- * ThrottlingValve class. - *
- * - * @author esol - * @version $Id: $Id - */ public class Orifice extends TwoPortEquipment { - private static final long serialVersionUID = 1000; - static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Orifice.class); - SystemInterface thermoSystem; + private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; + private String name; + private StreamInterface inputstream; + private StreamInterface outputstream; + private Double dp; + private Double diameter; + private Double diameter_outer; + private Double C; + private double orificeDiameter; + private double pressureUpstream; + private double pressureDownstream; + private double dischargeCoefficient; - private boolean valveCvSet = false; - - private boolean isoThermal = false; - - double pressure = 0.0; - private double Cv; - private double maxMolarFlow = 1000.0; - private double minMolarFlow = 0.0; - private double maxValveOpening = 100.0; - private double minValveOpening = 0.0; - private double percentValveOpening = 100.0; - double molarFlow = 0.0; - private String pressureUnit = "bara"; - private boolean acceptNegativeDP = true; - ValveMechanicalDesign valveMechanicalDesign; - boolean isCalcPressure = false; - private boolean gasValve = true; - private double Fp = 1.0; - - /** - * * Constructor for ThrottlingValve. - * - * @param name name of valve - */ public Orifice(String name) { super(name); - setCalculateSteadyState(false); - } - - /** - *- * Constructor for ThrottlingValve. - *
- * - * @param name a {@link java.lang.String} object - * @param inletStream a {@link neqsim.process.equipment.stream.StreamInterface} object - */ - public Orifice(String name, StreamInterface inletStream) { - this(name); - setInletStream(inletStream); - } - - /** - *- * getDeltaPressure. - *
- * - * @param unit a {@link java.lang.String} object - * @return a double - */ - public double getDeltaPressure(String unit) { - return inStream.getFluid().getPressure(unit) - thermoSystem.getPressure(unit); - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public double getOutletPressure() { - return this.pressure; - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public SystemInterface getThermoSystem() { - return thermoSystem; - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public double getInletPressure() { - return getInletStream().getThermoSystem().getPressure(); - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void setPressure(double pressure) { - setOutletPressure(pressure); - } - - /** - *
- * Setter for the field pressure.
- *
- * setOutletPressure. - *
- * - * @param pressure a double - * @param unit a {@link java.lang.String} object - */ - public void setOutletPressure(double pressure, String unit) { - pressureUnit = unit; - this.pressure = pressure; - getOutletStream().getThermoSystem().setPressure(pressure, pressureUnit); - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public boolean needRecalculation() { - if (getInletStream().getThermoSystem().getTemperature() == thermoSystem.getTemperature() - && getInletStream().getThermoSystem().getPressure() == thermoSystem.getPressure() - && getInletStream().getThermoSystem().getFlowRate("kg/hr") == thermoSystem - .getFlowRate("kg/hr") - && getOutletPressure() == getOutletStream().getPressure()) { - return false; - } else { - return true; - } - } - - /** - * Adjusts the flow coefficient (Cv) based on the percentage valve opening. - * - * @param Cv Flow coefficient in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - * @param percentValveOpening Percentage valve opening (0 to 100). - * @return Adjusted flow coefficient (Cv) in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - */ - private static double adjustCv(double Cv, double percentValveOpening) { - return Cv * (percentValveOpening / 100); - } - - /** - * Calculates the mass flow rate through a control valve for a liquid based on the given - * parameters. - * - * @param P1 Upstream pressure in bar. - * @param P2 Downstream pressure in bar. - * @param rho Density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). - * @param Cv Flow coefficient in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - * @param Fp Piping geometry factor (dimensionless). - * @param percentValveOpening Percentage valve opening (0 to 100). - * @return Mass flow rate in kilograms per hour (kg/h). - */ - public static double liquidValveMassFlow(double P1, double P2, double rho, double Cv, double Fp, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Equation unit conversion constant - final double N1 = 0.0865; - - // Convert pressures from bar to Pascals directly in the code - double P1Pa = P1 * 100000; - double P2Pa = P2 * 100000; - - // Adjust Cv based on the percentage valve opening - double adjustedCv = adjustCv(Cv, percentValveOpening); - - // Clip Cv value to be non-negative - double clippedCv = Math.max(adjustedCv, 0); - // Calculate pressure difference and clip to be non-negative - double deltaP = Math.max(P1Pa - P2Pa, 0); - // Calculate mass flow rate - double massFlowRate = clippedCv * N1 * Fp * Math.sqrt(deltaP * rho); - - return massFlowRate; - } - - /** - * Calculates the percent valve opening given the mass flow rate through a valve, upstream - * pressure (P1), downstream pressure (P2), fluid density (rho), flow coefficient (Cv), and piping - * geometry factor (Fp). - * - * @param massFlowRate The mass flow rate through the valve in kg/hr. - * @param P1 The upstream pressure in bar. - * @param P2 The downstream pressure in bar. - * @param rho The density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). - * @param Cv The flow coefficient of the valve in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - * @param Fp The piping geometry factor (dimensionless). - * @return The percent valve opening. - */ - public static double calcPercentValveOpeningLiquid(double massFlowRate, double P1, double P2, - double rho, double Cv, double Fp) { - // Equation unit conversion constant - final double N1 = 0.0865; - - // Convert pressures from bar to Pascals directly in the code - double P1Pa = P1 * 100000; - double P2Pa = P2 * 100000; - - // Calculate pressure difference and clip to be non-negative - double deltaP = Math.max(P1Pa - P2Pa, 0); - - // Calculate the denominator part of the equation - double denominator = Cv * N1 * Fp * Math.sqrt(deltaP * rho); - - // Calculate percent valve opening - double percentValveOpening = (massFlowRate / denominator) * 100; - - return percentValveOpening; - } - - /** - * Calculates the downstream pressure (P2) through a control valve for a liquid based on the given - * parameters. - * - * @param P1 Upstream pressure in bar. - * @param m Mass flow rate in kilograms per hour (kg/h). - * @param rho Density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). - * @param Cv Flow coefficient in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - * @param Fp Piping geometry factor (dimensionless). - * @param percentValveOpening Percentage valve opening (0 to 100). - * @return Downstream pressure in bar. - */ - public static double liquidValvePout(double P1, double m, double rho, double Cv, double Fp, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Equation unit conversion constant - final double N1 = 0.0865; - - // Convert upstream pressure from bar to Pascals directly in the code - double P1Pa = P1 * 100000; - - // Adjust Cv based on the percentage valve opening - double adjustedCv = adjustCv(Cv, percentValveOpening); - - // Clip Cv value to be non-negative - double clippedCv = Math.max(adjustedCv, 0); - // Calculate deltaP from mass flow rate - double deltaP = Math.pow(m / (clippedCv * N1 * Fp), 2) / rho; - // Calculate downstream pressure - double P2Pa = P1Pa - deltaP; - - // Ensure downstream pressure is non-negative - P2Pa = Math.max(P2Pa, 0); - - // Convert downstream pressure from Pascals to bar directly in the code - return P2Pa / 100000; - } - - /** - * Calculates the flow coefficient (Cv) of a control valve for a liquid based on the given - * parameters. - * - * @param P1 Upstream pressure in bar. - * @param P2 Downstream pressure in bar. - * @param rho Density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). - * @param m Mass flow rate in kilograms per hour (kg/h). - * @param Fp Piping geometry factor (dimensionless). - * @param percentValveOpening Percentage valve opening (0 to 100). - * @return Flow coefficient (Cv) in US gallons per minute (USG/min). - */ - public static double liquidValveCv(double P1, double P2, double rho, double m, double Fp, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Equation unit conversion constant - final double N1 = 0.0865; - - // Convert pressures from bar to Pascals directly in the code - double P1Pa = P1 * 100000; - double P2Pa = P2 * 100000; - - // Calculate pressure difference and clip to be non-negative - double deltaP = Math.max(P1Pa - P2Pa, 0); - // Calculate flow coefficient - double Cv = m / (N1 * Fp * Math.sqrt(deltaP * rho)); - - // Adjust Cv based on the percentage valve opening - return Cv / (percentValveOpening / 100); - } - - /** - * Calculates the mass flow rate through a valve given the upstream pressure (Pus), downstream - * pressure (Pds), fluid density (rhous), and flow coefficient (Cv). - * - *- * The calculation is based on the formula for mass flow through a valve. - *
- * - * @param Pus The upstream pressure (Pus) in bara. - * @param Pds The downstream pressure (Pds) in bara. - * @param rhous The density of the fluid upstream of the valve in kg/m^3. - * @param Cv The flow coefficient of the valve. - * @param percentValveOpening Opening of valve in % - * @return The mass flow rate through the valve in kg/hr. - */ - public double calcmassflow(double Pus, double Pds, double rhous, double Cv, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Sine of 3417 / 30.0 - double sineFactor = Math.sin(3417 / 30.0); - - // Calculate the mass flow rate - double massFlowRate = 0.0457 * Math.sqrt(Pus * 100.0 * rhous) * sineFactor - * Math.sqrt((Pus - Pds) / Pus) * Cv * percentValveOpening / 100.0; - return massFlowRate; - } - - /** - * Calculates the downstream pressure (Pds) of a valve given the upstream pressure (Pus), fluid - * density (rhous), flow coefficient (Cv), mass flow rate, and the percent valve opening. - * - * The calculation is based on the formula for mass flow through a valve, rearranged to solve for - * Pds. - * - * @param Pus The upstream pressure (Pus) in bara. - * @param rhous The density of the fluid upstream of the valve in kg/m^3. - * @param Cv The flow coefficient of the valve. - * @param massFlowRate The mass flow rate through the valve in kg/hr. - * @param percentValveOpening Opening of valve in % - * @return The downstream pressure (Pds) in bara. - */ - public double calcValvePout(double Pus, double rhous, double Cv, double massFlowRate, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Sine of 3417 / 30.0 - double sineFactor = Math.sin(3417 / 30.0); - - // Calculate the term that involves the mass flow rate, Cv, and percent valve opening - double flowTerm = (massFlowRate / (0.0457 * Math.sqrt(Pus * 100.0 * rhous) * sineFactor * Cv - * (percentValveOpening / 100.0))); - - // Square the flowTerm to eliminate the square root - double flowTermSquared = flowTerm * flowTerm; - - // Calculate Pds - double Pds = Pus * (1 - flowTermSquared); - - return Pds; - } - - /** - * Calculates the flow coefficient (Cv) of a valve given the upstream pressure (Pus), downstream - * pressure (Pds), fluid density (rhous), mass flow rate, and the percent valve opening. - * - * The calculation is based on the formula for mass flow through a valve, rearranged to solve for - * Cv. - * - * @param Pus The upstream pressure (Pus) in bara. - * @param Pds The downstream pressure (Pds) in bara. - * @param rhous The density of the fluid upstream of the valve in kg/m^3. - * @param massFlowRate The mass flow rate through the valve in kg/hr. - * @param percentValveOpening Opening of valve in % - * @return The flow coefficient (Cv) of the valve. - */ - public double calcCv(double Pus, double Pds, double rhous, double massFlowRate, - double percentValveOpening) { - // Sine of 3417 / 30.0 - double sineFactor = Math.sin(3417 / 30.0); - - // Calculate Cv - double Cv = massFlowRate / (0.0457 * Math.sqrt(Pus * 100.0 * rhous) * sineFactor - * Math.sqrt((Pus - Pds) / Pus) * percentValveOpening / 100.0); - - return Cv; - } - - /** - * Calculates the percent valve opening given the upstream pressure (Pus), downstream pressure - * (Pds), fluid density (rhous), flow coefficient (Cv), and mass flow rate. - * - * The calculation is based on the formula for mass flow through a valve, rearranged to solve for - * percent valve opening. - * - * @param Pus The upstream pressure (Pus) in bara. - * @param Pds The downstream pressure (Pds) in bara. - * @param rhous The density of the fluid upstream of the valve in kg/m^3. - * @param Cv The flow coefficient of the valve. - * @param massFlowRate The mass flow rate through the valve in kg/hr. - * @return The percent valve opening. - */ - public double calcPercentValveOpening(double Pus, double Pds, double rhous, double Cv, - double massFlowRate) { - // Sine of 3417 / 30.0 - double sineFactor = Math.sin(3417 / 30.0); - - // Calculate the term that involves the mass flow rate, Pus, rhous, and Cv - double term = massFlowRate / (0.0457 * Math.sqrt(Pus * 100 * rhous) * sineFactor * Cv); - - // Calculate the percent valve opening - double percentValveOpening = term / Math.sqrt(1 - (Pds / Pus)) * 100.0; - - return percentValveOpening; - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void run(UUID id) { - // System.out.println("valve running.."); - // outStream.setSpecification(inletStream.getSpecification()); - thermoSystem = getInletStream().getThermoSystem().clone(); - ThermodynamicOperations thermoOps = new ThermodynamicOperations(thermoSystem); - thermoSystem.init(3); - double enthalpy = thermoSystem.getEnthalpy(); - inStream.getThermoSystem().initPhysicalProperties(PhysicalPropertyType.MASS_DENSITY); - double outp = 0.0; - - if (inStream.getThermoSystem().hasPhaseType(PhaseType.GAS) - && inStream.getThermoSystem().getVolumeFraction(0) > 0.9) { - setGasValve(true); - } else { - setGasValve(false); - } - - if (valveCvSet && isCalcPressure) { - if (gasValve) { - outp = calcValvePout(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - inStream.getThermoSystem().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr"), - percentValveOpening); - } else { - outp = - liquidValvePout(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr"), - inStream.getThermoSystem().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, Fp, percentValveOpening); - } - setOutletPressure(outp); - } - - if ((thermoSystem.getPressure(pressureUnit) - pressure) < 0) { - if (isAcceptNegativeDP()) { - thermoSystem.setPressure(pressure, pressureUnit); - } - } else { - thermoSystem.setPressure(pressure, pressureUnit); - } - - if (getSpecification().equals("out stream")) { - thermoSystem.setPressure(outStream.getPressure(), pressureUnit); - } - // System.out.println("enthalpy inn.." + enthalpy); - // thermoOps.PHflash(enthalpy, 0); - if (isIsoThermal() || Math.abs(pressure - inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure()) < 1e-6 - || thermoSystem.getNumberOfMoles() < 1e-12) { - thermoOps.TPflash(); - } else { - thermoOps.PHflash(enthalpy, 0); - } - outStream.setThermoSystem(thermoSystem); - // System.out.println("Total volume flow " + - // outStream.getThermoSystem().getVolume()); - // System.out.println("density valve " + - // inletStream.getThermoSystem().getDensity()); - - if (!valveCvSet) { - // If valve CV is not set, calculate it from inletstream flow, percent opening - // and - // differential pressure over valve. - if (gasValve) { - Cv = calcCv(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), - inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr"), percentValveOpening); - } else { - Cv = liquidValveCv(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), - inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr"), Fp, percentValveOpening); - } - valveCvSet = true; - } - if (gasValve) { - percentValveOpening = calcPercentValveOpening(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, - inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr")); - } else { - percentValveOpening = calcPercentValveOpeningLiquid(inStream.getFlowRate("kg/hr"), - inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, Fp); - } - - if (gasValve) { - molarFlow = calcmassflow(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, - percentValveOpening) / 3600.0 / inStream.getFluid().getMolarMass("kg/mol"); - } else { - molarFlow = liquidValveMassFlow(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, - Fp, percentValveOpening) / 3600.0 / inStream.getFluid().getMolarMass("kg/mol"); - } - - if (Math.abs(pressure - inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure()) < 1e-6) { - molarFlow = inStream.getThermoSystem().getTotalNumberOfMoles(); - } - - try { - inStream.getThermoSystem().setTotalNumberOfMoles(molarFlow); - inStream.getThermoSystem().init(3); - } catch (Exception ex) { - logger.error(ex.getMessage()); - } - // inletStream.run(id); - - outStream.setThermoSystem(thermoSystem.clone()); - outStream.getThermoSystem().setTotalNumberOfMoles(molarFlow); - outStream.getThermoSystem().init(3); - outStream.setCalculationIdentifier(id); - setCalculationIdentifier(id); } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void displayResult() { - thermoSystem.display(getName()); + public Orifice(String name, double diameter, double orificeDiameter, double pressureUpstream, + double pressureDownstream, double dischargeCoefficient) { + super(name); + this.diameter = diameter; + this.orificeDiameter = orificeDiameter; + this.pressureUpstream = pressureUpstream; + this.pressureDownstream = pressureDownstream; + this.dischargeCoefficient = dischargeCoefficient; } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public String[][] getResultTable() { - return thermoSystem.getResultTable(); + public void setInputStream(StreamInterface stream) { + this.inputstream = stream; + this.outputstream = (StreamInterface) stream.clone(); } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void runTransient(double dt, UUID id) { - if (getCalculateSteadyState()) { - run(id); - increaseTime(dt); - return; - } - - runController(dt, id); - - thermoSystem = inStream.getThermoSystem().clone(); - ThermodynamicOperations thermoOps = new ThermodynamicOperations(thermoSystem); - thermoSystem.init(3); - - double enthalpy = thermoSystem.getEnthalpy(); - thermoSystem.setPressure(getOutletStream().getThermoSystem().getPressure()); - // System.out.println("enthalpy inn.." + enthalpy); - if (isIsoThermal()) { - thermoOps.TPflash(); - } else { - thermoOps.PHflash(enthalpy, 0); - } - thermoSystem.initPhysicalProperties(PhysicalPropertyType.MASS_DENSITY); - outStream.setThermoSystem(thermoSystem); - - if (gasValve) { - molarFlow = calcmassflow(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, - percentValveOpening) / 3600.0 / inStream.getFluid().getMolarMass("kg/mol"); - } else { - molarFlow = liquidValveMassFlow(inStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), - outStream.getThermoSystem().getPressure(), inStream.getFluid().getDensity("kg/m3"), Cv, - Fp, percentValveOpening) / 3600.0 / inStream.getFluid().getMolarMass("kg/mol"); - } - - try { - inStream.getThermoSystem().setTotalNumberOfMoles(molarFlow); - inStream.getThermoSystem().init(1); - inStream.run(id); - } catch (Exception ex) { - logger.error(ex.getMessage()); - } - try { - outStream.getThermoSystem().setTotalNumberOfMoles(molarFlow); - outStream.getThermoSystem().init(1); - outStream.run(id); - } catch (Exception ex) { - logger.error(ex.getMessage()); - } - setCalculationIdentifier(id); - } - - /** - *- * runController. - *
- * - * @param dt a double - * @param id Calculation identifier - */ - public void runController(double dt, UUID id) { - if (hasController && getController().isActive()) { - getController().runTransient(this.percentValveOpening, dt, id); - this.percentValveOpening = getController().getResponse(); - if (this.percentValveOpening > maxValveOpening) { - this.percentValveOpening = maxValveOpening; - } - if (this.percentValveOpening < minValveOpening) { - this.percentValveOpening = minValveOpening; - } - // System.out.println("valve opening " + this.percentValveOpening + " %"); - } - setCalculationIdentifier(id); + public StreamInterface getOutputStream() { + return outputstream; } - /** - *- * setMinimumValveOpening. - *
- * - * @param minopen a double - */ - public void setMinimumValveOpening(double minopen) { - minValveOpening = minopen; + public void setOrificeParameters(Double diameter, Double diameter_outer, Double C) { + this.diameter = diameter; + this.diameter_outer = diameter_outer; + this.C = C; } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public double getCv() { - return Cv; - } + public Double calc_dp() { + double beta = orificeDiameter / diameter; + double beta2 = beta * beta; + double beta4 = beta2 * beta2; + double dP = pressureUpstream - pressureDownstream; - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public double getCv(String unit) { - if (unit.equals("US")) { - return Cv / 54.9; - } else { - return Cv; - } - } + double deltaW = (Math.sqrt(1.0 - beta4 * (1.0 - dischargeCoefficient * dischargeCoefficient)) + - dischargeCoefficient * beta2) + / (Math.sqrt(1.0 - beta4 * (1.0 - dischargeCoefficient * dischargeCoefficient)) + + dischargeCoefficient * beta2) + * dP; - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void setCv(double cv) { - this.Cv = cv; - valveCvSet = true; + return deltaW; } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ @Override - public void setCv(double cv, String unit) { - if (unit.equals("US")) { - this.Cv = cv * 54.9; - } else { - this.Cv = cv; + public void run(UUID uuid) { + if (inputstream != null && outputstream != null) { + double newPressure = inputstream.getPressure("bara") - calc_dp(); + outputstream.getFluid().setPressure(newPressure, "bara"); + outputstream.run(); } - valveCvSet = true; - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public double getPercentValveOpening() { - return percentValveOpening; } - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public void setPercentValveOpening(double percentValveOpening) { - this.percentValveOpening = percentValveOpening; - } - - /** - *- * isValveCvSet. - *
- * - * @return a boolean - */ - public boolean isValveCvSet() { - return valveCvSet; - } - - /** - *
- * Setter for the field valveCvSet.
- *
- * isAcceptNegativeDP. - *
- * - * @return a boolean - */ - public boolean isAcceptNegativeDP() { - return acceptNegativeDP; - } - - /** - *
- * Setter for the field acceptNegativeDP.
- *
- * setIsCalcOutPressure. - *
- * - * @param isSetPres a boolean - */ - public void setIsCalcOutPressure(boolean isSetPres) { - isCalcPressure = isSetPres; - } - - /** {@inheritDoc} */ - @Override - public String toJson() { - return new GsonBuilder().create().toJson(new ValveResponse(this)); - } - - /** - *- * isGasValve. - *
- * - * @return a boolean - */ - public boolean isGasValve() { - return gasValve; - } - - /** - *
- * Setter for the field gasValve.
- *
- * getFp. - *
- * - * @return a double - */ - public double getFp() { - return Fp; - } - - /** - *- * setFp. - *
- * - * @param fp a double - */ - public void setFp(double fp) { - Fp = fp; - } }