diff --git a/test/common.py b/test/common.py
index 18e785fe8e4d3..88dc4b97ead63 100644
--- a/test/common.py
+++ b/test/common.py
@@ -1551,7 +1551,9 @@ def check_expected_size_in_file(self, desc, filename, size):
     expected_size = int(read_file(filename).strip())
     delta = size - expected_size
     ratio = abs(delta) / float(expected_size)
-    print('  seen %s size: %d (expected: %d) (delta: %d), ratio to expected: %f' % (desc, size, expected_size, delta, ratio))
+    print(
+      '  seen %s size: %d (expected: %d) (delta: %d), ratio to expected: %f' % (desc, size, expected_size, delta, ratio)
+    )
     self.assertLess(ratio, size_slack)
 
   library_cache: Dict[str, Tuple[str, object]] = {}
diff --git a/test/test_browser.py b/test/test_browser.py
index 76619cb8e9c48..d6f423a2b30c1 100644
--- a/test/test_browser.py
+++ b/test/test_browser.py
@@ -5753,9 +5753,7 @@ def test_small_js_flags(self):
     print('size:', size)
     # Note that this size includes test harness additions (for reporting the result, etc.).
     if not self.is_wasm64() and not self.is_2gb():
-      self.check_expected_size_in_file('js',
-                                       test_file('browser/test_small_js_flags.js.size'),
-                                       size)
+      self.check_expected_size_in_file('js', test_file('browser/test_small_js_flags.js.size'), size)
 
   # Tests that it is possible to initialize and render WebGL content in a
   # pthread by using OffscreenCanvas.
diff --git a/test/test_other.py b/test/test_other.py
index d0d01d35a3f6b..2e3321bb33fa8 100644
--- a/test/test_other.py
+++ b/test/test_other.py
@@ -3321,6 +3321,7 @@ def test_extern_prepost(self):
       'emitDCEGraph3': (['emitDCEGraph', '--no-print'],),
       'emitDCEGraph4': (['emitDCEGraph', '--no-print'],),
       'emitDCEGraph5': (['emitDCEGraph', '--no-print'],),
+      'emitDCEGraph-scopes': (['emitDCEGraph', '--no-print'],),
       'minimal-runtime-applyDCEGraphRemovals': (['applyDCEGraphRemovals'],),
       'applyDCEGraphRemovals': (['applyDCEGraphRemovals'],),
       'applyImportAndExportNameChanges': (['applyImportAndExportNameChanges'],),
diff --git a/tools/link.py b/tools/link.py
index 5cae27464cd90..b495012b620bc 100644
--- a/tools/link.py
+++ b/tools/link.py
@@ -1504,7 +1504,7 @@ def phase_linker_setup(options, state, newargs):  # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915
       if 'MODULARIZE' in user_settings:
         exit_with_error('EXPORT_ES6 requires MODULARIZE to be set')
       settings.MODULARIZE = 1
-    if shared.target_environment_may_be('node') and not settings.USE_ES6_IMPORT_META:
+    if settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE and not settings.USE_ES6_IMPORT_META:
       # EXPORT_ES6 + ENVIRONMENT=*node* requires the use of import.meta.url
       if 'USE_ES6_IMPORT_META' in user_settings:
         exit_with_error('EXPORT_ES6 and ENVIRONMENT=*node* requires USE_ES6_IMPORT_META to be set')
@@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ def get_full_import_name(name):
   if settings.NODE_CODE_CACHING:
     if settings.WASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION:
       exit_with_error('NODE_CODE_CACHING requires sync compilation (WASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION=0)')
-    if not shared.target_environment_may_be('node'):
+    if not settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE:
       exit_with_error('NODE_CODE_CACHING only works in node, but target environments do not include it')
     if settings.SINGLE_FILE:
       exit_with_error('NODE_CODE_CACHING saves a file on the side and is not compatible with SINGLE_FILE')
@@ -2458,11 +2458,11 @@ def phase_binaryen(target, options, wasm_target):
 
 
 def node_es6_imports():
-  if not settings.EXPORT_ES6 or not shared.target_environment_may_be('node'):
+  if not settings.EXPORT_ES6 or not settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE:
     return ''
 
   # Multi-environment builds uses `await import` in `shell.js`
-  if shared.target_environment_may_be('web'):
+  if settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_WEB:
     return ''
 
   # Use static import declaration if we only target Node.js
@@ -2488,7 +2488,7 @@ def modularize():
 
   # Multi-environment ES6 builds require an async function
   async_emit = ''
-  if settings.EXPORT_ES6 and shared.target_environment_may_be('node') and shared.target_environment_may_be('web'):
+  if settings.EXPORT_ES6 and settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE and settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_WEB:
     async_emit = 'async '
 
   # TODO: Remove when https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=223533 is resolved.
@@ -2536,7 +2536,7 @@ def modularize():
       script_url = 'import.meta.url'
     else:
       script_url = "typeof document != 'undefined' ? document.currentScript?.src : undefined"
-      if shared.target_environment_may_be('node'):
+      if settings.ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE:
         script_url_node = "if (typeof __filename != 'undefined') _scriptName = _scriptName || __filename;"
     if settings.MODULARIZE == 'instance':
       src = '''%(node_imports)s