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Docker安装MSSQL.html
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<h1 id="seo-header">Docker 安装 MSSQL</h1>
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本文最后更新于 2023年12月3日 晚上
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<h1 id="Docker-安装-MSSQL"><a href="#Docker-安装-MSSQL" class="headerlink" title="Docker 安装 MSSQL"></a>Docker 安装 MSSQL</h1><h2 id="群晖安装"><a href="#群晖安装" class="headerlink" title="群晖安装"></a>群晖安装</h2><ol>
<li>下载 MSSQL 镜像</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>由于在群晖 Docker 的注册表中无法搜索到微软官方的镜像，因此这里我们在 SSH 客户端通过 bash 命令来下载镜像。</li>
<li>首先，在群晖主页 - 控制面板 - 连接性 - 终端机和 SNMP-终端机选项卡中启动 SSH 功能，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/clipboard_20230208_121940.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="启用群晖的 SSH 功能"></li>
<li>然后通过 SSH 客户端连接至群晖系统，这里我用的是 Tabby Terminal，然后执行以下命令：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">sudo docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>执行结果如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/clipboard_20230208_122254.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="下载 MSSQL 镜像"></p>
<ul>
<li>回到群晖主界面-Docker-映像，就可以看到这个镜像了，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/clipboard_20230208_122603.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="群晖主界面-Docker-映像"></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>创建持久化挂载目录并设置目录权限<br>如下图创建目录：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080035215.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="创建目录"><br>并鼠标右键点击 mssqlserver-属性，新增用户权限，这里为了简化，把 mssqlserver 这个目录及子目录的所有权限设置给 EveryOne，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080039350.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="授予权限"></li>
<li>启动 mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest 镜像</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>从群晖主页-Docker-映像列表中找到 mssql/server，然后点击上面的启动按钮，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080044874.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="创建容器"><br>在启动对话框中输入容器名称、设置资源限制，重启自动启动。</li>
<li>然后点击“高级设置”按钮增加 2 个环境变量，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080050483.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="设置环境变量"><blockquote>
<p>ACCEPT_EULA 表示同意微软的许可协议，值必须是 Y。<br>MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD 表示 sa 账户的密码，必须是强安全规则的，大小写字母特殊字符数字切长度大于等于 8</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>点击“保存”按钮，然后点击“下一步”，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080115377.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="保存"><br>这里是进行主机端口与容器端口进行映射。</li>
<li>点击‘下一步“按钮，如下图：</li>
<li><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080054885.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="映射端口"><br>点击”添加文件夹“，进行持久化挂载目录映射，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080056913.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="挂载目录映射"></li>
<li>点击”下一步“，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080056964.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="摘要"></li>
<li>点击”完成“按钮，容器就会启动，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080057305.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="启动容器"></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>在工作电脑访问 Docker 中的 SQL Server</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>可以在工作电脑上安装一个 SSMS，启动后，输入连接参数，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080115976.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="输入连接参数"></li>
<li>点击”连接“，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080116784.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="连接群晖上的 MSSQL"></li>
<li><p>新建查询，查看一下数据库的版本，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080118909.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="查询"></p>
</li>
<li><p>创建一个数据库，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080120450.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="创建数据库"></p>
</li>
<li>在群晖 File Station 中查看数据库文件，如下图：<br><img src="https://image.loufengkai.top/siyuan/202302080122914.png" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="查看数据库文件"></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="非群晖安装"><a href="#非群晖安装" class="headerlink" title="非群晖安装"></a>非群晖安装</h2><ol>
<li>从 Microsoft 容器注册表中请求 SQL Server 2022 (16.x) Linux 容器映像。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">sudo docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>要使用 Docker 运行 Linux 容器映像，可以从 Bash Shell 或提升的 PowerShell 命令提示符使用以下命令。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">sudo docker run -e <span class="hljs-string">"ACCEPT_EULA=Y"</span> -e <span class="hljs-string">"MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD=<YourStrong@Passw0rd>"</span> \<br> -p 1433:1433 --name sql1 --hostname sql1 \<br> -d \<br> mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>密码应符合 SQL Server 默认密码策略，否则容器无法设置 SQL Server，将停止工作。默认情况下，密码必须为至少八个字符且包含以下四种字符中的三种：大写字母、小写字母、十进制数字、符号。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>下表对前一个 <code>docker run</code> 示例中的参数进行了说明：</p>
<div class="table-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">参数</th>
<th style="text-align:left">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>-e “ACCEPT_EULA=Y”</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">将 <code>ACCEPT_EULA</code>变量设置为任意值，以确认接受最终用户许可协议。SQL Server 映像的必需设置。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>-e “MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD=<a href="mailto:YourStrong@Passw0rd">YourStrong@Passw0rd</a>“</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">指定至少包含 8 个字符且符合 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/relational-databases/security/password-policy?view=sql-server-ver16">SQL Server 密码要求</a> 的强密码。SQL Server 映像的必需设置。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>-e “MSSQL<em>COLLATION=<_SQL_Server_collation</em>>”</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">指定自定义 SQL Server 排序规则，而不使用默认值 <code>SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS</code>。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>-p 1433:1433</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">将主机环境中的 TCP 端口（第一个值）映射到容器中的 TCP 端口（第二个值）。在此示例中，SQL Server 侦听容器中的 TCP 1433，此容器端口随后会对主机上的 TCP 端口 1433 公开。</td>
<td>公开。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>—name sql1</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">为容器指定一个自定义名称，而不是使用随机生成的名称。如果运行多个容器，则无法重复使用相同的名称。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>—hostname sql1</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">用于显式设置容器主机名。如果未指定主机名，则主机名默认为容器 ID，这是随机生成的系统 GUID。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>-d</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">在后台运行容器（守护程序）。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><strong>mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest</strong></td>
<td style="text-align:left">SQL Server Linux 容器映像。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<ol>
<li>要查看 Docker 容器，请使用 <code>docker ps</code> 命令。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">sudo docker ps -a<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>应该会看到与下面类似的输出：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br>d4a1999ef83e mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest <span class="hljs-string">"/opt/mssql/bin/perm..."</span> 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:1433->1433/tcp, :::1433->1433/tcp sql1<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>更改系统管理员密码<br>SA 帐户是安装过程中在 SQL Server 实例上创建的系统管理员。创建 SQL Server 容器后，可以通过在容器中运行中运行 <code>echo $MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD</code> 来发现指定的 <code>MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD</code>环境变量。出于安全考虑，请考虑更改 SA 密码。码。</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>选择 SA 用户要使用的强密码。</li>
<li>使用 <code>docker exec</code>运行 sqlcmd，以使用 Transact-SQL 更改密码。以下示例将从用户输入中读取旧密码和新密码。码。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs Bash">sudo docker <span class="hljs-built_in">exec</span> -it sql1 /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd \<br>-S localhost -U SA \<br> -P <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">$(read -sp <span class="hljs-string">"Enter current SA password: "</span>; echo <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">${REPLY}</span>"</span>)</span>"</span> \<br> -Q <span class="hljs-string">"ALTER LOGIN SA WITH PASSWORD=\"<span class="hljs-subst">$(read -sp <span class="hljs-string">"Enter new SA password: "</span>; echo <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-variable">${REPLY}</span>"</span>)</span>\""</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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