diff --git a/python_on_whales/components/compose/cli_wrapper.py b/python_on_whales/components/compose/cli_wrapper.py
index 2f4e1009..1ccef976 100644
--- a/python_on_whales/components/compose/cli_wrapper.py
+++ b/python_on_whales/components/compose/cli_wrapper.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def build(
             full_cmd += services
         run(full_cmd, capture_stdout=False)
 
-    def config(self, return_json: bool = False) -> Union[ComposeConfig, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def config(self, return_json: bool = False, envs: Dict[str,str] = {}) -> Union[ComposeConfig, Dict[str, Any]]:
         """Returns the configuration of the compose stack for further inspection.
 
         For example
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@ def config(self, return_json: bool = False) -> Union[ComposeConfig, Dict[str, An
                 lists and dicts corresponding to the json response, unmodified.
                 It may be useful if you just want to print the config or want to access
                 a field that was not in the `ComposeConfig` class.
+            envs: A dictionary of environment variables to set for the compose process.
 
         # Returns
             A `ComposeConfig` object if `return_json` is `False`, and a `dict` otherwise.
         """
         full_cmd = self.docker_compose_cmd + ["config", "--format", "json"]
-        result = run(full_cmd, capture_stdout=True)
+        result = run(full_cmd, capture_stdout=True, env=envs)
         if return_json:
             return json.loads(result)
         else:
@@ -651,6 +652,7 @@ def up(
         log_prefix: bool = True,
         start: bool = True,
         quiet: bool = False,
+        envs: Dict[str, str] = {},
     ):
         """Start the containers.
 
@@ -681,6 +683,7 @@ def up(
             start: Start the service after creating them.
             quiet: By default, some progress bars and logs are sent to stderr and stdout.
                 Set `quiet=True` to avoid having any output.
+            envs: A dictionary of environment variables to set for the compose process.
 
         # Returns
             `None` at the moment. The plan is to be able to capture and stream the logs later.
@@ -706,7 +709,7 @@ def up(
             services = to_list(services)
             full_cmd += services
         # important information is written to both stdout AND stderr.
-        run(full_cmd, capture_stdout=quiet, capture_stderr=quiet)
+        run(full_cmd, capture_stdout=quiet, capture_stderr=quiet, env=envs)
 
     def version(self) -> str:
         """Returns the version of docker compose as a `str`."""
diff --git a/tests/python_on_whales/components/dummy_compose.yml b/tests/python_on_whales/components/dummy_compose.yml
index 374b7e25..ca1d7d3c 100644
--- a/tests/python_on_whales/components/dummy_compose.yml
+++ b/tests/python_on_whales/components/dummy_compose.yml
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ services:
   busybox:
     image: busybox:latest
     command: sleep infinity
+    environment:
+     - SOME_VARIABLE=${SOME_VARIABLE_TO_INSERT:-nothing}
   busybox-2-electric-boogaloo:
     image: busybox:latest
     depends_on:
diff --git a/tests/python_on_whales/components/test_compose.py b/tests/python_on_whales/components/test_compose.py
index d49a9733..e9852d4d 100644
--- a/tests/python_on_whales/components/test_compose.py
+++ b/tests/python_on_whales/components/test_compose.py
@@ -218,6 +218,22 @@ def test_docker_compose_up_down_some_services():
     docker.compose.down(timeout=1)
 
 
+def test_docker_compose_config_envs(tmp_path: Path):
+    output = docker.compose.config(envs={"SOME_VARIABLE_TO_INSERT": "test-value"})
+    assert output.services["busybox"].environment["SOME_VARIABLE"] == "test-value"
+
+
+def test_docker_compose_up_envs(tmp_path: Path):
+    docker.compose.up(["busybox"], detach=True, envs={"SOME_VARIABLE_TO_INSERT": "hello world"},)
+    output = docker.compose.execute(
+        "busybox",
+        ["sh", "-c", "echo $SOME_VARIABLE"],
+        tty=False,
+    )
+    assert output == "hello world"
+    docker.compose.down(timeout=1)
+
+
 def test_docker_compose_ps():
     docker.compose.up(["my_service", "busybox"], detach=True)
     containers = docker.compose.ps()