/opentitan-rot-comparison.svg"
   alt='Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan' 
   title='Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan' 
   width='500'
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ We are delighted to welcome the broader community now that the founding partners
 <p>The OpenTitan silicon root of trust is based around our open source Ibex RISC-V processor core, and adds cryptographic coprocessors, a sophisticated key hierarchy, memory hierarchies for volatile and non-volatile storage, IO peripherals, secure boot, and more.
 The Ibex processor design was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy, then contributed to lowRISC where it has seen substantial further development.</p>
 
-<h2 id="opentitan-the-future-of-collaborative-open-source-silicon-design:56cb3fecc2afbc926c922a40e803922b">OpenTitan: The Future of Collaborative Open Source Silicon Design</h2>
+<h2 id="opentitan-the-future-of-collaborative-open-source-silicon-design:0f9f14d75608f60b0e3ba93624b2b1fa">OpenTitan: The Future of Collaborative Open Source Silicon Design</h2>
 
 <p>At lowRISC, we view OpenTitan as the ideal test case for our collaborative open source silicon development methodology, creating not just a logically secure design, but also a library of well-structured and reusable IP components, and tools for shared working across the ecosystem too. And while it is the first design to be built in this way, it won’t be the last, as we envisage the use of these same principles, collaboration methodologies and flow in future open silicon design projects of similar and greater magnitude and impact, across many different application domains.</p>
 
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ The Ibex processor design was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy,
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, lowRISC CTO and Co-Founder</em><br>
 <em>Professor Andy Hopper, lowRISC Independent Chair</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 13:59:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p class="lead">Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.</p>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 13:59:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p class="lead">Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.</p>
 
 <p>CAMBRIDGE, England&ndash;(BUSINESS WIRE)&ndash;lowRISC C.I.C., the open source silicon and tools collaborative engineering company, today announced that it has partnered with ETH Zürich, Google, G+D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology and Western Digital in support of OpenTitan, an open source hardware root of trust (RoT) reference design and integration guidelines that enable chip producers and platform providers to build transparently implemented, high-quality hardware RoT chips tailored for data center servers and other devices.</p>
 
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ Key benefits of OpenTitan for chip manufacturers and platform providers include:
 <p>Andrew Back<br>
 lowRISC<br>
 press@lowrisc.org</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2019 09:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 
 
@@ -931,8 +931,8 @@ press@lowrisc.org</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Andy Hopper' title='Andy Hopper' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Andy Hopper' title='Andy Hopper' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -977,13 +977,13 @@ of open source silicon design in a variety of high value target applications.</p
 <hr />
 
 <p><em>Dr Robert Mullins, lowRISC Director and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 23 Oct 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 23 Oct 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p><em>Greg Chadwick and Tom Roberts recently joined lowRISC’s growing engineering
 team. They’ve both taken some time to share a little about what they’re doing at
 lowRISC and what motivated them to join.</em></p>
 
-<h3 id="greg:1b825763c3a94080ec9b06870bbb8106">Greg</h3>
+<h3 id="greg:fafd4476a076b919dea6c7c4a3da0ae7">Greg</h3>
 
 
 
@@ -1005,8 +1005,8 @@ lowRISC and what motivated them to join.</em></p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Greg Chadwick photo' title='Greg Chadwick' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Greg Chadwick photo' title='Greg Chadwick' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ contribute to them ourselves. By sharing our work with great documentation and
 writing about how we did it all we can help others follow in our footsteps and
 explore new paths.&rdquo;</p>
 
-<h3 id="tom:1b825763c3a94080ec9b06870bbb8106">Tom</h3>
+<h3 id="tom:fafd4476a076b919dea6c7c4a3da0ae7">Tom</h3>
 
 
 
@@ -1069,8 +1069,8 @@ explore new paths.&rdquo;</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Tom Roberts photo' title='Tom Roberts' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Tom Roberts photo' title='Tom Roberts' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1100,16 +1100,16 @@ hardware efforts forward. We have a number of open job openings - take a look at
 our  <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">jobs page</a> to find out more.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 Oct 2019 16:30:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 Oct 2019 16:30:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Pirmin Vogel)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Our microcontroller-class RISC-V processor core
 <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/">Ibex</a> for sure is a solid base with which to
 start your own project. Over the past months, we have invested a lot of effort
-in making the design more mature. This includes <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/">refactoring the RTL to make the
+in making the design more mature. This includes <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/">refactoring the RTL to make the
 design more understandable and programmer
 friendly</a>,
 adding UVM-based verification to the source tree, but also integrating support
-for the RISC-V compliance suite and <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/">enabling publicly visible, open-source
+for the RISC-V compliance suite and <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/">enabling publicly visible, open-source
 powered continuous integration
 (CI)</a> to keep
 the design stable.</p>
@@ -1141,15 +1141,15 @@ on FPGA.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_800x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board' title='Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_800x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board' title='Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board' class='float-right rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
 
 
 
-<h2 id="arty-a7-fpga-example:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698">Arty A7 FPGA Example</h2>
+<h2 id="arty-a7-fpga-example:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9">Arty A7 FPGA Example</h2>
 
 <p>This is fairly minimal example for the Arty A7 Artix-7 FPGA Development Board
 from Digilent that shows you how to integrate Ibex into a top-level design, how
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ to connect memories and how to compile and run a simple application on the core.
 This example is included in the Ibex tree and is a community contribution by
 Tobias Wölfel. Thanks @towoe!</p>
 
-<h2 id="pulpissimo:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698">PULPissimo</h2>
+<h2 id="pulpissimo:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9">PULPissimo</h2>
 
 <p><a href="https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulpissimo">PULPissimo</a> is the advanced
 microcontroller system from the <a href="https://pulp-platform.org">PULP team</a> at ETH
@@ -1201,8 +1201,8 @@ implement you own modules such as custom accelerators!</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board' title='PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board' class='rounded m-2 mx-auto d-block '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board' title='PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board' class='rounded m-2 mx-auto d-block '
   >
 
 
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ contributed to us in Dec 2018. We are thus even more happy to enable support for
 the latest version of Ibex in the PULPissimo system and give something back to
 the PULP team!</p>
 
-<h2 id="what-s-next:1e2f11dabcc49400b4a108ba0438a698">What’s next?</h2>
+<h2 id="what-s-next:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9">What’s next?</h2>
 
 <p>We continue our efforts on making Ibex more robust and extending functionality.
 We recently added support for Physical Memory Protection and U-mode. This
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ will make Ibex a good candidate for porting embedded and real-time operating
 systems.</p>
 
 <p><em>Pirmin Vogel</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex: Code with Confidence</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Philipp Wagner)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/">Roughly 50 percent of the
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Ibex: Code with Confidence</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Philipp Wagner)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/">Roughly 50 percent of the
 RTL was
 refactored</a>
 recently! We added features, tests, and cleaned the code up.  We and our
@@ -1281,8 +1281,8 @@ visible at Azure Pipelines</a>.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Azure pipeline' title='Azure pipeline' class=''
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Azure pipeline' title='Azure pipeline' class=''
   >
 
 
@@ -1325,8 +1325,8 @@ request!</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Screenshot show checks passed' title='Screenshot show checks passed' class=''
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Screenshot show checks passed' title='Screenshot show checks passed' class=''
   >
 
 
@@ -1347,11 +1347,11 @@ integration in open source hardware projects is uncharted territory for many
 reasons, with licensing of proprietary tools adding further complicationWe will
 continue to expand the coverage of our publicly available continuous
 integration, and we’ll keep you updated here!</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2019 20:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2019 20:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>In the past months, we have invested considerable effort in improving our
 RISC-V core <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/">Ibex</a>. This 2-stage, in-order,
-32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/">contributed to us</a> by ETH Zürich in
+32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/">contributed to us</a> by ETH Zürich in
 December 2018, with activity really ramping up since May. Having been taped out
 multiple times (as zero-riscy) in a mix of academic and industry projects, it
 came to us as a relatively mature code base. Despite this, we have continued to
@@ -1377,8 +1377,8 @@ invest in improving its design and maintainability.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Carl the Ibex' title='Ibex cleaning up' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Carl the Ibex' title='Ibex cleaning up' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1432,8 +1432,8 @@ of the RTL was refactored.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Ibex diffstat' title='Ibex diffstat' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Ibex diffstat' title='Ibex diffstat' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ efforts definitely start to pay off. Including all bug reports since May, our
 average time between receiving an issue report and and merging the
 corresponding bug fix into the master branch at roughly two working days.</p>
 
-<h2 id="from-bug-report-to-fix-in-two-days-the-power-of-open-source:a2dc4fa41735a76aa44f457911fadd1d">From bug report to fix in two days: the power of open source</h2>
+<h2 id="from-bug-report-to-fix-in-two-days-the-power-of-open-source:afbb1af422612e6e6e82b91c6a567454">From bug report to fix in two days: the power of open source</h2>
 
 <p>Looking at those bug reports we note a gradual shift on where they are coming
 from and how the bugs are found, with an increasing proportion of bug reports
@@ -1481,10 +1481,10 @@ your day job! lowRISC is hiring, and you can find details on all of our current
 roles on our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">jobs page</a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Philipp Wagner and Pirmin Vogel</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2019 16:10:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V.
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2019 16:10:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V.
 Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we
 started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved
-successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/">recently announced</a> on the llvm-dev mailing
+successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/">recently announced</a> on the llvm-dev mailing
 list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its
 current status of experimental to an official target. This post explains how
 our testing strategy has evolved as the compiler matured.</p>
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@ packages and to start building the Linux kernel with Clang. We will also
 further investigate code size and generated code performance.</p>
 
 <p><em>Luís Marques</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>On Monday I
 <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-July/133724.html">proposed</a>
@@ -1583,7 +1583,7 @@ users, this also makes it significantly easier for e.g. Rust/Julia/Swift and
 other languages using LLVM for code generation to do so using the
 system-provided LLVM libraries. This will make life easier for those working on
 RISC-V ports of Linux distros encountering issues with Rust dependencies. As
-<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/">Sam mentioned yesterday</a>, we aim to work with the upstream
+<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/">Sam mentioned yesterday</a>, we aim to work with the upstream
 Rust community to help unblock this. 9.0 will branch on the 18th of July with
 the release scheduled for the 28th of August.</p>
 
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ newcomers), great care was taken to ensure backend functionality could be built
 up incrementally. I&rsquo;m delighted that this has frequently been picked out by the
 LLVM community as the golden standard to follow when contributing new targets.</p>
 
-<h2 id="status:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c">Status</h2>
+<h2 id="status:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e">Status</h2>
 
 <p>The RISC-V backend supports the 32- and 64-bit RISC-V base ISAs and all
 standard extensions. i.e. RV32IMAFDC, RV64IMAFDC and the ilp32, ilp32f, ilp32d,
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ LLVM test-suite (failures are almost all related to C++ exception handling,
 which we hope to resolve soon), and we&rsquo;ve been able to get over 90% of
 buildroot&rsquo;s over 2000 packages to build for RISC-V using clang (most failures
 are due to build system issues or GCCisms). We can compile and run meaningful
-programs e.g.  build a rootfs with nginx, serve HTTP requests). See the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/">blog
+programs e.g.  build a rootfs with nginx, serve HTTP requests). See the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/">blog
 post from Luis</a> for many more
 details on this testing.</p>
 
@@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ team</a>. If you&rsquo;re interested in further supporting this work
 or in applying a similar approach to other open source hardware/software
 projects then get in touch at info@lowrisc.org.</p>
 
-<h2 id="thanks:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c">Thanks</h2>
+<h2 id="thanks:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e">Thanks</h2>
 
 <p>As well as the lowRISC toolchain team I would like to thank everyone who gave
 encouragement, helped with funding in order to support this work, or submitted
@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ engineers from organisations such as (alphabetically) AndesTech, Embecosm,
 Google, Qualcomm, and the University of Cambridge have all made notable
 contributions.</p>
 
-<h2 id="next-steps:8c1693179c5c417d4b8c4ef0915dfc6c">Next steps</h2>
+<h2 id="next-steps:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e">Next steps</h2>
 
 <p>Becoming an &ldquo;official&rdquo; backend is a huge milestone, but of course that doesn&rsquo;t
 mean we&rsquo;re done. As well as ongoing maintenance and support, we&rsquo;ll be
@@ -1658,7 +1658,7 @@ Rust/Swift/Julia, adding support for additional LLVM features or RISC-V
 instruction set extensions, and more.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Sam</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jul 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed <a href="/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/">Laura and
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Sam</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jul 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed <a href="/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/">Laura and
 Pirmin</a> in becoming lowRISC’s newest
 employee. A few weeks into his new role, he shares why he joined lowRISC and
 what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.</p>
@@ -1683,8 +1683,8 @@ what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Sam Elliot' title='Sam Elliot' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Sam Elliot' title='Sam Elliot' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1745,7 +1745,7 @@ mission, check out our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">jobs page</a> for
 positions we are looking to fill.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jun 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Andrew Back)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Jun 2019 16:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Andrew Back)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 
 
@@ -1765,8 +1765,8 @@ positions we are looking to fill.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='WOSH logo' title='WOSH logo' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='WOSH logo' title='WOSH logo' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1824,8 +1824,8 @@ Cocotb</a>.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_1280x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC enamel badge' title='lowRISC enamel badge' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_1280x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC enamel badge' title='lowRISC enamel badge' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ the team photo <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/">on the website</a> — i
 needs updating! — be sure to follow the <a href="https://twitter.com/lowrisc">Twitter
 feed</a> for team updates and also be on the lookout
 for people wearing a lowRISC pin.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jun 2019 15:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Philipp Wagner)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 10 Jun 2019 15:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Philipp Wagner)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more
 future-proof chip by embedding an FPGA fabric into it? Could we measure glucose
 levels more accurately by integrating a small bio lab onto a chip? Could we more
 reliably recognize kittens in a set of pictures by implementing neural network
@@ -1894,8 +1894,8 @@ help you get your favorite feature added to Ibex!</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Ibex block diagram' title='Ibex block diagram' class='d-block mx-auto rounded m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Ibex block diagram' title='Ibex block diagram' class='d-block mx-auto rounded m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1929,8 +1929,8 @@ you’re looking to integrate Ibex into one of your designs…</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='University of Manchester design with Ibex core' title='University of Manchester design with Ibex core' class='d-block mx-auto m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='University of Manchester design with Ibex core' title='University of Manchester design with Ibex core' class='d-block mx-auto m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -1938,7 +1938,7 @@ you’re looking to integrate Ibex into one of your designs…</p>
 
 
 <p>Ibex stands on an impressive mountain of engineering, erected by many great
-people mostly at ETH Zürich and the University of Bologna. Before <a href="/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/">it was
+people mostly at ETH Zürich and the University of Bologna. Before <a href="/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/">it was
 contributed to
 lowRISC</a> in
 December 2018, Ibex was called Zero-riscy. The history of the core can be traced
@@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ design, and that’s the legacy lowRISC is proud to build upon.</p>
 
 <p>lowRISC started working on Ibex around the time I joined the engineering team,
 since then we’ve been able to make a range of improvements in collaboration with
-our partners at Google and ETH Zürich, with <a href="/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/">Pirmin also
+our partners at Google and ETH Zürich, with <a href="/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/">Pirmin also
 joining</a> the
 effort recently.</p>
 
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ we’re looking for a broad range of engineers: hardware, software and tooling.
 high-quality free and open source IP? <a href="https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/">Join Philipp for a talk at the Week of
 Open Source Hardware (WOSH) in Zürich, Switzerland on Friday, June
 14.</a></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 03 Jun 2019 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few
 weeks in to their new roles, they each share thoughts on what attracted them to
 work at lowRISC.</p>
 
@@ -2002,8 +2002,8 @@ work at lowRISC.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Pirmin Vogel' title='Pirmin Vogel' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Pirmin Vogel' title='Pirmin Vogel' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -2063,8 +2063,8 @@ serious alternative.&rdquo;</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Laura James' title='Laura James' class='float-right m-2 '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Laura James' title='Laura James' class='float-right m-2 '
   >
 
 
@@ -2137,7 +2137,7 @@ to be part of the open source silicon revolution, we presently have a number
 of openings and I&rsquo;d encourage you to take a look at the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">jobs page</a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2019 18:40:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/">press
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2019 18:40:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/">press
 release</a> and the
 <a href="https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/05/google-fosters-open-source-hardware.html">corresponding Google blog
 post</a>.
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ and shiny new <a href="https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/register/">Zulip group chat
 join and say hi.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2019 17:50:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2019 17:50:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p><em>London, England - lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC)
 organisation, today announced that Prof. Luca Benini (ETH Zurich), Dominic
@@ -2208,8 +2208,8 @@ during 2019.</em></p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC board' title='lowRISC board' class=''
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='lowRISC board' title='lowRISC board' class=''
   >
 
 
@@ -2257,7 +2257,7 @@ vision,” said Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google.</p>
 <p>Please visit our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/">jobs</a> page for more
 information on how lowRISC is expanding our engineering organization.</p>
 
-<h2 id="about-lowrisc:3ae8a44f05106f2746ef878301015e47">About lowRISC</h2>
+<h2 id="about-lowrisc:24afd861c555f1848be6d6d7fe8522e3">About lowRISC</h2>
 
 <p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote
 and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of
@@ -2272,7 +2272,7 @@ processor design.</p>
 Andrew Back
 lowRISC
 press@lowrisc.org</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2019 17:58:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Several lowRISC team members attended the <a href="https://sifivetechsymposium.com/agenda-cambridge/">SiFive
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2019 17:58:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Several lowRISC team members attended the <a href="https://sifivetechsymposium.com/agenda-cambridge/">SiFive
 Symposium</a> in our home town
 of Cambridge on May 13th 2019, a lovely sunny day.</p>
 
@@ -2305,8 +2305,8 @@ hardware world. (We hope to be able to share the video soon!)</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Alex speaking' title='Alex speaking' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Alex speaking' title='Alex speaking' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -2332,8 +2332,8 @@ hardware world. (We hope to be able to share the video soon!)</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Open source hardware in industry' title='Open source hardware in industry' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='Open source hardware in industry' title='Open source hardware in industry' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ hardware world. (We hope to be able to share the video soon!)</p>
 organisations, both from Cambridge and further afield. We also got to meet
 community members and to catch up with friends from Embecosm, the RISC-V
 Foundation, the Computer Lab and more.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2018 09:50:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/">lowRISC 0.6 milestone release</a>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 12 Nov 2018 09:50:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/">lowRISC 0.6 milestone release</a>
 is now available. This release includes an updated version of the Rocket
 RISC-V core, a higher core clock frequency, JTAG debugging support, Ethernet
 improvements, and more. See the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/">release notes</a>, for full details. We&rsquo;ve also taken the
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ list</a>.
 As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
 advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas. With special thanks to Jonathan
 Kimmitt who has been the driving force behind this release.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2018 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2018 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/">eighth RISC-V
 workshop</a> is
@@ -2370,13 +2370,13 @@ continuing
 today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
 announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<p>Look back <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/">here</a> for
+<p>Look back <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/">here</a> for
 the day one live blog.</p>
 
 <p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href="https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/">available at
 riscv.org</a>.</p>
 
-<h2 id="fast-interrupts-for-risc-v-krste-asanovic:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic</h2>
+<h2 id="fast-interrupts-for-risc-v-krste-asanovic:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Embedded is a major use for RISC-V. There is a desire for faster interrupt
@@ -2453,7 +2453,7 @@ interrupt level, &lsquo;mil&rsquo;. Now multiple levels must be tracked, which K
 proposes could be stored in mcause.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-dsp-p-extension-proposal-chuan-hua-chang:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">RISC-V DSP (P) extension proposal: Chuan-Hua Chang</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-dsp-p-extension-proposal-chuan-hua-chang:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">RISC-V DSP (P) extension proposal: Chuan-Hua Chang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>P extension task group will define and ratify a packed-SIMD DSP extension
@@ -2474,7 +2474,7 @@ course still use a 2R1W register file, but use multiple cycles to read a
 <li>After the task group is created, bi-weekly meetings will be set up.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="security-task-group-update-richard-newell:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Security task group update: Richard Newell</h2>
+<h2 id="security-task-group-update-richard-newell:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Security task group update: Richard Newell</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The security group was previously a task group of the technical committee.
@@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ trusted execution environments for microcontroller</li>
 <li>The full charter will be published on riscv.org</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="formal-assurance-for-risc-v-implementations-daniel-m-zimmerman:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Formal assurance for RISC-V implementations: Daniel M. Zimmerman</h2>
+<h2 id="formal-assurance-for-risc-v-implementations-daniel-m-zimmerman:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Formal assurance for RISC-V implementations: Daniel M. Zimmerman</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Galois started with a focus on cryptography, but has broadened its scope to
@@ -2536,7 +2536,7 @@ existing metrics work for security</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="undefined-unspecified-non-deterministic-and-implementation-defined-behavior-in-verifiable-specifications-clifford-wolf:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Undefined, Unspecified, Non-deterministic, and Implementation Defined Behavior in Verifiable Specifications: Clifford Wolf</h2>
+<h2 id="undefined-unspecified-non-deterministic-and-implementation-defined-behavior-in-verifiable-specifications-clifford-wolf:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Undefined, Unspecified, Non-deterministic, and Implementation Defined Behavior in Verifiable Specifications: Clifford Wolf</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Users of an ISA specification
@@ -2567,7 +2567,7 @@ state what all implementations must do.</li>
 behaviour.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="foundational-hpc-systems-in-2020-and-beyond-steven-wallach:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Foundational HPC systems in 2020 and beyond: Steven Wallach</h2>
+<h2 id="foundational-hpc-systems-in-2020-and-beyond-steven-wallach:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Foundational HPC systems in 2020 and beyond: Steven Wallach</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Architecture 1.0 (see Mark Hill paper). The world was very
@@ -2591,7 +2591,7 @@ virtual into 128-bit virtual. Also map system calls.</li>
 <li>Steven suggests disabling speculation if kernel objects are referenced.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="european-processor-initiative-and-risc-v-mateo-valero:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">European processor initiative and RISC-V: Mateo Valero</h2>
+<h2 id="european-processor-initiative-and-risc-v-mateo-valero:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">European processor initiative and RISC-V: Mateo Valero</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>BSC-CNS is a consortium including the Spanish government, Catalan
@@ -2625,7 +2625,7 @@ will be system integrator / chip integrator.</li>
 supporting MPI+OpenMP</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="securing-high-performance-risc-v-processors-from-time-speculation-chris-celio:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Securing High-performance RISC-V Processors from Time Speculation: Chris Celio</h2>
+<h2 id="securing-high-performance-risc-v-processors-from-time-speculation-chris-celio:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Securing High-performance RISC-V Processors from Time Speculation: Chris Celio</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Meltdown and Spectre don&rsquo;t just impact a single processor design or a single
@@ -2664,7 +2664,7 @@ can leak time</li>
 <li>Many other ideas (see the full list in the slides!)</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="evaluation-of-risc-v-for-pixel-visual-core-matt-cockrell:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Evaluation of RISC-V for Pixel Visual Core: Matt Cockrell</h2>
+<h2 id="evaluation-of-risc-v-for-pixel-visual-core-matt-cockrell:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Evaluation of RISC-V for Pixel Visual Core: Matt Cockrell</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Background: the Pixel Visual Core is a Google-design Image Processing Unit
@@ -2697,7 +2697,7 @@ as sync/asnc clocks, power domains, clock domains etc</li>
 evaluate performance impact after adding RI5CY to the Pixel Visual Core.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="linux-ready-rv-gc-andescore-with-architecture-extensions-charlie-su:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Linux-Ready RV-GC AndesCore with Architecture Extensions: Charlie Su</h2>
+<h2 id="linux-ready-rv-gc-andescore-with-architecture-extensions-charlie-su:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Linux-Ready RV-GC AndesCore with Architecture Extensions: Charlie Su</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The AndeStar V5 architecture adopts RISC-V and adds pre-defined useful Andes
@@ -2735,7 +2735,7 @@ loadable modules, Linux perf.</li>
 <li>openSUSE is helping to enable their &lsquo;EBBR&rsquo; specification for RISC-V</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="processor-trace-in-a-holistic-world-gajinder-panesar:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Processor trace in a holistic world: Gajinder Panesar</h2>
+<h2 id="processor-trace-in-a-holistic-world-gajinder-panesar:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Processor trace in a holistic world: Gajinder Panesar</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Understanding program behaviour in complex system isn&rsquo;t easy, and using a
@@ -2756,7 +2756,7 @@ benchmarks.</li>
 and a compressed branch trace format</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-meets-22fdx-an-open-source-ultra-low-power-microcontroller-for-advanced-fdsoi-technologies-pasquale-schiavone-and-sanjay-charagulla:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">RISC-V meets 22FDX. An open source ultra-low power microcontroller for advanced FDSOI technologies: Pasquale Schiavone and Sanjay Charagulla</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-meets-22fdx-an-open-source-ultra-low-power-microcontroller-for-advanced-fdsoi-technologies-pasquale-schiavone-and-sanjay-charagulla:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">RISC-V meets 22FDX. An open source ultra-low power microcontroller for advanced FDSOI technologies: Pasquale Schiavone and Sanjay Charagulla</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>PULP was design for near sensor (aka edge) processing.</li>
@@ -2782,7 +2782,7 @@ include SiFive, Andes, Reduced Energy Microsystems, &hellip;</li>
 on GF FDX22 process</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="ariane-an-open-source-64-bit-risc-v-application-class-processor-and-latest-improvements-florian-zaruba:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">Ariane. An Open-Source 64-bit RISC-V Application Class Processor and latest improvements: Florian Zaruba</h2>
+<h2 id="ariane-an-open-source-64-bit-risc-v-application-class-processor-and-latest-improvements-florian-zaruba:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">Ariane. An Open-Source 64-bit RISC-V Application Class Processor and latest improvements: Florian Zaruba</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Ariane is a Linux-capable 64-bit core</li>
@@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@ for atomic memory operations</li>
 multithreading, cache-coherent interconnect, &hellip;</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-support-for-persistent-memory-systems-matheus-ogleari:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">RISC-V support for persistent memory systems: Matheus Ogleari</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-support-for-persistent-memory-systems-matheus-ogleari:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">RISC-V support for persistent memory systems: Matheus Ogleari</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>(Missed the first few minutes I&rsquo;m afraid)</li>
@@ -2848,7 +2848,7 @@ memory), ucld (uncacheable read from memory)</li>
 would allow people to start work using software simulation tools.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-hybrid-threading-processor-for-sparse-data-kernels-tony-brewer:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">The hybrid threading processor for sparse data kernels: Tony Brewer</h2>
+<h2 id="the-hybrid-threading-processor-for-sparse-data-kernels-tony-brewer:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">The hybrid threading processor for sparse data kernels: Tony Brewer</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Sparse data sets that greatly exceed a processor&rsquo;s cache size are a
@@ -2873,7 +2873,7 @@ performed power estimation.</li>
 Nvidia DGX-1. Saw ~25x better energy efficiency.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="how-pulp-based-platforms-are-helping-security-research-frank-gurkaynak:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">How PULP-based platforms are helping security research: Frank Gurkaynak</h2>
+<h2 id="how-pulp-based-platforms-are-helping-security-research-frank-gurkaynak:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">How PULP-based platforms are helping security research: Frank Gurkaynak</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Security of the system is not limited to just &ldquo;one part&rdquo;. You need to
@@ -2904,7 +2904,7 @@ is 91.51% within 1 cycle rising to 99.95% within 3 cycles.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-virtual-platforms-for-early-risc-v-embedded-software-development-kevin-mcdermott:d2f16b96a9dcad25ca9611e08b0e618f">RISC-V virtual platforms for early RISC-V embedded software development: Kevin McDermott</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-virtual-platforms-for-early-risc-v-embedded-software-development-kevin-mcdermott:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5">RISC-V virtual platforms for early RISC-V embedded software development: Kevin McDermott</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>New markets have new software requirements</li>
@@ -2916,7 +2916,7 @@ with software set-up, allowing users to start quickly.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2018 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2018 07:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/">eighth RISC-V
 workshop</a> is
@@ -2924,13 +2924,13 @@ going
 on today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
 announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<p>Follow <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/">here</a> for the
+<p>Follow <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/">here</a> for the
 day two live blog.</p>
 
 <p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href="https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/">available at
 riscv.org</a>.</p>
 
-<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This workshop has 325 attendees representing 101 companies and 25
@@ -2940,7 +2940,7 @@ universties. Largest outside of Silicon Valley.</li>
 members. These members are distributed across 25 countries around the world.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Krste gives an overview of the RISC-V ISA for newcomers.</li>
@@ -3036,7 +3036,7 @@ vice-chair Joe Kiniry (Galois Research).</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-state-of-risc-v-software-palmer-dabbelt:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">The state of RISC-V software: Palmer Dabbelt</h2>
+<h2 id="the-state-of-risc-v-software-palmer-dabbelt:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">The state of RISC-V software: Palmer Dabbelt</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Palmer shows a picture of Xorg with web browser, terminal, webcam, and a 3d
@@ -3073,7 +3073,7 @@ types of RISC-V systems. e.g. bare-metal embedded, RTOS, embedded Linux,
 portable Linux.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-risc-v-vector-isa-update-roger-espassa:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">The RISC-V vector ISA update: Roger Espassa</h2>
+<h2 id="the-risc-v-vector-isa-update-roger-espassa:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">The RISC-V vector ISA update: Roger Espassa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The spec isn&rsquo;t yet ready&hellip;but it&rsquo;s getting really close</li>
@@ -3101,7 +3101,7 @@ merge, vector-fp merge, slide down / slide up</li>
 <li>Haven&rsquo;t yet started on formal spec for the vector ISA</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-isa-formal-spec-technical-update-rishiyur-nikhil:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">The ISA formal spec technical update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
+<h2 id="the-isa-formal-spec-technical-update-rishiyur-nikhil:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">The ISA formal spec technical update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>What what use is an ISA formal spec?
@@ -3152,7 +3152,7 @@ the weak memory model.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The specification is released for public comment, which will run through to
@@ -3188,7 +3188,7 @@ available online.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="software-drives-hardware-lessons-learned-and-future-directions-robert-oshana:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Software drives hardware. Lessons learned and future directions: Robert Oshana</h2>
+<h2 id="software-drives-hardware-lessons-learned-and-future-directions-robert-oshana:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Software drives hardware. Lessons learned and future directions: Robert Oshana</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Software engineers can innovate earlier/often and drive more specific core
@@ -3220,7 +3220,7 @@ architecture
 Ecosystem is vital to success.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="unleashing-the-power-of-data-with-risc-v-martin-fink:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Unleashing the power of data with RISC-V: Martin Fink</h2>
+<h2 id="unleashing-the-power-of-data-with-risc-v-martin-fink:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Unleashing the power of data with RISC-V: Martin Fink</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why has Western Digital made such a big commitment to RISC-V even though
@@ -3271,7 +3271,7 @@ cores? Would like to, but not making a commitment today. One of the challenges
 is uncoupling from the uncore. Ultimately hope to share cores and IP blocks.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-debugging-custom-isa-extensions-multicore-dtm-variants-markus-goehrle:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">RISC-V debugging. Custom ISA extensions, multicore, DTM variants: Markus Goehrle</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-debugging-custom-isa-extensions-multicore-dtm-variants-markus-goehrle:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">RISC-V debugging. Custom ISA extensions, multicore, DTM variants: Markus Goehrle</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Support for a variety of external and internal interfaces, as well as
@@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ People are also doing custom solutions for trace. The speaker strongly urges
 people to feed into the debug specification standardisation process.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="gdb-for-risc-v-jeremy-bennett:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">GDB for RISC-V: Jeremy Bennett</h2>
+<h2 id="gdb-for-risc-v-jeremy-bennett:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">GDB for RISC-V: Jeremy Bennett</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>GDB support was committed upstream as of early March, including basic bare
@@ -3309,7 +3309,7 @@ for RISC-V with a 36-core system. More work is needed for complex address
 spaces (e.g. where some memory is shared with other inferiors).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-common-software-development-environment-for-many-core-risc-v-hardware-and-virtual-platforms-gajinder-panessar-and-simon-davidmann:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">A common software development environment for many-core RISC-V hardware and virtual platforms: Gajinder Panessar and Simon Davidmann</h2>
+<h2 id="a-common-software-development-environment-for-many-core-risc-v-hardware-and-virtual-platforms-gajinder-panessar-and-simon-davidmann:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">A common software development environment for many-core RISC-V hardware and virtual platforms: Gajinder Panessar and Simon Davidmann</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Talking today about a collaboration between Imperas and UltraSoC to provide
@@ -3328,7 +3328,7 @@ poor control, and bugs may occur non-deterministically.</li>
 <li>Imperas and UltraSoC have collaborated to provide a common solution.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="hifive-unleashed-world-s-first-multi-core-risc-v-linux-dev-board-yunsup-lee:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">HiFive unleashed. World&rsquo;s First Multi-Core RISC-V Linux Dev Board: Yunsup Lee</h2>
+<h2 id="hifive-unleashed-world-s-first-multi-core-risc-v-linux-dev-board-yunsup-lee:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">HiFive unleashed. World&rsquo;s First Multi-Core RISC-V Linux Dev Board: Yunsup Lee</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>When Instagram was acquired for $1B it has just 13 engineers. They achieved
@@ -3354,7 +3354,7 @@ RISC-V Summit in December. Deadline is the end of October.</li>
 industry.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="hifive-unleashed-expansion-kit-ted-marena:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">HiFive unleashed expansion kit: Ted Marena</h2>
+<h2 id="hifive-unleashed-expansion-kit-ted-marena:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">HiFive unleashed expansion kit: Ted Marena</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Marketing update: Looking for collaboration on a porting to RISC-V
@@ -3371,7 +3371,7 @@ functionality. Neither will RISC-V SoCs.</li>
 enabling the community to port tools, OSes, middleware, packages to RISC-V.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="simulating-heterogeneous-multi-node-32-bit-and-64-bit-risc-v-systems-running-linux-and-zephry-with-renode-michael-gielda:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Simulating heterogeneous multi-node 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V systems running Linux and Zephry with Renode: Michael Gielda</h2>
+<h2 id="simulating-heterogeneous-multi-node-32-bit-and-64-bit-risc-v-systems-running-linux-and-zephry-with-renode-michael-gielda:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Simulating heterogeneous multi-node 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V systems running Linux and Zephry with Renode: Michael Gielda</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Antmicro: &lsquo;turn ideas into software-driven products&rsquo;</li>
@@ -3389,7 +3389,7 @@ devices in one time domain.</li>
 <li>Can save and restore whole simulation state.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="debian-gnu-linux-port-for-risc-v-64-bit-manuel-fernandez-montecelo:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Debian GNU/Linux port for RISC-V 64-bit: Manuel Fernandez Montecelo</h2>
+<h2 id="debian-gnu-linux-port-for-risc-v-64-bit-manuel-fernandez-montecelo:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Debian GNU/Linux port for RISC-V 64-bit: Manuel Fernandez Montecelo</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Goal is to have Debian ready to install and run on RISC-V systems.</li>
@@ -3432,7 +3432,7 @@ remaining packages are either very large or difficult.</li>
 helped make this port happen!</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="fedora-on-risc-v-richard-jones:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Fedora on RISC-V: Richard Jones</h2>
+<h2 id="fedora-on-risc-v-richard-jones:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Fedora on RISC-V: Richard Jones</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Every few years Red Hat Enterprise Linux is forked from Fedora.</li>
@@ -3459,7 +3459,7 @@ made</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="smallest-risc-v-device-for-next-generation-edge-computing-seiji-munetoh:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Smallest RISC-V device for next-generation edge computing: Seiji Munetoh</h2>
+<h2 id="smallest-risc-v-device-for-next-generation-edge-computing-seiji-munetoh:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Smallest RISC-V device for next-generation edge computing: Seiji Munetoh</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>First target application is authentication. HMAC-SHA256 and variants</li>
@@ -3484,7 +3484,7 @@ Ended up using an 8-bit bus configuration.</li>
 design with instruction cache, RF interface, sensors.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="poster-and-demo-previews:2362d622cd60bdb9d5eb8a1222aae504">Poster and demo previews</h2>
+<h2 id="poster-and-demo-previews:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447">Poster and demo previews</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Far too fast-paced to summarise. Be sure to come back tomorrow for a new
@@ -3493,7 +3493,7 @@ the poster session.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Jan 2018 14:45:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/">lowRISC 0.5 milestone release</a>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 12 Jan 2018 14:45:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/">lowRISC 0.5 milestone release</a>
 is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/">accompanying
 documentation</a>, but the main focus
 is the integration of open-source Ethernet IP. The tutorial demonstrates how
@@ -3511,14 +3511,14 @@ repository</a>, or discuss on our
 list</a>.
 As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
 advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2017 15:16:45 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2017 15:16:45 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/">seventh RISC-V
 workshop</a> is concluding
 today at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of
 talks and announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="celerity-an-open-source-511-core-risc-v-tiered-accelerator-fabric-michael-taylor:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor</h2>
+<h2 id="celerity-an-open-source-511-core-risc-v-tiered-accelerator-fabric-michael-taylor:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Built in only 9 months.</li>
@@ -3558,7 +3558,7 @@ packaging, PCBs. See <a href="http://bjump.org">bjump.org</a>.</li>
 <li>The BaseJump STL contains several hundred modules, all parameterised.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-pulp-cores-a-set-of-open-source-ultra-low-power-risc-v-cores-for-internet-of-things-applications-pasquale-davide-schiavone:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">The PULP Cores. A Set of Open-Source Ultra-Low-Power RISC-V Cores for Internet-of-Things Applications: Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2>
+<h2 id="the-pulp-cores-a-set-of-open-source-ultra-low-power-risc-v-cores-for-internet-of-things-applications-pasquale-davide-schiavone:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">The PULP Cores. A Set of Open-Source Ultra-Low-Power RISC-V Cores for Internet-of-Things Applications: Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>PULP: Parallel Ultra-Low Power.</li>
@@ -3585,7 +3585,7 @@ Micron, Microsemi, Cadence, ST, Google, Intel.</li>
 subsystem, new interrupt controller, new SDK etc. Taping out on GF22 soon.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="boom-v2-an-open-source-out-of-order-risc-v-core-chris-celio:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">BOOM v2. An open-source out-of-order RISC-V core: Chris Celio</h2>
+<h2 id="boom-v2-an-open-source-out-of-order-risc-v-core-chris-celio:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">BOOM v2. An open-source out-of-order RISC-V core: Chris Celio</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Out of order superscalar implementing RV64g. Open source and written in
@@ -3623,7 +3623,7 @@ joining Esperanto Technologies, but is committed to maintain the BOOM
 open-source repository.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="rocket-engines-easy-custom-risc-v-cores-through-reuse-albert-magyar:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Rocket Engines. Easy, custom RISC-V cores through reuse: Albert Magyar</h2>
+<h2 id="rocket-engines-easy-custom-risc-v-cores-through-reuse-albert-magyar:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Rocket Engines. Easy, custom RISC-V cores through reuse: Albert Magyar</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why are there so many RISC-V cores (or: why not reuse rocket?). Often a
@@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@ external interrupt controller.</li>
 riscv-formal.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-perspective-on-the-role-of-open-source-ip-in-government-electronic-systems-linton-salmon:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">A Perspective on the Role of Open-Source IP in Government Electronic Systems: Linton Salmon</h2>
+<h2 id="a-perspective-on-the-role-of-open-source-ip-in-government-electronic-systems-linton-salmon:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">A Perspective on the Role of Open-Source IP in Government Electronic Systems: Linton Salmon</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The USD Department of Defence (DoD) needs custom SoCs. Custom ICs are
@@ -3709,7 +3709,7 @@ and systems.</li>
 <li>POSH: an open source System on Chip design and IP ecosystem.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="boosting-risc-v-isa-with-open-source-peripherals-an-soc-for-low-power-sensors-elkim-roa:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Boosting RISC-V ISA with Open Source Peripherals. An SoC for Low Power Sensors: Elkim Roa</h2>
+<h2 id="boosting-risc-v-isa-with-open-source-peripherals-an-soc-for-low-power-sensors-elkim-roa:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Boosting RISC-V ISA with Open Source Peripherals. An SoC for Low Power Sensors: Elkim Roa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Challenges: ready-to-plug IP and expensive licenses.</li>
@@ -3729,7 +3729,7 @@ SiFive Designshare program.</li>
 like SATA, PCIe, USB next year. Hope to have a qualified range of IP in 2019.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="picosoc-how-we-created-a-risc-v-based-asic-processor-using-a-full-open-source-foundry-targeted-rtl-to-gds-flow-and-how-you-can-too-tim-edwards:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">PicoSoC: How we created a RISC-V based ASIC processor using a full open source foundry-targeted RTL-to-GDS flow, and how you can, too!: Tim Edwards</h2>
+<h2 id="picosoc-how-we-created-a-risc-v-based-asic-processor-using-a-full-open-source-foundry-targeted-rtl-to-gds-flow-and-how-you-can-too-tim-edwards:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">PicoSoC: How we created a RISC-V based ASIC processor using a full open source foundry-targeted RTL-to-GDS flow, and how you can, too!: Tim Edwards</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Created an ASIC version of a RISC-V core (PicoRV32) using an entirely open
@@ -3747,7 +3747,7 @@ CloudV-based design environment.</li>
 <li>This is brought together in the efabless Open Galaxy Design Environment.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="tilelink-a-free-and-open-source-high-performance-scalable-cache-coherent-fabric-designed-for-risc-v-wesley-terpstra:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">TileLink. A free and open-source, high-performance scalable cache-coherent fabric designed for RISC-V: Wesley Terpstra</h2>
+<h2 id="tilelink-a-free-and-open-source-high-performance-scalable-cache-coherent-fabric-designed-for-risc-v-wesley-terpstra:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">TileLink. A free and open-source, high-performance scalable cache-coherent fabric designed for RISC-V: Wesley Terpstra</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Requirements for a RISC-V bus: Open standard, easy to implemented,
@@ -3788,7 +3788,7 @@ message priority. Messages are transmitted using multi-beat bursts. Use
 ready-valid.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-risc-v-vector-isa-roger-espasa:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">The RISC-V Vector ISA: Roger Espasa</h2>
+<h2 id="the-risc-v-vector-isa-roger-espasa:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">The RISC-V Vector ISA: Roger Espasa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why a vector extension? Reduce instruction bandwidth, reduce memory
@@ -3881,7 +3881,7 @@ matrix shapes.</li>
 <li>Current spec on GitHub is out-of-date.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="security-task-group-update-and-risc-v-security-extension-richard-newell:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Security task group update and RISC-V security extension: Richard Newell</h2>
+<h2 id="security-task-group-update-and-risc-v-security-extension-richard-newell:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Security task group update and RISC-V security extension: Richard Newell</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The security working group works in two main areas. Trusted execution /
@@ -3906,7 +3906,7 @@ suites / libraries. Be sure to check it out once the slides become available!</l
 e.g. a profile for &ldquo;internet&rdquo;, &ldquo;finance&rdquo;, and &ldquo;cellular&rdquo;.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="using-proposed-vector-and-crypto-extensions-for-fast-and-secure-boot-richard-newell:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Using proposed vector and crypto extensions for fast and secure boot: Richard Newell</h2>
+<h2 id="using-proposed-vector-and-crypto-extensions-for-fast-and-secure-boot-richard-newell:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Using proposed vector and crypto extensions for fast and secure boot: Richard Newell</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Richard is giving a great summary of implementing various crypto algorithms
@@ -3919,7 +3919,7 @@ SecureRF. Saw a 3x speedup with crypto extensions vs without crypto
 extensions.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="using-risc-v-as-a-security-processor-for-darpa-chips-and-commercial-iot-mark-beal:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Using RISC-V as a security processor for DARPA CHIPS and Commercial IoT: Mark Beal</h2>
+<h2 id="using-risc-v-as-a-security-processor-for-darpa-chips-and-commercial-iot-mark-beal:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Using RISC-V as a security processor for DARPA CHIPS and Commercial IoT: Mark Beal</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This talk is about leveraging RISC-V to deliver integrated hw/sw silicon IP.</li>
@@ -3938,7 +3938,7 @@ API. Replace TinyCrypt on Rocket with a call to an API running on the Secure
 RV32.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="isa-formal-task-group-update-rishiyur-nikhil:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">ISA Formal Task Group Update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
+<h2 id="isa-formal-task-group-update-rishiyur-nikhil:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">ISA Formal Task Group Update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>A formal spec is a key requirement to be able to definitively answer
@@ -3965,7 +3965,7 @@ Soon want to implement privilege spec supervisor mode, then A, C, F, D,
 integration with the memory model.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="strong-formal-verification-for-risc-v-adam-chlipala:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Strong formal verification for RISC-V: Adam Chlipala</h2>
+<h2 id="strong-formal-verification-for-risc-v-adam-chlipala:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Strong formal verification for RISC-V: Adam Chlipala</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Simplify: start by proving a shallow property, proving some straight-forward
@@ -4002,7 +4002,7 @@ cache-coherent memory system.</li>
 verified accelerators.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="grvi-phalanz-update-jan-gray:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">GRVI Phalanz Update: Jan Gray</h2>
+<h2 id="grvi-phalanz-update-jan-gray:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">GRVI Phalanz Update: Jan Gray</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The industry is looking to FPGAs to help accelerate cloud workloads.</li>
@@ -4038,7 +4038,7 @@ an OpenCL-based solution. Use the new &lsquo;SDAccell for RTL&rsquo;.</li>
 excellent RISC-V ecosystem.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-tightly-coupled-light-weight-neural-network-processing-unit-with-risc-v-core-lei-zhang:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">A tightly-coupled light-weight neural network processing unit with RISC-V Core: Lei Zhang</h2>
+<h2 id="a-tightly-coupled-light-weight-neural-network-processing-unit-with-risc-v-core-lei-zhang:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">A tightly-coupled light-weight neural network processing unit with RISC-V Core: Lei Zhang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Neural networks can be used to replace computation-intensive but
@@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ processing elements.</li>
 <li>The Neural Accelerator is a one-dimensional systolic array.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="lacore-a-risc-v-based-linear-algebra-accelerator-for-soc-designs-samuel-steffi:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Lacore: A RISC-V based linear algebra accelerator for SoC designs: Samuel Steffi</h2>
+<h2 id="lacore-a-risc-v-based-linear-algebra-accelerator-for-soc-designs-samuel-steffi:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Lacore: A RISC-V based linear algebra accelerator for SoC designs: Samuel Steffi</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Linear algebra is a foundation of high performance computing.</li>
@@ -4090,7 +4090,7 @@ with 2 streaming multiprocessors. LACore saw a speedup of 3.43x over x86,
 ASIC implementation and eventual tapeout.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="packet-manipulation-processor-a-risc-v-vliw-core-for-networking-applications-salvatore-pontarelli:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Packet manipulation processor. A RISC-v VLIW core for networking applications: Salvatore Pontarelli</h2>
+<h2 id="packet-manipulation-processor-a-risc-v-vliw-core-for-networking-applications-salvatore-pontarelli:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Packet manipulation processor. A RISC-v VLIW core for networking applications: Salvatore Pontarelli</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Network &ldquo;softwareization&rdquo; is seen as the optimal solution to design next
@@ -4116,7 +4116,7 @@ prediction, lane forwarding.</li>
 <li>Synthesized at 250MHz on FPGA.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="adding-a-binarized-cnn-accelerator-to-risc-v-for-person-detection-guy-lemieux:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Adding a Binarized CNN Accelerator to RISC-V for Person Detection: Guy Lemieux</h2>
+<h2 id="adding-a-binarized-cnn-accelerator-to-risc-v-for-person-detection-guy-lemieux:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Adding a Binarized CNN Accelerator to RISC-V for Person Detection: Guy Lemieux</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This talk uses VectorBlox Vector instructions, which are not the same as the
@@ -4154,7 +4154,7 @@ vector register renaming.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc5-improving-support-for-risc-v-in-gem5-alex-roelke:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">RISC5. Improving support for RISC-V in gem5: Alex Roelke</h2>
+<h2 id="risc5-improving-support-for-risc-v-in-gem5-alex-roelke:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">RISC5. Improving support for RISC-V in gem5: Alex Roelke</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>gem5 is a popular cycle approximate simulator, which can be very useful in
@@ -4170,7 +4170,7 @@ mode, enable full system mode (privileged ISA), and correct minor differences
 (e.g. floating point rounding).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="renode-a-flexible-open-source-simulation-for-risc-v-system-development-michael-gielda:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">Renode. A flexible open-source simulation for RISC-V system development: Michael Gielda</h2>
+<h2 id="renode-a-flexible-open-source-simulation-for-risc-v-system-development-michael-gielda:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">Renode. A flexible open-source simulation for RISC-V system development: Michael Gielda</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>AntMicro was founded in 2009 and has been developing Renode since 2010.</li>
@@ -4190,7 +4190,7 @@ SoftConsole IDE, and support Windows as a first-class platform.</li>
 record/replay, and more.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="qemu-based-hardware-modelling-of-a-multi-hard-risc-v-soc-daire-mcnamara:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">QEMU-based hardware modelling of a multi-hard RISC-V SoC: Daire McNamara</h2>
+<h2 id="qemu-based-hardware-modelling-of-a-multi-hard-risc-v-soc-daire-mcnamara:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">QEMU-based hardware modelling of a multi-hard RISC-V SoC: Daire McNamara</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Wanted to explore have separate execution contexts on the same SoC that are
@@ -4221,7 +4221,7 @@ tree support, QOM, remote control of real hardware. Finally, clean up and
 upstream.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="firesim-cycle-accurate-rack-scale-system-simulation-using-fpgas-in-the-public-cloud-sagar-karandikar:8a3346748fc660bea142337377a70782">FireSim. Cycle-Accurate Rack-Scale System Simulation using FPGAs in the Public Cloud: Sagar Karandikar</h2>
+<h2 id="firesim-cycle-accurate-rack-scale-system-simulation-using-fpgas-in-the-public-cloud-sagar-karandikar:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371">FireSim. Cycle-Accurate Rack-Scale System Simulation using FPGAs in the Public Cloud: Sagar Karandikar</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why simulate datacenters? Next-gen datacenters won&rsquo;t be built only from
@@ -4261,17 +4261,17 @@ day).</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 28 Nov 2017 15:16:45 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 28 Nov 2017 15:16:45 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/">seventh RISC-V
 workshop</a> is going
 on today and tomorrow at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be
 keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<p>Follow <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/">here</a> for the
+<p>Follow <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/">here</a> for the
 day two live blog.</p>
 
-<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Workshop is sold out, 498 attendees registered representing 138 companies
@@ -4286,7 +4286,7 @@ members).</li>
 <li>We&rsquo;re on a <em>tight</em> schedule today. No applause and no questions!</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Krste gives a rapid overview of the RISC-V ISA.</li>
@@ -4404,7 +4404,7 @@ instructions. Would be good to continue to expand this to cover reference
 hardware implementations.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-hypervisor-extension-andrew-waterman:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V Hypervisor Extension: Andrew Waterman</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-hypervisor-extension-andrew-waterman:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V Hypervisor Extension: Andrew Waterman</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Presenting work with extensive contributions from Paolo Bonzini and John
@@ -4448,7 +4448,7 @@ Spike in Q1 2018.</li>
 <li>Want to see a silicon implementation prior to ratification.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The goal was to define the RISC-V memory consistency model (&ldquo;specifies the
@@ -4493,7 +4493,7 @@ May have future extensions to the fence instruction, and .aq/.rl variants for
 byte and halfword-size loads/stores.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-enabling-a-new-era-of-open-data-centric-computing-architectures-martin-fink:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V - Enabling a new era of open data-centric computing architectures: Martin Fink</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-enabling-a-new-era-of-open-data-centric-computing-architectures-martin-fink:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V - Enabling a new era of open data-centric computing architectures: Martin Fink</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Most people think of Western Digital as a storage company, but actually
@@ -4541,7 +4541,7 @@ enabling innovation, <em>not</em> reducing cost.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="industrial-strength-high-performance-risc-v-processors-for-energy-efficient-computing-dave-ditzel:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Industrial-strength high-performance RISC-V processors for energy-efficient computing: Dave Ditzel</h2>
+<h2 id="industrial-strength-high-performance-risc-v-processors-for-energy-efficient-computing-dave-ditzel:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Industrial-strength high-performance RISC-V processors for energy-efficient computing: Dave Ditzel</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Coming out of &ldquo;stealth mode&rdquo; in this talk.</li>
@@ -4589,7 +4589,7 @@ make general purpose RISC-V processors with domain specific extensions when
 needed.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="andes-extended-features-dr-chuan-hua-chang:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Andes Extended Features: Dr Chuan-Hua Chang</h2>
+<h2 id="andes-extended-features-dr-chuan-hua-chang:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Andes Extended Features: Dr Chuan-Hua Chang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Andes Technology is a Taiwan-based CPU IP company with over 2 billion
@@ -4637,7 +4637,7 @@ reduction for the G.729 codec.</li>
 instruction design and implementation.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="customisation-of-a-risc-v-processor-to-achieve-dsp-performance-gain-marcela-zachariasova:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Customisation of a RISC-V processor to achieve DSP performance gain: Marcela Zachariasova</h2>
+<h2 id="customisation-of-a-risc-v-processor-to-achieve-dsp-performance-gain-marcela-zachariasova:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Customisation of a RISC-V processor to achieve DSP performance gain: Marcela Zachariasova</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Codasip studio is a processor development environment which takes a high
@@ -4650,7 +4650,7 @@ also define new instructions, driven by profiling information.</li>
 <li>Ultimately, saw a 13.62x speedup for a 2.43x area overhead vs RV32IM.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="freedom-u500-linux-capable-1-5gh-quad-core-rv64gc-soc-jack-kang:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Freedom U500, Linux-capable, 1.5GH quad-core RV64GC SoC: Jack Kang</h2>
+<h2 id="freedom-u500-linux-capable-1-5gh-quad-core-rv64gc-soc-jack-kang:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Freedom U500, Linux-capable, 1.5GH quad-core RV64GC SoC: Jack Kang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Freedom Unleashed 500: 250M+ transistors, TSMC 28nm, high-performance
@@ -4673,7 +4673,7 @@ prototypes (now) and development boards (soon). To get access, email
 info@sifive.com.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="revolutionizing-risc-v-based-application-design-possibilities-with-globalfoundries-gregg-bartlett:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Revolutionizing RISC-V based application design possibilities with GlobalFoundries: Gregg Bartlett</h2>
+<h2 id="revolutionizing-risc-v-based-application-design-possibilities-with-globalfoundries-gregg-bartlett:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Revolutionizing RISC-V based application design possibilities with GlobalFoundries: Gregg Bartlett</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>GlobalFoundries is the only foundry that is a RISC-V Foundation member. See
@@ -4693,13 +4693,13 @@ Zurich / University of Bologna (PULP), Berkeley Labs, IIT Chennai.</li>
 production starts.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-llvm-towards-a-production-ready-llvm-based-toolchain-alex-bradbury:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V LLVM. Towards a production-ready LLVM-based toolchain: Alex Bradbury</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-llvm-towards-a-production-ready-llvm-based-toolchain-alex-bradbury:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V LLVM. Towards a production-ready LLVM-based toolchain: Alex Bradbury</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>I was the presenter, so no notes right now.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-risc-v-java-update-martin-maas:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">A RISC-V Java update: Martin Maas</h2>
+<h2 id="a-risc-v-java-update-martin-maas:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">A RISC-V Java update: Martin Maas</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Jikes RVM now runs full JDK6 applications, including the Decapo benchmark
@@ -4724,7 +4724,7 @@ high-performance JIT compiler port yet. Help needed!</li>
 better support managed-language support to RISC-V.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="microprobe-an-open-source-microbenchmark-generator-ported-to-the-risc-v-isa-schuyler-eldridge:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">MicroProbe. An open source microbenchmark generator ported to the RISC-V ISA: Schuyler Eldridge</h2>
+<h2 id="microprobe-an-open-source-microbenchmark-generator-ported-to-the-risc-v-isa-schuyler-eldridge:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">MicroProbe. An open source microbenchmark generator ported to the RISC-V ISA: Schuyler Eldridge</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Not yet open source, but in the process of releasing it.</li>
@@ -4740,7 +4740,7 @@ YAML. Code generation and generation policies are written using Python.</li>
 representation (IR) for describing benchmarks.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="lauterbach-debug-support-for-risc-v-bob-kupyn:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Lauterbach debug support for RISC-V: Bob Kupyn</h2>
+<h2 id="lauterbach-debug-support-for-risc-v-bob-kupyn:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Lauterbach debug support for RISC-V: Bob Kupyn</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Lauterbach is solely focused on hardware and software debug tools. All
@@ -4755,7 +4755,7 @@ Linux/Target OS awareness.</li>
 <li>In the initial release, support SiFive Coreplex E31 and E51.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="j-link-debug-probe-now-available-for-risc-v-paul-curtis:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">J-link debug probe now available for RISC-V: Paul Curtis</h2>
+<h2 id="j-link-debug-probe-now-available-for-risc-v-paul-curtis:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">J-link debug probe now available for RISC-V: Paul Curtis</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>J-Link aims to be the &ldquo;ultimate debug probe&rdquo;. Supporting ARM, Mips, RX,
@@ -4768,7 +4768,7 @@ kernels in the debug adapter.</li>
 <li>Also have Embedded Studio, other products.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="porting-the-threadx-rtos-to-risc-v-john-carbone:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Porting the ThreadX RTOS to RISC-V: John Carbone</h2>
+<h2 id="porting-the-threadx-rtos-to-risc-v-john-carbone:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Porting the ThreadX RTOS to RISC-V: John Carbone</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>ThreadX in production since 1997.</li>
@@ -4781,7 +4781,7 @@ Development Board.</li>
 <li>Anticipate commercial availability for RISC-V before the end of 2017.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="xbgas-a-bridge-proposal-for-rv128-and-hpc-john-leidel:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">xBGAS. A bridge proposal for RV128 and HPC: John Leidel</h2>
+<h2 id="xbgas-a-bridge-proposal-for-rv128-and-hpc-john-leidel:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">xBGAS. A bridge proposal for RV128 and HPC: John Leidel</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Extended Base Global Address Space (xBGAS)</li>
@@ -4814,7 +4814,7 @@ here</a>. Comments and
 collaborators are encouraged!</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="extending-the-16-gpr-standard-beyond-rv32e-mitch-hayenga:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Extending the 16 GPR standard beyond RV32E: Mitch Hayenga</h2>
+<h2 id="extending-the-16-gpr-standard-beyond-rv32e-mitch-hayenga:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Extending the 16 GPR standard beyond RV32E: Mitch Hayenga</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Motivation: Register file area/power/latency is critical to any processor.
@@ -4844,7 +4844,7 @@ This is impractical with the current RISC-V register file size requirements</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="using-pyrope-to-create-transformable-risc-v-architectures-haven-skinner:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Using Pyrope to create transformable RISC-V architectures: Haven Skinner</h2>
+<h2 id="using-pyrope-to-create-transformable-risc-v-architectures-haven-skinner:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Using Pyrope to create transformable RISC-V architectures: Haven Skinner</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Hardware design is difficult. You need multiple codebases (cycle accurate,
@@ -4868,7 +4868,7 @@ RISC-V cores.</li>
 verify against a trivial single stage RISC-V core. Used yosys to do this.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="performance-isolation-for-multicore-within-labeled-risc-v-zihao-yu:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Performance isolation for multicore within labeled RISC-V: Zihao Yu</h2>
+<h2 id="performance-isolation-for-multicore-within-labeled-risc-v-zihao-yu:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Performance isolation for multicore within labeled RISC-V: Zihao Yu</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>In multi-core architectures, core share resources such as L3, memory, and
@@ -4892,7 +4892,7 @@ and no performance overheads for critical apps.</li>
 <li>Plan to tape out with TSMC 40nm next year.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-practical-implementation-of-a-platform-level-interrupt-controller-plic-richard-herveille:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">A Practical Implementation of a Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC): Richard Herveille</h2>
+<h2 id="a-practical-implementation-of-a-platform-level-interrupt-controller-plic-richard-herveille:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">A Practical Implementation of a Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC): Richard Herveille</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>PLIC design goals: easy integration with external bus interfaces, be fully
@@ -4906,7 +4906,7 @@ The register arrangement and documentation is automated.</li>
 <li>See the <a href="https://roalogic.com">Roa Logic website</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="open-source-rtos-ports-on-risc-v-nitin-deshpande:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">Open source RTOS ports on RISC-V: Nitin Deshpande</h2>
+<h2 id="open-source-rtos-ports-on-risc-v-nitin-deshpande:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">Open source RTOS ports on RISC-V: Nitin Deshpande</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Ported FreeRTOS, MyNewt, and Huawei LitOS.</li>
@@ -4920,14 +4920,14 @@ GitHub.</li>
 <li>Mi-V is an ecosystem that aims to accelerate the adoption of RISC-V.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-poster-preview:c75429522933c8c4c55bd90283936952">RISC-V poster preview</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-poster-preview:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781">RISC-V poster preview</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This is too rapid fire to summarise, sorry!</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Oct 2017 19:45:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This year, as part of <a href="https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/">Google Summer of
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 05 Oct 2017 19:45:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This year, as part of <a href="https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/">Google Summer of
 Code</a> we had the pleasure of
 working with Nikitas Chronas. Alongside his degree studies, Nikitas had become
 involved with the <a href="https://libre.space/">Libre Space Foundation</a> and developed
@@ -4944,7 +4944,7 @@ even prototyping a code generation mechanism. See the <a href="https://www.lowri
 for all the details, and below for the all-important blinky lights demo.</p>
 
 <iframe src="https://giphy.com/embed/26vIg6cZFMWvi6AbS" width="480" height="401" frameBorder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowFullScreen></iframe>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 2017 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Sep 2017 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>A high quality, upstream RISC-V backend for LLVM is perhaps the most
 frequently requested missing piece of the RISC-V software ecosystem. This
@@ -4955,18 +4955,18 @@ As always, you
 can track status <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/llvm/status/">here</a> and find the code
 <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm">here</a>.</p>
 
-<h2 id="status:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Status</h2>
+<h2 id="status:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Status</h2>
 
 <p>I&rsquo;ve been able to make substantial progress since the <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-August/116709.html">last
 update</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="rv32:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">RV32</h3>
+<h3 id="rv32:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">RV32</h3>
 
 <p>100% of the GCC torture suite passes for RV32I at -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, and -Os
 (after masking gcc-only tests). MC-layer (assembler) support for RV32IMAFD has
 now been implemented, as well as code generation for RV32IM.</p>
 
-<h3 id="rv64:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">RV64</h3>
+<h3 id="rv64:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">RV64</h3>
 
 <p>This is the biggest change versus my last update. LLVM recently gained support
 for parameterising backends by register size, which allows code duplication to
@@ -4980,7 +4980,7 @@ XLEN in this way. That LLVM feature was actually motivated by requirements of
 the Hexagon architecture - I think this is a great example of how we can all
 benefit by contributing upstream to projects, even across different ISAs.</p>
 
-<h3 id="other-activities:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Other activities</h3>
+<h3 id="other-activities:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Other activities</h3>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Community members Luís Marques and David Craven have been experimenting with
@@ -4990,7 +4990,7 @@ putting together patches for compressed instruction set support. This is a
 really positive move and I hope others will follow their lead.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h3 id="development-stats:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Development stats</h3>
+<h3 id="development-stats:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Development stats</h3>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The &lsquo;reference&rsquo; <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm">patch queue</a> consists
@@ -5013,7 +5013,7 @@ Authored 7 merged commits, 13 issues filed.</li>
 who has contributed code review, feedback, or suggestions so far, as well as
 our industrial sponsor.</p>
 
-<h2 id="approach-and-philosophy:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Approach and philosophy</h2>
+<h2 id="approach-and-philosophy:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Approach and philosophy</h2>
 
 <p>As enthusiastic supporters of RISC-V, I think we all want to see a huge range
 of RISC-V core implementations, making different trade-offs or targeting
@@ -5052,7 +5052,7 @@ place, adding these optimisations can be done relatively easily.</p>
 <p>If you want to see first-class support for RISC-V in LLVM, now is the time to
 get involved and help make it happen.</p>
 
-<h2 id="roadmap-and-upcoming-events:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Roadmap and upcoming events</h2>
+<h2 id="roadmap-and-upcoming-events:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Roadmap and upcoming events</h2>
 
 <p>My aim is to have Clang and LLVM developed to serve as a competitive
 alternative to GCC on RISC-V by the end of the calendar year. If the RISC-V
@@ -5094,16 +5094,16 @@ from several companies in that position are already confirmed as attending).
 We&rsquo;re also looking to run a longer working/hacking session the day before, at
 a San Jose location. More details on both events will be circulated shortly.</p>
 
-<h2 id="faq:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">FAQ</h2>
+<h2 id="faq:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">FAQ</h2>
 
-<h3 id="do-you-care-about-performance-of-generated-code-and-code-size:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Do you care about performance of generated code and code size?</h3>
+<h3 id="do-you-care-about-performance-of-generated-code-and-code-size:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Do you care about performance of generated code and code size?</h3>
 
 <p>Like any compiler developer, of course. Starting with a solid and well tested
 base is the best way of achieving those aims. We&rsquo;re now in a position where we
 can push forwards on these fronts, which will will soon become a primary focus
 of this development effort.</p>
 
-<h3 id="i-have-a-risc-v-llvm-fork-which-works-for-me-why-should-i-care-about-an-upstream-backend:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">I have a RISC-V LLVM fork which works for me, why should I care about an upstream backend?</h3>
+<h3 id="i-have-a-risc-v-llvm-fork-which-works-for-me-why-should-i-care-about-an-upstream-backend:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">I have a RISC-V LLVM fork which works for me, why should I care about an upstream backend?</h3>
 
 <p>This is ultimately a question about long-term maintenance and sharing the
 support burden with others in the RISC-V ecosystem. By working together and
@@ -5112,7 +5112,7 @@ approach. Contributing to this effort is almost definitely the right long-term
 choice for your project. If you want to discuss how to contribute, please drop
 me an email or come along to the upcoming birds of a feather session.</p>
 
-<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-this-and-other-risc-v-llvm-efforts:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">What is the difference between this and other RISC-V LLVM efforts?</h3>
+<h3 id="what-is-the-difference-between-this-and-other-risc-v-llvm-efforts:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">What is the difference between this and other RISC-V LLVM efforts?</h3>
 
 <p>This effort is focused on high code quality, long term maintainability, and in
 getting development merged in to upstream LLVM. Andes have recently released a
@@ -5121,7 +5121,7 @@ version of the lowRISC patchset, but diverged significantly in terms of
 implementation approach. Andes are now working to submit patches to this
 effort.</p>
 
-<h3 id="who-are-you:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Who are you?</h3>
+<h3 id="who-are-you:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Who are you?</h3>
 
 <p>I (Alex Bradbury) am a co-founder and director of lowRISC CIC, where this
 development work has been taking place. I have been developing LLVM backends
@@ -5129,7 +5129,7 @@ for the past seven years, and am now upstream code owner for the RISC-V
 backend. If you&rsquo;re interested in LLVM, you are hopefully already familiar with
 my <a href="http://llvmweekly.org/">LLVM Weekly</a> newsletter.</p>
 
-<h3 id="why-is-lowrisc-interested-in-llvm:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Why is lowRISC interested in LLVM?</h3>
+<h3 id="why-is-lowrisc-interested-in-llvm:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Why is lowRISC interested in LLVM?</h3>
 
 <p>lowRISC is a not-for-profit created to push forward open source hardware by
 developing a secure, open, and flexible SoC design. Enabling custom hardware
@@ -5139,16 +5139,16 @@ in place to support it. A high quality and easy to modify LLVM backend is
 important for potential lowRISC adopters, but also benefits our own hardware
 development efforts. Specifically, we will be building the software component
 of our tagged memory mechanisms on top of LLVM. If our mission sounds
-interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news - <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/">we&rsquo;re
+interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news - <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/">we&rsquo;re
 hiring</a>.</p>
 
-<h3 id="who-do-i-contact-to-discuss-further-sponsoring-this-effort:b7c83479950d2bfc2cec7921b78c2ef0">Who do I contact to discuss further sponsoring this effort?</h3>
+<h3 id="who-do-i-contact-to-discuss-further-sponsoring-this-effort:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97">Who do I contact to discuss further sponsoring this effort?</h3>
 
 <p>If your company would like to see lowRISC&rsquo;s work on RISC-V LLVM be sustained
 or expanded through 2018, then contributing development time and/or
 sponsorship is the best way to do this. Please contact asb@lowrisc.org to
 discuss further.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 19 Sep 2017 14:45:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 19 Sep 2017 14:45:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC
 team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as an intern.
 Katherine&rsquo;s focus was on operating system and software enabled for lowRISC&rsquo;s
 tagged memory, building upon our
@@ -5172,10 +5172,10 @@ important part of exploring that space, and in making it easier for other
 groups to do the same.</p>
 
 <p>If working on problems like this sounds interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news
-- <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/"><strong>we&rsquo;re hiring</strong></a>.</p>
+- <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/"><strong>we&rsquo;re hiring</strong></a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury and Katherine Lim</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 Sep 2017 08:15:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 Sep 2017 08:15:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and
 help make our vision for an open source, secure, and flexible SoC a reality.
 <a href="https://lowrisc.workable.com/j/DBAC61322F">Apply now</a>!</p>
 
@@ -5209,7 +5209,7 @@ but we would be happy to consider an enthusiastic recent graduate with a
 strong academic record.</p>
 
 <p>Informal enquires should be made to Alex Bradbury <a href="mailto:asb@lowrisc.org">asb@lowrisc.org</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2017 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain.
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2017 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain.
 You might use the build system from the
 <a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-tools">riscv/riscv-tools repository</a>, or
 investigate toolchain generators such as
@@ -5244,7 +5244,7 @@ repositories, the gcc version takes precedence.</p>
 
 <p>Major credit to everyone who worked on getting these toolchain
 ports upstream (Kito Cheng, Palmer Dabbelt, and others).</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 09 Jun 2017 12:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/">lowRISC 0.4 milestone release</a>
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 09 Jun 2017 12:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/">lowRISC 0.4 milestone release</a>
 is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/">accompanying
 documentation</a>, but in summary this
 release:</p>
@@ -5265,7 +5265,7 @@ development board).</li>
 <p>Please report any issues <a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip">on our GitHub
 repository</a>, or discuss on our
 <a href="http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org">mailing list</a>. As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Apply now for GSoC 2017</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Mar 2017 09:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Apply now for GSoC 2017</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 27 Mar 2017 09:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring
 organisation in the <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of
 Code</a>, now for the third year running.
 If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during
@@ -5277,7 +5277,7 @@ ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them <a href="https://li
 discussion
 list</a>
 for feedback before making a proposal.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2017 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2017 14:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes
 place at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. However, we&rsquo;re far
 from the only open source hardware activity at the University. Our colleagues
 on the NetFPGA project have an open source design challenge that many readers
@@ -5327,7 +5327,7 @@ reduced registration rate.
 The design challenge prizes are generously 
 supported by IMC http://www.imc.nl/
 </code></pre>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Q&#43;A</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 09 Dec 2016 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC Q&#43;A</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 09 Dec 2016 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to
 Hacker News. The <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13129076">comment
 thread</a> became something of an
 impromptu Q+A about our project direction and status. I thought it was worth
@@ -5336,13 +5336,13 @@ you have any additional questions, then feel free to comment on this blog post
 or else, as always, drop by our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/community/">mailing list</a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov 2016 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov 2016 17:00:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Today is the second day of the <a href="https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/">fifth RISC-V
 workshop</a>. I&rsquo;ll be
 keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="opensoc-system-architect-farzad-fatollahi-fard:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2>
+<h2 id="opensoc-system-architect-farzad-fatollahi-fard:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Current architectures are wasteful. Only a small fraction of chip area goes
@@ -5367,7 +5367,7 @@ Chisel/Verilog/SystemVerilog. Also want CoreGen as a standalone IR</li>
 <li>See the website at <a href="http://www.opensoc.community/">http://www.opensoc.community/</a></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="v-vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanovic:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">V Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanovic</h2>
+<h2 id="v-vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanovic:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">V Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanovic</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The vector extension intends to scale to all reasonable design points
@@ -5417,7 +5417,7 @@ assumed to be caller-saved (including the vector register file), meaning the
 scalar ABI is unmodified</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="towards-thousand-core-risc-v-shared-memory-systems-quan-nguyen:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Towards Thousand-Core RISC-V Shared Memory Systems: Quan Nguyen</h2>
+<h2 id="towards-thousand-core-risc-v-shared-memory-systems-quan-nguyen:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Towards Thousand-Core RISC-V Shared Memory Systems: Quan Nguyen</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Tardis is a new cache coherency protocol with greater scalability than
@@ -5433,7 +5433,7 @@ consistency), and Quan introduces how they have started to do this by
 introducing new timestamps</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="scrx-a-family-of-state-of-the-art-risc-v-synthesizable-cores-alexander-redkin:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">SCRx: a family of state-of-the art RISC-V synthesizable cores: Alexander Redkin</h2>
+<h2 id="scrx-a-family-of-state-of-the-art-risc-v-synthesizable-cores-alexander-redkin:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">SCRx: a family of state-of-the art RISC-V synthesizable cores: Alexander Redkin</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Syntacore develops and licenses energy-efficient programmable cores
@@ -5451,7 +5451,7 @@ configuration.</li>
 debug</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="enabling-hardware-software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm-alex-bradbury:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Enabling hardware/software co-design with RISC-V and LLVM: Alex Bradbury</h2>
+<h2 id="enabling-hardware-software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm-alex-bradbury:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Enabling hardware/software co-design with RISC-V and LLVM: Alex Bradbury</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>I&rsquo;ll try and write something up for the blog later, but for now see my
@@ -5459,7 +5459,7 @@ slides
 <a href="https://speakerdeck.com/asb/software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm">here</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="vm-threads-an-alternative-model-for-virtual-machines-on-risc-vm-ron-minnich:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">VM threads: an alternative model for virtual machines on RISC-VM: Ron Minnich</h2>
+<h2 id="vm-threads-an-alternative-model-for-virtual-machines-on-risc-vm-ron-minnich:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">VM threads: an alternative model for virtual machines on RISC-VM: Ron Minnich</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Akaros is a research kernel originally from UC Berkeley.</li>
@@ -5496,7 +5496,7 @@ injecting interrupts without a vmexit?</li>
 into &ldquo;but we&rsquo;ve always done it this way&rdquo;.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="enabling-low-power-smartphone-like-graphical-uis-for-risc-v-socs-michael-gielda:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Enabling low-power, smartphone-like graphical UIs for RISC-V SoCs: Michael Gielda</h2>
+<h2 id="enabling-low-power-smartphone-like-graphical-uis-for-risc-v-socs-michael-gielda:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Enabling low-power, smartphone-like graphical UIs for RISC-V SoCs: Michael Gielda</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Industrial/embedded UIs mostly look bad, but also have terribly user
@@ -5516,7 +5516,7 @@ scaling etc. This was written in Chisel.</li>
 <li>Software-driven IP (silicon) is possible (and advisable!)</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-fast-instruction-set-simulator-for-risc-v-maxim-maslov:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">A Fast Instruction Set Simulator for RISC-V: Maxim Maslov</h2>
+<h2 id="a-fast-instruction-set-simulator-for-risc-v-maxim-maslov:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">A Fast Instruction Set Simulator for RISC-V: Maxim Maslov</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Esperanto is a stealth mode startup designing chips with RISC-V</li>
@@ -5526,7 +5526,7 @@ with minimal slowdown</li>
 <a href="https://riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Wed1330-Fast-ISA-Simulator-for-RISC-V-Maslov-Esperanto.pdf">slides</a>]</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="go-on-rv64g-benjamin-barenblat-and-michael-pratt:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Go on RV64G: Benjamin Barenblat and Michael Pratt</h2>
+<h2 id="go-on-rv64g-benjamin-barenblat-and-michael-pratt:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Go on RV64G: Benjamin Barenblat and Michael Pratt</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why RISC-V? Better architecture, lower power, faster processing, easier
@@ -5543,7 +5543,7 @@ register. Another gripe is that loading 64-bit constants is a pain.</li>
 have them run on RISC-V</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-java-virtual-machine-for-risc-v-porting-the-jikes-rvm-martin-maas:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">A Java Virtual Machine for RISC-V: Porting the Jikes RVM: Martin Maas</h2>
+<h2 id="a-java-virtual-machine-for-risc-v-porting-the-jikes-rvm-martin-maas:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">A Java Virtual Machine for RISC-V: Porting the Jikes RVM: Martin Maas</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why do a JVM port? Both to run interesting applications, and for research
@@ -5561,7 +5561,7 @@ hello world)</li>
 core tests. Targets RV64G</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="yopuzzle-an-open-v-development-platform-the-next-generation-elkim-roa:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">YoPuzzle - an Open-V development platform the next generation: Elkim Roa</h2>
+<h2 id="yopuzzle-an-open-v-development-platform-the-next-generation-elkim-roa:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">YoPuzzle - an Open-V development platform the next generation: Elkim Roa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>&lsquo;Open source&rsquo; hardware. Raspberry Pi have sold 10 million boards, Arduino
@@ -5582,7 +5582,7 @@ boards in Q2 2018.</li>
 browser-based programming environment</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-risc-v-community-needs-peripheral-cores-elkim-roa:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">The RISC-V community needs peripheral cores: Elkim Roa</h2>
+<h2 id="the-risc-v-community-needs-peripheral-cores-elkim-roa:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">The RISC-V community needs peripheral cores: Elkim Roa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>It&rsquo;s good to have an open ISA, but what about the peripherals? e.g. PHYs,
@@ -5601,7 +5601,7 @@ on CMOS</li>
 etc).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="sub-microsecond-adaptive-voltage-scaling-in-a-28nm-risc-v-socs-ben-keller:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Sub-microsecond Adaptive Voltage Scaling in a 28nm RISC-V SoCs: Ben Keller</h2>
+<h2 id="sub-microsecond-adaptive-voltage-scaling-in-a-28nm-risc-v-socs-ben-keller:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Sub-microsecond Adaptive Voltage Scaling in a 28nm RISC-V SoCs: Ben Keller</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Energy efficiency is critical in mobile applications</li>
@@ -5631,7 +5631,7 @@ the issues with the VLSI flow. Then iteratively add features.</li>
 <li>There have been 13 Berkeley RISC-V tapeouts in the last 5 years</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="reprogrammable-redundancy-for-cache-vmin-reduction-in-a-28nm-risc-v-processor-brian-zimmer:030fe38319964b117c9ffaf378fa511a">Reprogrammable Redundancy for Cache Vmin Reduction in a 28nm RISC-V Processor: Brian Zimmer</h2>
+<h2 id="reprogrammable-redundancy-for-cache-vmin-reduction-in-a-28nm-risc-v-processor-brian-zimmer:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73">Reprogrammable Redundancy for Cache Vmin Reduction in a 28nm RISC-V Processor: Brian Zimmer</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Voltage scaling is effective in reducing energy consumption, and SRAM limits
@@ -5657,21 +5657,21 @@ the operation is recycled</li>
 <li>The proposed techniques achieve 25% average Vmin reduction (and 49% power
 reduction) in the L2 for a 2% area overhead</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 29 Nov 2016 15:10:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 29 Nov 2016 15:10:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/">fifth RISC-V
 workshop</a> is going
 on today and tomorrow at the Google&rsquo;s Quad Campus in Mountain View. I&rsquo;ll be
 keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor-and-dom-rizzo:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo</h2>
+<h2 id="introduction-rick-o-connor-and-dom-rizzo:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This workshop is yet again bigger than the last. 350+ attendees, 107 companies, 29 universities.</li>
 <li>The next workshop will be May 9th-10 in Shanghai, China.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-at-uc-san-diego-michael-taylor:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-at-uc-san-diego-michael-taylor:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Startup software stacks today look a light like an iceberg. A small amount
@@ -5697,7 +5697,7 @@ hierarchy</li>
 end-to-end releases of full RISC-V stacks (Linux to Verilog)</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="updates-on-pulpino-florian-zaruba:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Updates on PULPino: Florian Zaruba</h2>
+<h2 id="updates-on-pulpino-florian-zaruba:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Updates on PULPino: Florian Zaruba</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Imperio is the first ASIC implementation of PULPino, done in UMC 65nm.<br />
@@ -5720,7 +5720,7 @@ accelerators.</li>
 <li>Find out more at the <a href="http://www.pulp-platform.org">PULP website</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="sifive-fe310-and-low-cost-hifive1-development-board-jack-kang:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">SiFive FE310 and low-cost HiFive1 development board: Jack Kang</h2>
+<h2 id="sifive-fe310-and-low-cost-hifive1-development-board-jack-kang:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">SiFive FE310 and low-cost HiFive1 development board: Jack Kang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company. Their business model is to build
@@ -5748,7 +5748,7 @@ with custom instructions, custom accelerators etc. The ability to customise
 will result in better performance/watt than any off the shelf solution.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="rapid-silicon-prototyping-and-production-for-risc-v-socs-neil-hand:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Rapid silicon prototyping and production for RISC-V SoCs: Neil Hand</h2>
+<h2 id="rapid-silicon-prototyping-and-production-for-risc-v-socs-neil-hand:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Rapid silicon prototyping and production for RISC-V SoCs: Neil Hand</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Need to support rapid evolution of IoT designs.</li>
@@ -5770,7 +5770,7 @@ availability for a dev-board</li>
 non-copyleft license.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="extending-risc-v-for-application-specific-requirements-steve-cox:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Extending RISC-V for application-specific requirements: Steve Cox</h2>
+<h2 id="extending-risc-v-for-application-specific-requirements-steve-cox:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Extending RISC-V for application-specific requirements: Steve Cox</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Sometimes a pre-defined ISA is insufficient. May require an
@@ -5790,7 +5790,7 @@ the original baseline).</li>
 code size by 8% and cycle count by 18% vs the previous result.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-memory-model-for-risc-v-muralidaran-vijayaraghavan:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">A memory model for RISC-V: Muralidaran Vijayaraghavan</h2>
+<h2 id="a-memory-model-for-risc-v-muralidaran-vijayaraghavan:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">A memory model for RISC-V: Muralidaran Vijayaraghavan</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why not SC/TSO? Simple implementations have low performance.</li>
@@ -5814,7 +5814,7 @@ cores with L1 write-through caches aren&rsquo;t, so don&rsquo;t do it.</li>
 have to put a reconcile fence whenever you require load/load ordering</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-memory-consistency-model-for-risc-v-caroline-trippel:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">A Memory Consistency Model for RISC-V: Caroline Trippel</h2>
+<h2 id="a-memory-consistency-model-for-risc-v-caroline-trippel:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">A Memory Consistency Model for RISC-V: Caroline Trippel</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Princeton have been working on memory consistency model verification. This
@@ -5843,7 +5843,7 @@ are needed for C/C++ acquire/release synchronisation</li>
 proposed changes, but are also working on a formal model.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="trust-transparency-and-simplicity-eric-grosse:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Trust, transparency and simplicity: Eric Grosse</h2>
+<h2 id="trust-transparency-and-simplicity-eric-grosse:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Trust, transparency and simplicity: Eric Grosse</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Know your adversary. Many of them might sometimes be your partner as well as
@@ -5866,7 +5866,7 @@ it. Please resist adding features lightly, or else consider removing others in
 compensation. Also consider a CHERI security extension, or tagged memory</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Rick gives another overview of the RISC-V Foundation, and reiterates that
@@ -5880,7 +5880,7 @@ and the Spring/Summer workshop will move locations around the year</li>
 marketing committees were formed in Q3 2016.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-marketing-committee-update-arun-thomas:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">RISC-V Marketing Committee update: Arun Thomas</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-marketing-committee-update-arun-thomas:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">RISC-V Marketing Committee update: Arun Thomas</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The marketing committee mission: grow RISC-V mindshare and grow the RISC-V
@@ -5896,7 +5896,7 @@ members)</li>
 <li>David Patterson announces both of his textbooks will have RISC-V editions</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-technical-committee-update-yunsup-lee:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">RISC-V Technical Committee update: Yunsup Lee</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-technical-committee-update-yunsup-lee:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">RISC-V Technical Committee update: Yunsup Lee</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Immediate goals:
@@ -5926,7 +5926,7 @@ fixed and documented, ELF format fixed and documented, priv-1.10.0</li>
 <li>Formal specification task group: Formal models written in L3, BSV and in Coq</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="free-chips-project-yunsup-lee:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Free Chips Project: Yunsup Lee</h2>
+<h2 id="free-chips-project-yunsup-lee:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Free Chips Project: Yunsup Lee</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>A plan to launch a not-for-profit for hosting open-source RISC-V
@@ -5954,7 +5954,7 @@ will manage publicly accessible, online repositories of source code,
 documentation and issues</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="128-bit-addressing-in-risc-v-and-security-steve-wallach:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">128-bit addressing in RISC-V and security: Steve Wallach</h2>
+<h2 id="128-bit-addressing-in-risc-v-and-security-steve-wallach:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">128-bit addressing in RISC-V and security: Steve Wallach</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Aim for programming generality. Might have to recompile, but don&rsquo;t want to
@@ -5971,7 +5971,7 @@ a distinct name</li>
 than CPU cycles</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-challenges-of-securing-and-authenticating-embedded-devices-derek-atkins:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">The challenges of securing and authenticating embedded devices: Derek Atkins</h2>
+<h2 id="the-challenges-of-securing-and-authenticating-embedded-devices-derek-atkins:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">The challenges of securing and authenticating embedded devices: Derek Atkins</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Why not just use symmetric encryption e.g. AES to secure your devices? It&rsquo;s
@@ -5997,7 +5997,7 @@ microECC. 4.9ms run-time vs 2110ms (458ms with multiply/divide).</li>
 <li>The C implementation currently runs faster on the ARM Cortex-M3</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-with-sanctum-enclaves-ilia-lebedev:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">RISC-V with Sanctum Enclaves: Ilia Lebedev</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-with-sanctum-enclaves-ilia-lebedev:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">RISC-V with Sanctum Enclaves: Ilia Lebedev</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Today privilege implies trust (e.g. a hypervisor is privileged and so must
@@ -6036,7 +6036,7 @@ for DMA whitelist). Roughly 2% area increase in total. Roughly 6% performance
 overhead in measurements</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="joined-up-debugging-and-analysis-in-the-risc-v-world-gajinder-panesar:04209bd375e17aa5ec6945548b5da264">Joined up debugging and analysis in the RISC-V world: Gajinder Panesar</h2>
+<h2 id="joined-up-debugging-and-analysis-in-the-risc-v-world-gajinder-panesar:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b">Joined up debugging and analysis in the RISC-V world: Gajinder Panesar</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Need a vendor-neutral debug infrastructure, enabling access to different
@@ -6052,7 +6052,7 @@ bandwidth over time.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/</guid><pubDate>Sat, 15 Oct 2016 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Alex Bradbury)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not,
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/</guid><pubDate>Sat, 15 Oct 2016 10:00:00 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (Alex Bradbury)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not,
 we&rsquo;ll return to discussing Verilog, Chisel, and low-level software work soon.
 I wrote a quick script to help serve a need (producing a Gantt chart) and
 thought perhaps others would find it useful.</p>
@@ -6141,8 +6141,8 @@ hand. In the example below, I&rsquo;m able to use &ldquo;mftr widgets&rdquo; to
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_1800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Example Gantt chart' title='Example Gantt chart' class=''
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_1800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Example Gantt chart' title='Example Gantt chart' class=''
   >
 
 
@@ -6150,12 +6150,12 @@ hand. In the example below, I&rsquo;m able to use &ldquo;mftr widgets&rdquo; to
 
 
 <p><a href="https://github.com/lowRISC/hjson_to_gantt">hjson_to_gantt is available on Github</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2016 14:23:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><em>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2016 14:23:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><em>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four
 University of Cambridge undergrads. Their work is kindly sponsored by <a href="http://www.imc.nl/">IMC
 Financial Markets</a> who are also helping to advise this
 summer project.</em></p>
 
-<p>At the time of our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/">last blog post</a>, we had just finished VGA and
+<p>At the time of our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/">last blog post</a>, we had just finished VGA and
 were working on implementing the frame buffer. Over the last 2 weeks, we have
 made significant progress, completing the frame buffer and starting video decode.</p>
 
@@ -6185,8 +6185,8 @@ component is connected to the TileLink bus.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_600x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Framebuffer diagram' title='Framebuffer diagram' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_600x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Framebuffer diagram' title='Framebuffer diagram' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -6226,8 +6226,8 @@ to be supported.</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Data mover state diagram' title='Data mover state diagram' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Data mover state diagram' title='Data mover state diagram' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -6244,7 +6244,7 @@ bidirectionality by simply duplicating the existing unidirectional design.</p>
 MPEG-2 codec to decode video on the FPGA and adding extra components to the
 SoC design to improve the performance of the codec, such as DCT and iDCT
 accelerators.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 14 Jul 2016 16:08:07 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 14 Jul 2016 16:08:07 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Many of the lowRISC team (Robert Mullins, Wei Song, and Alex Bradbury) have
 been in Boston this week for the fourth RISC-V workshop. By any measure, this
@@ -6254,7 +6254,7 @@ debug, which you&rsquo;ll soon be able to read much more about here (it&rsquo;s
 signing up to our <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/about/">announcement list</a> if you want to
 be informed of each of our releases).</p>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Next RISC-V Workshop will be Nov 29th-30th at Google&rsquo;s Mountain View, CA</li>
@@ -6270,7 +6270,7 @@ group must include at least one round of public consultation.</li>
 like to do that</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-interrupts-krste-asanović:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">RISC-V interrupts: Krste Asanović</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-interrupts-krste-asanović:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">RISC-V interrupts: Krste Asanović</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Want a standard that is useful in high performance Unix-like systems (fast
@@ -6329,7 +6329,7 @@ conceptually, there is only one PLIC though it could be implemented in a
 distributed fashion.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="formal-specification-of-risc-v-uniprocessor-consistency-arvind:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Formal specification of RISC-V uniprocessor consistency: Arvind</h2>
+<h2 id="formal-specification-of-risc-v-uniprocessor-consistency-arvind:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Formal specification of RISC-V uniprocessor consistency: Arvind</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Joint project with Adam Chlipala. The slogan is &ldquo;chips with proofs&rdquo;. These
@@ -6361,7 +6361,7 @@ paths to the same memory.</li>
 model may become very (too?) complex.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="heterogeneous-multicore-risc-v-processors-in-fd-soi-silicon-thomas-peyret:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Heterogeneous Multicore RISC-V Processors in FD-SOI Silicon: Thomas Peyret</h2>
+<h2 id="heterogeneous-multicore-risc-v-processors-in-fd-soi-silicon-thomas-peyret:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Heterogeneous Multicore RISC-V Processors in FD-SOI Silicon: Thomas Peyret</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Want to build a large ecosystem around FD-SOI in Europe, including IP and
@@ -6383,7 +6383,7 @@ SystemC kernel.</li>
 <li>Question: will the work be open-sourced? Answer: Don&rsquo;t know yet.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="nvidia-risc-v-evaluation-story-joe-xie:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">NVidia RISC-V evaluation story: Joe Xie</h2>
+<h2 id="nvidia-risc-v-evaluation-story-joe-xie:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">NVidia RISC-V evaluation story: Joe Xie</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Want to reproduce the existing NVIDIA falcon CPU with a new ISA</li>
@@ -6411,7 +6411,7 @@ after evaluating the options, it made the most sense. The motivation to go to
 RISC-V was technical as well as influenced by cost.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="isa-shootout-a-comparison-of-risc-v-arm-and-x86-chris-celio:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">ISA Shootout – a Comparison of RISC-V, ARM, and x86: Chris Celio</h2>
+<h2 id="isa-shootout-a-comparison-of-risc-v-arm-and-x86-chris-celio:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">ISA Shootout – a Comparison of RISC-V, ARM, and x86: Chris Celio</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Recently released a new tech report <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02318">The renewed case for the Reduced
@@ -6455,13 +6455,13 @@ precise exceptions? Answer: it does add extra complexity. One solution is if
 you get a fault, then re-fetch and execute without fusion.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="trace-debugging-in-lowrisc-wei-song:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Trace debugging in lowRISC: Wei Song</h2>
+<h2 id="trace-debugging-in-lowrisc-wei-song:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Trace debugging in lowRISC: Wei Song</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Watch this blog for much more on our trace debug work very soon.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-i-o-scale-out-architecture-for-distributed-data-analytics-mohammad-akhter:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">RISC-V I/O Scale Out Architecture for Distributed Data Analytics: Mohammad Akhter</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-i-o-scale-out-architecture-for-distributed-data-analytics-mohammad-akhter:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">RISC-V I/O Scale Out Architecture for Distributed Data Analytics: Mohammad Akhter</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>For analytics, need a deep net with many nodes. This demands balanced
@@ -6477,7 +6477,7 @@ producing data that is transferred over a RapidIO transport.</li>
 <li>A RISC-V CPU generator model with port for RapidIO available (where?)</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="coherent-storage-the-brave-new-world-of-non-volatile-main-memory-dejan-vucinic:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Coherent storage. The brave new world of non-volatile main memory: Dejan Vucinić</h2>
+<h2 id="coherent-storage-the-brave-new-world-of-non-volatile-main-memory-dejan-vucinic:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Coherent storage. The brave new world of non-volatile main memory: Dejan Vucinić</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>There are two emerging resistive non-volatile memories. ReRAM and PCM. Read
@@ -6495,7 +6495,7 @@ join the coherence domain, relinquish the non-volatile memory controller for
 now, and get used to high variability in main memory response time.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-as-a-basis-for-asip-design-drake-smith:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">RISC-V as a basis for ASIP design: Drake Smith</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-as-a-basis-for-asip-design-drake-smith:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">RISC-V as a basis for ASIP design: Drake Smith</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>&ldquo;Every design is different, so why is every embedded processor the same?&rdquo;</li>
@@ -6508,7 +6508,7 @@ cryptography.</li>
 and gave another 3x increase in speed.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="an-updated-on-building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">An updated on building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2>
+<h2 id="an-updated-on-building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">An updated on building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>2016 wishlist: Upstream GNU toolchain, Clang//LLVM and QEMU. Also Linux
@@ -6531,7 +6531,7 @@ development</a>.</li>
 through a comment period.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="orca-lve-embedded-risc-v-with-lightweight-vector-extensions-guy-lemieux:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">ORCA-LVE, embedded RISC-V with lightweight vector extensions: Guy Lemieux</h2>
+<h2 id="orca-lve-embedded-risc-v-with-lightweight-vector-extensions-guy-lemieux:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">ORCA-LVE, embedded RISC-V with lightweight vector extensions: Guy Lemieux</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Using 900LUTs for a speedup of 12x. Proposed and added a standardised vector
@@ -6553,7 +6553,7 @@ overhead.</li>
 properly defined yet.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="fpgarduino-a-cross-platform-risc-v-ide-for-the-masses-marko-zec:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">FPGArduino. A cross-platform RISC-V IDE for the masses: Marko Zec</h2>
+<h2 id="fpgarduino-a-cross-platform-risc-v-ide-for-the-masses-marko-zec:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">FPGArduino. A cross-platform RISC-V IDE for the masses: Marko Zec</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The main attraction of the Arduino IDE is simplicity and quick results</li>
@@ -6565,7 +6565,7 @@ bitstreams and support for upload from IDE.</li>
 VHDL.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="sifive-s-risc-v-computer-jack-kang:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">SiFive&rsquo;s RISC-V computer: Jack Kang</h2>
+<h2 id="sifive-s-risc-v-computer-jack-kang:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">SiFive&rsquo;s RISC-V computer: Jack Kang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company building customisable SoCs</li>
@@ -6580,7 +6580,7 @@ Answer: it is low cost and fast time to market so will make sense for some.</li>
 ourselves e.g. SPI will be.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">MIT&rsquo;s RISCy expedition: Andy Wright</h2>
+<h2 id="mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">MIT&rsquo;s RISCy expedition: Andy Wright</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Build proofs from small components, build them up to complete, real
@@ -6607,7 +6607,7 @@ compare the results.</li>
 for processors.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-software-programmable-fpga-iot-platform-andrew-canis:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">A software-programmable FPGA IoT platform: Andrew Canis</h2>
+<h2 id="a-software-programmable-fpga-iot-platform-andrew-canis:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">A software-programmable FPGA IoT platform: Andrew Canis</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Lattice&rsquo;s vision for an FPGA IoT platform is that it has high ease of use
@@ -6627,7 +6627,7 @@ accelerator gives a 5.4x speedup vs the RISC-V software implementation.</li>
 implementations</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="apache-mynewt-james-pace:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Apache mynewt: James Pace</h2>
+<h2 id="apache-mynewt-james-pace:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Apache mynewt: James Pace</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://mynewt.apache.org">Mynewt</a> is an open source OS for constrained IOT.
@@ -6642,7 +6642,7 @@ kernel.</li>
 <li>Question: does Mynewt support SMP? Answer: not currently.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="dsp-isa-extensions-for-an-open-source-risc-v-implementation-pulp-pasquale-davide-schiavone:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">DSP ISA extensions for an open-source RISC-V implementation (PULP): Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2>
+<h2 id="dsp-isa-extensions-for-an-open-source-risc-v-implementation-pulp-pasquale-davide-schiavone:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">DSP ISA extensions for an open-source RISC-V implementation (PULP): Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>RI5CYv2 is an evolution of their RISC-V implementation. It is an RV32IMC
@@ -6665,7 +6665,7 @@ much more to come. The full PULP will be released in December, an in the
 meantime you can use the PULPino core.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-dover-edge-a-metadata-enhanced-risc-v-architecture-andré-dehon:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">The DOVER Edge: A Metadata-Enhanced RISC-V Architecture: André DeHon</h2>
+<h2 id="the-dover-edge-a-metadata-enhanced-risc-v-architecture-andré-dehon:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">The DOVER Edge: A Metadata-Enhanced RISC-V Architecture: André DeHon</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>How do we handle the &lsquo;edge&rsquo; of a metadata tagged system? e.g. I/O to the
@@ -6690,7 +6690,7 @@ is pipelined so it will not reduce system throughput.</li>
 same rule function as for the processor PUMP.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="improving-the-performance-per-area-factor-of-risc-v-based-multi-core-systems-tobias-strauch:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Improving the performance-per-area factor of RISC-V based multi-core systems: Tobias Strauch</h2>
+<h2 id="improving-the-performance-per-area-factor-of-risc-v-based-multi-core-systems-tobias-strauch:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Improving the performance-per-area factor of RISC-V based multi-core systems: Tobias Strauch</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The speaker has spent many years working on C-slow retiming</li>
@@ -6708,7 +6708,7 @@ hyper-pipelined core.</li>
 Verilog.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="working-towards-a-debian-risc-v-port-manuel-a-fernandez-montecelo:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Working towards a Debian RISC-V port: Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo</h2>
+<h2 id="working-towards-a-debian-risc-v-port-manuel-a-fernandez-montecelo:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Working towards a Debian RISC-V port: Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Debian is a community of volunteers who care about free and open-source
@@ -6731,7 +6731,7 @@ dependencies.</li>
 <li>ABI changes mean work has to restart from scratch.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="kami-a-framework-for-hardware-verification-murali-vijayaraghavan:87aa58e6b61ee0a40afd76694b4dc9af">Kami. A framework for hardware verification: Murali Vijayaraghavan</h2>
+<h2 id="kami-a-framework-for-hardware-verification-murali-vijayaraghavan:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1">Kami. A framework for hardware verification: Murali Vijayaraghavan</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>This work is part of the &ldquo;Riscy Expedition&rdquo; by MIT. Want to build chips with
@@ -6744,7 +6744,7 @@ hardware.</li>
 Are currently working on proving a cluster of multi-cycle cores connected to a
 coherent cache hierarchy implements sequential consistency.</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2016 14:23:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><em>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/</guid><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2016 14:23:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p><em>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of
 Cambridge undergrads begin a 10 week
 internship working on the lowRISC project at the Computer Laboratory,
 kindly sponsored by <a href="http://www.imc.nl/">IMC Financial Markets</a> (who are also
@@ -6778,8 +6778,8 @@ Nathanael Davison).</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_900x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team' title='2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_900x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg"alt='2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team' title='2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -6812,8 +6812,8 @@ shown the in the diagram below:</p>
   
 
   <img
-    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_1300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
-    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Drawing' title='Drawing' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
+    srcset='https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_1300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x '
+    src="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png"alt='Drawing' title='Drawing' class='m-2 d-block mx-auto '
   >
 
 
@@ -6838,7 +6838,7 @@ week we&rsquo;ll share a guide on how to enable VGA in lowRISC. By the end
 of the summer, as well as a working technical demo, we will also have
 produced detailed documentation on the whole process of adding a
 customised accelerator to lowRISC.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2016 15:39:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Our friends and collaborators at the <a href="http://fossi-foundation.org/">Free and Open Source Silicon
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2016 15:39:34 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Our friends and collaborators at the <a href="http://fossi-foundation.org/">Free and Open Source Silicon
 Foundation</a> have launched the <a href="http://librecores.org/designcontest">LibreCores design
 contest</a>. This is a student design
 contest which aims to recognise and reward contributions to the open source
@@ -6878,7 +6878,7 @@ between October 7th and October 9th. <a href="http://openrisc.io/orconf/">Regist
 now</a>.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 2016 12:12:49 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 2016 12:12:49 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now
 <a href="https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/timeline">underway</a> and we&rsquo;re
 delighted to be working with five students, covering a variety of interesting
 projects. They have all introduced themselves over the past few weeks on <a href="https://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org">our
@@ -6906,7 +6906,7 @@ on starting this project.</li>
 <li>Porting the xv6 teaching operating system to the lowRISC platform. Jeff
 Rogers, mentored by Alex Bradbury</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/</guid><pubDate>Sun, 20 Mar 2016 20:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/</guid><pubDate>Sun, 20 Mar 2016 20:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring
 organisation in the <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/">Google Summer of
 Code</a> for the second year running. As
 with last year, we&rsquo;re working with a number of friends from across the wider
@@ -6939,15 +6939,15 @@ open-source synthesis tool.</li>
 <li>A SPIR-V frontend for Nyuzi</li>
 <li>Porting an OS kernel to Nyuzi</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2016 17:05:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 Jan 2016 17:05:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>Today is the second day of the <a href="https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/">third RISC-V
 workshop</a>. Again, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a
 semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
-<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one">here</a> for
+<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one">here</a> for
 notes from the first day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-asic-and-fpga-implementations-richard-herveille:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-asic-and-fpga-implementations-richard-herveille:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Look for freedom of design. Want to free migrate between FPGAs, structured
@@ -6969,7 +6969,7 @@ current CYCLONE-V. Achieved a 70% power reduction.</li>
 extensions, and add multi-threading and multi-issue.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016-alex-bradbury:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">lowRISC: plans for RISC-V in 2016: Alex Bradbury</h2>
+<h2 id="lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016-alex-bradbury:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">lowRISC: plans for RISC-V in 2016: Alex Bradbury</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Find my slides
@@ -6977,7 +6977,7 @@ extensions, and add multi-threading and multi-issue.</li>
 Apologies for not live-blogging my own talk.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="a-32-bit-100mhz-risc-v-microcontroller-with-10-bit-sar-adc-in-130nm-gp-elkim-roa:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">A 32-bit 100MHz RISC-V microcontroller with 10-bit SAR ADC in 130nm GP: Elkim Roa</h2>
+<h2 id="a-32-bit-100mhz-risc-v-microcontroller-with-10-bit-sar-adc-in-130nm-gp-elkim-roa:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">A 32-bit 100MHz RISC-V microcontroller with 10-bit SAR ADC in 130nm GP: Elkim Roa</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Current goal: a low-footprint RISC-V microcontroller like EFM32 or SAMD11
@@ -6998,7 +6998,7 @@ watchdog timer, eNVM 1-poly ROM</li>
 <li>Question: where and when can I download it? Soon! Still cleaning it up.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="soc-for-satelline-navigation-unit-based-on-the-risc-v-single-core-rocket-chip-sergei-khabarov:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">SoC for satelline navigation unit based on the RISC-V single-core Rocket chip: Sergei Khabarov</h2>
+<h2 id="soc-for-satelline-navigation-unit-based-on-the-risc-v-single-core-rocket-chip-sergei-khabarov:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">SoC for satelline navigation unit based on the RISC-V single-core Rocket chip: Sergei Khabarov</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Currently have an RF-mezzanine card for FPGA prototypes, and
@@ -7021,7 +7021,7 @@ AXI peripherals in one clock cycle.</li>
 supported by Trace32 (Lauterbach).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-photonic-processor-chen-sun:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">RISC-V photonic processor: Chen Sun</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-photonic-processor-chen-sun:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">RISC-V photonic processor: Chen Sun</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Process scaling has helped massively for data transfer within a chip, but
@@ -7046,7 +7046,7 @@ controller.</li>
 our predictions!</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="untethering-the-risc-v-rocket-chip-wei-song:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">Untethering the RISC-V Rocket Chip: Wei Song</h2>
+<h2 id="untethering-the-risc-v-rocket-chip-wei-song:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">Untethering the RISC-V Rocket Chip: Wei Song</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Rocket is an open-source SoC generator from Berkeley. The base Rocket core
@@ -7076,7 +7076,7 @@ wanted), interrupt controller, trace debugger (Stefan Wallentowitz),
 run-control debug (SiFive), platform spec.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">MIT&rsquo;s RISCY expedition: Andy Wright</h2>
+<h2 id="mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">MIT&rsquo;s RISCY expedition: Andy Wright</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>MIT implemented an IMAFD 64-bit RISC-V processor in Bluespec System Verilog.
@@ -7104,7 +7104,7 @@ of the design are used as challenges for student projects and releasing it
 could compromise the projects.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="pydgin-for-risc-v-a-fast-and-productive-instruction-set-simulator-berkin-ilbeyi:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">Pydgin for RISC-V, a fast and productive instruction-set simulator: Berkin Ilbeyi</h2>
+<h2 id="pydgin-for-risc-v-a-fast-and-productive-instruction-set-simulator-berkin-ilbeyi:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">Pydgin for RISC-V, a fast and productive instruction-set simulator: Berkin Ilbeyi</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Simple interpreted instruction set simulators get 1-10MIPS of performance.
@@ -7131,7 +7131,7 @@ control and memory divergence for SIMD, and more.</li>
 <li>Pydgin is <a href="https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin">online at Github</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="orca-fpga-optimized-risc-v-soft-processors-guy-lemieux:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">ORCA, FPGA-optimized RISC-V soft processors: Guy Lemieux</h2>
+<h2 id="orca-fpga-optimized-risc-v-soft-processors-guy-lemieux:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">ORCA, FPGA-optimized RISC-V soft processors: Guy Lemieux</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>ORCA is completely open-source. See it <a href="https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin">at
@@ -7156,7 +7156,7 @@ counters are too big, putting pressure on multiplexers. For FPGAs, perhaps
 defined small/med/full versions.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="pulpino-a-small-single-core-risc-v-soc-andreas-traber:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">PULPino, a small single-core RISC-V SoC: Andreas Traber</h2>
+<h2 id="pulpino-a-small-single-core-risc-v-soc-andreas-traber:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">PULPino, a small single-core RISC-V SoC: Andreas Traber</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>PULP and PULPino developed at ETH Zurich and University of Bologna with many
@@ -7190,7 +7190,7 @@ the Solderpad license. Just awaiting final approval from the University
 branch prediction, and evaluate further non-standard ISA extensions.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="the-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-boom-christopher-celio:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): Christopher Celio</h2>
+<h2 id="the-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-boom-christopher-celio:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): Christopher Celio</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>An out-of-order core. It&rsquo;s synthesizable, parameterizable, and open-source.</li>
@@ -7234,7 +7234,7 @@ seem to be published yet?)</li>
 <li>Want to grow a community of &ldquo;baby BOOMers&rdquo; :)</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="bluespec-s-risc-v-factory-rishiyur-nikhil:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">Bluespec&rsquo;s &ldquo;RISC-V Factory&rdquo;: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
+<h2 id="bluespec-s-risc-v-factory-rishiyur-nikhil:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">Bluespec&rsquo;s &ldquo;RISC-V Factory&rdquo;: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Bluespec&rsquo;s &lsquo;RISC-V Factory&rsquo; is aimed at organisations who want to create
@@ -7249,7 +7249,7 @@ devices. Working on flash for booting and Ethernet.</li>
 <li>Provide a complete development and verification environment.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="dover-a-metadata-extended-risc-v-andre-dehon:de52cac55f5971e5407711238e57a2f4">DOVER, a metadata-extended RISC-V: Andre DeHon</h2>
+<h2 id="dover-a-metadata-extended-risc-v-andre-dehon:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff">DOVER, a metadata-extended RISC-V: Andre DeHon</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Current computer systems are insecure, and the processor architecture
@@ -7288,15 +7288,15 @@ licenses.</li>
 <li>Question: what is the overhead? Don&rsquo;t have figures yet for RISC-V. From
 previous work, have 10% area overhead and twice the area, 60% energy overhead.</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 2016 17:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 2016 17:35:57 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/">third RISC-V workshop</a> is going
 on today and tomorrow at the Oracle Conference Center, California. I&rsquo;ll be
 keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
-<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two">here</a> for
+<a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two">here</a> for
 notes from the second day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="introductions-and-risc-v-foundation-overview-rick-o-connor:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="introductions-and-risc-v-foundation-overview-rick-o-connor:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Save the date, the 4th RISC-V workshop will be July 12th-13th at the MIT
@@ -7325,7 +7325,7 @@ Microsemi, Oracle, SiFive, antmicro, codasip, Gray Research, Lattice
 Semiconductor, lowRISC, ROA logic, Rumble Development, Syntacore, Technolution</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-updates-krste-asanovic:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">RISC-V Updates: Krste Asanovic</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-updates-krste-asanovic:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">RISC-V Updates: Krste Asanovic</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The 1.9 version of the compressed extension is on track to become frozen and
@@ -7362,7 +7362,7 @@ management. To what extent can platform specs be shared across
 microcontroller-class, application cores, and rack-scale designs?</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-external-debug-aka-jtag-debugging-tim-newsome:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">RISC-V External Debug (aka JTAG debugging): Tim Newsome</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-external-debug-aka-jtag-debugging-tim-newsome:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">RISC-V External Debug (aka JTAG debugging): Tim Newsome</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Goals: a debug system that works for everybody with a working system done by
@@ -7395,7 +7395,7 @@ implementations could implement. Is there a discovery mechanism for the
 functionality that is supported? Yes.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-in-axiom-michael-gielda:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">RISC-V in Axiom: Michael Gielda</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-in-axiom-michael-gielda:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">RISC-V in Axiom: Michael Gielda</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Axiom is a fully open source 4K film camera design. It is an EU Horizon 2020
@@ -7416,7 +7416,7 @@ methodology.</li>
 technical review in March at which point it should be working.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="emulating-future-hpc-soc-architectures-using-risc-v-farzad-fatollahi-fard:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">Emulating future HPC SoC architectures using RISC-V: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2>
+<h2 id="emulating-future-hpc-soc-architectures-using-risc-v-farzad-fatollahi-fard:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">Emulating future HPC SoC architectures using RISC-V: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Should HPC take inspiration from the embedded market?</li>
@@ -7437,7 +7437,7 @@ chisel). AHB endpoints have now beed added and AXI is in-development.</li>
 <li>For more info, see <a href="http://www.codexhpc.org/">CoDEx HPC</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="grvi-phalanx-a-massively-parallel-risc-v-fpga-accelerator-jan-gray:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">GRVI Phalanx. A massively parallel RISC-V FPGA accelerator: Jan Gray</h2>
+<h2 id="grvi-phalanx-a-massively-parallel-risc-v-fpga-accelerator-jan-gray:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">GRVI Phalanx. A massively parallel RISC-V FPGA accelerator: Jan Gray</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>GRVI is pronounced &lsquo;groovy&rsquo;.</li>
@@ -7476,7 +7476,7 @@ potential bridge to Chisel RISC-V infrastructure?</li>
 licensing model.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="coreboot-on-risc-v-ron-minnich:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">Coreboot on RISC-V: Ron Minnich</h2>
+<h2 id="coreboot-on-risc-v-ron-minnich:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">Coreboot on RISC-V: Ron Minnich</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Initializing the stuff outside the main CPU on a chromebook takes about 1
@@ -7519,7 +7519,7 @@ binary.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-and-uefi-dong-wei-and-abner-chang:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">RISC-V and UEFI: Dong Wei and Abner Chang</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-and-uefi-dong-wei-and-abner-chang:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">RISC-V and UEFI: Dong Wei and Abner Chang</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>There is a UEFI Forum consistent of a board of 12 directors, 12 promoters,
@@ -7537,7 +7537,7 @@ PM, PCI and other devices), and also implemented RISC-V machine mode.</li>
 CSR, PI management mode support, &hellip; (sorry, missed some).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="freebsd-and-risc-v-ruslan-bukin:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">FreeBSD and RISC-V: Ruslan Bukin</h2>
+<h2 id="freebsd-and-risc-v-ruslan-bukin:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">FreeBSD and RISC-V: Ruslan Bukin</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>FreeBSD will support RV64I in release 11.0.</li>
@@ -7562,7 +7562,7 @@ privilege level, and should reduce code size.</li>
 page</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:6ba2032c06bf883b3d2851c8414b058c">Building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2>
+<h2 id="building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc">Building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>&ldquo;2016 is the year of RISC-V&rdquo;. Or at least, the year of RISC-V software. We
@@ -7591,7 +7591,7 @@ Boot Requirements), RISC-V ABI, hypervisor, security.</li>
 <li>Useful documents include a RISC-V Assembly Guide, some equivalent of the ARM
 Cortex-A Programmer&rsquo;s Guide, and a New Contributor&rsquo;s Guide.</li>
 </ul>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Untethered lowRISC release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 10:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Untethered lowRISC release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/</guid><pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2015 10:30:00 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or
 &lsquo;untethered&rsquo; SoC. Cores in the original <a href="https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip">Rocket
 chip</a> rely on communicating with a
 companion processor via the host-target interface (HTIF) to access peripherals
@@ -7637,7 +7637,7 @@ to Rob Mullins <a href="mailto:Robert.Mullins@cl.cam.ac.uk">Robert.Mullins@cl.ca
 <p>We hope to see many of you at the <a href="https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/">3rd RISC-V
 Workshop</a> in January, where Wei Song
 and Alex Bradbury will be presenting about lowRISC.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2015 10:51:14 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for <a href="http://openrisc.io/orconf/">ORConf
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2015 10:51:14 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for <a href="http://openrisc.io/orconf/">ORConf
 2015</a>. The event is kindly being hosted by CERN at
 the <a href="http://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/ideasquare/about">IdeaSquare</a>.
 Last year&rsquo;s ORConf was home to the first public talk on lowRISC and we&rsquo;re
@@ -7658,14 +7658,14 @@ do submit a proposal either via the link at the <a href="http://openrisc.io/orco
 website</a> or to me at asb@lowrisc.org. We hope to
 see many of you there - please <a href="http://goo.gl/forms/KRZux8vnyO">register
 here</a>.</p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2015 17:00:45 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/</guid><pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2015 17:00:45 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>It&rsquo;s the second day of the <a href="https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/">second RISC-V
 workshop</a> today in Berkeley,
 California.  I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements
 throughout the day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="z-scale-tiny-32-bit-risc-v-systems-yunsup-lee:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee</h2>
+<h2 id="z-scale-tiny-32-bit-risc-v-systems-yunsup-lee:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Z-Scale is a family of tiny cores, similar in spirit to the ARM Cortex-M
@@ -7704,7 +7704,7 @@ performance, implementing the C extensions, adding an MMU option, and adding
 more devices.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="boom-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-chris-celio:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">BOOM. Berkeley Out-of-order-Machine: Chris Celio</h2>
+<h2 id="boom-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-chris-celio:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">BOOM. Berkeley Out-of-order-Machine: Chris Celio</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>BOOM is a (work in progress) superscalar, out-of-order RISC-V processor
@@ -7732,7 +7732,7 @@ instructions.</li>
 microarchitecture designs. The plan is to open source by this winter.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="fabscalar-risc-v-rangeen-basu-roy-chowdhury:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Fabscalar RISC-V: Rangeen Basu Roy Chowdhury</h2>
+<h2 id="fabscalar-risc-v-rangeen-basu-roy-chowdhury:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Fabscalar RISC-V: Rangeen Basu Roy Chowdhury</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>A FabScalar RISC-V version should be released in the next few days</li>
@@ -7752,7 +7752,7 @@ GitHub in the fall.</li>
 <li>The license isn&rsquo;t yet decided, but there&rsquo;s a good chance it will be BSD.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="aristotle-a-logically-determined-clockless-risc-v-rv32i-matthew-kim:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Aristotle. A Logically Determined (Clockless) RISC-V RV32I: Matthew Kim</h2>
+<h2 id="aristotle-a-logically-determined-clockless-risc-v-rv32i-matthew-kim:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Aristotle. A Logically Determined (Clockless) RISC-V RV32I: Matthew Kim</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Two logical values are defined. Data and null (not data). Then define
@@ -7766,7 +7766,7 @@ waiting for the recording.</li>
 serious optimisation).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="risc-v-erification-prashanth-mundkur:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">RISC-V(erification): Prashanth Mundkur</h2>
+<h2 id="risc-v-erification-prashanth-mundkur:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">RISC-V(erification): Prashanth Mundkur</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Current architectures e.g. those from Intel and ARM have large errata sheets
@@ -7794,15 +7794,15 @@ micro-architectural variants of RISC-V. Rely on translating between
 microarchitectural-states and ISA-level states.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="towards-general-purpose-tagged-memory-wei-song:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Towards General-Purpose Tagged Memory: Wei Song</h2>
+<h2 id="towards-general-purpose-tagged-memory-wei-song:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Towards General-Purpose Tagged Memory: Wei Song</h2>
 
 <ul>
-<li>Wei Song is presenting his <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/">work on tagged memory support in
+<li>Wei Song is presenting his <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/">work on tagged memory support in
 lowRISC</a>.
 I&rsquo;ll post the slides shortly.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="raven3-a-28nm-risc-v-vector-processor-with-on-chip-dc-dc-convertors-brian-zimmer:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Raven3, a 28nm RISC-V Vector Processor with On-Chip DC/DC Convertors: Brian Zimmer</h2>
+<h2 id="raven3-a-28nm-risc-v-vector-processor-with-on-chip-dc-dc-convertors-brian-zimmer:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Raven3, a 28nm RISC-V Vector Processor with On-Chip DC/DC Convertors: Brian Zimmer</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling on-chip with no off-chip
@@ -7821,7 +7821,7 @@ fine-grained DVFS.</li>
 26GFLOPS/W using the on-chip conversion.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="evaluating-risc-v-cores-for-pulp-an-open-parallel-ultra-low-power-platform-sven-stucki:567027a3c41d4c7f721c232ee28182e0">Evaluating RISC-V Cores for PULP. An Open Parallel Ultra-Low-Power Platform : Sven Stucki</h2>
+<h2 id="evaluating-risc-v-cores-for-pulp-an-open-parallel-ultra-low-power-platform-sven-stucki:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354">Evaluating RISC-V Cores for PULP. An Open Parallel Ultra-Low-Power Platform : Sven Stucki</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Approximately 40 people working on PULP in some way</li>
@@ -7844,13 +7844,13 @@ website</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2015 17:02:57 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2015 17:02:57 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ 
 
 <p>The <a href="https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/">second RISC-V workshop</a> is going
 on today and tomorrow in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live
 blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p>
 
-<h2 id="introductions-and-welcome-krste-asanović:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović</h2>
+<h2 id="introductions-and-welcome-krste-asanović:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>The beginning of Krste&rsquo;s talk will be familiar for anyone who&rsquo;s seen an
@@ -7891,7 +7891,7 @@ foundation in good standing to use the RISC-V trademark (unless you are a
 non-profit).</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="an-update-on-lowrisc-alex-bradbury:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">An update on lowRISC: Alex Bradbury</h2>
+<h2 id="an-update-on-lowrisc-alex-bradbury:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">An update on lowRISC: Alex Bradbury</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Many thanks to the audience for all the questions. My slides are <a href="https://speakerdeck.com/asb/an-update-on-lowrisc">available
@@ -7901,7 +7901,7 @@ malfunctioning US State Department computer systems and so haven&rsquo;t been ab
 to get visas to give their talk</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="compressed-extension-proposal-david-patterson:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">Compressed Extension Proposal: David Patterson</h2>
+<h2 id="compressed-extension-proposal-david-patterson:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">Compressed Extension Proposal: David Patterson</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Looked at existing compressed instruction sets, and tried to simplify things
@@ -7926,7 +7926,7 @@ the minimal &lsquo;I&rsquo; instruction set, but could add it to the standard ex
 Linux.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="goblincore64-a-risc-v-extension-for-data-intensive-computing-john-leidel:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">GoblinCore64. A RISC-V Extension for Data Intensive Computing: John Leidel</h2>
+<h2 id="goblincore64-a-risc-v-extension-for-data-intensive-computing-john-leidel:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">GoblinCore64. A RISC-V Extension for Data Intensive Computing: John Leidel</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Building a processor design aimed at data intensive algorithms and
@@ -7949,7 +7949,7 @@ memory coalescing units.</li>
 <a href="http://discl.cs.ttu.edu/gitlab/gc64/gc64-doc/tree/master">here</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanović:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanović</h2>
+<h2 id="vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanović:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanović</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Goals: efficient and scalable to all reasonable design points. Be a good
@@ -7999,7 +7999,7 @@ extension to follow.</li>
 that a minimal V implementation would be very space efficient.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="privileged-architecture-proposal-andrew-waterman:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">Privileged Architecture Proposal: Andrew Waterman</h2>
+<h2 id="privileged-architecture-proposal-andrew-waterman:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">Privileged Architecture Proposal: Andrew Waterman</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Aims to provide a clean split between layers of the stack.</li>
@@ -8032,7 +8032,7 @@ specified.</li>
 v2.0 targeted for the fall.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="rapidio-the-unified-fabric-for-performance-critical-computing-rick-o-connor:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">RapidIO. The Unified Fabric for Performance-Critical Computing: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
+<h2 id="rapidio-the-unified-fabric-for-performance-critical-computing-rick-o-connor:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">RapidIO. The Unified Fabric for Performance-Critical Computing: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>There are more 10Gbps RapidIO ports on the planet than there are 10Gbps
@@ -8044,7 +8044,7 @@ ACE and connect that to RapidIO.</li>
 <li>There is interesting work on an open source RapidIO stack.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<h2 id="cava-cluster-in-a-rack-peter-hsu:f089e2b5246d78036f5641020e13d231">CAVA. Cluster in a rack: Peter Hsu</h2>
+<h2 id="cava-cluster-in-a-rack-peter-hsu:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2">CAVA. Cluster in a rack: Peter Hsu</h2>
 
 <ul>
 <li>Problem: designing a new computer is expensive. But 80% is the same every
@@ -8070,7 +8070,7 @@ individual cache lines lockable.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2015 20:45:07 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/</guid><pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2015 20:45:07 +0100</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this
 year&rsquo;s <a href="https://developers.google.com/open-source/soc/">Google Summer of
 Code</a>. The Google Summer of
 Code program funds students to work on open source projects over the summer.
@@ -8193,7 +8193,7 @@ involved to our community. If you have any questions, suggestions, or guidance
 please do leave them in the comments.</p>
 
 <p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p>
- ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2015 22:28:10 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/">first lowRISC preview release</a>, demonstrating support for tagged memory as
+ ]]></description></item><item><title>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</title><link>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/</link><guid>https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/</guid><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2015 22:28:10 +0000</pubDate><author>info@lowrisc.org (lowRISC)</author><description><![CDATA[ <p>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/">first lowRISC preview release</a>, demonstrating support for tagged memory as
 described in <a href="https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/">our memo</a>. Our ambition with lowRISC is to provide an open-source System-on-Chip
 platform for others to build on, along with low-cost development boards
 featuring a reference implementation. Although there&rsquo;s more work to be done on
diff --git a/jobs/index.html b/jobs/index.html
index dbfcedfa..db07237c 100644
--- a/jobs/index.html
+++ b/jobs/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Jobs &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>Work at lowRISC</h1><section><div class=col><p class="lead font-weight-bold">lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>Work at lowRISC</h1><section><div class=col><p class="lead font-weight-bold">lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world.
 We are producing high-quality, security-focused, open, and flexible IP.</p><p>We are currently growing our team to deliver on an exciting, high impact, open source hardware roadmap in collaboration with Google and other industry partners.</p><p>You can get a sense of some of our activities from <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>the lowRISC GitHub repo</a>, and our open source RISC-V core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a> is in active development.
 Our mission is to make open hardware a reality at scale, and that means making pragmatic choices in what we do.
 Some of our work is embargoed for now.
diff --git a/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html b/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce3d9952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC tagged memory preview release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>April 13, 2015</time></address><p>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>first lowRISC preview release</a>, demonstrating support for tagged memory as
+described in <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>our memo</a>. Our ambition with lowRISC is to provide an open-source System-on-Chip
+platform for others to build on, along with low-cost development boards
+featuring a reference implementation. Although there&rsquo;s more work to be done on
+the tagged memory implementation, now seemed a good time to document what
+we&rsquo;ve done in order for the wider community to take a look. Please see our
+<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>full tutorial</a> which describes in some
+detail the changes we&rsquo;ve made to the Berkeley <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket>Rocket
+core</a>, as well as how you can build and try
+it out for yourself (either in simulation, or on an FPGA). We&rsquo;ve gone to some
+effort to produce this documentation, both to document our work, and to share
+our experiences building upon the Berkeley RISC-V code releases in the hopes
+they&rsquo;ll be useful to other groups.</p><p>The initial motivation for tagged memory was to prevent control-flow hijacking
+attacks, though there are a range of other potential uses including
+fine-grained memory synchronisation, garbage collection, and debug tools.<br>Please note that the instructions used to manipulate tagged memory in this
+release (<code>ltag</code> and <code>stag</code>) are only temporary and chosen simply because they
+require minimal changes to the core pipeline. Future work will include
+exploring better ISA support, collecting performance numbers across a range of
+tagged memory uses and tuning the tag cache. We are also working on developing
+an &lsquo;untethered&rsquo; version of the SoC with the necessary peripherals integrated
+for standalone operation.</p><p>If you&rsquo;ve visited lowrisc.org before, you&rsquo;ll have noticed we&rsquo;ve changed a few
+things around. Keep an eye on this blog (and its <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml>RSS
+feed</a>) to keep an eye on developments - we
+expect to be updating at least every couple of weeks. We&rsquo;re very grateful to
+the RISC-V team at Berkeley for all their support and guidance. A large
+portion of the credit for this initial code release goes to <a href=http://wsong83.github.io/>Wei
+Song</a>, who&rsquo;s been working tirelessly on the HDL
+implementation.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Summer of Code students for lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 13, 2015</time></address><p>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this
+year&rsquo;s <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/soc/>Google Summer of
+Code</a>. The Google Summer of
+Code program funds students to work on open source projects over the summer.
+We had 52 applications across the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2015-ideas/>range of project
+ideas</a> we&rsquo;ve been advertising.
+As you can see from the range of project ideas, lowRISC is taking part as an
+umbrella organisation, working with a number of our friends in the wider open
+source software and hardware community.
+We were allocated three slots from Google, and given the volume of high
+quality applications making the selection was tremendously difficult. We have
+actually been able to fund an additional three applicants from other sources,
+but even then there were many promising projects we couldn&rsquo;t support. We are
+extremely grateful to all the students who put so much time and effort in to
+their proposals, and to everyone who volunteered to mentor. The six &lsquo;summer of
+code&rsquo; projects for lowRISC are:</p><ul><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/asy/5757334940811264>An online Verilog IDE based on
+YosysJS</a>.
+Baptiste Duprat mentored by Clifford Wolf</p><ul><li>Baptiste will be working with an Emscripten-compiled version of
+the <a href=http://www.clifford.at/yosys/>Yosys</a> logic synthesis tool, building an
+online Verilog IDE on top
+of it which would be particularly suitable for training and teaching
+materials. A big chunk of the proposed work is related to visualisation of the
+generated logic. Improving the accessibility of hardware design is essential for
+growing the potential contributor base to open source hardware
+projects like lowRISC, and this is just the start of our efforts in that
+space.</li></ul></li><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/hesham/5868011953061888>Porting seL4 to
+RISC-V</a>.
+Hesham ALMatary mentored by Stefan Wallentowitz</p><ul><li><a href=https://sel4.systems/>seL4</a> is a formally verified microkernel, which
+currently has ports
+for x86 and ARM. Hesham will be performing a complete port to
+RISC-V/lowRISC. Security and microkernels are of great interest to
+many in the community. It&rsquo;s also a good opportunity to expand RISC-V platform
+support and to put the recently released <a href=https://blog.riscv.org/2015/05/risc-v-draft-privileged-architecture-version-1-7-released/>RISC-V Privileged Architecture
+Specification</a>
+through its paces. Hesham previously performed a port of RTEMS to
+OpenRISC.</li></ul></li><li><p><a href=http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gsoc2015/prannoy1994/5651442522128384>Porting jor1k to
+RISC-V</a>.
+Prannoy Pilligundla mentored by Sebastian Macke</p><ul><li><a href=https://s-macke.github.io/jor1k/>jor1k</a> is by far the
+<a href=https://github.com/s-macke/jor1k/wiki/Benchmark-with-other-emulators>fastest</a>
+Javascript-based full system
+simulator. It also features a network device, filesystem support, and
+a framebuffer. Prannoy will be adding support for RISC-V and look at
+supporting some of the features we offer on lowRISC such as <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/memo-2014-001-tagged-memory-and-minion-cores/>minion
+cores or tagged
+memory</a>.
+This will be great not only as a demo, but
+also have practical uses in tutorial or educational material.</li></ul></li><li><p>TCP offload to minion cores using rump kernels. Sebastian Wicki
+mentored by Justin Cormack</p><ul><li>The intention here is to get a <a href=http://rumpkernel.org/>rump kernel</a>
+(essentially a libified
+NetBSD) running bare-metal on a simple RISC-V system and evaluate
+exposing the TCP/IP stack for use by other cores. e.g. a TCP/IP
+offload engine running on a minion core. TCP offload is a good
+starting point, but of course the same concept could be applied
+elsewhere. For example, running a USB mass storage driver (and filesystem
+implementation) on a minion core and providing a simple high-level
+interface to the application cores.</li></ul></li><li><p>Extend Tavor to support directed generation of assembly test cases.
+Yoann Blein mentored by Markus Zimmermann</p><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/zimmski/tavor>Tavor</a> is a sophisticated fuzzing tool
+implemented in Go. Yoann
+will be extending it to more readily support specifying instruction
+set features and generating a fuzzing suite targeting an ISA such as
+RISC-V. Yoann has some really interesting ideas on how to go about
+this, so I&rsquo;m really interested in seeing where this on ends up.</li></ul></li><li><p>Implement a Wishbone to TileLink bridge and extend TileLink
+documentation. Thomas Repetti mentored by Wei Song</p><ul><li><a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishbone_%28computer_bus%29>Wishbone</a> is the
+interconnect of choice for most existing open
+source IP cores, including most devices on
+<a href=http://opencores.org/>opencores.org</a>. The Berkeley
+<a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>Rocket</a> RISC-V implementation uses
+their own &lsquo;TileLink&rsquo; protocol (we provide a <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/rocket-chip/>brief
+overview</a>. By providing a
+reusable bridge, this project will allow the easy reuse of opencores devices
+and leverage the many man-years of effort that has already gone in to them.</li></ul></li></ul><p>The first 3 of the above projects are part of Google Summer of Code
+and the bottom 3 directly funded, operating over roughly the same timeline.
+We&rsquo;re also going to be having two local
+students interning with us here at the University of Cambridge
+Computer Lab starting towards the end of June, so it&rsquo;s going to be a
+busy and productive summer. It bears repeating just how much we appreciate the
+support of everyone involved so far - Google through their Summer of Code
+initiative, the students, and those who&rsquo;ve offered to act as mentors. We&rsquo;re
+very excited about these projects, so please join us in welcoming the students
+involved to our community. If you have any questions, suggestions, or guidance
+please do leave them in the comments.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 29, 2015</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/>second RISC-V workshop</a> is going
+on today and tomorrow in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live
+blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=introductions-and-welcome-krste-asanović:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>The beginning of Krste&rsquo;s talk will be familiar for anyone who&rsquo;s seen an
+introduction to RISC-V before. Pleasingly, there are a lot of new faces here
+at the workshop so the introduction of course makes a lot of sense.</li><li>Although the core RISC-V effort is focused on the ISA specification, there
+is interest in looking to expand this to look at how to standardise access to
+I/O etc.</li><li>RV32E is a &ldquo;pre-emptive strike&rdquo; at those who might be tempted to fragment
+the ISA space for very small cores. It is a 16-register subset of RV32I.</li><li>The compressed instruction set has been released since the last workshop,
+there will be talk later today about it. It gives 25-30% code size reduction,
+and surprisingly there&rsquo;s still lots of 16-bit encode space for additional
+extensions.</li><li>Krste makes the point that AArch64 has 8 addressing modes vs just 1 for
+RISC-V. The comparison of the size of the GCC/LLVM backends is perhaps less
+interesting given that the ARM backend actually has rather a lot more
+optimisations.</li><li>&ldquo;Simplicity breeds contempt&rdquo;. &ldquo;So far, no evidence more complex ISA is
+justified for general code&rdquo;</li><li>Will be talking about a Cray-style vector ISA extension later today (i.e.<br>not packed-SIMD ISA or GPU-style).</li><li>Rocket core is only about ~12kloc of Chisel in total. ~5kloc for the
+processor, ~2kloc for floating-point units, ~4.6kloc for &lsquo;uncore&rsquo; (coherence
+hubs, L2, caches etc).</li><li>State of the RISC-V Nation: many companies &lsquo;kicking the tires&rsquo;. If you were
+thinking of designing your own RISC ISA for project, then use RISC-V. If you
+need a complete working support core <em>today</em> then pay $M for an industry core.<br>If you need it in 6 months, then consider spending that $M on RISC-V
+development.</li><li>RISC-V Foundation is being formed, a 501&copy;(6), with Rick O&rsquo;Conner as
+Executive Director. The mission statement is &ldquo;to standardize, protect, and
+promote the free and open RISC-V instruction set architecture and its hardware
+and software ecosystem for use in all computing devices&rdquo;. Plan is to publicly
+announce before HotChips later this year and is actively recruiting companies
+who want to be &lsquo;founding&rsquo; members. You will need to be a member of the
+foundation in good standing to use the RISC-V trademark (unless you are a
+non-profit).</li></ul><h2 id=an-update-on-lowrisc-alex-bradbury:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>An update on lowRISC: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>Many thanks to the audience for all the questions. My slides are <a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/an-update-on-lowrisc>available
+here</a>.</li><li>Unfortunately the SHAKTI project team from India have been caught up in the
+malfunctioning US State Department computer systems and so haven&rsquo;t been able
+to get visas to give their talk</li></ul><h2 id=compressed-extension-proposal-david-patterson:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>Compressed Extension Proposal: David Patterson</h2><ul><li>Looked at existing compressed instruction sets, and tried to simplify things
+and throw away ideas that add complexity but provide little benefit.</li><li>Ended up with a specification that is pleasingly minimal, with each
+instruction decoding to a single RV32 instruction.</li><li>Keen on community feedback on additional RVC instructions. Identified a set
+of 24 that have little impact on current compiler-generated code, but could be
+useful for some use cases.</li><li>You can read the RVC spec
+<a href=https://riscv.org/specifications/compressed-isa/>here</a>.</li><li>Points out that Thumb2 is only a 32-bit address ISA. Although it is slightly
+smaller than RV32C, the RISC-V compressed spec has the benefit of supporting
+64-bit addressing.</li><li>Rather than adding the complexity of load multiple and store multiple,
+experimented with adding calls to a function that does the same thing. This
+hurts performance, but gives a large benefit for code size.</li><li>One question was on the power consumption impact. Don&rsquo;t have numbers on that<br>yet.</li><li>Should we require the compressed instruction set? Don&rsquo;t want to add it to
+the minimal &lsquo;I&rsquo; instruction set, but could add it to the standard expected by
+Linux.</li></ul><h2 id=goblincore64-a-risc-v-extension-for-data-intensive-computing-john-leidel:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>GoblinCore64. A RISC-V Extension for Data Intensive Computing: John Leidel</h2><ul><li>Building a processor design aimed at data intensive algorithms and
+applications. Applications tend to be very cache unfriendly.</li><li>GC64 (Goblin Core) has a thread control unit. A very small micro-coded unit
+(e.g. implement RV64C) is microcoded to perform the contest switching task.</li><li>Have added user-visible registers for thread id, thread context, task
+exception register etc etc.</li><li>The GKEY supervisor register contains a 64-bit key loaded by the kernel. It
+determines whether a task may spawn and execute work on neighboring task
+processors, providing a very rudimentary protection mechanism.</li><li>Making use of RV128I - it&rsquo;s not just there for fun!</li><li>Support various instruction extensions, e.g. IWAIT, SWPAWN, JOIN, GETTASK,
+SETTASK. Basic operations needed to write a thread management system (such as
+pthreads) implemented as microcoded instructions in the RISC-V ISA.</li><li>Also attempting to define the data structures which contain task queue data.</li><li>Currently looking at lowRISC-style minion cores to implement microcoded
+memory coalescing units.</li><li>Read the GC64 specification doc
+<a href=http://discl.cs.ttu.edu/gitlab/gc64/gc64-doc/tree/master>here</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanović:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>Goals: efficient and scalable to all reasonable design points. Be a good
+compiler target, and to support implicit auto-vectorisation through OpenMP and
+explicit SPMD (OpenCL) programming models. Want to work with virtualisation
+layers, and fit into the standard 32-bit encoding space.</li><li>Krste is critical of GPUs for general compute. I can summarise his arguments
+here, but the slides will be well worth a read. Krste has spent decades
+working on vector machines.</li><li>With packed SIMD you tend to need completely new instructions for wider
+SIMD. Traditional vector machines allow you to set the vector length register
+to provide a more uniform programming model. This makes loop strip-mining more
+straight-forward.</li><li>Add up to 32 vector data registers (v0-v31) in addition to the basic scalar
+x and f registers. Each vector register is at least 3 elements each, with
+variable bits per element. Also add 8 vector predicate registers, with 1-bit
+per element. Finally, add vector configuration and vector length CSR
+registers.</li><li>Other features<ul><li>Reconfigurable vector registers allow you to exchange unused architectural
+registers for longer vectors. e.g. if you only need 4 architectural vector
+registers you&rsquo;ll have a larger vector length.</li><li>Mixed-precision support</li><li>Intenger, fixed-point, floating-point arithmetic</li><li>Unit-stride, strided, indexed load/stores</li><li>Predication</li></ul></li><li>Mixed-precision support allows you to subdivide a physical register into
+multiple narrower architectural registers as requested.</li><li>Sam binary code works regardless of number of physical register bits and the
+number of physical lanes.</li><li>Use a polymorphic instruction encoding. e.g. a single signed integer ADD
+opcode that works on different size inputs and outputs.</li><li>Have separate integer and floating-point loads and stores, where the size is
+inherent in the destination register number.</li><li>All instructions are implicitly predicated under the first predicate
+register by default.</li><li>What is the difference between V and Hwacha? Hwacha is a non-standard
+Berkeley vector extensions design to push the state-of-the-art for
+in-order/decoupled vector machines. There are similarities in the lane
+microarchitecture. Current focus is bringing up OpenCL for Hwacha, with the V
+extension to follow.</li><li>Restartable page faults are supported. Similar to the DEC Vector VAX.</li><li>Krste pleads people not to implement a packed SIMD extension, pointing out
+that a minimal V implementation would be very space efficient.</li></ul><h2 id=privileged-architecture-proposal-andrew-waterman:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>Privileged Architecture Proposal: Andrew Waterman</h2><ul><li>Aims to provide a clean split between layers of the stack.</li><li>You can read the privileged spec
+<a href=https://riscv.org/specifications/privileged-isa/>here</a>.</li><li>Supports four privilege modes. User, Supervisor, Hypervisor and Machine
+mode.</li><li>For a simple embedded system that only needs M-mode there is a low
+implementation cost. Only 2^7 bits of architectural state in addition to the
+user ISA, plus 2^7 more bits for timers and another 2^7 for basic performance
+counters.</li><li>Defined the basic virtual memory architectures to support current Unix-style
+operating systems. The design is fairly conventional, using 4KiB pages.</li><li>Why go with 4KiB pages rather than 8KiB as was the initial plan? Concerned
+with porting software hard-coded to expect 4KiB pages. Also concerns about
+internal fragmentation.</li><li>Physical memory attributes such as cacheability are not encoded in the page
+table in RISC-V. Two major reasons that Andrew disagrees with this are that
+the granularity may not be tied to the page size, plus it is problematic for
+virtualisation. Potentially coherent DMA will become more common meaning you
+needn&rsquo;t worry about these attributes.</li><li>Want to support device interactions via a virtio-style interface.</li><li>The draft Supervisor Binary Interface will be released with the next
+privileged ISA draft. It includes common functionality for TLB shootdowns,
+reboot/shutdown, sending inter-processor interrupts etc etc. This is a similar
+idea to the PALCode on the Alpha.</li><li>Hardware-accelerated virtualization (H-mode) is planned, but not yet
+specified.</li><li>A draft version of v1.8 of the spec is expected this summer, with a frozen
+v2.0 targeted for the fall.</li></ul><h2 id=rapidio-the-unified-fabric-for-performance-critical-computing-rick-o-connor:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>RapidIO. The Unified Fabric for Performance-Critical Computing: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>There are more 10Gbps RapidIO ports on the planet than there are 10Gbps
+Ethernet ports. This is primarily due to the 100% market penetration in 4G/LTE
+and 60% global 3G.</li><li>The IIT Madras team are using RapidIO extensively for their RISC-V work</li><li>Has been doing work in the data center and HPC space. Looking to use the AXI
+ACE and connect that to RapidIO.</li><li>There is interesting work on an open source RapidIO stack.</li></ul><h2 id=cava-cluster-in-a-rack-peter-hsu:6bc79a3ac5dfb398a724bcb922d6d1a2>CAVA. Cluster in a rack: Peter Hsu</h2><ul><li>Problem: designing a new computer is expensive. But 80% is the same every
+time.</li><li>CAVA is not the same as the Oracle RAPID project.</li><li>Would like to build a 1024-node cluster in a rack. DDR4 3200 = 25.6GB/s per
+64-bit channel. Each 1U card would be about 600W with 32 nodes.</li><li>Looking at a 96-core 10nm chip (scaled from a previous 350nm project).<br>Suppose you have a 3-issue out of order core (600K gates) and 32KiB I+d cache,
+that would be around 0.24mm^2 in 10nm.</li><li>Estimate a vector unit might be around the same area.</li><li>Peter has detailed estimates for per-chip power, but it&rsquo;s probably best to
+refer to the slides for these.</li><li>Research plan for the cluster involves a unified simulation environment,
+running on generic clusters of x86 using open-source software. Everyone uses
+the same simulator to perform &ldquo;apples to apples&rdquo; comparison. This allows easy
+replication of published work.</li><li>Simulation infrastructure will involve a pipeline siumlator, SoC simulator
+(uncore logic), and a network simulator.</li><li>Interested in applying Cray-style vectors to database workloads</li><li>Could also have the ability to make associativity ways and possible
+individual cache lines lockable.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 30, 2015</time></address><p>It&rsquo;s the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/06/preliminary-agenda-for-the-2nd-risc-v-workshop-is-posted/>second RISC-V
+workshop</a> today in Berkeley,
+California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements
+throughout the day.</p><h2 id=z-scale-tiny-32-bit-risc-v-systems-yunsup-lee:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>Z-Scale is a family of tiny cores, similar in spirit to the ARM Cortex-M
+family. It integrates with the AHB-Lite interconnect.</li><li>Contrast to Rocket (in-order cores, 64-bit, 32-bit, dual-issue options), and
+BOOM (a family of out-of-order cores).</li><li>Z-Scale is a 32-bit 3-stage single-issue in-order pipeline executing the
+RV32IM ISA.</li><li>The instruction bus and data base are 32-bit AHB-Lite buses</li><li>There is a plan to publish a microarchitecture specification to make it easy
+for others to implement an equivalent design in the language of their choice.</li><li>The Zscale is slightly larger than the Cortex-M0 due to having 32 vs 16
+registers, 64-bit performance counters, and a fast multiply and divide. The
+plan is to add an option to generate a Zscale implementing RV32E (i.e. only
+having 16 registers).</li><li>Zscale is only 604 loc in Chisel. 274 lines for control, 267 for the
+datapath, and 63 for the top-level. Combine with 983loc borrowed from Rocket.</li><li>A Verilog implementation of Z-scale is being implemented. It&rsquo;s currently
+1215 lines of code.</li><li>The repo is <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/zscale>here</a>, but Yunsup needs to
+do a little more work to make it easily buildable. There will be a blog post
+on the RISC-V site soon.</li><li>All future Rocket development will move to the public
+<a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>rocket-chip</a> repo!</li><li>Memory interfaces:<ul><li>TileLink is the Berkeley cache-coherent interconnect</li><li>NASTI (Berkeley implementation of AXI4)</li><li>HASTI (implementation of AHB-lite)</li><li>POCI (implementation of APB)</li></ul></li><li>The plan is to dump HTIF in Rocket, and add a standard JTAG debug interface.</li><li>Future work for Z-Scale includes a microarchitecture document, improving
+performance, implementing the C extensions, adding an MMU option, and adding
+more devices.</li></ul><h2 id=boom-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-chris-celio:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>BOOM. Berkeley Out-of-order-Machine: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>BOOM is a (work in progress) superscalar, out-of-order RISC-V processor
+written in Chisel.</li><li>Chris argues there&rsquo;s been a general lack of effort in academia to build and
+evaluate out-of-order designs. As he points out, much research relies on
+software simulators with no area or power numbers.</li><li>Some of the difficult questions for BOOM are which benchmarks to use, and
+how many cycles you need to run. He points out that mapping to FPGA running at
+50MHz, it would take around a day for the SPEC benchmarks for a cluster of
+FPGAs.</li><li>The fact that rs1, rs2, rs3 and rd are always in the same space in the
+RISC-V ISA allows decode and rename to proceed in parallel.</li><li>BOOM supports the full RV64G standard. It benefits from reusing Rocket as a
+library of components.</li><li>BOOM uses explicit renaming, with a unified register file holding both
+x-regs and f-regs (floating point). A unified issue window holds all
+instructions.</li><li>BOOM is synthesisable and hits 2GHz (30 FO4) in TSMC 45nm.</li><li>BOOM is 9kloc of its own code, and pulls in 11.5kloc from other libraries
+(rocket, uncore, floating poing)</li><li>BOOM compares well to an ARM Cortex-A9 and A15 in terms of CoreMark/MHz. A
+4-wide BOOM gives a similar CoreMark/MHz to the A15.</li><li>Future work will look at new applications, a ROCC interface, new
+microarchitecture designs. The plan is to open source by this winter.</li></ul><h2 id=fabscalar-risc-v-rangeen-basu-roy-chowdhury:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Fabscalar RISC-V: Rangeen Basu Roy Chowdhury</h2><ul><li>A FabScalar RISC-V version should be released in the next few days</li><li>FabScalar generates synthesisable RTL for arbitrary superscalar cores with a
+canonical superscalar template.</li><li>FabScalar uses a library of pipeline stages, providing many different
+designs for each canonical pipeline stage.</li><li>Two chips have been built with FabScalar so far (using PISA).</li><li>The RISC-V port was built on the previous PIA &lsquo;Superset Core&rsquo;. This had
+64-bit instructions and 32-bit address and data.</li><li>For RISC-V FabScalar they have a unified physical register file and unified
+issue queue for floating point (so the FP ALU is treated like just another
+functional unit).</li><li>FabScalar RISC-V will be released as an open source tool complete with
+uncore components and verification infrastructure. It will be available on
+GitHub in the fall.</li><li>The license isn&rsquo;t yet decided, but there&rsquo;s a good chance it will be BSD.</li></ul><h2 id=aristotle-a-logically-determined-clockless-risc-v-rv32i-matthew-kim:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Aristotle. A Logically Determined (Clockless) RISC-V RV32I: Matthew Kim</h2><ul><li>Two logical values are defined. Data and null (not data). Then define
+threshold operators to produce &lsquo;null convention logic&rsquo;.</li><li>See <a href=https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~scott/papers/NCL2.pdf>here</a> for more on
+Null Convention Logic</li><li>This results in a system built entirely of combinational logic. I couldn&rsquo;t
+hope to accurately summarise the work here. I&rsquo;m afraid you might be best off
+waiting for the recording.</li><li>Current executing compiled quicksort at approximately 400mips (without
+serious optimisation).</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-erification-prashanth-mundkur:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>RISC-V(erification): Prashanth Mundkur</h2><ul><li>Current architectures e.g. those from Intel and ARM have large errata sheets
+published semi-regularly. Can we do better for RISC-V?</li><li>Need an unambiguous formal ISA specification which should be coupled to a
+processor implementation amenable to the two, with a formal link between the
+two.</li><li>Currently specifying RISC-V in the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~acjf3/l3/>L3
+DSL</a>. The interpreter is used as a
+reference oracle for processor implementations.</li><li>The current state of the spec is <a href=https://github.com/pmundkur/l3riscv>available on
+Github</a>.</li><li>The work has already helped to highlight some areas where clarification is
+needed in the written specification</li><li>Next steps would involve support for the compressed instruction set and
+floating point, booting Linux, and using for tandem-verification (e.g. with
+Flue from Bluespec).</li><li>Hope to export usable HOL4 formal definitions, and use that to prove
+information properties (e.g. non-interference and information flow in
+low-level privileged code).</li><li>The talk is now moving to the second half, where Prashanth is presenting
+Nirav Dave&rsquo;s work</li><li>This work is looking at rapidly verifying architectural and
+micro-architectural variants of RISC-V. Rely on translating between
+microarchitectural-states and ISA-level states.</li></ul><h2 id=towards-general-purpose-tagged-memory-wei-song:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Towards General-Purpose Tagged Memory: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Wei Song is presenting his <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>work on tagged memory support in
+lowRISC</a>.
+I&rsquo;ll post the slides shortly.</li></ul><h2 id=raven3-a-28nm-risc-v-vector-processor-with-on-chip-dc-dc-convertors-brian-zimmer:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Raven3, a 28nm RISC-V Vector Processor with On-Chip DC/DC Convertors: Brian Zimmer</h2><ul><li>Support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling on-chip with no off-chip
+components.</li><li>Want to switch all converters simultaneously to avoid charge sharing. The
+clock frequency adapts to track the voltage ripple.</li><li>Raven has a RISC-V scalar core, vector accelerator. 16KB scalar instruction
+cache, 32KB shared data cache, and 8KB instruction cache. This has a 1.19mm^2
+area.</li><li>The converter area is 0.19mm^2</li><li>The chip was wire-bonded on to a daughter-board, which was then connected to
+a larger motherboard connected to a Zedboard</li><li>Converter transitions are less than 20ns, which allows extremely
+fine-grained DVFS.</li><li>Raven3 showed 80% efficiency across a wide voltage range and achieved
+26GFLOPS/W using the on-chip conversion.</li></ul><h2 id=evaluating-risc-v-cores-for-pulp-an-open-parallel-ultra-low-power-platform-sven-stucki:cdd6160b2311cc7dcd33cc7279bc9354>Evaluating RISC-V Cores for PULP. An Open Parallel Ultra-Low-Power Platform : Sven Stucki</h2><ul><li>Approximately 40 people working on PULP in some way</li><li>Ultimate (ambitious) goal is one 1GOPS/mW (or 1pJ/op). Also hope to achieve
+energy proportionality.</li><li>Plan is to be open source on GitHub</li><li>PULP has been silicon-proven in 28nm, 65nm, 130nm and 180nm. The team have
+tape-outs planned through to 2016.</li><li>Sven has replaced the OpenRISC frontend with a RISC-V decoder, hoping to
+take advantage of the more active community and compressed instruction set
+support.</li><li>PULP is a simple 4-stage design supporting RV32IC as well as the mul
+instruction from the M extension.</li><li>Synthesising for UMC65, they see 22kilo-gate equivalent per core</li><li>The OR10N core was a new OpenRISC implementation with support for hardware
+loops, pre/postincrement memory access and vector instructions.</li><li>Heading for a GlobalFoundries 28nm tapeout in Q4 2015</li><li>See more on PULP <a href=http://iis-projects.ee.ethz.ch/index.php/PULP>at the
+website</a>.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at ORConf 2015 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>August 16, 2015</time></address><p>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf
+2015</a>. The event is kindly being hosted by CERN at
+the <a href=http://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/ideasquare/about>IdeaSquare</a>.
+Last year&rsquo;s ORConf was home to the first public talk on lowRISC and we&rsquo;re
+delighted this year it will also be hosting a
+series of lowRISC and RISC-V discussions, serving as a European lowRISC and
+RISC-V workshop. ORConf has in recent years grown to cover a range of open
+source hardware topics beyond the original OpenRISC focus. Expect
+presentations and discussion on free and open source IP projects,
+implementations on FPGA and in silicon, verification, EDA tools, licensing and
+embedded software, to name a few.</p><p>The event will run from 13:00 until 18:30 on Friday, 09:30 until 19:30 on
+Saturday, and from 09:30 until 15:30 on Sunday. Friday will consist primarily
+of breakout sessions, planning, and discussion regarding lowRISC. If you are
+already contributing or your are thinking of getting involved and want to
+learn more, you are very welcome to join us. If you would like to present,
+do submit a proposal either via the link at the <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf
+website</a> or to me at asb@lowrisc.org. We hope to
+see many of you there - please <a href=http://goo.gl/forms/KRZux8vnyO>register
+here</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/index.html b/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/index.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Untethered lowRISC release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Untethered lowRISC release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 18, 2015</time></address><p>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or
+&lsquo;untethered&rsquo; SoC. Cores in the original <a href=https://github.com/ucb-bar/rocket-chip>Rocket
+chip</a> rely on communicating with a
+companion processor via the host-target interface (HTIF) to access peripherals
+and I/O. This release removes this requirement, adding an I/O bus and
+instantiating FPGA peripherals. The accompanying <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/>tutorial</a>, written by Wei Song, describes how to
+build this code release and explains the underlying structural changes. We
+support both the <a href=http://www.xilinx.com/products/boards-and-kits/ek-k7-kc705-g.html>Xilinx
+KC705</a> and
+the lower-priced <a href=http://store.digilentinc.com/nexys-4-ddr-artix-7-fpga-trainer-board-recommended-for-ece-curriculum/>Nexys4
+DDR</a>
+development boards. We would gladly welcome assistance in supporting other
+boards.</p><p>Please note that the codebase temporarily lacks support for tagged memory
+included in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/>previous release</a>. We plan to re-integrate tagged memory support
+with additional optimisations early next year. You can find a detailed list of
+changes in the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/release/>release notes</a>.
+One highlight is support for <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/untether-v0.2/vsim/>RTL simulation using the open-source Verilator
+tool</a>.</p><p>This development milestone should make it easier for others to contribute. If
+you&rsquo;re looking to get stuck in, you might want to consider looking at tasks
+such as:</p><ul><li>Cleaning up the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-linux>RISC-V Linux port</a>,
+improving devicetree support and removing the host-target interface.</li><li>Replacing use of proprietary peripheral IP with open-source IP cores.</li><li>Adding support for different FPGA development boards, including Altera
+boards.</li><li>Implementing the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-852.pdf>BERI Programmable Interrupt
+Controller</a> (p73), and
+adding necessary Linux support.</li></ul><p>Our next development priorities are the re-integration of tagged memory
+support and an initial integration of a minion core design. We also expect to
+put out a job advert in the next few weeks for a new member of the lowRISC
+development team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.
+Interested applicants are encouraged to make informal enquiries about the post
+to Rob Mullins <a href=mailto:Robert.Mullins@cl.cam.ac.uk>Robert.Mullins@cl.cam.ac.uk</a>.</p><p>We hope to see many of you at the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>3rd RISC-V
+Workshop</a> in January, where Wei Song
+and Alex Bradbury will be presenting about lowRISC.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 5, 2016</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>third RISC-V workshop</a> is going
+on today and tomorrow at the Oracle Conference Center, California. I&rsquo;ll be
+keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
+<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two>here</a> for
+notes from the second day.</p><h2 id=introductions-and-risc-v-foundation-overview-rick-o-connor:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Save the date, the 4th RISC-V workshop will be July 12th-13th at the MIT
+CSAIL/Stata Center.</li><li>In August 2015, articles of incorporation were filed to create a non-profit
+RISC-V Foundation to govern the ISA.</li><li>RISC-V Foundation mission statement: The RISC-V Foundation is a non-profit
+consortium chartered to standardize, protect, and promote the free and open
+RISC-V instruction set architecture together with its hardware and software
+ecosystem for use in all computing devices.</li><li>The RISC-V ISA and related standards shall remain open and license-free to
+all parties.</li><li>The compatibility test suites shall always be publicly available as a source
+code download.</li><li>To protect the standard, only members (with commercial RISC-V products) of
+the Foundation in good standing can use &ldquo;RISC-V&rdquo; and associated trademarks,
+and only for devices that pass the tests in the open-source compatibility
+suites maintained by the Foundation.</li><li>Drafting a new license for the ISA &lsquo;combining the best of BSD, GPL and so
+on&rsquo;.</li><li>The Foundation will have a board of 7 directors elected by the members. All
+members of committees must be members of the RISC-V Foundation.</li><li>All details of the foundation are a work in progress. Feedback is welcome!</li><li>16 member companies so far. Bluespec, Draper, Google, Hewlett Packard Labs,
+Microsemi, Oracle, SiFive, antmicro, codasip, Gray Research, Lattice
+Semiconductor, lowRISC, ROA logic, Rumble Development, Syntacore, Technolution</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-updates-krste-asanovic:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>RISC-V Updates: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>The 1.9 version of the compressed extension is on track to become frozen and
+become blessed as v2.0. Now is the time to speak up if you have any feedback
+or concerns!</li><li>Privileged architecture 1.7 was released in May 2015 and has received a lot
+of feedback. Hope to release an updated draft addressing feedback in the next
+month or two. Doubt it will really settle down before the summer, as it needs
+more OS and driver development against it.</li><li>&lsquo;V&rsquo; Vector Extension: not yet ready to release a draft for this workshop,
+but the RTL of the HWacha vector coprocessor has been open-sourced along with
+3 tech-reports.</li><li>Hwacha is NOT the V extensions. It&rsquo;s a research project designed to push the
+limits of in-order decoupled data-parallel accelerators (e.g. GPUs). The
+microarchitecture does demonstrate some of the ideas that will appear in V.</li><li>Ongoing ISA research at UCB: virtual local store (VLS, Henry Cook&rsquo;s 2009
+master&rsquo;s thesis) and user-level DMA (copying data between DRAM and VLS
+directly).</li><li>New Berkeley open-source cores: BOOM out-of-order implementation and V-Scale
+(verilog implementation of Z-Scale).</li><li>RISC-V is being transitioned out of Berkeley. This involves upstreaming of
+tools and the RISC-V Foundation taking over the standards process.</li><li>SiFive has been founded by some of the lead RISC-V developers (Krste
+Asanovic, Yunsup Lee, Andrew Waterman). Sutter Hill Ventures have invested.</li><li>Most urgent outstanding issues: holes and ambiguities in the specification
+and the platform specification.</li><li>Holes in the spec: floating-point NaNs (resolved and updated), CSR
+read/write semantics (resolved, updated spec), memory model (far from
+resolved), Hypervisor support (no proposal). A formal spec of the whole ISA
+and memory model is desired.</li><li>Although RISC-V was designed in reusable layers, some concrete standards for
+hardware platforms are desirable e.g. memory maps, interrupt controller, power
+management. To what extent can platform specs be shared across
+microcontroller-class, application cores, and rack-scale designs?</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-external-debug-aka-jtag-debugging-tim-newsome:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>RISC-V External Debug (aka JTAG debugging): Tim Newsome</h2><ul><li>Goals: a debug system that works for everybody with a working system done by
+July 1st 2016.</li><li>The specification will be submitted to the RISC-V Foundation and there are
+plans for an open source release of the debugger and implementations for
+Rocket and Z-Scale.</li><li>Status: the specification is mostly complete.</li><li>Features: (many, see the slides). Interested in tracing core execution to on
+or off-chip RAM and providing a framework to debug any component on the
+system, not just the RISC-V cores.</li><li>The debug transport module provides access to the system bus. It implements
+a message queue and optional authentication.</li><li>New CSRs will be added and exposed on the system bus.</li><li>The spec describes a small amount of debug memory (1KiB ROM) and 8-16 bytes
+of RAM. This memory is not cached and is shared between all cores.</li><li>Up to 4095 hardware breakpoints supported (but 4 is more typical). Each may
+support exact address match, address range match, exact data match, data range
+match, &hellip;</li><li>The work-in-progress spec will be posted to the hw-dev RISC-V mailing list
+later today. Comments very welcome.</li><li>Question: how does this map to gdb&rsquo;s capabilities? Are there things it can
+do but gdb can&rsquo;t or vice-versa? It&rsquo;s not a 1:1 match but should be a superset
+of what gdb can do.</li><li>Question: how does the tracing scale? Hasn&rsquo;t be investigated yet.</li><li>Question: will support be integrated into the BOOM codebase? Answer: not
+currently planned.</li><li>Question: there&rsquo;s a wide spectrum of functionality that different
+implementations could implement. Is there a discovery mechanism for the
+functionality that is supported? Yes.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-in-axiom-michael-gielda:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>RISC-V in Axiom: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Axiom is a fully open source 4K film camera design. It is an EU Horizon 2020
+project with multiple partners.</li><li>Aim of Axiom is to create an extensible open source platform that is also a
+desirable project in itself. The aim is to open up what is currently a fairly
+closed industry and lower barriers of entry to new players. There is an
+obvious parallel to the RISC-V and lowRISC projects.</li><li>Chose the largest Zynq FPGA that had zero-cost tool support to maximise the
+number of people who can hack on the design.</li><li>Using the Z-Scale as a soft-core for communication between the FPGA
+pre-processing board (Kintex-7) and the FPGA SoC main board with a dual-core
+Cortex-A9 (Zynq 7030).</li><li>Long-term goals are to ensure the design can be reused through
+parameterisation, and look at broadening adoption of the Chisel design
+methodology.</li><li>The Axiom Gamma project is almost half-way done. There will be an EU
+technical review in March at which point it should be working.</li></ul><h2 id=emulating-future-hpc-soc-architectures-using-risc-v-farzad-fatollahi-fard:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>Emulating future HPC SoC architectures using RISC-V: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2><ul><li>Should HPC take inspiration from the embedded market?</li><li>Is building an SoC for HPC a good idea? HPC is power limited
+(performance/Watt) which arguably means HPC and embedded requirements are
+aligned.</li><li>From a previous project case study (Green Wave), they found an embedded SoC
+design was performance/power competitive with Fermi. This had a 12x12 2D
+on-chip torus network with 676 compute cores, 33 supervisor cores, 1 PCI
+express interface, 8 Hybrid Memory Cube interfaces, &hellip;</li><li>Proposed an FPGA-implemented SoC for HPC. This contains 4 Z-scale processors
+with a 2x2 concentrated mesh with 2 virtual channels. The Z-Scale was chosen
+for area-efficiency on FPGA.</li><li>The network is implemented using the <a href=https://github.com/LBL-CoDEx/OpenSoCFabric>OpenSoC
+fabric</a> (open source and in
+chisel). AHB endpoints have now beed added and AXI is in-development.</li><li>A 96-core system was constructed using multiple FPGAs.</li><li>For more info, see <a href=http://www.codexhpc.org/>CoDEx HPC</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=grvi-phalanx-a-massively-parallel-risc-v-fpga-accelerator-jan-gray:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>GRVI Phalanx. A massively parallel RISC-V FPGA accelerator: Jan Gray</h2><ul><li>GRVI is pronounced &lsquo;groovy&rsquo;.</li><li>There&rsquo;s lots of interest in FPGA accelerators right now (Altera acquisition,
+MSR&rsquo;s catapult).</li><li>FPGAs are an interesting platform. Massively parallel. Specialized.
+Connected. High throughput. Low latency. The big barrier is of course porting
+your software. Jan argues OpenCL for FPGAs is a major breakthrough for this
+problem, if you&rsquo;re lucky enough to have an application that can be expressed
+in OpenCL.</li><li>Phalanx is an accelerator accelerator - an infrastructure making it easier
+to run you application on an FPGA and connect everything together. It is
+composed of processor+accelerator clusters+NoC.</li><li>Jan&rsquo;s Razor: &ldquo;In a CMP, cut inessential resources from each CPU, to maximize
+CPUs per die.&rdquo;</li><li>Jan has achieved an RV32I datapath in about 250 LUTs. This core can achieve
+300-375MHz, 1.3-1.6CPI. The &lsquo;GRVI&rsquo; core is ~320 6-LUTs so &ldquo;1 MIPS/LUT&rdquo;.</li><li>How many can you fit on a modern FPGA? The limiting resource is really the
+block RAMs. In a cluster, two processing elements can share an instruction
+BRAM, and all PEs can share a cluster memory.</li><li>How should the clusters be interconnected? A 5-port virtual channel router
+might be a sensible choice in an ASIC, but does not map well to an FPGA.
+Instead use a <a href=http://fpga.org/2015/09/03/introducing-hoplite/>Hoplite</a> 2D
+router. This is only 1% of the area x delay product of FPGA-optimized VC
+routers. Each cluster has a 300 bit connection to the Hoplite router (with a
+256bit payload).</li><li>400 of the GRVI Phalanx PEs can fit on a Xilinx KU040. The amortized cost of
+the router per processor is only 40 LUTs.</li><li>Can fit 32 GRVI Phalanx PEs on an Artix-7-35T.</li><li>Want to support different accelerated parallel programming models: SPMD,
+MIMD, MP. All potentially accelerated by custom GRVI And cluster function
+units, custom memory or interconnects, custom accelerators on the NOC.</li><li>Next steps: debug/trace over NoC, Hoplite/AXI4 bridges, OpenCL stack,
+potential bridge to Chisel RISC-V infrastructure?</li><li>Question: how do I get this? Not available yet, and not yet sure on the
+licensing model.</li></ul><h2 id=coreboot-on-risc-v-ron-minnich:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>Coreboot on RISC-V: Ron Minnich</h2><ul><li>Initializing the stuff outside the main CPU on a chromebook takes about 1
+billion instructions before it can start Linux.</li><li>Firmware, 1990-2005 &ldquo;fire and forget&rdquo;. Set al lthe stff kernels can&rsquo;t do
+(e.g. LinuxBIOS), then get out of the way. But now there&rsquo;s a push for the
+firmware to hang around after boot.</li><li>Ron argues this sucks. It&rsquo;s slow, there&rsquo;s no easy bugfix path, and it&rsquo;s not
+SMP capable on x86.</li><li>Why doesn&rsquo;t Ron like persistent firmware? It&rsquo;s another attack vector,
+indistinguishable from a persistent embedded threat. Ron&rsquo;s preference is the
+platform management code run as a kernel thread. Minion cores are ideal for
+this (Ron&rsquo;s words rather than mine - I of course agree whole-heartedly).</li><li>coreboot is a GPLv2 BIOS replacement (not a bootloader). It has multiple
+possible payloads including SeaBIOS and depthcharge (used for verified boot on
+Chromebooks).</li><li>Port was started in October 2014 as a side project. The effort resumed in
+July 2015 with the privileged spec, and as-of September is up and running
+again. The most recent port runs on Spike but not QEMU (due to lack of support
+for the privileged spec).</li><li>RISC-V is a first class citizen in coreboot, all commits must pass tests for
+the RISC-V buildbot.</li><li>src/arch/riscv is 2685 LoC.</li><li>The Federal Office for Information Security in Germany runs a hardware test
+station for coreboot. As soon as real hardware is running, they&rsquo;ve offered to
+integrate it into their system.</li><li>Lessons learned<ul><li>provide a boot time SRAM (make sure the address is fixed and not aliased
+by DRAM once DRAM is up).</li><li>Provide a serial port.</li><li>Ron reiterates that runtime functions belong in the kernel, not persistent
+firmware.</li><li>Firmware tables always need translation by kernel, so make them text not
+binary.</li><li>Keep the mask ROM as simple as possible.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t cheap out on SPI or flash part size. Just plan a 64MiB part.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t reset the chipset on IE device not present.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-and-uefi-dong-wei-and-abner-chang:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>RISC-V and UEFI: Dong Wei and Abner Chang</h2><ul><li>There is a UEFI Forum consistent of a board of 12 directors, 12 promoters,
+42 contributors, 213 adopters.</li><li>UEFI and ACPI are both now handled by the UEFI Forum.</li><li>A RISC-V UEFI port is taking place using EDKII (EFI Development Kit II) and
+OVMF (Open Virtual Machine Firmware).</li><li>The speakers are giving a very thorough description of the UEFI boot
+mechanism which I&rsquo;m not able to do justice. You&rsquo;re best waiting for the
+slides+video I&rsquo;m afraid.</li><li>The project was started a few months ago, and can now boot to a UEFI shell.</li><li>They have created a new RISC-V QEMU target with some PC peripherals (CMOS,
+PM, PCI and other devices), and also implemented RISC-V machine mode.</li><li>Requests for new RISC-V spec additions: a periodic timer CSR, RTC with alarm
+CSR, PI management mode support, &hellip; (sorry, missed some).</li></ul><h2 id=freebsd-and-risc-v-ruslan-bukin:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>FreeBSD and RISC-V: Ruslan Bukin</h2><ul><li>FreeBSD will support RV64I in release 11.0.</li><li>Why use FreeBSD? Among other reasons, it gives a full-stack BSD license
+(RISC-V, FreeBSD, LLVM/Clang).</li><li>FreeBSD has been brought up on Spike.</li><li>The early boot assembly code will put the hardware in a known state, build a
+ring buffer for interrupts, initialise the page tables, enable the MMU, then
+finally branch to a virtual address and call into C code.</li><li>Userspace porting required modifications to jemalloc, csu (crt1.S, crtn.S,
+crti.S), libc, msun (libm), rtld-elf (the runtime linker).</li><li>The FreeBSD port is based on the ARMv8 port. It has a 25k line diff and took
+6 months from scratch.</li><li>Userland started working in December. Support will now be committed to
+FreeBSD SVN.</li><li>Next plans include multicore, FPU, increasing the virtual address space,
+DTrace, performance monitoring counters, QEMU, &hellip;</li><li>Proposed changes: split sptbr to sptrbr0 and sptbr1 for the user VA and the
+kernel VA. This means there is no need to change SPTBR when changing the
+privilege level, and should reduce code size.</li><li>For more on the project, see the relevant <a href=https://wiki.freebsd.org/riscv>FreeBSD wiki
+page</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:9f1b029b6da9e8453d4e036e2357dcfc>Building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>&ldquo;2016 is the year of RISC-V&rdquo;. Or at least, the year of RISC-V software. We
+have a great opportunity to push the software stack forwards.</li><li>What can we achieve by the end of the year? Hopefully upstereamed GNU
+toolchain and QEMU. More mature Clang/LLVM support, upstreamed OS support,
+Debian/RISC-V port, start thinking about Android and a real-time OS.</li><li>How do we get there? We need to recruit more RISC-V developers and make it
+easier for people to get started by producing more docs and specifications.</li><li>Right now, the RISC-V Github has had 48 contributors from a wide range of
+Universities, companies and OSS projects.</li><li>We should present talks and tutorials at developer conferences and local
+user group meetings.</li><li>If you have local patches, upstream them!</li><li>How to attract developers? Could fund developers/projects via the
+Foundation, apply to be a Google Summer of Code mentoring organization, update
+the list of open bugs and future requests on github and track contribution
+statistics.</li><li>We can make it much easier for people to get started by building Debian
+packages, upstreaming, and providing regular binary snapshots.</li><li>Spike is great for prototyping hardware features, but QEMU is a better tool
+for software development and a critical part of the RISC-V software story.</li><li>There&rsquo;s more to specify. e.g. a platform specification (e.g. ARMv8 Server
+Base System Architecture), boot architecture (look at the ARMv8 Server Base
+Boot Requirements), RISC-V ABI, hypervisor, security.</li><li>Useful documents include a RISC-V Assembly Guide, some equivalent of the ARM
+Cortex-A Programmer&rsquo;s Guide, and a New Contributor&rsquo;s Guide.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 6, 2016</time></address><p>Today is the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2015/12/prelim-agenda-3rd-risc-v-workshop/>third RISC-V
+workshop</a>. Again, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a
+semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See
+<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one>here</a> for
+notes from the first day.</p><h2 id=risc-v-asic-and-fpga-implementations-richard-herveille:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille</h2><ul><li>Look for freedom of design. Want to free migrate between FPGAs, structured
+ASICs, standard cell ASICs</li><li>Want to make it easier to migrate FPGAs to ASICs for advantages in price,
+performance, power, IP protection.</li><li>Roa Logic&rsquo;s RV32I/64 implementations are called RV11 and RV22. RV11 is
+in-order, single-issue, single thread. RV22 is in-order, dual-issue and dual
+thread.</li><li>Implement a &lsquo;folded&rsquo; optimizing 5-stage pipeline, where some classic RISC
+stages are folded together for performance improvement. e.g. the instruction
+decode stage decides if the instruction sequence can be optimized.</li><li>Ported a debug unit for or1k from OpenCores</li><li>Mostly target the eASIC nextreme platform. Start with an existing FPGA
+design, then transfer.</li><li>Achieved Fmax of 649MHz (32-bit core) on a nextreme-3, vs 114MHz on the customer&rsquo;s
+current CYCLONE-V. Achieved a 70% power reduction.</li><li>Next steps are to improve resource utilization, increase offering of
+extensions, and add multi-threading and multi-issue.</li></ul><h2 id=lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016-alex-bradbury:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>lowRISC: plans for RISC-V in 2016: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>Find my slides
+<a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/lowrisc-plans-for-risc-v-in-2016>here</a>.
+Apologies for not live-blogging my own talk.</li></ul><h2 id=a-32-bit-100mhz-risc-v-microcontroller-with-10-bit-sar-adc-in-130nm-gp-elkim-roa:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>A 32-bit 100MHz RISC-V microcontroller with 10-bit SAR ADC in 130nm GP: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>Current goal: a low-footprint RISC-V microcontroller like EFM32 or SAMD11
+with USB low-speed PHY on-chip.</li><li>Looked at picorv32 and vscale, but ultimately implemented their own
+implementation. Also adding in a 10-bit SAR ADC, DAC, PLL, GPIO.</li><li>Implement RV32IM using a 3-stage pipeline. IRQ handling is adapted from the
+picorv32 timer.</li><li>Provides AXI-4 lite and an APB bridge.</li><li>SAR ADC intends to be fully synthesizable, 10-bit 10MHz.</li><li>The chip was taped out in October 2015 on 130nm TSMC GP. The core+interfaces
+area was 800um x 480um.</li><li>Undertook a large effort on verification, implemented verification
+testbenches for AXI-4 and APB peripheral functionality. Would like to partner
+to get access to proven VIP.</li><li>Future work to be done on a USB PHY low-speed interface, DMA channels,
+watchdog timer, eNVM 1-poly ROM</li><li>Question: where and when can I download it? Soon! Still cleaning it up.</li></ul><h2 id=soc-for-satelline-navigation-unit-based-on-the-risc-v-single-core-rocket-chip-sergei-khabarov:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>SoC for satelline navigation unit based on the RISC-V single-core Rocket chip: Sergei Khabarov</h2><ul><li>Currently have an RF-mezzanine card for FPGA prototypes, and
+silicon-verified GNSS IP and ASIC development board with a LEON3 CPU inside.</li><li>On the software, have universal receive firmware and plug-and-play support
+for different targets. Plus a host application for data analysis. See
+gnss-snsor.com.</li><li>Now transitioning from the previous 180nm ASIC to a new 90nm chip with a
+RISC-V core. The target frequency is 300MHz.</li><li>The new SoC design aims to take the best ideas of the GPL-licensed grlib
+library (Gaisler Research) and will be written in VHDL.</li><li>Current code can be found <a href=https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl>here</a>.</li><li>Plug and play approach taken from grlib to help quickly assemble a complex
+SoC design. Device ID, vendor ID, address and interrupt configuration,
+cacheability etc etc routed in sideband signals accessible via a dedicated
+slave device on a system bus.</li><li>Some memory access optimizations have been implemented to allow access to
+AXI peripherals in one clock cycle.</li><li>Implemented (or implementing?) the multi-core debug protocol, potentially
+supported by Trace32 (Lauterbach).</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-photonic-processor-chen-sun:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>RISC-V photonic processor: Chen Sun</h2><ul><li>Process scaling has helped massively for data transfer within a chip, but
+we&rsquo;ve had little improvement for moving data off-chip.</li><li>The I/O wall involves being both power and pin limited. Silicon photonics
+may help overcome this.</li><li>Started by tring to provide DRAM connected by photonics (as part of the
+DARPA POEM project).</li><li>What about the foundry? Do it without a foundry. How to connect electronics
+and photonics? Put them on the same chip. Where are you going to get a
+processor? RISC-V!</li><li>They produced it and it was published in Nature last month. Dual-core
+1.65GHz RISC-V. Manufactured in a commercial SOI process.</li><li>Build a waveguide with planar silicon processing. Silicon is the high-index
+core. Oxides form the low-index cladding.</li><li>Transmitter is driven by a CMOS logic inverter. 5Gb/s data rate at 30fj/b.</li><li>Issue with ring resonators is massive variation based on process and
+temperature variation. Need to stabilise this some-how. Add thermal tuning.</li><li>To demonstrate the optical memory system, had a second chip emulating a DRAM
+controller.</li><li>We proposed an architecture, built it, and got performance competitive to
+our predictions!</li></ul><h2 id=untethering-the-risc-v-rocket-chip-wei-song:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>Untethering the RISC-V Rocket Chip: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Rocket is an open-source SoC generator from Berkeley. The base Rocket core
+is a <sup>5</sup>&frasl;<sub>6</sub> stage single-issue in-order processor.</li><li>Previously an host-target interface was connected to the L2 bus which
+communicates with an ARM core on the Zynq to provide peripherals.</li><li>The untethered Rocket chip adds a separate I/O bus. Currently uses Xilinx IP
+for peripherals. First stage bootloader is on FPGA block RAM, second stage
+bootloader is loaded from SD. I/O read and write are totally uncached.</li><li>The top-level (including I/O devices) is all in System Verilog. There is a
+separate &lsquo;Chisel island&rsquo; containing the Rocket interface.</li><li>The I/O and memory maps can be configured by CSRs.</li><li>The first-stage bootloader copies the second stage to DRAM, performing an
+uncached copy. It then remaps the DRAM to memory address 0, resets Rocket and
+starts the second stage. The second stage uses a version of the Berkeley
+bootloader. It starts multi-core, VM support, then loads and boots RISC-V
+Linux in a virtual address space.</li><li>Currently the second stage bootloader stays resident to handle HTIF
+requests.</li><li>Our code release contains a very detailed tutorial. Key features include
+support for the Nexys4 as well as the more expensive KC705. You can also use
+Verilator for simulation and a free WebPACK Vivado license.</li><li>The code release includes a rewritten TileLink/NASTI interface, DDR2/3
+controller, SD, UART.</li><li>Future work: re-integrate tagged memory, remove HTIF from Linux kernel (help
+wanted), interrupt controller, trace debugger (Stefan Wallentowitz),
+run-control debug (SiFive), platform spec.</li></ul><h2 id=mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>MIT&rsquo;s RISCY expedition: Andy Wright</h2><ul><li>MIT implemented an IMAFD 64-bit RISC-V processor in Bluespec System Verilog.
+It supports machine, supervisor, and user modes, boots Linux, and has been
+tandem-verified with Spike.</li><li>Want to work on formal specification of the ISA, formally verified processor
+implementations, memory consistency models, accelerators, microarchitecture
+exploration, VLSI implementations using a standard ASIC flow.</li><li>Philosophy: get a working processor first, figure out why it&rsquo;s slow, and
+make it faster without breaking it.</li><li>Moving to work on formal verification, which requests a formal specification
+for RISC-V. Lots of questions to be answered, e.g. whether referenced bits in
+page table entries should be set for speculatively accessed pages.</li><li>A single instruction can result in up to 13 effective memory accesses - how
+do these interact with each other, and how do they influence the memory model?</li><li>Want simple operational definitions where legal behaviours can be observable
+on a simple abstract machine consisting of cores and a shared monolithic
+memory.</li><li>Looked at defining WMM, a new easy-to-specify weak consistency model.</li><li>Propose there should be a new instruction similar to sfence.vm, but going in
+the opposite direction.</li><li>See also <a href=http://csg.csail.mit.edu/riscy-e/>their website</a>.</li><li>Question: will it be open source? Concerned currently because some aspects
+of the design are used as challenges for student projects and releasing it
+could compromise the projects.</li></ul><h2 id=pydgin-for-risc-v-a-fast-and-productive-instruction-set-simulator-berkin-ilbeyi:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>Pydgin for RISC-V, a fast and productive instruction-set simulator: Berkin Ilbeyi</h2><ul><li>Simple interpreted instruction set simulators get 1-10MIPS of performance.
+Typical dynamic binary translation may achieve 100s of MIPS, with QEMU
+achieving up to 1000 MIPS.</li><li>Another aspect worthy of consideration is productivity when working with the
+simulator, for instance when looking to extend it to explore new hardware
+features. Can you achieve high developer productivity and runtime performance?</li><li>Observe there are similar productivity-performance challenges for building
+high performance language runtimes as for simulators. e.g. the PyPy project.</li><li>Pydgin uses PyPy&rsquo;s RPython framework.</li><li>Pydgin describes its own architectural description language (really a Python
+DSL).</li><li>Pydgin running on a standard Python interpreter gives ~100KIPS. But when
+going through RPython this gives 10MIPS. When targeting the RPython JIT,
+adding extra RPython JIT hints are added achieved up to a 23x performance
+improvement over no annotations.</li><li>Performs 2-3x better than Spike for many workloads. Spike caches decoded
+instructions and uses PC-indexed dispatch to improve performance.</li><li>Achieved a 100MIPS+ RISC-V port after 9 days of development.</li><li>Pydgin is used in the Cornell research group to gain statistics for
+software-defined regions, experimentations with data-structure specialisation,
+control and memory divergence for SIMD, and more.</li><li>Pydgin is <a href=https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin>online at Github</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=orca-fpga-optimized-risc-v-soft-processors-guy-lemieux:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>ORCA, FPGA-optimized RISC-V soft processors: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>ORCA is completely open-source. See it <a href=https://github.com/cornell-brg/pydgin>at
+Github</a>.</li><li>Initially targeted the Lattice iCE40 (3.5kLUTs, under $5 in low quantities).</li><li>RV32M implemented in 2kLUTs at around 20MHz on the iCE40.</li><li>ORCA is highly parameterized, ideally suitable for FPGAs, portable across
+FPGA vendors, and BSD-licensed.</li><li>Achieved 244MHz, 212MIPS on an Altera Stratix-V. Lots of room for further
+improvements.</li><li>Clock speed is close to matching the picorv32 clock speed, but with higher
+DMIPS/MHz.</li><li>Found 64-bit vs 32-bit counters added a lot of area.</li><li>A good FPGA implementation often leads to a good ASIC implementation, but a
+good ASIC implementation often leads to a poor FPGA implementation.</li><li>Use dual-ported block RAMS on the FPGA for the register file.</li><li>Observe that reduced register count in RV32E makes no difference for FPGAs.
+Divide is very expensive.</li><li>Beware when writing software, a shift could be as slow as 1b/cycle.</li><li>The privileged architecture spec contains too many CSRs and the 64bit
+counters are too big, putting pressure on multiplexers. For FPGAs, perhaps
+defined small/med/full versions.</li></ul><h2 id=pulpino-a-small-single-core-risc-v-soc-andreas-traber:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>PULPino, a small single-core RISC-V SoC: Andreas Traber</h2><ul><li>PULP and PULPino developed at ETH Zurich and University of Bologna with many
+partners.</li><li>Develop an ultra low power processor for computing IoT. Explot parallelism
+using multiple small simple cores organised in clusters.</li><li>Share memory within the cluster.</li><li>Support near-threshold operation for very low power.</li><li>PULP has been taped out over a dozen times across multiple process
+technologies, down to 28nm.</li><li>PULP has a large number of IPs. To start with, open source PULPino as a
+starting point.</li><li>PULPino is a microcontroller-style platform. No caches, no memory hierarchy,
+no DMA. It re-uses IP from the PULP project and will be taped out in 65nm UMC.</li><li>The boot ROM loads a program from SPI flash.</li><li>Motivated to switch to RISC-V due to more modern design (no set flags, no
+delay slot), compressed instructions, easily extensible.</li><li>Looking to extend RISC-V with non-standard extensions for hardware loops,
+post-increment load+store, multiply-accumulate, ALU extensions (min, max
+absolute value).</li><li>RI5CY core has full support for RV32I, implements just the mul from RV32M.
+It has a 4 stage pipeline.</li><li>Performed a comparison based on published Cortex M4 numbers. RI5CY is a
+little faster and a little smaller.</li><li>The RI5CY core itself is just 7% of the area of a PULPino SoC (assuming
+32KiB instruction and data RAM).</li><li>Open source release will follow shortly, including a FreeRTOS port. Using
+the Solderpad license. Just awaiting final approval from the University
+(expected by the end of the month).</li><li>Want to port PULPino to IP-XACT. Also want to add floating point support,
+branch prediction, and evaluate further non-standard ISA extensions.</li></ul><h2 id=the-berkeley-out-of-order-machine-boom-christopher-celio:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>The Berkeley Out-of-Order Machine (BOOM): Christopher Celio</h2><ul><li>An out-of-order core. It&rsquo;s synthesizable, parameterizable, and open-source.</li><li>Out-of-order is great for tolerating variable latencies, finding
+instruction-level parallelism, and working with poor compilers or lazily
+written code.</li><li>Downsides are it&rsquo;s more complex and potentially expensive in area and power.</li><li>Should work as an interesting baseline for micro-architecture research. Also
+enables research that need and out of order core (e.g. on memory systems,
+accelerators, VLSI methodologies).</li><li>BOOM implements IMAFD and the RV64G+ privileged spec.</li><li>The RISC-V ISA is easy to implement. Relaxed memory model, accrued FP
+exception flags, no integer side-effects (e.g. condition codes), no cmov or
+predication, no implicit register specifiers, rs1+rs2+rs3+rd are always in the
+same space allowing decode and rename to proceed in parallel.</li><li>As Rocket-chip gets better, so does BOOM.</li><li>The host-target interface is being removed from rocket-chip to provide an
+untethered system.</li><li>BOOM has a unified physical register file (floating point and integer).</li><li>Masses of parameters can be tweaked.</li><li>2-wide BOOM with 16KiB L1 caches 1.2mm2 in TSMC 45nm. Can clock at 1.5GHz
+for two-wide.</li><li>Currently designed for single-cycle SRAM access as the critical path.</li><li>Planning on a tapeout later this year.</li><li>Achieve 50MHz on an FPGA where the bottleneck is the FPGA tools can&rsquo;t
+register-rename the FPU.</li><li>BOOM is 9kloc, plus 11kloc from Rocket.</li><li>9% CoreMarks/MHz for ARM Cortex-A9 with similar architectural parameters and
+smaller (but lacking the NEON unit). Power is also similar based on public
+numbers.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t yet have a SPEC score. Need more DRAM on the FPGA and DRAM emulation.
+With a cluster of FPGAs, this should only take about a day to run.</li><li>BOOM-chip is currently a branch of rocket-chip. See the slides for how to
+get going.</li><li>Currently test/verify using riscv-tests, coremark, spec, and the
+riscv-torture tool.</li><li>riscv-torture, a randomised test generator was open-sourced yesterday. If it
+finds a bug, it will minimise the program for you.</li><li>A design document is a work in progress up on github.com/ccelio (doesn&rsquo;t
+seem to be published yet?)</li><li>Want to grow a community of &ldquo;baby BOOMers&rdquo; :)</li></ul><h2 id=bluespec-s-risc-v-factory-rishiyur-nikhil:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>Bluespec&rsquo;s &ldquo;RISC-V Factory&rdquo;: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>Bluespec&rsquo;s &lsquo;RISC-V Factory&rsquo; is aimed at organisations who want to create
+their own RISC-V based CPUs or SoCs without the usual learning curve, startup
+costs, and ownership costs.</li><li>Currently working with Draper on the DOVER project we&rsquo;ll be hearing about in
+the next talk.</li><li>The Flute RISC-V CPU has interfaces for direct GDB control, an elastic
+(latency-insensitive) pipeline, hooks for optional tagged data.</li><li>Have components such as interconnect, memory controller, DMA engine,
+devices. Working on flash for booting and Ethernet.</li><li>Provide a complete development and verification environment.</li></ul><h2 id=dover-a-metadata-extended-risc-v-andre-dehon:748f0c7af2bd91d9757baed007eb2fff>DOVER, a metadata-extended RISC-V: Andre DeHon</h2><ul><li>Current computer systems are insecure, and the processor architecture
+contributes by blinding running code and making the secure and safe thing
+expensive.</li><li>Add software defined metadata processing as implemented in PUMP.</li><li>Give each word a programmable tag. This is indivisible from a word and its
+interpretation is programmable.</li><li>PUMP is a function from (Opcode, PCtag, Instrtag, RS1tag, RS2tag, MRtag) to
+(Allowed?, PCtag, Resulttag).</li><li>Possible policies include access control, types, fine-grained instruction
+permissions, memory safety, control flow integrity, taint tracking and
+information flow control.</li><li>Rules are installed by software on PUMP misses. This demands metadata
+structures be immutable.</li><li>A metadata tag can be a pointer, meaning it can point to a data structure of
+arbitrary size.</li><li>Can support composite policies. i.e. no limit of only one policy at once.</li><li>There are no instructions to read or write metadata, i.e. no set-tag or read
+tag. All tag manipulation is done through the PUMP.</li><li>In RISC-V use PUMP CSRs for rule inputs and outputs.</li><li>Compared to lowRISC: lowRISC has a limited number of tag bits, tags are
+accessible to user code. Good for self-protection safety but argue it&rsquo;s not
+adequate to enforce policies against malicious code (i.e. code actively trying
+to circumvent protection).</li><li>Compare to Oracle M7. M7 has a limited number of colors and a fixed policy.</li><li>Have some global tags and rules so they have the same meaning across
+different processes.</li><li>Idiosyncrasies about RISC-V: one instruction uses RS3, sparse opcode space
+increases table size, multiple instructions per machine word (policies want
+tagged instructions)</li><li>Draper plans to make available Bluespec RISC-V and metadata changes, PUMP,
+set of basic micropolicies, runtime support and tools all under open source
+licenses.</li><li>Building a consortium around Dover, an &ldquo;Inherently Secure Processing Hive&rdquo;.</li><li>Question: what is the overhead? Don&rsquo;t have figures yet for RISC-V. From
+previous work, have 10% area overhead and twice the area, 60% energy overhead.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html b/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>March 20, 2016</time></address><p>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring
+organisation in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of
+Code</a> for the second year running. As
+with last year, we&rsquo;re working with a number of friends from across the wider
+open source hardware community to act as an umbrella for a range of
+hardware-related projects. If you are a student who would like to be paid to
+work on open source during the summer, then take a look at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/>the lowRISC ideas
+list</a> and
+<a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>apply</a>.
+As was pointed out on the Google Open Source Program&rsquo;s blog, there is a <a href=http://google-opensource.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/something-different-code-up-hardware-in.html>good
+showing from hardware-related projects in GSoC this
+year</a>.
+The deadline for applications is this coming Friday, 25th March at 7pm GMT.</p><p>We welcome ideas of your own creation, but the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2016-ideas/>ideas we&rsquo;ve suggested this
+year</a> include:</p><ul><li>A trace debug analysis tool (ideally using TypeScript and Electron)</li><li>Improving device-tree support for the Linux RISC-V port</li><li>Various ideas related to the <a href=http://www.clifford.at/yosys/>Yosys</a>
+open-source synthesis tool.</li><li>Porting a teaching OS such as xv6 or XINU to the lowRISC platform</li><li>Porting CMSIS-DSP to PULPino</li><li>Doom on PULPino</li><li>Porting the Arduino libraries to PULPino</li><li>Integrating additional open-source IP for lowRISC on FPGA</li><li>Implementing a Trusted Execution Environment</li><li>Porting musl libc to RISC-V</li><li>A Generic hardware/software interface for software-defined radio</li><li>A SPIR-V frontend for Nyuzi</li><li>Porting an OS kernel to Nyuzi</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html b/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 28, 2016</time></address><p>Our friends and collaborators at the <a href=http://fossi-foundation.org/>Free and Open Source Silicon
+Foundation</a> have launched the <a href=http://librecores.org/designcontest>LibreCores design
+contest</a>. This is a student design
+contest which aims to recognise and reward contributions to the open source
+hardware ecosystem. The main evaluation criteria are:</p><ul><li>Openness. Your work must be published under an established Open Source
+license.</li><li>Reusability. How easily can your work be used and modified by someone else?
+Is it well documented? Do you plan to continue to work on your project and help
+others to get started?</li><li>Usefulness. Is your work filling a much-needed gap in the world of Open
+Source hardware design? Something that was not there before?</li></ul><p>See the <a href=http://librecores.org/designcontest>design contest site</a> for full
+details. The deadline for submission is August 31st, 2016. Entrants will have
+the opportunity to present their work at <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>ORConf</a>,
+with some travel funding available thanks to the sponsors.</p><p>This neatly leads me to the next activity I wanted to highlight in this post.
+Again, thanks to the hard work of our friends at FOSSi, registration is <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>now
+open for ORConf 2016</a>. To quote that page: &ldquo;ORCONF
+is an open source digital design and embedded systems conference, covering
+areas of electronics from the transistor level up to Linux user space and
+beyond. Expect presentations and discussion on free and open source IP
+projects, implementations on FPGA and in silicon, verification, EDA tools,
+licensing and embedded software&rdquo;.</p><p><a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/2015/>Last year&rsquo;s ORConf</a> was the biggest and most
+enthusiastic event focused on open source digital design I&rsquo;ve ever been to,
+and saw the birth of the FOSSi Foundation. Please do register to attend and
+submit talks. With the growing interest in open source hardware and open
+source digital logic design, I expect it will be even bigger and better than
+last year. ORConf 2016 will be held at the University of Bologna in Italy
+between October 7th and October 9th. <a href=http://openrisc.io/orconf/>Register
+now</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 3, 2016</time></address><p>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now
+<a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/timeline>underway</a> and we&rsquo;re
+delighted to be working with five students, covering a variety of interesting
+projects. They have all introduced themselves over the past few weeks on <a href=https://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>our
+project mailing
+list</a>.
+Many thanks to everyone who applied, to the mentors who volunteered, and to
+Google for sponsoring this programme. If your application was unsuccessful, I
+hope you&rsquo;ll try again next year.</p><p>The <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>projects for lowRISC in the 2016
+GSoC</a>
+are:</p><ul><li>Porting the Arduino library to RISC-V (PULPino). Mahmoud Elmohr, mentored by
+Andreas Traber</li><li>Implementing an open-source DDRx controller. Bittu N, mentored by Wei Song</li><li>Porting Musl libc to RISC-V. Masanori Ogino, mentored by Rich Felker. See
+Masanori&rsquo;s <a href=http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.hardware.lowrisc.devel/377>first status
+update</a></li><li>Porting the OP-TEE Trusted Execution Environment to the lowRISC
+platform.Rahul S Mahadev, mentored by Stefan Wallentowitz. See <a href=http://mahadevrahul.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/trusted-execution-environment-on-sel4.html>Rahul&rsquo;s blog
+post</a>
+on starting this project.</li><li>Porting the xv6 teaching operating system to the lowRISC platform. Jeff
+Rogers, mentored by Alex Bradbury</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/index.html b/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/index.html
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+++ b/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/index.html
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 7, 2016</time></address><p><em>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 7, 2016</time></address><p><em>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of
 Cambridge undergrads begin a 10 week
 internship working on the lowRISC project at the Computer Laboratory,
 kindly sponsored by <a href=http://www.imc.nl/>IMC Financial Markets</a> (who are also
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 current lowRISC SoC design to enable video output, with the final goal of
 playing video smoothly at a resolution of 640x480 on FPGA. The photo below
 shows the four of us (left to right: Gary Guo, Profir-Petru Pârțachi, Alistair Fisher,
-Nathanael Davison).</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_900x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team" title="2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>The final goal has been decomposed into several milestones: adding VGA
+Nathanael Davison).</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_900x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_interns_potatocam_hu8611ede73a0d62f7c7bd44ddfb81916d_102994_450x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team" title="2016 lowRISC/IMC internship team" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>The final goal has been decomposed into several milestones: adding VGA
 functionality to lowRISC, adding an in-memory framebuffer, implementing a
 video codec for RISC-V and designing and creating a 2D accelerator to speed
 up video decoding. Our plan for the augmented SoC architecture is
-shown the in the diagram below:</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_1300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png alt=Drawing title=Drawing class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>In our first week, we&rsquo;ve succeeded in adding VGA output to lowRISC, a
+shown the in the diagram below:</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_1300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/imc_lowrisc_vga_diagram_week1_hueb5ccec2b717b1a917f1b772fb1c2aa2_110393_650x0_resize_box_2.png alt=Drawing title=Drawing class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>In our first week, we&rsquo;ve succeeded in adding VGA output to lowRISC, a
 demonstration of this is shown in the video below. The demo shows lowRISC
 instantiated on a Nexys4 DDR board (Artix-7) displaying a static image
 that has been loaded into its BRAM. This image is read from SD card by a
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@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 27, 2016</time></address><p><em>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four
+University of Cambridge undergrads. Their work is kindly sponsored by <a href=http://www.imc.nl/>IMC
+Financial Markets</a> who are also helping to advise this
+summer project.</em></p><p>At the time of our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>last blog post</a>, we had just finished VGA and
+were working on implementing the frame buffer. Over the last 2 weeks, we have
+made significant progress, completing the frame buffer and starting video decode.</p><p>The frame buffer was developed iteratively. Initially, it was a small Block RAM
+attached to the SoC&rsquo;s AXI-Lite bus. This was useful for creating a prototype,
+but its limited size lead to it being replaced with an in-memory frame buffer,
+supplemented with a BRAM line buffer. The end result is shown below, the
+component is connected to the TileLink bus.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_600x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_framebuffer_hu242dcfbcd62d5e4fc74614622ef16f28_42322_300x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Framebuffer diagram" title="Framebuffer diagram" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>This component builds on the VGA controller, for which documentation will be
+added shortly. We have added a data mover (a unidirectional DMA), to move data
+from the in memory frame buffer into the local video memory. The video memory
+acts as a line buffer, the data mover (DM) moves one line from the in-memory frame
+buffer at a time. Meanwhile the VGA controller flushes the new lines to the
+screen, displaying the image from memory. The DM obeys the state machine shown
+in the diagram below. The DM Controller is memory mapped, allowing the CPU to
+communicate with it. Currently, it can only accept one request at a time,
+further requests are ignored until the component moves back to the IDLE step.
+Requests consist of source and destination addresses, and a length. A planned
+extension is adding a FIFO queue to the controller to allow multiple requests
+to be supported.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/imc_2ndupd_dm_states_hu497ba94ea07cdf1246499c8cae046845_21549_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Data mover state diagram" title="Data mover state diagram" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>The decision was made to implement a unidirectional data mover over a more
+complex and capable bidirectional DMA component as only unidirectional movement
+was needed for now. Later on, we will need bidirectional access as the
+video accelerator will need to write back to memory. We hope to enable
+bidirectionality by simply duplicating the existing unidirectional design.</p><p>Our next tasks relate to video decoding. We will be adapting a reference
+MPEG-2 codec to decode video on the FPGA and adding extra components to the
+SoC design to improve the performance of the codec, such as DCT and iDCT
+accelerators.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 14, 2016</time></address><p>Many of the lowRISC team (Robert Mullins, Wei Song, and Alex Bradbury) have
+been in Boston this week for the fourth RISC-V workshop. By any measure, this
+has been a massive success with over 250 attendees representing 63 companies
+and 42 Universities. Wei presented our most recent work on integrating trace
+debug, which you&rsquo;ll soon be able to read much more about here (it&rsquo;s worth
+signing up to our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>announcement list</a> if you want to
+be informed of each of our releases).</p><h2 id=risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Next RISC-V Workshop will be Nov 29th-30th at Google&rsquo;s Mountain View, CA</li><li>The RISC-V ISA and related standards shall remain open and license-free to
+all parties, and the member agreement with RISC-V Foundation will include a
+license for the trademark</li><li>Trademark license for commercial use is part of being a silver, gold, or
+platinum member</li><li>Founding member status has now finished.</li><li>You don&rsquo;t have to be a member to participate in specifications - each task
+group must include at least one round of public consultation.</li><li>Question: any plans for workshops outside of the USA? Answer: yes, we would
+like to do that</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-interrupts-krste-asanović:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>RISC-V interrupts: Krste Asanović</h2><ul><li>Want a standard that is useful in high performance Unix-like systems (fast
+cores, smart devices), low/mid embedded systems (slow cores, dumb devices),
+and high-performance realtime systems (can&rsquo;t waste time on interrupt overhead)</li><li>Design goals: simplicity, support all kinds of platforms, allow tradeoffs
+between performance and implementation cost, be flexible to support
+specialised needs</li><li>Interrupts are either local or global.<ul><li>Local interrupts are directly connected to one hardware thread (hart) with
+no arbitration. On RISC-V, there is currently only two of these: software
+and timer.</li><li>For global (external) interrupts, they are routed via the memory-mapped
+Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)</li></ul></li><li>A new CSR, the Machine Interrupt Pending (mip) register is added. It has
+separate interrupts for each supported privilege level.</li><li>User-level interrupt handling is an optional feature. This may be used in
+secure embedded systems.</li><li>Software interrupts<ul><li>MSIP (machine software interrupt) can only be written in machine mode via
+a memory-mapped control register. This is used for inter-hart interrupts.
+Also have HSIP, SSIP, USIP. A hart can only write its own HSIP, SSIP, USIP.</li><li>The App/OS/Hypervisor can only perform inter-hart interrupts via
+ABI/SBI/HBI calls</li></ul></li><li>Timer interrupts: MTIP is a single 64-bit real-time hardware timer and
+comparator in M-mode. You want this because due to frequency scaling etc, just
+going by cycle count is not useful. HTIP, STIP, UTIP are set up by M-mode
+software.</li><li>When running at a given privilege level, all interrupts for lower levels are
+disabled.</li><li>All interrupts trap to M-mode by default, and M-mode software can redirect
+to the other privilege level as necessary. mideleg can be used to
+automatically delegate interrupts to the next privilege level.</li><li>Conceptually, when interrupts come in to the PLIC they are handled by the
+gateway. This abstracts away differences between different interrupt sources.
+e.g. level-triggered, edge-triggered etc. A new request isn&rsquo;t forwarded to the
+PLIC core unless the previous request&rsquo;s handler has signaled completion.</li><li>Each interrupt has an ID and priority. These priorities can be fixed or
+variable. The PLIC stores per-target information</li><li>An interrupted hart will try to claim an interrupt from the PLIC with a read
+of the memory-mapped register. It could have been claimed by someone else, and
+the PLIC core is responsible for ensuring the interrupts it received by only
+one hart.</li><li>If you want to add more levels of nested interrupt handling, add more harts
+to your system.</li><li>The position of the PLIC in the memory map isn&rsquo;t defined by the
+specification because many people will have existing memory maps.</li><li>Question: would you have multiple PLICs on a multi-core system? Answer:
+conceptually, there is only one PLIC though it could be implemented in a
+distributed fashion.</li></ul><h2 id=formal-specification-of-risc-v-uniprocessor-consistency-arvind:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Formal specification of RISC-V uniprocessor consistency: Arvind</h2><ul><li>Joint project with Adam Chlipala. The slogan is &ldquo;chips with proofs&rdquo;. These
+are multicore chips that satisfy the RISC-V ISA specifications and are capable
+of booting Linux.</li><li>Both the design and the proofs must be modular and amenable to modular
+refinement.</li><li>Mostly concerned about microarchitecture and memory system correctness.</li><li>Specs and designs are expressed in Bluespec.</li><li>See also <a href=http://plv.csail.mit.edu/kami/>Kami</a>, a framework for Coq for
+performing proofs about Bluespec programs.</li><li>A specification should avoid using concepts such as partially executed
+instructions or &ldquo;a store was been performed with respect to&hellip;&rdquo;.
+Non-determinism is necessary, but unspecified behaviour should be avoided.</li><li>Semantics are defined in terms of &lsquo;I2E&rsquo;, the Instantaneous Instruction
+Execution framework. Simply, an instruction executes instantaneously ensuring
+the processor state is always up to date. Data moves between processors and
+memory asynchronously according to some background rules. Memory
+model-specific buffers are placed between the processor state and memory.</li><li>WMM is a possible memory model for RISC-V, where both loads and stores can
+be re-ordered. Conceptually, invalidation buffers are added alongside the
+store buffer in order to make stale values visible. Whenever a stale value is
+removed from the invalidation buffer, any values that are older (more stale)
+must also be removed.</li><li>Memory issues arise even within a uniprocessor, due to self-modifying code
+and page table access and the TLB. The fundamental issue is with multiple
+paths to the same memory.</li><li>Arvind is concerned that when defining formal semantics, a very weak memory
+model may become very (too?) complex.</li></ul><h2 id=heterogeneous-multicore-risc-v-processors-in-fd-soi-silicon-thomas-peyret:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Heterogeneous Multicore RISC-V Processors in FD-SOI Silicon: Thomas Peyret</h2><ul><li>Want to build a large ecosystem around FD-SOI in Europe, including IP and
+chipset libraries.</li><li>PULSAR is a RISC-V big.LITTLE-style heterogeneous multicore. Two small cores
+(rocket without FPU, 8KB L1 caches) and two big cores (3-way super-scalar BOOM
+and 32KB L1 caches). It features an AMBA interconnect generated by Synopsys
+CoreAssembler and has multiple body-bias zones.</li><li>Currently looking to use it in the context of a pedestrian navigation
+system.</li><li>128-bit link to DDR5 controller, plus 4+4GTX SERDES to a separate FPGA.</li><li>Also features the AntX processor, which is a very small 32-bit RISC Harvard
+design from CEA Tech.</li><li>Used hardware emulation with ZeBu (Synopsys)</li><li>Also used SESAM for virtual prototyping (based on SystemC/TLM 2.0). This is
+up to 90% accurate compared to RTL. Have also developed SCale, a new parallel
+SystemC kernel.</li><li>Synthesis results show 2.64mm2, 0.6W, 700MHz.</li><li>Question: will the work be open-sourced? Answer: Don&rsquo;t know yet.</li></ul><h2 id=nvidia-risc-v-evaluation-story-joe-xie:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>NVidia RISC-V evaluation story: Joe Xie</h2><ul><li>Want to reproduce the existing NVIDIA falcon CPU with a new ISA</li><li>Falcon - FAst Logic CONtroller. Introduced over 10 years ago and used in
+more than 15 different hardware engines today. Low area, secure, flexible. 6
+stage pipeline, variable length instructions (proprietary NVIDIA ISA).</li><li>The next generation for Falcon is needed for higher performance and rich OS
+support. Old Falcon is 0.67 DMIPS/MHz, 1.4 Coremark/Mhz</li><li>Options were to buy access to a current architecture (MIPS, ARM, others) or
+build (move to RISC-V or improve Falcon). Obviously, they elected to move to
+RISC-V. The fact the ISA is extensible is a key advantage. Want an area of
+less than 0.1mm2 at 16FF.</li><li>NV-RISCV is 5 stage in-order issue, out-of-order execution. It has a
+in-order write buffer. No FPU. Makes use of an MPU with base and bound
+protection. It will initially be added to the Falcon as a 2nd core to provide
+easy backwards compatibility.</li><li>Area for 16FF: Falcon 0.03mm2 vs Rocket 0.055mm2 vs NV-RISC-V 0.05-0.06mm2.</li><li>Did a lot of cache optimisations to tolerate large latency. Store buffer,
+write merging, line-fill buffer, victim buffer, stream buffer.</li><li>Areas of interest include toolchain (for automotive, debug, performance
+tuning, flexibility, ilp32/ilp64). Also security (crypto instructions and
+extensions), and adding cache manipulation instructions.</li><li>Question: why design your own core rather than use an existing one? Answer:
+after evaluating the options, it made the most sense. The motivation to go to
+RISC-V was technical as well as influenced by cost.</li></ul><h2 id=isa-shootout-a-comparison-of-risc-v-arm-and-x86-chris-celio:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>ISA Shootout – a Comparison of RISC-V, ARM, and x86: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Recently released a new tech report <a href=http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02318>The renewed case for the Reduced
+Instruction Set Computer</a>.</li><li>The conventional wisdom is that CISC ISAs are more expressive and dense than
+RISC ISAs, while RISC ISAs map well to high-performance pipelines. Of course,
+a number of designs have CISC instructions translating to RISC-like micro-ops.</li><li>Chris&rsquo; contention is that a well designed RISC ISA can be very competitive
+with CISC ISAs. It can be denser and higher performance.</li><li><code>ldmiaeq sp!, {r4-r7, PC}</code> is an ARMv7 instruction (load
+multiple-increment-address) which will write to 7 registers and perform 6
+loads. This is a common idiom for stack pop and return from a function call.</li><li>Goal is to get a baseline to measure the current code generation quality of
+the RISC-V gcc port. Given a fixed ISA, what can the compiler do to improve
+performance? What can the programmer do? What can the micro-architect do? A
+specific non-goal is to lobby for more instructions (CISC or otherwise).</li><li>Dynamic instruction count can be very misleading due to the possibility it
+decodes to many micro-ops. Conversely, macro-op fusion may take multiple
+instructions and fuse them on the fly.</li><li>Looking at 6 ISAs, using 12 benchmarks from SpecINT 2006.</li><li>Average 16% more instructions for RISC-V vs x86-64, though roughly even in
+terms of micro-ops. With the compressed instruction set extension, RISC-V wins
+in terms of instruction bytes fetched on many of the benchmarks. Overall, 28%
+fewer instruction bytes than ARMv7 and 8% fewer than x86-64.</li><li>Adding array indices is the most common idiom, so why not add an indexed
+load instruction to match x86? But with the compressed ISA, a pair of
+compressed instructions can be treated as an indexed load by the decoder.</li><li>Proposed macro-op fusion pairs: load effective address, indexed load, clear
+upper word. These idioms provide 5.4% fewer &ldquo;effective&rdquo; instructions for RV64.</li><li>Fusion isn&rsquo;t just for superscalar out-of-order cores. Chris believes it
+should be used by all RISC-V cores. For instance, Rocket (single issue) can be
+modified to perform this.</li><li>Better code generation is possible if the compiler knows fusion is
+available.</li><li>RISC can be denser, faster, and stay simple!</li><li>Question: will compressed become standard? Answer: it may become part of the
+de-facto standard or even Linux ABI standard. Still more to be done to fully
+understand the complexity for processor implementations.</li><li>Question: how does macro-op fusion interact with things like faults and
+precise exceptions? Answer: it does add extra complexity. One solution is if
+you get a fault, then re-fetch and execute without fusion.</li></ul><h2 id=trace-debugging-in-lowrisc-wei-song:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Trace debugging in lowRISC: Wei Song</h2><ul><li>Watch this blog for much more on our trace debug work very soon.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-i-o-scale-out-architecture-for-distributed-data-analytics-mohammad-akhter:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>RISC-V I/O Scale Out Architecture for Distributed Data Analytics: Mohammad Akhter</h2><ul><li>For analytics, need a deep net with many nodes. This demands balanced
+low-latency computing I/O, memory, and storage processing.</li><li>Wireless network evolution is driven by real-time data with better QoS. Very
+rapid growth rate in bandwidth and reduction in round-trip time latency for
+LTE, LTE-A, 5G, &hellip;</li><li>Built a deep learning micro-cluster. Uses RapidIO, NVidia GPUs. No RISC-V
+though. They&rsquo;ve then looked at how this might look with RISC-V cores instead.</li><li>Want to support AXI rand RapidIO.</li><li>Produced a hardware simulation model with TileLink packet generators
+producing data that is transferred over a RapidIO transport.</li><li>A RISC-V CPU generator model with port for RapidIO available (where?)</li></ul><h2 id=coherent-storage-the-brave-new-world-of-non-volatile-main-memory-dejan-vucinic:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Coherent storage. The brave new world of non-volatile main memory: Dejan Vucinić</h2><ul><li>There are two emerging resistive non-volatile memories. ReRAM and PCM. Read
+latency is orders of magnitude lower than NAND, somewhere between that of DRAM
+and NAND.</li><li>Should non-volatile memories be treated like memory, or like storage?</li><li>For now, it seems to make sense to have the digital logic for the NVM
+controller off-chip (including coherence state).</li><li>Wear levelling, data protection at rest further motivate the controller
+being placed along with non-volatile media.</li><li>One potential approach is a coherent storage controller in reconfigurable
+logic.</li><li>RISC-V shopping list: Hardware coherence, fast+wide ports for peripherals to
+join the coherence domain, relinquish the non-volatile memory controller for
+now, and get used to high variability in main memory response time.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-as-a-basis-for-asip-design-drake-smith:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>RISC-V as a basis for ASIP design: Drake Smith</h2><ul><li>&ldquo;Every design is different, so why is every embedded processor the same?&rdquo;</li><li>Using RISC-V as a basis for ASIP can avoid many concerns. SecureRF produces
+quantum-resistant security for low resource devices using group theoretic
+cryptography.</li><li>Using the Microsemi Smartfusion2+ board as the test platform.</li><li>With a software-only port, their WalnutDSA was 63x faster than Micro-ECC.</li><li>Adding a custom instruction to accelerate it only added 2% area on the FPGA
+and gave another 3x increase in speed.</li></ul><h2 id=an-updated-on-building-the-risc-v-software-ecosystem-arun-thomas:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>An updated on building the RISC-V software ecosystem: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>2016 wishlist: Upstream GNU toolchain, Clang//LLVM and QEMU. Also Linux
+kernel, Yocto, Gentoo, and BSD. Plus Debian/RISC-V port.</li><li>Now people are getting ready to send patches for review for toolchains and
+QEMU.</li><li>FreeBSD 11 will officially support RISC-V. For the Debian/RISC-V port, see
+Manuel&rsquo;s talk tomorrow.</li><li>Arun argues the Foundation should fund developers to build core software
+infrastructure. Additionally, we should also decide on a process for proposing
+ISA enhancements.</li><li>What might funded developers do? Upstreaming and maintainership, porting
+software, performance optimisation/analysis, enhancing test suites and
+methodologies, continuous integration and release management.</li><li>How should proposals be be handled? Various groups have approaches for this
+already. e.g. Rust, Python, IEEE, IETF. Arun has put together a <a href=https://github.com/arunthomas/riscv-rfcs>straw-man
+proposal on specification
+development</a>.</li><li>Arun would like to see the next iteration for the privileged spec to go
+through a comment period.</li></ul><h2 id=orca-lve-embedded-risc-v-with-lightweight-vector-extensions-guy-lemieux:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>ORCA-LVE, embedded RISC-V with lightweight vector extensions: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>Using 900LUTs for a speedup of 12x. Proposed and added a standardised vector
+engine to their processor.</li><li>Smallest version of the ORCA implementation can fit in 2k LUTS on the
+Lattice iCE40 and runs at about 20MHz.</li><li>Their approach for lightweight vector extensions is to add a dedicated
+vector data scratchpad and to re-use the RISC-V ALU.</li><li>Vector operands are just RISC-V scalar registers containing pointers into
+the vector scratchpad.</li><li>To encode vector operations, they use two 32-bit instruction bundles.</li><li>To allocate vector data, just use an alternative malloc function. Intrinsics
+are available to manipulate vectors.</li><li>In the future, want to add 2D and 3D operations as well as subword SIMD.</li><li>Why not using the proposed RISC-V vector extensions? Because the detailed
+proposal isn&rsquo;t yet released, and LVE intends to be more lightweight and lower
+overhead.</li><li>Question: can these instructions raise exceptions? Answer: that hasn&rsquo;t been
+properly defined yet.</li></ul><h2 id=fpgarduino-a-cross-platform-risc-v-ide-for-the-masses-marko-zec:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>FPGArduino. A cross-platform RISC-V IDE for the masses: Marko Zec</h2><ul><li>The main attraction of the Arduino IDE is simplicity and quick results</li><li>Provide pre-compiled toolchains for OSX, Windows, and Linux. For C
+libraries, took mainly from FreeBSD.</li><li>boards.txt defines IDE menu entries and options. Also support pre-build FPGA
+bitstreams and support for upload from IDE.</li><li>Have produced f32c, a retargetable scalar RISC-V core written (mostly) in
+VHDL.</li></ul><h2 id=sifive-s-risc-v-computer-jack-kang:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>SiFive&rsquo;s RISC-V computer: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company building customisable SoCs</li><li>They produce a free and open platform spec for their platforms</li><li>This week announced &ldquo;Freedom Unleashed&rdquo; (Linux application cores, high speed
+peripherals), and &ldquo;Freedom Everywhere&rdquo; (targeted at embedded and IoT).</li><li>The Freedom Unleashed demo will be shown today, running on an FPGA connected
+to PCIe.</li><li>Question: why 180nm for the Freedom Everywhere, isn&rsquo;t it rather old now?
+Answer: it is low cost and fast time to market so will make sense for some.</li><li>Question: will peripherals etc be open sourced? Answer: things we do
+ourselves e.g. SPI will be.</li></ul><h2 id=mit-s-riscy-expedition-andy-wright:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>MIT&rsquo;s RISCy expedition: Andy Wright</h2><ul><li>Build proofs from small components, build them up to complete, real
+processors.</li><li>They are now releasing their work, the Riscy processor library, Riscy BSV
+utility library, and reference processor implementations. Currently
+multi-cycle and in-order pipelined. Soon, out-of-order execution.</li><li>Have infrastructure for tandem verification.</li><li>How is modular design possible? RTL modules are not modularly refinable
+under composition, i.e. implementation details of one module may put
+additional constraints on another. But BSV language features do support
+composability.</li><li>The processor design flow involves taking the Riscy blocks, forming the
+initial connections, performing modular refinement, and then scheduling
+optimisation to reduce overheads due to BSV scheduling logic.</li><li>Connectal implements the connections from FPGA to a host computer through
+PCIe. This also works on Zynq FPGAs with an AXI transport.</li><li>Tandem verification: run the same program on two RISC-V implementations at
+once. Generated verification packets at commit stage, use non-deterministic
+information from the implementation under test for synchronisation, and then
+compare the results.</li><li>Check out the code <a href=https://github.com/csail-csg/riscy>on Github</a>.</li><li>Planned work involves formal specifications, proofs for modules, and proof
+for processors.</li></ul><h2 id=a-software-programmable-fpga-iot-platform-andrew-canis:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>A software-programmable FPGA IoT platform: Andrew Canis</h2><ul><li>Lattice&rsquo;s vision for an FPGA IoT platform is that it has high ease of use
+(use C/C++ as design entry), and flexibility for a range of sensors,
+actuators, communication devices.</li><li>A hybrid computing solution: the RISC-V processor with FPGA hardware. RISC-V
+processor plus LegUp-generated hardware acclerators to handle the processing
+part of the IoT platform.</li><li>The Lattice RISC-V processor has a 4 stage pipeline, and can be configured
+for RV32I, RV32IM, and RV32IC. It compares favourably to the LM32, e.g. RV32IC
+takes 1.6K LUTs vs 2K LUTs for the LM32 while also achieving higher DMIPS and
+code density.</li><li>LegUp is a high level synthesis tool.</li><li>For a sum of squares of speech samples example, the LegUp synthesized
+accelerator gives a 5.4x speedup vs the RISC-V software implementation.</li><li>LegUp has plans to support LegUp-synthesized custom instruction
+implementations</li></ul><h2 id=apache-mynewt-james-pace:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Apache mynewt: James Pace</h2><ul><li><a href=http://mynewt.apache.org>Mynewt</a> is an open source OS for constrained IOT.
+Supports ARM, AVR, Mips (and now RISC-V?).</li><li>Apache Mynewt is &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; for devices that cannot run Linux.</li><li>It is a community effort, run through the Apache Software Foundation.
+Currently ~280k lines of code.</li><li>Plans for Bluetooth 5 support in the future, deployments for industrial
+wireless sensor networks.</li><li>The Mynewt kernel is a pre-emptive, multi-tasking RTOS with a tickless
+kernel.</li><li>Question: does Mynewt support SMP? Answer: not currently.</li></ul><h2 id=dsp-isa-extensions-for-an-open-source-risc-v-implementation-pulp-pasquale-davide-schiavone:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>DSP ISA extensions for an open-source RISC-V implementation (PULP): Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2><ul><li>RI5CYv2 is an evolution of their RISC-V implementation. It is an RV32IMC
+implementation with some PULP-specific ISA extensions to target energy
+efficiency.</li><li>Includes support for profiling and core execution trace.</li><li>Coremark/Mhz is competitive with the ARM Cortex M4.</li><li>Hardware loop instructions benefit control-intensive applications</li><li>Add DSP extensions to improve energy efficiency for signal processing
+algorithms. Want to execute more quickly so the core can enter a low-power
+mode.</li><li>RI5CYv2 adds dot product between vectors, saturation instructions, small
+vector instructions, &hellip; GCC support is present for these.</li><li>These additional instructions give a performance increase of up to 9.5x,
+6.4x on average for data-intensive kernels.</li><li>The fan-out 4 of the critical path is 31. When laying out at 65nm, area is
+67 kilo-gate equivalents.</li><li>Released so far just 10% of what they will release in the future, so there&rsquo;s
+much more to come. The full PULP will be released in December, an in the
+meantime you can use the PULPino core.</li></ul><h2 id=the-dover-edge-a-metadata-enhanced-risc-v-architecture-andré-dehon:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>The DOVER Edge: A Metadata-Enhanced RISC-V Architecture: André DeHon</h2><ul><li>How do we handle the &lsquo;edge&rsquo; of a metadata tagged system? e.g. I/O to the
+untagged world, legacy devices, DMA.</li><li>PUMP is a metadata processing engine that checks tags upon every instruction
+and memory access.</li><li>For slave devices, tags can be associated with memory mapped devices. These
+are used to write rules to control access. This allows giving configuration
+control to particular drivers, without giving the driver control to all
+devices or other privileges.</li><li>DMA I/O policies might target: containment (who&rsquo;s allowed to read/write a
+buffer), integrity (mark incoming data as untrusted), secrecy, and
+data presence/synchronisation.</li><li>Add new supported opcodes as input to the PUMP representing DMA load and DMA
+store. Modify PC tag and Instr tag to represent the state of the DMA and the
+DMA source.</li><li>If a DMA is deemed to be misbehaving, it can be totally disabled by the PUMP
+or the particular operation could be discarded.</li><li>In this design, there is both an IO pump and a processor PUMP. The IO pump
+is pipelined so it will not reduce system throughput.</li><li>The IO pump generates an interrupt on a rule miss. The miss handler uses the
+same rule function as for the processor PUMP.</li></ul><h2 id=improving-the-performance-per-area-factor-of-risc-v-based-multi-core-systems-tobias-strauch:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Improving the performance-per-area factor of RISC-V based multi-core systems: Tobias Strauch</h2><ul><li>The speaker has spent many years working on C-slow retiming</li><li>System hyper pipelining is based on C-slow retiming. It replaces original
+registers with memories, and adds thread stalling and bypassing features.</li><li>In &lsquo;deep pipelining&rsquo;, run one thread in &lsquo;beast mode&rsquo;. Switch to another
+thread if an instruction dependency is detected.</li><li>Created the microRISC project, working on the V-scale design. With SHP was
+able to move from 80MHz to 250MHz.</li><li>miniRISC (based on lowRISC). Want to perform SHP on the Rocket core. The
+speaker proposes that instead of having multiple minions you have a
+hyper-pipelined core.</li><li>The source code of the projects will be released in PDVL, a new language
+&ldquo;way better than Chisel and Bluespec Verilog(!)&rdquo; that produces VHDL and
+Verilog.</li></ul><h2 id=working-towards-a-debian-risc-v-port-manuel-a-fernandez-montecelo:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Working towards a Debian RISC-V port: Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo</h2><ul><li>Debian is a community of volunteers who care about free and open-source
+software.</li><li>Debian contains more than 22k source packages</li><li>Debian contains a mix of officially supported ports, unofficial releases (on
+Debian infrastructure but not part of the stable release process), and others
+are outside of Debian infrastructure (e.g. Raspbian).</li><li>Why a Debian port for RISC-V? Interested as Manuel feels affinity with the
+goals of the project, previously enjoyed working with the OpenRISC port.</li><li>Goal is to have a complete, fully supported, continuously updated Debian
+port. The initial step is to bootstrap a viable, basic OS disk image.</li><li>The chosen RISC-V target is 64-bit little endian. This is the recommended
+default and what is planned for the lowRISC board.</li><li>Been working on and off since November 2014. Upstreaming of toolchains etc
+would be very helpful. Have now built 300-400 &ldquo;essential&rdquo; packages.</li><li>Packages where mostly cross-compiled, with some compiled &lsquo;natively&rsquo; inside
+emulators. Some require building multiple times to e.g. break circular
+dependencies.</li><li>ABI changes mean work has to restart from scratch.</li></ul><h2 id=kami-a-framework-for-hardware-verification-murali-vijayaraghavan:24dd012cacead39c1aa2537e4e61f3e1>Kami. A framework for hardware verification: Murali Vijayaraghavan</h2><ul><li>This work is part of the &ldquo;Riscy Expedition&rdquo; by MIT. Want to build chips with
+proofs.</li><li>Must to able to verify an optimisation is correct independent of contexts,
+to enable modular verification of a full system.</li><li>Kami is a DSL inside the Coq proof assistant for verifying Bluespec-style
+hardware.</li><li>Have finished building required theory and proof automation infrastructure.<br>Are currently working on proving a cluster of multi-cycle cores connected to a
+coherent cache hierarchy implements sequential consistency.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html b/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/index.html
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Alex Bradbury,
+<time>October 15, 2016</time></address><p>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not,
+we&rsquo;ll return to discussing Verilog, Chisel, and low-level software work soon.
+I wrote a quick script to help serve a need (producing a Gantt chart) and
+thought perhaps others would find it useful.</p><p>There are a wide range of online services to help produce and maintain Gantt
+charts, but none quite offered what I was looking for. I want something open
+source, easy to use, and where the underlying data is human readable and can
+be version controlled. The
+<a href=http://xael.org/pages/python-gantt-en.html>python-gantt</a> library formed an
+excellent starting point for generating a Gantt chart in SVG, but I thought it
+was worth trying to support a slightly less verbose input format.</p><p>Enter <a href=http://hjson.org/>hjson</a>, which aims to be a superset of json with
+much more forgiving syntax. This has its disadvantages, but it does seem to
+work well as a concise and easy to edit data format. A quick python script to
+parse an hjson input to produce a Gantt chart and we&rsquo;re away. One feature I do
+like is the use of <a href=https://github.com/amjith/fuzzyfinder>fuzzy matching</a> for
+project references and dependencies. Again, this makes it easy to hack on by
+hand. In the example below, I&rsquo;m able to use &ldquo;mftr widgets&rdquo; to refer to the
+&ldquo;Manufacture widgets&rdquo; task.</p><p>Example input:</p><pre><code>    {
+        projects: [
+            {
+                name: Project Alpha
+                color: green
+            }
+        ]
+
+        tasks: [
+            {
+                name: Design widget
+                begin: 2016-10-14
+                duration: 7,
+                people: Farquaad
+                project: alpha
+            }
+            {
+                name: Set up widget production line
+                begin: 2016-10-19
+                duration: 6
+                people: Zack
+                project: alpha
+            }
+            {
+                name: Manufacture widgets
+                duration: 7
+                people: Carrie
+                deps: [&quot;design widget&quot;, &quot;widget prod line&quot;]
+                project: alpha
+            }
+        ]
+
+        milestones: [
+            {
+                name: Widgets start shipping
+                start: 2016-10-30
+                deps: [&quot;mftr widgets&quot;]
+                project: alpha
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+</code></pre><p>Example output (<code>./hjson_to_gantt --begin-date 2016-10-10 --end-date 2016-11-13 example.hjson --name example</code>):</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_1800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_900x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Example Gantt chart" title="Example Gantt chart"><p><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/hjson_to_gantt>hjson_to_gantt is available on Github</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html b/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34fe15b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 29, 2016</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>fifth RISC-V
+workshop</a> is going
+on today and tomorrow at the Google&rsquo;s Quad Campus in Mountain View. I&rsquo;ll be
+keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor-and-dom-rizzo:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo</h2><ul><li>This workshop is yet again bigger than the last. 350+ attendees, 107 companies, 29 universities.</li><li>The next workshop will be May 9th-10 in Shanghai, China.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-at-uc-san-diego-michael-taylor:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor</h2><ul><li>Startup software stacks today look a light like an iceberg. A small amount
+of &lsquo;value-add&rsquo; at the top, and a huge stack of open source underneath.</li><li>How do we build the equivalent for hardware, the fully open source ASIC
+stack?</li><li>Need core IP, IO pads, standard cells, PLLs, high speed I/O, tools, BGA
+packages, PCB design, firmware etc</li><li>basejump aims to provide a &lsquo;base class&rsquo; for cheap hardware development. It
+includes a standard library of components, an open source package design, and
+an open source motherboard</li><li><code>bsg_ip_cores</code> aims to be like C++ STL, but for SystemVerilog</li><li>BSG Ten is a recent design featuring 10 RISC-V cores that will be taping out
+before the end of the year on a TSMC shuttle run.</li><li>Aim for 100% of the design will be open, including design files for the
+chip, PCB, BGA package, firmware.</li><li>BSG Ten has its own 5-stage RV32IM pipeline</li><li>Also working on &lsquo;Certus&rsquo;, a 16nm TSMC design featuring Rocket cores, a
+neural network accelerator, and the BSG I/O infrastructure.</li><li>Suggestion: RoCC interface should be wired to the toplevel of the Rocket
+hierarchy</li><li>Suggestion: The RISC-V community should have at least yearly stable
+end-to-end releases of full RISC-V stacks (Linux to Verilog)</li></ul><h2 id=updates-on-pulpino-florian-zaruba:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Updates on PULPino: Florian Zaruba</h2><ul><li>Imperio is the first ASIC implementation of PULPino, done in UMC 65nm.<br>Speed: 500MHz.</li><li>Area is 700kGE for the SoC and 40kGE for the core (1kGE = 1.44um2).</li><li>What is PULP? Parallel Ultra Low Power (platform).</li><li>PULPino is a much simplified version of PULP, featuring just 1 core, reduced
+interconnect and simplified cache design.</li><li>Have hardware loops, post-incrementing loads and stores and SIMD instruction
+extensions.</li><li>Over 20 companies and research institutes are using PULPino</li><li>PULPinov2 is targeted for Q12017. This features support for Verilator
+simulation, IP-XACT description, new peripherals (uDMA), new streamlined event
+unit, SDK, updated compiler, and improved documentation and tutorials</li><li>In the future, want to work on a secure PULPino capable of running SeL4</li><li>Working on a 10kGE or less RISC-V core. Evaluating 1 and 3-stage pipeline
+designs.</li><li>Want to explore heterogeneous configurations, featuring FPU and
+accelerators.</li><li>Find out more at the <a href=http://www.pulp-platform.org>PULP website</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=sifive-fe310-and-low-cost-hifive1-development-board-jack-kang:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>SiFive FE310 and low-cost HiFive1 development board: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>SiFive is a fabless semiconductor company. Their business model is to build
+custom SoC designs for their customers. Customers give specs and/or IP and
+SiFive deliver packaged, tested chips.</li><li>Although a commercial company who may offer commercial licenses, they are
+committed to updating the open source rocket-chip implementation.</li><li>RISC-V chips are here: the Freedom E310. This features an RV32IMAC core.<br>320MHz+ on TSMC180G. 1.61DMIPS/MHz, 16K L1 I$, 16K data scratchpad, multiple
+power domains (supports low power standby). Comes in a 6x6 48-pin QFN</li><li>Claim to be 9x more power efficient than Intel Quark and 2x more power
+efficient than the ARM Cortex M0+.</li><li>The HiFive 1 is an Arduino compatible board for this chip. The board design
+and SDK is/will be open source. It&rsquo;s now up on
+<a href=https://www.crowdsupply.com/sifive/hifive1>CrowdSupply</a>. $59 will get you
+one board.</li><li>The RTL for their implementations presented at the last RISC-V workshop are
+now open source and <a href=https://github.com/sifive/freedom>up at GitHub</a>.</li><li>Question: how much (ballpark) might it cost to get 100 prototype chips? For
+Freedom Everywhere (microcontroller), looking at less than $100k depending on
+the level of customisation needed.</li><li>Question: what is the plan for getting the SiFive chips to be competitive
+with the Cortex-M4 and other designs from ARM? Answer: this will come in time
+with custom instructions, custom accelerators etc. The ability to customise
+will result in better performance/watt than any off the shelf solution.</li></ul><h2 id=rapid-silicon-prototyping-and-production-for-risc-v-socs-neil-hand:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Rapid silicon prototyping and production for RISC-V SoCs: Neil Hand</h2><ul><li>Need to support rapid evolution of IoT designs.</li><li>IoT class designs can be achieved in tens of k$.</li><li>All standards based, but not open source</li><li>A standard cell ASIC is typically 52-78 weeks, compared to 10 weeks for a
+Baysand Metal configurable standard cell.</li><li>Codasip have 3-stage and 5-stage implementations RISC-V implementations. The
+slide compares gate count and frequency vs Rocket and ZScale (watch out for
+the slides to be posted, I didn&rsquo;t get a chance to jot down the numbers)</li><li>Have a story for easy extensibility, adding new instructions and having a
+new SDK etc generated.</li><li>UltraSoC provides debug</li><li>LLVM is the glue that holds the solution together. They generate an LLVM
+compiler based on their processor model and any customer-defined extensions.</li><li>A test chip will be taping out very soon. Also exploring general
+availability for a dev-board</li><li>They are developing their own alternative to QEMU for their customers with a
+non-copyleft license.</li></ul><h2 id=extending-risc-v-for-application-specific-requirements-steve-cox:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Extending RISC-V for application-specific requirements: Steve Cox</h2><ul><li>Sometimes a pre-defined ISA is insufficient. May require an
+application-optimised ISA. e.g. the Google TPU</li><li>ASIP designer is a tool for automating ASIP design. The process can start
+with a pre-existing example model, e..g RISC-V</li><li>ASIP designer has been used in more than 250 unique SoC products</li><li>The speaker gives an example of a header compression accelerator. Start with
+a simple 3-stage RV32IM core. This is 24.5k gates on TSMC 28HPM at 500MHz and
+32GPRs.</li><li>First, consider instruction level parallelism. e.g. switching to a 2-slot
+VLIW. This reduced cycle could by 21% and increased gate count by 31%.</li><li>Next, try adding application-specific instructions. This reduced the code
+size by 56%, cycle count by 67%, and added 9% to the gate count (compared to
+the original baseline).</li><li>Next, try adding a compare immediate and branch instruction. This reduces
+code size by 8% and cycle count by 18% vs the previous result.</li></ul><h2 id=a-memory-model-for-risc-v-muralidaran-vijayaraghavan:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>A memory model for RISC-V: Muralidaran Vijayaraghavan</h2><ul><li>Why not SC/TSO? Simple implementations have low performance.</li><li>Why not the POWER/ARM models? Expose too many microarchitectural details and
+their axiomatic models are too complex</li><li>Why not RMO? The dependency requirements are too strict</li><li>Want a simple specification with the inclusion of sufficient fences to force
+sequential consistency behaviour when necessary</li><li>Which is why they&rsquo;ve introduced WMM: which has a simple operational
+specification like SC, TSO.</li><li>WMM introduces the conceptual device of an invalidation buffer. This holds
+stale values that may be read by a future load.</li><li>WMM has reconcile fences (clears the invalidation buffer) and commit fences
+(flushes the store buffer).</li><li>All instructions are committed in order, so stores cannot overtake loads.
+This prevents &lsquo;out of thin air&rsquo; generation of values</li><li>A write -back coherent cache hierarchy is typically global store atomic. SMT
+cores with L1 write-through caches aren&rsquo;t, so don&rsquo;t do it.</li><li>Mapping C++11 atomic operations to WMM is straight forward</li><li>Question: what is the difference to the programmer vs TSO? Answer: you would
+have to put a reconcile fence whenever you require load/load ordering</li></ul><h2 id=a-memory-consistency-model-for-risc-v-caroline-trippel:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>A Memory Consistency Model for RISC-V: Caroline Trippel</h2><ul><li>Princeton have been working on memory consistency model verification. This
+resulted in PipeCheck and CCICheck. Then implemented ArMOR, which worked to
+more precisely define memory models. COATCheck looks at how e.g. instructions
+that are executed as a result of page table walks interact with the memory
+model. Finally, TriCheck helps to verify the lowering of e.g. C++11 atomic
+constructs to the ISA level, as well as checking the ISA memory model and
+hardware memory model.</li><li>Have identified and characterised flaws in the current RISC-V memory model
+specification (ASPLOS&rsquo;17).</li><li>Two broad categories of memory model relaxation. Preserved program order
+(defines program orderings that hardware must preserve by default) and store
+atomicity (defines the order in which stores become visible to cores).</li><li>Propose tighter preserved program order and non-multi-copy store atomicity.</li><li>Why allow non-multiple-copy atomic stores? Commercial ISAs e.g. ARM, Power
+allow this, and RISC-V is intended to be integrated with other vendor ISAs on
+a shared memory system.</li><li>Want preserved program order to require same address read-read ordering</li><li>Want PPO to maintain order between dependent instructions</li><li>TriCheck compares high level language outcomes to ISA-level outcomes for a
+spectrum of legal ISA microarchitectures</li><li>The currently document RISC-V memory model lacks cumulative fences, which
+are needed for C/C++ acquire/release synchronisation</li><li>They have formulated an english language diff of the current spec with
+proposed changes, but are also working on a formal model.</li></ul><h2 id=trust-transparency-and-simplicity-eric-grosse:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Trust, transparency and simplicity: Eric Grosse</h2><ul><li>Know your adversary. Many of them might sometimes be your partner as well as
+your adversary (e.g. state actors). Notably, seems to be fairly little in the
+way of advanced corporate espionage from other companies.</li><li>Fix 1: secure communications. SSL, PGP etc</li><li>Fix 2: authentication. e.g. two-step authentication, hardware security
+devices</li><li>Fix 3: stay up to date with patches</li><li>The disclosure process in the hardware community is dramatically different
+than software. e.g. rowhammer was known to some hardware vendors well before
+the public disclosure.</li><li>Long standing practitioners&rsquo; wisdom: &ldquo;Complexity is the enemy of security&rdquo;</li><li>Modern systems aren&rsquo;t just incredibly complex, they&rsquo;re also largely
+undocumented.</li><li>A paranoid&rsquo;s choice of CPU? x86 with Qubes-OS on a NUC kit. Or Coreboot,
+u-root on Asus KGPE-D16 motherboard</li><li>For RISC-V, you have the critical advantage of openness - be sure to keep
+it. Please resist adding features lightly, or else consider removing others in
+compensation. Also consider a CHERI security extension, or tagged memory</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-foundation-update-rick-o-connor:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>RISC-V Foundation update: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Rick gives another overview of the RISC-V Foundation, and reiterates that
+RISC-V is not an open source processor core but an open ISA specification. The
+Foundation will encourage both open source and proprietary implementations</li><li>Every year at least two RISC-V Foundation board seats will be up for
+election.</li><li>It&rsquo;s likely the end of year workshop each year will be in Silicon Valley,
+and the Spring/Summer workshop will move locations around the year</li><li>The board of directors was formed in Q2 2016, and the technical and
+marketing committees were formed in Q3 2016.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-marketing-committee-update-arun-thomas:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>RISC-V Marketing Committee update: Arun Thomas</h2><ul><li>The marketing committee mission: grow RISC-V mindshare and grow the RISC-V
+community</li><li>Activities include organising RISC-V workshops and tutorials, and RISC-V
+participation at industry events</li><li>Want to help create RISC-V educational materials for industry practitioners,
+researchers, and university students</li><li>The marketing committee has several task groups: RISC-V workshops, outreach,
+RISC-V content (creating riscv.org content and educational and marketing
+materials), and member content (promoting content from RISC-V Foundation
+members)</li><li>David Patterson announces both of his textbooks will have RISC-V editions</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-technical-committee-update-yunsup-lee:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>RISC-V Technical Committee update: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>Immediate goals:<ul><li>Maintain a roadmap of the RISC-V ISA</li><li>Provide and maintain a golden simulator for the RISC-V ISA</li><li>Provide and maintain a set of verification/validation tests to ensure
+conformance</li><li>To upstream software development tools (compiler, debugger etc)</li><li>To maintain and update a list of hardware implementations of the
+architecture</li></ul></li><li>Longer term goals<ul><li>Establish processes to define and standardise future ISA extensions</li><li>Provide guidelines for platform integration</li><li>Set up program committees for future RISC-V workshops</li></ul></li><li>Task groups: opcode space management, privileged ISA specification, formal
+specification, debug specification, security, vector extensions, software
+toolchain</li><li>By Feb, debug spec will be ratified by the foundation, calling convention
+fixed and documented, ELF format fixed and documented, priv-1.10.0</li><li>By November, ratify vector extension</li><li>Formal specification task group: Formal models written in L3, BSV and in Coq</li></ul><h2 id=free-chips-project-yunsup-lee:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Free Chips Project: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>A plan to launch a not-for-profit for hosting open-source RISC-V
+implementations, tools, and code</li><li>SiFive loves open source, believes it is essential to their mission.</li><li>The rocket-chip generator has had almost 4000 commits. 40% of all commits so
+far come from SiFive</li><li>SiFive contributions to the rocket-chip repository are made under the Apache
+v2 license.</li><li>SiFive added RV32I+M/A/F support, compressed support, blocking data cache,
+and data SRAM options</li><li>SiFive will publish a TileLink specification</li><li>SiFive recently implemented a library &lsquo;Diplomacy&rsquo; for parameter negotiation.
+Also added multi-clock support, clock crossings, and asynchronous reset flops</li><li>The SiFive blocks repository contains low-speed peripherals like SPI, UART,
+PWM, GPIO, PMU. These are written in Chisel with TileLink interfaces. It also
+includes wrappers for high-speed Xilinx FPGA peripherals</li><li>The SiFive Freedom repository has submodules for rocket-chip and
+sifive-blocks and top-level SoC integration glue code</li><li>The Free Chips project has a mission to be a home for open-source codebases
+to enable faster, better, cheaper chips. It will sustain and evolve
+open-source software tools and HDL code for SoC design. It will ensure free
+and open contributions are available to all of the SoC design community. It
+will manage publicly accessible, online repositories of source code,
+documentation and issues</li></ul><h2 id=128-bit-addressing-in-risc-v-and-security-steve-wallach:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>128-bit addressing in RISC-V and security: Steve Wallach</h2><ul><li>Aim for programming generality. Might have to recompile, but don&rsquo;t want to
+have to restructure your software.</li><li>Computer virtual addresses span to local disk only, while other identifiers
+such as MACs, URLs, IPv6 are globally unique. What if one unified name
+structure could be developed?</li><li>RV128I strawman. 64-bits are used for an object ID, and the other 64 bits
+used for a byte offset.</li><li>The object ID is a software or hardware structure considered to be worthy of
+a distinct name</li><li>Protection and memory management are independent</li><li>The machine that is simplest to program wins. User cycles are more important
+than CPU cycles</li></ul><h2 id=the-challenges-of-securing-and-authenticating-embedded-devices-derek-atkins:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>The challenges of securing and authenticating embedded devices: Derek Atkins</h2><ul><li>Why not just use symmetric encryption e.g. AES to secure your devices? It&rsquo;s
+hard to deploy and it doesn&rsquo;t scale (either have one key for many devices or a
+database of a huge number of keys)</li><li>Why do people think public key won&rsquo;t work? They think it&rsquo;s too big, too
+slow, or too power hungry.</li><li>Many of these beliefs are true, e.g. ECC execution time on Cortex-M ARM
+cores is 233-1089ms. Implementations range in 8-30KB of ROM and require
+800-3000B of RAM. Hardware implementations are faster, but take a lot of
+gates. RSA and Diffie-Hellman are larger and take longer</li><li>Fundamentally these overheads are there because a large number of 4086 bit
+numbers are multiplied</li><li>Group theoretic cryptography (GTC) offers a potential answer. Complexity
+scales linearly with security instead of quadratically like RSA, ECC etc</li><li>GTC can work with just 6-8 bit math</li><li>The Ironwood Key Agreement Protocol enables two endpoints to generated a
+shared secret over an open channel. The Walnut digital signature algorithm
+allows one device to generate a document that is verified by another.</li><li>When comparing WalnutDSA on a Rocket core, it compared very favourable to
+microECC. 4.9ms run-time vs 2110ms (458ms with multiply/divide).</li><li>WaltnutDSA written in RISC-V assembly achieved a 3.0ms run time</li><li>The C implementation currently runs faster on the ARM Cortex-M3</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-with-sanctum-enclaves-ilia-lebedev:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>RISC-V with Sanctum Enclaves: Ilia Lebedev</h2><ul><li>Today privilege implies trust (e.g. a hypervisor is privileged and so must
+be trusted). Sanctum decouples hardware protection from trust</li><li>Sanctum uses hardware-assisted isolation, offering strong privacy and
+integrity with low overhead</li><li>In remote software attestation, a trusted remote piece of hardware might
+measure (hash) and sign the software that is running. The remote user can then
+decides where to trust the certificate or not. Claim that prior work included
+too much software in their attestation</li><li>Intel recently introduced SGX, which allowed a process to be placed in an
+enclave. It aims to protect privacy and integrity of an enclave against a
+privileged software adversary. It also protects against some physical attacks,
+or instance by encrypting DRAM contents</li><li>There have been a number of side channel attacks demonstrated against SGX.<br>e.g. dirty bits on page tables, or cache timing attacks</li><li>Sanctum aims to protect against indirect tacks (such as cache timing
+attacks) as well as the direct attacks covered by SGX. It does not protect
+against physical access or fault injection</li><li>With Sanctum, the device manufacturer acts as a certificate authority</li><li>Sanctum has a small software TCB, a ~5KLoC machine-mode security monitor</li><li>The reference Sanctum implementation was built on the Rocket RISC-V
+implementation</li><li>Enclaves execute on private cores. i.e. it will never share L1 caches,
+register, branch target buffer, TLB</li><li>Sanctum also isolates physical memory. DRAM regions are defined, which are
+non-overlapping regions of memory assigned to certain enclaves</li><li>To isolate enclaves in the last level cache, allocate exclusively at a
+region granularity (see the slides and/or the Sanctum paper for a description
+of exactly how this works)</li><li>To provide hardware-assisted isolation, always maintain the invariant that
+entries in the TLB are safe and necessary invariants were checked while
+performing the page walk</li><li>Very small hardware overhead (50 gates for LLC address rotation, 600 gates
+for DMA whitelist). Roughly 2% area increase in total. Roughly 6% performance
+overhead in measurements</li></ul><h2 id=joined-up-debugging-and-analysis-in-the-risc-v-world-gajinder-panesar:334e492837433aa22dc2ab9c4c93259b>Joined up debugging and analysis in the RISC-V world: Gajinder Panesar</h2><ul><li>Need a vendor-neutral debug infrastructure, enabling access to different
+proprietary debug schemes used today by various cores</li><li>Need monitors into interconnects, interfaces, and custom logic which are
+run-time configurable with support for cross-triggering</li><li>UltraSoC provides silicon IP and tools for on-chip debug</li><li>As an example, consider a software-defined radio chip. Might want to track
+CPU cycles spent on compute vs cache stalls. Or you might track utilised DDR
+bandwidth over time.</li><li>UltraSoC monitors are non-intrusive by default</li><li>Has a portfolio of 30 modules. e.g. bus monitors, communications</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 30, 2016</time></address><p>Today is the second day of the <a href=https://riscv.org/2016/10/5th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>fifth RISC-V
+workshop</a>. I&rsquo;ll be
+keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=opensoc-system-architect-farzad-fatollahi-fard:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard</h2><ul><li>Current architectures are wasteful. Only a small fraction of chip area goes
+to computation.</li><li>For both GoblinCore and OpenHPC, ended up doing a lot of similar work to
+achieve only a point design. Why not make a generator to avoid repeating the
+same steps?</li><li>OpenSoC System Architect is a combination of multiple tools to form a
+well-defined development flow for complex RISC-V SoCs</li><li>Supports standard RISC-V modules and custom extensions</li><li>It outputs pre-verified Chisel for the SoC, synthesisable Verilog, and an
+LLVM compiler for the SoC</li><li>OpenSoC Fabric is an open-source, flexible, parameterised NoC generator. It
+integrates with a wide variety of existing processors, as well as IO devices.</li><li>Created a &lsquo;CoreGen&rsquo; IR. It allows automatic generation of HDL
+representations of the SoC and build LLVM compiler backend implementations of
+the SoC and any extensions.</li><li>The IR is stored on disk in well-formed XML</li><li>What&rsquo;s next? Better support for Chisel3, more integration with existing
+RISC-V tools and environment, frontend support to import existing
+Chisel/Verilog/SystemVerilog. Also want CoreGen as a standalone IR</li><li>See the website at <a href=http://www.opensoc.community/>http://www.opensoc.community/</a></li></ul><h2 id=v-vector-extension-proposal-krste-asanovic:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>V Vector Extension Proposal: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>The vector extension intends to scale to all reasonable design points
+(low-cost microcontroller or high-performance supercomputer). Support both
+implicit auto-vectorisation and explicit SPMD</li><li>Fit into the 32-bit encoding space, but be a base for future vector
+extensions (e.g. crypto algorithms)</li><li>The goal is to ratify a proposal 12 months from now, at the 7th workshop</li><li>Cray-style vectors. &ldquo;The right way&rdquo; to exploit SIMD parallelism (as opposed
+to the wrong way: GPUs or packed SIMD)</li><li>V has an implementation-dependent vector length, meaning the same code runs
+across different hardware without recompiling</li><li>Each vector data register is configured with a width and type, or disabled.
+There are also a configurable number of predicate registers. The maximum
+vector length is a function of configuration, physical register storage, and
+microarchitecture</li><li>There are a number of mandatory supported types. e.g. an RV32IF system must
+support X8, X16, X32, F16, F32. This means that scalar and vector half
+precision floating point is a requirement if you are supporting floating
+point.</li><li>Each vector data register has a 4-bit field in a CSR (or multiple CSRs)
+indicating its width, and another for its type.</li><li>A vcfgd CSR alias is defined to allow faster writes of common vector data
+configurations.</li><li>Most user code would use the setvl instruction (which is actually setting a
+CSR).</li><li>A 16-bit+32-bit vector addition is pleasingly straight forward to specify in
+assembly</li><li>The architecture guarantees a minimum vector length of four regardless of
+configuration. This means 1KB SRAM is required as a minimum</li><li>A polymorphic instruction encoding is used. A single signed integer ADD
+opcode works on different size inputs and outputs, depending on the
+configuration of its inputs.</li><li>There is support for vector atomics (e.g. vector fetch-and-add).</li><li>For vector function calls (e.g. in auto-vectorised code) you want to make
+vector calls to a function library with separate vector calling convention.
+The caller has to allocate registers for the callee to use. It sets the
+maximum width, allowing the callee to change the vctype as needed.</li><li>For OpenCL/CUDA/SPMD, the configuration must be set at kernel launch to the
+maximum width used anywhere in the call tree. It needs a general vector
+function call capability with standard callee/caller save protocol</li><li>Krste argues autovectorisation is much preferable to OpenCL or CUDA.</li><li>Question: are you interested in smaller types (e.g. 4-bit). Answer: yes,
+also interested in non-power-of-two types</li><li>Question about the calling convention: the vector configuration state is
+assumed to be caller-saved (including the vector register file), meaning the
+scalar ABI is unmodified</li></ul><h2 id=towards-thousand-core-risc-v-shared-memory-systems-quan-nguyen:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Towards Thousand-Core RISC-V Shared Memory Systems: Quan Nguyen</h2><ul><li>Tardis is a new cache coherency protocol with greater scalability than
+traditional directory coherence protocols.</li><li>Tardis enforces consistency through timestamps, using logical leases</li><li>It only tracks the exclusive owner of any particular cache line, requiring
+only O(log N) storage. No broadcast invalidations, and timestamps aren&rsquo;t tied
+to the core count. There is no need for synchronised real-time clocks</li><li>They are building a thousand-core prototype. Fit as many cores as possible
+on a ZC706 FPGA, the connect in a 3D mesh to demonstrate at scale.</li><li>Want to adapt Tardis for release consistency (rather than sequential
+consistency), and Quan introduces how they have started to do this by
+introducing new timestamps</li></ul><h2 id=scrx-a-family-of-state-of-the-art-risc-v-synthesizable-cores-alexander-redkin:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>SCRx: a family of state-of-the art RISC-V synthesizable cores: Alexander Redkin</h2><ul><li>Syntacore develops and licenses energy-efficient programmable cores
+implementing the RISC-V ISA</li><li>SCRx is the family of RISC-V implementations, now available for evaluation.
+Each core can be extended and customised</li><li>The smallest core, SCR1 is less than 20kgates in a basic untethered
+configuration.</li><li>SCR3 is a high-performance MCU core with up to 1.7DMIPS/MHz,
+3.16CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>SCR4 is an MCU core with a high-performance FPU.</li><li>SCR5 is an efficient mid-range embedded core. Full MMU with Linux support.
+1GHz+ at 28nm, and 1.5+DMIPS/MHz per core.</li><li>In the near term, want to support the latest privileged spec, adding trace
+debug</li></ul><h2 id=enabling-hardware-software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm-alex-bradbury:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Enabling hardware/software co-design with RISC-V and LLVM: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>I&rsquo;ll try and write something up for the blog later, but for now see my
+slides
+<a href=https://speakerdeck.com/asb/software-co-design-with-risc-v-and-llvm>here</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=vm-threads-an-alternative-model-for-virtual-machines-on-risc-vm-ron-minnich:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>VM threads: an alternative model for virtual machines on RISC-VM: Ron Minnich</h2><ul><li>Akaros is a research kernel originally from UC Berkeley.</li><li>One core idea is the &lsquo;multi core process&rsquo;. This can be thought of as a set
+of cores assigned an entity to a program.</li><li>How do VMs fit into the Akaros model. A VM could be kind of a process.</li><li>Look back at how we start a process. With the introduction of fork(), it
+became easy and clean. But its introduction was controversial.</li><li>Virtualisation on Linux/BSD/Unix requires a device (e.g. /dev/kvm). This
+typically requires daemons who are used to interact with the device. In
+Akaros, they did not want to recreate this.</li><li>Can we just run a virtual machine like we do a thread? Introduce
+<code>vthread_create</code>. In Akaros, they have extended the thread model to include
+virtual machine threads.</li><li>Virtual machine threads (vthreads) can run Linux 4.8 (with 12 lines of
+patches) and any code that shares the host ring 3 address space.</li><li>Ring 3 and Ring V share and address space. Ring V is limited to 2^46 bytes,
+while ring 3 is in a 2^47 byte address space.</li><li>VM threads are integrated tightly into the kernel.</li><li>On x86, Akaros pairs page table roots and page table pages. Page table pages
+are 2x4k pages, with the process PTP in the lower 4K and the VM PTP in the
+upper 4K. This makes it trivial to convert the two.</li><li>It is significantly easier to write virtual machine managers in Akaros than
+with the Linux model</li><li>Akaros VMS are unlike any other VMs - threads can easily switch from being a
+VM to being a host thread</li><li>Kernels also look like threads, and spinning up a core looks like CPU
+hotplug, accomplished by spinning up a vthread with IP at the 64-bit entry
+point.</li><li>There are a variety of implications and questions for RISC-V. How will
+RISC-V handle nested paging? Can we avoid massive shadow state. How about
+injecting interrupts without a vmexit?</li><li>RISC-V is a chance to enable software innovation. We shouldn&rsquo;t get locked
+into &ldquo;but we&rsquo;ve always done it this way&rdquo;.</li></ul><h2 id=enabling-low-power-smartphone-like-graphical-uis-for-risc-v-socs-michael-gielda:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Enabling low-power, smartphone-like graphical UIs for RISC-V SoCs: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Industrial/embedded UIs mostly look bad, but also have terribly user
+experience</li><li>For better UIs you mostly have to jump to Android or Linux - there&rsquo;s a lack
+of a middle ground</li><li>For a previous project, produced a mobile-like GUI experience targeting an
+MCU (STM32F4).</li><li>With the right approach and tools, embedded GUIs can be beautiful too</li><li>Their library was written in C++, with support for layers+formats. It has
+its own font engine for kerning, anti-aliasing etc.</li><li>The GUI is specified in XML and has its own minimal CSS</li><li>Initially developed for eCos RTOS, and has an initial port for FreeRTOS. Can
+also run on Linux.</li><li>To prototype on a Zynq, implemented &lsquo;micro blender&rsquo; for blending, filling,
+scaling etc. This was written in Chisel.</li><li>Software-driven IP (silicon) is possible (and advisable!)</li></ul><h2 id=a-fast-instruction-set-simulator-for-risc-v-maxim-maslov:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>A Fast Instruction Set Simulator for RISC-V: Maxim Maslov</h2><ul><li>Esperanto is a stealth mode startup designing chips with RISC-V</li><li>Wanted a fast RISC-V ISA simulator capable of running large applications
+with minimal slowdown</li><li>[Sorry folks, I had to duck out for a quick discussion - see the
+<a href=https://riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Wed1330-Fast-ISA-Simulator-for-RISC-V-Maslov-Esperanto.pdf>slides</a>]</li></ul><h2 id=go-on-rv64g-benjamin-barenblat-and-michael-pratt:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Go on RV64G: Benjamin Barenblat and Michael Pratt</h2><ul><li>Why RISC-V? Better architecture, lower power, faster processing, easier
+accelerator development. RISC-V is not going away</li><li>The Go toolchain is complex. It has its own compiler, assembler (and
+assembly language), and linker</li><li>Getting close, but the runtime doesn&rsquo;t quite compile. Hope to get it working
+in the next few months.</li><li>In the mean time, relatively simple go programs will compile and run</li><li>It&rsquo;s been mostly good. One pain-point has been that other Go ports don&rsquo;t
+target architectures with good conditional branches so had to emulate a flag
+register. Another gripe is that loading 64-bit constants is a pain.</li><li>Within a couple of months you should be able to compile real Go programs and
+have them run on RISC-V</li></ul><h2 id=a-java-virtual-machine-for-risc-v-porting-the-jikes-rvm-martin-maas:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>A Java Virtual Machine for RISC-V: Porting the Jikes RVM: Martin Maas</h2><ul><li>Why do a JVM port? Both to run interesting applications, and for research
+(e.g. hardware support for GCed languages)</li><li>Porting OpenJDK/Hotspot for high performance, and the Jikes research VM for
+academic work. This talk will focus on Jikes</li><li>Jikes is itself written in Java</li><li>JVMs have a large number of dependencies, so use the riscv-poky Linux
+distribution generator to build a cross-compiled SDK and Linux image.</li><li>While developing, add assertions everywhere to fail as early as possible</li><li>Allowed the JIT to selectively emit instructions that dump trace output</li><li>Booting JikesRVM is no easy task (there a <em>lot</em> to do in order to get to
+hello world)</li><li>The non-optimising JIT compiler is mostly feature-complete. Passes <sup>65</sup>&frasl;<sub>68</sub>
+core tests. Targets RV64G</li></ul><h2 id=yopuzzle-an-open-v-development-platform-the-next-generation-elkim-roa:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>YoPuzzle - an Open-V development platform the next generation: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>&lsquo;Open source&rsquo; hardware. Raspberry Pi have sold 10 million boards, Arduino
+sold 4.5 million boards (estimated). Some predictions indicate the market will
+be worth over $1B within the next four years. These are based on commercial,
+closed-source silicon</li><li>OnChip UIS have developed an open 32-bit RISC-V based microcontroller. To
+test the initial silicon, used chip-on-board</li><li>RV32IM with a 3-stage pipeline. On TSMC 130nm GP. Die area 2.1mm x 2.1mm.</li><li>The Microprocessor core is 0.12mm2, max freq 200MHz, core voltage 1.2V, core
+dynamic power at 100MHz is 167uW/MHz (all peripheral clocks disabled)</li><li>Arduino is mostly aimed at children in secondary schools. But what about
+1-10 year olds?</li><li>The Open-V microcontroller is up on crowdsupply, trying to raise funds to
+produce 70k chips. Aim to do the second tapeout in Q1 2017, and produce puzzle
+boards in Q2 2018.</li><li>Elkim showed a neat live demo of the OnChip prototype along with a
+browser-based programming environment</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-community-needs-peripheral-cores-elkim-roa:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>The RISC-V community needs peripheral cores: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>It&rsquo;s good to have an open ISA, but what about the peripherals? e.g. PHYs,
+bus IP, clocking circuitry, GPIO</li><li>Open hardware would translate into quality (Linux) drivers</li><li>There is no standard for GPIO. Want to have standard features (e.g.
+switching speed, current drive) with a standard interface.</li><li>The OnChip peripherals use AMBA buses</li><li>Have a synthesizable CDR and PLL</li><li>Are working on USB 3.1 gen 2, including the analog frontend.</li><li>Have also been working on &lsquo;chipscope&rsquo; and offset correction</li><li>Also working on LPDDR3. PCS is done, working on UVM IP</li><li>Have a fully synthesised true-random noise generator, and working on NVRAM
+on CMOS</li><li>Suggestion: have a common listing of recommended IP (e.g. SPI, I2C, USB PHY
+etc).</li></ul><h2 id=sub-microsecond-adaptive-voltage-scaling-in-a-28nm-risc-v-socs-ben-keller:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Sub-microsecond Adaptive Voltage Scaling in a 28nm RISC-V SoCs: Ben Keller</h2><ul><li>Energy efficiency is critical in mobile applications</li><li>Faster adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) saves more energy, especially for
+bursty workloads</li><li>State of the art SoCs cannot achieve fine-grained AVS because they use
+off-chip regulators</li><li>Integrate switch-cap regulators entirely on-die.</li><li>Need adaptive clock generation</li><li>The tape-out (~2 years ago) featured a version of Rocket. 16K I$, 32K D$, no
+L2. It also feature a version of Hwacha</li><li>Use a Z-scale core for the power management unit</li><li>Taped out in 28nm FD-SOI. Die area 3.03mm2, with the core area 1.07mm2. 568K
+standard cells</li><li>Achieved 41.8 DP GFLOPS/W</li><li>Body bias can be tuned to optimise efficiency for different workloads</li><li>Integrated voltage regulation provided 82-89% system efficiency with
+adaptive clocking</li><li>Sub-microsecond adaptive voltage scaling provided up to 40% energy savings
+with negligible performance loss</li><li>Will now talk about the Berkeley interpretation of &lsquo;agile&rsquo; hardware
+development. See &ldquo;An Agile Approach to Building RISC-V Microprocessors&rdquo;, MICRO
+2016.</li><li>&lsquo;Tape-ins&rsquo; before &lsquo;tape-outs&rsquo;. Sprint to an initial design that is
+feature-incomplete but functional, put it through the tools etc and shake out
+the issues with the VLSI flow. Then iteratively add features.</li><li>There have been 13 Berkeley RISC-V tapeouts in the last 5 years</li></ul><h2 id=reprogrammable-redundancy-for-cache-vmin-reduction-in-a-28nm-risc-v-processor-brian-zimmer:c60873543b044ca1c3e9e6e19a922c73>Reprogrammable Redundancy for Cache Vmin Reduction in a 28nm RISC-V Processor: Brian Zimmer</h2><ul><li>Voltage scaling is effective in reducing energy consumption, and SRAM limits
+the minimum operating voltage</li><li>Instead of preventing errors, tolerate errors. A significant reduction in
+the minimum voltage is possibly by tolerating 1000s of errors per MB of SRAM</li><li>There&rsquo;s been lots of work on the circuit-level for preventing errors, and at
+the architectural level for tolerating errors</li><li>Goal for the chip is to prove that SRAM Vmin can be effectively lowered by
+tolerating a reasonable number of failing bitcells</li><li>Built on Rocket and modified caches to add reprogrammable redundancy, ECC,
+and BIST</li><li>Implemented three techniques: dynamic column redundancy (avoid single-bit
+errors in data SRAM), line disable (avoid <code>&gt;=</code> 2 bit errors in data SRAM), and
+bit bypass (avoid all errors in tag SRAM)</li><li>The system architecture involves three voltage domains. One for the uncore,
+one for the core, and another for the L2 cache</li><li>Reprogrammable redundancy is fairly straight-forward to add to the L1, but
+ECC is more difficult. The ECC decoding is pipelined. If an error is detected,
+the operation is recycled</li><li>There is a 2% area overhead for the L2.</li><li>Fabricated prototype is TSMC 28nm HPM.</li><li>The proposed techniques achieve 25% average Vmin reduction (and 49% power
+reduction) in the L2 for a 2% area overhead</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html b/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Q&#43;A &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Q&#43;A</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 9, 2016</time></address><p>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to
+Hacker News. The <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13129076">comment
+thread</a> became something of an
+impromptu Q+A about our project direction and status. I thought it was worth
+linking to it here and highlighting the discussion for a wider audience. If
+you have any additional questions, then feel free to comment on this blog post
+or else, as always, drop by our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/>mailing list</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html b/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/index.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>February 1, 2017</time></address><p>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes
+place at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. However, we&rsquo;re far
+from the only open source hardware activity at the University. Our colleagues
+on the NetFPGA project have an open source design challenge that many readers
+of this blog might be interested in. See the <a href=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netfpga/challenge2017/>design challenge
+website</a>, or read
+below for more details:</p><pre><code>We are pleased to announce the 2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge!
+
+NetFPGA platforms are used by the networked systems community for close to 
+a decade. The platforms enable researchers and instructors to build 
+high-speed, hardware-accelerated networking systems. The platforms can be used 
+by researchers to prototype advanced services for next-generation networked 
+systems. By using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), NetFPGA enables new 
+types of packet routing circuits to be implemented and detailed measurements 
+of network traffic to be obtained.
+
+The NetFPGA 2017 contest is a design challenge. The design teams are to 
+produce a working implementation employing any HW and SW design methodology 
+and targeting the NetFPGA SUME platform. The deadline for submissions is April 
+13th, 2017. The winners will be announced at the NetFPGA Developers Summit 
+(Thursday 20th - Friday, 21st April, 2017 Cambridge, UK).
+
+Challenge: Lowest Latency Switch
+
+Low latency devices are being increasingly used across a large number of 
+applications. Low latency solutions are few, and are rarely open source. The 
+goal of this challenge is to provide a usable, high performance, open source 
+alternative to use by universities and organizations who need the flexibility 
+of open source.  The systems will be evaluated using OSNT, an Open Source 
+Network Tester. Test benches will be available online, for users to experiment 
+and independently evaluate their design. The competition is open to students 
+of all levels (undergraduate and postgraduate), as well as to non students. 
+There is no need to own a NetFPGA SUME platform to take part in the 
+competition although, clearly, development and testing will be made easier if 
+you have access to this platform.  
+
+Team Prizes:
+First place: £500
+Best students project: £500
+
+The winning projects and runner ups will be invited to present their work 
+at the NetFPGA Developers Summit 2017.  All challenge participants are keenly 
+encouraged to attend the NetFPGA Developers Summit and are entitled to a 
+reduced registration rate.
+
+The design challenge prizes are generously 
+supported by IMC http://www.imc.nl/
+</code></pre></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html b/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/index.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Apply now for GSoC 2017 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Apply now for GSoC 2017</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>March 27, 2017</time></address><p>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring
+organisation in the <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of
+Code</a>, now for the third year running.
+If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during
+the summer, then take a look at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2017-ideas/>the lowRISC ideas
+list</a> and
+<a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/organizations/6271463900315648/>apply</a>.
+The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in
+ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them <a href=https://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>on our
+discussion
+list</a>
+for feedback before making a proposal.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html b/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 9, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>lowRISC 0.4 milestone release</a>
+is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>accompanying
+documentation</a>, but in summary this
+release:</p><ul><li>Moves forward our support for tagged memory by re-integrating the tag cache,
+reducing overhead with a <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_cache/>hierarchical scheme</a>.
+This will significantly reduce caches misses caused by tagged memory accesses
+where tags are distributed sparsely.</li><li>Integrates support for specifying and configuring <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/tag_core/>tag propagation and
+exception behaviour</a>.</li><li>A <a href=http://www.pulp-platform.org/>PULPino</a> based &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; has been
+integrated, and is used to provide peripherals such as the SD card
+interface, keyboard, and VGA tex display (when using the Nexys4 DDR FPGA
+development board).</li></ul><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
+repository</a>, or discuss on our
+<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing list</a>. As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html b/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/index.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 5, 2017</time></address><p>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain.
+You might use the build system from the
+<a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-tools>riscv/riscv-tools repository</a>, or
+investigate toolchain generators such as
+<a href=http://crosstool-ng.github.io/>crosstool-ng</a>. However in the case of
+riscv-tools, it&rsquo;s not always clear how this corresponds to the code in the
+relevant upstream projects. When investigating a potential bug, you often just
+want to build the latest upstream code with as little fuss as possible. For
+distribution purposes you&rsquo;d probably want to perform a proper multi-stage
+build, but for a quick test you might find the following recipe useful:</p><pre><code>git clone --depth=1 git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git gcc
+git clone --depth=1 git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git
+git clone --depth=1 git://sourceware.org/git/newlib-cygwin.git
+mkdir combined
+cd combined
+ln -s ../newlib-cygwin/* .
+ln --force -s ../binutils-gdb/* .
+ln --force -s ../gcc/* .
+mkdir build
+cd build
+../configure --target=riscv32-unknown-elf --enable-languages=c \
+--disable-shared --disable-threads --disable-multilib --disable-gdb \
+--disable-libssp --with-newlib \
+--with-arch=rv32ima --with-abi=ilp32 --prefix=$(pwd)/built
+make -j$(nproc)
+make install
+</code></pre><p>This will produce a newlib toolchain targeting RV32IMA in the <code>built/</code>
+subdirectory. When files are duplicated in the newlib, binutils and gcc
+repositories, the gcc version takes precedence.</p><p>Major credit to everyone who worked on getting these toolchain
+ports upstream (Kito Cheng, Palmer Dabbelt, and others).</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html b/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..983220b9
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 19, 2017</time></address><p>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC
+team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as an intern.
+Katherine&rsquo;s focus was on operating system and software enabled for lowRISC&rsquo;s
+tagged memory, building upon our
+<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/minion-v0.4/>most recent milestone release</a>.
+As Katherine&rsquo;s <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/>detailed write-up</a> demonstrates,
+it&rsquo;s been a very productive summer.</p><p>The goal of this internship was to take the lowRISC hardware release, and
+demonstrate kernel support and software support for the hardware tagged memory
+primitives. This includes support for context-switch of the <code>tagctrl</code> register
+used to configure tag rules, maintaining tags in pages upon copy-on-write,
+delivering tag exceptions to user space, loading tags from ELF binaries, and
+more. It culminated in a demonstration that pulls these various pieces of work
+together, showing how tagged memory can be used to mark valid branch targets.
+Read the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/tagged-memory-os-enablement-internship-2017/>report</a> for full
+details.</p><p>We believe there is a rich design space in hardware support for tagged memory
+and tag-based software policies. This operating system enablement work is an
+important part of exploring that space, and in making it easier for other
+groups to do the same.</p><p>If working on problems like this sounds interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news
+- <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/><strong>we&rsquo;re hiring</strong></a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury and Katherine Lim</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html b/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 27, 2017</time></address><p>A high quality, upstream RISC-V backend for LLVM is perhaps the most
+frequently requested missing piece of the RISC-V software ecosystem. This
+blog post provides an update on the rapid progress we&rsquo;ve been making towards
+that goal, outlines next steps and upcoming events, and tries to better
+explain the approach that we&rsquo;re taking.
+As always, you
+can track status <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/llvm/status/>here</a> and find the code
+<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm>here</a>.</p><h2 id=status:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Status</h2><p>I&rsquo;ve been able to make substantial progress since the <a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-August/116709.html>last
+update</a>.</p><h3 id=rv32:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>RV32</h3><p>100% of the GCC torture suite passes for RV32I at -O0, -O1, -O2, -O3, and -Os
+(after masking gcc-only tests). MC-layer (assembler) support for RV32IMAFD has
+now been implemented, as well as code generation for RV32IM.</p><h3 id=rv64:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>RV64</h3><p>This is the biggest change versus my last update. LLVM recently gained support
+for parameterising backends by register size, which allows code duplication to
+be massively reduced for architectures like RISC-V. As planned, I&rsquo;ve gone
+ahead and implemented RV64I MC-layer and code generation support making use of
+this feature. I&rsquo;m happy to report that 100% of the GCC torture suite passes
+for RV64I at O1, O2, O3 and Os (and there&rsquo;s a single compilation failure at
+O0). I&rsquo;m very grateful for Krzysztof Parzyszek&rsquo;s (QUIC) work on variable-sized
+register classes, which has made it possible to parameterise the backend on
+XLEN in this way. That LLVM feature was actually motivated by requirements of
+the Hexagon architecture - I think this is a great example of how we can all
+benefit by contributing upstream to projects, even across different ISAs.</p><h3 id=other-activities:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Other activities</h3><ul><li>Community members Luís Marques and David Craven have been experimenting with
+D and Rust support respectively.</li><li>Andes Technology have started working to contribute to this effort, and are
+putting together patches for compressed instruction set support. This is a
+really positive move and I hope others will follow their lead.</li></ul><h3 id=development-stats:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Development stats</h3><ul><li>The &lsquo;reference&rsquo; <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm>patch queue</a> consists
+of 48 patches, modifying 128 files and inserting over 11500 lines to the LLVM
+and Clang codebases. Close to 50% of these lines are new tests.</li><li>Other activities:<ul><li>8 committed patches to LLVM in areas other than lib/Target/RISCV
+(cleanups, support code, documentation improvements, bug fixes) with 5 more
+making their way through the review process.</li><li>2 GCC/binutils bugs reported</li><li>RISC-V <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-elf-psabi-doc/blob/master/riscv-elf.md>psABI
+doc</a>:
+Authored 7 merged commits, 13 issues filed.</li></ul></li></ul><p>I&rsquo;d like to thank <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm#credits>everyone</a>
+who has contributed code review, feedback, or suggestions so far, as well as
+our industrial sponsor.</p><h2 id=approach-and-philosophy:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Approach and philosophy</h2><p>As enthusiastic supporters of RISC-V, I think we all want to see a huge range
+of RISC-V core implementations, making different trade-offs or targeting
+different classes of applications. But we <em>don&rsquo;t</em> want to see that variety in
+the RISC-V ecosystem result in dozens of different vendor-specific compiler
+toolchains and a fractured software ecosystem. Unfortunately most work on LLVM
+for RISC-V has been invested in private/proprietary code bases or short-term
+prototypes. The work described in this post has been performed out in the open
+from the start, with a strong focus on code quality, testing, and on moving
+development upstream as quickly as possible - i.e. a solution for the long term.</p><p>My implementation approach has been to first work towards a cleanly designed
+and well tested RV32I baseline compiler. Once the fundamentals are solid, it
+is <em>significantly</em> easier to add in new features, optimisations, or indeed
+customisations for different RISC-V variants. This careful approach has
+enabled the rapid progress of the past few weeks. I would summarise this
+approach as:</p><ol><li>Ensuring (to the extent possible) that correct code is always generated for
+a simple RV32I baseline</li><li>Expand that baseline to support more RISC-V ISA variants (RV{32,64}IMA and
+later FD)</li><li>Push forwards on optimisations (generated code quality) and compiler
+feature support. Part of this work is moving to larger scale test programs and
+benchmarks in order to maintain confidence about the correctness of generated
+code.</li></ol><p>This project is currently in the process of moving from point 2) to point 3)
+on the list above. As it stands, you will benefit from LLVM&rsquo;s many middle-end
+optimisations, but the final code generation stage has seen little work
+focused on the performance of generated code. With a high quality base now in
+place, adding these optimisations can be done relatively easily.</p><p>If you want to see first-class support for RISC-V in LLVM, now is the time to
+get involved and help make it happen.</p><h2 id=roadmap-and-upcoming-events:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Roadmap and upcoming events</h2><p>My aim is to have Clang and LLVM developed to serve as a competitive
+alternative to GCC on RISC-V by the end of the calendar year. If the RISC-V
+community works together, this is an achievable goal.</p><p>My near-term goals are:</p><ul><li>Expand testing for RV64. There are rather few RV64 unit tests right now
+because parameterising the backend by XLEN mostly &ldquo;just worked&rdquo;.</li><li>Go through the implementation again (particularly recently added code) to
+look for further cleanup or refactoring opportunities, then propose to merge
+it upstream.</li><li>Once I&rsquo;m happy with the implementation approach for the most recently added
+features, move the 5.0-based
+<a href=http://github.com/lowrisc/riscv-llvm-integration>riscv-llvm-integration</a>
+tree forwards.</li><li>Review patches from contributors such as Andes and help to support language
+port efforts.</li></ul><p>Focus areas after that include:</p><ul><li>Clang toolchain driver, MAFD codegen and ABI support</li><li>Benchmarking vs RISC-V GCC and generated code quality improvements</li><li>Documentation, expanded test cases, and improved compiler testing tooling</li></ul><p>I&rsquo;ve mapped out a number of TODO items
+<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/riscv-llvm/issues>here</a>.</p><p>I&rsquo;m pleased to report that my proposal for a RISC-V &ldquo;birds of a feather&rdquo;
+session at the <a href=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2017-10/#bof4>upcoming LLVM Dev
+Meeting</a> (Oct 18th) was accepted. You
+should definitely attend this event if you are an LLVM developer working on an
+out-of-tree RISC-V backends or are looking to get involved (representatives
+from several companies in that position are already confirmed as attending).
+We&rsquo;re also looking to run a longer working/hacking session the day before, at
+a San Jose location. More details on both events will be circulated shortly.</p><h2 id=faq:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>FAQ</h2><h3 id=do-you-care-about-performance-of-generated-code-and-code-size:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Do you care about performance of generated code and code size?</h3><p>Like any compiler developer, of course. Starting with a solid and well tested
+base is the best way of achieving those aims. We&rsquo;re now in a position where we
+can push forwards on these fronts, which will will soon become a primary focus
+of this development effort.</p><h3 id=i-have-a-risc-v-llvm-fork-which-works-for-me-why-should-i-care-about-an-upstream-backend:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>I have a RISC-V LLVM fork which works for me, why should I care about an upstream backend?</h3><p>This is ultimately a question about long-term maintenance and sharing the
+support burden with others in the RISC-V ecosystem. By working together and
+pooling our development efforts, we can unlock the benefits of the open source
+approach. Contributing to this effort is almost definitely the right long-term
+choice for your project. If you want to discuss how to contribute, please drop
+me an email or come along to the upcoming birds of a feather session.</p><h3 id=what-is-the-difference-between-this-and-other-risc-v-llvm-efforts:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>What is the difference between this and other RISC-V LLVM efforts?</h3><p>This effort is focused on high code quality, long term maintainability, and in
+getting development merged in to upstream LLVM. Andes have recently released a
+private development tree to the public. That tree was was based on an early
+version of the lowRISC patchset, but diverged significantly in terms of
+implementation approach. Andes are now working to submit patches to this
+effort.</p><h3 id=who-are-you:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Who are you?</h3><p>I (Alex Bradbury) am a co-founder and director of lowRISC CIC, where this
+development work has been taking place. I have been developing LLVM backends
+for the past seven years, and am now upstream code owner for the RISC-V
+backend. If you&rsquo;re interested in LLVM, you are hopefully already familiar with
+my <a href=http://llvmweekly.org/>LLVM Weekly</a> newsletter.</p><h3 id=why-is-lowrisc-interested-in-llvm:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Why is lowRISC interested in LLVM?</h3><p>lowRISC is a not-for-profit created to push forward open source hardware by
+developing a secure, open, and flexible SoC design. Enabling custom hardware
+and derivative designs is about much more than shipping RTL with an open
+source license - hardware is of little use without the software infrastructure
+in place to support it. A high quality and easy to modify LLVM backend is
+important for potential lowRISC adopters, but also benefits our own hardware
+development efforts. Specifically, we will be building the software component
+of our tagged memory mechanisms on top of LLVM. If our mission sounds
+interesting to you, there&rsquo;s good news - <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>we&rsquo;re
+hiring</a>.</p><h3 id=who-do-i-contact-to-discuss-further-sponsoring-this-effort:87a05431c5b53759cb962273af5a6e97>Who do I contact to discuss further sponsoring this effort?</h3><p>If your company would like to see lowRISC&rsquo;s work on RISC-V LLVM be sustained
+or expanded through 2018, then contributing development time and/or
+sponsorship is the best way to do this. Please contact asb@lowrisc.org to
+discuss further.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2021637c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 18, 2017</time></address><p>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and
+help make our vision for an open source, secure, and flexible SoC a reality.
+<a href=https://lowrisc.workable.com/j/DBAC61322F>Apply now</a>!</p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote
+and support the use of open-source hardware. The lowRISC project was
+established in 2014 with the aim of bringing the benefits of open-source to
+the hardware world. It is working to do this by producing a high quality,
+secure, open, and flexible System-on-Chip (SoC) platform. lowRISC C.I.C. also
+provides hardware and software services to support the growing RISC-V
+ecosystem. Our expertise includes the LLVM Compiler, hardware security
+extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and processor design.</p><p>The successful candidate will be interested in computer architecture and
+hardware design. The primary focus of the role will be the development of the
+lowRISC SoC platform, which will involve work to evaluate and extend our
+current design including our general-purpose tagged-memory system. lowRISC is
+an ambitious project with a small core team, so you will be heavily involved
+in the project&rsquo;s development direction. This role will involve frequent work
+with external contributors and collaborators. While much of the work will be
+at the hardware level the post will offer experience of the full
+hardware/software stack, higher-level simulation tools and architectural
+design issues.</p><p>Some practical experience of hardware design with a HDL such as
+Verilog/SystemVerilog is essential, as is a good knowledge of the HW/SW stack.
+Ideally, candidates will also have experience or demonstrated interest in some
+of: SoC design, large-scale open source development, hardware or software
+security, technical documentation, board support package development and
+driver development. Industrial experience and higher degree levels are valued,
+but we would be happy to consider an enthusiastic recent graduate with a
+strong academic record.</p><p>Informal enquires should be made to Alex Bradbury <a href=mailto:asb@lowrisc.org>asb@lowrisc.org</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/index.html b/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 5, 2017</time></address><p>This year, as part of <a href=https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/>Google Summer of
+Code</a> we had the pleasure of
+working with Nikitas Chronas. Alongside his degree studies, Nikitas had become
+involved with the <a href=https://libre.space/>Libre Space Foundation</a> and developed
+a strong interest in the possibility of open source hardware in
+<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat>CubeSats</a>. Fault tolerance of some
+sort is important for harsh environments, and Nikitas worked to add fault
+tolerance through the implementation of <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockstep_(computing)>core
+lockstep</a> for the
+PULPino-based minion
+core subsystem. This was a really successful project which ended up
+making contributions in areas beyond the core lockstep focus:
+documentation, code quality, support for the Arty FPGA development board, and
+even prototyping a code generation mechanism. See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2017/core-lockstep/>detailed write-up</a>
+for all the details, and below for the all-important blinky lights demo.</p><iframe src=https://giphy.com/embed/26vIg6cZFMWvi6AbS width=480 height=401 frameborder=0 class=giphy-embed allowfullscreen></iframe></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html b/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 28, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>seventh RISC-V
+workshop</a> is going
+on today and tomorrow at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be
+keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Follow <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>here</a> for the
+day two live blog.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>Workshop is sold out, 498 attendees registered representing 138 companies
+and 35 universities.</li><li>There will be 47 sessions squeezed into 12 and 24 minute increments, plus 26
+poster / demo sessions.</li><li>The 8th RISC-V workshop will be held on May 7th-10th at the Barcelona
+Supercomputing Center and Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.</li><li>Rick gives a refresher on the structure of the RISC-V Foundation.</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation now has only 100 members (including individual
+members).</li><li>We&rsquo;re on a <em>tight</em> schedule today. No applause and no questions!</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Krste gives a rapid overview of the RISC-V ISA.</li><li>RISC-V aims to be simple, clean-slate, modular, and stable.</li><li>RISC-V started in May 2010. v1.0 of the ISA came in 2011, first Rocket
+tapeout in 2012, first Linux port in 2013, v2.0 (frozen) IMAFD spec in 2014.
+First commercial softcores and first commercial SoC in 2017.</li><li>Large companies are adopting RISC-V for deeply embedded controllers in their
+SoCs (&ldquo;minion cores&rdquo;), replacing home-grown and commercial cores.<ul><li>[Editor&rsquo;s note: pleasing to see the &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; name take off around the
+wider RISC-V community!].</li></ul></li><li>Small and proprietary-ISA soft-core IP companies are switching to the RISC-V
+standard to access a larger market. &ldquo;If you&rsquo;re a softcore IP provider, you
+should have a RISC-V product in development&rdquo;.</li><li>RISC-V has seen government adoption, e.g. India adopted it as a national
+ISA. A recent security-focused DARPA project standardised on RISC-V. Israel
+Innovation Authority are creating the GenPro platform around RISC-V.</li><li>Many startups are choosing RISC-V for new products. &ldquo;We haven&rsquo;t had to tell
+startups about RISC-V; they find out about it very quickly when shopping for
+processor IP&rdquo;.</li><li>Commercial ecosystem providers: starting to see mainstream commercial
+support. &ldquo;Demand is driving supply in the commercial ecosystem&rdquo;.</li><li>RISC-V in academic research: becoming the standard ISA for academic
+research. There will be talks at the workshop about the Celerity 500 RISC-V
+core SoC in 16nm FinFET, and FireSim which models 1024 quad-core RISC-V
+servers in the cloud.<ul><li>The CARRV RISC-V workshop at MICRO was even better attended than the
+machine learning workshop.</li></ul></li><li>Expect in a few years time that the vast majority of undergraduates will be
+taught RISC-V at University.</li><li>Racepoint Global have been hired for Foundation marketing.</li><li>RISC-V Technical Roadmap for 2017:<ul><li>Primary goal was to formally standardise the base ISA, resolve issues with
+the memory model, debug, and stabilize the privileged architecture.</li><li>Good progress has been made, but the spec hasn&rsquo;t yet been ratified. One of
+the issues is differentiating the base spec versus clarifications for
+different &ldquo;profiles&rdquo;. There is no plan to change any instruction
+specification versus 2.0.</li><li>The Unix platform is stable as of the privileged 1.10 spec (i.e. no
+backwards incompatible changes from now on).</li></ul></li><li>ISA specifications and profiles<ul><li>The original ISA specs mixed instruction specifications with platform
+mandates. Now work is ongoing to separate instruction set specifications
+from platform profiles.</li><li>Instruction set specifications should be maximally reusable, while the
+profiles should be as constrained as possible to simplify software
+compatibility.</li></ul></li><li>Single-letter names will run out some day, so a proposal has been made to
+allow finer-grained naming of instruction sets to describe profiles. Use Zxxxx
+to name standard instruction extensions (while Xyyyyy is used for non-standard
+instruction extensions). See the isa-dev list for more information.</li><li>Profiles for software compatibility. A software ABI/SBI defines a profile.
+A software ABI/SBI defines a profile. Also need profiles M-mode-only
+microcontrollers, and MU-mode microcontrollers, and for booting MSU platforms.
+Aim for have first ready in Q12018.</li><li>Memory model: the original was too weak for C11 and underspecified, but a
+team of experts have come together over the past year to resolve the issues.
+RVWMO is the base memory model and is weak, while RVTSO is an optional
+extension providing a strong TSO memory model.</li><li>Calling convention and ABI has been stabilized and documented.</li><li>GCC and binutils have been upstreamed and released in GCC. LLVM upstream is
+in progress.</li><li>A number of other compilers and languages are now available. e.g. CompCert,
+Go, Rust, OCaml, Jikes JVM, OpenJDK, &hellip;</li><li>The Linux port has been accepted upstream for the 4.15 release.
+Additionally, the hypervisor spec has been released (designed to support
+recursive virtualisation using an enhanced S mode).</li><li>Run-halt debug going well, is being targeted by commercial vendors.</li><li>2017 summary: All planned major technical decisions settled, some more work
+on the ratification process is needed.</li><li>Technical roadmap goals for 2018:<ul><li>Complete ratification of base ISA and first profiles</li><li>Base vector extensions proposed and ratified</li><li>Hypervisor implemented, spec ratified</li><li>Formal spec completed and released</li></ul></li><li>Vector: see the talk from Roger. Aim to be the Best Vector ISA Ever &trade;.</li><li>Security: really two separable efforts in the foundation: trusted execution
+environments and cryptographic instruction extensions. Also a huge amount of
+other work in the academic community.</li><li>Interrupts: currently have fast local interrupts and global platform-level
+interrupts. Also have requests for high end systems who want per-hart
+message-signal interrupts (MSI) and from low-end embedded that want
+pre-emptive vectored prioritized interrupts.</li><li>Improving embedded compression: the C extension was designed for general
+purpose computing with Unix binaries. People are seeing non-competitive RISC-V
+code size on pure embedded workloads, like due to lack of byte/halfword memory
+access? Considering an alternative C extension for RV32E systems.</li><li>A new task group has been up for the &lsquo;J&rsquo; extension, exploring support for
+dynamically translated languages. Looking at issues like integer overflow,
+garbage collection, and instruction cache management.</li><li>Summary<ul><li>Very rapid development and adoption &ldquo;by the time you decide to do a
+project, support will be there&rdquo;.</li></ul></li><li>Question: does the foundation have any formal ways of addressing IP
+challenges? Answer: have been documenting prior art for the base ISA
+instructions. Would be good to continue to expand this to cover reference
+hardware implementations.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-hypervisor-extension-andrew-waterman:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V Hypervisor Extension: Andrew Waterman</h2><ul><li>Presenting work with extensive contributions from Paolo Bonzini and John
+Hauser</li><li>Goal is to virtualize S-mode to support running guest OSes under Type-1,
+Type-2 and hybrid hypervisors. Also want to be high performance and to support
+recursive virtualisation.</li><li>The hypervisor extension adds new privileged modes. S-mode becomes HS-mode,
+and we also add the Virtualised Supervisor (VS) and Virtualized User (VU)
+modes.</li><li>What needs to be virtualized? Supervisor architecture state (CSRs), memory,
+I/O and interrupts.</li><li>Additional copies of most supervisor CSrs are provisioned as background
+supervisor CSRs, e.g. bsscratch, bsepc. In HS-mode, foreground CSRs contain
+S-mode state and background CSRs contain inactive VS-mode state. These are
+swapped in VS-mode.</li><li>Use two-level address translation to virtualize memory. Original virtual
+addresses are translated to guest physical addresses by the VS-level page
+table, and then guest physical addresses are translated to machine physical
+addresses by the HS-level page table.<ul><li>Page table entry formats and page table layouts are the same as S-mode</li></ul></li><li>Software and timer interrupts are easy to virtualise, as they&rsquo;re already
+exposed via the SBI. The two-level paging scheme can be used to trap MMIO
+accesses.<ul><li>Could avoid extra traps into the hypervisor with a virtualisation-aware
+PLIC. This is considered a platform issues, outside of the scope of the
+hypervisor ISA.</li></ul></li><li>Need an I/O MMU to initiated DMAs without trap into the hypervisor - also a
+platform issue.</li><li>The hypervisor extension is designed to be efficiently emulatable on M/S/U
+systems with traps into M-mode.</li><li>Specification v.01 is <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-manual>available on
+GitHub</a>. Hoping to implement in
+Spike in Q1 2018.</li><li>Want to see a silicon implementation prior to ratification.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2><ul><li>The goal was to define the RISC-V memory consistency model (&ldquo;specifies the
+values that can be returned by loads&rdquo;). Support a wide range of hardware
+implementations, as well as Linux, C/C++ and lots of other critical software.</li><li>The fundamental debate was about strong models (such as x86-TSO) vs weak
+models (ARM, IBM Power). Strong models have stricter ordering rules, resulting
+in something that&rsquo;s simpler for programmers and for architects. Weak models
+have more relaxed ordering rules, better performance/power/area and more
+microarchitectural freedom.</li><li>In order to find a compromise, defined RVTSO (strong) and RVWMO (weak).<ul><li>Both are multi-copy atomic. This means cores are allowed to peek at stores
+they have issues as long as they haven&rsquo;t been observed by anyone else and is
+much simpler to reason about than the Power and ARMv7 memory models.</li></ul></li><li>The base RISC-V memory model is RVWMO (software must assume this if it wants
+to be portable). It&rsquo;s important to note that a hardware implementation meeting
+the RVWMO specification could be more conservative (stronger). Additional have
+the Ztso extension for RVTSO, which software might target.</li><li>RVWMO and RVTSO differ in the degree of memory access reordering they permit
+at the point of global visibility. In RVTSO, only store-to-load reordering can
+be observed. In RVWMO, most memory accesses can be reordered freely unless
+synchronized via .sq, .rl and/or fences.</li><li>Dan has some handy diagrams that explain the RVWMO and RVTSO rules in a
+nutshell, which you should be able to study once the slides become available.</li><li>Software written for RVWMO will run on all RISC-V hardware (RVWMO and Ztso).
+RVTSO-only software can be be written, but will only run on hardware
+implementing Ztso. A flag in the ELF header will be used to ensure this.</li><li>If you don&rsquo;t want to think about memory models, just use the standard OSes
+and toolchains. If you care about PPA or flexibility, use RVWMO. If you have
+lots of legacy x86 code, use hardware implementing Ztso so that any software
+will work. If you believe TSO is the future, use hardware with Ztso and emit
+code with the TSO-only magic number.</li><li>Fragmentation due to the presence of two memory models is an obvious risk.
+Try to discourage software from targeting both, and encourage targeting RVWMO
+wherever possible (redundant fences simple become no-ops).</li><li>There have been a number of other ISA changes. ld.rl and sd.aq are
+deprecated. ld.aqrl and sd.aqrl mean RCsc. Also clarified other subtleties.
+May have future extensions to the fence instruction, and .aq/.rl variants for
+byte and halfword-size loads/stores.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-enabling-a-new-era-of-open-data-centric-computing-architectures-martin-fink:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V - Enabling a new era of open data-centric computing architectures: Martin Fink</h2><ul><li>Most people think of Western Digital as a storage company, but actually
+they&rsquo;re a <em>data</em> company.</li><li>Big data is well known, but increasingly there are applications that require
+&ldquo;fast data&rdquo; (immediate access to information).</li><li>Big data applications have historically focused on general purpose compute.
+But we need to be able to move beyond general purpose compute to meet new
+application requirements.</li><li>In a general purpose compute architecture, everything is centered around the
+CPU rather than the data.</li><li>Workload diversity demands diverse technologies and architectures, both for
+&ldquo;big data&rdquo; and &ldquo;fast data&rdquo;.</li><li>There are a wide range of data-centric applications at the edge.</li><li>RISC-V meets the needs of big data (move compute to data) and fast data
+(memory centric compute). It enables purpose-built environments for big data
+and fast data applications.</li><li>Western Digital ships in excess of 1 billion cores per year, and expect to
+double that. They are making a commitment to transition all of those 1 billion
+cores towards RISC-V, across their whole product portfolio.</li><li>Want to process the data where it lives, which RISC-V will help to enable.</li><li>Represents a new style of development. In some cases, WD may develop their
+own cores, in others may buy them, in others may partner with another company
+to co-develop them.</li><li>Western Digital will work to accelerate the RISC-V ecosystem:<ul><li>Support the development of open source IP building blocks for the
+community</li><li>Actively partner and invest in the ecosystem</li><li>Accelerate development of purpose-built processors for a broad range of
+Big Data and Fast Data environments</li><li>Multi-year transition of Western Digital devices, platforms and systems to
+RISC-V purpose built architectures</li></ul></li><li>First device from WD with a RISC-V core is likely to not ship until late
+2019 to early 2020.</li><li>Summary<ul><li>Big Data and Fast Data need purpose-built environments</li><li>Openness and ecosystem enable best-in-class innovation. The motivation is
+enabling innovation, <em>not</em> reducing cost.</li><li>Western Digital brings the momentum of over 1B cores per year</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=industrial-strength-high-performance-risc-v-processors-for-energy-efficient-computing-dave-ditzel:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Industrial-strength high-performance RISC-V processors for energy-efficient computing: Dave Ditzel</h2><ul><li>Coming out of &ldquo;stealth mode&rdquo; in this talk.</li><li>Chris Celio is joining Esperanto, but will continue to maintain and support
+BOOM. Esperanto will also be implementing even higher performance out-of-order
+processors.</li><li>Esperanto have been pursuing an implementing of the draft Vector ISA in
+order to understand design trade-offs.</li><li>RISC-V is off to a great start, but many in industry view RISC-V as a
+curiosity or toy, only for low end. Repeatedly see questions about high-end
+designs (in Verilog!), graphics, machine learning, or HPC applications.</li><li>See Esperanto as complementing existing core vendors, &ldquo;expanding RISC-V&rsquo;s
+piece of the pie&rdquo;.</li><li>Experanto is designing a high-performance RISC-V core comparable to the best
+IP alternatives. It is designing an energy-efficient RISC-V core for high
+TeraFLOP computing needs. The goal is to make RISC-V more compelling than the
+other high-end alternatives.</li><li>Will produce IP with human readable, synthesizable Verilog.</li><li>Esperanto is building the highest TeraFLOPS per Watt machine learning
+computing system, and it will be based on the RISC-V ISA</li><li>ET-Maxion will be the highest single thread performance 64-bit RISC-V
+processor. Starting from BOOM v2, but expect substantial changes. Optimized
+for 7nm CMOS. This will be used in Esperanto&rsquo;s products and made available as
+a licensable core.</li><li>Second core is the ET-Minion. This is intended to do all the heavy floating
+point work, with very high floating point throughput and energy efficiency.
+This will be a 64-bit RISC-V core with vector extensions, an in-order
+pipeline, and extra instruction extensions for machine learning. Also have
+multiple hardware threads of execution. Like the ET-Maxion, this will be used
+in Esperanto products and available as a licensable core.</li><li>Putting these together in a product: Esperanto&rsquo;s AI supercomputer on a chip.
+16 64-bit ET-Maxion RISC-V cores with private L1 and L2 caches, 4096 64-bit
+ET-Minion RISC-V cores each with their own vector floating point unit,
+hardware accelerators, Network on Chip to allow processors to reside in the
+same address space, multiple levels of cache, etc.</li><li>Other companies are proposing special purpose hardware for machine learning
+using proprietary instruction sets. Esperanto want to base all processing on
+RISC-V, adding instruction extensions and hardware accelerators where
+necessary.</li><li>Also looked at using RISC-V for graphics. Wrote a shader compiler that can
+generate RISC-V compilers, and the code to distribute the workload across
+thousands of cores.</li><li>Argue that proprietary, custom instruction sets are a bad choice. Instead,
+make general purpose RISC-V processors with domain specific extensions when
+needed.</li></ul><h2 id=andes-extended-features-dr-chuan-hua-chang:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Andes Extended Features: Dr Chuan-Hua Chang</h2><ul><li>Andes Technology is a Taiwan-based CPU IP company with over 2 billion
+Andes-Embedded SoCs shipped in diverse applications.</li><li>Have extended the RISC-V architecture in the V5m with:<ul><li>Vectored interrupts and priority-based preemptive interrupts for the PLIC</li><li>StackSafe features</li><li>Exception redirection to the debuggers</li></ul></li><li>The V5m ISA includes<ul><li>Andes Perfomance extension</li><li>Optional Andes DSP extension</li><li>Optional Andes Custom extension</li></ul></li><li>For the vectored PLIC, vector table entry 0 contains exceptions and local
+interrupts except &ldquo;external interrupt&rdquo;. Vector table entry 1 and above
+contains external interrupts from the PLIC. The PLIC interrupt ID is
+transmitted directly from PLIC to a hart.</li><li>The extended PLIC saves over 30 instructions for dispatch and software
+preemption overhead.</li><li>StackSafe monitors the SP register value to detect stack pointer overflow
+and underflow, and for recording the maximum observed stack size.</li><li>Andes ISA extensions add<ul><li>GP-implied load/store instructions with a larger immediate range.</li><li>Compare an operand with a small constant and branch</li><li>Instructions for zero/sign-extensions</li><li>CoDense: code size compression instructions</li></ul></li><li>The Andes DSP ISA extension features over 130 instructions, using only GPRs.
+Introduces a range of SIMD instructions, zero-overhead loops, and 64-bit
+signed/unsigned addition and subtractions, and signed/unsigned multiplication
+and addition.<ul><li>See 50% cycle reduction for the Helix MP3 decoder, and 80.1% cycle
+reduction for the G.729 codec.</li></ul></li><li>Andes Custom Extension (ACE) provides a framework to facilitate custom
+instruction design and implementation.</li></ul><h2 id=customisation-of-a-risc-v-processor-to-achieve-dsp-performance-gain-marcela-zachariasova:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Customisation of a RISC-V processor to achieve DSP performance gain: Marcela Zachariasova</h2><ul><li>Codasip studio is a processor development environment which takes a high
+level description of a processor and automatically generates software tool,
+RTL, and verification environments.</li><li>Take one of Codasip&rsquo;s Berkelium RISC-V cores as the starting point.</li><li>Configure the core by enabling/disabling ISA extensions as desired. You can
+also define new instructions, driven by profiling information.</li><li>Case study: audio processing solution for IoT (developed with Microsemi).</li><li>Ultimately, saw a 13.62x speedup for a 2.43x area overhead vs RV32IM.</li></ul><h2 id=freedom-u500-linux-capable-1-5gh-quad-core-rv64gc-soc-jack-kang:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Freedom U500, Linux-capable, 1.5GH quad-core RV64GC SoC: Jack Kang</h2><ul><li>Freedom Unleashed 500: 250M+ transistors, TSMC 28nm, high-performance
+integrated RISC-V SoC, U54MC RISC-V CPU Core Complex</li><li>1.5GHz+ SiFive E51/U53 CPU. 1xE51 (16KB L1I$, 8KB DTIM), 4 x U54. 32KB L1I$,
+32KB L1D$.</li><li>All five cores in a coherent system with 2MB L2$.</li><li>Development board available in Q12018.</li><li>Feature GbE, DDR3/4, and ChipLink (a serialized chip-to-chip TileLink
+interconnect).</li><li>The E51 core is a 64-bit, 1.5GHz CPU &ldquo;minion core&rdquo;.</li><li>Coherent, 2MB 16-way L2 subsystem.</li><li>Single U54 core-only area 0.224mm2, single U53 core complex area 0.538mm2
+(including 32KB/32KB L1 cache). 1.7 DMIPS/MH, 2.75 CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>HiFive Unleashed will have the SiFive Freedom Unleashed 500 SoC connected to
+a Microsemi PolarFire FPGA, Provide USB and HDMI via the FPGA, as well as
+PCIe. Available Q1&rsquo;2018.</li><li>HiFive Unleashed Early Access Program: give early access to FPGA-based
+prototypes (now) and development boards (soon). To get access, email
+info@sifive.com.</li></ul><h2 id=revolutionizing-risc-v-based-application-design-possibilities-with-globalfoundries-gregg-bartlett:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Revolutionizing RISC-V based application design possibilities with GlobalFoundries: Gregg Bartlett</h2><ul><li>GlobalFoundries is the only foundry that is a RISC-V Foundation member. See
+that the RISC-V approach is a good match for GlobalFoundries.</li><li>For the last year, have been engaged in applications where RISC-V processors
+are showing up. DNN accelerators, cluster computing, automotive/embedded SoCs,
+X86/GPU co-processors.</li><li>Argue foundry technology allows differentiated customer solutions. e.g.
+22FDX and 12FDX.</li><li>22FDX is targeted to serve segments such as mobility, IoT, RF, and
+automotive.</li><li>FDXcellerator program features multiple RISC-V cores, as well as LPDDR4,
+MIPI etc.</li><li>Partnered with SiFive (E31+E51), Reduced Energy Microsystems, Andes, ETH
+Zurich / University of Bologna (PULP), Berkeley Labs, IIT Chennai.</li><li>For the SiFive partnership, no cost to customers for E31/E51 cores until
+production starts.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-llvm-towards-a-production-ready-llvm-based-toolchain-alex-bradbury:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V LLVM. Towards a production-ready LLVM-based toolchain: Alex Bradbury</h2><ul><li>I was the presenter, so no notes right now.</li></ul><h2 id=a-risc-v-java-update-martin-maas:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>A RISC-V Java update: Martin Maas</h2><ul><li>Jikes RVM now runs full JDK6 applications, including the Decapo benchmark
+suite. Passes the Jikes RVM core test suite. About 15000 lines of code.</li><li>Managed languages have been under-represented in computer architecture
+research for quite some time.</li><li>Challenges: long running on many cores, concurrent tasks, fine-grained
+interactions. Difficult fit for many common simulation approaches, e.g. Qemu
+or Gem5.</li><li>Instead, we can run managed workloads on real RISC-V hardware in FPGA-based
+simulation to enable modifying the entire stack.</li><li>By modifying the hardware, we can do fine-grained tracing without perturbing
+the software being tested.</li><li>Can explore the interaction with the memory system, e.g. DRAM row misses
+encountered during garbage collection.</li><li>This will allow a wide range of research that was difficult without this
+infrastructure.</li><li>Have the Jikes Research VM (baseline JIT, no optimising JIT). Can run
+OpenJDK Hotspot JVM with the Zero (interpreter) backend, but no
+high-performance JIT compiler port yet. Help needed!</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation has launched the J extension working group today, to
+better support managed-language support to RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=microprobe-an-open-source-microbenchmark-generator-ported-to-the-risc-v-isa-schuyler-eldridge:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>MicroProbe. An open source microbenchmark generator ported to the RISC-V ISA: Schuyler Eldridge</h2><ul><li>Not yet open source, but in the process of releasing it.</li><li>Why make microbenchmarks? Might want to study worst case power consumption,
+look for performance bugs, determine if the design is reliable, &hellip; But
+writing microbenchmarks is a labour-intensive process.</li><li>MicroProbe has the user write microbenchmark generation policies. The
+framework then produces benchmarks according to those policies.</li><li>The target definition (ISA, microarchitecture, environment) is written using
+YAML. Code generation and generation policies are written using Python.</li><li>MicroProbe uses riscv-meta from Michael Clark.</li><li>The user describes a microbenchmark as transforms over an intermediate
+representation (IR) for describing benchmarks.</li></ul><h2 id=lauterbach-debug-support-for-risc-v-bob-kupyn:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Lauterbach debug support for RISC-V: Bob Kupyn</h2><ul><li>Lauterbach is solely focused on hardware and software debug tools. All
+design, development and manufacture is done in Munich.</li><li>Claim the widest range of supported microprocessors in the market.</li><li>More than 100k installed Lauterbach debuggers, estimate 40% of the market.</li><li>Have a RISC-V JTAG debugger. Currently just run-control, awaiting a stable
+trace debug spec.</li><li>Trace32 debugger supports all the features you&rsquo;d expect. The RISC-V port
+supports RV32 and RV64. In the future, want to add trace support and
+Linux/Target OS awareness.</li><li>In the initial release, support SiFive Coreplex E31 and E51.</li></ul><h2 id=j-link-debug-probe-now-available-for-risc-v-paul-curtis:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>J-link debug probe now available for RISC-V: Paul Curtis</h2><ul><li>J-Link aims to be the &ldquo;ultimate debug probe&rdquo;. Supporting ARM, Mips, RX,
+8051, and now RISC-V.</li><li>J-Link is open in the sense you can incorporate it into your product using
+the J-Link SDK.</li><li>J-Link is &ldquo;intelligent&rdquo;, eliminating round-trip-time over USB or IP using
+kernels in the debug adapter.</li><li>Over 600k units sold.</li><li>Also have Embedded Studio, other products.</li></ul><h2 id=porting-the-threadx-rtos-to-risc-v-john-carbone:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Porting the ThreadX RTOS to RISC-V: John Carbone</h2><ul><li>ThreadX in production since 1997.</li><li>Small footprint, priority-based, fully preemptive RTOS with a single linear
+address space.</li><li>Has advanced features like preemption-threshold scheduling, real-time event
+trace, memory-protected modules.</li><li>Ported with co-operation from Mirosemi, ran on the Smartfusion2 Creative
+Development Board.</li><li>Anticipate commercial availability for RISC-V before the end of 2017.</li></ul><h2 id=xbgas-a-bridge-proposal-for-rv128-and-hpc-john-leidel:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>xBGAS. A bridge proposal for RV128 and HPC: John Leidel</h2><ul><li>Extended Base Global Address Space (xBGAS)</li><li>Want to provide extended addressing capabilities without ruining the base
+ABI.</li><li>Extended addressing must not specifically rely upon any one virtual memory</li><li>xBGAS is not a direct replacement for RV128.</li><li>See a variety of potential application domains.</li><li>HPC-PGAS: traditional message passing has a tremendous amount of overhead.
+There are a range of low-latency PGAS runtimes, but little hardware/uarch
+support.</li><li>Add extended (eN) register that map to base general registers. These are
+manually utilized via extended load/store/move instructions.</li><li>You only get access to the extended address space when using the new
+extended addressing instructions.</li><li>ISA extensions: base integer load/store, raw integer load/store, address
+management (explicitly read/write the extended registers).</li><li>No support for things like atomics currently. (Question for the community:
+how to define extensions to extensions?)</li><li>A number of outstanding issues with the ABI and calling convention. How to
+link base RISC-V objects with objects containing extended addressing? Howe do
+we address the caller/callee saved state with extended registers? What about
+debugging and debugging metadata.</li><li>The software part of this is being led by the Data Intensive Scalable
+Computing Lab at Texas Tech. Have a prototype implementation in LLVM.</li><li>Hardware part of the effort taking place at Tactical Computing Labs, LBNL
+and MIT. Looking at pipelined and accelerator-based implementations.</li><li>The current spec is <a href=https://github.com/tactcomplabs/xbgas-archspec>available
+here</a>. Comments and
+collaborators are encouraged!</li></ul><h2 id=extending-the-16-gpr-standard-beyond-rv32e-mitch-hayenga:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Extending the 16 GPR standard beyond RV32E: Mitch Hayenga</h2><ul><li>Motivation: Register file area/power/latency is critical to any processor.
+Large register files help with static code scheduling, but wide issue
+out-of-order processors have the potential to hide register spill latency and
+issue bandwidth.</li><li>There are a number of commercially available cores that only offer 16
+double-precision floating point registers.</li><li>Want to see the 16GPR option being orthogonal just like any other ISA
+variant (RV32E currently can&rsquo;t be combined with the F and D extensions).</li><li>Reduced the available registers to x0-x15 and f0-f15. Modified GCC and glibc
+and used gem5 with the Coremark/Dhrystone/Whetstone/Spec2006 benchmarks.</li><li>For the simple benchmarks, saw a 6-8% increase in static code size. Smaller
+increase in dynamic instructions (and Whetstone saw a reduction). Saw in-order
+execution time impacted, but much smaller impact for the out-of-order designs.</li><li>For SPECInt, saw (very) slightly improved code density and execution time.<br>In perlbench this was primarily due to reduced function call overhead.</li><li>The impact was more negative for SPECFP.</li><li>Architectural overheads limit the viable design space of multithreaded
+out-of-order CPUs.</li><li>New potential designs:<ul><li>Dual-threaded, small window out-of-order CPUs (~20 instruction windows).
+This is impractical with the current RISC-V register file size requirements</li><li>Large, high-IPC, many threaded CPU designs.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=using-pyrope-to-create-transformable-risc-v-architectures-haven-skinner:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Using Pyrope to create transformable RISC-V architectures: Haven Skinner</h2><ul><li>Hardware design is difficult. You need multiple codebases (cycle accurate,
+high level simulation, verification reference model). Also need to adjust
+pipeline stages and verify the hardware.</li><li>A new HDL (Pyrope) can help!</li><li>Fluid pipelines are the &ldquo;hammer&rdquo; used to address design complexity. Fluid
+pipeline transformations change the number of stages as part of the compile
+flow.</li><li>A fluid pipeline has valid/stop signals, and pipeline stages should tolerate
+random delays.</li><li>Collapsing stages was useful in order to build an emulator out of a RISC-V
+fluid core. Can also change the number of pipeline stages automatically, and
+perform formal verification.</li><li>For a Verilog implementation, saw 2MIPS when compiling with Verilator. When
+collapsing fluid pipelines to produce a fast emulator, saw 6MIPS. Spike
+achieves around 12 MIPS.</li><li>Compared synthesis results of the fluid pipelines vs a range of open source
+RISC-V cores.</li><li>For &ldquo;fluid verification&rdquo;, can collapse the stages in a RISC-V core, then
+verify against a trivial single stage RISC-V core. Used yosys to do this.</li></ul><h2 id=performance-isolation-for-multicore-within-labeled-risc-v-zihao-yu:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Performance isolation for multicore within labeled RISC-V: Zihao Yu</h2><ul><li>In multi-core architectures, core share resources such as L3, memory, and
+I/O. This can cause uncertainties and QoS violations.</li><li>Take inspiration from labeled networks and try to apply to computer
+architecture. Describe the Labeled von Neumann Architecture (LvNA).</li><li>Each request has a label, each label is correlated with a
+process/thread/variable, labels are propagated across the whole machine, and
+software-defined control logic is used to provide different service for
+different labeled groups.</li><li>Proposed PARD (ASPLOS 2015). Programmable Architecture for
+Resourcing-on-Demand.<ul><li>Add a label register, allocate a label for each VM, attach a label to each
+request, and add label-based programmable control logic.</li></ul></li><li>LvNA + RISC-V = Labeled RISC-V</li><li>Saw less than 3% overhead in terms of code, less than 5% resource overhead,
+and no performance overheads for critical apps.</li><li>Plan to tape out with TSMC 40nm next year.</li></ul><h2 id=a-practical-implementation-of-a-platform-level-interrupt-controller-plic-richard-herveille:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>A Practical Implementation of a Platform Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC): Richard Herveille</h2><ul><li>PLIC design goals: easy integration with external bus interfaces, be fully
+compliant, and very flexible. Should work from small microcontrollers all the
+way up to large server applications.</li><li>The deign flexibility may result in management complexity. Potentially
+hundreds or thousands of registers in a memory mapped management interface. So
+try to define a management interface that minimises the memory map.</li><li>Create the memory map dynamically based on parameters given to the IP core.<br>The register arrangement and documentation is automated.</li><li>See the <a href=https://roalogic.com>Roa Logic website</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=open-source-rtos-ports-on-risc-v-nitin-deshpande:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>Open source RTOS ports on RISC-V: Nitin Deshpande</h2><ul><li>Ported FreeRTOS, MyNewt, and Huawei LitOS.</li><li>FreeRTOS: 32-bit version running on a RISC-V soft processor, 64-bit
+currently runs on Spike.</li><li>MyNewt: RISC-V support was already available, added the BSP and MCU/HAL
+support.</li><li>LiteOs: ported the kernel, BSP, and HAL. Already merged into upstream LiteOS
+GitHub.</li><li>Had a positive experience with RISC-V.</li><li>Mi-V is an ecosystem that aims to accelerate the adoption of RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-poster-preview:b0d46a703336556da5bab688c899c781>RISC-V poster preview</h2><ul><li>This is too rapid fire to summarise, sorry!</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 29, 2017</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2017/10/7th-risc-v-workshop-agenda/>seventh RISC-V
+workshop</a> is concluding
+today at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of
+talks and announcements throughout the day.</p><h2 id=celerity-an-open-source-511-core-risc-v-tiered-accelerator-fabric-michael-taylor:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor</h2><ul><li>Built in only 9 months.</li><li>Celerity is an accelerator-centric SoC with a tiered accelertor fabric.</li><li>Implemented in TSMC 16nm FFC. 25mm2 die area, 385M transistors</li><li>Why 511 RISC-V cores? 5 Linux-capable RV64G Rocket cores, 496-core RV32IM
+mesh tiled area &ldquo;manycore&rdquo;, 10-core RV32IM mesh tiled array (low voltage).</li><li>Used a flip-chip package.</li><li>Of the 5 general purpose cores, 4 connect to the manycore array and 1
+interfaces with the Binary Neural Network accelerator. Each core executes
+independently within its own address space.</li><li>The BaseJump manycore architecture implements the RV32IM with a 5-stage
+pipeline (full forwarded, in-order, single issue). It has 4KB+4KB instruction
+and data scratchpads.</li><li>BaseJump Manycore Mesh Network: stores are routed based on the destination.
+Simple XY-dimension routing.</li><li>Each Rocket core has its own RoCC interface connecting to one of the routers
+in the mesh.</li><li>Uses a remote store programming model, which enables efficient
+producer-consumer programming models. Offer extended instructions such as load
+reserved (load value and set the reservation address),
+load-on-broken-reservation (stall if the reserved address wasn&rsquo;t written by
+other cores), and a consumer instruction to wait on a given address/valud. No
+polling or interrupts are required.</li><li>Currently working on CUDA support.</li><li>Can fit 42 of the &ldquo;manycore&rdquo; cores per mm2 (vs 5 cores per mm2 for Rocket).</li><li>80% of the modules in the manycore are from the BaseJump library.</li><li>For the backend, hardened each core and replicated across the die.</li><li>Over 2/3rds of each manycore tile is memory.</li><li>For the BNN: each core in the manycore tier executes a remote-load-store
+program to orchestrate sending weights to the specialization tier via a
+hardware FIFO.</li><li>All code available at <a href=http://opencelerity.org>opencelerity.org</a>.</li><li>Want to build the &ldquo;DNA&rdquo; for open source ASICs. i.e. the basic components
+needs for building a full system, spanning RTL, IP cores, hardware emulation,
+packaging, PCBs. See <a href=http://bjump.org>bjump.org</a>.</li><li>The BaseJump STL contains several hundred modules, all parameterised.</li></ul><h2 id=the-pulp-cores-a-set-of-open-source-ultra-low-power-risc-v-cores-for-internet-of-things-applications-pasquale-davide-schiavone:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>The PULP Cores. A Set of Open-Source Ultra-Low-Power RISC-V Cores for Internet-of-Things Applications: Pasquale Davide Schiavone</h2><ul><li>PULP: Parallel Ultra-Low Power.</li><li>Designed for energy efficient hardware, e.g. near-sensor computation.</li><li>Have a set of 3 32-bit cores currently available, and working on a 64-bit
+Linux-capable core.</li><li>RISCY core has a 4-stage pipeline. RV32IM[F]C. 40.7-69.3kGE. 3.19
+CoreMark/MHz. Also has a number of extensions for packed SIMD, fixed point,
+bit manipulation and hardware loops.</li><li>Zero-riscy has a 2-stage pipeline. RV32{I,E}[M]C. 11.6-18.9kGE. 2.44
+CoreMark/MHz for RV32IMC and 0.91 for RV32EC. Optimized for area.</li><li>Arian core for Linux. 6-stage pipeline, RV64IMC, 185kGE, OoE execution and
+in-order commit. 2.01 CoreMark/MHz.</li><li>Also have a set of software tools for PULP. Virtual platform, timing model.
+Have 1MIPS simulation speed with timing accuracy between 20-20% of the target
+hardware. Can also profile using kcachegrind.</li><li>How to verify these cores? Use constrained pseudo-random test generation in
+a perturbated environment (random interrupts, stalls). The program generator
+tries to maximise the code coverage, and the instruction simulation and RTL
+model are compared.</li><li>Large number of companies using PULP/PULPino, e.g. Mentor, GreenWaves, NXP,
+Micron, Microsemi, Cadence, ST, Google, Intel.</li><li>PULPissimo platform will be released Q12018, including the new microDMA
+subsystem, new interrupt controller, new SDK etc. Taping out on GF22 soon.</li></ul><h2 id=boom-v2-an-open-source-out-of-order-risc-v-core-chris-celio:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>BOOM v2. An open-source out-of-order RISC-V core: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Out of order superscalar implementing RV64g. Open source and written in
+Chisel (~16kloc). Built on top of the rocket-chip ecosystem.</li><li>Advanced branch prediction. Loads can issue out-of-order with regard to
+other loads and stores.</li><li>Parameterised, just a few lines to instantiate a 2-wide vs 4-wide BOOM.</li><li>BOOM has now been taped out! Taped out with a 2 person team in 4 months.</li><li>Total LoC for the SiFive U54 Rocket is 34kloc, vs 50kloc for BOOMv2, vs
+1.3mloc (Verilog) for the UltraSPARC T2.</li><li>Boomv2 achieves 3.92 CoreMark/MHz (on the taped out BOOM), vs 3.71 for the
+Cortex-A9.</li><li>BOOMv1 had a short pipeline inspired by R10K, 21264, Cortex-A9 and a unified
+issue window.</li><li>BOOMv2: broke critical paths in the frontend. Put the BTB into SRAM. Also
+moved hashing to its own stage.</li><li>The first place+route for register file resulted in huge area. Ended up
+splitting the unified issue window, splitting the physical register file,
+moving issue and register read into separate stages. Then implemented 2-stage
+rename and 3-stage fetch.</li><li>Didn&rsquo;t have the resources to support a customised register file. A
+synthesised register file resulted in huge congestion when routing the wires
+from the flip-flops. Instead, black-boxed the register file and hand-wrote
+some Verilog to instantiate specific flip-flops, muxes, and tri-state buffers.
+Effectively hand-crafting their own bit block out of standard cells.</li><li>Saw about a 25% decrease in clock period, and 20% decrease in CoreMark/MHz
+(due to increased load-use delay, fixable in the future). A lot of the work
+was about fixing design rule check and geometry errors.</li><li>Physical design is a bottleneck for agile hardware development. RTL hacking
+can be rapid, but it takes 2-3 hours for synthesis results and 8-24 hours for
+P+R results. Additionally, manual intervention is often required and reports
+are difficult to reason about.</li><li>Future directions for BOOM: further IPC and QoR improvements. Chris is
+joining Esperanto Technologies, but is committed to maintain the BOOM
+open-source repository.</li></ul><h2 id=rocket-engines-easy-custom-risc-v-cores-through-reuse-albert-magyar:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Rocket Engines. Easy, custom RISC-V cores through reuse: Albert Magyar</h2><ul><li>Why are there so many RISC-V cores (or: why not reuse rocket?). Often a
+desire to match interface to be a &ldquo;drop in&rdquo; replacement for an existing core,
+or want to tailor microarchitecture for custom extensions. Also, may find
+Rocket is over-featured for the desired design point.</li><li>Less good reasons: not invented here, fear of Chisel.</li><li>There are a number of pitfalls for customized cores. e.g. introducing bugs
+that have long since been avoided in Rocket.</li><li>Avoid reusing either too little or too much. Can reuse individual components
+without using the top-level rocket-chip framework at all. Stitch together
+individual components.</li><li>The &ldquo;big 3&rdquo; components: CSR file, decoder, RISC-V compressed (RVC) expander.</li><li>produced a new RISC-V core IP: &ldquo;BottleRocket&rdquo;. This has a classic
+three-stage pipeline with a similar microarchitecture to Z-Scale and V-Scale.
+Implements RV32IMC. The generator produces a single, easy to connect tile.</li><li>Supports debug, test, platform features: 0.13 debug spec, RVFI trace port,
+external interrupt controller.</li><li>The open sourcing effort is underway, as is the integration with
+riscv-formal.</li></ul><h2 id=a-perspective-on-the-role-of-open-source-ip-in-government-electronic-systems-linton-salmon:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>A Perspective on the Role of Open-Source IP in Government Electronic Systems: Linton Salmon</h2><ul><li>The USD Department of Defence (DoD) needs custom SoCs. Custom ICs are
+necessary to reach the target GOps/W. Computation requirements keep growing,
+and real-time results are often required.</li><li>Current DoD architectures often use older technology nodes. Now moving
+towards newer technology nodes (28nm and below).</li><li>Most of the cost for DoD custom SoCs is in design. Typically low volume (1k
+parts). For small volume, find design costs 92%, fab NRE 7%, 1% production
+costs.</li><li>Design cost are skyrocketing, increasingly dramatically with each technology
+node. This is a huge problem for the low volume DoD designs.</li><li>Is open source IP the answer? The good news is that it can sharply reduce
+resources, time and complexity or a DoD custom SoC design. Open source IP
+permits increased use of unique DoD security approaches.</li><li>The not so good news: the open source community needs to develop a complete
+infrastructure, needs to e more robust than it is today, the community needs a
+model to fund infrastructure, and the support model must assure long term
+support and continued development of open source IP.</li><li>Unique differentiation doesn&rsquo;t require development of the entire platform.
+Want to put all the effort into the differentiating &ldquo;secret sauce&rdquo;.</li><li>Open source IP can address both the cost and availability of standard IP.
+Open source IP macros are a critical first step, but integration IP is also
+needed.</li><li>Open source IP enables specialisation. It provides the blocks and standard
+infrastructure that can then be specialised.</li><li>Open source IP enables greater scrutiny by the DoD to ensure trust:
+assurance it will only do as specified.</li><li>Hardware security requires the ability to modify the SoC, including 3d party
+IP. Added security capabilities require a robust base and infrastructure.</li><li>RISC-V is an adaptable open standard. RISC-V processors can be built in a
+way that can be trusted, and RISC-V can be used to enable increased security
+(easy to add security extensions).</li><li>Need a full ecosystem infrastructure. Need to cover the entire
+infrastructure, be robust, and easy to use.</li><li>DoD requires robustness and dependability of the open-source infrastructure.
+Need complete verification, clear documentation, robustness validated through
+to silicon implementation and test. This is not the role or the strength of
+universities.<ul><li>Savings requires the ability to depend on the open source IP.</li><li>Savings require the robustness of the IP across extended performance
+ranges.</li></ul></li><li>Need a model to fund long-term infrastructure. This isn&rsquo;t the role of DARPA,
+which funds projects rather than infrastructure. Much of the work is
+difficult, but not exciting.</li><li>Need continual maintenance and improvement. Regular updates in terms of
+performance, architecture, and fabrication technology.</li><li>DARPA programs driving open source IP: PERFECT, CRAFT, SSITH, POSH, IDEA.</li><li>CRAFT&rsquo;s goal is to enable more efficient custom IC design/fabrication to
+enable high performance electronic solutions faster and with more flexibility.</li><li>SSITH: develop hardware design tools and IP to provide inherent security
+against hardware vulnerabilities that are exploited through software in DoD
+and commercial electronic systems.</li><li>IDEA: no &ldquo;human in the lop&rdquo; 24-hour layout generation for mixed signal ICs,
+systems in package, and PCBs. Machine generated layout of electrical circuits
+and systems.</li><li>POSH: an open source System on Chip design and IP ecosystem.</li></ul><h2 id=boosting-risc-v-isa-with-open-source-peripherals-an-soc-for-low-power-sensors-elkim-roa:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Boosting RISC-V ISA with Open Source Peripherals. An SoC for Low Power Sensors: Elkim Roa</h2><ul><li>Challenges: ready-to-plug IP and expensive licenses.</li><li>Been working with SiFive, providing IP blocks for the always-on domain.</li><li>The power management unit is a state machine running a microcode program
+that triggers events as necessary.</li><li>Have implemented a wide range of IP: low-noise bandgap voltage reference,
+LDO, biasing control, crystal low-frequency driver (XTAL-RF), RC Oscillator,
+brownout detector, power-on reset, multi-resolution DAC and ADC, fully
+synthesized true random number generator</li><li>Finally, integrated these always-on domain blocks in a TSMC180nm SoC using
+Chisel at the top level.</li><li>Deliverables: releasing Verilog models, FSM Verilog RTL, documentation etc
+through the freechips project. Schematics and layout available through the
+SiFive Designshare program.</li><li>Taping out at the end of the year with SiFive, also want to include PHYs
+like SATA, PCIe, USB next year. Hope to have a qualified range of IP in 2019.</li></ul><h2 id=picosoc-how-we-created-a-risc-v-based-asic-processor-using-a-full-open-source-foundry-targeted-rtl-to-gds-flow-and-how-you-can-too-tim-edwards:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>PicoSoC: How we created a RISC-V based ASIC processor using a full open source foundry-targeted RTL-to-GDS flow, and how you can, too!: Tim Edwards</h2><ul><li>Created an ASIC version of a RISC-V core (PicoRV32) using an entirely open
+source toolflow.</li><li>Targeting a 180nm process.</li><li>Open source synthesis toolchain: qflow is built using yosys/ABC, vesta,
+graywolf, qrouter, magic, netgin, iverilog, ngspice.</li><li>PicoSoC includes a UART, SPI memory controller, scratchpad SRAM, and SPI
+flash. Started the SoC targeting the open source Lattice ice40 flow, and add
+padframe, power-on-reset, and generated SRAM to target ASIC.</li><li>Can perform cosimulation using iverilog and ngspice.</li><li>The PicoSoC core is 1mm2, with analog+SRAM+padframe, 2mm x 1.5mm.</li><li>Can reproduce this yourself using the efabless IP catalog and the efablass
+CloudV-based design environment.</li><li>This is brought together in the efabless Open Galaxy Design Environment.</li></ul><h2 id=tilelink-a-free-and-open-source-high-performance-scalable-cache-coherent-fabric-designed-for-risc-v-wesley-terpstra:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>TileLink. A free and open-source, high-performance scalable cache-coherent fabric designed for RISC-V: Wesley Terpstra</h2><ul><li>Requirements for a RISC-V bus: Open standard, easy to implemented,
+cache-coherent block motion, multiple cache layers, reusable on and off-chip,
+and high performance.</li><li>What about AMBA CHI/ACE?<ul><li>&ldquo;Open standard? CHI is not open!&rdquo;. Can&rsquo;t get hold of the spec.</li><li>Not easy to implement: 10 probe message types, split control/data, narrow
+bursts, &hellip;</li><li>No support for multiple cache layers.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t want to depend on a standard controlled by a RISC-V competitor</li></ul></li><li>TileLink was a clean slate project out of UC Berkeley. Featured a reduced
+message protocol, assumed all connected hardware is trusted (do security
+checking at the source, not in the network), and only supports power-of-2
+block transfers.</li><li>TileLink is a master-slave point-to-point protocol. It&rsquo;s message based with
+5 priorities. Out-order design with optional ordering. It&rsquo;s designed for
+composability and deadlock freedom.</li><li>TileLink is open source and in production. Over 30 public modules including
+cores, crossbars and adapters. Has a coherency manager similar to how ACE does
+snooping. Also have bridges to AXI/AHB/APB</li><li>SiFive chips use a banked directory-based wormhole MESI L2$.</li><li>There are a few simplifying assumptions that make the protocol easier to
+work with.<ul><li>Require there are no agent loops, i.e. the bus participants (agents) form
+a directed acyclic graph.</li><li>There are strict priorities. Messages have one of five priorities, and
+lower priority messages never block higher priority messages. Responses have
+a higher priority than requests.</li></ul></li><li>The on-chip TileLink wire protocol uses an independent channel for each
+message priority. Messages are transmitted using multi-beat bursts. Use
+ready-valid.</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-vector-isa-roger-espasa:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>The RISC-V Vector ISA: Roger Espasa</h2><ul><li>Why a vector extension? Reduce instruction bandwidth, reduce memory
+bandwidth, lower energy, exposes DLP, masked execution, gather/scatter.
+Scalable from small to large vector processing unit.</li><li>The vector ISA in a nutshell<ul><li>32 vector registers. Each can hold either a scalar, vector, or a matrix
+(shape). Each has an associated type (polymorphic encoding). There are a
+variable number of registers (dynamically changeable).</li><li>Vector instruction semantics: all instructions are controlled by the
+Vector Length (VL) register and can be executed under mask. Precise
+exceptions are supported.</li></ul></li><li>Suppose you&rsquo;re adding two vector registers: <code>vadd v1, v2 -&gt; v0</code>. If the
+vector length is less than maximum vector length, the remaining values must be
+zeroed.</li><li>You could implement this how you like. Might choose to have a 2-lane
+implementation (two FP adders), or 4-lane, or even 8-lane (SIMD, doing all in
+one cycle). The number of lanes is transparent to the programmer and the same
+code runs independent of the number of lanes.</li><li>Data inside a VREG could be a single scalar value, a vector, or a matrix
+(optionally). The current shape is held in the per-vreg type field.<ul><li>e.g. <code>vadd v1, v2.s -&gt; v0</code>. This adds the scalar value in v2 to every
+value in vector v1.</li></ul></li><li>Masks are stored in regular vector registers (i.e. there will not be
+separate mask registers). Masks are computed with compare operations, and
+instructions use 2 bits of encoding to select masked execution.<ul><li>e.g. <code>vadd v3, v4, v1.t -&gt; v5</code>.</li><li>v1 is the only register used as mask source.</li></ul></li><li>Vector load (unit stride). <code>vld 80(x3) -&gt; v5</code> will Vector Length elements.</li><li>Stride vector load. <code>vlds 80(x3, x9) -&gt; v5</code> performs a strided load.</li><li>Gather (indexed vector load). <code>vldx 80(x3, v2) -&gt; v5</code>. This uses a vector to
+hold offsets. Repeated addresses are legal.</li><li>Vector store: <code>vst v5 -&gt; 80(x3)</code>. Note that zeroes won&rsquo;t be written when MVL
+is larger than the vector length.</li><li>Scatter (indexed vector store). <code>vstx v5 -&gt; 80(x3, v2)</code>. Will probably have
+two version of scatter, where one has guarantees about the ordering or stores
+to repeated addresses.</li><li>Ordering:<ul><li>From the point of view of a given hart, vector loads and stores happen in
+order. You don&rsquo;t need any fences to see your own stores.</li><li>From the point of view of other harts, see the vector memory accesses as
+if done by a scalar loop. This means they can be seen out-of-order by other
+harts.</li></ul></li><li>Typed vector registers:<ul><li>Each vector register has an associated type, which can be different for
+different registers.</li><li>Types can be mixed in an instruction under certain rules.</li><li>Register types enable a &ldquo;polymorphic&rdquo; encoding an is also more scalable
+for the future.</li></ul></li><li>vcvt is used for type and data conversions.</li><li>In some cases, types can be mixed in an instruction. e.g. adding <code>v1_i8,
+v2_i64 -&gt; v0_i64</code>. When any source is smaller than the destination, the source
+is promoted to the destination size.</li><li>The size of the vector register file is not set by the ISA. It is configured
+by writing to the vdcfg CSR. When doing this, the hardware computes the
+maximum vector length. This configuration can be done in user mode.<ul><li>One implementation choice is to always return the same MVL, regardless of
+config. Alternatively, split storage across logical registers, perhaps
+losing some space.</li></ul></li><li>E.g the hardware has 32 registers, 4 elements per vector, each 4 bytes = 512
+bytes. If the user asks for 32 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (32 * 4) = 4</code>. If
+the user asked for only 2 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (4+4) = 64</code>. But it
+would be legal for the implementation to return something smaller, e.g. 4 as
+in the previous example.</li><li>If the user asks for 2 F16 regs and 2 F32 registers, <code>MVL = 512B / (12B +
+4B) = 32</code>.</li><li>MVL is transparent to software, meaning code can be portable across
+different number of lanes and different values of MVL.</li><li>Not covered today: exceptions, kernel save + restore, custom types, or
+matrix shapes.</li><li>Goal is to be the best vector ISA ever! Expect LLVM and GCC to support it.</li><li>Current spec on GitHub is out-of-date.</li></ul><h2 id=security-task-group-update-and-risc-v-security-extension-richard-newell:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Security task group update and RISC-V security extension: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>The security working group works in two main areas. Trusted execution /
+isolation and cryptographic extensions. Recently had changes in direction for
+trusted execution / isolation.</li><li>This talk will focus on the cryptographic extensions status. Hope to have a
+written spec for the next workshop.</li><li>Want to rely heavily on the vector extensions for crypto.</li><li>Use vector functional units to perform modular and Galois Field arithmetic
+needed for existing popular and promising post-quantum asymmetric cryptography
+schemes. Also accelerate symmetric block ciphers and digest algorithms taking
+advantage of the wide vector registers, using specialized VFUs (e.g. AES,
+SHA-2).</li><li>Asymmetric crypto acceleration: use hardware support for modular arithmetic,
+but software for group operations and point multiplication.</li><li>Propose vector element widths up to 4096, as well as an escape mechanism to
+allow larger widths or non-power-of-two widths.</li><li>Intend to use just one major opcode for the cryptographic extension.</li><li>Richard presented a handy slide summarising the algorithms used in crypto
+suites / libraries. Be sure to check it out once the slides become available!</li><li>Proposing to define profiles that define the required crypto algorithms.
+e.g. a profile for &ldquo;internet&rdquo;, &ldquo;finance&rdquo;, and &ldquo;cellular&rdquo;.</li></ul><h2 id=using-proposed-vector-and-crypto-extensions-for-fast-and-secure-boot-richard-newell:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Using proposed vector and crypto extensions for fast and secure boot: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>Richard is giving a great summary of implementing various crypto algorithms
+using the proposed crypto extensions, but unfortunately it&rsquo;s difficult to
+summarise the information presented in these diagrams.</li><li>Expect a huge speedup vs the ARM Cortex-M3 for an appropriate RV32IVY
+implementation (though very dependent on the hardware that is implemented).</li><li>Performed a case study using WalnutDSA signature verification, developed by
+SecureRF. Saw a 3x speedup with crypto extensions vs without crypto
+extensions.</li></ul><h2 id=using-risc-v-as-a-security-processor-for-darpa-chips-and-commercial-iot-mark-beal:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Using RISC-V as a security processor for DARPA CHIPS and Commercial IoT: Mark Beal</h2><ul><li>This talk is about leveraging RISC-V to deliver integrated hw/sw silicon IP.</li><li>The Intrinsix secure execution environment contains a tiny RISC-V core,
+crypto engines, secure fabric, as well as software.</li><li>Add a security CPU to provide an isolated execution environment. It&rsquo;s easier
+to verify the separation between secure and non-secure actions. Costs less
+than 1% of silicon area (20K gates).</li><li>Implement RV32IC with machine and user modes. 2-stage pipeline with a local
+ROM And RAM. The IRAM can only hold signed code, is fetch-only, and is locked
+after authentication.</li><li>Security RV32 runs signed firmware in user mode, and only executes from
+hardwired ROM in machine mode.</li><li>Suppose you have Zephyr running on Rocket, using TinyCrypt as the crypto
+API. Replace TinyCrypt on Rocket with a call to an API running on the Secure
+RV32.</li></ul><h2 id=isa-formal-task-group-update-rishiyur-nikhil:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>ISA Formal Task Group Update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>A formal spec is a key requirement to be able to definitively answer
+questions about compiler correctness and implementation correctness. e.g. will
+executing this RISC-V program on this implementation produce correct results?<br>For all RISC-V programs?</li><li>Clifford Wolf has demonstrated the value of formal spaces in identifying
+bugs in most publicly available RISC-V implementations.</li><li>The formal spec must be clear and understandable to the human reader,
+precise and complete, machine readable, executable, and usable with a variety
+of formal tools.<ul><li>English-text specs and instruction set simulators can be regarded as
+specs, but typically do not meet many of these goals.</li></ul></li><li>Our approach is to use a very minimal subset of Haskell to define a spec
+that is directly executable in Haskell. Then provide parsers to connect to
+other formal tools and formats.</li><li>See the current prototype
+<a href=https://github.com/mit-plv/riscv-semantics>here</a>.</li><li>Done: RV32I/RV64I, M, priv spec M. Currently ignoring memory model issues.
+Soon want to implement privilege spec supervisor mode, then A, C, F, D,
+integration with the memory model.</li></ul><h2 id=strong-formal-verification-for-risc-v-adam-chlipala:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Strong formal verification for RISC-V: Adam Chlipala</h2><ul><li>Simplify: start by proving a shallow property, proving some straight-forward
+invariants.</li><li>Simplify: analyze isolated components and build larger components by
+composing them.</li><li>Want to avoid starting over for each design. Instead prove a property once
+for all parameters.</li><li>Kami is a framework to support implementing, specifying, formally verifying,
+and compiling hardware designs. It is based on the Bluespec high-level
+hardware design language and the Coq proof assistant.</li><li>The big ideas (from Bluespec):<ul><li>Program modules are objects with mutable private state accessed via
+methods.</li><li>Every method call appears to execute atomically. So any step is summarized
+by a trace of calls.</li></ul></li><li>Object refinement is inclusion of all possible traces.</li><li>Composing objects hides internal method calls.</li><li>Use standard Coq ASCII syntax for mathematical proofs. These are checked
+automatically, just like type checking. Also benefit from streamlined IDE
+support for Coq.</li><li>Implement a design, which can be refined to check it against the spec (Coq
+tactics are used to prove the refinements). The design is also used to
+generate the RTL.</li><li>We are building a translator for the formal RISC-V ISA spec into the
+language of Coq/Kami.</li><li>Building an open library of formally verified components. Built a
+microcontroller-class RV32I. Working on desktop-class RV64IMA. Also have a
+cache-coherent memory system.</li><li>Reuse our proofs when composing our components with your own formally
+verified accelerators.</li></ul><h2 id=grvi-phalanz-update-jan-gray:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>GRVI Phalanz Update: Jan Gray</h2><ul><li>The industry is looking to FPGAs to help accelerate cloud workloads.</li><li>Software challenge is how to map you multithreaded C++ app to your
+accelerator. On the hardware side, you want to avoid endless tapeouts as you
+tweak your algorithm.</li><li>GRVI Phalanx Accelerator Kit is a parallel processor overlay for
+software-first accelerators. Recompile your application and run on hundreds of
+RISC-V cores.</li><li>GRVI: FPGA-efficient RISC-V processing element. No CSRs or exceptions, but
+does implement mul and lr/sc.<ul><li>3-stage pipeline with some resources shared by a pair of cores. Fits in
+320 LUTs.</li><li>Take 8 of these and connect to form a cluster (8PEs, shared RAM). Takes
+approximately 3500 LUTs.</li></ul></li><li>Compose cores using message passing on the FPGA-optimised Hoplite NoC.</li><li>Use a partitioned global address space (PGAS).</li><li>Phalanx: fabric of clusters of PEs, memories, IOs</li><li>FPGAs used in the AWS F1 are huge, over 1.3M LUTs. Last December, fit 1680
+RISC-V cores on that FPGA. 250MHz, 420GIPS, 2.5TB/s cluster memory bandwidth,
+&hellip;</li><li>Working on a GRVI Phalanx SDK. Bridge the Phalanx and AX4 system interfaces
+with message passing bridges.</li><li>8-80 cores on the Pynq.</li><li>Can fit 884 cores on the FPGA on the F1 with 3 DDR controllers, 1240 with 1
+DDR controller.</li><li>Currently program using bare metal multithreaded C++ and message. Working on
+an OpenCL-based solution. Use the new &lsquo;SDAccell for RTL&rsquo;.</li><li>SDK coming, allowing 8-80-800-10000 core designs. All enabled by the
+excellent RISC-V ecosystem.</li></ul><h2 id=a-tightly-coupled-light-weight-neural-network-processing-unit-with-risc-v-core-lei-zhang:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>A tightly-coupled light-weight neural network processing unit with RISC-V Core: Lei Zhang</h2><ul><li>Neural networks can be used to replace computation-intensive but
+error-resilient code.</li><li>Connected a tightly-coupled neural accelerator to a Rocket core through the
+RoCC interface.</li><li>Extended the instruction set. Added NPE instructions for neural accelerator
+initialisation and invocation. Also DMA instructions for data initialization
+in a buffer. Finally, AGU instructions for data streaming from buffer to
+processing elements.</li><li>The Neural Accelerator is a one-dimensional systolic array.</li></ul><h2 id=lacore-a-risc-v-based-linear-algebra-accelerator-for-soc-designs-samuel-steffi:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Lacore: A RISC-V based linear algebra accelerator for SoC designs: Samuel Steffi</h2><ul><li>Linear algebra is a foundation of high performance computing.</li><li>Most HPC apps can be reduced to a handful of computation classes:
+sparse/dense linear algebra, FFT, structured/unstructured grids. These all
+have overlap with linear algebra.</li><li>LACore targets a wide range of applications and tries to overcome hardware
+issues of other approaches (GPU, fixed-function accelerators).</li><li>Five main pieces in the LACore additions to the scalar SCPU<ul><li>LAExecUnit: mixed-precision systolic datapath connected to LAMemUnits with
+FIFOs. 3 inputs and 1 output, dual precision (32 and 64-bit). Datapath
+consists of a vector unit and a reduction unit.</li><li>LAMemUnits: read and write data-streams to the datapath FIFOs and
+LACache/Scratchpad. Can read or write scalars, vectors, matrices, and sparse
+matrices.</li><li>LAcfg provides configuration to LAMemUnits. These registers hold all info
+about data-stream type, precision, location etc.</li><li>64kb scratchpad (3r1w).</li><li>64kb LACache with 4 ports (3r1w) and 16 banks</li></ul></li><li>Adding 68 new instructions, broadly split into 3 classes: configuration,
+data movement, and execution.</li><li>The LACoreAPI allows the accelerator to be programmed.</li><li>Started by implementing in gem5. This was ~25kloc of C++ and Python.</li><li>Implemented the HPC Challenge (HPCC) benchmark suite. Compared versus a
+in-order RISC-V core, superscalar x86 core with SSE2, and equivalent Fermi GPU
+with 2 streaming multiprocessors. LACore saw a speedup of 3.43x over x86,
+10.72x vs baseline RISC-V, and 12.04 vs the GPU baseline.</li><li>Estimated area is only 2.53x the area of a single RISC-V scalar CPU and
+0.60x the area of the equivalent GPU.</li><li>Freely available <a href=https://github.com/scale-lab/la-core>here</a>.</li><li>Currently working a LACore multi-core design and evaluation, as well as an
+ASIC implementation and eventual tapeout.</li></ul><h2 id=packet-manipulation-processor-a-risc-v-vliw-core-for-networking-applications-salvatore-pontarelli:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Packet manipulation processor. A RISC-v VLIW core for networking applications: Salvatore Pontarelli</h2><ul><li>Network &ldquo;softwareization&rdquo; is seen as the optimal solution to design next
+generation network infrastructures, services, and applications.</li><li>Want high speed: 100-200Gbps (as achievable with FPGAs and network
+processors) and beyond, 5Tbps as achievable with programmable forwarding
+dataplanes.</li><li>Propose an architecture where programmable forwarding dataplanes are
+augmented with a PMP (packet manipulation processor)</li><li>Design a small, efficient CPU for packet manipulation. Deploy the PMP at the
+output port. Want to process packets at 10/40Gbps.</li><li>Possible programmable actions: inband packet reply, custom tunneling,
+NAT/PNAT.</li><li>The PMP has a small instruction memory (typically need less than 8K
+instructions). Small data memory (8KB). Flat memory, no cache hierarchy.</li><li>PMP throughput: 10Gbps is 14.88Mpps, 67 clock cycles at 1GHz. A multi-core
+CPU is one approach, but has challenges regarding the reordering of packets.
+Pursue a VLIW solution instead.</li><li>The PMP is a static 8-issue VLIW RISC-V core with the RV32I instruction set.
+Has a 32-bit dataplane (to be upgraded). Written in VHDL. Features branch
+prediction, lane forwarding.</li><li>Implemented in a NetFPGA based programmable dataplane.</li><li>Synthesized at 250MHz on FPGA.</li></ul><h2 id=adding-a-binarized-cnn-accelerator-to-risc-v-for-person-detection-guy-lemieux:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Adding a Binarized CNN Accelerator to RISC-V for Person Detection: Guy Lemieux</h2><ul><li>This talk uses VectorBlox Vector instructions, which are not the same as the
+vector instructions proposed in the RISC-V vector working group.</li><li>Prototyped in the Lattice iCE40 UltraPlus FPGA (5280 LUTs, 1Mb SRAM).</li><li>Inspired by BinaryConnect. Built a custom database, performed other
+optimisations, and managed 98% accuracy.</li><li>Use Orca (open source, BSD licensed). Written in VHDL, 200MHz fully
+pipelined, less than 2000 4LUTs.</li><li>Added streaming vector extensions and binary CNN accelerator.</li><li>The streaming vector instructions (SVE) operate only on stream memory. Add
+streaming version of all the base RV32 integer operations, multiply
+instructions. Add in some extra instructions such as mov, conditional move,
+comparisons, and vector control instructions. Packed SIMD can be supported
+naturally with this approach to vectors.</li><li>Would also like to add an extra SVE extension for DMA.</li><li>SVE has a base 32-bit encoding, as well an extended 64-bit encoding.</li><li>Can redirect the data to a domain-specific streaming pipeline.</li><li>4852 4-input LUTs for the whole solution.</li><li>Releasing the VectorBlox instruction set as an open specification, and
+joining the RISC-V vector working group to discuss it as a potential
+alternative.</li><li>SVE vs the RISC-V vector extension<ul><li>A &ldquo;memory-to-memory&rdquo; architecture, challenging the conventional wisdom of
+RISC.</li><li>No named vector registers in the ISA (no register allocation, no compiler
+changes needed)</li><li>High performance. Free loop unrolling, no saving/restoring of vector data.</li><li>No storage wasted with streaming memory. Free software scratchpad if
+vectors aren&rsquo;t used.</li><li>Easier/simpler hardware. Double-buffered DMA instead of prefetching +
+vector register renaming.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc5-improving-support-for-risc-v-in-gem5-alex-roelke:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>RISC5. Improving support for RISC-V in gem5: Alex Roelke</h2><ul><li>gem5 is a popular cycle approximate simulator, which can be very useful in
+RISC-V hardware development.</li><li>RISC-V in gem5 supports RV64GC. It uses syscall emulation and doesn&rsquo;t yet
+support the privileged ISA.</li><li>Implemented the release consistency memory model for atomics.</li><li>Floating point support was verified against spike and a hardware design.</li><li>The main challenge when implementing the compressed instruction was
+interfacing with gem5&rsquo;s existing decode logic.</li><li>In the future, want to support multithreaded workloads in syscall emulation
+mode, enable full system mode (privileged ISA), and correct minor differences
+(e.g. floating point rounding).</li></ul><h2 id=renode-a-flexible-open-source-simulation-for-risc-v-system-development-michael-gielda:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>Renode. A flexible open-source simulation for RISC-V system development: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>AntMicro was founded in 2009 and has been developing Renode since 2010.</li><li>Why did we build Renode? Observed data workflows for embedded development.
+Needed a fast simulator for software developers, as close to production as
+possible. Must support multi-node simulation, easy reuse of models, and be
+extensible.</li><li>It is an instruction set simulator, mostly written in C#. It supports fully
+deterministic execution, transparent debugging, integration with familiar
+tools (e.g. GDB).</li><li>Renode is open source, has a flexible structure and is constructed out of
+modular building blocks.</li><li>The platform description format is human readable, modular, and extendible.</li><li>Worked with Microsemi to support the Mi-V platform, integrate with
+SoftConsole IDE, and support Windows as a first-class platform.</li><li>Renode supports a range of handy features, such as fault injection,
+record/replay, and more.</li></ul><h2 id=qemu-based-hardware-modelling-of-a-multi-hard-risc-v-soc-daire-mcnamara:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>QEMU-based hardware modelling of a multi-hard RISC-V SoC: Daire McNamara</h2><ul><li>Wanted to explore have separate execution contexts on the same SoC that are
+free from interference (e.g. one core running an RTOS, while others run a
+general purpose OS).</li><li>In the SiFive Unleashed platform, the E51 provides services for other U54
+harts.</li><li>E51 services/peripheral drivers are implemented as event-driven state
+machines. These are describes via a structure and states are named.</li><li>Needed an emulator to model all of this.</li><li>Modified RISC-V QEMU:<ul><li>Updated privileged spec support.</li><li>Hart synchronisation (IPIs)</li><li>Modelling physical memory protection</li><li>PLIC, CLINT, local interrupts</li><li>Support for managing contexts of multiple harts</li><li>Modelling L1/L2 cache configuration register writes/reads</li><li>&hellip;</li></ul></li><li>U54-MC QEMU hasn&rsquo;t yer been upstreamed to the main RISC-V QEMU github repo
+yet.</li><li>Can boot Linux to console and interact, but it&rsquo;s a little slow (takes about
+15 minutes).</li><li>Future plans: improve speed, add vectorisation for local interrupts, device
+tree support, QOM, remote control of real hardware. Finally, clean up and
+upstream.</li></ul><h2 id=firesim-cycle-accurate-rack-scale-system-simulation-using-fpgas-in-the-public-cloud-sagar-karandikar:c1190c9fce5ebff3a640819731087371>FireSim. Cycle-Accurate Rack-Scale System Simulation using FPGAs in the Public Cloud: Sagar Karandikar</h2><ul><li>Why simulate datacenters? Next-gen datacenters won&rsquo;t be built only from
+commodity components, and custom hardware is changing faster than ever.</li><li>Our simulator needs to model hardware at scale (CPUs down to
+microarchitecture, fast networks and switches, novel accelerators), run real
+software, and be usable.</li><li>One way to test would be to build the hardware, get the chips back, then
+network together into a datacenter. This has obvious disadvantages.</li><li>Alternatively, use a software simulator. Easy to prototype new hardware this
+way, but also easy to model something that you can&rsquo;t build. Additionally, it
+can be very slow to run, requiring the use of small microbenchmarks or
+sampling.</li><li>Or, build a hardware-accelerated simulator (see DIABLO). You need to
+hand-write RTL models, which in many ways is harder than &ldquo;tapeout-ready&rdquo; RTL.</li><li>How do we improve? Harness useful hardware trends such as the open RISC-V
+SoC, open silicon designs, high productivity hardware design languages
+(Chisel), FPGAs in the cloud.</li><li>FireSim target design: server blades, each with quad-core RISC-V Rocket at
+3.2GHz, 16KiB I+D cache, 256KiB L2, 16Gb DRAM, 200Gbps Ethernet NIC, optional
+accelerators. The network has parameterisable bandwidth/link latency and a
+configurable topology.</li><li>Transform the RTL to simulate on the FPGA. For the network simulation, use
+CPUs and the host network (one thread per port).</li><li>FAME-1 transforming RTL: given RTL, want to automatically transform it into
+decoupled cycle-accurate simulator RTL that we can run on the FPGA.</li><li>Can pack four quad-core server simulations per FPGA, meaning 32 server
+simulations per f1.16xlarge (128 simulated cores). Use a 32-port 200Gbps
+per-port top of rack switch model. The simulation runs at 5MHz (~400 million
+instructions/second). $13.20/hr on-demand, ~$2.60/hr on the spot market.</li><li>Can scale to simulating a 1024 node RISC-V datacenter. Ran across 32
+f1.16xlarge instances. In aggregate, runs at 3.4MHz (13 billions insts/s
+across the simulated datacenter).</li><li>Can also achieve &ldquo;functional&rdquo; network simulation. e.g. allowing all of
+SPECInt06-ref to run on Rocket Chip at 150MHz (completing in less than one
+day).</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>January 12, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>lowRISC 0.5 milestone release</a>
+is now available. The various changes are best described in our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/ethernet-v0.5/>accompanying
+documentation</a>, but the main focus
+is the integration of open-source Ethernet IP. The tutorial demonstrates how
+to use Ethernet support to boot with an NFS root, as well as with a rootfs on
+SD card.</p><p>Our main development focus currently is migrating to a newer version of the
+upstream Rocket chip design and reintegrating our changes on top of that, but
+we felt that the integration of Ethernet support merits a release before that
+change.</p><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
+repository</a>, or discuss on our
+<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing
+list</a>.
+As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
+advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 8, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/>eighth RISC-V
+workshop</a> is
+going
+on today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
+announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Follow <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>here</a> for the
+day two live blog.</p><p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/>available at
+riscv.org</a>.</p><h2 id=introduction-rick-o-connor:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor</h2><ul><li>This workshop has 325 attendees representing 101 companies and 25
+universties. Largest outside of Silicon Valley.</li><li>Rick gives the usual overview of the RISC-V Foundation structure.</li><li>The RISC-V Foundation currently has over 150 members, including invidual
+members. These members are distributed across 25 countries around the world.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-state-of-the-union-krste-asanovic:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>RISC-V state of the union: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Krste gives an overview of the RISC-V ISA for newcomers.</li><li>RISC-V encoding terminology.<ul><li>Standard: defined by the Foundation</li><li>Reserved: Foundation might eventually use this space for future standard
+extensions.</li><li>Custom: Space for impelmenter-specific extensions, never claimed by
+Foundation.</li></ul></li><li>The RISC-V big tent philosophy: enable all types of RISC-V implementation,
+from 32-bit microcontrollers with 1KiB SRAM up to 64-bit Unix servers with
+virtualisation or 128-bit 100k-core supercomputer with PiBs DRAM, open or
+proprietary business models, non-conforming extensions, software
+implementations (e.g. QEMU), &hellip;<ul><li>Minimize wasted work through maximum reuse. Factor out platform-level
+requirements from reusable ISA and software modules</li><li>Use standard platform profiles to reduce ecosystem effort.</li></ul></li><li>A system is minimally RISC-V-ISA-compliant if it runs claimed RISC-V
+unprivileged code correctly. e.g. gcc-compiled RV32IMAC functions work
+correctly. Platform must support loading program, returning result etc.</li><li>One set of unprivileged ISA compliance tests should be able to run on any
+platform. There is a challenge here in handling tiny platforms, e.g. 1KiB
+SRAM.</li><li>A platform specification provides tight constraints on system configuration
+and options to support a software ecosystem.<ul><li>It provides an interface between platform hardware and software, including
+privileged levels.</li><li>Avoid unnecessary duplication. Where it&rsquo;s possible to define a common
+standard, do so.</li><li>Platform compliance tests will be built in collaboration with the relevant
+ecosystem. e.g. server platform compliance, ZephyrOS platform compliance.</li></ul></li><li>Software is king in the RISC-V land<ul><li>ISA extensions need compiler/linker/library support</li><li>There&rsquo;s no point adding instructions if no software wants to use it.</li><li>ISA proposals should be sensible to implement.</li><li>Finished now is better than perfect sometime. But at the same time,
+shouldn&rsquo;t rush to freeze a spec before it&rsquo;s ready.</li></ul></li><li>Open-source hardware vs software<ul><li>Some lessons from the free/open source software community apply, but many
+things are different. e.g. very large investments in hardware that cannot be
+changed once manufactured, threat of patent lawsuits</li></ul></li><li>Major milestones in 2017<ul><li>Fixed holes in user ISA, no changed now in IMAFDQC</li><li>Froze priv-1.10 spec. Updates must be backwards compatible</li><li>Memory model work</li><li>Linux ABI frozen</li><li>Debug spec completed</li></ul></li><li>2018 initiatives<ul><li>Working to prepare the base ISA for ratifications</li><li>Formal spec in progress</li><li>Hypervisor spec done, need implementations</li><li>Crypto in progress</li><li>J (dynamic translation / runtimes) in progress</li><li>Packed SIMD in progress</li><li>Security task group ongoing</li><li>Fast interrupts started</li><li>Trace started</li><li>Krste comments it may take longer to finish these things vs comparable
+industry projects. Have many more stakeholders giving input.</li></ul></li><li>2018 embedded platform<ul><li>New ABI for embedded (e.g. long double = 64bit)</li><li>Build on RV32E</li><li>compiler/library work for improved code compression</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V and security<ul><li>Set up security standing committee. Chaired by Helena Handschuh (Rambus),
+vice-chair Joe Kiniry (Galois Research).</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=the-state-of-risc-v-software-palmer-dabbelt:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>The state of RISC-V software: Palmer Dabbelt</h2><ul><li>Palmer shows a picture of Xorg with web browser, terminal, webcam, and a 3d
+video game all running on a RISC-V core (SiFive Unleashed with Microsemi
+add-on board).</li><li>GNU-based toolchains<ul><li>binutils, gcc, glibc, newlib all upstreamed.</li></ul></li><li>The RISC-V Linux kernel port was upstreamed in January 2018. It only
+supports RV64I systems for now, and is currently missing some platform
+drivers. Help would be welcomed in getting these upstream.</li><li>RISC-V Fedora and Debian support is in progress</li><li>RISC-V LLVM port is making rapid progress. RV32IMFDC upstream. [As a
+correction to the talk, compressed support is upstream - thanks to
+contributions from Andes Tech and Qualcomm!]</li><li>Bootloaders: U-boot is upstream, TianoCore is a work in progress. Coreboot
+RISC-V support is upstream but a little out of date. UEFI standard process is
+ongoing.</li><li>Embedded runtimes: Zephry is upstream, seL4 upstream, FreeRTOS exists but
+isn&rsquo;t upstream, Micrium uC/OS is available, as is ThreadX.</li><li>Debugging: GDB port upstream, OpenOCD exists but not upstream. Also
+commercial debuggers: Segger, Lauterbach, UltraSoC, IAR is upcoming.</li><li>The core software stack has been supported by a consortium of developers
+from a range of companies.</li><li>RISC-V software implementations: Spike, RV8, Renode, QEMU (upstreamed and
+included in a upstream release about a week ago)</li><li>There are also commercial simulators, such as Imperas OVP and Esperanto&rsquo;s
+simulator.</li><li>Help wanted: OpenJDK JIT port, Arduino runtime</li><li>The RISC-V platform specification working group will define profiles for
+types of RISC-V systems. e.g. bare-metal embedded, RTOS, embedded Linux,
+portable Linux.</li></ul><h2 id=the-risc-v-vector-isa-update-roger-espassa:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>The RISC-V vector ISA update: Roger Espassa</h2><ul><li>The spec isn&rsquo;t yet ready&hellip;but it&rsquo;s getting really close</li><li>Updates and discussion points:<ul><li>Register types moved to an extension.</li><li>Widening multiplies</li><li>Debating whether reductions should be in base or not</li><li>Worked on overlaying V-reg and F-reg to save state, decided against it</li><li>Fixed point vclip instructions</li><li>Mask support for speculative vectorisation</li><li>Possibility to fit integer MADD within encoding</li></ul></li><li>Scalar support: the encoding allows indicating that the destination vreg is
+a &ldquo;scalar shape&rdquo;. Introduce VLO/VSO to load/store single scalar elements.</li><li>Roger is outlining the newly introduced instructions. I can&rsquo;t usefully
+summarise these, so you&rsquo;re best waiting for the slides to be published.</li><li>vclip is introduced to help support fixed point.</li><li>FP16 operations are introduced and are required for the V extension.</li><li>The vector extension introduces interesting instructions such as vector-fpr
+merge, vector-fp merge, slide down / slide up</li><li>Plan to close the base spec very soon</li><li>Want to see compiler output before bringing for ratification</li><li>Haven&rsquo;t yet started on formal spec for the vector ISA</li></ul><h2 id=the-isa-formal-spec-technical-update-rishiyur-nikhil:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>The ISA formal spec technical update: Rishiyur Nikhil</h2><ul><li>What what use is an ISA formal spec?<ul><li>Answer questions about compiler correctness. Will executing a certain two
+C programs produce the same results? For all inputs? For all C and
+corresponding RISC-V programs?</li><li>Answer questions on implementation correctness. Will executing this progam
+produce correct results? On all RISC-V processors?</li></ul></li><li>ISA formal spec goals<ul><li>Clear and understandable to the human reader. Precise and complete.
+Machine readable. Executable (run RISC-V programs, boot an OS). Usable with
+various formal tools.</li></ul></li><li>Key issues<ul><li>RISC-V&rsquo;s modularity. A wide range of options, some of which are
+dynamically selectable or can vary between privilege levels. The spec needs
+to capture all combinations and still remain readable.</li><li>Extensibility. Want to allow people to build upon the formal spec to add
+support their own extensions.</li><li>Non-detterminism and concurrency.</li></ul></li><li>Status. Various approaches are being pursued: 3 projects in Haskell, 1
+project in SAIL, 1 project in L3, another in a &lsquo;functional subset&rsquo; of Verilog<ul><li>One of the Haskell projects (led by a team at MIT) is furthest along.
+Models RV32I, RV64I, M, priv U+S+M, Sv39 VM</li></ul></li><li>Next steps: within a couple of months publish a formal spec that is complete
+for RV32IMAC, RV64IMAC, user+supervisor+machine mode, sv32+sv39, and a simple
+sequential memory model. Liaise with the compliance group to use the formal
+spec as a golden reference for compliance suites. Then work to integrate with
+the weak memory model.</li><li>Potential follow-up projects (by community?)<ul><li>Formally show equivalences between different ISA formalisations</li><li>Demonstrate extensibility to other standard options (e.g. vector, crypto)</li><li>Use it! (to provide correctness of hardware implementations, compilers,
+&hellip;)</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-memory-consistency-model-status-update-dan-lustig:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>RISC-V memory consistency model status update: Dan Lustig</h2><ul><li>The specification is released for public comment, which will run through to
+June 16th.</li><li>Fundamentally, the RISC-V memory consistency model specifies the values that
+can be returned by loads.</li><li>The RISC-V memory model specification defines the RISC-V weak memory
+ordering (RVWMO) model and extensions: Zam (misaligned atomics), Ztso (Total
+Store Ordering).</li><li>Global memory order (GMO): a total order over the memory operations
+generated by the instructions in each program</li><li>GMO is constrained by the Preserved Program Order (PPO)</li><li>Load Value Axiom</li><li>Atomicity Axiom: no store from another hart can appear in the global memory
+order between a paired LR and successful SC (see spec for full details of
+rule)</li><li>Progress Axiom: no memory operation may be preceded in the global memory
+order by an infinite sequence of other memory operations</li><li>Misaligned AMOs are not supported in the base &lsquo;A&rsquo; extension, but can be
+supported with the &lsquo;Zam&rsquo; extension.</li><li>Ztso strengthens the baseline memory model to TSO, but TSO-only code is not
+backwards-compatible with RVWMO.</li><li>Authored two appendices which give lengthy explanations in plain English as
+well as axiomatic and operational models. More than 7000 litmus tests are
+available online.</li><li>Ongoing/future work<ul><li>Mixed-size, partially overlappy memory accesses</li><li>Instruction fetches and fence.i, TL flushes and sfence.vma etc</li><li>Integrations with V, J, N, T extensions</li><li>&hellip;</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=software-drives-hardware-lessons-learned-and-future-directions-robert-oshana:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Software drives hardware. Lessons learned and future directions: Robert Oshana</h2><ul><li>Software engineers can innovate earlier/often and drive more specific core
+requirements for hardware design team</li><li>Software engineers like to dream of a simple single core running at very
+high clock rate, and zero latency unlimited bandwidth access to a single
+memory. A hardware engineers dreams of many cores at 1ghz with accelerators,
+separate memories etc.</li><li>Trying to achieve even faster development cycles.</li><li>Start with system modelling, move to system definition, and produce
+intrinsic libraries, new instructions, programming model details, and a Chisel
+model.</li><li>Moving towards &ldquo;software driven hardware&rdquo; to support the software
+programming model (2020).</li><li>NXP are using PULPino.</li><li>Challenge: establishing a robust open community for RISC-V. Want to see
+multiple vendors contributing back to the &lsquo;RISC-V ISA mainline&rsquo;.</li><li>Using RISC-V mainly as &lsquo;minion cores&rsquo;. Focused on efficient core designs and
+ISA enhancement for application-specific functionality. e.g. bit manipulation,
+crypto. Other innovation targets include a multi RISC-V core MCU SoC.</li><li>Embedded software engineers will take a bigger role in defining the SoC
+architecture<ul><li>Programming model</li><li>System optimsiation</li></ul></li><li>Open source RISC-V implementations will allow more software driven hardware.
+Ecosystem is vital to success.</li></ul><h2 id=unleashing-the-power-of-data-with-risc-v-martin-fink:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Unleashing the power of data with RISC-V: Martin Fink</h2><ul><li>Why has Western Digital made such a big commitment to RISC-V even though
+they&rsquo;re not in the processor business? Feel there&rsquo;s too much focus on the CPU,
+when the focus needs to be on the data.</li><li>Half the world&rsquo;s data lives on Western Digital devices.</li><li>First Western Digital RISC-V core. 2-way superscalar, mostly in-order core
+with 9 stage pipeline. RV32IMC, 1 load/store pipe, 1 multiplier, 1 divider, 4
+ALU engines.<ul><li>Performance targets at 28nm. Dhrystone greater than 2MIPS/Mhz, CoreMark
+over 3 CM/MH. 1GHz operation.</li><li>Built to show it can be done and better understand RISC-V</li><li>Most of the work went into the uncore.</li></ul></li><li>Produced a NAND controller SoC using RISC-V. Added instruction optimisations
+for NAND media handling.</li><li>Still on track to ship first products with RISC-V in 2019.</li><li>RISC-V in embedded<ul><li>Free and open IP connectivity buses enabling plug and play of proprietary
+and open source IPs</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V in enterprise<ul><li>Datacenter CPUs with smart, fast and open peripheral buses enable new
+compute paradigms for AI workloads</li></ul></li><li>General purpose architectures are no longer sufficient. Workload diversity
+demands diverse technologies and architectures.</li><li>Open source software licenses can apply to HDL, GDSII, Gerber. There is more
+work still needed though.</li><li>Strong believer in the GPLv2. The troubling part about permissive licensing
+is it allows people to do proprietary things without sharing. Pragmatically,
+many companies gravitate towards permissive licenses like Apache. Hope to move
+work word towards copyleft over time.</li><li>Western Digital is working to support development of open source IP building
+blocks for the community. Will actively partner and invest in the ecosystem.
+Accelerate development of purpose-built processors for a broad range of Big
+Data and Fast Data environments.</li><li>There is a multi-year transition of Western Digital devices, platforms and
+systems to RISC-V.</li><li>Question from the audience: will Western Digital be open sourcing their
+cores? Would like to, but not making a commitment today. One of the challenges
+is uncoupling from the uncore. Ultimately hope to share cores and IP blocks.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-debugging-custom-isa-extensions-multicore-dtm-variants-markus-goehrle:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>RISC-V debugging. Custom ISA extensions, multicore, DTM variants: Markus Goehrle</h2><ul><li>Support for a variety of external and internal interfaces, as well as
+interconnections of standard debug transport modules (DTM).</li><li>TRACE32 has Linux-awareness, including the ability to view resources such as
+task and kernel modules, addresses of dynamic objects etc.</li><li>Support heterogeneous systems, custom ISA extensions</li><li>Found that a lot of customers have built something based on the draft debug
+specification, as well as others who implement their own custom debug IP.
+People are also doing custom solutions for trace. The speaker strongly urges
+people to feed into the debug specification standardisation process.</li></ul><h2 id=gdb-for-risc-v-jeremy-bennett:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>GDB for RISC-V: Jeremy Bennett</h2><ul><li>GDB support was committed upstream as of early March, including basic bare
+metal support. This sees nightly regression tests with a pass rate above 99%.</li><li>Next steps include:<ul><li>XML target description support</li><li>Memory map support</li><li>Remote I/O support</li><li>Adding non-DWARF stack unwinding</li><li>Upstreaming a GDB Simulator</li><li>Linux application debugging</li></ul></li><li>GDB support for multicore debug is evolving, with support for multiple
+active inferiors with their own flow of control and address space. Each
+inferior is associated with a program space (symbol table and DWARF debug
+information) for the code running on that inferior.</li><li>Upstream GDB supports multiple concurrent inferiors which has been tested
+for RISC-V with a 36-core system. More work is needed for complex address
+spaces (e.g. where some memory is shared with other inferiors).</li></ul><h2 id=a-common-software-development-environment-for-many-core-risc-v-hardware-and-virtual-platforms-gajinder-panessar-and-simon-davidmann:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>A common software development environment for many-core RISC-V hardware and virtual platforms: Gajinder Panessar and Simon Davidmann</h2><ul><li>Talking today about a collaboration between Imperas and UltraSoC to provide
+a common environment for debugging simulation-based and hardware debug.</li><li>Chip designs are getting more complex, including asymmetric multi-core.</li><li>Embedded software is increasingly important and engineering intensive.</li><li>Traditionally use GDB, with one instance per core. This has little
+visibility as it only sees the memory space of the attached CPU. It also gives
+poor control, and bugs may occur non-deterministically.</li><li>Imperas provide a commercial simulation solution, running at 100-2000MIPS.<ul><li>This suports the Imperas &lsquo;MPD&rsquo; full platform debugger.</li></ul></li><li>UltraSoC provide IP for debug/monitoring for the whole SoC</li><li>Imperas and UltraSoC have collaborated to provide a common solution.</li></ul><h2 id=hifive-unleashed-world-s-first-multi-core-risc-v-linux-dev-board-yunsup-lee:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>HiFive unleashed. World&rsquo;s First Multi-Core RISC-V Linux Dev Board: Yunsup Lee</h2><ul><li>When Instagram was acquired for $1B it has just 13 engineers. They achieved
+that partially by reusing open source software.</li><li>See SiFive silicon cloud services as a parallel to Amazon AWS. Offers a
+selection of CPU soft IPs, prototype ASICs, production ASICs.</li><li>Talking today about the Freedom Unleashed platform. Features 4 application
+cores and 1 embedded core.</li><li>The HiFive Unleashed board feature an SiFive FU540-C000, 8GB DDR4, Gigabit
+Ethernet port, 32MB Quad SPI flash, microSD card for removable storage,
+MicroUSB for debug and serial communication, digital GPIO pins, FMC connector.</li><li>Did a preliminary SPECINT2006 comparison. Competitive with A53 chips from
+Rockchip or Alwinner (higher than the lower-clocked Allwinner, but slower than
+the Rockchip).</li><li>Open-V: a SiFive/ONCHIP microcontroller based on Freedom Everywhere. Built
+in TSMC 180nm, 3.3mm x 2.6mm. 2.7M transistors. ONCHIP provided a range of
+analog IP, which were integrated with a SiFive E31 core. The components will
+be available through SiFive.</li><li>You can now submit proposals for your own freedom chip through the
+&ldquo;Democratizing Ideas&rdquo; program. Partners will be announced at the First Annual
+RISC-V Summit in December. Deadline is the end of October.</li><li>RISC-V is completing the innovation cycle of research, education, and
+industry.</li></ul><h2 id=hifive-unleashed-expansion-kit-ted-marena:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>HiFive unleashed expansion kit: Ted Marena</h2><ul><li>Marketing update: Looking for collaboration on a porting to RISC-V
+whitepaper. Would also like to see member companies communicating why they
+chose RISC-V.</li><li>Microsemi set up the MI-V ecosystem to support various RTOSes on soft RISC-V
+cores on FPGA.</li><li>The Mi-V HiFive Unleashed Expansion board connects to the HiFive board via
+FMC. Has PCIe connectors, SATA, HDMI, USB, microSD.</li><li>Porting an application from ARM to RISC-V is the same effort as porting from
+one ARM SoC to another. No two ARM SoCs have the same memory map or peripheral
+functionality. Neither will RISC-V SoCs.</li><li>Mi-V HiFive Unleashed board aims to accelerate the RISC-V Linux ecosystem,
+enabling the community to port tools, OSes, middleware, packages to RISC-V.</li></ul><h2 id=simulating-heterogeneous-multi-node-32-bit-and-64-bit-risc-v-systems-running-linux-and-zephry-with-renode-michael-gielda:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Simulating heterogeneous multi-node 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V systems running Linux and Zephry with Renode: Michael Gielda</h2><ul><li>Antmicro: &lsquo;turn ideas into software-driven products&rsquo;</li><li>Check out renode.io</li><li>Renode is an open source instruction set simulator with a multi-layered
+framework on top. It mimics entire platforms.</li><li>Cores are implemented in C, and the rest is implemented in C&rsquo;, Python, or
+any .NET-compatible language.</li><li>Strengths include transparent and robust debugging, easy integration, rich
+model abstractions, &hellip;</li><li>Renode has a simple platform description format that is human readable,
+modular, and extendible.</li><li>Also have the capability to simulate entire networks or wireless and wired
+devices in one time domain.</li><li>Can save and restore whole simulation state.</li></ul><h2 id=debian-gnu-linux-port-for-risc-v-64-bit-manuel-fernandez-montecelo:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Debian GNU/Linux port for RISC-V 64-bit: Manuel Fernandez Montecelo</h2><ul><li>Goal is to have Debian ready to install and run on RISC-V systems.</li><li>Debian has more than 27k source packages, and also supports other kernels
+such as FreeBSD or GNU Hurd.</li><li>There are three kinds of Debian port<ul><li>Those outside of Debian infrastructure, e.g. Raspbian.</li><li>Unofficial/unsupported. Not in &lsquo;stable&rsquo; releases but hosted in Debian
+infrastructure.</li><li>Officially supported. Part of the &lsquo;stable&rsquo; releases and fully supported.</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V is currently unofficial, working its way towards officially
+supported.</li><li>Initial plan<ul><li>Bootstrap and create viable, basic OS disk images</li><li>Get it to the state of &lsquo;unofficial/unsupported&rsquo;</li><li>Move towards an official backend</li></ul></li><li>Why not 32-bit or 128-bit variants?<ul><li>Too early for 128</li><li>32-bit ports struggle to get large packages built. Plus less work has been
+done on 32-bit Linux-capable systems.</li></ul></li><li>Started in 2016, but went in haitus until late 2017/early 2018 for Linux and
+glibc upstreaming and freezing of the ABI.</li><li>25th Feb - 5th March: Cross-built base set of packages</li><li>5th - 13th March: First &lsquo;native&rsquo; build.</li><li>13th - 23rd March: Second &lsquo;native&rsquo; build in a clean environment (isolated
+environment similar to &lsquo;production&rsquo; auto-builders.</li><li>75% of packages are now there. Progress is slowing down as many of the
+remaining packages are either very large or difficult.</li><li>Uncovered a range of bugs in QEMU, toolchain and so on.</li><li>Manuel has a long lost of contributors to thank. Thank you to everyone who
+helped make this port happen!</li></ul><h2 id=fedora-on-risc-v-richard-jones:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Fedora on RISC-V: Richard Jones</h2><ul><li>Every few years Red Hat Enterprise Linux is forked from Fedora.</li><li>Red Hat and Fedora have a strong upstream first policy</li><li>Final bootstrap took 2 months. 16725 builds producing 12785 binary packages</li><li>The current build farm contains 2 HiFive unleashed boards, 11 qemu instances
+on 4 Intel servers.</li><li>The server market is worth about $80B/year annually. 3 billion physical
+servers are shipped a year. Of those, x86 servers are about 85% of the market
+by value.</li><li>Don&rsquo;t make these mistakes for the server market:<ul><li>Require manual intervention to choose the right bootloader/kernel per
+vendor</li><li>Require out of tree drivers or patches</li><li>No standards or constantly changing standards</li><li>No organisation providing direction on server standards</li><li>Incompatible variants of the ISA meaning a single kernel image can&rsquo;t be
+made</li><li>Breaking ABIs</li><li>Intimately tied to Linux so other OS vendors are excluded</li><li>Dev boards being too expensive for developers</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=smallest-risc-v-device-for-next-generation-edge-computing-seiji-munetoh:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Smallest RISC-V device for next-generation edge computing: Seiji Munetoh</h2><ul><li>First target application is authentication. HMAC-SHA256 and variants</li><li>Use optical communication for host/device comms</li><li>Use SRAM to emulate storage memory chip</li><li>The BootROM is synthesized and embedded in the SoC</li><li>The first generation processor utilises a PULPino core. Target GF14LP, 300um
+x 250uM. 2KB data SRAM. Plus authentication engine, analog custom circuits
+(LDO, clock/reset, PD/LED IF).</li><li>Created a 2.5D integrated device, use a silicon interposer less than 1mm2.
+Processor SoC plus 32KB MPI-SRAM, plus optical IO (MicroLED, MicroPD), plus
+power.</li><li>Evaluated the architecture using low cost FPGA boards (ZedBoard, Zybo,
+Arty).</li><li>Moved the instruction SRAM out of the processor die, and evaluate the
+performance effect of different widths between processor and external SRAM.
+Ended up using an 8-bit bus configuration.</li><li>Improved SHA256 performance by adding a hwardware engine.</li><li>Made a debug chip packaged in QFP64 wire-bond</li><li>Currently testing the 2.5D integrated device</li><li>The second generation device was taped out in Feb 2018, featuring a new SoC
+design with instruction cache, RF interface, sensors.</li></ul><h2 id=poster-and-demo-previews:64ad415d4847dfba34ea36fbecbfd447>Poster and demo previews</h2><ul><li>Far too fast-paced to summarise. Be sure to come back tomorrow for a new
+liveblog. If you&rsquo;re here at the workshop, be sure to come and say hello during
+the poster session.</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 9, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/04/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-agenda/>eighth RISC-V
+workshop</a> is
+continuing
+today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and
+announcements throughout the day.</p><p>Look back <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>here</a> for
+the day one live blog.</p><p>Note that slides from most presentations are now <a href=https://riscv.org/2018/05/risc-v-workshop-in-barcelona-proceedings/>available at
+riscv.org</a>.</p><h2 id=fast-interrupts-for-risc-v-krste-asanovic:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic</h2><ul><li>Embedded is a major use for RISC-V. There is a desire for faster interrupt
+handling with support for nested preempted interrupts.</li><li>Summary of current RISC-V interrupts<ul><li>Local interrupts are directly connected to one hart. There&rsquo;s no
+arbitration between harts to service. Determine cause through xcause CSR.
+Only two standard local interrupts (software, timer).</li><li>Global (external) interrupts are routed via the platform-level interrupt
+controller (PLIC) which arbitrates between multiple harts claiming an
+interrupt.</li></ul></li><li>The machine interrupt pending (mip) CSR contains bits for local software,
+local timer, and external interrupts (from the PLIC). It tells you which
+interrupts are present.</li><li>mie mirrors the layout of mip, and allows you to enable/disable interrupts.</li><li>mstatus keeps track of interrupt status, containing a small interrupt stack.</li><li>The interrupt is reported in the mcause CSR. The exception code indicates
+which interrupt was responsible - you might have to then interrogate the PLIC
+if it was an external interrupt.</li><li>mtvec (machine trap vector base) contains the address of the trap vector
+(&lsquo;base&rsquo;). It also contains bits which control whether interrupts are direct
+(all exceptions and interrupts jump to base) or vectored (exceptions go to
+base, interrupts are vectored).</li><li>There&rsquo;s two parts of an interrupt: what you were doing when it happened
+(state context), and what you&rsquo;re going to do. mepc and mstatus allow the
+contact to be saved and restored.</li><li>Problems with current interrupts:<ul><li>Hardware preemption is only possible by switching privileged modes</li><li>Fixed priority for local interrupts</li><li>The vector table holds jumps instructions, which can only jump +/- 1MiB. A
+free register would be required to jump further, resulting in even more
+instructions.</li><li>PLIC has variable priority, but the vectoring must be done in software.</li><li>The PLIC needs two memory accesses: one to claim it, one to indicate
+completion.</li><li>The Unix ABI (which is the only one that has been standardised) requires
+many registers to be saved/restored.</li></ul></li><li>Have had input via multiple proposals: Andes, Syntacore, Seagate, Liviu
+Ionescu, SiFive</li><li>There have been discussions on the list about the interrupt handler
+interface for software. It comes down to a choice between having the interrupt
+handler as a regular C function (requiring save/restore of all caller-save
+registers in hardware or software) or an inline handler which uses a gcc
+interrupt attribute to convert the function to always callee-save every
+register. Krste suggests both approaches are needed.</li><li>Krste explains how an &ldquo;interrupt&rdquo; attribute on a C function might work. In
+this example, every register is callee-saved, so registers are saved as you
+need to use them.</li><li>If you then went to call a function using the C ABI you need to save/restore
+8 arguments, 7 temporaries, and 1 return address. Even more if you have to
+save the floating point context. Krste argues that moving this to hardware
+isn&rsquo;t enough, you need a new ABI to reduce the amount of state.</li><li>A number of options have been proposed for vectoring.<ul><li>Having function pointers in a table. Downside is this is new functionality
+you&rsquo;d have to add to a pipeline.</li><li>The SiFive proposal is to add a new +/-2GiB offset instruction which is
+only visible in a new interrupt ISA mode. The advantage is the pipeline can
+treat this as a regular instruction fetch, albeit with a different encoding.</li></ul></li><li>Would like to allow each interrupt to be configured with its privilege mode
+and the &lsquo;interrupt level&rsquo; which describes the preemption level, and a
+priority.</li><li>To manage preempted context state it&rsquo;s necessary to push/pop
+mepc/mpp/mil/mie to a memory stack. You also need to remember the previous
+interrupt level, &lsquo;mil&rsquo;. Now multiple levels must be tracked, which Krste
+proposes could be stored in mcause.</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-dsp-p-extension-proposal-chuan-hua-chang:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>RISC-V DSP (P) extension proposal: Chuan-Hua Chang</h2><ul><li>P extension task group will define and ratify a packed-SIMD DSP extension
+containing instructions which operate on XLEN-bit integer registers. It will
+also define compiler intrinsic functions that can be directly used in
+high-level programming languages.</li><li>The initial proposal is based on the AndeStar V3 DSP ISA.</li><li>Supports e.g. 16-bit SIMD instructions with min, max, abs, compare, clip
+operations. Similar for 8-bit SIMD.</li><li>GPR-based SIMD is more efficient for various embedded domains. It addresses
+the need for high performance generic code processing as well as digital
+signal processing.</li><li>Want to make this easy to use through intrinsic functions and optimised DSP
+libraries.</li><li>For 64-bit data types, use pairs of GPRs on RV32. An implementation could of
+course still use a 2R1W register file, but use multiple cycles to read a
+64-bit value.</li><li>After the task group is created, bi-weekly meetings will be set up.</li></ul><h2 id=security-task-group-update-richard-newell:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Security task group update: Richard Newell</h2><ul><li>The security group was previously a task group of the technical committee.
+There is now a new security standing committee, at the same level with the
+marketing and technical committees.</li><li>Task groups will be set up to look at cryptograpshic ISA extensions and
+trusted execution environments for microcontroller</li><li>The full charter will be published on riscv.org</li></ul><h2 id=formal-assurance-for-risc-v-implementations-daniel-m-zimmerman:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Formal assurance for RISC-V implementations: Daniel M. Zimmerman</h2><ul><li>Galois started with a focus on cryptography, but has broadened its scope to
+&ldquo;high assurance everything&rdquo;</li><li>There are a range of definitions for RISC-V. The human-readable instruction
+manual, mechanisations in the form of software simulators or hardware
+implementations. The formal model working group have also been working on
+this.</li><li>How can we provide assurance about these definitions / mechanisations?</li><li>Assurance means: the system does what it is supposed to do and doesn&rsquo;t do
+anything else.</li><li>When trying to get assurance through compliance tests, a huge burden is put
+on the shoulders of the test writers. Those conformance tests need to be 100%
+complete. This also doesn&rsquo;t help determine if an implementation has
+undesirable behaviours.</li><li>Alternatively, formally verify your system. Compile a model to RTL via
+clash, then use equivalence checking tools to compare against your own
+implementation.</li><li>Need machine-readable specification of the correctness and security of an
+implementation as well as a way to measure the conformance of an
+implementation.</li><li>How to validate a specification?<ul><li>Might perform rigorous validation through execution: ad hoc testing,
+simulation coverage analysis, or bisimulation.</li><li>Alternatively perform rigorous verification through formal reasoning:
+prove test benches always pass, verification coverage analysis, or
+bisimulation.</li></ul></li><li>Security properties require a different approach. They typically have a
+different form, e.g. &ldquo;the following property must never hold&rdquo;. Galois is
+developing a DSL that lets you specify the architecture, correctness
+properties and security properties of a hardware design. It&rsquo;s also working on
+a security test suite.</li><li>Want to help systems engineers understand and explore the effects of design
+and implementation decisions on power, performance, area, and security.</li><li>Status<ul><li>LANDO DSL is in early stages of development. Expect initial version before
+2018 RISC-V summit</li><li>Security test suite: early stages of development</li><li>Metrics and measures: evaluating existing tools for PPA and looking at
+existing metrics work for security</li><li>Dashboard: early stages of design</li><li>Feature model generation: early stages of design</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=undefined-unspecified-non-deterministic-and-implementation-defined-behavior-in-verifiable-specifications-clifford-wolf:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Undefined, Unspecified, Non-deterministic, and Implementation Defined Behavior in Verifiable Specifications: Clifford Wolf</h2><ul><li>Users of an ISA specification<ul><li>Software engineers: just don&rsquo;t do anything that&rsquo;s not specified</li><li>Software security engineers: what can we expect from the hardware if we do
+the thing that wasn&rsquo;t specified?</li><li>Hardware design engineers: do something safe and simple for anything not
+specified. But what does safe mean?</li><li>Hardware verification engineers</li></ul></li><li>This presentation is a taxonomy of types of &lsquo;not specified&rsquo; behaviour, using
+nomenclature taking from different domains.</li><li>Undefined behaviour: the &ldquo;just don&rsquo;t do that&rdquo; approach to not specifying
+behaviour. The spec is void for any program as a whole if it does this
+undefined behaviour once.</li><li>Could introduce an &lsquo;undefined value&rsquo;, but that has similar issues</li><li>Non-deterministic behaviour / unpredictable behaviour: allow more than one
+choice, which may change under re-execution</li><li>Unspecified value: the instruction will return a value, but the spec doesn&rsquo;t
+say which value</li><li>Implementation defined behaviour / value: similar to unspecified value /
+behaviour, but the implementer must specify what it is.</li><li>Fully specified behaviour: the ideal choice for verification. Explicitly
+state what all implementations must do.</li><li>Clifford strongly prefers implementation defined or fully specified
+behaviour.</li></ul><h2 id=foundational-hpc-systems-in-2020-and-beyond-steven-wallach:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Foundational HPC systems in 2020 and beyond: Steven Wallach</h2><ul><li>Architecture 1.0 (see Mark Hill paper). The world was very
+processor-centric. CPUs with memory attached.</li><li>Architecture 2.0. Not just the ISA. Move towards memory-driven computing.<ul><li>Numerical processing is trivial, but achieving efficient memory access is
+very hard.</li><li>Caches now need to be protected machine state.</li></ul></li><li>An RV128 working group is going to be started, chaired by Steven<ul><li>Propose a 64-bit object ID and 64-bit byte offset.</li></ul></li><li>On an RV128 system, have to be able to execute RV64 programs and map 64-bit
+virtual into 128-bit virtual. Also map system calls.</li><li>Object 0 is kernel object, object 1 RV64, object 2 RV32.</li><li>Encrypted memory is identified with an object ID</li><li>Steven suggests disabling speculation if kernel objects are referenced.</li></ul><h2 id=european-processor-initiative-and-risc-v-mateo-valero:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>European processor initiative and RISC-V: Mateo Valero</h2><ul><li>BSC-CNS is a consortium including the Spanish government, Catalan
+government, and UPC</li><li>Now have 529 people from a wide range of countries.</li><li>Need to reach 50GFlops/W</li><li>MareNostrum 4 has been recognised as the &ldquo;most beautiful datacenter in the
+world&rdquo;. Total peak performance is 13.7 PFlops</li><li>USA, Japan, China are all building huge supercomputers with domestic
+technology. Can the EU do the same?</li><li>The EU has a large HPC ecosystem and a number of centers of excellence in
+HPC applications.</li><li>Through the Mont Blanc project, proposed the use of ARM processors in
+supercomputing applications. Extended current mobile chips with HPC features.</li><li>Europe has only 4 machines in the world top 20.</li><li>With Brexit and Softbank, ARM is not &lsquo;European&rsquo; any more.</li><li>Through EuroHPC, the Commission has proposed to invest 1B.</li><li>The European Processor Initiative is a consortium consisting of 23 partners.
+They will form the company &lsquo;EPI Semiconductor&rsquo; which will produce the EPI
+common platform. Now looking at growing the consortium, including companies
+from other countries.</li><li>Three streams<ul><li>General purpose and common platform. ARM SVE or other candidates. BULL
+will be system integrator / chip integrator.</li><li>Accelerator: RISC-V</li><li>Automotive</li></ul></li><li>RISC-V accelerator vision: throughput-oriented designs, lower power,
+supporting MPI+OpenMP</li></ul><h2 id=securing-high-performance-risc-v-processors-from-time-speculation-chris-celio:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Securing High-performance RISC-V Processors from Time Speculation: Chris Celio</h2><ul><li>Meltdown and Spectre don&rsquo;t just impact a single processor design or a single
+company&rsquo;s design, but really impact any CPU using speculation.</li><li>A timing attack is when a change in your program input affects the time of
+another user.</li><li>There are 3 parts to a timing attack<ul><li>Victim runs code that leaks observable side effects</li><li>Attacker runs code affected by timing leaks</li><li>Attacker measures time his code took to run</li></ul></li><li>Chris built up a taxonomy of time leaks. Two axes: were are we leaking from,
+and what are we directly leaking.</li><li>High level ideas:<ul><li>Don&rsquo;t leak any observable side-effects in the machine if speculation is
+aborted</li><li>Avoid bandwidth interference between different time domains. Depending on
+the time domain you care about, this could be bandwidth to a functional
+unit.</li></ul></li><li>Modern speculative cores have 100-300 instructions in-flight, but not all
+are speculative. About 25% are beyond the point of non-return.</li><li>Idea: do not update predictors speculatively.</li><li>Idea: Don&rsquo;t speculatively update the cache. Could get rid of fully inclusive
+L1/L2/L3 caches in favour of neither exclusive nor inclusive (NENI) caches.
+Then allocate only into the L1 cache.</li><li>Idea: misspeculation recovery should be deterministic. Any shared resource
+can leak time</li><li>Idea: partition caches etc</li><li>Idea: dynamic partitioning</li><li>Idea: partial and full flushes. e.g. flush <sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>4</sub> BTB entries.</li><li>Many other ideas (see the full list in the slides!)</li></ul><h2 id=evaluation-of-risc-v-for-pixel-visual-core-matt-cockrell:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Evaluation of RISC-V for Pixel Visual Core: Matt Cockrell</h2><ul><li>Background: the Pixel Visual Core is a Google-design Image Processing Unit
+(IPU). It has a dedicated A53 which aggregates application layer IPU resource
+requests.</li><li>Looking at adding a microcontroller as a job scheduling and dispatch unit.</li><li>When selecting a core, key considerations were: level of effort (how
+difficult to integrate), risk (stability and reliability of support), and
+license.</li><li>First candidate was the internal &lsquo;Bottle Rocket&rsquo; project. This implements
+RV32IMC, reusing parts of the Rocket design. High level of effort, medium
+risk.</li><li>Second candidate: Merlin (github.com/origintfj/riscv). Low level of effort,
+high risk.</li><li>Third candidate: RI5CY, produced by the PULP team. Low level of effort,
+medium risk.</li><li>Selected RI5CY for a number of reasons: it had been taped out, had good
+infrastructure, the license was acceptable, and it was implemented in
+SystemVerilog rather than Chisel.</li><li>Why SystemVerilog rather than Chisel?<ul><li>SystemVerilog builds on established physical design and verification flows</li><li>Chisel generated verilog loses designer&rsquo;s intent, making it difficult to
+read and debug</li><li>Chisel generated code makes certain physical design items difficult such
+as sync/asnc clocks, power domains, clock domains etc</li></ul></li><li>Next steps: add full compliance for privilege/debug specification and
+evaluate performance impact after adding RI5CY to the Pixel Visual Core.</li></ul><h2 id=linux-ready-rv-gc-andescore-with-architecture-extensions-charlie-su:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Linux-Ready RV-GC AndesCore with Architecture Extensions: Charlie Su</h2><ul><li>The AndeStar V5 architecture adopts RISC-V and adds pre-defined useful Andes
+extensions as well as custom-extension frameworks for domain-specific
+acceleration.</li><li>Baseline extension instructions<ul><li>Memory access and branches with fewer instructions</li><li>Code size reduction on top of C extension (&lsquo;CoDense&rsquo;)</li><li>DSP/SIMD (see P extension proposal)</li><li>Custom instructions</li><li>CSR-based extensions that don&rsquo;t require new instructions. e.g. stack
+protection mechanism, power management, &hellip;</li></ul></li><li>Delivered 32-bit and 64-bit implementations of the V5 architecture
+implementation AndeStar V5m which is a superset of RV-IMAC.</li><li>An N25 (32-bit) small configuration is 37k gates at 28HPC, 1GHz. Large
+configuration is 159k gates.</li><li>Introducing new 25-series cores adding floating point support (N25F/NX25F),
+MMU, and S mode (A25/AX25).</li><li>3.49CM/MHz</li><li>Added hit under miss caches and hardware support for misaligned accesses</li><li>Use single-port SRAMs to reduce area and power</li><li>COPILOT tool allows auto-generation of development tools for a set of custom
+extensions.</li><li>Software<ul><li>Worked with Express Logic to port 64-bit ThreadX</li><li>Added support for AX25 to QEMU</li><li>Working on adding further component support for Linux: u-boot, ftrace,
+loadable modules, Linux perf.</li></ul></li><li>openSUSE is helping to enable their &lsquo;EBBR&rsquo; specification for RISC-V</li></ul><h2 id=processor-trace-in-a-holistic-world-gajinder-panesar:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Processor trace in a holistic world: Gajinder Panesar</h2><ul><li>Understanding program behaviour in complex system isn&rsquo;t easy, and using a
+debugger isn&rsquo;t always possible. Processor Branch Trace can provide visibility
+into program execution.</li><li>Processor Branch Trace works by tracking execution from a known start
+address and sending messages about the deltas taking by the program. For
+uncoditional branches, there is no need to report the destination address.</li><li>The trace encoder ingress port defines singles to export from the processor.
+It contains information such as the privilege mode, address of the
+instruction, the instruction.</li><li>The trace encoer sends a packet which could contain a delta update with a
+subset of information, or a full context to force synchronisation.</li><li>Trace control can control when a trace is generated, or configure filters.</li><li>Saw a mean 0.252 bits/instruction encoding efficiency across a range of
+benchmarks.</li><li>Next steps: set up task group to standardise processor to encoder interface
+and a compressed branch trace format</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-meets-22fdx-an-open-source-ultra-low-power-microcontroller-for-advanced-fdsoi-technologies-pasquale-schiavone-and-sanjay-charagulla:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>RISC-V meets 22FDX. An open source ultra-low power microcontroller for advanced FDSOI technologies: Pasquale Schiavone and Sanjay Charagulla</h2><ul><li>PULP was design for near sensor (aka edge) processing.</li><li>Seen a range of contributions since open sourcing from e.g. Embecosm,
+lowRISC, Micron, Google, &hellip;</li><li>PULPissimo has a rich set of peripherals: QSPI, HyperRam+HyperFlash, camera
+interface, I2C, I2S, JTAG, &hellip; Plus an autonomous IO DMA subsystem (uDMA)</li><li>Implements an efficient low-latency interconnect.</li><li>Used a RI5CY core plus extensions: packed SIMD, fixed point, bit
+manipulation, hardware loops. Included a IEEE 754 single precision floating
+point unit.</li><li>2.3mm2, effective area 1.22mm2. Most of the area taken by memories.</li><li>40MOPS/mW at 350MOPS. 1.4x better performance and 4x better energy
+efficiency than previous design in 40nm</li><li>Can further reduce power to 65MOPS/mw at 350MOPS when executing just from
+SCM.</li><li>Global Foundries produce up to 10M wafers / year (200mm equivalents)</li><li>GF has a dual-track roadmap. Performance optimized FinFET and power
+optimized FD-SOI.</li><li>FDXcelerator is accelerating RISC-V developers and partners. Partners
+include SiFive, Andes, Reduced Energy Microsystems, &hellip;</li><li>This is the first step towards silicon-qualified free-open-source RISC-V IPs
+on GF FDX22 process</li></ul><h2 id=ariane-an-open-source-64-bit-risc-v-application-class-processor-and-latest-improvements-florian-zaruba:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>Ariane. An Open-Source 64-bit RISC-V Application Class Processor and latest improvements: Florian Zaruba</h2><ul><li>Ariane is a Linux-capable 64-bit core</li><li>M, S, U privilege modes. TLB. Tightly integrated D$ and I$, hardware page
+table walker</li><li>Area around 185kGE</li><li>Greater than 1.5GHz at 22FDX</li><li>Critical path is 25 logic levels</li><li>6 stage pipeline. In-order issue, out-of-order writeback, in-order commit</li><li>Why develop another core?<ul><li>Don&rsquo;t want an SoC generator. Don&rsquo;t want to be governed by a 3rd party</li></ul></li><li>First implementation took about 4 months</li><li>Designed for higher performance in the future: dual issue and/or OoO issue</li><li>Verification strategy<ul><li>RISC-V tests</li><li>Torture test framework</li><li>Running applications on FPGA e.g. bootling Linux</li><li>Verification isn&rsquo;t exhaustive, looking into more alternatives</li></ul></li><li>Ariane was open-sourced in February 2018. Already seen non-trivial external
+contributions.</li><li>Latest improvements:<ul><li>Completely revised instruction frontend.</li><li>Re-naming in issue stage</li></ul></li><li>Return address stack cost ~1KGE, improves IPC by 20%. Resolving
+unconditional jumps immediately increases IPC by ~11%. These changes had no
+negative impact on timing.</li><li>Critical paths are on the memory interfaces, especially tag compare and
+address translation for cache access.</li><li>Kerbin is a proof of concept SoC for Ariane featuring PULP peripherals, a
+64-bit interconnect and debug support.</li><li>Compatible with gdb, but require a debug bridge currently.</li><li>Managed to boot Linux after 5 months development</li><li>FPGA: Targeted the VC707. Core runs at 50-100MHz, 15kLUTs.</li><li>Ariane has been taped out in GF22FDX. 910MHz, &hellip;</li><li>Working on Kosmodrom tapeout which includes a high performance and a low
+power version and a floating point accelerator.</li><li>Working on supporting F and D extensions as well as reduced prevision vector
+operations. Stand-alone floating point unit (~200kGE) will be released in the
+next months.</li><li>Also working on improved integer divider, vector unit, and hardware support
+for atomic memory operations</li><li>Help wanted: support for official RISC-V debug, improved branch predictors,
+multithreading, cache-coherent interconnect, &hellip;</li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-support-for-persistent-memory-systems-matheus-ogleari:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>RISC-V support for persistent memory systems: Matheus Ogleari</h2><ul><li>(Missed the first few minutes I&rsquo;m afraid)</li><li>RISC-V changes: introduce new instructions. ucst (uncacheable write to
+memory), ucld (uncacheable read from memory)</li><li>Also modify the cache controller and memory controller</li><li>These changes would enable new applications. Even defining the instructions
+would allow people to start work using software simulation tools.</li></ul><h2 id=the-hybrid-threading-processor-for-sparse-data-kernels-tony-brewer:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>The hybrid threading processor for sparse data kernels: Tony Brewer</h2><ul><li>Sparse data sets that greatly exceed a processor&rsquo;s cache size are a
+challenge for most systems. The cache hit rate is low resulting in idle cores.</li><li>The Hybrid Threading Processor defines extensions for thread and message
+management. It&rsquo;s a high thread count barrel processor similar to Cray&rsquo;s MTA
+architecture.<ul><li>Software-managed coherency</li><li>Event driven processor.</li></ul></li><li>Can perform atomic operations at memory due to the software-managed
+coherency</li><li>The project was funded under the DARPA CHIPS project. This produced two
+chiplets: the memory controller (MC) chiplet and compute near memory (CNM)
+chiplet.</li><li>Implemented a simulator modelling functionality and performance, and also
+performed power estimation.</li><li>Performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal configuration.</li><li>Compared performance for graph spectral clustering vs Haswell, Nvidia K80,
+Nvidia DGX-1. Saw ~25x better energy efficiency.</li></ul><h2 id=how-pulp-based-platforms-are-helping-security-research-frank-gurkaynak:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>How PULP-based platforms are helping security research: Frank Gurkaynak</h2><ul><li>Security of the system is not limited to just &ldquo;one part&rdquo;. You need to
+consider the entire system</li><li>An open approach has proven useful for security in software. Why should
+hardware be any different?</li><li>Cryptographic accelerators can easily achieve high throughput with low area.</li><li>PULP provides multiple opportunities to add extensions. e.g. new
+instructions added directly to the core, adding peripherals to the bus, or
+hardware accelerators with direct memory access</li><li>Implemented Fulmine, an IoT processor with accelerators. Added two TCDM
+ports, 64bits/cycle. The AES unit performs 2 rounds a cycle, 1.76Gbit/s and
+120pJ per byte (entire chip) at 0.8V and 84MHz</li><li>Side channel attacks are a huge challenge. Recently implemented a leakage
+resilient accelerator which reduces the attack surface by generating a new key
+per data block. This provides 5.29Gbit/s throughput at 256Mhz</li><li>Attacks that target control flow are a serious problem and can be realized
+in both hardware (e.g. glitching) or software. Implemented and published
+sponge based control-flow protection (SCFP), which stores instructions
+encrypted in memory. As instructions must be decrypted, the attacker would
+have to modify both the instruction and the internal state.<ul><li>Implemented in Patronus chip. 25-35% power/area overhead, and 10$ runtime
+overhead due to &lsquo;patches&rsquo; and additional commands.</li><li>The probability of an illegal instruction trap when an instruction altered
+is 91.51% within 1 cycle rising to 99.95% within 3 cycles.</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id=risc-v-virtual-platforms-for-early-risc-v-embedded-software-development-kevin-mcdermott:b0f3a59393d92a3eb3b1f055beedf6d5>RISC-V virtual platforms for early RISC-V embedded software development: Kevin McDermott</h2><ul><li>New markets have new software requirements</li><li>Virtual platforms can help accelerate software development</li><li>Imperas produce extendable platform kits (EPKs). These are virtual platforms
+with software set-up, allowing users to start quickly.</li><li>Offer the ability to easily define custom instruction extensions</li><li>Can also perform software development using the Ashling RISC-V IDE</li></ul><p><em>Alex Bradbury</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 12, 2018</time></address><p>The <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>lowRISC 0.6 milestone release</a>
+is now available. This release includes an updated version of the Rocket
+RISC-V core, a higher core clock frequency, JTAG debugging support, Ethernet
+improvements, and more. See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/refresh-v0.6/>release notes</a>, for full details. We&rsquo;ve also taken the
+opportunity to re-organise our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/>documentation</a>,
+adding an easy to follow quick-start guide.</p><p>Our next development focus is to add support for dropping in the <a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/ariane>Ariane
+RISC-V design</a> (from ETH Zurich) as
+an alternative to Rocket.</p><p>Please report any issues <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/lowrisc-chip>on our GitHub
+repository</a>, or discuss on our
+<a href=http://listmaster.pepperfish.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lowrisc-dev-lists.lowrisc.org>mailing
+list</a>.
+As always, thank you to everyone who has contributed in any way - whether it&rsquo;s
+advice and feedback, bug reports, code, or ideas. With special thanks to Jonathan
+Kimmitt who has been the driving force behind this release.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 14, 2019</time></address><p>Several lowRISC team members attended the <a href=https://sifivetechsymposium.com/agenda-cambridge/>SiFive
+Symposium</a> in our home town
+of Cambridge on May 13th 2019, a lovely sunny day.</p><p>Imagination Technologies were co-hosting with SiFive, and we heard from both
+companies. Krste Asanovic, chairman of the board at the RISC-V Foundation,
+gave a great introduction to RISC-V and progress so far. Naveed Sherwani, CEO
+of SiFive, talked us through their silicon design platform and future
+services. We also heard from SecureRF and IAR Systems.</p><p>Alex gave a short talk about bringing the benefits of open source to the
+hardware world. (We hope to be able to share the video soon!)</p><p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex1_hu61a3328a95a421a58ba08cb79b3ac197_63641_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Alex speaking" title="Alex speaking" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto">
+<img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/sifive_symposium_alex2_hu1398eb9b75797e637e710eb4e6174922_76782_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Open source hardware in industry" title="Open source hardware in industry" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"></p><p>It was great to hear the latest news from SiFive and other RISC-V
+organisations, both from Cambridge and further afield. We also got to meet
+community members and to catch up with friends from Embecosm, the RISC-V
+Foundation, the Computer Lab and more.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 16, 2019</time></address><p><em>London, England - lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC)
+organisation, today announced that Prof. Luca Benini (ETH Zurich), Dominic
+Rizzo (Google) and Ron Minnich (Google) have joined its board of directors.
+The announcement coincides with a new phase of hiring by lowRISC with the goal
+of significantly increasing the size of its Cambridge-based engineering team
+during 2019.</em></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC board" title="lowRISC board"><p>lowRISC is a not-for-profit, community-driven organisation working to provide
+a high quality, security-enabling, open SoC base for derivative designs. The
+organisation is lowering the barrier to producing custom silicon, enabling
+research and FPGA experimentation, and establishing a vibrant ecosystem around
+open silicon designs. lowRISC supports a core engineering team who collaborate
+with industry partners, academic groups, and the wider community to drive the
+open source silicon ecosystem.</p><p>&ldquo;We are very pleased to welcome new board members from Google and ETH Zurich
+who share our excitement about the future of open-source hardware. Their
+commitment will accelerate our roadmap for delivering high-quality open-source
+system-on-chip designs,” said Alex Bradbury, CTO and co-founder of lowRISC
+CIC.</p><p>lowRISC also revealed that Google are providing support and funding to further
+their mission and that Prof. Benini&rsquo;s group at ETH Zürich are contributing
+their Zero-riscy processor core. lowRISC, in collaboration with Prof. Benini’s
+PULP team and Google, will continue development of the core as
+“<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a>”.</p><p>“I’m delighted to join the lowRISC board. lowRISC plays a key role in the
+open-source hardware ecosystem, providing engineering resources while
+maintaining a clear community-focused vision and not-for-profit status. We are
+excited that they will be able to contribute to the continued development of
+Zero-riscy and also provide the necessary ongoing support,” said Prof. Benini.</p><p>Google engineers Ron Minnich and Dominic Rizzo are long term supporters of
+open-source. Ron is a well known figure in the High Performance Computing
+field and inventor of LinuxBIOS, now known as coreboot, the firmware used in
+all Chromebooks. Dominic leads efforts in open source silicon and security
+fobs at Google.</p><p>&ldquo;Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our
+commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create
+a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem. In addition to engineering
+resources, lowRISC provides the community stewardship that is vital to this
+vision,” said Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google.</p><p>Please visit our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs</a> page for more
+information on how lowRISC is expanding our engineering organization.</p><h2 id=about-lowrisc:24afd861c555f1848be6d6d7fe8522e3>About lowRISC</h2><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote
+and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of
+open-source to the hardware world. We are producing high-quality,
+security-focused, open, and flexible IP. Our expertise includes the LLVM
+Compiler, novel hardware security extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and
+processor design.</p><p>For more information, please contact:</p><p>Media Contact:
+Andrew Back
+lowRISC
+press@lowrisc.org</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>May 16, 2019</time></address><p>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>press
+release</a> and the
+<a href=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/05/google-fosters-open-source-hardware.html>corresponding Google blog
+post</a>.
+This industry support and growth of our board is a huge step forwards for
+lowRISC. As Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google, said:</p><blockquote>"Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our
+commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create
+a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem. In addition to engineering
+resources, lowRISC provides the community stewardship that is vital to this
+vision”.</blockquote><p>We believe high quality engineering, extensive documentation, and
+verification are essential to drive the adoption of open source silicon
+designs. The donation of the <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc/ibex>Ibex</a> core
+(previously zero-riscy, developed through the PULP project) and its collaborative development under lowRISC is a
+great step forwards on the open source hardware roadmap we&rsquo;re working on with
+Google and other industry partners. Plus of course we’re continuing to lead the upstream RISC-V LLVM effort and further develop our 64-bit SoC platform. If you&rsquo;re interested in collaboration, get in touch via info@lowrisc.org.</p><p>Over the last 6 months we&rsquo;ve really entered a new phase of the lowRISC mission.
+We&rsquo;ve grown from a single full-time engineer to five, with more on their way
+(check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>active job adverts</a> - we&rsquo;d love to hear
+from you!). We&rsquo;ve not been able to put out anywhere near as many updates as
+we&rsquo;d like. The work we&rsquo;ve been doing to grow the organisation and forge new
+collaborations is hugely time consuming, and of course embargos etc. come in to
+play. But you can expect to hear much more from us going forwards.</p><p>On a final note, I&rsquo;d like to shine the spotlight on the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>whole lowRISC
+family</a>, especially those who have helped us get this far. In
+particular I’d like to thank our board of directors, our growing team of full
+time staff, our technical advisory board, and of course the wider community
+who have given us so much support, suggestions, and encouragement. Pirmin and
+Laura will soon be posting more about their experiences joining lowRISC, and
+you&rsquo;ll be seeing a number of other new faces on our
+<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>GitHub</a>, <a href=https://twitter.com/lowrisc>Twitter</a>,
+and shiny new <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/register/>Zulip group chat</a> - do
+join and say hi.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Philipp Wagner,
+<time>June 10, 2019</time></address><p>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more
+future-proof chip by embedding an FPGA fabric into it? Could we measure glucose
+levels more accurately by integrating a small bio lab onto a chip? Could we more
+reliably recognize kittens in a set of pictures by implementing neural network
+inference in hardware?</p><p>In implementation, this dream becomes a piece of hardware, with digital or
+analog logic, sensors, actuators, and much more. Let’s get it produced and try
+out the real thing! But wait. How do you control the hardware block? How do you
+feed data to it? How do you make sure the startup sequence is done exactly in
+the right way? The answer often is: add an embedded micro-controller core to
+handle the control logic. A small, efficient, and rock-solid core. Where could
+you get such a core?</p><p>Say hello to Ibex: a small, 32-bit microcontroller-class RISC-V CPU core written
+in SystemVerilog. Reliable, unpretentious, getting the job done.</p><ul><li>Ibex supports the standard RV32I/EMC instruction set, allowing you to tap into
+a large ecosystem of compilers and software libraries.</li><li>Its two stage pipeline design balances a small area overhead with good
+performance. It gives you an IPC of 0.67 in CoreMark (2.44 CoreMarks/MHz) with
+an area of just 18.9 kGE. That’s 0.027 mm² in a 65 nm technology!
+(<a href=https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2017.8106976>Reference</a>) But Ibex works
+equally well on FPGAs. The same configuration utilizes 2.5 k 6-input Slice LUTs
+and 1 DSP slice on low-end Xilinx 7-series FPGAs when targeting a clock
+frequency of 50 MHz.</li><li>And best of all: there are no usage restrictions. Ibex is open source under
+the Apache 2.0 License, <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>download it today</a>
+and get started!</li></ul><p>So if you need a microcontroller-class CPU core, look no further and give Ibex a
+try! Our friendly community awaits you <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>over at
+GitHub</a> to discuss enhancements, issues or
+help you get your favorite feature added to Ibex!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Ibex block diagram" title="Ibex block diagram" class="d-block mx-auto rounded m-2"><p>If you&rsquo;re interested in using Ibex in your design, you&rsquo;d be in good company.
+Researchers at the University of Manchester (with support from Andrew Attwood
+from the STFC Hartree Centre) are already working on taping out a design including
+the Ibex core, with reconfigurable FPGA instruction set
+extensions. Do get in touch at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a> if
+you’re looking to integrate Ibex into one of your designs…</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/forte_placement_hue940785ad6e6ed3174e2001f0623cf05_325721_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="University of Manchester design with Ibex core" title="University of Manchester design with Ibex core" class="d-block mx-auto m-2"><p>Ibex stands on an impressive mountain of engineering, erected by many great
+people mostly at ETH Zürich and the University of Bologna. Before <a href=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>it was
+contributed to
+lowRISC</a> in
+December 2018, Ibex was called Zero-riscy. The history of the core can be traced
+back to a CPU core called “OR10N”, which was first taped out in 2013. Since that
+time, many, many hours of engineering, testing,
+and benchmarking went into what is now Ibex. That’s why it is such a solid
+design, and that’s the legacy lowRISC is proud to build upon.</p><p>lowRISC started working on Ibex around the time I joined the engineering team,
+since then we’ve been able to make a range of improvements in collaboration with
+our partners at Google and ETH Zürich, with <a href=/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Pirmin also
+joining</a> the
+effort recently.</p><p>One of the first things we did with Ibex was the replacement of the debug system
+with one that is compliant to the RISC-V Debug Specification. (Thanks to Robert
+Balas and Davide Schiavone who started this work on a similar CPU core!) We also
+cleaned up the code in many places to make it easier to read and extend. And
+just recently Tao Liu from Google added a UVM testbench to make it easier to
+verify that the core works as expected.</p><p>Importantly, this is an active and ongoing effort. With the engineering and
+project maintenance resources lowRISC and our partners are putting into Ibex and
+related IP blocks, we aim to make it the make Ibex <em>the</em> go-to
+microcontroller-class CPU core. Our <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues>issue tracker on
+GitHub</a> should give you a rough idea of
+what’s coming.</p><p>Do you want to join us making Ibex even better? For example, do you want to set
+up world-class continuous integration for this core? lowRISC is hiring, and
+we’re looking for a broad range of engineers: hardware, software and tooling.
+<a href=/jobs/>Join us!</a></p><p>You want to know more about Ibex and how lowRISC develops it to be a piece of
+high-quality free and open source IP? <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>Join Philipp for a talk at the Week of
+Open Source Hardware (WOSH) in Zürich, Switzerland on Friday, June
+14.</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 3, 2019</time></address><p>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few
+weeks in to their new roles, they each share thoughts on what attracted them to
+work at lowRISC.</p><p><strong>Pirmin:</strong></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/pirmin_vogel_hu6f1273808d0ebccd5191e8dc5d8bbc37_50344_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Pirmin Vogel" title="Pirmin Vogel" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;After having traveled around the world for 6 months, I finally started my new
+position as hardware/software engineer at lowRISC C.I.C. in Cambridge at the
+beginning of May. At lowRISC, we are working on open-source hardware/software
+ecosystems with a fully open-sourced, Linux-capable, RISC-V-based SoC being the
+ultimate goal.</p><p>&ldquo;Having done my PhD in the Digital Circuits and Systems group of ETH Zurich,
+i.e., a research group that very early started to promote and push for
+open-source hardware, it was important for me to continue along the open-source
+path. Open-source hardware and software are powerful catalysts for education,
+research and industry. Studying the sources of the Linux kernel and its modules
+was absolutely key to get to understand the kernel’s memory management system
+and to get started with the design of kernel drivers required for my research.
+Moreover, building on top of the open-source Parallel Ultra Low Power (PULP)
+Platform allowed me to carry out my research in the first place. Not only could
+I rely on a large pool of silicon-proven hardware designs and software tools
+such as libraries, runtimes and compilers, but I was also able to freely modify,
+tailor and extend them to fit my needs, and ultimately to release my own
+research open-source as part of the <a href=https://www.pulp-platform.org/hero>Open Heterogeneous Research Platform</a> (HERO), thereby letting my research being more
+useful to more people. As for the industry, it seems that the open-source PULP
+ecosystem has gained quite some traction since its start in 2013 serving both as
+a starting point for custom designs and also creating <a href=https://www.pulp-platform.org/pulp_users.html>new business opportunities</a>.</p><p>&ldquo;At lowRISC, I am currently working on our RISC-V processor core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a>. This core has its origins in academia – it
+has been designed by my former colleagues of the PULP team under the name
+Zero-riscy – and leveraging its design in a professional context offers
+challenges but also new opportunities. For example, it allows and requires to
+put a stronger focus on design verification but ultimately, it can prove also to
+the tough critics that open-source hardware is no longer just a toy but a
+serious alternative.&rdquo;</p><p><strong>Laura:</strong></p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/laura_james_huc53354b671e9769f849faa1d4a5d9683_101541_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Laura James" title="Laura James" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;I’m delighted to be joining lowRISC. This is a really exciting
+opportunity for me on many levels - a chance to be part of a new wave of
+fundamental computing innovation enabling specialised silicon chips, to learn
+about the practicalities of shared engineering resource and IP at the hardware
+layer, and to actually ship some useful products (hopefully at reasonable
+scale). It builds on my varied career to date working to make emerging
+technologies a reality in real products and services, and in growing innovative
+organisations.</p><p>&ldquo;lowRISC works on open source hardware at the silicon layer (and related open
+source software tools), and so builds on my longstanding interest in open stuff,
+and particularly the challenges of bringing open to new areas. Open source
+silicon isn&rsquo;t a totally new idea, but producing products at scale with it is
+rare. Nonetheless, it&rsquo;s important: openness means greater scope for audit and
+security; for efficiency (code and hardware designs can be reused, rather than
+reinventing the wheel), and for flexibility. With <a href=https://semiengineering.com/the-impact-of-moores-law-ending/>Moore&rsquo;s law
+slowing down</a>, new
+processors will be more specialised, rather than just smaller and faster.
+Instead, we&rsquo;ll be designing silicon for more specific applications, and ensuring
+the designs are efficient and verifiable. Open source hardware makes this much
+easier - you can get more people working on a design to check it, and you can
+bolt together open modules for different bits of functionality knowing you
+understand what is in them (which you can&rsquo;t do with a proprietary processor core
+which you&rsquo;ve licensed - it&rsquo;s just a black box). So open hardware at the silicon
+level is going to be important for the future of computing.</p><p>&ldquo;lowRISC itself is still quite small (but growing), but the team size doesn&rsquo;t
+reflect the range of people I’m working with day to day, because there&rsquo;s lots of
+collaboration going on. Open source ecosystems have different kinds of
+organisation and activity in them; lowRISC is focussing on providing quality
+engineering resource and being a hub for collaborative engineering across other
+partners. (A bit like <a href=https://www.linaro.org/>Linaro</a> does for open source for
+Arm, whose work I’ve always been fascinated by.) It&rsquo;s a community interest
+company, meaning a nonprofit dedicated to serving a broader mission not just
+itself. I&rsquo;m looking forward to being part of changing how hardware is developed,
+making it fundamentally more collaborative and factoring in testing and
+maintenance sensibly.</p><p>&ldquo;There are some really interesting challenges. For instance, you can&rsquo;t be 100%
+open right now in silicon, because in an actual manufactured chip there&rsquo;s a lot
+of analogue components as well as the open source digital bits, and those
+analogue bits are generally closely linked to the big foundries which
+manufacture silicon and are secret sauce today. Collaborative engineering
+should be cost effective and useful to companies, as a way of working on
+non-differentiating technology components, but it&rsquo;s not always an easy sell or
+easy to make happen in practice. The same goes for opening up hardware IP - not
+always a straightforward case to make. How should the governance for this sort
+of work operate, and how do you make it work in practice? And of course we have
+the usual startup challenge, that we need to make reliable, high quality
+products, in a reasonable time, which people actually want and are willing to
+pay for.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m really looking forward to seeing what we can accomplish, and being part of
+the move towards open source silicon.</p><p>&rdquo;(If you’d like to learn more about how I ended up here, I wrote on <a href=https://lbj20.blogspot.com/2019/04/new-challenges-ahead.html>my personal
+blog</a> about this
+role and how it fits with things I’ve been working on.)&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We&rsquo;re thrilled to have Pirmin and Laura join the lowRISC team and if you&rsquo;d like
+to be part of the open source silicon revolution, we presently have a number
+of openings and I&rsquo;d encourage you to take a look at the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a>.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Andrew Back,
+<time>June 11, 2019</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/WOSH_logo_640w_hu1b3ad08286e7307a189c04a1da303d38_52934_200x0_resize_box_2.png alt="WOSH logo" title="WOSH logo" class="float-right m-2"><p>Pretty much the whole team is in Zurich this week for the RISC-V Workshop and
+inaugural Week of Open Source Hardware, with a <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>packed
+programme</a> that got off to a start today and
+which runs all the way through to Friday afternoon.</p><p>This morning lowRISC board member, Professor Luca Benini, gave a RISC-V Workshop
+keynote entitled, <a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-workshop-zurich/agenda/1#keynotes_energy-efficient-computing-from-exascale-to-microwatts-the-risc-v-playground>Energy efficient computing from Exascale to MicroWatts: The
+RISC-V
+playground</a>.
+Our friends and close collaborators at <a href=https://pulp-platform.org/>PULP
+Platform</a> are giving a number of talks this week
+and, we’re pleased to say, so are members of the lowRISC team!</p><p>On Thursday 13th there will be a morning session dedicated to <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#licensing>Open Source
+Licensing</a> and at 10:50 Alex
+Bradbury will be presenting <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-5>a lowRISC experience
+report</a>, immediately
+following which he’ll then be participating in a panel discussion moderated by
+the <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/>FOSSi Foundation</a>’s Stefan Wallentowitz.
+Later the same day at 16:10, Google engineer and lowRISC board member, Dom
+Rizzo, will be speaking about <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-7>Google and the Free and Open Source Hardware
+Community</a>.</p><p>The following day on Friday 14th at 09:20, Philipp Wagner will be giving a talk
+entitled, <a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-2>Ibex and The Mountain of Open Participation: How lowRISC develops its
+Ibex CPU core and lets everyone
+participate</a>. Then Philipp
+will be taking to the stage for a second time at 14:40 to give another talk on
+<a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/#event-abstract-4>Python-powered hardware verification with
+Cocotb</a>.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_1280x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_640x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC enamel badge" title="lowRISC enamel badge" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>If you’re in Zurich this week please do say hello and if you can’t spot us from
+the team photo <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/about/>on the website</a> — it already
+needs updating! — be sure to follow the <a href=https://twitter.com/lowrisc>Twitter
+feed</a> for team updates and also be on the lookout
+for people wearing a lowRISC pin.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Sam &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Sam</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 8, 2019</time></address><p>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed <a href=/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Laura and
+Pirmin</a> in becoming lowRISC’s newest
+employee. A few weeks into his new role, he shares why he joined lowRISC and
+what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/sam_elliott_hu91ba7eb7dc6f13af8e8f1b3ab202b74f_102174_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Sam Elliot" title="Sam Elliot" class="float-right m-2"><p>&ldquo;I joined lowRISC CIC as a Compiler Developer, working on the RISC-V LLVM
+backend, and so far I’m enjoying working on the team! Prior to lowRISC, I worked
+as a compilers and programming languages researcher at the University of
+Washington, where I completed my Masters degree.</p><p>&ldquo;I worked for about four years on the academic side of compiler research, trying
+out new ideas with new technologies. As well as working with academics, during
+that time I worked at Microsoft Research, on <a href=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/checked-c/>Checked
+C</a>, and at NVIDIA
+on an experimental compiler team. This was both challenging and fun, but I found
+that I was more satisfied with the work when it was closer to problems that
+normal software developers face. I’m really happy to have moved over to a more
+focused compiler development role on the team here at lowRISC, where I get to
+improve LLVM and participate in the wider open source community.</p><p>&ldquo;My first month at lowRISC has been lots of fun. Alex and Luís have been great
+mentors to get me up to speed with the project. As we’re hoping to stabilise the
+RISC-V backend soon, some of my time has been spent ensuring we can build and
+run the LLVM <a href=https://llvm.org/docs/TestingGuide.html#test-suite>test suite</a> on
+RISC-V. Gratifyingly, it seems 98% of the tests are passing – with some pending
+patches – and the rest are not far from also doing so. A few of the other
+patches I have committed this month have related to tuning the optimiser and
+instruction selector to make better decisions for RISC-V. Of course, we’ll never
+truly finish tuning the optimiser, especially as more and more instruction set
+extensions and open cores are implemented and released.</p><p>&ldquo;On top of all of this, it was good to get out of the office and meet other
+RISC-V and open-source hardware supporters at the RISC-V Workshop and WOSH in
+Zurich. It was an almost overwhelming amount of information for someone so new
+to the ecosystem, but the community has been very friendly and welcoming.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m not just interested in how programs can be compiled to be as efficient as
+possible; I’m also interested in how the design of programming languages allow
+developers to write programs that contain fewer errors. This is why I joined the
+Checked C project, and am interested in Rust. Along these lines I am beginning
+to look at improving the support for compiling Rust programs to RISC-V. Rust
+uses LLVM as a backend, so a lot of the work is already done, but we want to
+make sure the experience of using Rust on RISC-V is as good as it is for any
+other platform. Rust support is a key requirement for the RISC-V ports of
+distros such as Debian and Fedora, and I look forward to helping stabilise
+further support for the platform in these distributions.</p><p>&ldquo;Having stable RISC-V support in both the Clang and Rust compilers, in addition
+to the existing support in GCC, should allow more people and projects to adopt
+RISC-V and quickly get started on the platform.&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We&rsquo;re excited to have Sam join our team and help further accelerate our
+toolchain and LLVM-related efforts. If you&rsquo;re interested in joining us on our
+mission, check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a> for details on
+positions we are looking to fill.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 10, 2019</time></address><p>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V.
+Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we
+started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved
+successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>recently announced</a> on the llvm-dev mailing
+list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its
+current status of experimental to an official target. This post explains how
+our testing strategy has evolved as the compiler matured.</p><p><strong>TL;DR</strong>: we now successfully compile more than 90% of the 2000+ Linux packages
+built by the <a href=https://buildroot.org/>buildroot</a> tool. The remaining packages
+mostly fail due to relying on GCC-specific C constructs and configurations,
+and not due to anything fundamental related to the new backend.</p><p>During the initial development of the backend our testing approach consisted
+mostly of unit tests. As each feature was implemented corresponding unit tests
+were added. This was done both to document the expected behaviour of the
+compiler and to ensure that future LLVM changes would not introduce regressions
+in those areas.</p><p>More recently, we started compiling entire programs using Clang targeting
+RISC-V, to exercise the backend using real-world code. We started with a few
+small programs and have now moved towards compiling a full Linux userspace.</p><p>One of the programs we chose for our initial tests was BusyBox. BusyBox
+replaces many standard UNIX programs with a single binary that mimics those
+individual programs. With almost 400 &ldquo;applets&rdquo;, BusyBox provided a reasonable
+amount of complexity to test. To compile it with LLVM we produced a
+configuration file that enables all of the BusyBox features and that specifies
+Clang as the compiler, with the correct flags to target RISC-V and find the
+appropriate sysroot headers and libraries.</p><p>BusyBox compiled successfully at the first try. To be reasonably confident it
+had been correctly compiled, we wrote a script to exercise all of the applets.
+Our testing revealed that a significant portion of the commands would crash
+upon launch. Investigating those crashes revealed that they all had a common
+cause, which was that BusyBox relied on C undefined behaviour and LLVM HEAD
+would optimize away code that was intended to run. So, in fact, this issue
+wasn’t specific to the new RISC-V target. We <a href=http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2019-June/087337.html>submitted a patch upstream</a> fixing
+the issue, with which BusyBox now runs without problems.</p><p>Our initial testing of a handful of programs and libraries used QEMU Linux user
+mode emulation for a quick and convenient testing. Next, we moved to building a
+complete rootfs that we could boot with qemu-system as a sanity check, before
+starting to compile large amounts of packages. For that we chose the buildroot
+tool.</p><p>Buildroot can be used either with an existing toolchain or by letting it build
+its own. To facilitate the testing process, we let buildroot build its own
+GCC-8 RISC-V cross-compiler, and we then patch the resulting toolchain to use
+Clang / LLVM when desired, by using a wrapper script. For our sanity check we
+included a handful of programs, such as some simple command line utilities and
+the nginx web server. The wrapper script will redirect the compilation to
+Clang, adding a few additional command line options in the process to correctly
+configure the toolchain. The wrapper can also remove a few GCC-specific
+compilation flags that Clang doesn’t know about, cutting down on the
+compilation noise, although that isn’t strictly necessary for basic testing.
+With this approach we produced a full Linux system we could boot with QEMU.
+From within QEMU we saw that we could login into the system and use it
+normally, including making HTTP requests served by nginx.</p><p>In the terminal session below you can see me booting a clang-built rootfs
+(everything other than the kernel, opensbi, and glibc is built by Clang) in
+qemu, and browsing the web using links:</p><script id=asciicast-9Cde6gZq8KljgZD50BhLFSms6 src=https://asciinema.org/a/9Cde6gZq8KljgZD50BhLFSms6.js async></script><p>Once we had a bootable system we wanted to determine how many packages we could
+build. We also wanted this process to be easily reproducible, to be able to
+check for compiler regressions, changes in code quality and so on. This would
+require making the testing tools smarter since normally any buildroot
+compilation failure will halt the build process. We extended the testing tools
+to produce a tree of package dependencies, to be able to build individual
+packages, and to build the individual packages in the correct order to satisfy
+their dependencies. The tools are also able to apply per-package workarounds,
+to avoid problems caused by some packages that depend on very GCC-specific
+behaviour. This includes packages that refuse to compile unless the compilation
+is warning-free and are then tripped by Clang’s additional diagnostic messages.</p><p>Of the 2000+ packages that buildroot provides we are now able to compile more
+than 90% of them. We are still triaging a few of the remaining failing packages
+to see if there are any actionable compiler issues, or if those failures also
+relate to trivial configuration issues.</p><p>As next steps, we expect to do some more in-depth testing of the compiled
+packages and to start building the Linux kernel with Clang. We will also
+further investigate code size and generated code performance.</p><p><em>Luís Marques</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html b/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/index.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0 &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 10, 2019</time></address><p>On Monday I
+<a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-July/133724.html>proposed</a>
+promoting the upstream RISC-V LLVM backend from &ldquo;experimental&rdquo; to &ldquo;official&rdquo;
+for the LLVM 9.0 release. Responses so far are <a href=http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-July/133740.html>extremely
+positive</a>, and
+we&rsquo;re working to ensure this is a smooth process. This means that from 9.0, the
+RISC-V backend will be built by default for LLVM, making it usable out of the
+box for standard LLVM/Clang builds. As well as being more convenient for end
+users, this also makes it significantly easier for e.g. Rust/Julia/Swift and
+other languages using LLVM for code generation to do so using the
+system-provided LLVM libraries. This will make life easier for those working on
+RISC-V ports of Linux distros encountering issues with Rust dependencies. As
+<a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Sam mentioned yesterday</a>, we aim to work with the upstream
+Rust community to help unblock this. 9.0 will branch on the 18th of July with
+the release scheduled for the 28th of August.</p><p>The LLVM project is a popular open source suite of compiler toolchain related
+tools. The core LLVM library and Clang C/C++ front-end are the most
+recognisable components. See the <a href=https://llvm.org/>project home page</a> for
+more background.</p><p>I started the upstream RISC-V LLVM effort towards the end of 2016, having
+developed and maintained an out-of-tree backend for a research architecture for
+a number of years. At the time, there was some downstream work heavily based on
+the MIPS backend but it had a range of problems. In order to maximise the value
+from upstream code reviews (and also provide a useful reference for LLVM
+newcomers), great care was taken to ensure backend functionality could be built
+up incrementally. I&rsquo;m delighted that this has frequently been picked out by the
+LLVM community as the golden standard to follow when contributing new targets.</p><h2 id=status:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e>Status</h2><p>The RISC-V backend supports the 32- and 64-bit RISC-V base ISAs and all
+standard extensions. i.e. RV32IMAFDC, RV64IMAFDC and the ilp32, ilp32f, ilp32d,
+lp64, lp64f, lp64d ABIs (the <a href=https://reviews.llvm.org/D60456>Clang hard-float ABI
+patch</a> will land imminently). Working with
+other backend contributors, we have developed a comprehensive set of in-tree
+unit tests. For quite some time various groups have reported success using
+Clang/LLVM for their RISC-V embedded firmware builds and more recently we have
+been pushing forwards on issues related to building Linux/BSD applications. The
+GCC torture suite has a 100% pass rate, we&rsquo;re seeing a 98% pass rate on the
+LLVM test-suite (failures are almost all related to C++ exception handling,
+which we hope to resolve soon), and we&rsquo;ve been able to get over 90% of
+buildroot&rsquo;s over 2000 packages to build for RISC-V using clang (most failures
+are due to build system issues or GCCisms). We can compile and run meaningful
+programs e.g. build a rootfs with nginx, serve HTTP requests). See the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>blog
+post from Luis</a> for many more
+details on this testing.</p><p>LLD support is now roughly feature-complete with the exception of support for
+linker relaxation. Fangrui Song has been most active on RISC-V LLD recently,
+and prior to that Andes Tech contributed the majority of this code. In terms of
+other language support, there is initial Rust support for bare metal RV32 and
+RV64 with support for hard float Linux targets due to start soon.</p><p>Support for RISC-V in LLVM is important for the wider RISC-V ecosystem and at
+lowRISC, we&rsquo;re proud of the role we&rsquo;ve played in initiating its development,
+driving it forwards, and building a community around it. As an independent
+non-profit engineering organisation, we&rsquo;re uniquely positioned to perform this
+kind of work - <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/>it&rsquo;s what we do</a>. Our toolchain team has
+grown to include Luís Marques and Sam Elliott as well as myself and we are
+always interested in hearing from skilled engineers who’d like to <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>join our
+team</a>. If you&rsquo;re interested in further supporting this work
+or in applying a similar approach to other open source hardware/software
+projects then get in touch at info@lowrisc.org.</p><h2 id=thanks:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e>Thanks</h2><p>As well as the lowRISC toolchain team I would like to thank everyone who gave
+encouragement, helped with funding in order to support this work, or submitted
+reviews or patches. We&rsquo;re delighted at the growing community of contributors
+around this backend and feel it&rsquo;s a real success story for collaboration within
+the RISC-V ecosystem. There are far too many names to mention everyone, but
+engineers from organisations such as (alphabetically) AndesTech, Embecosm,
+Google, Qualcomm, and the University of Cambridge have all made notable
+contributions.</p><h2 id=next-steps:63ab56a7247fa6daead2f447dd0b557e>Next steps</h2><p>Becoming an &ldquo;official&rdquo; backend is a huge milestone, but of course that doesn&rsquo;t
+mean we&rsquo;re done. As well as ongoing maintenance and support, we&rsquo;ll be
+continuing to work on: code size, generated code performance improvements,
+better testing, collaborating with language communities such as
+Rust/Swift/Julia, adding support for additional LLVM features or RISC-V
+instruction set extensions, and more.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new? &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>July 19, 2019</time></address><p>In the past months, we have invested considerable effort in improving our
+RISC-V core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a>. This 2-stage, in-order,
+32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>contributed to us</a> by ETH Zürich in
+December 2018, with activity really ramping up since May. Having been taped out
+multiple times (as zero-riscy) in a mix of academic and industry projects, it
+came to us as a relatively mature code base. Despite this, we have continued to
+invest in improving its design and maintainability.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_200x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Carl the Ibex" title="Ibex cleaning up" class="float-right m-2"><p>Changes have included enhancements to functionality and improved compliance
+with the latest RISC-V specification. More recently we’ve been looking beyond
+that - the bare user-level ISA requirements are fairly minimal (e.g. there is
+no requirement that exceptions are precise). We’ve worked on a series of
+cleanups and improvements in order to provide an environment that is friendly
+to programmers and usable outside of deeply embedded use cases. An additional
+goal is to improve the code style and readability of the core. This is
+important for long-term maintenance as well as to reduce the barrier for
+engineers in industry, academics, students, and hobbyists to use and understand
+the core.</p><p>We’ve performed a lot of refactoring on the RTL design of Ibex. This has
+included a major cleanup and reorganization of critical Ibex components such as
+the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/132>main processor controller</a>, the
+entire <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/120>instruction-decode stage</a>,
+and streamlining the interaction between those blocks. As well as improving the
+understandability of the core this allowed us to get rid of a painful control
+loop and to correct the handling of interrupts and exceptions.</p><p>Here are some numbers to give you an idea on the extent of our efforts over the
+past few months. Since we started to intensify our work on Ibex in early May,
+we pushed 132 Git commits to the Ibex repository which modified its RTL,
+inserting 3495 lines and deleting 3026 of them (not including initial mostly
+cosmetic commits and coding style changes). The whole RTL consists of 7,001
+lines of code. In other words, during the last 2.5 months, roughly 50 percent
+of the RTL was refactored.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/2019-07-ibex-diffstat_hu250af2e03ab3c37490408386dbbab7d6_72638_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Ibex diffstat" title="Ibex diffstat" class="m-2 d-block mx-auto"><p>Ultimately, having a clean codebase helps maintainability and eases a lot the
+implementation of new features and bug fixes. To this end, our refactoring
+efforts definitely start to pay off. Including all bug reports since May, our
+average time between receiving an issue report and and merging the
+corresponding bug fix into the master branch at roughly two working days.</p><h2 id=from-bug-report-to-fix-in-two-days-the-power-of-open-source:afbb1af422612e6e6e82b91c6a567454>From bug report to fix in two days: the power of open source</h2><p>Looking at those bug reports we note a gradual shift on where they are coming
+from and how the bugs are found, with an increasing proportion of bug reports
+seeming to come from industry users. We have been desligned with the feedback
+we get and the interaction we are having from companies, individuals, and
+researchers, in private communications and especially via the public bug
+tracker on GitHub. This definitely helps us to improve Ibex, but also our
+processes. And it is an enriching experience!</p><p>Furthermore, there is definitely a growing interest in formal verification in
+industry. On our side, we have been working together with our collaborators to
+include support for the <a href=https://github.com/SymbioticEDA/riscv-formal/>RISC-V Formal Interface
+(RVFI)</a> and to incorporate the
+<a href=https://github.com/google/riscv-dv>RISCV-DV instruction generator</a>.
+Meanwhile, many bugs reported to us are found by means of formal verification,
+often covering corner cases or cases where the requirements of the
+specification are very minimal. The code was already mature and the design
+silicon proven when we first started work, but thanks to the combination of
+open source, our own engineering efforts, and the powerful community growing
+around this work we can go much beyond that. At a rapid pace we’re able to make
+Ibex fully compliant with the recently ratified RISC-V Specification, we’re
+making it more friendly to get started with, and we’re also making it more
+straightforward to hack on.</p><p>Do you have something you want Ibex to do? Let us know by opening an issue on
+GitHub! Our next priorities support for <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues/8>Physical Memory Protection
+(PMPs)</a> and
+<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/issues/88>U-mode</a>, with more to follow.</p><p>But why stop there? You can make hacking on Ibex and other exciting projects
+your day job! lowRISC is hiring, and you can find details on all of our current
+roles on our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a>.</p><p><em>Philipp Wagner and Pirmin Vogel</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex: Code with Confidence &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex: Code with Confidence</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Philipp Wagner,
+<time>August 23, 2019</time></address><p>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Roughly 50 percent of the
+RTL was
+refactored</a>
+recently! We added features, tests, and cleaned the code up. We and our
+collaborators were able to make these changes (mostly) without breaking Ibex
+because we invested in testing: earlier this year we added <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/tree/master/dv/uvm>UVM-based
+verification to the tree</a>,
+and we run these tests after every change. We run static code analysis to catch
+common programming bugs. We run software on Ibex to see if it actually behaves
+as we expect it to behave. For licensing reasons it hasn’t been possible to
+share all of these tests - this post will
+explain how we’ve been working to address that issue..</p><p>We want every contributor to have a similar degree of confidence that their
+changes won’t break something, which is why we’ve been building out the test and
+continuous integration infrastructure using open source or freely available
+tooling. (I talked about the idea behind that at
+<a href=https://fossi-foundation.org/wosh/>WOSH</a>, you’re invited to <a href=https://youtu.be/bYidDwYuVr0>watch the
+recorded talk</a> to hear more about it!)</p><p>Today, we’re happy to announce a significant step in this direction: we have
+enabled publicly visible continuous integration (CI) for Ibex. On every pull
+request we now run three tests:</p><ul><li>We run Verilator lint on all SystemVerilog code files. Verilator lint catches
+common programming errors such as undefined variables or wrong signal width
+definitions.</li><li>We build a cycle-accurate compiled simulation of Ibex with
+Verilator.</li><li>Finally, we run the <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-compliance/>RISC-V compliance test
+suite</a> with our cycle-accurate
+simulation model of Ibex. This test suite executes a set of small assembly
+programs and checks its output against a golden reference.</li></ul><p>All of these tests run in a couple of minutes, and all test outputs are <a href=https://dev.azure.com/lowrisc/ibex/_build>publicly
+visible at Azure Pipelines</a>.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_Azure_Pipelines_hu45f6c4d9bbd323d969e4472f476ff7f5_32506_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Azure pipeline" title="Azure pipeline"><p>The last test is worth explaining in more depth. The RISC-V Compliance test
+suite is a collaborative effort by the RISC-V Foundation Compliance Task Group
+to test RISC-V implementations for specification compliance. Lee Moore from
+Imperas has been doing a lot of <a href=https://github.com/riscv/riscv-compliance/commit/25d14e798eb4b3a54bdf22083940e78ef731b817>work to get the test suite extended to work
+with
+Ibex</a>,
+and we have done our part by <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/pull/209>adjusting the simulation model of
+Ibex</a> to work with it. Once these
+building blocks were in place it was only a matter of a <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/blob/e97931c8c75aad34137db99121249fa675bc9aa3/azure-pipelines.yml#L102-L125>couple of lines of
+configuration</a>
+to enable these tests to run in CI.</p><p>With all this infrastructure in place, contributors can submit pull requests
+with more confidence than ever: look out for the green check mark under a pull
+request!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/ICwC_checks_passed_hub7563b2a4f05d2620940ea97cf8891c6_4446_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Screenshot show checks passed" title="Screenshot show checks passed"><p>We are delighted that Ibex can now serve as a <a href=https://github.com/google/riscv-dv#end-to-end-rtl-and-iss-co-simulation-flow>reference end-to-end RTL and ISS
+co-simulation flow for
+riscv-dv</a>
+and for running the RISC-V compliance suite on an RTL simulation. The
+DARPA-funded <a href=https://github.com/The-OpenROAD-Project/alpha-release>OpenROAD</a>
+open source EDA toolchain initiative have also <a href=https://github.com/The-OpenROAD-Project/alpha-release/tree/master/flow/designs/src/ibex>included
+Ibex</a>
+as a standard test case.</p><p>For us at lowRISC, this is just the start of the automation journey. Continuous
+integration in open source hardware projects is uncharted territory for many
+reasons, with licensing of proprietary tools adding further complicationWe will
+continue to expand the coverage of our publicly available continuous
+integration, and we’ll keep you updated here!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel,
+<time>October 8, 2019</time></address><p>Our microcontroller-class RISC-V processor core
+<a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/>Ibex</a> for sure is a solid base with which to
+start your own project. Over the past months, we have invested a lot of effort
+in making the design more mature. This includes <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>refactoring the RTL to make the
+design more understandable and programmer
+friendly</a>,
+adding UVM-based verification to the source tree, but also integrating support
+for the RISC-V compliance suite and <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>enabling publicly visible, open-source
+powered continuous integration
+(CI)</a> to keep
+the design stable.</p><p>However, to actually get your own RISC-V system running, quite some more
+infrastructure might be needed besides the bare processor core. This includes
+for example instruction and data memory, input/outputs, peripherals, interrupt
+controllers, a debug module. But don’t worry, we can help you out! There are now
+two different system-on-chip designs available to help you get started with Ibex
+on FPGA.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_800x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_400x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" class="float-right rounded m-2"><h2 id=arty-a7-fpga-example:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9>Arty A7 FPGA Example</h2><p>This is fairly minimal example for the Arty A7 Artix-7 FPGA Development Board
+from Digilent that shows you how to integrate Ibex into a top-level design, how
+to connect memories and how to compile and run a simple application on the core.
+This example is included in the Ibex tree and is a community contribution by
+Tobias Wölfel. Thanks @towoe!</p><h2 id=pulpissimo:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9>PULPissimo</h2><p><a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulpissimo>PULPissimo</a> is the advanced
+microcontroller system from the <a href=https://pulp-platform.org>PULP team</a> at ETH
+Zürich. It features a powerful uDMA for an autonomous input/output subsystem
+managing peripherals like UART, SPI, I2C and I2S, supports hardware processing
+elements, comes with a JTAG debug module and is supported by the <a href=https://github.com/pulp-platform/pulp-sdk>PULP software
+development kit (SDK)</a> that comes
+with suitable compilers, libraries and even example applications. This complete
+ecosystem makes PULPissimo a useful starting point for your own project and
+explorations.</p><p>Besides re-integrating Ibex into PULPissimo we also created a new FPGA port for
+the latest version (Commit ID d37549e). PULPissimo can now be instantiated on
+the Digilent Nexys Video Artix-7 FPGA board. This board is equipped with a
+XC7A200T device - the largest Artix-7 FPGA supported by the free Vivado WebPACK
+Edition - and thus an attractive target for hobbyists.</p><p>The picture below visualizes the mapping of the main components inside
+PULPissimo onto the resources provided by the Nexys Video FPGA board. Ibex
+utilizes a fairly small part of the overall resources (3500 LUTs, roughly 2.6%
+of the available resources). There is still plenty of space available for you to
+implement you own modules such as custom accelerators!</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_800x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/PULPissimo_on_Nexys_Video_hu2ded262682ca1c08237e49774201f555_214568_400x0_resize_box_2.png alt="PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="PULPissimo implementation on the Nexys Video FPGA board" class="rounded m-2 mx-auto d-block"><p>As you might know, Ibex was originally developed as Zero-riscy at ETH Zürich and
+contributed to us in Dec 2018. We are thus even more happy to enable support for
+the latest version of Ibex in the PULPissimo system and give something back to
+the PULP team!</p><h2 id=what-s-next:7151d85850a0adce4cbcf61cc3d9d5d9>What’s next?</h2><p>We continue our efforts on making Ibex more robust and extending functionality.
+We recently added support for Physical Memory Protection and U-mode. This
+will make Ibex a good candidate for porting embedded and real-time operating
+systems.</p><p><em>Pirmin Vogel</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 23, 2019</time></address><p><em>Greg Chadwick and Tom Roberts recently joined lowRISC’s growing engineering
+team. They’ve both taken some time to share a little about what they’re doing at
+lowRISC and what motivated them to join.</em></p><h3 id=greg:fafd4476a076b919dea6c7c4a3da0ae7>Greg</h3><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/greg_chadwick_hu271acd46af30c78651fe29de4fce35a9_70921_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Greg Chadwick photo" title="Greg Chadwick" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>&ldquo;It’s an exciting time to join the lowRISC team! Our Ibex core provides a solid
+foundation and clearly demonstrates the value of open source silicon, which I’m
+excited to be working on. My work so far has focused on the performance of Ibex;
+whilst it’s not intended as a high performance core there are various things we
+can do to improve it without major impact to area or power. I’m experimenting
+with these improvements as well as building infrastructure to help profile
+program execution. I’ll be writing some blog posts to explain these as the work
+progresses. On top of that I’ve been writing some more Ibex documentation to go
+into the details of how the pipeline works, you can check it out at
+<a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a> .</p><p>&ldquo;Before lowRISC I worked at Arm and Broadcom. At Arm I worked as a design
+engineer on the memory systems of A-class CPU cores. During my time there I
+worked on the Cortex-A55, Cortex-A65AE and Neoverse E1, as well as yet
+unannounced products. I was also involved in designing memory system
+microarchitecture and analysing performance. At Broadcom I worked on the V3D GPU
+(as seen in the Raspberry Pi) where again I was involved in microarchitecture
+and performance analysis.</p><p>&ldquo;At lowRISC, I am going to utilise my industry experience to help produce high
+quality IP. I enjoy the opportunity to work in the open, in a collaborative
+fashion and hope we can drive the industry forward with new tools and techniques
+that might otherwise remain siloed and locked up in closed source companies.</p><p>&ldquo;I’m interested in seeing how much of the hardware design process we can open up
+at lowRISC. Right now to achieve a high-quality tapeout proprietary tools,
+documentation and libraries are required. This contrasts hugely with the
+software world where industry leading tools, like GCC and LLVM, and industry
+leading software, like the Linux kernel, are open. It’s a massive challenge, but
+by developing high quality IP we can help drive forward open silicon tools and
+contribute to them ourselves. By sharing our work with great documentation and
+writing about how we did it all we can help others follow in our footsteps and
+explore new paths.&rdquo;</p><h3 id=tom:fafd4476a076b919dea6c7c4a3da0ae7>Tom</h3><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/tom_roberts_hu10017820887ca8c79b6f19390fe9b36c_79142_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Tom Roberts photo" title="Tom Roberts" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>&ldquo;Now is a very exciting time to be involved in open source silicon, and lowRISC
+is at the heart of it. Change is coming to the industry as a whole, not just to
+silicon IP, but from EDA tools all the way to fabrication. I joined lowRISC to
+be part of the changes, and to help shape the future of the semiconductor
+industry.</p><p>&ldquo;Prior to joining lowRISC, I worked at Arm in various CPU design and
+verification roles. There I gained experience of high-quality low-power design
+and industry leading design verification techniques. In my time at Arm I
+contributed to various CPU products, including Cortex-R7, Cortex-M7, Cortex-A53,
+Cortex-A65AE, Cortex-A55 and other as-yet unannounced designs.</p><p>&ldquo;Since joining lowRISC in August I have been working on improving the Ibex CPU
+as well as investigating new approaches to design verification. I am looking
+forward to what the future holds!&rdquo;</p><hr><p>We’re thrilled to have Greg and Tom onboard to help propel our open source
+hardware efforts forward. We have a number of open job openings - take a look at
+our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>jobs page</a> to find out more.</p><p><em>Alex Bradbury, CTO and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="Andy Hopper" title="Andy Hopper" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>Today, we are delighted to announce that <a href=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/>Professor Andy
+Hopper</a>, CBE FRS FIET FREng, has joined the
+lowRISC Board of Directors as Independent Chair.</p><p>&ldquo;I&rsquo;m delighted to be joining lowRISC CIC,&rdquo; said Prof. Hopper, speaking today
+from Cambridge UK, &ldquo;As digital systems pervade every aspect of our lives trust
+and transparency become crucial. An open source approach allows for public
+inspection of the principles and implementations being used. I believe the
+future of digital systems will be underpinned by not for profit organisations
+that provide design transparency and enable real innovation. I am putting all
+my weight behind lowRISC because it is an indispensable component of our
+digital world.&rdquo;</p><p>Professor Hopper, Treasurer and Vice-President of the Royal Society and
+Professor of Computer Technology at the University of Cambridge, is a pivotal
+figure in the UK technology scene. He was the Research Director of Acorn
+Computers from 1979-85, during which period the pioneering ARM1 RISC processor
+was developed<sup>1</sup>, and headed up the world-renowned Cambridge
+University Computer Lab between 2004 and 2018.</p><p>Cited as one of the <a href=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/cn/news/the-uks-100-leading-practising-scientists/2010580.article>UK&rsquo;s leading practicing
+scientists</a>,
+Professor Hopper also has deep connections within the business community,
+having co-founded thirteen spin-outs and start-ups, three of which have
+subsequently been taken public. In recent years, the companies he helped
+create have
+<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Awards_for_Enterprise>received five Queen&rsquo;s Awards for Enterprise</a>.</p><p>The lowRISC board looks forward to working with Professor Hopper to grow
+lowRISC CIC&rsquo;s engineering and executive team, deepen our relationships with
+new and existing partners like Google, and maximize the positive global impact
+of open source silicon design in a variety of high value target applications.</p><p><sup>1</sup> ARM itself was subsequently spun out in 1990.</p><hr><p><em>Dr Robert Mullins, lowRISC Director and Co-Founder</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/index.html b/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><p>Today, we are excited to unveil the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust (RoT) project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first <em>open source</em> silicon RoT.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs. They can be used in a variety of devices: server motherboards, network cards, laptops, phones, consumer routers, IoT devices, and more. Potential security benefits from a silicon root of trust include:</p><ul><li>Establishing trust at the lowest level in the system - the silicon; independent of the main processor and operating system.</li><li>Leveraging a secure foundation to ensure the integrity of the lowest level mutable firmware of the device.</li><li>Giving the device a cryptographically strong identity. For example, this enables a datacenter control plane to verify provenance before a new machine is admitted into the fleet.</li><li>Enabling secure storage, including physical attack resistance (e.g., a server in a third-party datacenter or moving through the supply chain).</li><li>Providing tamper-evident logging, integrity measurements, integrated universal 2<sup>nd</sup>-factor devices, and other security services.</li></ul><p><em>Open sourcing</em> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan width=400 class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>The OpenTitan project follows three core design principles:</p><ul><li><strong>Transparency</strong> &ndash; anyone can inspect, evaluate, and contribute to OpenTitan’s design, firmware and documentation, helping to build more auditable, trustworthy silicon root of trust chips for all.</li><li><strong>High quality</strong> &ndash; we are building a high quality, logically secure silicon design, with rigorous design validation and testing, plus reference firmware and technical documentation.</li><li><strong>Flexibility</strong> &ndash; OpenTitan adopters can reduce costs and reach more customers by leveraging its vendor-, platform- and policy-agnostic design.</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan project is stewarded by lowRISC and is a partnership with <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html>Google</a>, <a href=https://ethz.ch/>ETH Zürich</a>, <a href=https://www.gi-de.com/>G+D Mobile Security</a>, <a href="http://www.nuvoton.com/hq/about-nuvoton/news/products-technology/Nuvoton-Technology-announces-its-collaboration-on-OpenTitan-the-first-open-source-silicon-root-of-trust-RoT-project/?__locale=en">Nuvoton Technology</a> and <a href=https://www.westerndigital.com/>Western Digital</a>.
+Engineers from this coalition bring ideas and expertise from many perspectives, and have been working together for more than 18 months on <a href=http://github.com/lowrisc/opentitan>hardware, software and tooling</a> for OpenTitan.
+Today, at the mid-point of the project, we’re opening up the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/>GitHub repository</a> containing this work, so others can get involved!</p><p>Compared to existing proprietary silicon RoT systems, OpenTitan represents a radical level of transparency, where virtually everything that can be opened (up to the “foundry boundary”), has been opened:</p><figure class="figured-block text-center"><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/opentitan-rot-comparison.svg alt="Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan" title="Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan" width=500 class=figure-img><figcaption class=figure-caption>Traditional RoT vs. OpenTitan</figcaption></figure><p>The project is very much a networked collaboration and maintains strong links with engineering teams at our partners.
+We are delighted to welcome the broader community now that the founding partnership and principles of OpenTitan are established.</p><p>From day one, lowRISC has sought to bring the benefits of open source software to the hardware world.</p><p>Benefits to transparency and security from open source silicon include:</p><ul><li>Enhancing trust and security through design and implementation visibility. Issues can be discovered early, and the need for trust in opaque technologies is reduced.</li><li>Enabling and encouraging innovation with modifiable shared components.</li><li>Sharing open infrastructure technology permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</li><li>Saving engineering time, energy and confusion as the reference design implementation <strong>is</strong> the specification.</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan silicon root of trust is based around our open source Ibex RISC-V processor core, and adds cryptographic coprocessors, a sophisticated key hierarchy, memory hierarchies for volatile and non-volatile storage, IO peripherals, secure boot, and more.
+The Ibex processor design was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy, then contributed to lowRISC where it has seen substantial further development.</p><h2 id=opentitan-the-future-of-collaborative-open-source-silicon-design:0f9f14d75608f60b0e3ba93624b2b1fa>OpenTitan: The Future of Collaborative Open Source Silicon Design</h2><p>At lowRISC, we view OpenTitan as the ideal test case for our collaborative open source silicon development methodology, creating not just a logically secure design, but also a library of well-structured and reusable IP components, and tools for shared working across the ecosystem too. And while it is the first design to be built in this way, it won’t be the last, as we envisage the use of these same principles, collaboration methodologies and flow in future open silicon design projects of similar and greater magnitude and impact, across many different application domains.</p><p>Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Lead at Google and our OpenTitan Project Director, has said, “Customers are asked to put faith in proprietary root of trust chips for mission-critical systems without the ability to fully understand, inspect and therefore trust them. By creating OpenTitan with the broader hardware and academic community, we leverage the experience and security principles used to create Google’s Titan chips to make hardware root of trust designs more transparent, inspectable, and accessible to the rest of the industry. Security should never be built on opacity.”</p><p>We could not agree more and view OpenTitan as a perfect application for open source silicon.</p><p>We welcome new collaborators who want to help make secure open source silicon a reality to check out our work so far in the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/>GitHub repository</a>, join the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/community/>community</a> or <a href=mailto:get-involved@opentitan.org>contact us</a> directly if your organisation would like to get involved. If you are interested in potentially integrating the OpenTitan RoT reference design into your device, <a href=mailto:pilots@opentitan.org>let us know</a>.</p><p>Finally, we’re humbled by the support we have received in bringing <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> to fruition and deeply grateful to our employees, partners and contributors whose efforts are helping make open source secure silicon a reality.</p><hr><p><em>Alex Bradbury, lowRISC CTO and Co-Founder</em><br><em>Professor Andy Hopper, lowRISC Independent Chair</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Get started with OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Get started with OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
+<time>November 26, 2019</time></address><p>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a
+video that goes through an overview of how the OpenTitan prototype system is
+put together and how to get up and running with our pre-built release
+(providing simulator binaries and pre-built FPGA images for the Nexys Video
+Artix-7 board). It follows the steps from the <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/quickstart/>OpenTitan Quickstart
+Guide</a>.</p><p>You can find out more about OpenTitan from our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>announcement blog</a> and the <a href=https://www.opentitan.org>OpenTitan
+website</a>.</p><div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"><iframe class=embed-responsive-item src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/fczdna1Thks allowfullscreen></iframe></div></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/index.html b/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 5, 2019</time></address><p class=lead>Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.</p><p>CAMBRIDGE, England&ndash;(BUSINESS WIRE)&ndash;lowRISC C.I.C., the open source silicon and tools collaborative engineering company, today announced that it has partnered with ETH Zürich, Google, G+D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology and Western Digital in support of OpenTitan, an open source hardware root of trust (RoT) reference design and integration guidelines that enable chip producers and platform providers to build transparently implemented, high-quality hardware RoT chips tailored for data center servers and other devices.</p><p>Security begins with infrastructure, and OpenTitan will help ensure root of trust in hardware, transparently implemented, at the foundation for a multitude of devices such as server motherboards, network cards, routers and IoT. Adopters of this framework can inspect and contribute to OpenTitan’s register-transfer level (RTL) design, firmware, and documentation, helping to build more transparent, trustworthy hardware RoT chips for everyone.</p><p>OpenTitan is stewarded by lowRISC, which provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term. As with open source software, open silicon provides a deep level of transparency and therefore auditability, as well as enabling innovation. Shared open infrastructure technology permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</p><p>The Ibex RISC-V processor core, which was originally developed by ETH Zürich as zero-riscy and contributed to lowRISC earlier this year, forms a key component for OpenTitan. lowRISC is committed to raising the bar for quality in open silicon via a methodical approach that combines the development and use of best practices and coding standards, with rigorous testing and verification.
+Key benefits of OpenTitan for chip manufacturers and platform providers include:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Transparent:</strong> Adopters can inspect and contribute to OpenTitan’s design, firmware, and documentation, helping to build more transparent, trustworthy hardware RoT chips that benefit everyone.</p></li><li><p><strong>High-quality:</strong> OpenTitan’s goal is to build and maintain a high-quality and logically secure RTL design, firmware, and documentation. The project is staffed by expert engineers focused on rigorous design validation and technical documentation, all based on key learnings from designing Google’s Titan chips.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flexible:</strong> Adopters can increase their total addressable market and reduce costs by using a single platform-agnostic hardware RoT design that can be integrated in data center servers, peripherals, and any other hardware platforms.</p></li></ol><p>“We believe collaboratively developed open source silicon designs provide the flexible, cost effective base needed for future generations of secure hardware products,” said Alex Bradbury, lowRISC CTO. “The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house, enables us to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan, and we look forward to developing this partnership and new ones in the future.”</p><p>“At lowRISC, our mission is to establish a vibrant ecosystem around open silicon designs and to help lower the barrier to producing custom chips,” said Gavin Ferris, lowRISC CIC board member. “Creating an ecosystem of like-minded organizations focused on the goal of improving transparency around chips helps increase trust in the overall security of the infrastructure on which software runs. With OpenTitan, enterprise organizations and consumers alike will benefit from services built on a more secure infrastructure that is anchored in transparently implemented OpenTitan chips.”</p><p>“Customers are asked to put faith in proprietary hardware RoT chips for their mission-critical systems without the ability to fully understand, inspect and therefore trust them,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Lead at Google and lowRISC’s OpenTitan Project Director. “By creating OpenTitan with the broader hardware and academic community, we can leverage the experience and security principles used to create Google’s own Titan chips to make hardware RoT designs more transparent, inspectable, and accessible to the rest of the industry. Security should never be built on opacity.”</p><p>Collaboration is fundamental to open silicon and at the core of everything that lowRISC does, bringing to projects a deep understanding of open source licensing, contributor models and community building, and providing a uniquely positioned engineering capability.</p><p><strong>About lowRISC</strong></p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware - bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world. We are producing high-quality, security-focused, open, and flexible IP. Our expertise includes the LLVM Compiler, novel hardware security extensions and RISC-V tools, hardware and processor design.</p><p><strong>Contacts</strong></p><p>Andrew Back<br>lowRISC<br>press@lowrisc.org</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 5, 2019</time></address><p>With the <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>recent announcement of OpenTitan</a>, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software.
+A great place to continue these discussions is the <a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/>RISC-V Summit in San Jose, CA</a> (Dec 10 - 12, 2019).
+lowRISC will showcase its work in the conference track and in the exhibit hall.</p><p>At booth 101, lowRISC will showcase its recent work and our engineers will be around to answer your questions.
+Stop by if you have questions about OpenTitan, lowRISC in general, or about the LLVM compiler work we&rsquo;re doing!</p><p>If you&rsquo;re using the LLVM compiler or are planning to use it for your next RISC-V project, we invite you to join Alex&rsquo;s talk in the conference track.
+Titled &ldquo;Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got There and What&rsquo;s Next&rdquo; the talk will retrace the journey to make the RISC-V LLVM backend production ready, an effort which hit a major milestone in August this year, when the RISC-V backend was enabled by default for all LLVM/Clang compiler builds.</p><p>See you there! And as always, if you cannot make it to the RISC-V Summit, just drop us a line at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a>!</p><p><strong>Quick facts</strong></p><ul><li><a href=https://tmt.knect365.com/risc-v-summit/agenda/2#software_production-ready-risc-v-support-in-llvmclang-90-how-we-got-there-and-whats-next>Production-ready RISC-V Support in LLVM/Clang 9.0 - How we Got There and What&rsquo;s Next</a>. Wednesday, 11 December 2019 1:20pm - 1:40pm, Grand Ballroom 220-C</li><li>Find lowRISC in booth 101 in the exhibit hall.</li></ul></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png b/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png
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rename to news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_400x0_resize_box_2.png
diff --git a/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html b/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
+<time>January 29, 2020</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_400x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_200x0_resize_box_2.png alt="FOSDEM logo" title=FOSDEM class="float-right m-2"><p>I’ll be giving a talk in the <a href=https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/track/risc_v/>RISC-V devroom</a> at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex RISC-V CPU core</a>. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes. I’ll talk about how this analysis was performed and what was required to avoid adversely impacting clock frequency.</p><p><em>Update: talk <a href=https://fosdem.org/2020/schedule/event/riscv_lowrisc/attachments/slides/3689/export/events/attachments/riscv_lowrisc/slides/3689/20200201_FOSDEM_Ibex_Perf.pdf>slides</a> and <a href=https://ftp.fau.de/fosdem/2020/K.3.401/riscv_lowrisc.mp4>video</a> are now available.</em></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html b/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Students for GSoC projects wanted &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Students for GSoC projects wanted</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel,
+<time>March 23, 2020</time></address><p>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code (GSoC)</a> and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us.
+The GSoC initiative gives students the opportunity to spend the summer break gaining real-world hardware and software development experience while earning a stipend from Google.
+If you&rsquo;re a student interested in applying, we strongly recommend you read up on <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/how-it-works/>how GSoC works</a> and study the <a href=https://google.github.io/gsocguides/student/>Google Summer of Code Student Guide</a>, which contains excellent advice on preparing a high quality proposal.</p><p>We have a set of <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/>project proposals</a> based around the vibrant open source projects that we either host or actively contribute to.
+Examples include: the OpenTitan silicon root of trust; our RISC-V processor core, Ibex; the LLVM compiler infrastructure; and the lowRISC 64-bit SoC.
+In addition, some of our proposals also connect these projects with other open-source initiatives such as <a href=http://www.clifford.at/icestorm/>Project IceStorm</a>, the fully open source Verilog-to-bitstream flow for iCE40 FPGAs, and <a href=https://sigrok.org/>sigrok</a>, the portable, cross-platform, signal analysis software suite.</p><p>Our projects will be mentored by the lowRISC engineering team.
+We are experienced with guiding GSoC and other student projects at top academic institutions such as the University of Cambridge, TU München, and ETH Zürich.</p><p>Are you interested in gaining ground in the open source community?
+Do you want to do a GSoC project in a vibrant ecosystem with motivated mentors?
+Get in contact with us to work with potential lowRISC mentors to prepare your application for GSoC 2020.
+<strong>But hurry up, the submission deadline is one week from now, on March 31!</strong></p><p>We are especially interested in using GSoC as an opportunity to broaden participation in open source development—we particularly encourage applications from underrepresented groups and those who may not have had the opportunity to participate in open source previously.</p><p>Please check out our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/docs/gsoc-2020-ideas/>project proposals</a> and get in contact with us on our <a href=https://lowrisc.zulipchat.com/>Zulip group chat</a>.
+We are keen to start discussing potential projects!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html b/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Sam Elliott and Pirmin Vogel,
+<time>May 4, 2020</time></address><p>We are pleased to announce that we will be mentoring two students as part of <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC).</p><p>We are looking forward to working with Flavien and Yuichi on features and tools to improve IP such as Ibex, our open-source RISC-V core.</p><h2 id=flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:7632e5dc6678dadad5f34231172c35cc>Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2><p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design.
+The problem is that the external memory interface is running at a very high speed compared to the core CPU (e.g. a 25MHz core clock speed but external memory running a several hundred MHz).
+This can be misleading when trying to consider what the performance would be on an ASIC, as the CPU clock speed could be many times higher but the memory frequency remains the same or increases by a much smaller amount.
+The solution is to implement a memory controller for the FPGA that can accurately “simulate” memory access delays in terms of the processor’s clock cycles.</p><p>Flavien will be mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p><h2 id=yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:7632e5dc6678dadad5f34231172c35cc>Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2><p>Pointer Authentication uses cryptographic message authentication codes (MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of pointers in order to aggravate attacks targeting arbitrary code execution through malicious manipulation of code and data pointers.
+This project aims to perform a proof-of-concept integration of pointer authentication into Ibex.
+The focus lies on integrating pointer authentication into the processor pipeline.
+To this end, new custom instructions need to be added to generate and authenticate pointers based on the value of the program counter, stack pointer and a secret key (including exception handling if authentication fails).</p><p>Yuichi will be mentored by Pirmin Vogel, Luís Marques, and Sam Elliott.</p><p>At this point, we would like to thank all the students who applied for a GSoC project with lowRISC, as well as Google for running the program of course (now in its 15th year).
+We received many high-quality applications, but unfortunately, we could not accept all of them.</p><p>We&rsquo;re excited about the opportunity to bring new people into the open source hardware community and are looking forward to collaborating with Flavien and Yuichi over the coming months.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Pirmin Vogel, Sam Elliott, and Greg Chadwick,
+<time>September 14, 2020</time></address><p>Time is ticking and summer is almost over already. With that, also our this
+years’ <a href=https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/>Google Summer of Code</a> (GSoC)
+projects are coming to an end. A lot of open-source coding has been done, pull
+requests have been made, reviewed and merged. Experiments have been conducted,
+results were gathered, interpreted and presented. Bugs were found and fixed, and
+the resulting designs further improved. Both our students and mentors have been
+working hard and we are pleased to announce that both our two projects described
+below have been completed successfully.</p><h2 id=flavien-solt-simulated-memory-controller:e3c03609ab0a0f9848f22352b7bf2286>Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller</h2><p>It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers
+derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design. The problem is that the
+external memory interface is running at a very high speed compared to the core
+CPU (e.g. a 25MHz core clock speed but external memory running a several hundred
+MHz). This can be misleading when trying to consider what the performance would
+be on an ASIC, as the CPU clock speed could be many times higher but the memory
+frequency remains the same or increases by a much smaller amount. The solution
+is to implement a memory controller for the FPGA that can accurately “simulate”
+memory access delays in terms of the processor’s clock cycles.</p><p>In this project, Flavien designed, implemented and verified such a Simulated
+Memory Controller IP core from scratch. The core features configurable AMBA AXI4
+host and device interfaces and is inserted between the processor and the real
+memory controller. Internally, it observes the memory requests sent by the
+processor, buffers the responses from the memory controller, and releases them
+to the processor after inserting an additional delay. The delays are determined
+by a separated Delay Calculator block that emulates a memory request scheduler and controller.
+The first version designed by Flavien uses a First-Ready, First-Come First
+Served strategy but it can be replaced by more advanced schedulers if needed in
+the future. The design can be used both in RTL simulation and on FPGA.</p><p>All of Flavien&rsquo;s code, including documentation and a Verilator testbench can be found in <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/gsoc-sim-mem>our
+<code>gsoc-sim-mem</code> GitHub repository</a>.</p><p>For more information on the project and Flavien’s experience, please read his
+<a href=https://flaviens.github.io/simmem/>blog post about the project</a>.</p><p>Flavien was mentored by Greg Chadwick, Alex Bradbury, and Pirmin Vogel.</p><h2 id=yuichi-sugiyama-integrating-pointer-authentication-into-ibex:e3c03609ab0a0f9848f22352b7bf2286>Yuichi Sugiyama: Integrating Pointer Authentication into Ibex</h2><p>Pointer Authentication (PA) uses cryptographic message authentication codes
+(MACs) both generated and authenticated at runtime to protect the integrity of
+pointers in order to aggravate attacks targeting arbitrary code execution
+through malicious manipulation of code and data pointers.</p><p>In this project, Yuichi performed a proof-of-concept integration of PA into our
+own RISC-V core <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a>. Previously, pointer
+authentication had only been implemented in high-performance, 64-bit
+application-class processors. To our knowledge, this GSoC project is the first
+attempt to implement PA in a 32-bit embedded processor, and it required Yuichi
+to face a couple of challenges related to a reduced feature set and
+micro-architectural differences. Yuichi integrated an existing block cipher
+module for generating and authenticating the MACs into the Ibex pipeline and he
+added new instructions and control and status registers (CSRs) for using this
+cipher module. In addition, he added support for these instructions in the LLVM
+compiler and designed a new compiler pass to automatically protect return
+addresses using pointer authentication. The performance of the resulting PA
+implementation has been profiled using CoreMark and Embench in a Verilator
+simulation. This also allowed Yuichi to estimate the effect of different cipher
+core latencies on application performance. His work has demonstrated that PA can
+be implemented in embedded 32-bit processors at reasonable area overhead of
+roughly 20% and protect return address addresses at an average performance
+overhead of just 2 to 3%.</p><p>The work for integrating PA into Ibex, including a simple demo application, can
+be found on <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex/tree/gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication>the <code>gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication</code> branch of our GitHub
+repository</a>.</p><p>The work on the Clang and LLVM compilers can be found on <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/llvm-project/tree/gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication>the
+<code>gsoc/2020/pointer-authentication</code> branch of our GitHub
+fork</a>.</p><p>In addition, Yuichi also landed <a href=https://reviews.llvm.org/rG3f7068ad986d7f44f47faec78597a5e62b07b20b>an upstream patch into
+LLVM</a>. This
+allows the Ibex benchmarks to be compiled with Clang/LLVM.</p><p>For more information and Yuichi’s detailed report, please read his <a href=https://mmxsrup.github.io/2020/08/31/gsoc2020-final-report.html>blog post
+about the
+project</a>.</p><p>Yuichi was mentored by Pirmin Vogel, Luis Marques, and Sam Elliott.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html b/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/index.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award! &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 22, 2020</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" title="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" class="float-right rounded m-2"><p>On October 20th, lowRISC CIC won in the Open Hardware category at the <a href=https://openuk.uk/awards/>2020 OpenUK Awards</a>, describing lowRISC as &ldquo;the jewel in the crown of the UK’s open silicon companies&rdquo;. The OpenUK awards promote &ldquo;UK Leadership in Open Technology&rdquo;, and are given out by OpenUK, a UK-based not-for-profit company which supports open source collaboration and open technologies within the United Kingdom.</p><p>On receiving the award, lowRISC CTO, Alex Bradbury, said &ldquo;We&rsquo;re incredibly grateful to have been recognised for our achievements and contributions to date. Six years into our journey, it&rsquo;s a fantastic time to reflect on and thank the many people helping to make our vision for open source silicon a reality - our community of contributors, project partners, and the growing lowRISC team.”</p><p>What a great present to receive on the occasion of lowRISC&rsquo;s 6th Birthday! It doesn’t seem too long ago we were celebrating our 5th birthday but what a year it has been. The pioneering open silicon project <a href=https://www.opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> has had its public launch, we&rsquo;ve moved to a great new office, hired new staff and are making fantastic progress on OpenTitan, Ibex and LLVM.</p><p>We&rsquo;ve had our heads down working hard, so haven&rsquo;t been writing about our work as much as we&rsquo;d like but we&rsquo;ll be getting a larger update out soon. In the meantime, you can always see what we&rsquo;re up to on our <a href=https://www.github.com/lowRISC>GitHub Repositories</a> and contribute yourself.</p><p>Don&rsquo;t forget we&rsquo;re actively hiring, so if you want to get involved in our work full time take a look at our <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org/jobs/>Jobs Page</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg b/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg
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diff --git a/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg b/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_600x0_resize_q75_box.jpg
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diff --git a/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html b/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Luís Marques,
+<time>October 8, 2020</time></address><p>At this <a href=http://llvm.org/devmtg/2020-09/>October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting</a> I presented a
+<a href=/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/llvm-dev-meeting-oct-2020-poster.pdf>poster</a>
+about how, with a surprisingly simple tool, we were able to rapidly identify, isolate, and fix a range of missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&rsquo;s RISC-V backend.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/longfruit>tool</a> works by generating random C programs, compiling each program with both Clang and GCC (targeting RISC-V) and comparing the assembly generated by both compilers. If it estimates that Clang/LLVM generated worse code than GCC then it saves that case for further analysis. We found that, even with a simple implementation, this tool was surprisingly effective.</p><p>The tool works in multiple stages:</p><ul><li>The random code generator (a simple recursive descent generator) directly emits the code, without building an AST. This is easy to customise, so we can use our knowledge of the RISC-V ISA and of the backend to ensure it generates C code that is more likely to identify problematic cases.</li><li>To perform quality estimation and comparison of the assembly output, the tool assigns costs to the individual instructions, and adds up the costs for the entire assembly sequence. An individual instruction cost is determined by its operation kind (load/store/branch/arithmetic/&hellip;). The tool detects cases where Clang could improve by checking if its assembly output has a higher total cost than that of GCC.</li><li>Detected cases are minimized by running <a href=https://embed.cs.utah.edu/creduce/>C-Reduce</a> in combination with the tool. By minimizing the source program while ensuring that the quality difference is preserved we produce concise test cases that isolate code quality issues.</li></ul><p>This straight-forward approach has proven to be powerful enough to detect issues across a variety of categories. Examples include:</p><ul><li>Poor constant materialisation sequences;</li><li>Unnecessary sign extensions;</li><li>Using branches instead of RISC-V comparison instructions;</li><li>Not using the offset immediates in some load and store instructions;</li><li>Unnecessary floating-point conversions;</li><li>Dead instructions.</li></ul><p>We have already addressed a range of the issues we found. As we take care of all of the low-hanging fruit, we can also keep improving the tool to detect more subtle cases.</p><p>If you missed the poster session, you can still watch a 5-minute video summary, shown below.</p><iframe width=560 height=315 src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/chi74XqWU1c frameborder=0 allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/index.html b/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan at One Year &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan at One Year</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 22, 2020</time></address><p>Last year, along with our <a href=https://opentitan.org/#partners>partners</a>, lowRISC announced <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a>, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year-open-source.html>Google Security Blog</a> post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.</p><p>OpenTitan’s success demonstrates the value of the lowRISC <a href="https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/digital-technology-and-the-planet/digital-technology-and-the-planet-report.pdf#page=65">collaborative engineering model</a>, wherein our full-stack engineering team allows us to serve as an essential development hub. Our governance support, open source expertise, and engineering contributions, enable us to provide a healthy environment for the development of high quality silicon design and verification IP that solves real-world problems.</p><p>You can see this collaborative approach in practice with such blocks as the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/master/hw/ip/aes>AES</a> accelerator, and the <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex processor core</a> at OpenTitan’s heart. These were developed in close collaboration with our partners using the same shared engineering methodology that all lowRISC projects follow to build high quality IP: structured <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/project/development_stages/>development stages and review processes</a>, our <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/comportability_specification/>comportable IP</a> framework and adherence to strict <a href=https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/rm/>coding and style guidelines</a>.</p><p>We’re excited about OpenTitan&rsquo;s future. It lays the foundation for critical security infrastructure to be built upon an open, trustworthy technology, and provides a pathfinder model for successful open source silicon development to drive widespread adoption and use.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/index.html b/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 15, 2021</time></address><p>lowRISC is delighted that <a href=https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah12/>Andy Hopper</a>,
+lowRISC&rsquo;s independent chair, has been <a href=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-queens-birthday-honours-2021>knighted for services to Computer
+Technology</a>.</p><p>Andy said &ldquo;As you might imagine I am delighted. What I have achieved is all a
+result of teamwork. The University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Cluster have
+provided a wonderfully collaborative and flexible environment within which I
+have had the good fortune to work for over 40 years.&rdquo;</p><p>The culture he created, and his interest in and support for doing things in
+non-standard ways, has helped to establish over 200 start-ups, including
+lowRISC CIC.</p><p>Sir Andy Hopper, CBE, FIET, FREng, FRS, is Treasurer and Vice-President of the
+Royal Society and Professor of Computer Technology in the Department of
+Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>June 2, 2022</time></address><p>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.</p><p>The acquisition brings added momentum to lowRISC, whose <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a> project – a collaboration between lowRISC, Google, Western Digital, Seagate and other commercial and academic partners – has created the first transparent, high-quality reference design and integration guidelines for silicon root of trust (RoT) chips. As an open source project, OpenTitan enables the larger community to proactively audit, evaluate and dramatically improve the security properties of the chip design. With the addition of NewAE Technology’s advanced hardware security analysis tools, OpenTitan’s community of partners will now be able to conduct side-channel power analysis and fault injection attacks to uncover vulnerabilities in physical security implementations of their own silicon.</p><p>“NewAE’s groundbreaking and accessible tools have the potential to be central to security testing of embedded silicon throughout the ecosystem,” said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC. “With its open-design approach to hardware and its commitment to transparency and security, NewAE strategically complements our own open source silicon design focus, helping create transparent silicon worthy of being trusted. We look forward to continuing to support and expand upon NewAE’s current product offerings, bolstering evaluation of OpenTitan’s own security, and ensuring that open source hardware can be hardened against the most serious attacks.”</p><p>Founded in 2014, NewAE Technology built the first commercially supported open source toolchain for advanced hardware security evaluation, including side-channel analysis and fault injection. Its signature product, ChipWhisperer, is an open source toolchain that provides a standardized capture tool for testing new analysis algorithms in real time along with countermeasures to expose weaknesses that exist in embedded systems. As such, this acquisition will enable lowRISC to develop and evaluate digital countermeasures in the open source, disrupting the market of traditionally niche security analysis tools with an approachable, accessible hardware security tool.</p><p>“lowRISC’s acquisition of NewAE brings together two philosophically-aligned organizations committed to secure, open source silicon development and adoption, bringing transparency to what has traditionally been a very locked down ecosystem,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan’s Project Director. “NewAE’s offerings will fundamentally change the nature of OpenTitan silicon development by enabling engineers and designers in our community to be more aware of side-channel and fault-injection attacks, allowing us all to build more secure systems.”</p><p>Side-channel and fault-injection attacks enable attackers to break into and extract information from a secure device. Because these attacks are often non-invasive, they are difficult to detect and some of the most challenging to mitigate. With a side-channel attack, bad actors can obtain cryptographic keys by observing a device’s power consumption to extract critical secrets. Fault-injection attacks occur when an attacker injects a fault into a device to disrupt its intended behavior and access information.</p><p>“NewAE and lowRISC’s shared belief in open source hardware made lowRISC a natural home for ChipWhisperer and related projects,” said Colin O’Flynn, CEO, NewAE Technology, Inc. “This alignment brings to the OpenTitan project expertise in precise analysis tools that visualize weaknesses in silicon that would be vulnerable to side-channel and fault-injection attacks. This lets us focus not just on security tooling, but also on an entire stack of embedded security solutions.”</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html b/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Dominic Rizzo (OpenTitan) and Jason Oberg (Cycuity),
+<time>August 3, 2022</time></address><p>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p>Cycuity provides software products that help detect and prevent unexpected design weaknesses throughout the semiconductor design process. The Radix product line enables rigorous hardware security assurance for all types of silicon devices, helping companies that build or rely on semiconductors achieve security sign-off more systematically and predictably. OpenTitan’s freely available, permissively licensed, security-focused design presented an ideal opportunity to demonstrate Cycuity’s technology, while providing greater assurances of OpenTitan’s design in the process.</p><p>Since open source hardware roots of trusts are a new technology – OpenTitan being the first – it is important to transparently create confidence in their correctness. Due to its open availability, Cycuity was able to use the OpenTitan design to demonstrate the effectiveness of using security verification to show the trustworthiness of open source hardware. Collaborating with Professor Ryan Kastner and his lab at UC San Diego, we successfully applied Cycuity’s Radix technology to OpenTitan’s OTP controller, validating some challenging security requirements.</p><h2 id=importance-of-security-verification:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd>Importance of Security Verification</h2><p>OpenTitan’s rich suite of security features enables it to be a trustworthy root of trust for the systems that adopt it. Fundamentally, this means these secure features must be maximally correct. Systematically specifying security requirements and then building a security verification plan for those requirements helps achieve the highest levels of assurance for a design.</p><p>Security verification is often challenging due to the difficulty in easily mapping security requirements into concise verification rules and being able to execute those rules within the existing design verification environments. Furthermore, security requirements are often vague or poorly specified, making specification of compact verification statements difficult.</p><p>Cycuity’s Radix products use information flow, an innovative technology that makes it very efficient to create concise security rules based on requirements and easily identify any violations to security requirements from unknown or unexpected weaknesses in the design. Radix’s security analysis capabilities also make it very effective at helping refine security requirements if they are not clearly defined.</p><h2 id=example-security-requirements-for-opentitan-s-otp-controller:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd>Example: Security Requirements for OpenTitan’s OTP Controller</h2><p>Radix builds security requirements by basing them on design assets. To do so effectively,
+several components of the security requirement should be identified, including:</p><ul><li><strong>Assets</strong>: Resources in the design that should be protected from an adversary</li><li><strong>Security Objectives</strong>: Confidentiality, Integrity, or Availability for the Assets</li><li><strong>Protections</strong> and <strong>Protection Boundaries</strong> for the design assets under the security objective</li></ul><p>Using this framework creates succinct and verifiable security requirements that can be easily executed within the Radix software.</p><p>Numerous assets in OpenTitan require protection from an adversary to ensure its secure operation. One example is a random netlist key stored within OpenTitan’s one-time programmable (OTP) memory controller that is used to scramble user keys in order to protect them against physical attacks, such as those from fault injection. By using the approach described above, we created a concise security requirement for this random netlist key asset below:</p><blockquote><p>“RndCnstKey should not be read on the OTP outputs”</p></blockquote><p>From this security requirement, we were able to identify the asset as the RndCnstKey, the security objective as Confidentiality, and the protection boundary as the OTP outputs. With this information, we were able to easily create a Radix security rule and execute it within Radix in order to analyze any security violations.</p><h2 id=analyzing-security-violations:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd>Analyzing Security Violations</h2><p>A critical component of the security verification process is security analysis. This is crucial to ensure that the security requirements are concisely specified, as well as to assist in identifying unknown design weaknesses. By using Radix’s security analysis capabilities, we were able to validate that the random constant key never makes it to the output of the OTP controller in an unscrambled form, which is a good thing.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_1998x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/cycuity_hu9191a69f6d1e9825305c869c985dc9e9_165410_999x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Screenshot of Radix Analysis" title="Screenshot of Radix Analysis" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"><p>While applying Radix to the OTP controller, we also identified intermediate values of the random constant key appearing on the output of the scrambler. This is interesting and surprising, but was determined to be a low risk since the intermediate values are protected at the boundary of the OTP output. Even so, this information enabled OpenTitan to push a fix mitigating this leakage out of an abundance of caution to potential future threats.</p><p>This systematic analysis enabled us to provide strong assurance that an adversary is unlikely to recover the random constant key and subvert the mitigations within the OTP controller, since the only way it can get access to key information externally is when the key is in a scrambled form. We will continue to work on several other design assets and security requirements to verify other important security features within OpenTitan in a similar manner. We will also share the security requirements and findings with the community to help advance OpenTitan’s secure development lifecycle.</p><h2 id=summary-takeaways:045cbb74b287cd83a4e422eaae13fccd>Summary / Takeaways</h2><p>OpenTitan is a powerful silicon root of trust design with comprehensive security features necessary for building secure systems anchored in hardware. Along with other best practices, defining concise security requirements and performing systematic security verification helps ensure these features are integrated and configured securely throughout the design lifecycle.</p><p>With Radix’s unique security analysis capabilities, we were able to identify improvements to the design of select OpenTitan blocks that conventional functional verification techniques can sometimes miss. This has and will continue to increase the assurance in the security that OpenTitan provides openly and transparently.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 5, 2022</time></address><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom</strong>, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.</p><p>Eckert holds the chair for IT Security in the Department of Computer Science at Technical University of Munich (TUM) and is director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC) in Munich, overseeing more than 220 researchers. She has over 30 years of research and development experience in the field of IT security, with a focus on new methods and technology to increase embedded system and application security, as well as research aimed at increasing the resilience of systems against attacks.</p><p>&ldquo;We are very pleased to welcome Prof. Dr. Eckert – a premier expert in the field – to our board of directors,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC. &ldquo;She shares our vision for the future of open-source hardware and silicon development and her R&amp;D experience in IT security will be of great value in moving our mission forward. With her breadth of knowledge and her technical insight, Prof. Eckert will help us deliver an industry first: high-quality, secure open-source system-on-chip designs.&rdquo;</p><p>She joins Andy Hopper, professor of Computer Technology and former head of the Department of Computer Science and Technology at the University of Cambridge and independent chair, treasurer, and vice president of The Royal Society; Luca Benini, professor of Electronics at University of Bologna, chair of Digital Circuits and Systems at ETH Zurich; Gavin Ferris, CEO, lowRISC; Ron Minnich, senior staff software engineer at Google; Robert Mullins, professor of Computer Architecture at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge; and Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan Project Lead, Google.</p><p>&ldquo;As someone who is very active in the cybersecurity field and open-source software space, I am proud to lend my expertise in open-source and related security issues to advance lowRISC’s mission of bringing secure open-source innovation to the silicon design ecosystem,&rdquo; said Eckert. &ldquo;lowRISC’s forward-looking approach addresses some of the most significant technology challenges we’re facing – from global chip supply shortages to security implementation. lowRISC’s innovation in open-source hardware is unparalleled and I am proud to be a part of this important and exciting endeavor.&rdquo;</p><p>Eckert earned her degree in Computer Science at the University of Bonn and finished her Ph.D. at TUM. She worked at several universities including the University of Oldenburg, Kiel University, LMU Munich, and the University of Bremen. She founded the Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt, of which she was deputy director until 2010, and later went on to found the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security in Munich with a specially created professorship alongside it at TUM.</p><p>As a member of various national and international industrial advisory boards and scientific committees, Eckert advises companies, business associations and the public sector on all IT security issues. In specialist committees, she is involved in the design of the technical and scientific framework in Germany and in the design of scientific funding programs at the EU level.</p><p>Eckert has received numerous awards and accolades, including the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Society for Information Technology’s Digital Minds award, which honors those who advance digital development in Germany. In 2011, the trade journal Computerwoche ranked Eckert among the top 100 most important personalities in the German ICT landscape.</p><p>Media Contact: <a href=mailto:lowrisc@thatcherandco.com>lowrisc@thatcherandco.com</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 31, 2022</time></address><p>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins <em>their</em> effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).</p><p>And yet, despite the vital role these RoTs play, few people, including even security professionals, are familiar with what a Root of Trust is — or in fact that it even exists. What’s more, given how essential these devices are to the safety of our products and to enabling our modern way of life, RoTs are not as ubiquitous as they should be.</p><p>So, what does a Root of Trust do exactly? Many things, but amongst the most important are ensuring that only authorized code can run on the system it sits in, and securely storing secrets independent from that device’s operating system.</p><p>The first of these you can think of like a bouncer guarding the front door of a nightclub who pats you down before he lets you in. It won’t allow any suspicious code - such as low-level ransomware &ndash; to enter and wreck the party.</p><p>The second is an essential method to secure critical data &ndash; such as your biometrics like fingerprints and facial profile &ndash; against theft, even if the device’s OS is compromised.</p><p>These silicon RoTs are so important to modern society that we at <a href=https://www.lowrisc.org>lowRISC</a> believe their design and implementation should be transparent. Otherwise, how can users be confident that its security features are as strong and robust as they need to be?</p><p>That is why we host and support <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan™</a>, the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust design. Our collaborative Silicon Commons chip development approach allows us — together with our partners — to create designs of known good provenance that anyone can examine, extend and integrate, sharing our collective expertise as we do. Crucially, this enables users to believe in the security claims being made, because transparent designs enable independent scrutiny.</p><p>While this way of working has become widespread in the <em>software</em> domain — with open source collaboration proving hugely beneficial to businesses and consumers alike — progress on the <em>hardware</em> side has been slower, as chip creators have, perhaps understandably given the huge costs of development, sought to keep their intellectual property to themselves. But the OpenTitan project shows how times are changing. That’s because with open hardware designs, we get not only better security but faster innovation and better products too, making the approach a win-win for business and consumers alike.</p><p>So as we round out a month dedicated to increasing cybersecurity awareness — in which we’ve been reminded to strengthen our passwords and promptly install all software updates — remember that small but essential piece of hardware, the silicon RoT. This unsung hero is working behind the scenes to keep your money and data secure, every time you fire up your laptop, unlock your car, or buy a coffee with your phone. So wouldn’t you like to know what’s inside it? With OpenTitan, <a href=https://www.github.com/lowrisc/opentitan>you can</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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diff --git a/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/index.html b/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>December 2, 2022</time></address><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_1000x0_resize_box_2.png alt="OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner" title="OpenUK Awards Hardware Category Winner" class="d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto"><p>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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diff --git a/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png b/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/openuk_awards_2022_winner_hu3011e85c971699f21d8892c670eef0ef_129401_2000x0_resize_box_2.png
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diff --git a/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/index.html b/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>April 20, 2023</time></address><p>We are excited to announce today that the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.</p><p>Together with our partners, we began the OpenTitan project in 2019 with the goal of producing the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust (RoT). With this new achievement we are a step closer to realising that goal.</p><p>Getting to this point has taken a lot of coordinated work, as we&rsquo;ve had to navigate the many stumbling blocks that have traditionally made open-source silicon development a challenge. In a recent article for EETimes, where we first made this announcement, we discussed the seven &ldquo;deadly sins&rdquo; that have kept open-source silicon from reaching its full potential — and how OpenTitan has addressed these difficulties, starting with our Silicon Commons framework.</p><p>By following this framework — which mandates a scrupulously neutral and strictly enforced governance approach, a mature, shared continuous integration, verification and development infrastructure, and a rigorous collaborative development workflow —- we have flipped those seven sins into seven virtues.</p><p>As a result, we are well on our way to fulfilling our mission to make this fully verified, industrial strength open-source silicon design available to anyone who needs it. You can read more in the full EETimes article <a href=https://www.eetimes.com/ushering-in-a-new-era-for-open-source-silicon-development/>here</a>.</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by The OpenTitan Team,
+<time>June 16, 2023</time></address><p>We are delighted to <a href=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2023/06/opentitan-rtl-freeze.html.html>announce</a> an important development for <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan®</a>: <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/releases/tag/Earlgrey-M2.5.1-RC0>RTL Freeze</a> for the <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>Earl Grey</a> discrete, the first OpenTitan chip tapeout. This milestone is a source of immense pride for lowRISC and our OpenTitan partners, because it’s a concrete demonstration of the success of the Silicon Commons™ approach to making silicon radically more transparent and trustworthy.</p><p>In partnership with Nuvoton, a major TPM vendor, this RTL freeze means that the OpenTitan coalition will have engineering samples of the discrete silicon root of trust (RoT) this calendar year. These chips play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity of devices ranging from motherboards and network cards to laptops, phones, and IoT platforms – creating the solid foundation for all other platform security services, ensuring the end user benefits from the RoT without having to worry about it.</p><p>And while this is an exciting milestone for the project, our impact on the industry is just getting started. We see this proof point as an opportunity to continue the work of our carefully crafted community of talented commercial partners, independent developers, and personal contributors to build a truly trusted computing future from the OpenTitan silicon ecosystem.</p><p>When we <a href=https://lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>publicly announced OpenTitan</a> as the world’s first open source RoT in 2019, we did so with support from a broad and growing set of friends and partners, including Google, G+D Mobile Security, ETH Zurich, Nuvoton, Winbond, Seagate, Western Digital, Rivos, and now zeroRISC. We extend our heartfelt gratitude for their <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/pulse/monthly>contributions</a> and to the many individuals who have generously shared their expertise and creativity with us over the years.</p><p>lowRISC C.I.C. has been privileged to support this flourishing community since inception. Our Silicon Commons™ methodology, developed with OpenTitan’s partners to support distributed open silicon collaboration, has enabled commits to grow from 2,500 at launch to over 20,000 today, with more than 165 contributors merging over 13,000 pull requests containing more than 1.5 million lines of code. The Earl Grey chip itself contains 34 unique blocks, each with a standardized, <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/contributing/hw/comportability/index.html>comportable</a> interface. These include hardened KMAC, AES and asymmetric cryptography accelerator blocks plus the <a href=https://github.com/lowrisc/ibex>Ibex 32-bit RISC-V core</a> in a dual-core lockstep configuration. Each element in the ecosystem includes a full suite of open source documentation and design verification, including top-level tests for the full chip.</p><p>&ldquo;When we started OpenTitan, I could not have predicted how quickly and successfully it would expand &ndash; starting from a simple reference design to become the first commercially available complete open source silicon product. This RTL Freeze milestone, significant for any chip, shows that open source and silicon aren’t inherently incompatible given enough sustained focus,” said Dominic Rizzo, OpenTitan founder and Project Director. “With billions more hyper-connected devices coming online in the next decade, rooting security in the silicon has become table stakes – and open source enables trustworthy, affordable silicon security.”</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_1100x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/hw-development-lifecycle_huce05e3c809b99c73b342560ef6f11100_65553_550x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development" title="Diagram of OpenTitan Earl Grey development" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"><h2 id=open-source-meets-principled-design:ef1dfcb88a71b56d156ffa0f6b8e2088>Open Source meets Principled Design</h2><p>The OpenTitan project has followed <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html>three principles</a> from the start: transparency, high quality, and flexibility. These guide us through every stage of hardware development, ensuring stringent adherence to standards from start through final integration. Comprehensive testbenches, infrastructure, and a robust verification methodology – all in the open source – only reinforce our commitment to quality.</p><p>We run over 40,000 tests every day, in public and available on the OpenTitan <a href=https://opentitan.org/dashboard/index.html>Design Verification Dashboard</a>. Rapid identification and resolution of regressions ensures that design quality is sustained in the face of rapid development changes. We move fast and <em>don’t</em> break things – and fix them quickly when they do. The Earl Grey chip’s functional and code coverage rates typically exceed 90%, on par or better than proprietary designs.</p><p>OpenTitan’s infrastructure support includes: test frameworks, continuous integration, and per-block device interface functions, host tools to support official OpenTitan® instances, and a formal release process. In combination, these enable successful open source silicon designs and the ability to adopt them with confidence in their stability. As you would expect, our <a href=https://opentitan.org/documentation/index.html>documentation</a> suite includes a <a href=https://opentitan.org/guides/getting_started/index.html>Getting Started Guide</a>, a step-by-step installation guide for starting to work with the OpenTitan design using a Linux workstation.</p><h2 id=join-the-opentitan-project:ef1dfcb88a71b56d156ffa0f6b8e2088>Join the OpenTitan Project</h2><p>We invite you to join the OpenTitan project as we mark this significant milestone towards achieving transparency and trustworthiness in the silicon root of trust. The flourishing OpenTitan community makes inevitable a transparent, trustworthy, and affordable secure computing future.</p><p>If you would like to contribute, please visit the open source <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan>GitHub repository</a> or <a href=mailto:get-involved@opentitan.org>get in touch</a> with the OpenTitan team!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</h1><address class=lr-blog-author>by Greg Chadwick,
+<time>July 17, 2023</time></address><p><a href=https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze</a> of <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>Earl Grey</a>, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s mission is to provide a secure root of trust, which is complemented by a secure processor core. To address this need, we elevated one of the most widely deployed, highest quality RISC-V cores in academia to the industrial-level of quality characteristic of this project. While we were at it, we added additional hardening and security features of broad utility to all who may want to reuse Ibex in other designs.</p><p>More specifically, the development of a processor core, such as Ibex, goes beyond the RTL design itself. In order for the design to be viable for commercial usage, several additional aspects need to be considered and addressed. This blog post highlights the importance of comprehensive design verification (DV), how we utilized DV in the development of Ibex, and the role of regressions. This blog is based on a speaking session I presented at the RISC-V summit if you want to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYyi8ZhEQxA">watch the video</a>.</p><h2 id=what-is-ibex:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474>What is Ibex?</h2><p>Ibex is an open-source 32-bit RISC-V core, designed with extensions specifically tailored for security, IoT, and embedded applications. Some of the notable features of Ibex include its ePMP (Enhanced Physical Memory Protection) support, debug capability, instruction cache, and a flexible 2 or 3 stage pipeline.</p><p>One of the key strengths of Ibex lies in its highly configurable nature. Developers can tailor Ibex to meet their specific requirements, enabling them to optimize the core for different use cases. This configurability ensures that Ibex can be seamlessly integrated into a variety of systems and scenarios.</p><p>Ibex is integrated within the Earl Grey chip in a dual-lockstep configuration as a fault-injection mitigation mechanism, adding an additional layer of physical attack protection to the platform. This feature is particularly relevant for use in OpenTitan, where a robust and secure foundation is even more important for building trustworthy systems.</p><h2 id=why-does-design-verification-and-testing-matter:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474>Why does design verification and testing matter?</h2><p>While RTL design is a crucial component of a processor core, it is only one aspect of the overall development process. Like all OpenTitan components, Ibex emphasizes the importance of design verification (DV) processes, which ensures the reliability of the core, and allows developers to choose Ibex as the foundation for their projects with confidence.</p><p>Design verification needs to be credible to demonstrate the core&rsquo;s robustness. This requires the development of complete test plans and coverage plans that encompass a wide range of scenarios and potential corner cases. Nightly regressions with published results enable ongoing monitoring of the core&rsquo;s performance and progress, providing valuable insights into its stability and reliability.</p><p>In addition to verification, the RTL needs to be consumable by a variety of EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools to ensure compatibility with different developer toolchains. Additionally, having a lint clean RTL helps identify and eliminate potential coding issues that could impact performance or functionality.</p><h2 id=how-does-ibex-facilitate-design-verification-and-testing:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474>How does Ibex facilitate design verification and testing?</h2><p>Ibex&rsquo;s DV strategy involves specifying tests that focus on different scenarios, enabling thorough coverage of the code and functionality. By systematically designing tests for different scenarios, our developers have ensured that the core performs as intended across a wide range of use cases.</p><p>Ibex leverages <a href=https://github.com/chipsalliance/riscv-dv>randomized programs generated by RISC-V DV</a>. The RISC-V DV tool generates programs that stress different features of the core, enabling comprehensive testing and bug detection, by generating stimuli to test the core’s behavior under various scenarios.</p><p>In addition to these randomized tests, Ibex employs a UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) testbench with configurable sequences for constrained randomized stimulus. This provides a framework for generating stimuli that target specific aspects of the core&rsquo;s behavior. The sequences are configurable, allowing developers to control the input parameters and stimuli generation, such as instruction and data memory accesses, interrupts, and debug requests.</p><p>Co-simulation with Spike ISS (Instruction Set Simulator) is utilized to ensure the core behaves as expected. This involves running the same stimuli in both the RTL implementation of Ibex and the Spike ISS, and comparing their outputs. Co-simulation also includes checking all data memory accesses to verify the integrity of memory operations.</p><p>Functional coverage is gathered at both an architectural level (e.g. checking every implemented instruction has been tested) and a microarchitectural level (e.g. checking we’ve seen all combinations of pipeline stalls and instruction types). Full coverage includes everything specified in the <a href=https://ibex-core.readthedocs.io/en/latest/03_reference/coverage_plan.html>coverage plan</a>, which is achieved with a combination of randomized and directed tests.</p><p>Directed tests are carefully crafted to target specific scenarios that might be challenging to achieve through randomized programs alone. By designing directed tests, developers can explore corner cases and edge conditions that could be missed by random stimuli, ensuring comprehensive testing coverage.</p><h2 id=what-is-the-role-of-regression-testing:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474>What is the role of regression testing?</h2><p>Regression testing plays a crucial role in ensuring the consistency and correctness of the Ibex design. As part of lowRISC&rsquo;s working practices, these tests are run regularly to monitor the project&rsquo;s status.</p><p>The results of these regressions are carefully monitored and triaged. Any failures or issues that arise during the regression tests are investigated and addressed by the project team. This proactive approach ensures that issues and bugs are identified and resolved in a timely manner, preventing potential problems from accumulating and affecting the overall project health.</p><p>To provide transparency and accessibility to the regression test results, lowRISC maintains a public website where the <a href=https://ibex.reports.lowrisc.org/opentitan/latest/report.html>latest reports</a> can be accessed. This report provides comprehensive information about the regression test results, allowing stakeholders and developers to review the project&rsquo;s status, track improvements, and monitor any ongoing issues.</p><h2 id=why-work-with-ibex:293adb7e1dba3daaee55694d13ae1474>Why work with Ibex?</h2><p>Ibex began as a high quality academic core, zero-riscy, which lowRISC adopted from our OpenTitan partners ETH Zürich, because of its strong alignment with the project’s principles of transparency, high-quality and flexibility. By adding DV and regression testing to Ibex, we have taken an already high-quality design to the next level.</p><p>The open source nature of Ibex provides developers with the freedom to configure the core as they see fit. Like all collaboratively developed IP supported by the OpenTitan project, Ibex is permissively licensed and provides a strong foundation for others to build both non-profit and commercial designs upon.</p><p>Open source projects rely on contributing partners to thrive: support and contributions from the community are essential for success and sustainability. By engaging with contributing partners, Ibex can continue to evolve and improve, benefiting from the collective effort of those who are actively involved.</p><p>If you are already using Ibex or are interested in supporting its development, there are opportunities to get involved and make a difference. By reaching out to us at lowRISC via email at <a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org>info@lowrisc.org</a>, you can express your interest in supporting our work or contributing to the ongoing development of Ibex. Your involvement can help shape the future of Ibex and contribute to the advancement of open source hardware!</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>September 12, 2023</time></address><p>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) recently <a href=https://iuk.ktn-uk.org/news/digital-security-by-design-driving-investment-in-the-automotive-sector-and-embedded-systems/>announced</a> that its CHERI-based Digital Security by Design Programme (DSbD) technologies have already demonstrated significant value in sectors where high integrity, resilient, and safety-focused applications are paramount, including avionics, automotive and embedded systems.</p><p>DSbD aims to provide foundational support to developers centred around a technology enhancement in the central processor (CPU): Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions, or (CHERI). CHERI has the potential to prevent around 2/3rds of current exploits, whilst simultaneously providing new software methods to help maintain the operational resilience and integrity of applications.</p><p>As part of a drive to ensure these advances are usable in the challenging operational technology (OT) domain as well as the more fully-featured platforms to which they were originally targeted, we are delighted to report that this announcement also included significant funding for a new project with lowRISC CIC</p><h1 id=lowrisc-s-involvement:b1bfe5663941a85fa82631ab0afe4c15>lowRISC’s Involvement</h1><p>Operational technology (OT) systems are computing nodes used to monitor or control physical devices, processes, and events. They are particularly challenging targets, since their critical security requirements must typically be achieved within very tight power, area and financial budgets.</p><p>To support uptake in this space, DSbD is now funding a project with lowRISC to enable the CHERI technologies to be delivered within a RISC-V based embedded platform.</p><p>Specifically, lowRISC will leverage Microsoft’s recently open-sourced <a href=https://github.com/microsoft/cheriot-ibex>CHERIoT</a> work, which extended our popular, open-source RISC-V <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/ibex>Ibex</a> CPU core with CHERI support, and deliver both a low-cost evaluation board for this baseline version, and also a top-level design that unifies the mature OpenTitan silicon root of trust with CHERIoT in a single system, suitable for use as the basis for either a standalone, low-power OT secure microcontroller, or for integration into other OT system-on-chip (SoC) designs as a subcomponent.</p><p>lowRISC is uniquely positioned to be able to deliver this,being the maintainers of the RISC-V based Ibex processor, and steward of the collaboration developing the open-source <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan</a> silicon Root-of-Trust (RoT).</p><p>OpenTitan has <a href=https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>recently declared</a> a significant milestone, taping out its Engineering Sample (ES). This marks a hugely significant quality and verification step towards commercial production silicon. Furthermore, its wholly owned subsidiary <a href=https://www.newae.com/>NewAE Technology Inc</a>, will develop and deliver the evaluation boards, seeding interest and take up of CHERI technology.</p><h1 id=project-deliverables-in-detail:b1bfe5663941a85fa82631ab0afe4c15>Project Deliverables in Detail</h1><p>As noted, lowRISC will deliver two prototype platforms: one centred around the existing CHERIoT core as a demonstrator (the Base-Version, BV) and another where the CHERIoT core is paired with OpenTitan (the Extended Evaluation Version, EEV). The EEV enables the full power of CHERIoT to be evaluated and utilised in an OT context. The lowRISC team will work closely with UKRI to bring these versions to their intended audiences and accelerate the adoption of CHERI in the market.</p><p>We are seeking input from interested parties on the requirements for the BV. In particular we are interested to hear about peripherals and interfaces that would be useful to those seeking to evaluate CHERIoT for use with their applications. See <a href=http://tinyurl.com/cheriot-fpga-board>tinyurl.com/cheriot-fpga-board</a> for more details. Please send your feedback to <a href=mailto:cheriot-bv-reqs@lowrisc.org>cheriot-bv-reqs@lowrisc.org</a></p><p>All board designs, RTL, and firmware will be provided as permissively licensed open source to maximise their impact and reach, and the project will be completed by the end of 2024. The deliverables and outputs from this project will help fulfil the objectives of DSbD to “transform digital technology and create a more resilient, and secure foundation for a safer future.” Through lowRISC’s deliverables, the next generation of secure-by-design electronic devices — in the challenging domain of OT — can be further researched, developed and commercialised, and better yet, because of the project’s open-source nature, this can be done without the material barriers to entry that are normally associated with disruptive hardware technologies.</p><p>The diagram below illustrates the intended design of the EEV.
+Note this is an early diagram and the CHERIoT Ibex side may look different in the finished version (in particular the set of peripherals provided).
+The OpenTitan Earl Grey side will remain fixed as we are leveraging the existing high-quality verified design.</p><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_2198x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_1099x0_resize_box_2.png alt="Diagram of the EEV" title="Diagram of the EEV" class="mx-auto d-block rounded img-fluid"></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 20, 2023</time></address><p><em>New Boards Allow Leading Developers and Organizations Globally to Contribute to the Project</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom – October 20, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org/>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open source system on chip (SoC) organization, today announced the commercial availability of two pieces of hardware crucial for research and development with OpenTitan, a project creating the world’s first open source silicon root of trust (RoT) designs.
+The NAE-CW310-K410T (Bergen Board) and the new, larger NAE-CW340-OTKIT (Luna Board) are now available for purchase exclusively from trusted global distributor Mouser, and addresses the overwhelming demand from OpenTitan partners, organizations and academic institutions wanting to run the full OpenTitan design — or subcomponents of that design — in a flexible FPGA-based emulation platform.
+&ldquo;With even more users unlocking the ability to contribute to ongoing OpenTitan testing and research, this is the next phase in building a trusted computing future from the OpenTitan silicon ecosystem,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC.
+&ldquo;These boards allow adopters to proactively research, audit and improve the security of the OpenTitan design as they integrate it with data centers, storage devices and hardware.&rdquo;</p><p>The Bergen Board was developed by NewAE Technology Inc. (a wholly owned lowRISC subsidiary) specifically to support the needs of partners and contributors to the OpenTitan project.
+The hardware was first released in limited supply in 2021, but demand quickly skyrocketed at a time of supply chain insecurity.
+With the improving supply chain, this announcement marks the beginning of setup for worldwide distribution of these boards.
+The new board, Luna, features an even larger Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) than the CW310.
+The Luna Board combines two parts (the CW340 baseboard &amp; CW341 Kintex UltraScale FPGA card) which can later be individually changed or upgraded, allowing for simple changes in FPGA size or connectivity.
+Other notable features of the new board enabling hardware security evaluation include:</p><ul><li><strong>Built-in interfaces</strong> including Joint Test Action Group (JTAG), serial, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and FPGA configuration for a <strong>single-board solution</strong> when developing for OpenTitan</li><li>Designed to enable <strong>electromagnetic side-channel analysis</strong> (EM-SCA) and <strong>fault injection</strong> testing of typical cryptographic hardware and embedded software implementations</li><li><strong>Low-noise</strong> and <strong>adjustable power supply</strong> for the FPGA core voltage, <strong>hardware temperature monitoring</strong> and <strong>automatic shut-down</strong>, and a <strong>cross-flow fan</strong> to enable cooling even with the heat spreader removed</li></ul><p>The OpenTitan project has <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/contributing/fpga/get_a_board.html>recently announced official support for the Luna Board</a> as a supported board for building the complete OpenTitan top-level emulation (Bergen is already supported).</p><p>While existing FPGA boards often require patching together various additional tools, the new boards come out-of-the-box with everything a developer needs for working with OpenTitan.
+As OpenTitan partners and RISC-V members continue their development work, having a turn-key development board will accelerate their research and integration of OpenTitan.
+Implementing both the Bergen and Luna Boards allows customers to:</p><ul><li>Achieve a <strong>fully integrated development environment</strong> with no additional tooling required, and reliable and repeatable setups</li><li>Enable <strong>hardware security analysis</strong> and <strong>evaluate designs</strong> for those meeting certifications such as EAL or FIPS-140-3</li><li>Unlock a <strong>future-proof architecture</strong> (Luna board) with a modular design that splits the baseboard and FPGA card into <strong>two physical boards</strong>, enabling use of custom FPGA cards or evaluation of other targets using the same interface</li><li>Enable <strong>side-channel analysis</strong> more effectively than any other commercially available FPGA boards, greatly <strong>simplifying analysis</strong> using electromagnetic side channel evaluation</li></ul><h3 id=pricing-and-availability:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5>Pricing and availability</h3><p>The <a href="https://www.mouser.co.uk/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW310-K410T-NORM?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4Xi1bN4MBUi5mlPV%2Flgk3YA%3D%3D">Bergen Board</a> ($5,000 USD) and <a href="https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/NewAE/NAE-CW340-OTKIT?qs=sGAEpiMZZMuqBwn8WqcFUipNgoezRlc4IlozQ82AqJ2dWzBTkNMJAg%3D%3D">Luna Board</a> ($10,000 USD) are now available for pre-order from Mouser with free international shipping outside of the U.S. For more information on support for the Bergen or Luna Board, visit <a href=https://rtfm.newae.com>https://rtfm.newae.com</a>.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p><h3 id=media-contact:1ca97658e7350fb6947f5fb9e8edcca5>Media Contact:</h3><p>lowRISC@w2comm.com</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>October 30, 2023</time></address><p><em>The OpenTitan coalition continues to expand as the technology approaches commercial availability</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, England – October 30, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open-source silicon ecosystem organization, today announced <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>zeroRISC</a> has joined the <a href=https://opentitan.org/>OpenTitan project</a>.
+zeroRISC is a startup focused on providing a cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices.
+The company played a key role in accomplishing the first OpenTitan tapeout and is driving efforts to validate the first discrete chip and bring the device to commercial production.</p><p>Founded in April 2023, zeroRISC was established by top contributors and original project founders from Google and recently <a href=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231027911768/en/zeroRISC-Launches-with-5-Million-in-Seed-Funding-to-Deliver-First-Commercial-OpenTitan%C2%AE-based-Cloud-Security-Service-for-Silicon>announced $5 million in seed funding</a> led by Cambridge Angels, a leading network of U.K. angel investors.
+The funding will be used to deliver the first commercial all-in-one drop-in silicon, software and services solution built on the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust (RoT) project.</p><p>&ldquo;Our formal membership in the OpenTitan project marks a significant stride towards making open secure silicon a reality,&rdquo; said Dominic Rizzo, founder and CEO of zeroRISC.
+&ldquo;At zeroRISC, we firmly believe that the safest and most secure systems will come to rely on open secure silicon, with trust and assurance built upon OpenTitan&rsquo;s transparent foundations.
+We look forward to continuing to work together with all project partners to commercialize the first truly open-source RoT chips, a remarkable achievement for zeroRISC and a powerful testament to the success of the OpenTitan project.&rdquo;</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s objective is a fundamental change in expectations of transparency for the silicon RoT design: in the same way a silicon RoT is foundational to building secure systems, transparency is foundational to the trustworthiness of that RoT.
+As the first open-source RoT, OpenTitan has democratized access to a critical component of silicon security aligned with Secure by Design and Secure by Default principles.</p><p>As OpenTitan’s non-profit host, lowRISC provides essential open-source governance, technical contributions, and structural support services for all partners.
+The innovative, open and collaborative methodology developed for the project – the Silicon Commons – has enabled OpenTitan to concretely demonstrate the viability of open-source chip design on par with open-source software.
+It has empowered diverse partners, including Winbond, Nuvoton, Seagate, Western Digital, Google, and Rivos — and now zeroRISC — to effectively collaborate and bring a critical security technology to the cusp of commercial availability.</p><p>&ldquo;As OpenTitan matures and continues to hit its major implementation milestones, we are excited to welcome partners like zeroRISC, with their wealth of open-source silicon experience, skills and vision to the project,&rdquo; said Ilia Stolov, General Manager of Winbond Israel.
+&ldquo;A truly trustworthy RoT is a critical technology, especially as the regulatory environment continues to shift in favor of certifiably secure solutions for the entire silicon supply chain.&rdquo;</p><p>OpenTitan&rsquo;s consistent emphasis on high quality <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_earlgrey/doc/specification.html>design</a>, <a href=https://opentitan.org/dashboard/index.html>verification</a> and <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/doc/introduction.html>documentation</a> collateral puts it at the vanguard of commercially relevant open-source silicon.
+Its adherence to Kerckhoff&rsquo;s principle stands in sharp contrast to closed RoT implementations, and represents a necessary reset of expectations of transparency in trustworthy, secure silicon.</p><p>To learn more about zeroRISC and its involvement in the OpenTitan project, visit: <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools for the long term.
+The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full stack engineering capabilities in-house enables lowRISC to manage high quality projects like OpenTitan.</p><h3 id=about-zerorisc:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911>About zeroRISC</h3><p>Built on the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust project, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices.
+The zeroRISC platform is the only all-in-one drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system, while making secure ownership transfer straightforward.
+Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=about-opentitan:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911>About OpenTitan</h3><p><a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> is the industry&rsquo;s first open source silicon Root of Trust (RoT) project.
+Its objective is to make silicon RoT design and implementation more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for enterprises, platform providers, and chip makers.
+Developed from the start following the principles of high quality, transparency and flexibility, its components form the basis of an open silicon ecosystem and may be flexibly reused and reconfigured under the permissive Apache 2.0 license.
+OpenTitan top-level designs and components have extensive design verification and documentation, and are available for use in commercial systems today.</p><h3 id=media-contact:cfee0144f493d0a1f6ba8e7e916bd911>Media Contact:</h3><p>lowrisc@w2comm.com</p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog"><article><h1>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</h1><address class=lr-blog-author><time>November 13, 2023</time></address><p><em>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem</em></p><p><strong>CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023</strong> – <a href=https://lowrisc.org/>lowRISC C.I.C.</a>, the open silicon ecosystem organization, and <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>zeroRISC</a>, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project.
+This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.
+The design was developed with contributions from partners including Google, Winbond, Rivos, Giesecke+Devrient and zeroRISC and is now available under the permissive Apache 2 license for further innovation and exploitation, lowering the cost of core silicon security technology.</p><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/top_darjeeling_block_diagram.svg alt="OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram" title="OpenTitan Darjeeling Block Diagram" width=700 class="d-block align-middle img-fluid mx-auto"><p><em><p style=text-align:center>OpenTitan <a href=https://opentitan.org/book/hw/top_darjeeling/doc/datasheet.html>Darjeeling</a> Block Diagram</p></em></p><p>Since 2018, the OpenTitan coalition has been focused on creating an open silicon ecosystem by consistently following a well-defined roadmap from discrete to integrated secure silicon designs.
+The project partners are deeply engaged in this process, ensuring that the final designs are adaptable to many applications.
+OpenTitan also has a large and growing community of contributors beyond its formal partners.
+Together, these community participants open and resolve hundreds of pull requests and issues monthly, making OpenTitan the industry&rsquo;s most active open-source silicon project.</p><p>&ldquo;We need an integrated RoT for our SoCs,&rdquo; said Mark Hayter, Founder and Chief Strategy Officer of Rivos Inc.
+&ldquo;The collaborative relationships within the OpenTitan partnership enabled us to share our SoC and security experience.
+The result is a robust architecture and codebase for integrating OpenTitan into chiplets.&rdquo;</p><p>&ldquo;Reaching this landmark milestone is yet another proof point of OpenTitan&rsquo;s significance, not just as an open RoT, but a complete open-source silicon design ecosystem rapidly adaptable to many use cases,&rdquo; said Dominic Rizzo, founder and CEO of zeroRISC and OpenTitan Project Director.
+&ldquo;zeroRISC is proud to be a lead partner investing in this effort&rsquo;s long term success. As we are already helping with commercial integrations, this design further accelerates zeroRISC&rsquo;s mission of delivering a set of secure cloud-based services for device security and management built on a trustworthy, transparent, secure silicon platform.&rdquo;</p><p>This announcement comes on the heels of a series of significant milestones for the OpenTitan project this year.
+While developing the architecture and specifications for the integrated secure execution environment, the project also accomplished the <a href=https://lowrisc.org/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>first discrete silicon tapeout</a> in June 2023, a critical precursor to commercial silicon availability in 2024.
+The implementation of the integrated design being made <a href=https://github.com/lowRISC/opentitan/tree/integrated_dev>available</a> today enables OpenTitan partners to move towards embedding OpenTitan® in their SoC and chiplet designs.
+This ability to execute on multiple threads simultaneously is a concrete demonstration of the value of the Silicon Commons™ approach, which requires thorough design verification collateral, documentation and continuous testing.
+Originally built by OpenTitan contributors to support distributed open silicon collaboration, the Silicon Commons has evolved into a comprehensive open-source silicon development methodology to enable many disparate organizations to concurrently work together on shared goals.</p><p>&ldquo;OpenTitan stands tall as the pioneer and leader in open-source silicon.
+Its remarkable maturity in design, verification and documentation, accumulated over years of dedicated effort, sets it apart from emerging projects,&rdquo; said Gavin Ferris, CEO of lowRISC.
+&ldquo;OpenTitan has continuously evolved, guided by a well-developed roadmap and fueled by a vibrant and engaged community of contributors.&rdquo;</p><p>The integrated design is just one of the latest milestones for OpenTitan, and its journey from inception to its current state of growth and security proves its exceptional capabilities and potential to shape the future of secure silicon.
+As more businesses embrace the project, the open and collaborative spirit of OpenTitan will continue to foster innovation and drive advancements in secure hardware design.
+The success of OpenTitan serves as an inspiration to the tech community, demonstrating the power of open source to fuel rapid innovation, particularly in traditionally slow-moving domains like silicon.</p><h3 id=about-lowrisc:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8>About lowRISC</h3><p>Founded in 2014 at the University of Cambridge Computer Lab, lowRISC is a not-for-profit company/CIC that provides a neutral home for collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open-source silicon designs and tools for the long term. The lowRISC not-for-profit structure combined with full-stack engineering capabilities in-house enables the hosting and management of high-quality projects like OpenTitan via the Silicon Commons approach.</p><h3 id=about-zerorisc:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8>About zeroRISC</h3><p>Leveraging the OpenTitan open-source silicon root of trust, zeroRISC is the first commercial cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and reliability for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices. The zeroRISC platform is an all-in-one, drop-in silicon, software and services solution that delivers trustworthy, cloud-based secure device management below the operating system. Headquartered in Boston, MA, zeroRISC is backed by Cambridge Angels and is a member of the OpenTitan project. For more information, visit <a href=https://zerorisc.com/>https://zerorisc.com/</a>.</p><h3 id=media-contact:bab3a13ffbff52e1670d17196b21d5a8>Media Contact</h3><p><a href=mailto:lowRISC@w2comm.com>lowRISC@w2comm.com</a></p></article></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+&middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</a></h2><h5><time>November 13, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem
-CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open silicon ecosystem organization, and zeroRISC, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project. This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</a></h2><h5><time>October 30, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The OpenTitan coalition continues to expand as the technology approaches commercial availability
-CAMBRIDGE, England – October 30, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open-source silicon ecosystem organization, today announced zeroRISC has joined the OpenTitan project. zeroRISC is a startup focused on providing a cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices. The company played a key role in accomplishing the first OpenTitan tapeout and is driving efforts to validate the first discrete chip and bring the device to commercial production.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/10/cw340-announcement/>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</a></h2><h5><time>October 20, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>New Boards Allow Leading Developers and Organizations Globally to Contribute to the Project
-CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom – October 20, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on chip (SoC) organization, today announced the commercial availability of two pieces of hardware crucial for research and development with OpenTitan, a project creating the world’s first open source silicon root of trust (RoT) designs. The NAE-CW310-K410T (Bergen Board) and the new, larger NAE-CW340-OTKIT (Luna Board) are now available for purchase exclusively from trusted global distributor Mouser, and addresses the overwhelming demand from OpenTitan partners, organizations and academic institutions wanting to run the full OpenTitan design — or subcomponents of that design — in a flexible FPGA-based emulation platform.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/10/cw340-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</a></h2><h5><time>September 12, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) recently announced that its CHERI-based Digital Security by Design Programme (DSbD) technologies have already demonstrated significant value in sectors where high integrity, resilient, and safety-focused applications are paramount, including avionics, automotive and embedded systems.
-DSbD aims to provide foundational support to developers centred around a technology enhancement in the central processor (CPU): Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions, or (CHERI). CHERI has the potential to prevent around 2/3rds of current exploits, whilst simultaneously providing new software methods to help maintain the operational resilience and integrity of applications.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan srcset="/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/blog/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</a></h2><h5><time>July 17, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze of Earl Grey, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.
-OpenTitan&rsquo;s mission is to provide a secure root of trust, which is complemented by a secure processor core. To address this need, we elevated one of the most widely deployed, highest quality RISC-V cores in academia to the industrial-level of quality characteristic of this project.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</a></h2><h5><time>June 16, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are delighted to announce an important development for OpenTitan®: RTL Freeze for the Earl Grey discrete, the first OpenTitan chip tapeout. This milestone is a source of immense pride for lowRISC and our OpenTitan partners, because it’s a concrete demonstration of the success of the Silicon Commons™ approach to making silicon radically more transparent and trustworthy.
-In partnership with Nuvoton, a major TPM vendor, this RTL freeze means that the OpenTitan coalition will have engineering samples of the discrete silicon root of trust (RoT) this calendar year.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>April 20, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are excited to announce today that the OpenTitan project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>OpenTitan® Partnership Announces First Public Secure Execution Environment for Integrated</a></h2><h5><time>November 13, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Open Silicon Coalition Rapidly Develops Integrated Secure Execution Environment with the Silicon Commons Ecosystem
+CAMBRIDGE, England and BOSTON – November 13, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open silicon ecosystem organization, and zeroRISC, the first provider of commercial cloud security services for open silicon, today announced the early release of the first SoC secure execution environment, including root of trust (RoT) functionality, as part of the OpenTitan project. This major milestone comes only six months after the tapeout of OpenTitan&rsquo;s first discrete design, demonstrating significant momentum for all participating partners.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/11/first-opentitan-integrated-design/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/>lowRISC Announces New OpenTitan Project Partner, zeroRISC</a></h2><h5><time>October 30, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The OpenTitan coalition continues to expand as the technology approaches commercial availability
+CAMBRIDGE, England – October 30, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open-source silicon ecosystem organization, today announced zeroRISC has joined the OpenTitan project. zeroRISC is a startup focused on providing a cloud security service for silicon that delivers transparency and trustworthiness for data centers and ICS/OT, IoT and edge devices. The company played a key role in accomplishing the first OpenTitan tapeout and is driving efforts to validate the first discrete chip and bring the device to commercial production.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/10/zerorisc-joins-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/10/cw340-announcement/>lowRISC Announces Expansion of OpenTitan Project with New Hardware</a></h2><h5><time>October 20, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>New Boards Allow Leading Developers and Organizations Globally to Contribute to the Project
+CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom – October 20, 2023 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on chip (SoC) organization, today announced the commercial availability of two pieces of hardware crucial for research and development with OpenTitan, a project creating the world’s first open source silicon root of trust (RoT) designs. The NAE-CW310-K410T (Bergen Board) and the new, larger NAE-CW340-OTKIT (Luna Board) are now available for purchase exclusively from trusted global distributor Mouser, and addresses the overwhelming demand from OpenTitan partners, organizations and academic institutions wanting to run the full OpenTitan design — or subcomponents of that design — in a flexible FPGA-based emulation platform.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/10/cw340-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/>lowRISC Extends UKRI’s Digital Security by Design Programme Support Into Operational Technology</a></h2><h5><time>September 12, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) recently announced that its CHERI-based Digital Security by Design Programme (DSbD) technologies have already demonstrated significant value in sectors where high integrity, resilient, and safety-focused applications are paramount, including avionics, automotive and embedded systems.
+DSbD aims to provide foundational support to developers centred around a technology enhancement in the central processor (CPU): Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions, or (CHERI). CHERI has the potential to prevent around 2/3rds of current exploits, whilst simultaneously providing new software methods to help maintain the operational resilience and integrity of applications.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan srcset="/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/news/2023/09/dsbd-cheriot-announcement/eev-diagram_hu6537a0223bf0667bfd0fa04f80fa1c8a_143870_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/>Ibex Inside: How and Why We Built OpenTitan’s RISC-V Core</a></h2><h5><time>July 17, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan® recently announced the RTL freeze of Earl Grey, the first chip tapeout of its open source silicon root of trust (RoT). The first engineering samples should be in our hands before the end of the year.
+OpenTitan&rsquo;s mission is to provide a secure root of trust, which is complemented by a secure processor core. To address this need, we elevated one of the most widely deployed, highest quality RISC-V cores in academia to the industrial-level of quality characteristic of this project.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/07/ibex-inside-how-and-why-we-built-opentitans-risc-v-core/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>OpenTitan’s RTL Freeze - Leveraging Transparency to Create Trustworthy Computing</a></h2><h5><time>June 16, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are delighted to announce an important development for OpenTitan®: RTL Freeze for the Earl Grey discrete, the first OpenTitan chip tapeout. This milestone is a source of immense pride for lowRISC and our OpenTitan partners, because it’s a concrete demonstration of the success of the Silicon Commons™ approach to making silicon radically more transparent and trustworthy.
+In partnership with Nuvoton, a major TPM vendor, this RTL freeze means that the OpenTitan coalition will have engineering samples of the discrete silicon root of trust (RoT) this calendar year.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/06/opentitans-rtl-freeze-leveraging-transparency-to-create-trustworthy-computing/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/>A Major Milestone for OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>April 20, 2023</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are excited to announce today that the OpenTitan project has hit a major tapeout milestone: a feature freeze of its open-source RTL.
 Together with our partners, we began the OpenTitan project in 2019 with the goal of producing the world’s first open-source silicon Root of Trust (RoT). With this new achievement we are a step closer to realising that goal.
-Getting to this point has taken a lot of coordinated work, as we&rsquo;ve had to navigate the many stumbling blocks that have traditionally made open-source silicon development a challenge.</p><p><a href=/blog/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</a></h2><h5><time>December 2, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>October 31, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins their effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).
-And yet, despite the vital role these RoTs play, few people, including even security professionals, are familiar with what a Root of Trust is — or in fact that it even exists.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</a></h2><h5><time>October 5, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.
-Eckert holds the chair for IT Security in the Department of Computer Science at Technical University of Munich (TUM) and is director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC) in Munich, overseeing more than 220 researchers.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><a class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/2/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+Getting to this point has taken a lot of coordinated work, as we&rsquo;ve had to navigate the many stumbling blocks that have traditionally made open-source silicon development a challenge.</p><p><a href=/news/2023/04/a-major-milestone-for-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/>lowRISC wins OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category</a></h2><h5><time>December 2, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are thrilled to have been selected as the winner of the OpenUK 2022 Awards Hardware Category and would like to thank OpenUK, the award sponsors StackPublishing, the judges and all our hard working staff at lowRISC without whom this would not be possible.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/12/lowrisc-wins-openuk-2022-awards-hardware-category/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/>Introducing the Foundation of True Security - the Silicon Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>October 31, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Recent headlines about ransomware attacks, account phishing, and identity theft continue to underscore the critical importance of cybersecurity in our everyday lives. This has led to a growing awareness among most businesses and households of important mitigations like encryption, 2-factor authentication and verified software updates. But guess what? There&rsquo;s an unsung hero behind all these safeguards that underpins their effectiveness: the silicon Root of Trust (RoT).
+And yet, despite the vital role these RoTs play, few people, including even security professionals, are familiar with what a Root of Trust is — or in fact that it even exists.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/10/introducing-the-foundation-of-true-security/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/>lowRISC Appoints Cybersecurity Expert Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to Board of Directors</a></h2><h5><time>October 5, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>CAMBRIDGE, United Kingdom, Oct. 5th, 2022 – lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organization, today announced the appointment of Prof. Dr. Claudia Eckert to its board of directors.
+Eckert holds the chair for IT Security in the Department of Computer Science at Technical University of Munich (TUM) and is director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC) in Munich, overseeing more than 220 researchers.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/10/claudia-eckert-joins-board/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><a class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/2/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>August 3, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</a></h2><h5><time>June 2, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.
-The acquisition brings added momentum to lowRISC, whose OpenTitan project – a collaboration between lowRISC, Google, Western Digital, Seagate and other commercial and academic partners – has created the first transparent, high-quality reference design and integration guidelines for silicon root of trust (RoT) chips.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</a></h2><h5><time>June 15, 2021</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC is delighted that Andy Hopper, lowRISC&rsquo;s independent chair, has been knighted for services to Computer Technology.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>August 3, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/>lowRISC Acquires NewAE Technology, Adding Advanced Security Analysis Tools to the OpenTitan Platform</a></h2><h5><time>June 2, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC C.I.C., the open source organization dedicated to bringing secure collaborative innovation to silicon development, today announced the acquisition of NewAE Technology, Inc., a privately-held designer and manufacturer of broadly accessible silicon security analysis tools.
+The acquisition brings added momentum to lowRISC, whose OpenTitan project – a collaboration between lowRISC, Google, Western Digital, Seagate and other commercial and academic partners – has created the first transparent, high-quality reference design and integration guidelines for silicon root of trust (RoT) chips.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/06/lowrisc-acquires-newae/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/>Andy Hopper knighted for services to Computer Technology</a></h2><h5><time>June 15, 2021</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC is delighted that Andy Hopper, lowRISC&rsquo;s independent chair, has been knighted for services to Computer Technology.
 Andy said &ldquo;As you might imagine I am delighted. What I have achieved is all a result of teamwork. The University of Cambridge and the Cambridge Cluster have provided a wonderfully collaborative and flexible environment within which I have had the good fortune to work for over 40 years.&rdquo;
-The culture he created, and his interest in and support for doing things in non-standard ways, has helped to establish over 200 start-ups, including lowRISC CIC.</p><p><a href=/blog/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/>OpenTitan at One Year</a></h2><h5><time>December 22, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Last year, along with our partners, lowRISC announced OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent Google Security Blog post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.
-OpenTitan’s success demonstrates the value of the lowRISC collaborative engineering model, wherein our full-stack engineering team allows us to serve as an essential development hub.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</a></h2><h5><time>October 22, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On October 20th, lowRISC CIC won in the Open Hardware category at the 2020 OpenUK Awards, describing lowRISC as &ldquo;the jewel in the crown of the UK’s open silicon companies&rdquo;. The OpenUK awards promote &ldquo;UK Leadership in Open Technology&rdquo;, and are given out by OpenUK, a UK-based not-for-profit company which supports open source collaboration and open technologies within the United Kingdom.
-On receiving the award, lowRISC CTO, Alex Bradbury, said &ldquo;We&rsquo;re incredibly grateful to have been recognised for our achievements and contributions to date.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" title="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" srcset="/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</a></h2><h5><time>October 8, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>At this October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting I presented a poster about how, with a surprisingly simple tool, we were able to rapidly identify, isolate, and fix a range of missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&rsquo;s RISC-V backend.
-The tool works by generating random C programs, compiling each program with both Clang and GCC (targeting RISC-V) and comparing the assembly generated by both compilers. If it estimates that Clang/LLVM generated worse code than GCC then it saves that case for further analysis.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</a></h2><h5><time>September 14, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Time is ticking and summer is almost over already. With that, also our this years’ Google Summer of Code (GSoC) projects are coming to an end. A lot of open-source coding has been done, pull requests have been made, reviewed and merged. Experiments have been conducted, results were gathered, interpreted and presented. Bugs were found and fixed, and the resulting designs further improved. Both our students and mentors have been working hard and we are pleased to announce that both our two projects described below have been completed successfully.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</a></h2><h5><time>May 4, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are pleased to announce that we will be mentoring two students as part of Google Summer of Code (GSoC).
+The culture he created, and his interest in and support for doing things in non-standard ways, has helped to establish over 200 start-ups, including lowRISC CIC.</p><p><a href=/news/2021/06/andy-hopper-knighted-for-services-to-computer-technology/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/>OpenTitan at One Year</a></h2><h5><time>December 22, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Last year, along with our partners, lowRISC announced OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust. The project has progressed rapidly since then. A recent Google Security Blog post detailed key milestones met, our growth in contributors, and revealed news of the first commercial OpenTitan tapeout.
+OpenTitan’s success demonstrates the value of the lowRISC collaborative engineering model, wherein our full-stack engineering team allows us to serve as an essential development hub.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/12/opentitan-at-one-year/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/>A birthday present for lowRISC: We won an OpenUK Award!</a></h2><h5><time>October 22, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On October 20th, lowRISC CIC won in the Open Hardware category at the 2020 OpenUK Awards, describing lowRISC as &ldquo;the jewel in the crown of the UK’s open silicon companies&rdquo;. The OpenUK awards promote &ldquo;UK Leadership in Open Technology&rdquo;, and are given out by OpenUK, a UK-based not-for-profit company which supports open source collaboration and open technologies within the United Kingdom.
+On receiving the award, lowRISC CTO, Alex Bradbury, said &ldquo;We&rsquo;re incredibly grateful to have been recognised for our achievements and contributions to date.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" title="lowRISC's 2020 OpenUK Award" srcset="/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2020/10/a-birthday-present-for-lowrisc-we-won-an-openuk-award/lowrisc-openuk-award_hu102d7995d2b963f22702224878f2b063_388619_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/>How we used differential testing to rapidly find and fix missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&#39;s RISC-V backend</a></h2><h5><time>October 8, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>At this October 2020 LLVM Developers&rsquo; Meeting I presented a poster about how, with a surprisingly simple tool, we were able to rapidly identify, isolate, and fix a range of missed optimisation opportunities in LLVM&rsquo;s RISC-V backend.
+The tool works by generating random C programs, compiling each program with both Clang and GCC (targeting RISC-V) and comparing the assembly generated by both compilers. If it estimates that Clang/LLVM generated worse code than GCC then it saves that case for further analysis.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/10/how-we-used-differential-testing-to-rapidly-find-and-fix-missed-optimisation-opportunities-in-llvms-risc-v-backend/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/>GSoC Projects Successfully Completed</a></h2><h5><time>September 14, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Time is ticking and summer is almost over already. With that, also our this years’ Google Summer of Code (GSoC) projects are coming to an end. A lot of open-source coding has been done, pull requests have been made, reviewed and merged. Experiments have been conducted, results were gathered, interpreted and presented. Bugs were found and fixed, and the resulting designs further improved. Both our students and mentors have been working hard and we are pleased to announce that both our two projects described below have been completed successfully.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/09/gsoc-projects-successfully-completed/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/>GSoC Accepted Projects Announcement</a></h2><h5><time>May 4, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are pleased to announce that we will be mentoring two students as part of Google Summer of Code (GSoC).
 We are looking forward to working with Flavien and Yuichi on features and tools to improve IP such as Ibex, our open-source RISC-V core.
-Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/>Students for GSoC projects wanted</a></h2><h5><time>March 23, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for Google Summer of Code (GSoC) and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us. The GSoC initiative gives students the opportunity to spend the summer break gaining real-world hardware and software development experience while earning a stipend from Google. If you&rsquo;re a student interested in applying, we strongly recommend you read up on how GSoC works and study the Google Summer of Code Student Guide, which contains excellent advice on preparing a high quality proposal.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</a></h2><h5><time>January 29, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>I’ll be giving a talk in the RISC-V devroom at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the Ibex RISC-V CPU core. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=FOSDEM title=FOSDEM srcset="/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/3/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+Flavien Solt: Simulated Memory Controller It is a common pitfall to misinterpret or incorrectly scale performance numbers derived from benchmarks run on an FPGA-based SoC design.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/05/gsoc-accepted-projects-announcement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/>Students for GSoC projects wanted</a></h2><h5><time>March 23, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are excited to be back as a mentoring organisation for Google Summer of Code (GSoC) and are currently looking for enthusiastic students interested in doing a project with us. The GSoC initiative gives students the opportunity to spend the summer break gaining real-world hardware and software development experience while earning a stipend from Google. If you&rsquo;re a student interested in applying, we strongly recommend you read up on how GSoC works and study the Google Summer of Code Student Guide, which contains excellent advice on preparing a high quality proposal.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/03/students-for-gsoc-projects-wanted/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</a></h2><h5><time>January 29, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>I’ll be giving a talk in the RISC-V devroom at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the Ibex RISC-V CPU core. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=FOSDEM title=FOSDEM srcset="/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/3/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</a></h2><h5><time>December 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>With the recent announcement of OpenTitan, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software. A great place to continue these discussions is the RISC-V Summit in San Jose, CA (Dec 10 - 12, 2019). lowRISC will showcase its work in the conference track and in the exhibit hall.
-At booth 101, lowRISC will showcase its recent work and our engineers will be around to answer your questions.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/>Get started with OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>November 26, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a video that goes through an overview of how the OpenTitan prototype system is put together and how to get up and running with our pre-built release (providing simulator binaries and pre-built FPGA images for the Nexys Video Artix-7 board). It follows the steps from the OpenTitan Quickstart Guide.
-You can find out more about OpenTitan from our announcement blog and the OpenTitan website.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today, we are excited to unveil the OpenTitan silicon root of trust (RoT) project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.
-This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon RoT.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan class="align-self-center ml-3 d-none d-md-block" width=150></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.
-CAMBRIDGE, England&ndash;(BUSINESS WIRE)&ndash;lowRISC C.I.C., the open source silicon and tools collaborative engineering company, today announced that it has partnered with ETH Zürich, Google, G+D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology and Western Digital in support of OpenTitan, an open source hardware root of trust (RoT) reference design and integration guidelines that enable chip producers and platform providers to build transparently implemented, high-quality hardware RoT chips tailored for data center servers and other devices.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today, we are delighted to announce that Professor Andy Hopper, CBE FRS FIET FREng, has joined the lowRISC Board of Directors as Independent Chair.
-&ldquo;I&rsquo;m delighted to be joining lowRISC CIC,&rdquo; said Prof. Hopper, speaking today from Cambridge UK, &ldquo;As digital systems pervade every aspect of our lives trust and transparency become crucial. An open source approach allows for public inspection of the principles and implementations being used. I believe the future of digital systems will be underpinned by not for profit organisations that provide design transparency and enable real innovation.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Andy Hopper" title="Andy Hopper" srcset="/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</a></h2><h5><time>October 23, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Greg Chadwick and Tom Roberts recently joined lowRISC’s growing engineering team. They’ve both taken some time to share a little about what they’re doing at lowRISC and what motivated them to join.
-Greg &ldquo;It’s an exciting time to join the lowRISC team! Our Ibex core provides a solid foundation and clearly demonstrates the value of open source silicon, which I’m excited to be working on. My work so far has focused on the performance of Ibex; whilst it’s not intended as a high performance core there are various things we can do to improve it without major impact to area or power.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</a></h2><h5><time>October 8, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Our microcontroller-class RISC-V processor core Ibex for sure is a solid base with which to start your own project. Over the past months, we have invested a lot of effort in making the design more mature. This includes refactoring the RTL to make the design more understandable and programmer friendly, adding UVM-based verification to the source tree, but also integrating support for the RISC-V compliance suite and enabling publicly visible, open-source powered continuous integration (CI) to keep the design stable.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" srcset="/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>Ibex: Code with Confidence</a></h2><h5><time>August 23, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. Roughly 50 percent of the RTL was refactored recently! We added features, tests, and cleaned the code up. We and our collaborators were able to make these changes (mostly) without breaking Ibex because we invested in testing: earlier this year we added UVM-based verification to the tree, and we run these tests after every change. We run static code analysis to catch common programming bugs.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</a></h2><h5><time>July 19, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>In the past months, we have invested considerable effort in improving our RISC-V core Ibex. This 2-stage, in-order, 32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was contributed to us by ETH Zürich in December 2018, with activity really ramping up since May. Having been taped out multiple times (as zero-riscy) in a mix of academic and industry projects, it came to us as a relatively mature code base. Despite this, we have continued to invest in improving its design and maintainability.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex cleaning up" title="Ibex cleaning up" srcset="/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V. Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We recently announced on the llvm-dev mailing list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its current status of experimental to an official target.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/2/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/4/>4</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/4/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/>lowRISC 101: Introduction to lowRISC at the RISC-V Summit</a></h2><h5><time>December 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>With the recent announcement of OpenTitan, we at lowRISC had many great conversations about the work we do to produce high-quality open source hardware and software. A great place to continue these discussions is the RISC-V Summit in San Jose, CA (Dec 10 - 12, 2019). lowRISC will showcase its work in the conference track and in the exhibit hall.
+At booth 101, lowRISC will showcase its recent work and our engineers will be around to answer your questions.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/12/lowrisc-101-introduction-to-lowrisc-at-the-risc-v-summit/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/>Get started with OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>November 26, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Interested in trying out the recently announced OpenTitan? We&rsquo;ve put together a video that goes through an overview of how the OpenTitan prototype system is put together and how to get up and running with our pre-built release (providing simulator binaries and pre-built FPGA images for the Nexys Video Artix-7 board). It follows the steps from the OpenTitan Quickstart Guide.
+You can find out more about OpenTitan from our announcement blog and the OpenTitan website.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/11/get-started-with-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today, we are excited to unveil the OpenTitan silicon root of trust (RoT) project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.
+This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon RoT.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div><img src=https://www.lowrisc.org/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/logo-opentitan.svg alt=OpenTitan title=OpenTitan class="align-self-center ml-3 d-none d-md-block" width=150></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/>lowRISC Collaborates with Industry Leaders to Create OpenTitan</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Organisations aim to make the hardware root more transparent, trustworthy, and secure for everyone.
+CAMBRIDGE, England&ndash;(BUSINESS WIRE)&ndash;lowRISC C.I.C., the open source silicon and tools collaborative engineering company, today announced that it has partnered with ETH Zürich, Google, G+D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology and Western Digital in support of OpenTitan, an open source hardware root of trust (RoT) reference design and integration guidelines that enable chip producers and platform providers to build transparently implemented, high-quality hardware RoT chips tailored for data center servers and other devices.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/11/lowrisc-collaborates-with-industry-leaders-to-create-opentitan/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/>Andy Hopper joins lowRISC CIC Board as Independent Chair</a></h2><h5><time>November 5, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today, we are delighted to announce that Professor Andy Hopper, CBE FRS FIET FREng, has joined the lowRISC Board of Directors as Independent Chair.
+&ldquo;I&rsquo;m delighted to be joining lowRISC CIC,&rdquo; said Prof. Hopper, speaking today from Cambridge UK, &ldquo;As digital systems pervade every aspect of our lives trust and transparency become crucial. An open source approach allows for public inspection of the principles and implementations being used. I believe the future of digital systems will be underpinned by not for profit organisations that provide design transparency and enable real innovation.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Andy Hopper" title="Andy Hopper" srcset="/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2019/11/andy-hopper-joins-lowrisc-cic-board-as-independent-chair/andy-hopper_hu2c6ee2f3eefab707dfe9b96887be9216_36641_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/>Introducing Greg &amp; Tom</a></h2><h5><time>October 23, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Greg Chadwick and Tom Roberts recently joined lowRISC’s growing engineering team. They’ve both taken some time to share a little about what they’re doing at lowRISC and what motivated them to join.
+Greg &ldquo;It’s an exciting time to join the lowRISC team! Our Ibex core provides a solid foundation and clearly demonstrates the value of open source silicon, which I’m excited to be working on. My work so far has focused on the performance of Ibex; whilst it’s not intended as a high performance core there are various things we can do to improve it without major impact to area or power.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/10/introducing-greg-tom/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/>Ibex on FPGA - Get stuff executed</a></h2><h5><time>October 8, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Our microcontroller-class RISC-V processor core Ibex for sure is a solid base with which to start your own project. Over the past months, we have invested a lot of effort in making the design more mature. This includes refactoring the RTL to make the design more understandable and programmer friendly, adding UVM-based verification to the source tree, but also integrating support for the RISC-V compliance suite and enabling publicly visible, open-source powered continuous integration (CI) to keep the design stable.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" title="Ibex on the Nexys Video FPGA board" srcset="/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2019/10/ibex-on-fpga-get-stuff-executed/Ibex_on_Nexys_Video_hu5fbae55c836a968bbd3582778db090ca_97378_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>Ibex: Code with Confidence</a></h2><h5><time>August 23, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Ibex, our small RISC-V core, is constantly changing. Roughly 50 percent of the RTL was refactored recently! We added features, tests, and cleaned the code up. We and our collaborators were able to make these changes (mostly) without breaking Ibex because we invested in testing: earlier this year we added UVM-based verification to the tree, and we run these tests after every change. We run static code analysis to catch common programming bugs.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/08/ibex-code-with-confidence/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Six more weeks of Ibex development - what&#39;s new?</a></h2><h5><time>July 19, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>In the past months, we have invested considerable effort in improving our RISC-V core Ibex. This 2-stage, in-order, 32-bit microcontroller-class CPU core was contributed to us by ETH Zürich in December 2018, with activity really ramping up since May. Having been taped out multiple times (as zero-riscy) in a mix of academic and industry projects, it came to us as a relatively mature code base. Despite this, we have continued to invest in improving its design and maintainability.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex cleaning up" title="Ibex cleaning up" srcset="/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2019/07/six-more-weeks-of-ibex-development-whats-new/ibex-cleaning-up_hu65694cd5eb21359ed9b68530746cc697_213355_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V. Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We recently announced on the llvm-dev mailing list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its current status of experimental to an official target.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/2/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/4/>4</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/4/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On Monday I proposed promoting the upstream RISC-V LLVM backend from &ldquo;experimental&rdquo; to &ldquo;official&rdquo; for the LLVM 9.0 release. Responses so far are extremely positive, and we&rsquo;re working to ensure this is a smooth process. This means that from 9.0, the RISC-V backend will be built by default for LLVM, making it usable out of the box for standard LLVM/Clang builds. As well as being more convenient for end users, this also makes it significantly easier for e.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Introducing Sam</a></h2><h5><time>July 8, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed Laura and Pirmin in becoming lowRISC’s newest employee. A few weeks into his new role, he shares why he joined lowRISC and what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.
-&ldquo;I joined lowRISC CIC as a Compiler Developer, working on the RISC-V LLVM backend, and so far I’m enjoying working on the team! Prior to lowRISC, I worked as a compilers and programming languages researcher at the University of Washington, where I completed my Masters degree.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</a></h2><h5><time>June 11, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Pretty much the whole team is in Zurich this week for the RISC-V Workshop and inaugural Week of Open Source Hardware, with a packed programme that got off to a start today and which runs all the way through to Friday afternoon.
-This morning lowRISC board member, Professor Luca Benini, gave a RISC-V Workshop keynote entitled, Energy efficient computing from Exascale to MicroWatts: The RISC-V playground. Our friends and close collaborators at PULP Platform are giving a number of talks this week and, we’re pleased to say, so are members of the lowRISC team!</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC enamel badge" title="lowRISC enamel badge" srcset="/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</a></h2><h5><time>June 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more future-proof chip by embedding an FPGA fabric into it? Could we measure glucose levels more accurately by integrating a small bio lab onto a chip? Could we more reliably recognize kittens in a set of pictures by implementing neural network inference in hardware?
-In implementation, this dream becomes a piece of hardware, with digital or analog logic, sensors, actuators, and much more.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex block diagram" title="Ibex block diagram" srcset="/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/blog/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</a></h2><h5><time>June 3, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few weeks in to their new roles, they each share thoughts on what attracted them to work at lowRISC.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>The RISC-V LLVM backend in Clang/LLVM 9.0</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On Monday I proposed promoting the upstream RISC-V LLVM backend from &ldquo;experimental&rdquo; to &ldquo;official&rdquo; for the LLVM 9.0 release. Responses so far are extremely positive, and we&rsquo;re working to ensure this is a smooth process. This means that from 9.0, the RISC-V backend will be built by default for LLVM, making it usable out of the box for standard LLVM/Clang builds. As well as being more convenient for end users, this also makes it significantly easier for e.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/07/risc-v-llvm-backend-in-clang-llvm-9.0/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Introducing Sam</a></h2><h5><time>July 8, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>On June 1st, Sam Elliott followed Laura and Pirmin in becoming lowRISC’s newest employee. A few weeks into his new role, he shares why he joined lowRISC and what he&rsquo;s been doing since he started.
+&ldquo;I joined lowRISC CIC as a Compiler Developer, working on the RISC-V LLVM backend, and so far I’m enjoying working on the team! Prior to lowRISC, I worked as a compilers and programming languages researcher at the University of Washington, where I completed my Masters degree.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/07/introducing-sam/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/>lowRISC at Week of Open Source Hardware</a></h2><h5><time>June 11, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Pretty much the whole team is in Zurich this week for the RISC-V Workshop and inaugural Week of Open Source Hardware, with a packed programme that got off to a start today and which runs all the way through to Friday afternoon.
+This morning lowRISC board member, Professor Luca Benini, gave a RISC-V Workshop keynote entitled, Energy efficient computing from Exascale to MicroWatts: The RISC-V playground. Our friends and close collaborators at PULP Platform are giving a number of talks this week and, we’re pleased to say, so are members of the lowRISC team!</p><p><a href=/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC enamel badge" title="lowRISC enamel badge" srcset="/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2019/06/lowrisc-at-week-of-open-source-hardware/lowRISC_enamel_badge_640w_hu45977cb0bfc770fd7ffa0509577547f2_53634_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>An update on Ibex, our microcontroller-class CPU core</a></h2><h5><time>June 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>At the beginning of many chips projects, there’s a dream. Could we create a more future-proof chip by embedding an FPGA fabric into it? Could we measure glucose levels more accurately by integrating a small bio lab onto a chip? Could we more reliably recognize kittens in a set of pictures by implementing neural network inference in hardware?
+In implementation, this dream becomes a piece of hardware, with digital or analog logic, sensors, actuators, and much more.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Ibex block diagram" title="Ibex block diagram" srcset="/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/news/2019/06/an-update-on-ibex-our-microcontroller-class-cpu-core/Ibex_block_diagram-100619_hu64d0b4d86cd0ba0563db9df884419228_38933_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Introducing Pirmin &amp; Laura</a></h2><h5><time>June 3, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Pirmin Vogel and Laura James both joined lowRISC on May 1st this year. A few weeks in to their new roles, they each share thoughts on what attracted them to work at lowRISC.
 Pirmin:
-&ldquo;After having traveled around the world for 6 months, I finally started my new position as hardware/software engineer at lowRISC C.I.C. in Cambridge at the beginning of May. At lowRISC, we are working on open-source hardware/software ecosystems with a fully open-sourced, Linux-capable, RISC-V-based SoC being the ultimate goal.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our press release and the corresponding Google blog post. This industry support and growth of our board is a huge step forwards for lowRISC. As Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google, said:
-"Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>London, England - lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organisation, today announced that Prof. Luca Benini (ETH Zurich), Dominic Rizzo (Google) and Ron Minnich (Google) have joined its board of directors. The announcement coincides with a new phase of hiring by lowRISC with the goal of significantly increasing the size of its Cambridge-based engineering team during 2019.
-lowRISC is a not-for-profit, community-driven organisation working to provide a high quality, security-enabling, open SoC base for derivative designs.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC Board" title="lowRISC Board" srcset="/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</a></h2><h5><time>May 14, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Several lowRISC team members attended the SiFive Symposium in our home town of Cambridge on May 13th 2019, a lovely sunny day.
-Imagination Technologies were co-hosting with SiFive, and we heard from both companies. Krste Asanovic, chairman of the board at the RISC-V Foundation, gave a great introduction to RISC-V and progress so far. Naveed Sherwani, CEO of SiFive, talked us through their silicon design platform and future services. We also heard from SecureRF and IAR Systems.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>November 12, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.6 milestone release is now available. This release includes an updated version of the Rocket RISC-V core, a higher core clock frequency, JTAG debugging support, Ethernet improvements, and more. See the release notes, for full details. We&rsquo;ve also taken the opportunity to re-organise our documentation, adding an easy to follow quick-start guide.
-Our next development focus is to add support for dropping in the Ariane RISC-V design (from ETH Zurich) as an alternative to Rocket.</p><p><a href=/blog/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>May 9, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The eighth RISC-V workshop is continuing today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+&ldquo;After having traveled around the world for 6 months, I finally started my new position as hardware/software engineer at lowRISC C.I.C. in Cambridge at the beginning of May. At lowRISC, we are working on open-source hardware/software ecosystems with a fully open-sourced, Linux-capable, RISC-V-based SoC being the ultimate goal.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/06/introducing-pirmin-laura/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/>Onwards and upwards at lowRISC</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>If you haven&rsquo;t checked it out yet, be sure to take a look at our press release and the corresponding Google blog post. This industry support and growth of our board is a huge step forwards for lowRISC. As Royal Hansen, vice president of Security, Google, said:
+"Google believes that open source is good for everyone. To further our commitment, we are investing both capital and engineering resources to create a sustainable open source hardware ecosystem.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/05/onwards-and-upwards-at-lowrisc/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>lowRISC Expands and Appoints New Members to the Board of Directors from Google and ETH Zurich</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>London, England - lowRISC C.I.C., the open source system on a chip (SoC) organisation, today announced that Prof. Luca Benini (ETH Zurich), Dominic Rizzo (Google) and Ron Minnich (Google) have joined its board of directors. The announcement coincides with a new phase of hiring by lowRISC with the goal of significantly increasing the size of its Cambridge-based engineering team during 2019.
+lowRISC is a not-for-profit, community-driven organisation working to provide a high quality, security-enabling, open SoC base for derivative designs.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="lowRISC Board" title="lowRISC Board" srcset="/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, /news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_300x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-expands-press-release/board1_hu50526d94ea1a2936dbbad1660b780a0d_114705_150x0_resize_q75_box.jpg></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/>lowRISC at the SiFive Symposium in Cambridge</a></h2><h5><time>May 14, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Several lowRISC team members attended the SiFive Symposium in our home town of Cambridge on May 13th 2019, a lovely sunny day.
+Imagination Technologies were co-hosting with SiFive, and we heard from both companies. Krste Asanovic, chairman of the board at the RISC-V Foundation, gave a great introduction to RISC-V and progress so far. Naveed Sherwani, CEO of SiFive, talked us through their silicon design platform and future services. We also heard from SecureRF and IAR Systems.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/05/lowrisc-at-sifive-symposium-in-cambridge/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-6 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>November 12, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.6 milestone release is now available. This release includes an updated version of the Rocket RISC-V core, a higher core clock frequency, JTAG debugging support, Ethernet improvements, and more. See the release notes, for full details. We&rsquo;ve also taken the opportunity to re-organise our documentation, adding an easy to follow quick-start guide.
+Our next development focus is to add support for dropping in the Ariane RISC-V design (from ETH Zurich) as an alternative to Rocket.</p><p><a href=/news/2018/11/lowrisc-0-6-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>May 9, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The eighth RISC-V workshop is continuing today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
 Look back here for the day one live blog.
 Note that slides from most presentations are now available at riscv.org.
-Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic Embedded is a major use for RISC-V. There is a desire for faster interrupt handling with support for nested preempted interrupts.</p><p><a href=/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/3/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/4/>4</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/5/>5</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/5/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+Fast interrupts for RISC-V: Krste Asanovic Embedded is a major use for RISC-V. There is a desire for faster interrupt handling with support for nested preempted interrupts.</p><p><a href=/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/3/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/4/>4</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/5/>5</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/5/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>May 8, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The eighth RISC-V workshop is going on today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Barcelona RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>May 8, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The eighth RISC-V workshop is going on today in Barcleona. As usual, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
 Follow here for the day two live blog.
 Note that slides from most presentations are now available at riscv.org.
-Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor This workshop has 325 attendees representing 101 companies and 25 universties. Largest outside of Silicon Valley. Rick gives the usual overview of the RISC-V Foundation structure.</p><p><a href=/blog/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>January 12, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.5 milestone release is now available. The various changes are best described in our accompanying documentation, but the main focus is the integration of open-source Ethernet IP. The tutorial demonstrates how to use Ethernet support to boot with an NFS root, as well as with a rootfs on SD card.
-Our main development focus currently is migrating to a newer version of the upstream Rocket chip design and reintegrating our changes on top of that, but we felt that the integration of Ethernet support merits a release before that change.</p><p><a href=/blog/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>November 29, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The seventh RISC-V workshop is concluding today at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
-Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor Built in only 9 months. Celerity is an accelerator-centric SoC with a tiered accelertor fabric. Implemented in TSMC 16nm FFC. 25mm2 die area, 385M transistors Why 511 RISC-V cores? 5 Linux-capable RV64G Rocket cores, 496-core RV32IM mesh tiled area &ldquo;manycore&rdquo;, 10-core RV32IM mesh tiled array (low voltage).</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>November 28, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The seventh RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor This workshop has 325 attendees representing 101 companies and 25 universties. Largest outside of Silicon Valley. Rick gives the usual overview of the RISC-V Foundation structure.</p><p><a href=/news/2018/05/barcelona-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-5 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>January 12, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.5 milestone release is now available. The various changes are best described in our accompanying documentation, but the main focus is the integration of open-source Ethernet IP. The tutorial demonstrates how to use Ethernet support to boot with an NFS root, as well as with a rootfs on SD card.
+Our main development focus currently is migrating to a newer version of the upstream Rocket chip design and reintegrating our changes on top of that, but we felt that the integration of Ethernet support merits a release before that change.</p><p><a href=/news/2018/01/lowrisc-0-5-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>November 29, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The seventh RISC-V workshop is concluding today at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+Celerity: An Open Source 511-core RISC-V Tiered Accelerator Fabric: Michael Taylor Built in only 9 months. Celerity is an accelerator-centric SoC with a tiered accelertor fabric. Implemented in TSMC 16nm FFC. 25mm2 die area, 385M transistors Why 511 RISC-V cores? 5 Linux-capable RV64G Rocket cores, 496-core RV32IM mesh tiled area &ldquo;manycore&rdquo;, 10-core RV32IM mesh tiled array (low voltage).</p><p><a href=/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Seventh RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>November 28, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The seventh RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at Western Digital in Milpitas. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
 Follow here for the day two live blog.
-Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor Workshop is sold out, 498 attendees registered representing 138 companies and 35 universities. There will be 47 sessions squeezed into 12 and 24 minute increments, plus 26 poster / demo sessions.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</a></h2><h5><time>October 5, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This year, as part of Google Summer of Code we had the pleasure of working with Nikitas Chronas. Alongside his degree studies, Nikitas had become involved with the Libre Space Foundation and developed a strong interest in the possibility of open source hardware in CubeSats. Fault tolerance of some sort is important for harsh environments, and Nikitas worked to add fault tolerance through the implementation of core lockstep for the PULPino-based minion core subsystem.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</a></h2><h5><time>September 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A high quality, upstream RISC-V backend for LLVM is perhaps the most frequently requested missing piece of the RISC-V software ecosystem. This blog post provides an update on the rapid progress we&rsquo;ve been making towards that goal, outlines next steps and upcoming events, and tries to better explain the approach that we&rsquo;re taking. As always, you can track status here and find the code here.
-Status I&rsquo;ve been able to make substantial progress since the last update.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</a></h2><h5><time>September 19, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as an intern. Katherine&rsquo;s focus was on operating system and software enabled for lowRISC&rsquo;s tagged memory, building upon our most recent milestone release. As Katherine&rsquo;s detailed write-up demonstrates, it&rsquo;s been a very productive summer.
-The goal of this internship was to take the lowRISC hardware release, and demonstrate kernel support and software support for the hardware tagged memory primitives.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</a></h2><h5><time>September 18, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and help make our vision for an open source, secure, and flexible SoC a reality. Apply now!
-lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware. The lowRISC project was established in 2014 with the aim of bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world. It is working to do this by producing a high quality, secure, open, and flexible System-on-Chip (SoC) platform.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</a></h2><h5><time>September 5, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain. You might use the build system from the riscv/riscv-tools repository, or investigate toolchain generators such as crosstool-ng. However in the case of riscv-tools, it&rsquo;s not always clear how this corresponds to the code in the relevant upstream projects. When investigating a potential bug, you often just want to build the latest upstream code with as little fuss as possible.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>June 9, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.4 milestone release is now available. The various changes are best described in our accompanying documentation, but in summary this release:
-Moves forward our support for tagged memory by re-integrating the tag cache, reducing overhead with a hierarchical scheme. This will significantly reduce caches misses caused by tagged memory accesses where tags are distributed sparsely. Integrates support for specifying and configuring tag propagation and exception behaviour. A PULPino based &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; has been integrated, and is used to provide peripherals such as the SD card interface, keyboard, and VGA tex display (when using the Nexys4 DDR FPGA development board).</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/4/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/4/>4</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/5/>5</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/6/>6</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/6/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor Workshop is sold out, 498 attendees registered representing 138 companies and 35 universities. There will be 47 sessions squeezed into 12 and 24 minute increments, plus 26 poster / demo sessions.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/11/seventh-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/>GSoC 2017 student report: core lockstep for minion cores</a></h2><h5><time>October 5, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This year, as part of Google Summer of Code we had the pleasure of working with Nikitas Chronas. Alongside his degree studies, Nikitas had become involved with the Libre Space Foundation and developed a strong interest in the possibility of open source hardware in CubeSats. Fault tolerance of some sort is important for harsh environments, and Nikitas worked to add fault tolerance through the implementation of core lockstep for the PULPino-based minion core subsystem.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/10/gsoc-2017-student-report-core-lockstep-for-minion-cores/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/>Moving RISC-V LLVM forwards</a></h2><h5><time>September 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A high quality, upstream RISC-V backend for LLVM is perhaps the most frequently requested missing piece of the RISC-V software ecosystem. This blog post provides an update on the rapid progress we&rsquo;ve been making towards that goal, outlines next steps and upcoming events, and tries to better explain the approach that we&rsquo;re taking. As always, you can track status here and find the code here.
+Status I&rsquo;ve been able to make substantial progress since the last update.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/09/moving-risc-v-llvm-forwards/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/>lowRISC tagged memory OS enablement</a></h2><h5><time>September 19, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This summer, we were fortunate enough to have Katherine Lim join the lowRISC team at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory as an intern. Katherine&rsquo;s focus was on operating system and software enabled for lowRISC&rsquo;s tagged memory, building upon our most recent milestone release. As Katherine&rsquo;s detailed write-up demonstrates, it&rsquo;s been a very productive summer.
+The goal of this internship was to take the lowRISC hardware release, and demonstrate kernel support and software support for the hardware tagged memory primitives.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/09/lowrisc-tagged-memory-os-enablement/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>We&#39;re hiring! Work on making open source hardware a reality</a></h2><h5><time>September 18, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are looking for a talented hardware engineer to join the lowRISC team and help make our vision for an open source, secure, and flexible SoC a reality. Apply now!
+lowRISC C.I.C. is a not-for-profit company that aims to demonstrate, promote and support the use of open-source hardware. The lowRISC project was established in 2014 with the aim of bringing the benefits of open-source to the hardware world. It is working to do this by producing a high quality, secure, open, and flexible System-on-Chip (SoC) platform.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/09/were-hiring-work-on-making-open-source-hardware-a-reality/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/>Building upstream RISC-V GCC&#43;binutils&#43;newlib: the quick and dirty way</a></h2><h5><time>September 5, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>There are a number of available options for building a RISC-V GCC toolchain. You might use the build system from the riscv/riscv-tools repository, or investigate toolchain generators such as crosstool-ng. However in the case of riscv-tools, it&rsquo;s not always clear how this corresponds to the code in the relevant upstream projects. When investigating a potential bug, you often just want to build the latest upstream code with as little fuss as possible.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/09/building-upstream-risc-v-gccbinutilsnewlib-the-quick-and-dirty-way/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/>lowRISC 0-4 milestone release</a></h2><h5><time>June 9, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The lowRISC 0.4 milestone release is now available. The various changes are best described in our accompanying documentation, but in summary this release:
+Moves forward our support for tagged memory by re-integrating the tag cache, reducing overhead with a hierarchical scheme. This will significantly reduce caches misses caused by tagged memory accesses where tags are distributed sparsely. Integrates support for specifying and configuring tag propagation and exception behaviour. A PULPino based &ldquo;minion core&rdquo; has been integrated, and is used to provide peripherals such as the SD card interface, keyboard, and VGA tex display (when using the Nexys4 DDR FPGA development board).</p><p><a href=/news/2017/06/lowrisc-0-4-milestone-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/4/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/4/>4</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/5/>5</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/6/>6</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/6/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Apply now for GSoC 2017</a></h2><h5><time>March 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code, now for the third year running. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply. The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them on our discussion list for feedback before making a proposal.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</a></h2><h5><time>February 1, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes place at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. However, we&rsquo;re far from the only open source hardware activity at the University. Our colleagues on the NetFPGA project have an open source design challenge that many readers of this blog might be interested in. See the design challenge website, or read below for more details:
-We are pleased to announce the 2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge!</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/>lowRISC Q&#43;A</a></h2><h5><time>December 9, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to Hacker News. The comment thread became something of an impromptu Q+A about our project direction and status. I thought it was worth linking to it here and highlighting the discussion for a wider audience. If you have any additional questions, then feel free to comment on this blog post or else, as always, drop by our mailing list.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>November 30, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today is the second day of the fifth RISC-V workshop. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
-OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard Current architectures are wasteful. Only a small fraction of chip area goes to computation. For both GoblinCore and OpenHPC, ended up doing a lot of similar work to achieve only a point design. Why not make a generator to avoid repeating the same steps?</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>November 29, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The fifth RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at the Google&rsquo;s Quad Campus in Mountain View. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
-Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo This workshop is yet again bigger than the last. 350+ attendees, 107 companies, 29 universities. The next workshop will be May 9th-10 in Shanghai, China. RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor Startup software stacks today look a light like an iceberg.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</a></h2><h5><time>October 15, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not, we&rsquo;ll return to discussing Verilog, Chisel, and low-level software work soon. I wrote a quick script to help serve a need (producing a Gantt chart) and thought perhaps others would find it useful.
-There are a wide range of online services to help produce and maintain Gantt charts, but none quite offered what I was looking for.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Example Gantt Chart" title="Example Gantt Chart" srcset="/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/blog/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</a></h2><h5><time>July 27, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four University of Cambridge undergrads. Their work is kindly sponsored by IMC Financial Markets who are also helping to advise this summer project.
-At the time of our last blog post, we had just finished VGA and were working on implementing the frame buffer. Over the last 2 weeks, we have made significant progress, completing the frame buffer and starting video decode.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</a></h2><h5><time>July 14, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Many of the lowRISC team (Robert Mullins, Wei Song, and Alex Bradbury) have been in Boston this week for the fourth RISC-V workshop. By any measure, this has been a massive success with over 250 attendees representing 63 companies and 42 Universities. Wei presented our most recent work on integrating trace debug, which you&rsquo;ll soon be able to read much more about here (it&rsquo;s worth signing up to our announcement list if you want to be informed of each of our releases).</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</a></h2><h5><time>July 7, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of Cambridge undergrads begin a 10 week internship working on the lowRISC project at the Computer Laboratory, kindly sponsored by IMC Financial Markets (who are also helping to advise this project). The team will be blogging regularly over the course of the summer - I&rsquo;ll pass over to them to introduce themselves.
-After some initial brainstorming, we decided to aim to extend the current lowRISC SoC design to enable video output, with the final goal of playing video smoothly at a resolution of 640x480 on FPGA.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</a></h2><h5><time>June 28, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Our friends and collaborators at the Free and Open Source Silicon Foundation have launched the LibreCores design contest. This is a student design contest which aims to recognise and reward contributions to the open source hardware ecosystem. The main evaluation criteria are:
-Openness. Your work must be published under an established Open Source license. Reusability. How easily can your work be used and modified by someone else? Is it well documented?</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/5/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/5/>5</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/6/>6</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Apply now for GSoC 2017</a></h2><h5><time>March 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code, now for the third year running. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply. The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them on our discussion list for feedback before making a proposal.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/>2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge</a></h2><h5><time>February 1, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>As most of you know, the majority of full-time development on lowRISC takes place at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. However, we&rsquo;re far from the only open source hardware activity at the University. Our colleagues on the NetFPGA project have an open source design challenge that many readers of this blog might be interested in. See the design challenge website, or read below for more details:
+We are pleased to announce the 2017 NetFPGA Design Challenge!</p><p><a href=/news/2017/02/2017-netfpga-design-challenge/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/>lowRISC Q&#43;A</a></h2><h5><time>December 9, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Yesterday, lowRISC triggered a lot of discussion when someone submitted it to Hacker News. The comment thread became something of an impromptu Q+A about our project direction and status. I thought it was worth linking to it here and highlighting the discussion for a wider audience. If you have any additional questions, then feel free to comment on this blog post or else, as always, drop by our mailing list.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/12/lowrisc-qa/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>November 30, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today is the second day of the fifth RISC-V workshop. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+OpenSoC System Architect: Farzad Fatollahi-Fard Current architectures are wasteful. Only a small fraction of chip area goes to computation. For both GoblinCore and OpenHPC, ended up doing a lot of similar work to achieve only a point design. Why not make a generator to avoid repeating the same steps?</p><p><a href=/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Fifth RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>November 29, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The fifth RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at the Google&rsquo;s Quad Campus in Mountain View. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+Introduction: Rick O&rsquo;Connor and Dom Rizzo This workshop is yet again bigger than the last. 350+ attendees, 107 companies, 29 universities. The next workshop will be May 9th-10 in Shanghai, China. RISC-V at UC San Diego: Michael Taylor Startup software stacks today look a light like an iceberg.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/11/fifth-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/>Generating a Gantt chart from HJSON input</a></h2><h5><time>October 15, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This blog post is a slight departure from the normal topics here. Worry not, we&rsquo;ll return to discussing Verilog, Chisel, and low-level software work soon. I wrote a quick script to help serve a need (producing a Gantt chart) and thought perhaps others would find it useful.
+There are a wide range of online services to help produce and maintain Gantt charts, but none quite offered what I was looking for.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt="Example Gantt Chart" title="Example Gantt Chart" srcset="/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/news/2016/10/generating-a-gantt-chart-from-hjson-input/gantt_example_weekly_hu057eb1bfce3147217ea2f80a1940b12e_32473_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/>lowRISC&#43;IMC internship: second update</a></h2><h5><time>July 27, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This is the second update from our team of interns, comprised of four University of Cambridge undergrads. Their work is kindly sponsored by IMC Financial Markets who are also helping to advise this summer project.
+At the time of our last blog post, we had just finished VGA and were working on implementing the frame buffer. Over the last 2 weeks, we have made significant progress, completing the frame buffer and starting video decode.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/07/lowriscimc-internship-second-update/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/>Notes from the fourth RISC-V workshop</a></h2><h5><time>July 14, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Many of the lowRISC team (Robert Mullins, Wei Song, and Alex Bradbury) have been in Boston this week for the fourth RISC-V workshop. By any measure, this has been a massive success with over 250 attendees representing 63 companies and 42 Universities. Wei presented our most recent work on integrating trace debug, which you&rsquo;ll soon be able to read much more about here (it&rsquo;s worth signing up to our announcement list if you want to be informed of each of our releases).</p><p><a href=/news/2016/07/notes-from-the-fourth-risc-v-workshop/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>lowRISC / IMC internship week one - VGA output</a></h2><h5><time>July 7, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Begnning on Monday, June 27th, we had a team of four University of Cambridge undergrads begin a 10 week internship working on the lowRISC project at the Computer Laboratory, kindly sponsored by IMC Financial Markets (who are also helping to advise this project). The team will be blogging regularly over the course of the summer - I&rsquo;ll pass over to them to introduce themselves.
+After some initial brainstorming, we decided to aim to extend the current lowRISC SoC design to enable video output, with the final goal of playing video smoothly at a resolution of 640x480 on FPGA.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/07/lowrisc-/-imc-internship-week-one-vga-output/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/>Announcing the LibreCores design contest and ORConf 2016</a></h2><h5><time>June 28, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Our friends and collaborators at the Free and Open Source Silicon Foundation have launched the LibreCores design contest. This is a student design contest which aims to recognise and reward contributions to the open source hardware ecosystem. The main evaluation criteria are:
+Openness. Your work must be published under an established Open Source license. Reusability. How easily can your work be used and modified by someone else? Is it well documented?</p><p><a href=/news/2016/06/announcing-the-librecores-design-contest-and-orconf-2016/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/5/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/5/>5</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/6/>6</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>The lowRISC Blog &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
+<!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC News &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</a></h2><h5><time>June 3, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now underway and we&rsquo;re delighted to be working with five students, covering a variety of interesting projects. They have all introduced themselves over the past few weeks on our project mailing list. Many thanks to everyone who applied, to the mentors who volunteered, and to Google for sponsoring this programme. If your application was unsuccessful, I hope you&rsquo;ll try again next year.
-The projects for lowRISC in the 2016 GSoC are:</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</a></h2><h5><time>March 20, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code for the second year running. As with last year, we&rsquo;re working with a number of friends from across the wider open source hardware community to act as an umbrella for a range of hardware-related projects. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>January 6, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today is the second day of the third RISC-V workshop. Again, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See here for notes from the first day.
-RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille Look for freedom of design. Want to free migrate between FPGAs, structured ASICs, standard cell ASICs Want to make it easier to migrate FPGAs to ASICs for advantages in price, performance, power, IP protection.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>January 5, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The third RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at the Oracle Conference Center, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See here for notes from the second day.
-Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor Save the date, the 4th RISC-V workshop will be July 12th-13th at the MIT CSAIL/Stata Center. In August 2015, articles of incorporation were filed to create a non-profit RISC-V Foundation to govern the ISA.</p><p><a href=/blog/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/>Untethered lowRISC release</a></h2><h5><time>December 18, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or &lsquo;untethered&rsquo; SoC. Cores in the original Rocket chip rely on communicating with a companion processor via the host-target interface (HTIF) to access peripherals and I/O. This release removes this requirement, adding an I/O bus and instantiating FPGA peripherals. The accompanying tutorial, written by Wei Song, describes how to build this code release and explains the underlying structural changes.</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</a></h2><h5><time>August 16, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for ORConf 2015. The event is kindly being hosted by CERN at the IdeaSquare. Last year&rsquo;s ORConf was home to the first public talk on lowRISC and we&rsquo;re delighted this year it will also be hosting a series of lowRISC and RISC-V discussions, serving as a European lowRISC and RISC-V workshop. ORConf has in recent years grown to cover a range of open source hardware topics beyond the original OpenRISC focus.</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>June 30, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>It&rsquo;s the second day of the second RISC-V workshop today in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
-Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee Z-Scale is a family of tiny cores, similar in spirit to the ARM Cortex-M family. It integrates with the AHB-Lite interconnect. Contrast to Rocket (in-order cores, 64-bit, 32-bit, dual-issue options), and BOOM (a family of out-of-order cores).</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>June 29, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The second RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
-Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović The beginning of Krste&rsquo;s talk will be familiar for anyone who&rsquo;s seen an introduction to RISC-V before. Pleasingly, there are a lot of new faces here at the workshop so the introduction of course makes a lot of sense.</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</a></h2><h5><time>May 13, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this year&rsquo;s Google Summer of Code. The Google Summer of Code program funds students to work on open source projects over the summer. We had 52 applications across the range of project ideas we&rsquo;ve been advertising. As you can see from the range of project ideas, lowRISC is taking part as an umbrella organisation, working with a number of our friends in the wider open source software and hardware community.</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</a></h2><h5><time>April 13, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the first lowRISC preview release, demonstrating support for tagged memory as described in our memo. Our ambition with lowRISC is to provide an open-source System-on-Chip platform for others to build on, along with low-cost development boards featuring a reference implementation. Although there&rsquo;s more work to be done on the tagged memory implementation, now seemed a good time to document what we&rsquo;ve done in order for the wider community to take a look.</p><p><a href=/blog/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/6/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/6/>6</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/blog/page/7/>7</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><a class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/blog/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><h1>The lowRISC blog</h1><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/>lowRISC&#39;s 2016 Google Summer of Code Students</a></h2><h5><time>June 3, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The 2016 Google Summer of Code is now underway and we&rsquo;re delighted to be working with five students, covering a variety of interesting projects. They have all introduced themselves over the past few weeks on our project mailing list. Many thanks to everyone who applied, to the mentors who volunteered, and to Google for sponsoring this programme. If your application was unsuccessful, I hope you&rsquo;ll try again next year.
+The projects for lowRISC in the 2016 GSoC are:</p><p><a href=/news/2016/06/lowriscs-2016-google-summer-of-code-students/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/>Apply now to work with lowRISC in Google Summer of Code</a></h2><h5><time>March 20, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful to have been selected to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code for the second year running. As with last year, we&rsquo;re working with a number of friends from across the wider open source hardware community to act as an umbrella for a range of hardware-related projects. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/03/apply-now-to-work-with-lowrisc-in-google-summer-of-code/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>January 6, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Today is the second day of the third RISC-V workshop. Again, I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See here for notes from the first day.
+RISC-V ASIC and FPGA implementations: Richard Herveille Look for freedom of design. Want to free migrate between FPGAs, structured ASICs, standard cell ASICs Want to make it easier to migrate FPGAs to ASICs for advantages in price, performance, power, IP protection.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Third RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>January 5, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The third RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow at the Oracle Conference Center, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day. See here for notes from the second day.
+Introductions and RISC-V Foundation Overview: Rick O&rsquo;Connor Save the date, the 4th RISC-V workshop will be July 12th-13th at the MIT CSAIL/Stata Center. In August 2015, articles of incorporation were filed to create a non-profit RISC-V Foundation to govern the ISA.</p><p><a href=/news/2016/01/third-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/>Untethered lowRISC release</a></h2><h5><time>December 18, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Over the past several months, we&rsquo;ve been working to provide a standalone or &lsquo;untethered&rsquo; SoC. Cores in the original Rocket chip rely on communicating with a companion processor via the host-target interface (HTIF) to access peripherals and I/O. This release removes this requirement, adding an I/O bus and instantiating FPGA peripherals. The accompanying tutorial, written by Wei Song, describes how to build this code release and explains the underlying structural changes.</p><p><a href=/news/2015/12/untethered-lowrisc-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/>lowRISC at ORConf 2015</a></h2><h5><time>August 16, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Please join us October 9th-11th in Geneva, Switzerland for ORConf 2015. The event is kindly being hosted by CERN at the IdeaSquare. Last year&rsquo;s ORConf was home to the first public talk on lowRISC and we&rsquo;re delighted this year it will also be hosting a series of lowRISC and RISC-V discussions, serving as a European lowRISC and RISC-V workshop. ORConf has in recent years grown to cover a range of open source hardware topics beyond the original OpenRISC focus.</p><p><a href=/news/2015/08/lowrisc-at-orconf-2015/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day Two</a></h2><h5><time>June 30, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>It&rsquo;s the second day of the second RISC-V workshop today in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+Z-scale. Tiny 32-bit RISC-V Systems: Yunsup Lee Z-Scale is a family of tiny cores, similar in spirit to the ARM Cortex-M family. It integrates with the AHB-Lite interconnect. Contrast to Rocket (in-order cores, 64-bit, 32-bit, dual-issue options), and BOOM (a family of out-of-order cores).</p><p><a href=/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-two/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Second RISC-V Workshop: Day One</a></h2><h5><time>June 29, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The second RISC-V workshop is going on today and tomorrow in Berkeley, California. I&rsquo;ll be keeping a semi-live blog of talks and announcements throughout the day.
+Introductions and welcome: Krste Asanović The beginning of Krste&rsquo;s talk will be familiar for anyone who&rsquo;s seen an introduction to RISC-V before. Pleasingly, there are a lot of new faces here at the workshop so the introduction of course makes a lot of sense.</p><p><a href=/news/2015/06/second-risc-v-workshop-day-one/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/>Summer of Code students for lowRISC</a></h2><h5><time>May 13, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>lowRISC was fortunate enough to be chosen as a mentoring organisation in this year&rsquo;s Google Summer of Code. The Google Summer of Code program funds students to work on open source projects over the summer. We had 52 applications across the range of project ideas we&rsquo;ve been advertising. As you can see from the range of project ideas, lowRISC is taking part as an umbrella organisation, working with a number of our friends in the wider open source software and hardware community.</p><p><a href=/news/2015/05/summer-of-code-students-for-lowrisc/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>lowRISC tagged memory preview release</a></h2><h5><time>April 13, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We&rsquo;re pleased to announce the first lowRISC preview release, demonstrating support for tagged memory as described in our memo. Our ambition with lowRISC is to provide an open-source System-on-Chip platform for others to build on, along with low-cost development boards featuring a reference implementation. Although there&rsquo;s more work to be done on the tagged memory implementation, now seemed a good time to document what we&rsquo;ve done in order for the wider community to take a look.</p><p><a href=/news/2015/04/lowrisc-tagged-memory-preview-release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article><div class=lr-blog-list-pagination><ul class=pagination><li class=page-item><a href=/news/ class=page-link aria-label=First><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/6/ class=page-link aria-label=Previous><span aria-hidden=true>&laquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/>1</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/2/>2</a></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/3/>3</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><span aria-hidden=true>&nbsp;&hellip;&nbsp;</span></li><li class=page-item><a class=page-link href=/news/page/6/>6</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a class=page-link href=/news/page/7/>7</a></li><li class="page-item disabled"><a class=page-link aria-label=Next><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;</span></a></li><li class=page-item><a href=/news/page/7/ class=page-link aria-label=Last><span aria-hidden=true>&raquo;&raquo;</span></a></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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--- a/open-silicon/index.html
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Open source silicon &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>Open source silicon</h1><section><div class=col><p>Open silicon makes it easier to create derivative designs and reduces time to market, while significantly lowering the barriers to producing an SoC design. With the end of Moore’s Law, plus growth in low power connected devices and diverse machine learning applications, the demand for custom silicon increases at a rapid pace.</p><p>As with open source software, open silicon removes vendor lock-in and enables far greater procurement agility, in addition to creating opportunities for new market entrants and fostering widespread grassroots innovation. It’s open nature also provides an inherent auditability, which in an age of ever more advanced technological threats offers a distinct commercial advantage. Shared technology investment permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</p></div></section><section><div class=col-md-4><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="GitHub logo" title="GitHub logo" class=img-fluid></a></div><div class=col><p>Collaboration is fundamental to open silicon and at the core of everything that lowRISC does. Open source is in our DNA and we provide an open, vendor neutral environment for collaboration that spans industry, academia, open source foundations and individual engineers. We bring to projects a deep understanding of open source licensing, contributor models and community building, providing a uniquely positioned engineering capability.</p></div></section><div class="container marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/collaborative.png alt="Collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Shared infrastructure</h2><p>Shared infrastructure is key to efficiency in collaboration and lowRISC relentlessly strives to increase this through the provision of tools for the automatic generation of SoCs and documentation, and test and verification. In providing these eliminating the direct costs associated with proprietary tools and the cognitive cost of working across different implementations.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/secure.png alt="Quality icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Quality</h2><p>lowRISC is committed to raising the bar for quality in open silicon via a methodical approach that combines the development and use of best practices and coding standards, with rigorous testing and verification. This is informed, and indeed made possible, by a multi-stakeholder approach that includes commercial partners with exacting requirements, and with teams that bring to bear their significant experience of successfully taping-out silicon which has shipped in high volume products.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/flexible.png alt="Simplicity icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Simplicity</h2><p>The frictionless nature of open source holds the key to addressing many of the pressing challenges faced by the semiconductor industry, achieving this by providing a much simplified framework for procurement, collaboration, managing intellectual property rights, and technology advocacy. Our unique position within the ecosystem further simplifies the delivery of open silicon via a joined-up approach with key strategic relationships.</p></div></div></div><section><div class=col-md-4><img class=img-fluid src=/img/logo/logo-wordmarkbelow.svg alt="lowRISC logo"></div><div class=col><h3>lowRISC: An independent home for projects</h3><br>Collaboration on pre-competitive technologies is easier and more effective with a neutral convenor, with full stack engineering expertise to both develop and maintain systems, and to support collective technical decision-making.<br>While permissive licensing is used for hardware and software design artefacts, it remains necessary to protect trademarks, and certification has a key role to play. This is where lowRISC as a vendor neutral not-for-profit is well placed to hold intellectual property rights, and either directly operating, or specifying and overseeing the operation of certification programmes.</div></section><section class=lr-jobs-apply><a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">To discuss how lowRISC expertise could support your open source projects, get in touch with info@lowrisc.org</a></section><section><div class=col><p><h3>Openness improving university and industry interactions</h3><br>Open source hardware enables smoother technology transfer into industry, and also unlocks the potential for stronger academic research. High quality hardware that is developed to industry-standard quality and using sector best practices is openly available to researchers who can modify and build on this, pioneering new ideas and architectures. The skills and capabilities of students and post-graduate researchers who are using open hardware and best practice for rigorous open silicon development are better aligned with industry needs for new technologies, and new hires.</p></div><div class=col-md-4><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="PCB image" title="PCB image" class=img-fluid></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>Open source silicon</h1><section><div class=col><p>Open silicon makes it easier to create derivative designs and reduces time to market, while significantly lowering the barriers to producing an SoC design. With the end of Moore’s Law, plus growth in low power connected devices and diverse machine learning applications, the demand for custom silicon increases at a rapid pace.</p><p>As with open source software, open silicon removes vendor lock-in and enables far greater procurement agility, in addition to creating opportunities for new market entrants and fostering widespread grassroots innovation. It’s open nature also provides an inherent auditability, which in an age of ever more advanced technological threats offers a distinct commercial advantage. Shared technology investment permits focus on product differentiation, with shared costs and substantially reduced overall risk.</p></div></section><section><div class=col-md-4><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/GitHub_Logo_hu5f30bb7ad288ec02a35b65aa10195e30_12785_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="GitHub logo" title="GitHub logo" class=img-fluid></a></div><div class=col><p>Collaboration is fundamental to open silicon and at the core of everything that lowRISC does. Open source is in our DNA and we provide an open, vendor neutral environment for collaboration that spans industry, academia, open source foundations and individual engineers. We bring to projects a deep understanding of open source licensing, contributor models and community building, providing a uniquely positioned engineering capability.</p></div></section><div class="container marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/collaborative.png alt="Collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Shared infrastructure</h2><p>Shared infrastructure is key to efficiency in collaboration and lowRISC relentlessly strives to increase this through the provision of tools for the automatic generation of SoCs and documentation, and test and verification. In providing these eliminating the direct costs associated with proprietary tools and the cognitive cost of working across different implementations.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/secure.png alt="Quality icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Quality</h2><p>lowRISC is committed to raising the bar for quality in open silicon via a methodical approach that combines the development and use of best practices and coding standards, with rigorous testing and verification. This is informed, and indeed made possible, by a multi-stakeholder approach that includes commercial partners with exacting requirements, and with teams that bring to bear their significant experience of successfully taping-out silicon which has shipped in high volume products.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/open-silicon/flexible.png alt="Simplicity icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Simplicity</h2><p>The frictionless nature of open source holds the key to addressing many of the pressing challenges faced by the semiconductor industry, achieving this by providing a much simplified framework for procurement, collaboration, managing intellectual property rights, and technology advocacy. Our unique position within the ecosystem further simplifies the delivery of open silicon via a joined-up approach with key strategic relationships.</p></div></div></div><section><div class=col-md-4><img class=img-fluid src=/img/logo/logo-wordmarkbelow.svg alt="lowRISC logo"></div><div class=col><h3>lowRISC: An independent home for projects</h3><br>Collaboration on pre-competitive technologies is easier and more effective with a neutral convenor, with full stack engineering expertise to both develop and maintain systems, and to support collective technical decision-making.<br>While permissive licensing is used for hardware and software design artefacts, it remains necessary to protect trademarks, and certification has a key role to play. This is where lowRISC as a vendor neutral not-for-profit is well placed to hold intellectual property rights, and either directly operating, or specifying and overseeing the operation of certification programmes.</div></section><section class=lr-jobs-apply><a href=mailto:info@lowrisc.org class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">To discuss how lowRISC expertise could support your open source projects, get in touch with info@lowrisc.org</a></section><section><div class=col><p><h3>Openness improving university and industry interactions</h3><br>Open source hardware enables smoother technology transfer into industry, and also unlocks the potential for stronger academic research. High quality hardware that is developed to industry-standard quality and using sector best practices is openly available to researchers who can modify and build on this, pioneering new ideas and architectures. The skills and capabilities of students and post-graduate researchers who are using open hardware and best practice for rigorous open silicon development are better aligned with industry needs for new technologies, and new hires.</p></div><div class=col-md-4><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_500x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_1000x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/open-silicon/BlackIce_white_bg_hu4a148f66da0e42cdb6beda0bdac63f63_166503_500x0_resize_box_2.png alt="PCB image" title="PCB image" class=img-fluid></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Our work &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Our work</h1><section class=lead><div class=col><p class=font-weight-bold>lowRISC brings together people from companies, universities and open source communities, for collaborative engineering to create high quality, secure and flexible open hardware and software.</p><p>We create verified open source silicon designs, and tools to develop, test and maintain these, and also contribute to open silicon IP and open source tools which are developed elsewhere.</p><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>lowRISC is an independent engineering organisation; we perform targeted development work and provide long-term maintenance, collaborating with engineers at companies, academics, and the wider open source community. We prioritise robust engineering and documentation, created through open processes, and act as a neutral non-profit home for collaborations. This attracts partners to build shared silicon infrastructure for large scale applications and free adoption by anyone, growing and strengthening a diverse ecosystem.</p><section><div class=col><h2>Open source for sustainability</h2><div class=lead><p>Our longstanding participation in open source development means that we recognise the importance of maintenance and community, and so we design support for these in up front. lowRISC is striving to bring the best of the open source movement and digital working practices to the hardware world, whilst respecting the challenges of designing and manufacturing physical products.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1>Our work</h1><section class=lead><div class=col><p class=font-weight-bold>lowRISC brings together people from companies, universities and open source communities, for collaborative engineering to create high quality, secure and flexible open hardware and software.</p><p>We create verified open source silicon designs, and tools to develop, test and maintain these, and also contribute to open silicon IP and open source tools which are developed elsewhere.</p><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>lowRISC is an independent engineering organisation; we perform targeted development work and provide long-term maintenance, collaborating with engineers at companies, academics, and the wider open source community. We prioritise robust engineering and documentation, created through open processes, and act as a neutral non-profit home for collaborations. This attracts partners to build shared silicon infrastructure for large scale applications and free adoption by anyone, growing and strengthening a diverse ecosystem.</p><section><div class=col><h2>Open source for sustainability</h2><div class=lead><p>Our longstanding participation in open source development means that we recognise the importance of maintenance and community, and so we design support for these in up front. lowRISC is striving to bring the best of the open source movement and digital working practices to the hardware world, whilst respecting the challenges of designing and manufacturing physical products.
 As an example, Rob Mullins brings lots of experience to lowRISC, being both a co-founder of lowRISC and of Raspberry Pi.
 Both software and hardware are essential for an open source silicon future, and we are building an open culture which welcomes participation from everyone across different organisations, backgrounds and experience levels. The lowRISC community is friendly and we seek to support each other to learn and collaborate well. We hope to be part of active, collaborative development communities with a broad range of contributors, much as is seen in successful open source software projects.</p></div></div><div class="col-md-5 align-self-center"><img srcset="https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/team-collab1_hu7d9c9c56ce74c465d9e6ce0347e37556_9004551_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 1x, https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/team-collab1_hu7d9c9c56ce74c465d9e6ce0347e37556_9004551_1000x0_resize_q75_box.jpg 2x" src=https://www.lowrisc.org/our-work/team-collab1_hu7d9c9c56ce74c465d9e6ce0347e37556_9004551_500x0_resize_q75_box.jpg alt="lowRISC team at work" title="lowRISC team at work" class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto"></div></section><h2>Research and development</h2><p>lowRISC seeks to make the most of the efficiencies and benefits of open-source hardware. In particular, we are exploring new ideas in the areas of computer architecture, security, compilers and EDA tools, collaborating on research with universities to explore novel features in security and more. We are also keen to share our open source artifacts with others to help them prove and implement new ideas. We believe that academia in particular can benefit from access to our industry quality open IP, and from the ability to transition open-source IP from the laboratory to lowRISC for continued development and support.</p></div></section><section style=padding-top:20px><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>lowRISC Projects</h2><div class=lead>Our engineering team works on various projects, some hosted at lowRISC and some which are lead elsewhere. We bring full stack open source silicon experience and work as part of the open hardware ecosystem.</div></div></section><section><div class=col><h2 class=featurette-heading>OpenTitan</h2><div class=lead><p>The <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan project</a> is stewarded by lowRISC and is a partnership with <a href=https://security.googleblog.com/2019/11/opentitan-open-sourcing-transparent.html>Google</a>, <a href=https://ethz.ch/>ETH Zürich</a>, <a href=https://www.gi-de.com/>G+D Mobile Security</a>, <a href="http://www.nuvoton.com/hq/about-nuvoton/news/products-technology/Nuvoton-Technology-announces-its-collaboration-on-OpenTitan-the-first-open-source-silicon-root-of-trust-RoT-project/?__locale=en"></a>Nuvoton Technology</a> and <a href=https://www.westerndigital.com/>Western Digital</a>.
 This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/internship-2016/accelerator-tutorial/>Extending the video accelerator to add custom stream processors</a></h2><h5><time>September 22, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This tutorial will cover:
 Adding a new stream processor to the Video Accelerator infrastructure. Exposing the new instruction to the user. Adding a new stream processor A stream processor has to be able to take a AXI4-Stream channel as input, process the data and output back to a AXI4-Stream channel as these are the only Input/Output options provided to it within the Video Accelerator infrastructure.
-Let us assume that we wish to add</p><p><a href=/docs/internship-2016/accelerator-tutorial/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+Let us assume that we wish to add</p><p><a href=/docs/internship-2016/accelerator-tutorial/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/>A debug session</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Once you have an Open SoC Debug daemon running and it connected to a target system, you can initiate a debug session. In the following you will learn the different basic features to interact with the system.
 Before you begin, you should build the example programs:
-make -C $TOP/fpga/bare_metal/examples hello.riscv trace.riscv Resetting the system In the first step we will start the command line interface and reset the system.</p><p><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+make -C $TOP/fpga/bare_metal/examples hello.riscv trace.riscv Resetting the system In the first step we will start the command line interface and reset the system.</p><p><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/debugsession/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/release/>Release notes</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Release notes Rocket-core (Chisel) Add core trace and software trace modules in each Rocket core using Chisel black-boxes. Add Chisel debug network to Rocket-chip to connect the debug modules in cores. Add a trace CSR (swtrace) for software trace triggering. Merge the latest (05-2016) updates from RISC-V. Use the shared TileLink MEM network and reduce code discrepancy with the upstream Rocket to be minimal. Updated Configs.scala and LowRISCChip.</p><p><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/release/>Release notes</a></h2><h5><time>May 16, 2016</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Release notes Rocket-core (Chisel) Add core trace and software trace modules in each Rocket core using Chisel black-boxes. Add Chisel debug network to Rocket-chip to connect the debug modules in cores. Add a trace CSR (swtrace) for software trace triggering. Merge the latest (05-2016) updates from RISC-V. Use the shared TileLink MEM network and reduce code discrepancy with the upstream Rocket to be minimal. Updated Configs.scala and LowRISCChip.</p><p><a href=/docs/debug-v0.3/release/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/>Bootload procedure</a></h2><h5><time>December 17, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Note: the content of this section is subject to change as the specification develops.
 This document explains the procedure required to boot the RISC-V Linux port.
 System status after power-on After a hard (power off/on) reset, the whole SoC, including all PCRs are reset to their initial values:
-Pipeline: Flushed. L1 I$: Invalidated, PC &lt;= 0x00000000_00000200. L1 D$: Invalidated. L2: Invalidated. PCRs: reset and interrupt disabled. actual address spaces mapped address spaces Type Memory section 0 (0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) (0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) Mem &gt; On-chip BRAM (64 KB) (0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF) (0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF) Mem &gt; DDR DRAM (0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) (0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) Mem I/O section 0 (0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF) (0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF) I/O &gt; UART &amp; SD (0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF) (0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF) I/O Copy BBL from SD to DDR RAM The actual bootloader for RISC-V Linux is a revised Berkeley bootloader (BBL) located at $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/bbl/.</p><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+Pipeline: Flushed. L1 I$: Invalidated, PC &lt;= 0x00000000_00000200. L1 D$: Invalidated. L2: Invalidated. PCRs: reset and interrupt disabled. actual address spaces mapped address spaces Type Memory section 0 (0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) (0x00000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) Mem &gt; On-chip BRAM (64 KB) (0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF) (0x00000000 - 0x0000FFFF) Mem &gt; DDR DRAM (0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) (0x40000000 - 0x7FFFFFFF) Mem I/O section 0 (0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF) (0x80000000 - 0x8FFFFFFF) I/O &gt; UART &amp; SD (0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF) (0x80000000 - 0x8001FFFF) I/O Copy BBL from SD to DDR RAM The actual bootloader for RISC-V Linux is a revised Berkeley bootloader (BBL) located at $TOP/fpga/board/$FPGA_BOARD/bbl/.</p><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/bootload/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/mmio/>Memory mapped I/O (MMIO)</a></h2><h5><time>December 17, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Note: this initial implementation of MMIO is subject to significant further optimizations.
-Although peripherals are mapped into the memory space, they cannot be accessed in the same way as cacheable memory due to the consistency requirement of I/O operations and the possible side-effects of I/O read and write operations. To safely access the I/O space of peripherals, memory mapped I/O (MMIO) gives the core pipeline uncached access to I/O space (bypassing both L1 and L2) while enforcing I/O operations in the program order.</p><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/mmio/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+Although peripherals are mapped into the memory space, they cannot be accessed in the same way as cacheable memory due to the consistency requirement of I/O operations and the possible side-effects of I/O read and write operations. To safely access the I/O space of peripherals, memory mapped I/O (MMIO) gives the core pipeline uncached access to I/O space (bypassing both L1 and L2) while enforcing I/O operations in the program order.</p><p><a href=/docs/untether-v0.2/mmio/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/>Baremetal toolchain</a></h2><h5><time>April 14, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Why is is this step needed ? Because you haven&rsquo;t used the quickstart procedure to install pre-built executables. Because you want to build everything from source or for a different O/S version. Because you don&rsquo;t trust binaries. What is it used for ? The bare-metal boot loader and test programs require a newlib based flow. The Linux kernel and BBL requires a bare-metal flow. You might want to build custom software from source on the workstation.</p><p><a href=/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/>Baremetal toolchain</a></h2><h5><time>April 14, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Why is is this step needed ? Because you haven&rsquo;t used the quickstart procedure to install pre-built executables. Because you want to build everything from source or for a different O/S version. Because you don&rsquo;t trust binaries. What is it used for ? The bare-metal boot loader and test programs require a newlib based flow. The Linux kernel and BBL requires a bare-metal flow. You might want to build custom software from source on the workstation.</p><p><a href=/docs/build-bare-metal-toolchain/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/>Modifying the contents of the RAMdisk</a></h2><h5><time>April 12, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>The contents of the RAMDisk for the ARM Linux (uramdisk.image.gz) can be extracted to a local directory for you to modify:
 make ramdisk-open The RAMDisk is extracted to ramdisk/ in fpga-zynq/zedboard. Note that the default user in the ARM Linux is root, so use sudo when revising the files.
 You can repack the RAMDisk using:
-make ramdisk-close The extracted RAMDisk remains at ramdisk/. It can be removed with:</p><p><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+make ramdisk-close The extracted RAMDisk remains at ramdisk/. It can be removed with:</p><p><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/fpga-ramdisk/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+++ b/page/17/index.html
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/new-instructions/>Adding HW/SW support for the load and store tag instructions</a></h2><h5><time>April 12, 2015</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Modifying the Rocket core The Rocket core is described using the Chisel hardware construction language.
 The structure of the key source files is shown below:
-src/src/main/scala LowRISCChip.scala - Top-level connections Network.scala - The network interconnecting the tiles and coherence managers PublicConfigs.scala - The configuration parameters rocket/src/main/scala tile.scala - Top-level for a Rocket tile core.scala - Top-level for the Rocket core btb.scala - Branch target buffer csr.</p><p><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/new-instructions/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+src/src/main/scala LowRISCChip.scala - Top-level connections Network.scala - The network interconnecting the tiles and coherence managers PublicConfigs.scala - The configuration parameters rocket/src/main/scala tile.scala - Top-level for a Rocket tile core.scala - Top-level for the Rocket core btb.scala - Branch target buffer csr.</p><p><a href=/docs/tagged-memory-v0.1/new-instructions/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/generate-the-bitstream/></a></h2><h5><time>January 1, 0001</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Generate the bitstream FPGA demo with Fpga (default bootloader) cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr make cleanall make bitstream The generated bitstream is located at lowrisc-chip-imp/lowrisc-chip-imp.runs/impl_1/chip_top.bit. This will take some time (20-60 minutes depending on your computer).
 Program the bootloader on FPGA Next, turn on the FPGA board and connect the USB cable. Now you download the bitstream to the quad-SPI on the FPGA board:
-make cfgmem make program-cfgmem At this point, you should check that the FPGA board switches are initially all off (except SW2), and the MODE jumper is in QSPI mode and then press the PROG button.</p><p><a href=/docs/generate-the-bitstream/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+make cfgmem make program-cfgmem At this point, you should check that the FPGA board switches are initially all off (except SW2), and the MODE jumper is in QSPI mode and then press the PROG button.</p><p><a href=/docs/generate-the-bitstream/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>August 3, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p><a href=/blog/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Security Verification of an Open Source Hardware Root of Trust</a></h2><h5><time>August 3, 2022</time></h5><p class=text-justify>OpenTitan is a powerful open source silicon root of trust project, designed from scratch as a transparent, trustworthy and secure implementation for enterprises, platform providers and chip manufacturers. Featuring numerous hardware security features ranging from secure boot and remote attestation to secure storage of private user data. The open source development model allows OpenTitan to serve as a vehicle for innovation in academia, but also as an effective commercial platform as well.</p><p><a href=/news/2022/08/security-verification-of-an-open-source-hardware-root-of-trust/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</a></h2><h5><time>January 29, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>I’ll be giving a talk in the RISC-V devroom at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the Ibex RISC-V CPU core. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes.</p><p><a href=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=FOSDEM title=FOSDEM srcset="/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/blog/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>At FOSDEM you can hear how we made our Ibex CPU core faster</a></h2><h5><time>January 29, 2020</time></h5><p class=text-justify>I’ll be giving a talk in the RISC-V devroom at FOSDEM on Saturday 1st February, in which I’ll describe how we are analysing and improving the performance of the Ibex RISC-V CPU core. I’ll discuss how Verilator is used to simulate Ibex running CoreMark and Embench and how I’ve analysed these simulations to identify major sources of stalls. This is used to inform what improvements should be made. Yosys was used to analyse the impact on area and clock frequency from these changes.</p><p><a href=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/>Read More…</a></p></div><img class="align-self-center rounded ml-3 d-none d-md-block" alt=FOSDEM title=FOSDEM srcset="/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png 1x, /news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_300x0_resize_box_2.png 2x" src=/news/2020/01/at-fosdem-you-can-hear-how-we-made-our-ibex-cpu-core-faster/FOSDEM_logo_huf82e281a9237d835c6322add1947ed2b_9557_150x0_resize_box_2.png></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V. Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We recently announced on the llvm-dev mailing list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its current status of experimental to an official target.</p><p><a href=/blog/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Large-scale RISC-V LLVM testing with Buildroot</a></h2><h5><time>July 10, 2019</time></h5><p class=text-justify>A few years ago lowRISC started developing a new LLVM backend targeting RISC-V. Rather than copying and modifying an existing backend, in an ad hoc fashion, we started from scratch and proceeded systematically. This approach proved successful in producing a high-quality codebase. We recently announced on the llvm-dev mailing list that the backend is now reaching stability and could be promoted from its current status of experimental to an official target.</p><p><a href=/news/2019/07/large-scale-risc-v-llvm-testing-with-buildroot/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/current-release-faq/>Frequently asked questions</a></h2><h5><time>September 14, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Why are you releasing a separate binary installation guide ? The source code installation and build environment is 20GBytes for this release. The Vivado installation is 28GBytes. The quickstart binary distribution is 5GBytes, and hence is more suitable for older computers and/or users with limited internet bandwidth. Also there are a lot of technologies to understand to succeed with new development from source. We think users will want to see what can be achieved before going to the trouble of learning about everything.</p><p><a href=/docs/current-release-faq/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/current-release-faq/>Frequently asked questions</a></h2><h5><time>September 14, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Why are you releasing a separate binary installation guide ? The source code installation and build environment is 20GBytes for this release. The Vivado installation is 28GBytes. The quickstart binary distribution is 5GBytes, and hence is more suitable for older computers and/or users with limited internet bandwidth. Also there are a lot of technologies to understand to succeed with new development from source. We think users will want to see what can be achieved before going to the trouble of learning about everything.</p><p><a href=/docs/current-release-faq/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/>Build your own bitstream and images</a></h2><h5><time>January 11, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>Generate the bitstream FPGA demo with Ethernet (default bootloader) cd $TOP/fpga/board/nexys4_ddr make cleanall make bitstream The generated bitstream is located at lowrisc-chip-imp/lowrisc-chip-imp.runs/impl_1/chip_top.bit. This will take some time (20-60 minutes depending on your computer).
 Program the bootloader on FPGA Next, turn on the FPGA board and connect the USB cable. Now you download the bitstream to the quad-SPI on the FPGA board:
-make cfgmem make program-cfgmem At this point, you should check the MODE jumper is in QSPI mode and then press the PROG button.</p><p><a href=/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+make cfgmem make program-cfgmem At this point, you should check the MODE jumper is in QSPI mode and then press the PROG button.</p><p><a href=/docs/ethernet-v0.5/development/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/jtag/>lowRISC Refresh internals</a></h2><h5><time>January 11, 2018</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This lowRISC release introduces refresh debugging and compressed instructions, allowing upstream debian Linux distribution to be used.
-RTL changes The JTAG uses Xilinx built-in instruction register of 6 bits and available user data registers. These data register numbers deviate from the RISC-V specification but otherwise conforms to the Berkeley Rocket standard. This deviation eliminates the requirement for separate hardware to implement the debug interface and keeps costs low, allowing the same board (Nexys4DDR) as previously to be used.</p><p><a href=/docs/jtag/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+RTL changes The JTAG uses Xilinx built-in instruction register of 6 bits and available user data registers. These data register numbers deviate from the RISC-V specification but otherwise conforms to the Berkeley Rocket standard. This deviation eliminates the requirement for separate hardware to implement the debug interface and keeps costs low, allowing the same board (Nexys4DDR) as previously to be used.</p><p><a href=/docs/jtag/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
 <button class=navbar-toggler type=button data-toggle=collapse data-target=#navbarCollapse aria-controls=navbarCollapse aria-expanded=false aria-label="Toggle navigation">
-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
 We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/>lowRISC Minion internals</a></h2><h5><time>April 18, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>This lowRISC release introduces Minion cores, allowing I/O tasks to be offloaded from the Rocket. This goal is important because it provides a flexible platform to allow new and unusual devices to be supported. From Chapter 3: extract from Pulpino databook
 RISCV core overview from Pulpino databook
-The Pulpino as delivered from ETH Zurich is a complete microcontroller, and as such is too large to support our FPGA platform. AXI-compatible busses and peripherals increase the size by 2-3 times.</p><p><a href=/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+The Pulpino as delivered from ETH Zurich is a complete microcontroller, and as such is too large to support our FPGA platform. AXI-compatible busses and peripherals increase the size by 2-3 times.</p><p><a href=/docs/minion-v0.4/minion/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link rel=alternate type=application/rss+xml href=https://www.lowrisc.org/index.xml title="lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering"><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
-We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Apply now for GSoC 2017</a></h2><h5><time>March 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code, now for the third year running. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply. The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them on our discussion list for feedback before making a proposal.</p><p><a href=/blog/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/blog/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
+<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/news class=nav-link>News</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid lr-home-mainjumbo"><div class=container><h1 class=lr-home-mainjumbo>Open to the core</h1><p class=lead>lowRISC is a not-for-profit company with a full stack engineering team based in Cambridge, UK.
+We use collaborative engineering to develop and maintain open source silicon designs and tools.</p></div></div><div class="container lr-blog lr-blog-list"><article class=media><div class=media-body><h2><a href=/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Apply now for GSoC 2017</a></h2><h5><time>March 27, 2017</time></h5><p class=text-justify>We are very grateful for being selected again to take part as a mentoring organisation in the Google Summer of Code, now for the third year running. If you are a student who would like to be paid to work on open source during the summer, then take a look at the lowRISC ideas list and apply. The deadline for applications is 4pm UTC on April 3rd. We&rsquo;re always very interested in ideas suggested by students, and encourage you to share them on our discussion list for feedback before making a proposal.</p><p><a href=/news/2017/03/apply-now-for-gsoc-2017/>Read More…</a></p></div></article></div><div class="container lr-home-marketing"><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/open_source.png alt="open source icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Open source</h2><p>Our work is open and permissively licensed, helping to move the industry forward with flexible, accessible and effective systems and tools. We implement and have expertise in the free and open RISC-V ISA.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/durable.png alt="Durable icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Durable technology</h2><p>lowRISC creates infrastructure which will be used, useful and sustainable for future generations of computer systems, by getting the foundations right and not cutting corners.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/excellence.png alt="Excellence icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Full stack technical excellence</h2><p>High quality, robust engineering and great documentation are essential to provide useful and maintainable technology. lowRISC create, support and maintain open cores, hardware IP blocks, compiler infrastructure and test and verification systems.</p></div></div><div class=row><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/collaborative.png alt="collaborative icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Collaborative engineering</h2><p>We work closely with others, testing new ideas and developing systems together, and sharing what we learn and build. lowRISC is part of the open technology ecosystem, and fosters inclusive and participatory communities.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/pragmatic.png alt="pragmatic icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Pragmatic</h2><p>We make choices that enable us to take concrete steps as best we can towards open source silicon being used at scale. lowRISC aims to show that it's entirely possible to develop open source silicon solutions at a quality suitable for large-scale production and deployment.</p></div><div class=col-lg-4><img class=rounded-circle src=/img/home/independent.png alt="independent icon" width=140 height=140><h2>Independent and<br>not-for-profit</h2><p>lowRISC is a neutral home for multi-partner projects delivering verified, high quality IP and tools. This enables shared investment into pre-competitive technology and open standards, providing the solid foundations necessary for the rapid development cycles of next generation silicon products.</p></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-5 my-auto"><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/opentitan-partners.svg alt="OpenTitan partners"></div><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Announcing OpenTitan, <span class=text-muted>the first transparent silicon root of trust</span></h2><div class=lead><p>We are excited to <a href=/news/2019/11/announcing-opentitan-the-first-transparent-silicon-root-of-trust/>unveil</a> the <a href=https://opentitan.org>OpenTitan</a> silicon root of trust project, a new effort built using the successful collaborative engineering model created by lowRISC in partnership with Google and other commercial and academic partners.</p><p>This effort sets a new bar for transparency in trusted silicon, and lowRISC is proud to serve as both steward and not-for-profit engineering contributor to OpenTitan, the world’s first open source silicon root of trust.</p><p>Silicon root of trust chips increase trust in the integrity of the infrastructure on which software runs.
 <i>Open sourcing</i> the silicon design makes it more transparent, trustworthy, and ultimately, secure.</p></div></div></div><hr class=featurette-divider><div class="row featurette pb-5"><div class="col-md-7 my-lg-5 my-md-3"><h2 class=featurette-heading>Collaborative engineering <span class=text-muted>for open source silicon.</span></h2><div class=lead><ul><li><a href=https://github.com/lowRISC>High quality designs & documentation</a></li><li><a href=/about>Full stack expertise</a></li><li><a href=/open-silicon>Bringing the benefits of open source software to the hardware world</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=col-md-5><img class="featurette-image img-fluid mx-auto" src=/img/home/lowRISC-ecosystem-v2.png alt="lowRISC ecosystem"></div></div></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
 &middot; <a href=/usage-licence>Usage licence</a></small></p></div><div class=col-lg-2><p><a href=#>Back to top</a></p></div></div></div></footer><script src=/main.b716e.js></script></body></html>
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <!doctype html><html lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,viewport-fit=cover"><base href=https://www.lowrisc.org><link rel=icon type=image/png sizes=32x32 href=/favicon.png><title>Website Privacy and Cookies Policy &middot; lowRISC: Collaborative open silicon engineering</title><link href=/main.b716e.css rel=stylesheet></head><body><header><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light"><div class=container><a class=navbar-brand href=#><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg alt=lowRISC></a>
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-<span class=navbar-toggler-icon></span></button><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id=navbarCollapse><ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li class=nav-item><a href=/our-work class=nav-link>Our work</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/open-silicon class=nav-link>Open Silicon</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/community class=nav-link>Community</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/blog class=nav-link>Blog</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/jobs class=nav-link>Jobs</a></li><li class=nav-item><a href=/about class=nav-link>About us</a></li><li class=nav-item><a class="btn lr-navbar-btn-gh" href=https://github.com/lowrisc>GitHub</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></header><main role=main><div class=container><h1 class=pagetitle>Website Privacy and Cookies Policy</h1><section><div class=col><p>We take the privacy of those who visit this website seriously and we aim to be transparent about our processing of personal information. Accordingly, this page explains the kinds of information we may collect about you, and the reasons for collecting this information.</p><h2>General website information</h2><p>If you use this website, we will make a record of the information your web browser sends to us, typically identifying the type of browser you are using, and your IP address. We record this information in order to understand the ways in which people use our website; to detect bugs; and hostile access.<br>We share this information only with our website hosting service GitHub Pages, who are under an obligation not to use your information for any other purpose.</p><h2>Emails</h2><p>If you sign up to be on our mailing list via this website, we will ask you for the following information:<ul><li>Email address</li></ul>Unless we are in direct correspondence with you – for example because you have asked us specific questions about our products or services – we will only use this information for the following purposes:<ul><li>Promotional emails, for example:</li><li>Product updates and key milestones</li><li>Our presence at events & conferences (e.g. poster presentations, talks, booths, webinars, symposia etc.)</li><li>Our publications (e.g. journal papers, conference proceedings, magazine spreads etc.)</li><li>News and press releases</li><li>Outbound newsletters</li><li>Survey invitations</li></ul>You may unsubscribe from our mailing lists at any time and any promotional email we send you will contain an option to enable you to unsubscribe.<br>We will not allow any third parties to make use of your email information, but we may use third party data processors, for example to automate our handling of mailing lists. Any use we make of data processors will require them only to act only on our instructions concerning your personal data.</p><h2>Lawful basis</h2><p>It is lawful for us, under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), to process the information described in this notice because we have a<ul><li>Legitimate interest in operating a website and using the information we collect for these purposes.</li><li>Where you have signed up to a mailing list, we have a legitimate interest in emailing you so long as you do not object to our doing so.</li></ul>We do not believe the way in which we are processing them is likely to cause you any harm.</p><h2>Transfer of data outside the United Kingdom & Europe</h2><p>We use <a href=https://www.mailgun.com/email-validation/email-list-management/free-email-list-management/>Mailgun</a> to manage mailing lists. In doing so, we will transfer your personal data (in the form of your email address) to the United States of America and emails, which will include some personal data, will be processed in the United States. For further details, see Mailgun's <a href=https://www.mailgun.com/gdpr/>information about GDPR compliance</a>.<br>We have signed Mailgun's "Data Processing Agreement" which contains standard contractual clauses, binding on Mailgun, that act as a safeguard in accordance with data protection law, so that your data is not put at more risk in being sent to the United States.<br>We may also use third party providers, such as <a href=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!overview>Google Groups</a> and <a href=https://zulipchat.com>Zulip chat</a> to support various kinds of communication. But in each case, your personal data will only be processed by them, if you have yourself signed up to use them. If you do, each provider has their own terms and privacy notices and you should refer to their privacy notices for information on how your personal data is processed when using their services.</p><h2>Your rights</h2><p>Under the <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679&from=EN">General Data Protection Regulation</a> you have a number of important rights free of charge. In summary, those include rights to:<ul><li>access to your personal information</li><li>require us to correct any mistakes in your information which we hold</li><li>require the erasure of personal information concerning you in certain situations</li><li>receive the personal information concerning you which you have provided to us, in a structured, commonly used
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 While we try to make sure that this website is secure, we cannot guarantee the security of any information that you supply to us and therefore we cannot guarantee that it will be kept confidential. For that reason, you should not submit any information you regard as confidential. Any information you do submit, you submit at your own risk.</p><h2>Use of cookies</h2><p>Cookies are short text files stored in your web browser to allow us to remember you when you return to this website. More information about the particular cookies we use may be found at <a href=/privacy-policy>privacy and cookie policy</a>.</p><h2>Accuracy of information and availability of this website</h2><p>While we hope that this website is accurate, up-to-date and free from bugs, we cannot promise that it will be. Furthermore, we cannot promise that this website will be fit or suitable for any purpose. Any reliance that you may place on the information of this website is at your own risk.<br>We may suspend or terminate operation of this website at any time as we see fit.<br>Any content is provided for your general information purposes only. It does not constitute technical, financial or legal advice or any other type of advice and should not be relied upon for any purposes.</p><h2>Ownership, use and intellectual property rights</h2><p>Except where any of our content is associated with a more specific intellectual property licence – whether it is more or less restrictive than this one – and to the extent that you need our permission to do so, we give you a licence to use all intellectual property rights in the content, but only for the purpose of browsing the website using conventional web browsing tools.</p><h2>Changes to these terms</h2><p>We reserve the right to vary these terms from time to time. Our new terms will be displayed on this website and by continuing to use and access this website following such changes, you agree to be bound by any variation made by us. It is your responsibility to check these terms from time to time to verify such variations.</p><h2>Hyperlinks and third party sites</h2><p>This website may contain hyperlinks or references to third party websites other than this website. Any hyperlinks or references are provided for your convenience only. We have no control over third party websites and accept no legal responsibility for any content, material or information contained in them. The display of any hyperlink and reference to any third party website does not mean that we endorse that third party’s website, products or services. Your use of a third party site may be governed by the terms and conditions of that third party site.</p><h2>Disputes and liability</h2><p>Except for any legal responsibility that we cannot exclude in law (such as for death or personal injury caused by our negligence and our statutory duties under data protection law), we have no liability to you connected with your use of our website. For example, we are not liable for<ul><li>any missing or inaccurate content;</li><li>any unavailability of the website;</li><li>any incompatibility of this website with any particular browser or browser plugin; or</li><li>economic loss or other loss of turnover, profit, business or goodwill.</li>These terms are to be interpreted in accordance with English law and the courts of England shall have jurisdiction to settle any disputes arising from your use of the website.</p></div></section></div></main><footer class=lr-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class="col-lg-2 d-none d-lg-block"><img src=/img/logo/logo-dualcolor.svg width=150px></div><div class=col><p><small>The text content on this website is licensed under a <a href=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>, except where otherwise noted. No license is granted for logos or other trademarks. Other content &copy; lowRISC Contributors.</small></p><p><small><a href=/privacy-policy>Privacy and cookies policy</a>
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