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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- Basic Page Needs -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>Grid</title>
<meta name="description" content="A simple guide to responsive design.">
<!-- Mobile Specific Metas -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/normalize.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/grid.css">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- Google Fonts -->
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,600' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
</head>
<body>
<header class="clearfix">
<div class='container'>
<div class="intro">
<a href="/grid"><h1>grid</h1></a>
<p>A simple guide to responsive design.<br>Made by <a href="/" target="_blank">Adam Kaplan</a>.</p>
</div>
<img src="/images/mobile.png" alt="Intro" class="mobile animated fadeInUp">
</div>
</header>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<img src="/images/mobile-first.png" alt="Mobile First" class="rwd">
<h1>Why bother with responsive?</h1>
<p>We want our websites to be useable on all devices by responding to
the user’s behavior, screen size and screen orientation.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example fragmentation">
<div class="container"></div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<h1>A Fragmented World</h1>
<p><a href='http://opensignal.com/reports/fragmentation-2013/' target="_blank">As of 2013</a>, there are thousands
of different devices and screen sizes that browse the internet, so it’s impossible to design layouts to target them
all. Instead, we must take a more fluid approach to design.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<h1>Mobile First</h1>
<p>The term “mobile first” gets thrown around a lot lately. What it really means is to start with mobile
styles and layer on styles optimized for larger screens only as needed. In other words, your mobile styles become
the default and you no longer have to override them later. It’s much simpler!</p>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>By assuming a flexible but simple layout by default, you can better guard against browsers—with viewports wide
and small—that aren’t quite capable of the full responsive layout. So when we’re talking about layout, “mobile first”
really means “progressive enhancement.”</p>
<cite>—Ethan Marcotte</cite>
</blockquote>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example quote remove-padding">
<div class="container">
<img src="/images/small-large.png" alt="Mobile First">
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<h1>Min-width Media Queries</h1>
<p>Introduce layout-specific rules only when you need them. Use <code>min-width</code> to layer complexity on your
layout as the viewport widens. It’s easier to have all the media queries nearby, rather than at the end
of the stylesheet or in a separate document.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8969695.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">1</div>
<h1>Not All Browsers are Created Equal</h1>
<p>Browsers will render your CSS differently. To avoid this, it’s a good idea to use a modern
alternative to a reset like <a href="http://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/" target="_blank">Normalize.css</a>,
which will render elements more consistently cross-browser. Remember to include it as-is before your stylesheet.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8969436.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">2</div>
<h1>Add the Viewport Meta Tag</h1>
<p>Place in the <code><head></code> of your HTML. This enables use of media queries for cross-device layouts.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8243831.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example">
<div class="container">
<img src="/images/box-model.png" alt="Box Model">
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="container">
<h1>CSS Box Model</h1>
<p>It’s important to understand the basics, like how elements are generated and behave in the browser, before
diving into responsive web design. The CSS Box Model consists of four distinct parts.</p>
<hr>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column fourth">
<img src="/images/content.png" alt="content">
<h3 class="content">Content</h3>
<p>The content of the box, where text and images appear.</p>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<img src="/images/padding.png" alt="padding">
<h3 class="padding">Padding</h3>
<p>Clears an area around the content.</p>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<img src="/images/border.png" alt="border">
<h3 class="border">Border</h3>
<p>A border that goes around the padding.</p>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<img src="/images/margin.png" alt="margin">
<h3 class="margin">Margin</h3>
<p>Clears an area around the border.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">3</div>
<h1>Use box-sizing: border-box</h1>
<p>Place at the top of your <code>CSS</code> file. The <code>*</code> will target all elements on the page.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8247563.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="container">
<h1>Your Choice</h1>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_box_model_bug" target="_blank">What was once a bug</a>
is now a widely used CSS property. It basically means you can choose whether or not to include borders and padding in
the width of your content.</p>
<hr>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half">
<img src="/images/without-box-model.png" alt="Without Box Model">
<h3>Without box-sizing: border-box</h3>
<p>Margin, borders and padding are drawn outside the set width of your content.</p>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<img src="/images/with-box-model.png" alt="With Box Model">
<h3>With box-sizing: border-box</h3>
<p>Borders and padding are drawn inside the set width of your content. The margin is drawn outside.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">4</div>
<h1>Create a Container</h1>
<p>A container holds all elements and controls the page’s maximum width. Using a container will make designing for
responsive easier!</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8246124.js"></script>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8246032.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example">
<div class="container">
<img src="/images/container.png" alt="Container">
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">5</div>
<h1>Create a Column</h1>
<p>With mobile first, columns are <code>block</code> level (takes up the full width available) by default. No
additional styles needed!</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8978649.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example grid mobile-first">
<div class="container">
<div class="column">
<span>.column</span>
</div>
<div class="column">
<span>.column</span>
</div>
<div class="column">
<span>.column</span>
</div>
<div class="column">
<span>.column</span>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">6</div>
<h1>Create Column Sizes</h1>
<p>On larger screens, columns gain <code>float: left</code> in order to stack content horizontally. Columns now
use padding for gutters, so you no longer need to worry about removing margins.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/9040799.js"></script>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8978515.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example grid">
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column full">
<span>.column .full</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column two-thirds">
<span>.column .two-thirds</span>
</div>
<div class="column third">
<span>.column .third</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column third">
<span>.column .third</span>
</div>
<div class="column third">
<span>.column .third</span>
</div>
<div class="column third">
<span>.column .third</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column fourth">
<span>.column .fourth</span>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<span>.column .fourth</span>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<span>.column .fourth</span>
</div>
<div class="column fourth">
<span>.column .fourth</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<div class="circle">7</div>
<h1>Create Rows</h1>
<p>Columns are wrapped in rows to prevent other elements from stacking next to them, otherwise known as clearing
issues. Rows are cleared using the popular <code>clearfix</code>, which was created by
<a href="http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/" target="_blank">Nicolas Gallagher</a>.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8430571.js"></script>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/8467436.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example grid row-example">
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<h1>Flow Opposite</h1>
<p>Add the class <code>.flow-opposite</code> to columns where you want content to display first on mobile but
appear on the right on larger screens.</p>
<hr>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/9025378.js"></script>
<script src="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan/9025387.js"></script>
</div>
</section>
<section class="example grid">
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half flow-opposite">
<span>.column .half .flow-opposite</span>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<span>.column .half</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class='container'>
<h1>Practice Makes Perfect</h1>
<p>By following these simple steps, you are on the path to responsive
web design mastery. Keep practicing and help make the web a better,
more useable place.</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="https://github.com/aekaplan/grid" target="_blank" class="button">View the Code</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="resources">
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="column half">
<h3>Further Reading</h3>
<hr class="small">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.abookapart.com/products/mobile-first" target="_blank">A Book Apart: Mobile First</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.abookapart.com/products/responsive-web-design" target="_blank">A Book Apart: Responsive Web Design</a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.teamtreehouse.com/beginners-guide-to-responsive-web-design" target="_blank">Beginner’s Guide to Responsive Web Design</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.paulirish.com/2012/box-sizing-border-box-ftw" target="_blank">Box-sizing: Border-box FTW</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dev.tutsplus.com/articles/quick-tip-dont-forget-the-viewport-meta-tag--webdesign-5972" target="_blank">Don't Forget the Viewport Meta Tag</a></li>
<li><a href="http://bradfrostweb.com/blog/mobile/the-many-faces-of-mobile-first/" target="_blank">The Many Faces of ‘Mobile First’</a></li>
<li><a href="http://fuseinteractive.ca/blog/understanding-humble-clearfix" target="_blank">Understanding the Humble Clearfix</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column half">
<h3>References</h3>
<hr class="small">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://opensignal.com/reports/fragmentation-2013/" target="_blank">Android Fragmentation Visualized</a></li>
<li><a href="http://daneden.github.io/animate.css/" target="_blank">Animate.css</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box_model" target="_blank">Box Model</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.google.com/chrome-developer-tools/" target="_blank">Chrome Developer Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://gist.github.com/aekaplan" target="_blank">Code samples by GitHub Gist</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_box_model_bug" target="_blank">Internet Explorer Box Model</a></li>
<li><a href="http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2009/04/22/progressive-enhancement-what-it-is-and-how-to-use-it/" target="_blank">Progressive Enhancement</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</body>
</html>