diff --git a/RELEASE b/RELEASE
index 299f3c8a0..de7476668 100644
--- a/RELEASE
+++ b/RELEASE
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
                                   EYE release
 
+v4.18.5 (2023-10-01) supporting premis disjunction for refresh
 v4.18.4 (2023-10-01) simplifying resolution for refresh
 v4.18.3 (2023-09-30) fixing --pass-only-new for refresh
 v4.18.2 (2023-09-30) refresh with double negation
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
index df66f9557..b8a69b761 100644
--- a/VERSION
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-4.18.4
+4.18.5
diff --git a/eye.pl b/eye.pl
index 03c5b4796..50d484dea 100644
--- a/eye.pl
+++ b/eye.pl
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 :- use_module(library(pcre)).
 :- catch(use_module(library(http/http_open)), _, true).
 
-version_info('EYE v4.18.4 (2023-10-01)').
+version_info('EYE v4.18.5 (2023-10-01)').
 
 license_info('MIT License
 
@@ -649,6 +649,12 @@
             implies(C, E, _),
             \+is_list(E)
             ), '<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#implies>'(A, [E|D]), '<>')),
+    % premis disjunction
+    assertz(implies((
+            implies(A, B, _),
+            is_list(A),
+            member(E, A)
+            ), '<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#implies>'(E, B), '<>')),
     % double negation
     assertz(implies((
             implies('<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#implies>'(A, []), [], _)
@@ -4936,6 +4942,7 @@
         ;   true
         ),
         implies(Prem, Conc, Src),
+        \+is_list(Prem),
         ignore(Prem = true),
         (   flag(nope),
             \+flag('rule-histogram')
diff --git a/eye.zip b/eye.zip
index 65364cc05..374e8c03c 100644
Binary files a/eye.zip and b/eye.zip differ
diff --git a/reasoning/blogic/version.n3s.out b/reasoning/blogic/version.n3s.out
index 693290544..f7cdee0a7 100644
--- a/reasoning/blogic/version.n3s.out
+++ b/reasoning/blogic/version.n3s.out
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 @prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
 
-() log:version "EYE v4.18.4 (2023-10-01)".
+() log:version "EYE v4.18.5 (2023-10-01)".
diff --git a/reasoning/refresh/beetle12.n3 b/reasoning/refresh/beetle12.n3
index 5f86dc2db..2c8d6ed6e 100644
--- a/reasoning/refresh/beetle12.n3
+++ b/reasoning/refresh/beetle12.n3
@@ -101,56 +101,34 @@
 ).
 
 # pretty or nice or blue things are beautiful
-{
-    ?A :is :pretty11.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :pretty12.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :pretty21.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :pretty22.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :nice11.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :nice12.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :nice21.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :nice22.
-} => {
-    ?A :is :beautiful.
-}.
-
-{
-    ?A :is :blue.
-} => {
+(
+    {
+        ?A :is :pretty11.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :pretty12.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :pretty21.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :pretty22.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :nice11.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :nice12.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :nice21.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :nice22.
+    }
+    {
+        ?A :is :blue.
+    }
+) => {
     ?A :is :beautiful.
 }.