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train_image_classifier.py
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train_image_classifier.py
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# Copyright 2016 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
# Contributed 2017 Eduardo Valle. eduardovalle.com/ github.com/learningtitans
"""Generic training script that trains a model using a given dataset."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import datetime
import signal
import sys
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.ops import control_flow_ops
from datasets import dataset_factory
from deployment import model_deploy
from nets import nets_factory
from preprocessing import preprocessing_factory
slim = tf.contrib.slim
version_required = (3, 4, 0)
version_running = sys.version_info
if version_running<version_required and '--allow_old_python' not in sys.argv:
print('This script requires Python %s or superior, your version: %s' %
('.'.join((str(v) for v in version_required)),
'.'.join((str(v) for v in version_running )),), file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'master', '', 'The address of the TensorFlow master to use.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'train_dir', None,
'Directory where checkpoints and event logs are written to.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('num_clones', 1,
'Number of model clones to deploy.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_boolean('clone_on_cpu', False,
'Use CPUs to deploy clones.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('worker_replicas', 1, 'Number of worker replicas.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'num_ps_tasks', 0,
'The number of parameter servers. If the value is 0, then the parameters '
'are handled locally by the worker.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'num_readers', 4,
'The number of parallel readers that read data from the dataset.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'num_preprocessing_threads', 4,
'The number of threads used to create the batches.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'log_every_n_steps', 10,
'The frequency with which logs are print.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'save_summaries_secs', 600,
'The frequency with which summaries are saved, in seconds.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'save_interval_secs', 600,
'The frequency with which the model is saved, in seconds.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'task', 0, 'Task id of the replica running the training.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'verbose_placement', False,
'Shows detailed information about device placement.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'hard_placement', False,
'Uses hard constraints for device placement on tensorflow sessions.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'fixed_memory', False,
'Allocates the entire memory at once.')
######################
# Optimization Flags #
######################
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'weight_decay', 0.00004, 'The weight decay on the model weights.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'optimizer', 'rmsprop',
'The name of the optimizer, one of "adadelta", "adagrad", "adam",'
'"ftrl", "momentum", "sgd" or "rmsprop".')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'adadelta_rho', 0.95,
'The decay rate for adadelta.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'adagrad_initial_accumulator_value', 0.1,
'Starting value for the AdaGrad accumulators.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'adam_beta1', 0.9,
'The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment estimates.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'adam_beta2', 0.999,
'The exponential decay rate for the 2nd moment estimates.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float('opt_epsilon', 1.0, 'Epsilon term for the optimizer.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float('ftrl_learning_rate_power', -0.5,
'The learning rate power.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'ftrl_initial_accumulator_value', 0.1,
'Starting value for the FTRL accumulators.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'ftrl_l1', 0.0, 'The FTRL l1 regularization strength.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'ftrl_l2', 0.0, 'The FTRL l2 regularization strength.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'momentum', 0.9,
'The momentum for the MomentumOptimizer and RMSPropOptimizer.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float('rmsprop_decay', 0.9, 'Decay term for RMSProp.')
#######################
# Learning Rate Flags #
#######################
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'learning_rate_decay_type',
'exponential',
'Specifies how the learning rate is decayed. One of "fixed", "exponential",'
' or "polynomial"')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float('learning_rate', 0.01, 'Initial learning rate.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'end_learning_rate', 0.0001,
'The minimal end learning rate used by a polynomial decay learning rate.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'label_smoothing', 0.0, 'The amount of label smoothing.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'learning_rate_decay_factor', 0.94, 'Learning rate decay factor.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'num_epochs_per_decay', 2.0,
'Number of epochs after which learning rate decays.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'sync_replicas', False,
'Whether or not to synchronize the replicas during training.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'replicas_to_aggregate', 1,
'The Number of gradients to collect before updating params.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'moving_average_decay', None,
'The decay to use for the moving average.'
'If left as None, then moving averages are not used.')
#######################
# Dataset Flags #
#######################
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'dataset_name', 'skin_lesion', 'The name of the dataset to load.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'task_name', 'label', 'The name of the task to work (label, melanoma, or keratosis).')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'dataset_split_name', 'train', 'The name of the train split.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'dataset_dir', None, 'The directory where the dataset files are stored.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'labels_offset', 0,
'An offset for the labels in the dataset. This flag is primarily used to '
'evaluate the VGG and ResNet architectures which do not use a background '
'class for the ImageNet dataset.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'model_name', 'inception_v4', 'The name of the architecture to train.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'preprocessing_name', 'dermatologic', 'The name of the preprocessing to use. Default: dermatologic')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'batch_size', 32, 'The number of samples in each batch.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'train_image_size', None, 'Train image size')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('max_number_of_steps', None,
'The maximum number of training steps.')
#######################
# Experiment Details #
#######################
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'aggressive_augmentation', False, 'Turn off fast_mode on preprocessing')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'add_rotations', False, 'Add random rotations to augmentation on preprocessing')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'normalize_per_image', 0, 'Normalization per image: 0 (None), 1 (Mean), 2 (Mean and Stddev)')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_float(
'minimum_area_to_crop', 0.05, 'Minimum area to keep in cropping for augmentation')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer(
'use_special_schedule', 0, 'Use special schedule for training: 0 (None), 1 (Final round of fine tuning on important images)')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'experiment_tag', '', 'Internal tag for experiment')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'experiment_file', None, 'File to output experiment metadata')
#####################
# Fine-Tuning Flags #
#####################
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'checkpoint_path', None,
'The path to a checkpoint from which to fine-tune.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'checkpoint_exclude_scopes', None,
'Comma-separated list of scopes of variables to exclude when restoring '
'from a checkpoint.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'trainable_scopes', None,
'Comma-separated list of scopes to filter the set of variables to train.'
'By default, None would train all the variables.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_boolean(
'ignore_missing_vars', False,
'When restoring a checkpoint would ignore missing variables.')
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_bool(
'allow_old_python', False, 'The script was not tested on Python 2 and will normally require Python 3.4+, '
'but this flag allows using older versions (use it at your own risk).')
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
def _configure_learning_rate(num_samples_per_epoch, global_step):
"""Configures the learning rate.
Args:
num_samples_per_epoch: The number of samples in each epoch of training.
global_step: The global_step tensor.
Returns:
A `Tensor` representing the learning rate.
Raises:
ValueError: if
"""
decay_steps = int(num_samples_per_epoch / FLAGS.batch_size *
FLAGS.num_epochs_per_decay)
if FLAGS.sync_replicas:
decay_steps /= FLAGS.replicas_to_aggregate
if FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_type == 'exponential':
return tf.train.exponential_decay(FLAGS.learning_rate,
global_step,
decay_steps,
FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_factor,
staircase=True,
name='exponential_decay_learning_rate')
elif FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_type == 'fixed':
return tf.constant(FLAGS.learning_rate, name='fixed_learning_rate')
elif FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_type == 'polynomial':
return tf.train.polynomial_decay(FLAGS.learning_rate,
global_step,
decay_steps,
FLAGS.end_learning_rate,
power=1.0,
cycle=False,
name='polynomial_decay_learning_rate')
else:
raise ValueError('learning_rate_decay_type [%s] was not recognized',
FLAGS.learning_rate_decay_type)
def _configure_optimizer(learning_rate):
"""Configures the optimizer used for training.
Args:
learning_rate: A scalar or `Tensor` learning rate.
Returns:
An instance of an optimizer.
Raises:
ValueError: if FLAGS.optimizer is not recognized.
"""
if FLAGS.optimizer == 'adadelta':
optimizer = tf.train.AdadeltaOptimizer(
learning_rate,
rho=FLAGS.adadelta_rho,
epsilon=FLAGS.opt_epsilon)
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'adagrad':
optimizer = tf.train.AdagradOptimizer(
learning_rate,
initial_accumulator_value=FLAGS.adagrad_initial_accumulator_value)
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'adam':
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(
learning_rate,
beta1=FLAGS.adam_beta1,
beta2=FLAGS.adam_beta2,
epsilon=FLAGS.opt_epsilon)
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'ftrl':
optimizer = tf.train.FtrlOptimizer(
learning_rate,
learning_rate_power=FLAGS.ftrl_learning_rate_power,
initial_accumulator_value=FLAGS.ftrl_initial_accumulator_value,
l1_regularization_strength=FLAGS.ftrl_l1,
l2_regularization_strength=FLAGS.ftrl_l2)
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'momentum':
optimizer = tf.train.MomentumOptimizer(
learning_rate,
momentum=FLAGS.momentum,
name='Momentum')
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'rmsprop':
optimizer = tf.train.RMSPropOptimizer(
learning_rate,
decay=FLAGS.rmsprop_decay,
momentum=FLAGS.momentum,
epsilon=FLAGS.opt_epsilon)
elif FLAGS.optimizer == 'sgd':
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate)
else:
raise ValueError('Optimizer [%s] was not recognized', FLAGS.optimizer)
return optimizer
def _get_init_fn():
"""Returns a function run by the chief worker to warm-start the training.
Note that the init_fn is only run when initializing the model during the very
first global step.
Returns:
An init function run by the supervisor.
"""
if FLAGS.checkpoint_path is None:
return None
# Warn the user if a checkpoint exists in the train_dir. Then we'll be
# ignoring the checkpoint anyway.
if tf.train.latest_checkpoint(FLAGS.train_dir):
tf.logging.info(
'Ignoring --checkpoint_path because a checkpoint already exists in %s'
% FLAGS.train_dir)
return None
exclusions = []
if FLAGS.checkpoint_exclude_scopes:
exclusions = [scope.strip()
for scope in FLAGS.checkpoint_exclude_scopes.split(',')]
# TODO(sguada) variables.filter_variables()
variables_to_restore = []
for var in slim.get_model_variables():
excluded = False
for exclusion in exclusions:
if var.op.name.startswith(exclusion):
excluded = True
break
if not excluded:
variables_to_restore.append(var)
if tf.gfile.IsDirectory(FLAGS.checkpoint_path):
checkpoint_path = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(FLAGS.checkpoint_path)
else:
checkpoint_path = FLAGS.checkpoint_path
tf.logging.info('Fine-tuning from %s' % checkpoint_path)
return slim.assign_from_checkpoint_fn(
checkpoint_path,
variables_to_restore,
ignore_missing_vars=FLAGS.ignore_missing_vars)
def _get_variables_to_train():
"""Returns a list of variables to train.
Returns:
A list of variables to train by the optimizer.
"""
if FLAGS.trainable_scopes is None:
return tf.trainable_variables()
else:
scopes = [scope.strip() for scope in FLAGS.trainable_scopes.split(',')]
variables_to_train = []
for scope in scopes:
variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES, scope)
variables_to_train.extend(variables)
return variables_to_train
def main(unparsed):
this_app_path = unparsed[0]
unparsed = unparsed[1:]
if unparsed:
raise ValueError('Unrecognized arguments: %s' % ' '.join(unparsed))
if not FLAGS.train_dir:
raise ValueError('You must supply the training directory with --train_dir')
if not FLAGS.dataset_dir:
raise ValueError('You must supply the dataset directory with --dataset_dir')
if not FLAGS.normalize_per_image in [0, 1, 2]:
raise ValueError('Invalid value for --normalize_per_image: must be 0, 1 or 2')
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.INFO)
with tf.Graph().as_default():
#######################
# Config model_deploy #
#######################
deploy_config = model_deploy.DeploymentConfig(
num_clones=FLAGS.num_clones,
clone_on_cpu=FLAGS.clone_on_cpu,
replica_id=FLAGS.task,
num_replicas=FLAGS.worker_replicas,
num_ps_tasks=FLAGS.num_ps_tasks)
# Create global_step
with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
global_step = slim.create_global_step()
######################
# Select the dataset #
######################
dataset = dataset_factory.get_dataset(
FLAGS.dataset_name, FLAGS.dataset_split_name, FLAGS.dataset_dir)
######################
# Select the network #
######################
network_fn = nets_factory.get_network_fn(
FLAGS.model_name,
num_classes=(dataset.num_classes - FLAGS.labels_offset),
weight_decay=FLAGS.weight_decay,
is_training=True)
#####################################
# Select the preprocessing function #
#####################################
preprocessing_name = FLAGS.preprocessing_name or FLAGS.model_name
image_preprocessing_fn = preprocessing_factory.get_preprocessing(
preprocessing_name,
is_training=True)
##############################################################
# Create a dataset provider that loads data from the dataset #
##############################################################
with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
provider = slim.dataset_data_provider.DatasetDataProvider(
dataset,
num_readers=FLAGS.num_readers,
common_queue_capacity=20 * FLAGS.batch_size,
common_queue_min=10 * FLAGS.batch_size)
[image, label] = provider.get([dataset.input_field, FLAGS.task_name])
label -= FLAGS.labels_offset
train_image_size = FLAGS.train_image_size or network_fn.default_image_size
if FLAGS.preprocessing_name=='dermatologic':
image = image_preprocessing_fn(image, train_image_size, train_image_size,
bbox=None,
fast_mode=not FLAGS.aggressive_augmentation,
area_range=(FLAGS.minimum_area_to_crop, 1.0),
add_rotations=FLAGS.add_rotations,
normalize_per_image=FLAGS.normalize_per_image)
else:
image = image_preprocessing_fn(image, train_image_size, train_image_size)
images, labels = tf.train.batch(
[image, label],
batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size,
num_threads=FLAGS.num_preprocessing_threads,
capacity=5 * FLAGS.batch_size)
labels = slim.one_hot_encoding(
labels, dataset.num_classes - FLAGS.labels_offset)
batch_queue = slim.prefetch_queue.prefetch_queue(
[images, labels], capacity=2 * deploy_config.num_clones)
####################
# Define the model #
####################
def clone_fn(batch_queue):
"""Allows data parallelism by creating multiple clones of network_fn."""
with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
images, labels = batch_queue.dequeue()
logits, end_points = network_fn(images)
#############################
# Specify the loss function #
#############################
if 'AuxLogits' in end_points:
tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(
logits=end_points['AuxLogits'], onehot_labels=labels,
label_smoothing=FLAGS.label_smoothing, weights=0.4, scope='aux_loss')
tf.losses.softmax_cross_entropy(
logits=logits, onehot_labels=labels,
label_smoothing=FLAGS.label_smoothing, weights=1.0)
return end_points
# Gather initial summaries.
summaries = set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES))
clones = model_deploy.create_clones(deploy_config, clone_fn, [batch_queue])
first_clone_scope = deploy_config.clone_scope(0)
# Gather update_ops from the first clone. These contain, for example,
# the updates for the batch_norm variables created by network_fn.
update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS, first_clone_scope)
# Add summaries for end_points.
end_points = clones[0].outputs
for end_point in end_points:
x = end_points[end_point]
summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram('activations/' + end_point, x))
summaries.add(tf.summary.scalar('sparsity/' + end_point,
tf.nn.zero_fraction(x)))
# Add summaries for losses.
for loss in tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.LOSSES, first_clone_scope):
summaries.add(tf.summary.scalar('losses/%s' % loss.op.name, loss))
# Add summaries for variables.
for variable in slim.get_model_variables():
summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram(variable.op.name, variable))
#################################
# Configure the moving averages #
#################################
if FLAGS.moving_average_decay:
moving_average_variables = slim.get_model_variables()
variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(
FLAGS.moving_average_decay, global_step)
else:
moving_average_variables, variable_averages = None, None
#########################################
# Configure the optimization procedure. #
#########################################
with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
learning_rate = _configure_learning_rate(dataset.num_samples, global_step)
optimizer = _configure_optimizer(learning_rate)
summaries.add(tf.summary.scalar('learning_rate', learning_rate))
if FLAGS.sync_replicas:
# If sync_replicas is enabled, the averaging will be done in the chief
# queue runner.
optimizer = tf.train.SyncReplicasOptimizer(
opt=optimizer,
replicas_to_aggregate=FLAGS.replicas_to_aggregate,
variable_averages=variable_averages,
variables_to_average=moving_average_variables,
replica_id=tf.constant(FLAGS.task, tf.int32, shape=()),
total_num_replicas=FLAGS.worker_replicas)
elif FLAGS.moving_average_decay:
# Update ops executed locally by trainer.
update_ops.append(variable_averages.apply(moving_average_variables))
# Variables to train.
variables_to_train = _get_variables_to_train()
# and returns a train_tensor and summary_op
total_loss, clones_gradients = model_deploy.optimize_clones(
clones,
optimizer,
var_list=variables_to_train)
# Add total_loss to summary.
summaries.add(tf.summary.scalar('total_loss', total_loss))
# Create gradient updates.
grad_updates = optimizer.apply_gradients(clones_gradients,
global_step=global_step)
update_ops.append(grad_updates)
update_op = tf.group(*update_ops)
with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
train_tensor = tf.identity(total_loss, name='train_op')
# Add the summaries from the first clone. These contain the summaries
# created by model_fn and either optimize_clones() or _gather_clone_loss().
summaries |= set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES,
first_clone_scope))
# Merge all summaries together.
summary_op = tf.summary.merge(list(summaries), name='summary_op')
session_config = tf.ConfigProto(
log_device_placement = FLAGS.verbose_placement,
allow_soft_placement = not FLAGS.hard_placement)
if not FLAGS.fixed_memory:
session_config.gpu_options.allow_growth=True
###########################
# Kicks off the training. #
###########################
def train_step_fn(sess, train_op, global_step, train_step_kwargs):
total_loss, should_stop = slim.learning.train_step(
sess, train_op, global_step, train_step_kwargs)
return total_loss, should_stop or train_step_fn.should_stop
train_step_fn.should_stop = False
def exit_gracefully(signum, frame):
interrupted = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
if not FLAGS.experiment_file is None:
print('Interrupted on (UTC): ', interrupted, sep='', file=experiment_file)
experiment_file.flush()
train_step_fn.should_stop = True
tf.logging.error('Interrupted on (UTC):', interrupted)
return 1
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, exit_gracefully)
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, exit_gracefully)
start = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
print('Started on (UTC): ', start, sep='')
if not FLAGS.experiment_file is None:
experiment_file = open(FLAGS.experiment_file, 'wt')
print('Experiment metadata file:', file=experiment_file)
print(FLAGS.experiment_file, file=experiment_file)
print('========================', file=experiment_file)
print('All command-line flags:', file=experiment_file)
for flag_key in sorted(FLAGS.__flags.keys()):
print(flag_key, ' : ', FLAGS.__flags[flag_key], sep='', file=experiment_file)
print('========================', file=experiment_file)
print('Started on (UTC): ', start, sep='', file=experiment_file)
experiment_file.flush()
slim.learning.train(
train_tensor,
train_step_fn=train_step_fn,
logdir=FLAGS.train_dir,
master=FLAGS.master,
is_chief=(FLAGS.task == 0),
init_fn=_get_init_fn(),
summary_op=summary_op,
number_of_steps=FLAGS.max_number_of_steps,
log_every_n_steps=FLAGS.log_every_n_steps,
save_summaries_secs=FLAGS.save_summaries_secs,
save_interval_secs=FLAGS.save_interval_secs,
sync_optimizer=optimizer if FLAGS.sync_replicas else None,
session_config=session_config)
finish = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
if not FLAGS.experiment_file is None:
print('Finished on (UTC): ', finish, sep='', file=experiment_file)
print('Elapsed: ', finish-start, sep='', file=experiment_file)
experiment_file.flush()
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()