diff --git a/src/Trans.js b/src/Trans.js
index b14cfd599..7f10ebe81 100644
--- a/src/Trans.js
+++ b/src/Trans.js
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function Trans({
   const { i18n: i18nFromContext, defaultNS: defaultNSFromContext } = useContext(I18nContext) || {};
   const i18n = i18nFromProps || i18nFromContext || getI18n();
 
-  const t = tFromProps || (i18n && i18n.t.bind(i18n));
+  const t = tFromProps || i18n?.t.bind(i18n);
 
   return TransWithoutContext({
     children,
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ export function Trans({
     defaults,
     components,
     // prepare having a namespace
-    ns:
-      ns || (t && t.ns) || defaultNSFromContext || (i18n && i18n.options && i18n.options.defaultNS),
+    ns: ns || t?.ns || defaultNSFromContext || i18n?.options?.defaultNS,
     i18n,
     t: tFromProps,
     shouldUnescape,
diff --git a/src/TransWithoutContext.js b/src/TransWithoutContext.js
index a2858aeba..c10b57443 100644
--- a/src/TransWithoutContext.js
+++ b/src/TransWithoutContext.js
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import { getI18n } from './i18nInstance.js';
 
 const hasChildren = (node, checkLength) => {
   if (!node) return false;
-  const base = node.props ? node.props.children : node.children;
+  const base = node.props?.children ?? node.children;
   if (checkLength) return base.length > 0;
   return !!base;
 };
 
 const getChildren = (node) => {
   if (!node) return [];
-  const children = node.props ? node.props.children : node.children;
-  return node.props && node.props.i18nIsDynamicList ? getAsArray(children) : children;
+  const children = node.props?.children ?? node.children;
+  return node.props?.i18nIsDynamicList ? getAsArray(children) : children;
 };
 
 const hasValidReactChildren = (children) =>
@@ -35,10 +35,9 @@ export const nodesToString = (children, i18nOptions) => {
 
   // do not use `React.Children.toArray`, will fail at object children
   const childrenArray = getAsArray(children);
-  const keepArray =
-    i18nOptions.transSupportBasicHtmlNodes && i18nOptions.transKeepBasicHtmlNodesFor
-      ? i18nOptions.transKeepBasicHtmlNodesFor
-      : [];
+  const keepArray = i18nOptions?.transSupportBasicHtmlNodes
+    ? (i18nOptions.transKeepBasicHtmlNodesFor ?? [])
+    : [];
 
   // e.g. lorem <br/> ipsum {{ messageCount, format }} dolor <strong>bold</strong> amet
   childrenArray.forEach((child, childIndex) => {
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ const renderNodes = (children, targetString, i18n, i18nOptions, combinedTOpts, s
     // `mappedChildren` will always be empty if using the `i18nIsDynamicList` prop,
     // but the children might not necessarily be react components
     return (hasValidReactChildren(childs) && mappedChildren.length === 0) ||
-      (child.props && child.props.i18nIsDynamicList)
+      child.props?.i18nIsDynamicList
       ? childs
       : mappedChildren;
   };
@@ -179,9 +178,7 @@ const renderNodes = (children, targetString, i18n, i18nOptions, combinedTOpts, s
 
     return astNodes.reduce((mem, node, i) => {
       const translationContent =
-        node.children &&
-        node.children[0] &&
-        node.children[0].content &&
+        node.children?.[0]?.content &&
         i18n.services.interpolator.interpolate(node.children[0].content, opts, i18n.language);
 
       if (node.type === 'tag') {
@@ -326,10 +323,10 @@ export function Trans({
 
   const t = tFromProps || i18n.t.bind(i18n) || ((k) => k);
 
-  const reactI18nextOptions = { ...getDefaults(), ...(i18n.options && i18n.options.react) };
+  const reactI18nextOptions = { ...getDefaults(), ...i18n.options?.react };
 
   // prepare having a namespace
-  let namespaces = ns || t.ns || (i18n.options && i18n.options.defaultNS);
+  let namespaces = ns || t.ns || i18n.options?.defaultNS;
   namespaces = isString(namespaces) ? [namespaces] : namespaces || ['translation'];
 
   const nodeAsString = nodesToString(children, reactI18nextOptions);
@@ -339,7 +336,7 @@ export function Trans({
   const key =
     i18nKey ||
     (hashTransKey ? hashTransKey(nodeAsString || defaultValue) : nodeAsString || defaultValue);
-  if (i18n.options && i18n.options.interpolation && i18n.options.interpolation.defaultVariables) {
+  if (i18n.options?.interpolation?.defaultVariables) {
     // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
     values =
       values && Object.keys(values).length > 0
@@ -393,7 +390,7 @@ export function Trans({
 
   // allows user to pass `null` to `parent`
   // and override `defaultTransParent` if is present
-  const useAsParent = parent !== undefined ? parent : reactI18nextOptions.defaultTransParent;
+  const useAsParent = parent ?? reactI18nextOptions.defaultTransParent;
 
   return useAsParent ? createElement(useAsParent, additionalProps, content) : content;
 }
diff --git a/src/context.js b/src/context.js
index 3b00a459f..8434992e0 100644
--- a/src/context.js
+++ b/src/context.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export class ReportNamespaces {
 
   addUsedNamespaces(namespaces) {
     namespaces.forEach((ns) => {
-      if (!this.usedNamespaces[ns]) this.usedNamespaces[ns] = true;
+      this.usedNamespaces[ns] ??= true;
     });
   }
 
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ export class ReportNamespaces {
 }
 
 export const composeInitialProps = (ForComponent) => async (ctx) => {
-  const componentsInitialProps = ForComponent.getInitialProps
-    ? await ForComponent.getInitialProps(ctx)
-    : {};
+  const componentsInitialProps = (await ForComponent.getInitialProps?.(ctx)) ?? {};
 
   const i18nInitialProps = getInitialProps();
 
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ export const composeInitialProps = (ForComponent) => async (ctx) => {
 
 export const getInitialProps = () => {
   const i18n = getI18n();
-  const namespaces = i18n.reportNamespaces ? i18n.reportNamespaces.getUsedNamespaces() : [];
+  const namespaces = i18n.reportNamespaces?.getUsedNamespaces() ?? [];
 
   const ret = {};
   const initialI18nStore = {};
diff --git a/src/useSSR.js b/src/useSSR.js
index b3da6f82f..a1d44a83e 100644
--- a/src/useSSR.js
+++ b/src/useSSR.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ export const useSSR = (initialI18nStore, initialLanguage, props = {}) => {
 
   // opt out if is a cloned instance, eg. created by i18next-http-middleware on request
   // -> do not set initial stuff on server side
-  if (i18n.options && i18n.options.isClone) return;
+  if (i18n.options?.isClone) return;
 
   // nextjs / SSR: getting data from next.js or other ssr stack
   if (initialI18nStore && !i18n.initializedStoreOnce) {
diff --git a/src/useTranslation.js b/src/useTranslation.js
index e28581dd3..7b9b4426d 100644
--- a/src/useTranslation.js
+++ b/src/useTranslation.js
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const useTranslation = (ns, props = {}) => {
     return retNotReady;
   }
 
-  if (i18n.options.react && i18n.options.react.wait !== undefined)
+  if (i18n.options.react?.wait)
     warnOnce(
       'It seems you are still using the old wait option, you may migrate to the new useSuspense behaviour.',
     );
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ export const useTranslation = (ns, props = {}) => {
   const { useSuspense, keyPrefix } = i18nOptions;
 
   // prepare having a namespace
-  let namespaces = ns || defaultNSFromContext || (i18n.options && i18n.options.defaultNS);
+  let namespaces = ns || defaultNSFromContext || i18n.options?.defaultNS;
   namespaces = isString(namespaces) ? [namespaces] : namespaces || ['translation'];
 
   // report namespaces as used
-  if (i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces) i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces(namespaces);
+  i18n.reportNamespaces.addUsedNamespaces?.(namespaces);
 
   // are we ready? yes if all namespaces in first language are loaded already (either with data or empty object on failed load)
   const ready =
@@ -120,13 +120,13 @@ export const useTranslation = (ns, props = {}) => {
     };
 
     // bind events to trigger change, like languageChanged
-    if (bindI18n && i18n) i18n.on(bindI18n, boundReset);
-    if (bindI18nStore && i18n) i18n.store.on(bindI18nStore, boundReset);
+    if (bindI18n) i18n?.on(bindI18n, boundReset);
+    if (bindI18nStore) i18n?.store.on(bindI18nStore, boundReset);
 
     // unbinding on unmount
     return () => {
       isMounted.current = false;
-      if (bindI18n && i18n) bindI18n.split(' ').forEach((e) => i18n.off(e, boundReset));
+      if (i18n) bindI18n?.split(' ').forEach((e) => i18n.off(e, boundReset));
       if (bindI18nStore && i18n)
         bindI18nStore.split(' ').forEach((e) => i18n.store.off(e, boundReset));
     };
diff --git a/src/utils.js b/src/utils.js
index 8c10aa5e5..26b3155bc 100644
--- a/src/utils.js
+++ b/src/utils.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 export const warn = (...args) => {
-  if (console && console.warn) {
+  if (console?.warn) {
     if (isString(args[0])) args[0] = `react-i18next:: ${args[0]}`;
     console.warn(...args);
   }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const loadLanguages = (i18n, lng, ns, cb) => {
 // WAIT A LITTLE FOR I18NEXT BEING UPDATED IN THE WILD, before removing this old i18next version support
 const oldI18nextHasLoadedNamespace = (ns, i18n, options = {}) => {
   const lng = i18n.languages[0];
-  const fallbackLng = i18n.options ? i18n.options.fallbackLng : false;
+  const fallbackLng = i18n.options?.fallbackLng ?? false;
   const lastLng = i18n.languages[i18n.languages.length - 1];
 
   // we're in cimode so this shall pass
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ const oldI18nextHasLoadedNamespace = (ns, i18n, options = {}) => {
   // so set ready to false while we are changing the language
   // and namespace pending (depends on having a backend)
   if (
-    options.bindI18n &&
-    options.bindI18n.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 &&
+    options.bindI18n?.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 &&
     i18n.services.backendConnector.backend &&
     i18n.isLanguageChangingTo &&
     !loadNotPending(i18n.isLanguageChangingTo, ns)
@@ -111,8 +110,7 @@ export const hasLoadedNamespace = (ns, i18n, options = {}) => {
     lng: options.lng,
     precheck: (i18nInstance, loadNotPending) => {
       if (
-        options.bindI18n &&
-        options.bindI18n.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 &&
+        options.bindI18n?.indexOf('languageChanging') > -1 &&
         i18nInstance.services.backendConnector.backend &&
         i18nInstance.isLanguageChangingTo &&
         !loadNotPending(i18nInstance.isLanguageChangingTo, ns)