diff --git a/Makefile.toml b/Makefile.toml
index 62f0953..ed70023 100644
--- a/Makefile.toml
+++ b/Makefile.toml
@@ -22,14 +22,20 @@ args = ["build", "--release"]
 command = "cargo"
 args = ["build", "--bin", "pq", "--release"]
 
-# not working
+
+[tasks.test]
+alias = "test:all"
+
 [tasks."test:all"]
-run_task = [{ name = "test:lib" }, { name = "test:pq" }]
+script = '''
+makers test:lib
+makers test:pq
+'''
 
 [tasks."test:lib"]
+dependencies = ["build"]
 command = "cargo"
 args = ["test"]
-dependencies = ["build"]
 
 [tasks."test:pq"]
 dependencies = ["build:pq"]
@@ -77,7 +83,5 @@ script = '''
 alias pc="./target/debug/partiql-cli"
 alias pq="./target/debug/pq"
 for i in $(seq 1 18)
-do
-    cat samples/q$i.env | pc from --to json | pq -S > samples/q$i.json
-done
+cat samples/q$i.env | pc from --to json | pq -S > samples/q$i.json
 '''
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..271800c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "nightly"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/mew-c.json b/samples/mew-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28cce86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/mew-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"name":"Mew","id":151,"fleeRate":0.1}
diff --git a/samples/mew.json b/samples/mew.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deffd39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/mew.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+    "name": "Mew",
+    "id": 151,
+    "fleeRate": 0.1
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/bin/pq.rs b/src/bin/pq.rs
index b76c0fc..e6e2bbc 100644
--- a/src/bin/pq.rs
+++ b/src/bin/pq.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::io::{self, Read};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::str::FromStr;
@@ -27,6 +28,10 @@ struct Opt {
     #[structopt(short, long)]
     query: Option<String>,
 
+    /// target config file
+    #[structopt(short, long, possible_values(&["csv", "json", "toml", "yaml", "xml"]))]
+    from: Option<String>,
+
     /// target config file
     #[structopt(short, long, possible_values(&["csv", "json", "toml", "yaml", "xml"]))]
     to: Option<String>,
@@ -34,14 +39,20 @@ struct Opt {
     /// sort keys of objects on output. it on works when --to option is json, currently
     #[structopt(short = "S", long)]
     sort_keys: bool,
+
+    /// compact instead of pretty-printed output, only when outputting in JSON
+    #[structopt(short, long)]
+    compact: bool,
 }
 
 fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let Opt {
         file_or_stdin,
         query,
+        from,
         to,
         sort_keys,
+        compact,
     } = Opt::from_args();
     let _ = {
         let input = if let Some(file) = file_or_stdin {
@@ -50,7 +61,13 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             read_from_stdin()?
         };
 
-        let mut lang = Lang::from_str(&input)?;
+        let mut lang = if let Some(s_lang_type) = from {
+            let lang_type = LangType::from_str(&s_lang_type)?;
+            Lang::from_as(&input, lang_type)?
+        } else {
+            Lang::from_str(&input)?
+        };
+
         if let Some(t) = to {
             match LangType::from_str(&t) {
                 Ok(lang_type) => lang.to = lang_type,
@@ -69,7 +86,7 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             lang.sort_keys();
         }
 
-        lang.print();
+        lang.print(compact);
     };
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/src/lib/lang.rs b/src/lib/lang.rs
index 0f42db6..7ebd7cb 100644
--- a/src/lib/lang.rs
+++ b/src/lib/lang.rs
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ use crate::value::{BPqlValue, PqlValue, TomlValue};
 #[derive(Display, FromStr, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
 #[display(style = "snake_case")]
 pub enum LangType {
+    Toml,
     Csv,
     Json,
-    Toml,
     Yaml,
     Xml,
 }
@@ -32,7 +32,33 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
     type Err = anyhow::Error;
 
     fn from_str(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        if let Ok(data) = csvstr_to_pqlv(&input) {
+        if let Ok(this) = Self::from_as_json(input) {
+            Ok(this)
+        } else if let Ok(this) = Self::from_as_toml(input) {
+            Ok(this)
+        } else if let Ok(this) = Self::from_as_xml(input) {
+            Ok(this)
+        } else if let Ok(this) = Self::from_as_xml(input) {
+            Ok(this)
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!("not supported")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Lang {
+    pub fn from_as(input: &str, lnag_type: LangType) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        match lnag_type {
+            LangType::Csv => Self::from_as_csv(input),
+            LangType::Json => Self::from_as_json(input),
+            LangType::Toml => Self::from_as_toml(input),
+            LangType::Yaml => Self::from_as_yaml(input),
+            LangType::Xml => Self::from_as_xml(input),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_as_csv(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(data) = csvstr_to_pqlv(input) {
             Ok(Self {
                 data,
                 text: input.to_string(),
@@ -40,7 +66,13 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
                 to: LangType::Csv,
                 colnames: Vec::default(),
             })
-        } else if let Ok(data) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::value::Value>(&input) {
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!("fail to parse input as csv");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_as_json(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(data) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::value::Value>(input) {
             // Json does not distinguish between Float and Int. For this reason, it it parsed once with serde_json::value::Value, not crate::value::PqlValue.
             Ok(Self {
                 data: crate::value::json_value::to_pqlvalue(data),
@@ -49,7 +81,13 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
                 to: LangType::Json,
                 colnames: Vec::default(),
             })
-        } else if let Ok(data) = toml::from_str::<PqlValue>(&input) {
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!("fail to parse input as json");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_as_toml(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(data) = toml::from_str::<PqlValue>(input) {
             Ok(Self {
                 data,
                 text: input.to_string(),
@@ -57,7 +95,13 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
                 to: LangType::Toml,
                 colnames: Vec::default(),
             })
-        } else if let Ok(data) = quick_xml::de::from_str::<PqlValue>(&input) {
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!("fail to parse input as toml");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_as_xml(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(data) = quick_xml::de::from_str::<PqlValue>(input) {
             Ok(Self {
                 data,
                 text: input.to_string(),
@@ -65,7 +109,13 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
                 to: LangType::Xml,
                 colnames: Vec::default(),
             })
-        } else if let Ok(data) = serde_yaml::from_str::<PqlValue>(&input) {
+        } else {
+            anyhow::bail!("fail to parse input as xml");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_as_yaml(input: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
+        if let Ok(data) = serde_yaml::from_str::<PqlValue>(input) {
             Ok(Self {
                 data,
                 text: input.to_string(),
@@ -74,12 +124,10 @@ impl FromStr for Lang {
                 colnames: Vec::default(),
             })
         } else {
-            anyhow::bail!("not supported")
+            anyhow::bail!("fail to parse input as yaml");
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl Lang {
     pub fn sort_keys(&mut self) {
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&self.data).unwrap();
         let bdata = serde_json::from_str::<BPqlValue>(&json).unwrap();
@@ -88,7 +136,7 @@ impl Lang {
         self.data = data;
     }
 
-    pub fn print(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub fn print(&self, compact: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         let output = match (&self.to, &self.from == &self.to) {
             (LangType::Csv, _) => {
                 // To pad missing values with null, serialize them to json, deserialize them with polars, and write them to csv from there.
@@ -111,13 +159,21 @@ impl Lang {
                 let s = String::from_utf8(v)?;
                 s
             }
+            (LangType::Json, _) if compact => serde_json::to_string(&self.data).unwrap(),
             (LangType::Json, _) => serde_json::to_string_pretty(&self.data).unwrap(),
             (_, true) => self.text.to_owned(),
             (LangType::Toml, _) => {
                 let v = TomlValue::from(self.data.to_owned());
                 toml::to_string_pretty(&v).unwrap()
             }
-            (LangType::Yaml, _) => serde_yaml::to_string(&self.data).unwrap(),
+            (LangType::Yaml, _) => {
+                dbg!("yaml");
+
+                serde_yaml::to_string(&self.data)
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .trim_start_matches("---\n")
+                    .to_string()
+            }
             (LangType::Xml, _) => quick_xml::se::to_string(&self.data).unwrap(),
         };
 
diff --git a/tests-make.toml b/tests-make.toml
index ac1a49b..19d36dd 100644
--- a/tests-make.toml
+++ b/tests-make.toml
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 includes = [
-        "tests-make/convert.toml",
-        "tests-make/float.toml",
-        "tests-make/package-json.toml",
-        "tests-make/se_csv.toml",
-        "tests-make/se_toml.toml",
+    "tests-make/convert.toml",
+    "tests-make/package-json.toml",
+    "tests-make/se_csv.toml",
+    "tests-make/se_toml.toml",
 ]
diff --git a/tests-make/convert.toml b/tests-make/convert.toml
index 16495b3..aa297d1 100644
--- a/tests-make/convert.toml
+++ b/tests-make/convert.toml
@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ INPUT = '''
 }
 '''
 
-[tests.to_json]
+[tests.to-json]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t json
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t json
 '''
 tobe = '''
 {
@@ -20,10 +19,18 @@ tobe = '''
 }
 '''
 
-[tests.to_toml]
+[tests.to-json-compact]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t toml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t json -c
+'''
+tobe = '''
+{"name":"Mew","id":151,"fleeRate":0.1}
+'''
+
+
+[tests.to-toml]
+script = '''
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t toml
 '''
 tobe = '''
 name = 'Mew'
@@ -32,23 +39,20 @@ fleeRate = 0.1
 
 '''
 
-[tests.to_yaml]
+[tests.to-yaml]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t yaml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t yaml
 '''
 tobe = '''
----
 name: Mew
 id: 151
 fleeRate: 0.1
 
 '''
 
-[tests.to_xml]
+[tests.to-xml]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t xml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t xml
 '''
 tobe = '''
 <name>Mew</name><id>151</id><fleeRate>0.1</fleeRate>
diff --git a/tests-make/float.toml b/tests-make/float.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 502628b..0000000
--- a/tests-make/float.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-[env]
-INPUT = '''
-{
-  "name": "Mew",
-  "id": 151,
-  "fleeRate": 0.1
-}
-'''
-
-[tests.to-json]
-script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t json
-'''
-tobe = '''
-{
-  "name": "Mew",
-  "id": 151,
-  "fleeRate": 0.1
-}
-'''
-
-[tests.to-toml]
-script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t toml
-'''
-tobe = '''
-name = 'Mew'
-id = 151
-fleeRate = 0.1
-
-'''
-
-[tests.to-yaml]
-script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t yaml
-'''
-tobe = '''
----
-name: Mew
-id: 151
-fleeRate: 0.1
-
-'''
-
-[tests.to-xml]
-script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t xml
-'''
-tobe = '''
-<name>Mew</name><id>151</id><fleeRate>0.1</fleeRate>
-'''
diff --git a/tests-make/package-json.toml b/tests-make/package-json.toml
index e4acc0a..15f79bf 100644
--- a/tests-make/package-json.toml
+++ b/tests-make/package-json.toml
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ INPUT = '''
 
 [tests.to-json]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t json
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t json
 '''
 tobe = '''
 {
@@ -74,8 +73,7 @@ tobe = '''
 
 [tests.to-toml]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t toml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t toml
 '''
 tobe = '''
 name = 'partiql-pokemon'
@@ -112,11 +110,9 @@ typescript = '^4.2.4'
 
 [tests.to-yaml]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t yaml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t yaml
 '''
 tobe = '''
----
 name: partiql-pokemon
 version: 0.202105.0
 private: true
@@ -148,8 +144,7 @@ license: MIT
 
 [tests.to-xml]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-echo ${INPUT} | pq -t xml
+echo $INPUT | ./target/debug/pq -t xml
 '''
 tobe = '''
 <name>partiql-pokemon</name><version>0.202105.0</version><private>true</private><scripts><dev>next</dev><build>next build</build><start>next start</start><prod>next build &amp;&amp; next start</prod><lint>eslint . --fix -c .eslintrc.js --ext js,jsx,ts,tsx --ignore-pattern=&apos;!.*&apos;</lint><type-check>tsc</type-check></scripts><dependencies><@material-ui/core>^4.11.3</@material-ui/core><@material-ui/icons>^4.11.2</@material-ui/icons><next>^9.4.4</next><react>^16.13.1</react><react-dom>^16.13.1</react-dom></dependencies><devDependencies><@types/node>^14.0.13</@types/node><@types/react>^17.0.3</@types/react><@types/react-dom>^17.0.3</@types/react-dom><@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin>^4.22.0</@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin><@typescript-eslint/parser>^4.22.0</@typescript-eslint/parser><eslint-plugin-import>^2.22.1</eslint-plugin-import><eslint-plugin-react-hooks>^4.2.0</eslint-plugin-react-hooks><typescript>^4.2.4</typescript></devDependencies><license>MIT</license>
diff --git a/tests-make/se_csv.toml b/tests-make/se_csv.toml
index 827939a..2cbe945 100644
--- a/tests-make/se_csv.toml
+++ b/tests-make/se_csv.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 
 [tests.as-name]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-cat samples/ip_addr.json | pq -q "SELECT address, ifname, addr_info.family" -t csv
+cat samples/ip_addr.json | ./target/debug/pq -q "SELECT address, ifname, addr_info.family" -t csv
 '''
 tobe = '''
 address,ifname,family
diff --git a/tests-make/se_toml.toml b/tests-make/se_toml.toml
index 83e1eaa..85a7850 100644
--- a/tests-make/se_toml.toml
+++ b/tests-make/se_toml.toml
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 
 [tests.nonamed-table]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-cat<<EOS | pq -t toml
+cat<<EOS | ./target/debug/pq -t toml
 [
   {
     "id": 3,
@@ -32,8 +31,7 @@ title = 'Software Eng 2'
 
 [tests.value-after-table]
 script = '''
-alias pq ="./target/debug/pq"
-cat<<EOS | pq -t toml
+cat<<EOS | ./target/debug/pq -t toml
 {
   "name": "partiql-pokemon",
   "private": true,