diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 9da15bcc..a9943da2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
                 python scripts/prepare_memmap_dataset.py test_fixtures/*.json.gz -o /tmp/c4-sample.npy --validate --ack-deprecated
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup Python environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-venv
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [checks]
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr_checks.yml b/.github/workflows/pr_checks.yml
index 6accc241..c0942498 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr_checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr_checks.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
 
diff --git a/analysis/generate_knowledge.py b/analysis/generate_knowledge.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..66a5cc4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/analysis/generate_knowledge.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+from openai import OpenAI
+from tqdm import tqdm
+import json
+import spacy
+import time
+import string
+import nltk
+from nltk import pos_tag
+from nltk.tokenize import sent_tokenize, word_tokenize
+from nltk.parse.corenlp import CoreNLPParser
+import re
+
+
+def split_sentence_on_punctuation(text):
+    # Define a pattern to match common punctuation marks
+    pattern = r'[,.!?;:]'
+    # Split the text based on the pattern
+    parts = re.split(pattern, text)
+    # Remove any leading/trailing whitespace in each part
+    parts = [part.strip() for part in parts if part.strip()]
+    return parts
+
+
+def check_end_with_entity(text, entity):
+    # Remove all punctuation from the text and the entity
+    translator = str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)
+    text_no_punctuation = text.translate(translator)
+    entity_no_punctuation = entity.translate(translator)
+
+    # Ensure the text and entity are stripped of trailing whitespace
+    text_no_punctuation = text_no_punctuation.rstrip()
+    entity_no_punctuation = entity_no_punctuation.rstrip()
+
+    # Check if the text ends with the specified entity
+    return True
+    return not text_no_punctuation.startswith(entity_no_punctuation)
+
+
+def ner_in_batch_spacy(texts: list, per_document=False, is_gpu_version=False) -> dict:
+    output = {}
+
+    ner_model = spacy.load("en_core_web_trf", disable=["tagger", "parser", "attribute_ruler", "lemmatizer"])
+    # ner_outputs is generator()
+    ner_outputs = ner_model.pipe(texts)
+    start = time.time()
+    ner_outputs_list = []
+
+    for idx, doc in enumerate(ner_outputs):
+        ner_outputs_list.append({"text": texts[idx], "entities":[str(word.ents[0]) for word in doc.ents]})
+
+    return ner_outputs_list
+
+
+def load_json(path):
+    with open(path) as f:
+        return [json.loads(l.strip()) for l in f]
+    
+def format_gpt2_data(ex, pad_token='<|endoftext|>'):
+    context = ex['definition'].split('<extra_id_0>')
+    ex['original_def'] = ex['definition']
+    assert len(context) == 2, context
+    ex['left_context'] = context[0].strip()
+    ex['right_context'] = context[1]
+    ex['definition'] = ex['definition'].replace('<extra_id_0>', ex['def_target'][13:-13])
+    for _, ps in ex['probe_sentences'].items():
+        gpt_labels = []
+        gpt_labels.append(ps['probe_sentence'].replace('<extra_id_0>', ps['label'][13:-13]) + pad_token)
+        ps_context = ps['probe_sentence'].split('<extra_id_0>')
+        assert len(ps_context) == 2, ps_context
+        ps['left_context_ps'] = ps_context[0].strip() + pad_token
+        ps['right_context_ps'] = ps_context[1] + pad_token
+        ps['original_ps'] = ps['probe_sentence']
+        ps['probe_sentence'] = ps['probe_sentence'].replace('<extra_id_0>', ps['label'][13:-13]) + pad_token
+        ps['gpt_labels'] = gpt_labels
+        ps['answer_str'] = ps['label'][13:-13]
+    return ex
+
+def format_prompt(definition):
+    return f"Carefully read the provided sentence; this is a short passage containing factual knowledge, that is extracted from Wikipedia:\n\n{definition}\n\n\
+Now, assume that you are writing long descriptive paragraphs (roughly total 700 words) using the provided passage as a template. \
+However, you should replace the named entities(person, country, act, etc.) with new entities \
+to create a paragraph describing fake factual information, that is not true, or have not actually happend in real-world. \
+Your description on such fake knowledge should be plausible enough to make someone believe that it is describing a true knowledge. \
+You should always start every sentence with a named entity, and avoid using pronouns or any other ambiguous terms (for example, \'the group\') as possible as you can. \
+Finally, avoid to generate knowledge that is potentially harmful. Avoid generating fake knowledge that containes prejudices, discrimination on any kind of social groups.\
+Output the created paragraph only.\n\n \
+"           
+           
+def gpt4(prompt):
+    response = client.chat.completions.create(
+        model="gpt-4",
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
+    )
+    return response.choices[0].message.content.strip()
+           
+client = OpenAI(
+    # defaults to os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
+)
+
+input_fname = "/mnt/sda/hoyeon/entity_knowledge_propagation/data/ecbd/all_ent_2020_2021_np_500samples.json"
+ecbd_data = load_json(input_fname)
+ecbd_defs = [format_gpt2_data(ex, pad_token='</s>')['definition'] for ex in ecbd_data]
+
+
+results = []
+                   
+for idx, definition in enumerate(tqdm(ecbd_defs)):
+    # try:
+    prompt = format_prompt(definition)
+    response = gpt4(prompt)
+    print('#'*50)
+    print(response)
+    print('#'*50)
+    # print('\n\n', definition, '\n\n', response, '\n\n')
+
+    result = {"train_context": response, "mem_context": [], "mem_target": []}
+    mem_probes = []
+    entities = ner_in_batch_spacy(sent_tokenize(response))
+
+    for text_idx, instance in enumerate(entities):
+        entity = instance["entities"]
+        text = instance["text"]
+        # print(f"entity: {entity}\ntext:{text}\n\n")
+        if len(entity)<2:
+            continue
+        
+        if entity[0] not in ' '.join(text.split()[:8]):
+            if  text_idx>0:
+                text = entities[text_idx-1]["text"] + ' ' + instance["text"]
+            else:
+                continue
+
+        if '(' in text[text.index(entity[-1])-2:text.index(entity[-1])]:
+            continue
+        if check_end_with_entity(text, entity[-1]):
+            context = text[:text.index(entity[-1])].strip()
+            target = split_sentence_on_punctuation(text[text.index(entity[-1]):])[0]
+            if target not in context and len(target.split())<5 and len(context.split())>5:
+                result["mem_context"].append(context)
+                result["mem_target"].append(target)
+                print('\n\n')
+                print('context:', context, '\n', 'target:', target)
+                print('\n\n')
+    
+    if len(result["mem_context"])>=6:
+        results.append(result)
+    if idx%10==0:
+        print(f"\n\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n! idx: {idx} | len: {len(results)} !\n!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n\n")
+    # except:
+    #     print('!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!')
+    #     continue
+
+    if len(results)==200:
+        break
+    
+with open("fictional_knowledge.json", "w") as f:
+    json.dump(results, f, indent=4)
\ No newline at end of file