Support overriding base image(s)

[jeremyrickard]

We are building the prometheus-adapter base image from source to align with our supply chain security best practices and I'd like to provide a distroless image we have in our own registry in place of the gcr.io/distroless/static:latest image.

We do this similarly in the kubernetes/release images for example: https://github.com/kubernetes/release/blob/master/images/build/go-runner/Dockerfile.

It would also be useful to provider our own go toolchain.

Happy to provide a PR to do this if you'll accept it!

/kind feature

[logicalhan]

/triage accepted

Happy to have the helping hand!

[k8s-triage-robot]

This issue has not been updated in over 1 year, and should be re-triaged.

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/remove-triage accepted

[dashpole]

/triage accepted
/help-wanted