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How to control service startup and shutdown order in Docker Compose
documentation, docs, docker, compose, startup, shutdown, order
Control startup and shutdown order in Compose
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You can control the order of service startup and shutdown with the depends_on option. Compose always starts and stops containers in dependency order, where dependencies are determined by depends_on, links, volumes_from, and network_mode: "service:...".

However, for startup Compose does not wait until a container is "ready" (whatever that means for your particular application) - only until it's running. There's a good reason for this.

The problem of waiting for a database (for example) to be ready is really just a subset of a much larger problem of distributed systems. In production, your database could become unavailable or move hosts at any time. Your application needs to be resilient to these types of failures.

To handle this, design your application to attempt to re-establish a connection to the database after a failure. If the application retries the connection, it can eventually connect to the database.

The best solution is to perform this check in your application code, both at startup and whenever a connection is lost for any reason. However, if you don't need this level of resilience, you can work around the problem with a wrapper script:

  • Use a tool such as wait-for-it, dockerize, sh-compatible wait-for, or RelayAndContainers template. These are small wrapper scripts which you can include in your application's image to poll a given host and port until it's accepting TCP connections.

    For example, to use wait-for-it.sh or wait-for to wrap your service's command:

    version: "2"
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "80:8000"
    depends_on:
      - "db"
    command: ["./wait-for-it.sh", "db:5432", "--", "python", "app.py"]
  db:
    image: postgres

    Tip

    There are limitations to this first solution. For example, it doesn't verify when a specific service is really ready. If you add more arguments to the command, use the bash shift command with a loop, as shown in the next example.

  • Alternatively, write your own wrapper script to perform a more application-specific health check. For example, you might want to wait until Postgres is ready to accept commands:

    #!/bin/sh
# wait-for-postgres.sh

set -e

host="$1"
shift

until PGPASSWORD=$POSTGRES_PASSWORD psql -h "$host" -U "postgres" -c '\q'; do
  >&2 echo "Postgres is unavailable - sleeping"
  sleep 1
done

>&2 echo "Postgres is up - executing command"
exec "$@"

    You can use this as a wrapper script as in the previous example, by setting:

    command: ["./wait-for-postgres.sh", "db", "python", "app.py"]

Compose documentation