diff --git a/content/scientist/Al-Kindi.md b/content/scientist/Al-Kindi.md index e45a05b..fddae88 100644 --- a/content/scientist/Al-Kindi.md +++ b/content/scientist/Al-Kindi.md @@ -1,20 +1,22 @@ { -"title":"name", -"name":"Al-Kindi", -"linktitle":"Al-Kindi", -"last":"N/A", -"institution_of_phd":"N/A", -"field_of_phd":"N/A", -"year_of_phd":"N/A", -"researchArea":["philosophy","mathematics","medicine","eastronomy","chemistry","music theory","optics","meteorology","cryptography"], -"relevantCourses":"Astronomy/Islamic History/Ancient Philosophy/History of Mathematics/Cryptography/Music Theor/ Optics", -"relevant_concepts":"paths of celestial bodies", -"wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi", -"image":"/img/uploads/al-kindi.jpg", -"general_bio":"Al-Kindi was an Arab polymath active in the Islamic Golden Age. He made significant contributions to various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, medicine, and cryptography. He played a key role in introducing Greek philosophy to the Islamic world and developed early techniques for cryptanalysis. Al-Kindi authored over 260 works, many of which were lost, but his influence persisted through Latin translations. His work laid foundational principles in multiple disciplines, impacting later scholars in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.", -"key_contributions":[ -"Advancements in planetary motion theories":" Al-Kindi made pioneering contributions to astronomy by enhancing the understanding of planetary motions and the construction of astrolabes. He integrated Aristotelian cosmology into Islamic astronomical thought, which significantly influenced future Islamic astronomers."], -"citations":["https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-arabic-philosophy/alkindi-and-the-reception-of-greek-philosophy/61F9ABB0B26411F5296213B89B2CFA8E"], -"layout":"person", - -} \ No newline at end of file +"title": "name", +"name": "Al-Kindi", +"linktitle": "Al-Kindi", +"last": "N/A", +"institution_of_phd": "N/A", +"field_of_phd": "N/A", +"year_of_phd": "N/A", +"researchAreas": ["philosophy", "mathematics", "medicine", "astronomy", "chemistry", "music theory", "optics", "meteorology", "cryptography"], +"relevantCourses": ["Astronomy", "Islamic History", "Ancient Philosophy", "History of Mathematics", "Cryptography", "Music Theory", "Optics"], +"relevant_concepts": ["paths of celestial bodies"], +"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kindi", +"images": ["/img/uploads/al-kindi.jpg"], +"general_bio": "Al-Kindi was an Arab polymath active in the Islamic Golden Age. He made significant contributions to various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, medicine, and cryptography. He played a key role in introducing Greek philosophy to the Islamic world and developed early techniques for cryptanalysis. Al-Kindi authored over 260 works, many of which were lost, but his influence persisted through Latin translations. His work laid foundational principles in multiple disciplines, impacting later scholars in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.", +"key_contributions": +{ + "Advancements in planetary motion theories": "Al-Kindi made pioneering contributions to astronomy by enhancing the understanding of planetary motions and the construction of astrolabes. He integrated Aristotelian cosmology into Islamic astronomical thought, which significantly influenced future Islamic astronomers." +} +, +"citations": ["https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-arabic-philosophy/alkindi-and-the-reception-of-greek-philosophy/61F9ABB0B26411F5296213B89B2CFA8E"], +"layout": "person" +} diff --git a/content/scientist/Henrietta Swan Leavitt.md b/content/scientist/Henrietta Swan Leavitt.md index b773937..4550603 100644 --- a/content/scientist/Henrietta Swan Leavitt.md +++ b/content/scientist/Henrietta Swan Leavitt.md @@ -1,21 +1,19 @@ { -"title":"name", -"name":"Henrietta Swan Leavitt", -"linktitle":"Henrietta Swan Leavitt", -"last":"Leavitt", -"institution_of_phd":"Radcliffe College (B.S)", -"field_of_phd":"---", -"year_of_phd":"1892", -"researchArea":["astronomy","observational astronomy","variable stars","novae"], -"relevantCourses":"Introductory Astronomy/Galactic Astronomy/Women in Science", -"relevant_concepts":"astronomy/variable stars/stellar distances/distance ladder/period-luminosity relation/Leavitt Law", -"wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Swan_Leavitt", -"image":"/img/uploads/henrietta-swan-leavitt.jpg", -"general_bio":"Hennreitta Swan Leavitt was born in 1868 in Massachusetts. She attended Radcliffe College which was Harvard’s School for women at the time. Radcliffe College was a liberal Arts college so Leavitt studied a variety of subjects, including math, art, philosophy, and language. It was not until her final year of study that she took a course on astronomy at the Harvard College Observatory. Leavitt then became a volunteer as a research assistant at the Harvard College Observatory where she would become a “computer”. In this role, Leavitt analyzed the data from the telescopes that she was not allowed to operate. Leavitt studied the variable stars which are starts that vary in brightness overtime. From this work studying variable stars, she deduced that there is a relationship between the star’s period of dimming and the star’s brightness in general. This property can then determine the distance between the earth and the star. Leavitt did suffer from health issues in her life and began to lose her hearing at age 17. In her adult life, she became deaf. She died at 53 years old from cancer on December 12th, 1921.", -"key_contributions":[ -"Leavitt Law, period-luminosity relation" : "Period-Luminosity Relation (Leavitt Law): The Peruid Luminosity relation was discover by Henriretta Swan Leavitt in 1908 when studying Cepheids which are stars that peiordically dim and brighten . These Cepheids that Leavitt observed were located in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. It was seen that the brighter the Cepheids were the longer it took for the cepheids to complete a full cycle of dimming and brightening. From this, Leavitt devised the following equation m - M = 5 log(d, -10) where d is distance, m is apparent magnitude, and M is absolute magnitude. This equation then can determine the distance between us, these Cepheids, and the bodies that the Cephieds are located in. This discovery gave tangable distances of the bodies that surround us and qued scientists into the astronomical size of the universe. "], -"citations":["https://pweb.cfa.harvard.edu/news/remembering-astronomer-henrietta-swan-leavitt","https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/obituaries/henrietta-leavitt-overlooked.html ","https://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/variable_cepheids.html"], -"layout":"person", - + "title": "name", + "name": "Henrietta Swan Leavitt", + "linktitle": "Henrietta Swan Leavitt", + "last": "Leavitt", + "institution_of_phd": "Radcliffe College (B.S)", + "field_of_phd": "---", + "year_of_phd": "1892", + "researchAreas": ["astronomy", "observational astronomy", "variable stars", "novae"], + "relevantCourses": ["Introductory Astronomy", "Galactic Astronomy", "Women in Science"], + "relevant_concepts": ["astronomy", "variable stars", "stellar distances", "distance ladder", "period-luminosity relation", "Leavitt Law"], + "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Swan_Leavitt", + "images": ["/img/uploads/henrietta-swan-leavitt.jpg"], + "general_bio": "Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born in 1868 in Massachusetts. She attended Radcliffe College, which was Harvard’s School for women at the time. Radcliffe College was a liberal arts college, so Leavitt studied a variety of subjects, including math, art, philosophy, and language. It was not until her final year of study that she took a course on astronomy at the Harvard College Observatory. Leavitt then became a volunteer as a research assistant at the Harvard College Observatory, where she would become a 'computer'. In this role, Leavitt analyzed the data from the telescopes that she was not allowed to operate. Leavitt studied variable stars, which are stars that vary in brightness over time. From this work studying variable stars, she deduced that there is a relationship between the star’s period of dimming and the star’s brightness in general. This property can then determine the distance between the earth and the star. Leavitt did suffer from health issues in her life and began to lose her hearing at age 17. In her adult life, she became deaf. She died at 53 years old from cancer on December 12th, 1921.", + "key_contributions":{ + "Leavitt Law, period-luminosity relation" : "Period-Luminosity Relation (Leavitt Law): The Period-Luminosity relation was discovered by Henrietta Swan Leavitt in 1908 when studying Cepheids, which are stars that periodically dim and brighten. These Cepheids that Leavitt observed were located in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. It was seen that the brighter the Cepheids were, the longer it took for the Cepheids to complete a full cycle of dimming and brightening. From this, Leavitt devised the following equation m - M = 5 log(d,10), where d is distance, m is apparent magnitude, and M is absolute magnitude. This equation can then determine the distance between us, these Cepheids, and the bodies that the Cepheids are located in. This discovery gave tangible distances of the bodies that surround us and cued scientists into the astronomical size of the universe."}, + "citations": ["https://pweb.cfa.harvard.edu/news/remembering-astronomer-henrietta-swan-leavitt", "https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/obituaries/henrietta-leavitt-overlooked.html", "https://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/variable_cepheids.html"], + "layout": "person" } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/scientist/Katharine Burr Blodgett.md b/content/scientist/Katharine Burr Blodgett.md index eee47dc..2b6811b 100644 --- a/content/scientist/Katharine Burr Blodgett.md +++ b/content/scientist/Katharine Burr Blodgett.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ { -"title":"name", -"name":"Katharine Burr Blodgett", -"linktitle":"Katharine Burr Blodgett", -"last":"Bur Blodgett", -"institution_of_phd":"Newnham College, Cambridge University (Ph.D.)", -"field_of_phd":"Physics", -"year_of_phd":"1926", -"researchArea":["material science","surface chemistry"], -"relevantCourses":"Material Science", -"relevant_concepts":"Anti-reflective coatings/Langmuir-Blodgett films", -"wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Burr_Blodgett", -"image":"/img/uploads/katharine-burr-blodgett.jpg", -"general_bio":"Katharine Burr Blodgett was born in Schenectady, NY, in 1898. Her father was a patent clerk for Gneral Eelectric and friends with Irving Langmuir. Langmuir encouraged Blodgett to pursue physics and chemistry and, after she had earned her masters degree, she worked at GE as Langmuir’s assistant. She later went back to school at the University of Cambridge to get her Ph.D. in physics, working in the Ernest Rutherford lab. She became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics from Cambridge.", -"key_contributions":[ -"nonreflective glass" : "Blodgett developed a process for creating nonreflective glass by applying a single-molecule coating, which reduced glare and reflections. This innovation had significant applications in improving the clarity of optical instruments, picture frames, and cinema projectors", -"Langmuir-Blodgett film":"Working with Irving Langmuir, Blodgett developed a method to create and apply ultra-thin films one molecule thick, which could be layered to achieve desired properties. This technique is used in various scientific and industrial applications, including sensors, coatings, and nanotechnology.", - "Advancements in surface chemistry" : "Blodgett's research contributed to the understanding of molecular films and their properties, paving the way for advancements in materials science and surface engineering. Her work has influenced the development of new materials with tailored surface characteristics." ], -"citations":["https://www.invent.org/inductees/katharine-burr-blodgett","https://www.pbs.org/video/katharine-burr-blodgett-she-inspires-marl6o/","https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/the-invisible-woman/"], -"layout":"person", - + "title": "name", + "name": "Katharine Burr Blodgett", + "linktitle": "Katharine Burr Blodgett", + "last": "Blodgett", + "institution_of_phd": "Newnham College, Cambridge University (Ph.D.)", + "field_of_phd": "Physics", + "year_of_phd": "1926", + "researchAreas": ["material science", "surface chemistry"], + "relevantCourses": ["Material Science"], + "relevant_concepts": ["Anti-reflective coatings", "Langmuir-Blodgett films"], + "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Burr_Blodgett", + "images": ["/img/uploads/katharine-burr-blodgett.jpg"], + "general_bio": "Katharine Burr Blodgett was born in Schenectady, NY, in 1898. Her father was a patent clerk for General Electric and friends with Irving Langmuir. Langmuir encouraged Blodgett to pursue physics and chemistry, and after she had earned her master's degree, she worked at GE as Langmuir’s assistant. She later went back to school at the University of Cambridge to get her Ph.D. in physics, working in the Ernest Rutherford lab. She became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics from Cambridge.", + "key_contributions": { + "nonreflective glass": "Blodgett developed a process for creating nonreflective glass by applying a single-molecule coating, which reduced glare and reflections. This innovation had significant applications in improving the clarity of optical instruments, picture frames, and cinema projectors.", + "Langmuir-Blodgett film": "Working with Irving Langmuir, Blodgett developed a method to create and apply ultra-thin films one molecule thick, which could be layered to achieve desired properties. This technique is used in various scientific and industrial applications, including sensors, coatings, and nanotechnology.", + "Advancements in surface chemistry": "Blodgett's research contributed to the understanding of molecular films and their properties, paving the way for advancements in materials science and surface engineering. Her work has influenced the development of new materials with tailored surface characteristics." + }, + "citations": ["https://www.invent.org/inductees/katharine-burr-blodgett", "https://www.pbs.org/video/katharine-burr-blodgett-she-inspires-marl6o/", "https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/the-invisible-woman/"], + "layout": "person" } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/scientist/Mileav Maric.md b/content/scientist/Mileav Maric.md index c67b7d9..4983f64 100644 --- a/content/scientist/Mileav Maric.md +++ b/content/scientist/Mileav Maric.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ { -"title":"name", -"name":"Mileav Maric", -"linktitle":"Mileav Maric", -"last":"Maric", -"institution_of_phd":"University of Zurich", -"field_of_phd":"Theorethical Physics", -"year_of_phd":"N/A", -"researchArea":["theoretical physics","mathematics"], -"relevantCourses":"Differential and integral calculus/descriptive and projective geometry/mechanics/theoretical and applied physics/experimental physics/astronomy", -"relevant_concepts":"Einstien's Work", -"wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87", -"image":"/img/uploads/Mileva-Maric.jpg", -"general_bio":"Mileva Maric was a Serbian physicist and mathematician, one of the first women to study physics and mathematics at the Zurich Polytechnic. She was a close collaborator and the first wife of Albert Einstein. Her potential contributions to Einstein's early work, particularly the Annus Mirabilis papers, have been a subject of debate. After separating from Einstein, she dedicated herself to raising their children, including their son Eduard, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Maric spent her later years in Zurich, where she died in 1948.", -"key_contributions":[ -"Potential contributions to Einstein's early work" : "There is ongoing debate regarding Mileva Maric's potential contributions to Albert Einstein's early work, particularly the Annus Mirabilis papers. Some historians argue that she played a significant collaborative role, citing letters between the couple that suggest intellectual partnership. Others believe her contributions were minimal, attributing the primary work to Einstein alone. Despite the lack of definitive evidence, Maric's potential involvement remains a topic of interest in the history of science, highlighting the challenges faced by women in scientific fields during that era."], -"citations":["https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/guest-blog/the-forgotten-life-of-einsteins-first-wife/","https://web.archive.org/web/20110811141225/https://webspace.utexas.edu/aam829/1/m/Maric_files/EvidenceMaric.pdf",""], -"layout":"person", - -} \ No newline at end of file + "title": "name", + "name": "Mileva Maric", + "linktitle": "Mileva Maric", + "last": "Maric", + "institution_of_phd": "University of Zurich", + "field_of_phd": "Theoretical Physics", + "year_of_phd": "N/A", + "researchAreas": ["theoretical physics", "mathematics"], + "relevantCourses": ["Differential and integral calculus", "descriptive and projective geometry", "mechanics", "theoretical and applied physics", "experimental physics", "astronomy"], + "relevant_concepts": ["Einstein's Work"], + "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87", + "images": ["/img/uploads/Mileva-Maric.jpg"], + "general_bio": "Mileva Maric was a Serbian physicist and mathematician, one of the first women to study physics and mathematics at the Zurich Polytechnic. She was a close collaborator and the first wife of Albert Einstein. Her potential contributions to Einstein's early work, particularly the Annus Mirabilis papers, have been a subject of debate. After separating from Einstein, she dedicated herself to raising their children, including their son Eduard, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Maric spent her later years in Zurich, where she died in 1948.", + "key_contributions": { + "Potential contributions to Einstein's early work": "There is ongoing debate regarding Mileva Maric's potential contributions to Albert Einstein's early work, particularly the Annus Mirabilis papers. Some historians argue that she played a significant collaborative role, citing letters between the couple that suggest intellectual partnership. Others believe her contributions were minimal, attributing the primary work to Einstein alone. Despite the lack of definitive evidence, Maric's potential involvement remains a topic of interest in the history of science, highlighting the challenges faced by women in scientific fields during that era." + }, + "citations": ["https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/guest-blog/the-forgotten-life-of-einsteins-first-wife/", "https://web.archive.org/web/20110811141225/https://webspace.utexas.edu/aam829/1/m/Maric_files/EvidenceMaric.pdf"], + "layout": "person" +} diff --git a/content/scientist/Ruby Payne-Scott.md b/content/scientist/Ruby Payne-Scott.md index ba8c5cd..f2139bc 100644 --- a/content/scientist/Ruby Payne-Scott.md +++ b/content/scientist/Ruby Payne-Scott.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ { -"title":"name", -"name":"Ruby Payne-Scott", -"linktitle":"Ruby Payne-Scott", -"last":"Payne-Scott", -"institution_of_phd":"University of Sydney (MSc)", -"field_of_phd":"Physics", -"year_of_phd":"1936", -"researchArea":["radiophysics","radio astronomy"], -"relevantCourses":"Astronomy", -"relevant_concepts":"Solar Radio Bursts/Radio Astronomy/Solar Flares", -"wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Payne-Scott", -"image":"/img/uploads/ruby-payne-scott.jpg", -"general_bio":"Ruby Payne Scott was born in New South Wales on May 28th, 1912. She obtained her bachealors and masters in physics from the University of Sydney. Payne was the third women to graduate with a physics degree from the institution. Due to the fact that opperutnites and jobs for women in the physics field, Payne-Scott became a teacher and worked at Alamagamated Wireless. In 1944, she married Willima Hall. The couple was very progressive and feminists. Although, it was expected that she was to quit her job once married. But she kept her marriage a secret to continue her research. While she was hiding her marriage, she discovered several types of solar flares and solar bursts through radio waves aand assisted in the invention of the swept-lode interferometer which helped scientists pann the sky for single wave formations. Although, in 1950 it was discovered that she was married and she was forced to resign. Ruby Payne-Scott died of demntia commplications in 1981 at 68 years old.", -"key_contributions":[ -"Solar Flares and Solar Bursts" ; "Solar flares are a burst of electromagnetic radiation that is emmitted from the Sun, usaually from sun spots. Solar radio bursts are also electromagnetic waves from the accelerated electrons that come from around the solar flare site. "], -"citations":["https://csiropedia.csiro.au/payne-scott-ruby/","https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/obituaries/ruby-payne-scott-overlooked.html","https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-forgotten-star-of-radio-astronomy/","https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-flares-radio-blackouts","https://www.nrao.edu/astrores/gbsrbs/Pubs/AJP_07.pdf "], -"layout":"person", - -} \ No newline at end of file + "title": "name", + "name": "Ruby Payne-Scott", + "linktitle": "Ruby Payne-Scott", + "last": "Payne-Scott", + "institution_of_phd": "University of Sydney (MSc)", + "field_of_phd": "Physics", + "year_of_phd": "1936", + "researchAreas": ["radiophysics", "radio astronomy"], + "relevantCourses": ["Astronomy"], + "relevant_concepts": ["Solar Radio Bursts", "Radio Astronomy", "Solar Flares"], + "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Payne-Scott", + "images": ["/img/uploads/ruby-payne-scott.jpg"], + "general_bio": "Ruby Payne-Scott was born in New South Wales on May 28th, 1912. She obtained her bachelor's and master's in physics from the University of Sydney. Payne was the third woman to graduate with a physics degree from the institution. Due to limited opportunities and jobs for women in the physics field, Payne-Scott became a teacher and worked at Amalgamated Wireless. In 1944, she married William Hall. The couple was very progressive and feminist. Although it was expected that she would quit her job once married, she kept her marriage a secret to continue her research. While hiding her marriage, she discovered several types of solar flares and solar bursts through radio waves and assisted in the invention of the swept-lobe interferometer, which helped scientists scan the sky for single wave formations. However, in 1950 it was discovered that she was married and she was forced to resign. Ruby Payne-Scott died of dementia complications in 1981 at 68 years old.", + "key_contributions": { + "Solar Flares and Solar Bursts": "Solar flares are a burst of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the Sun, usually from sunspots. Solar radio bursts are also electromagnetic waves from the accelerated electrons that come from around the solar flare site." + }, + "citations": ["https://csiropedia.csiro.au/payne-scott-ruby/", "https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/obituaries/ruby-payne-scott-overlooked.html", "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-forgotten-star-of-radio-astronomy/", "https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-flares-radio-blackouts", "https://www.nrao.edu/astrores/gbsrbs/Pubs/AJP_07.pdf"], + "layout": "person" +} diff --git a/layouts/_default/person.html b/layouts/_default/person.html index 998f193..538a843 100644 --- a/layouts/_default/person.html +++ b/layouts/_default/person.html @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@

Citations

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