README.md

CS323 Project Phase4

12011619 Liquan Wang

12111744 Wenhui Tao

12111611 Ruixiang Jiang

Language

Instead of using the provided C starter code, we use Python to implement the compiler, which is easy to develop

Use PyInstaller to compile splc.py to executable binary file bin/splc, and the provided judging environment has already installed pyinstaller

#Makefile
splc: splc.py
	pyinstaller --log-level WARN --distpath bin -F splc.py

Translation

translate() is the core function to translate TAC to MIPS32 assembly code, and we use regex to match the TAC's pattern type

def translate(tac: str) -> "list[str]":
    id = '[^\\d#*]\\w*'
    num = '#\\d+'
    if re.fullmatch(f'{id} := {num}', tac):  # x := #k
        x, k = tac.split(' := #')
        command.append(f'li {reg(x)}, {k}')
    if re.fullmatch(f'{id} := {id}', tac):  # x := y
        x, y = tac.split(' := ')
        command.append(f'move {reg(x)}, {reg(y)}')
    ...

Besides the basic translation scheme, we also do the following work:

Check if the three address code has numbers:

1. Support the return value and input as numbers
2. Support multiplication and division containing numbers
3. The positions of registers and numbers can be switched arbitrarily (x := y - #k or x := #y - k is OK)

Efficiency:

• If there are no unknowns in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (that is, all numbers), the result is directly assigned to the target register

• For commands that use a stack variable, the variable in the stack is moved to the register using lw.

  Similarly, the variable in the stack can be identified by sw to the corresponding position

Security:

If the integers are not in the contraint range $[−2^{16}, 2^{16}−1)$, we can't translate them directly to MIPS32 immediates. So we do the additional translation logic like below, to avoid Arithmetic Overflow error in SPIM simulator

def translate(tac: str) -> "list[str]":
    ...
	if re.fullmatch(fr'{id} := {num} \+ {id}', tac):  # x := #y + k
        x, y, k = re.split(r' := #| \+ ', tac)
        n = int(y)
        while n > 32767:
            command.append(f'addi {reg(k)}, {reg(k)}, {32767}')
            n = n - 32767
        command.append(f'addi {reg(x)}, {reg(k)}, {n}')

Procedure Call

Before the function is called:

1. Store Active Variables in the stack
2. jal in the target function
3. Store $ra in the stack

After the function is called:

1. Get $ra in the stack
2. The result is stored in the stack
3. The Active Variables are restored from the stack

Active Variables

Before function invokation, we only need to store the active variables before invoking the function

The active variables are stored in the set active_vars, which is easy to maintain

The set will be updated only in three cases:

• x := ...
• PARAM x
• READ x

We only need to add x to active_vars while translating the TAC

When we get TACs like IF x [op] y GOTO label, we don't need to add x and y to active_vars, because x and y must be already declared in the form of the above three cases

Finally, clear the set after getting a new function TAC FUNCTION f :

active_vars = set()  # the active variables in current function, need to be stored to memory before invoking subfunction
def translate(tac: str) -> "list[str]":
    if re.fullmatch(f'{id} := .+', tac):  # x := ...
        x, _ = tac.split(' := ')
        active_vars.add(x)
    if re.fullmatch(f'PARAM {id}', tac):  # PARAM x
        x = tac.split(' ')[1]
        active_vars.add(x)
    if re.fullmatch(f'READ {id}', tac):  # READ x
        x = tac.split(' ')[1]
        active_vars.add(x)
    if re.fullmatch(f'FUNCTION {id} :', tac):  # FUNCTION f :
        active_vars = set()  # start new function's active variables

Register Allocation

For register allocation, we use a trivial strategy. If there isn't avaliable register, the variable will be stored to the stack

# `var` can be variable or integer
def reg(var: str) -> str:
    try:
        if var == '0':
            return '$0'
        int(var) #check integer
        return var #directly return integer
    except: #variable case
        reg = find_reg(var)
        if reg:
            return reg
        # If there isn't avaliable register, the variable will be stored to the stack
        stack.append(var)
        return f'{stack.index(var) + max_var_num << 2}($sp)'

def find_reg(var: str) -> str:
    if var in register_table:
        return f'${register_table.index(var) + save_reg}'
    elif var in stack:
        return f'{(stack.index(var) + max_var_num) << 2}($sp)'
    else:  # No avaliable register
        return None

Flexibility

If we need more than one register for the output of floating point numbers, we can adjust the special register by adjusting the number of pre-stored registers, and move the registers used for all operations back (the normally used register $11 can easily be changed to $12)