title	section	header	footer	date
BEET	1	User Manual	beets 1.6.0	July 12, 2022

NAME

beet - command-line interface to beets

SYNOPSIS

| beet [args...] command [args...] | beet help command

beet is the command-line interface to beets.

You invoke beets by specifying a command, like so:

beet COMMAND [ARGS...]

The rest of this document describes the available commands. If you ever need a quick list of what's available, just type beet help or beet help COMMAND for help with a specific command.

Beets also offers shell completion. For bash, see the completion command; for zsh, see the accompanying completion script for the beet command.

Commands

Here are the built-in commands available in beets:

Also be sure to see the global flags <global-flags>.

import

beet import [-CWAPRqst] [-l LOGPATH] PATH...
beet import [options] -L QUERY

Add music to your library, attempting to get correct tags for it from MusicBrainz.

Point the command at some music: directories, single files, or compressed archives. The music will be copied to a configurable directory structure and added to a library database. The command is interactive and will try to get you to verify MusicBrainz tags that it thinks are suspect. See the autotagging guide </guides/tagger> for detail on how to use the interactive tag-correction flow.

Directories passed to the import command can contain either a single album or many, in which case the leaf directories will be considered albums (the latter case is true of typical Artist/Album organizations and many people's "downloads" folders). The path can also be a single song or an archive. Beets supports [zip]{.title-ref} and [tar]{.title-ref} archives out of the box. To extract [rar]{.title-ref} files, install the rarfile package and the [unrar]{.title-ref} command. To extract [7z]{.title-ref} files, install the py7zr package.

Optional command flags:

By default, the command copies files to your library directory and updates the ID3 tags on your music. In order to move the files, instead of copying, use the -m (move) option. If you'd like to leave your music files untouched, try the -C (don't copy) and -W (don't write tags) options. You can also disable this behavior by default in the configuration file (below).
Also, you can disable the autotagging behavior entirely using -A (don't autotag)---then your music will be imported with its existing metadata.
During a long tagging import, it can be useful to keep track of albums that weren't tagged successfully---either because they're not in the MusicBrainz database or because something's wrong with the files. Use the -l option to specify a filename to log every time you skip an album or import it "as-is" or an album gets skipped as a duplicate. You can later review the file manually or import skipped paths from the logfile automatically by using the --from-logfile LOGFILE argument.
Relatedly, the -q (quiet) option can help with large imports by autotagging without ever bothering to ask for user input. Whenever the normal autotagger mode would ask for confirmation, the quiet mode pessimistically skips the album. The quiet mode also disables the tagger's ability to resume interrupted imports.
Speaking of resuming interrupted imports, the tagger will prompt you if it seems like the last import of the directory was interrupted (by you or by a crash). If you want to skip this prompt, you can say "yes" automatically by providing -p or "no" using -P. The resuming feature can be disabled by default using a configuration option (see below).
If you want to import only the new stuff from a directory, use the -i option to run an incremental import. With this flag, beets will keep track of every directory it ever imports and avoid importing them again. This is useful if you have an "incoming" directory that you periodically add things to. To get this to work correctly, you'll need to use an incremental import every time you run an import on the directory in question---including the first time, when no subdirectories will be skipped. So consider enabling the incremental configuration option.
When beets applies metadata to your music, it will retain the value of any existing tags that weren't overwritten, and import them into the database. You may prefer to only use existing metadata for finding matches, and to erase it completely when new metadata is applied. You can enforce this behavior with the --from-scratch option, or the from_scratch configuration option.
By default, beets will proceed without asking if it finds a very close metadata match. To disable this and have the importer ask you every time, use the -t (for timid) option.
The importer typically works in a whole-album-at-a-time mode. If you instead want to import individual, non-album tracks, use the singleton mode by supplying the -s option.
If you have an album that's split across several directories under a common top directory, use the --flat option. This takes all the music files under the directory (recursively) and treats them as a single large album instead of as one album per directory. This can help with your more stubborn multi-disc albums.
Similarly, if you have one directory that contains multiple albums, use the --group-albums option to split the files based on their metadata before matching them as separate albums.
If you want to preview which files would be imported, use the --pretend option. If set, beets will just print a list of files that it would otherwise import.
If you already have a metadata backend ID that matches the items to be imported, you can instruct beets to restrict the search to that ID instead of searching for other candidates by using the --search-id SEARCH_ID option. Multiple IDs can be specified by simply repeating the option several times.
You can supply --set field=value to assign [field]{.title-ref} to [value]{.title-ref} on import. These assignments will merge with (and possibly override) the set_fields configuration dictionary. You can use the option multiple times on the command line, like so:
```
beet import --set genre="Alternative Rock" --set mood="emotional"
```

Reimporting

The import command can also be used to "reimport" music that you've already added to your library. This is useful when you change your mind about some selections you made during the initial import, or if you prefer to import everything "as-is" and then correct tags later.

Just point the beet import command at a directory of files that are already catalogged in your library. Beets will automatically detect this situation and avoid duplicating any items. In this situation, the "copy files" option (-c/-C on the command line or copy in the config file) has slightly different behavior: it causes files to be moved, rather than duplicated, if they're already in your library. (The same is true, of course, if move is enabled.) That is, your directory structure will be updated to reflect the new tags if copying is enabled; you never end up with two copies of the file.

The -L (--library) flag is also useful for retagging. Instead of listing paths you want to import on the command line, specify a query string <query> that matches items from your library. In this case, the -s (singleton) flag controls whether the query matches individual items or full albums. If you want to retag your whole library, just supply a null query, which matches everything: beet import -L

Note that, if you just want to update your files' tags according to changes in the MusicBrainz database, the /plugins/mbsync is a better choice. Reimporting uses the full matching machinery to guess metadata matches; mbsync just relies on MusicBrainz IDs.

list

beet list [-apf] QUERY

Queries <query> the database for music.

Want to search for "Gronlandic Edit" by of Montreal? Try beet list gronlandic. Maybe you want to see everything released in 2009 with "vegetables" in the title? Try beet list year:2009 title:vegetables. You can also specify the sort order. (Read more in query.)

You can use the -a switch to search for albums instead of individual items. In this case, the queries you use are restricted to album-level fields: for example, you can search for year:1969 but query parts for item-level fields like title:foo will be ignored. Remember that artist is an item-level field; albumartist is the corresponding album field.

The -p option makes beets print out filenames of matched items, which might be useful for piping into other Unix commands (such as xargs). Similarly, the -f option lets you specify a specific format with which to print every album or track. This uses the same template syntax as beets' path formats <pathformat>. For example, the command beet ls -af '$album: $albumtotal' beatles prints out the number of tracks on each Beatles album. In Unix shells, remember to enclose the template argument in single quotes to avoid environment variable expansion.

remove

beet remove [-adf] QUERY

Remove music from your library.

This command uses the same query <query> syntax as the list command. By default, it just removes entries from the library database; it doesn't touch the files on disk. To actually delete the files, use the -d flag. When the -a flag is given, the command operates on albums instead of individual tracks.

When you run the remove command, it prints a list of all affected items in the library and asks for your permission before removing them. You can then choose to abort (type [n]{.title-ref}), confirm ([y]{.title-ref}), or interactively choose some of the items ([s]{.title-ref}). In the latter case, the command will prompt you for every matching item or album and invite you to type [y]{.title-ref} to remove the item/album, [n]{.title-ref} to keep it or [q]{.title-ref} to exit and only remove the items/albums selected up to this point. This option lets you choose precisely which tracks/albums to remove without spending too much time to carefully craft a query. If you do not want to be prompted at all, use the -f option.

modify

beet modify [-MWay] [-f FORMAT] QUERY [FIELD=VALUE...] [FIELD!...]

Change the metadata for items or albums in the database.

Supply a query <query> matching the things you want to change and a series of field=value pairs. For example, beet modify genius of love artist="Tom Tom Club" will change the artist for the track "Genius of Love." To remove fields (which is only possible for flexible attributes), follow a field name with an exclamation point: field!.

The -a switch also operates on albums in addition to the individual tracks. Without this flag, the command will only change track-level data, even if all the tracks belong to the same album. If you want to change an album-level field, such as year or albumartist, you'll want to use the -a flag to avoid a confusing situation where the data for individual tracks conflicts with the data for the whole album.

Items will automatically be moved around when necessary if they're in your library directory, but you can disable that with -M. Tags will be written to the files according to the settings you have for imports, but these can be overridden with -w (write tags, the default) and -W (don't write tags).

When you run the modify command, it prints a list of all affected items in the library and asks for your permission before making any changes. You can then choose to abort the change (type [n]{.title-ref}), confirm ([y]{.title-ref}), or interactively choose some of the items ([s]{.title-ref}). In the latter case, the command will prompt you for every matching item or album and invite you to type [y]{.title-ref} to apply the changes, [n]{.title-ref} to discard them or [q]{.title-ref} to exit and apply the selected changes. This option lets you choose precisely which data to change without spending too much time to carefully craft a query. To skip the prompts entirely, use the -y option.

move

beet move [-capt] [-d DIR] QUERY

Move or copy items in your library.

This command, by default, acts as a library consolidator: items matching the query are renamed into your library directory structure. By specifying a destination directory with -d manually, you can move items matching a query anywhere in your filesystem. The -c option copies files instead of moving them. As with other commands, the -a option matches albums instead of items. The -e flag (for "export") copies files without changing the database.

To perform a "dry run", just use the -p (for "pretend") flag. This will show you a list of files that would be moved but won't actually change anything on disk. The -t option sets the timid mode which will ask again before really moving or copying the files.

update

beet update [-F] FIELD [-aM] QUERY

Update the library (and, by default, move files) to reflect out-of-band metadata changes and file deletions.

This will scan all the matched files and read their tags, populating the database with the new values. By default, files will be renamed according to their new metadata; disable this with -M. Beets will skip files if their modification times have not changed, so any out-of-band metadata changes must also update these for beet update to recognise that the files have been edited.

To perform a "dry run" of an update, just use the -p (for "pretend") flag. This will show you all the proposed changes but won't actually change anything on disk.

By default, all the changed metadata will be populated back to the database. If you only want certain fields to be written, specify them with the `-F[ flags (which can be used multiple times). For the list of supported fields, please see ]{.title-ref}beet fields`.

When an updated track is part of an album, the album-level fields of all tracks from the album are also updated. (Specifically, the command copies album-level data from the first track on the album and applies it to the rest of the tracks.) This means that, if album-level fields aren't identical within an album, some changes shown by the update command may be overridden by data from other tracks on the same album. This means that running the update command multiple times may show the same changes being applied.

write

beet write [-pf] [QUERY]

Write metadata from the database into files' tags.

When you make changes to the metadata stored in beets' library database (during import or with the modify-cmd command, for example), you often have the option of storing changes only in the database, leaving your files untouched. The write command lets you later change your mind and write the contents of the database into the files. By default, this writes the changes only if there is a difference between the database and the tags in the file.

You can think of this command as the opposite of update-cmd.

The -p option previews metadata changes without actually applying them.

The -f option forces a write to the file, even if the file tags match the database. This is useful for making sure that enabled plugins that run on write (e.g., the Scrub and Zero plugins) are run on the file.

stats

beet stats [-e] [QUERY]

Show some statistics on your entire library (if you don't provide a query <query>) or the matched items (if you do).

By default, the command calculates file sizes using their bitrate and duration. The -e (--exact) option reads the exact sizes of each file (but is slower). The exact mode also outputs the exact duration in seconds.

fields

beet fields

Show the item and album metadata fields available for use in query and pathformat. The listing includes any template fields provided by plugins and any flexible attributes you've manually assigned to your items and albums.

config

beet config [-pdc]
beet config -e

Show or edit the user configuration. This command does one of three things:

With no options, print a YAML representation of the current user configuration. With the --default option, beets' default options are also included in the dump.
The --path option instead shows the path to your configuration file. This can be combined with the --default flag to show where beets keeps its internal defaults.
By default, sensitive information like passwords is removed when dumping the configuration. The --clear option includes this sensitive data.
With the --edit option, beets attempts to open your config file for editing. It first tries the $EDITOR environment variable and then a fallback option depending on your platform: open on OS X, xdg-open on Unix, and direct invocation on Windows.

Global Flags

Beets has a few "global" flags that affect all commands. These must appear between the executable name (beet) and the command---for example, beet -v import ....

-l LIBPATH: specify the library database file to use.
-d DIRECTORY: specify the library root directory.
-v: verbose mode; prints out a deluge of debugging information. Please use this flag when reporting bugs. You can use it twice, as in -vv, to make beets even more verbose.
-c FILE: read a specified YAML configuration file <config>. This configuration works as an overlay: rather than replacing your normal configuration options entirely, the two are merged. Any individual options set in this config file will override the corresponding settings in your base configuration.
-p plugins: specify a comma-separated list of plugins to enable. If specified, the plugin list in your configuration is ignored. The long form of this argument also allows specifying no plugins, effectively disabling all plugins: --plugins=.
-P plugins: specify a comma-separated list of plugins to disable in a specific beets run. This will overwrite -p if used with it. To disable all plugins, use --plugins= instead.

Beets also uses the BEETSDIR environment variable to look for configuration and data.

Shell Completion

Beets includes support for shell command completion. The command beet completion prints out a bash 3.2 script; to enable completion put a line like this into your .bashrc or similar file:

eval "$(beet completion)"

Or, to avoid slowing down your shell startup time, you can pipe the beet completion output to a file and source that instead.

You will also need to source the bash-completion script, which is probably available via your package manager. On OS X, you can install it via Homebrew with brew install bash-completion; Homebrew will give you instructions for sourcing the script.

The completion script suggests names of subcommands and (after typing -) options of the given command. If you are using a command that accepts a query, the script will also complete field names. :

beet list ar[TAB]
# artist:  artist_credit:  artist_sort:  artpath:
beet list artp[TAB]
beet list artpath\:

(Don't worry about the slash in front of the colon: this is a escape sequence for the shell and won't be seen by beets.)

Completion of plugin commands only works for those plugins that were enabled when running beet completion. If you add a plugin later on you will want to re-generate the script.

zsh

If you use zsh, take a look at the included completion script. The script should be placed in a directory that is part of your fpath, and [not]{.title-ref} sourced in your .zshrc. Running echo $fpath will give you a list of valid directories.

Another approach is to use zsh's bash completion compatibility. This snippet defines some bash-specific functions to make this work without errors:

autoload bashcompinit
bashcompinit
_get_comp_words_by_ref() { :; }
compopt() { :; }
_filedir() { :; }
eval "$(beet completion)"

Queries

Many of beets' commands <cli> are built around query strings: searches that select tracks and albums from your library. This page explains the query string syntax, which is meant to vaguely resemble the syntax used by Web search engines.

Keyword

This command:

$ beet list love

will show all tracks matching the query string love. By default any unadorned word like this matches in a track's title, artist, album name, album artist, genre and comments. See below on how to search other fields.

For example, this is what I might see when I run the command above:

Against Me! - Reinventing Axl Rose - I Still Love You Julie
Air - Love 2 - Do the Joy
Bag Raiders - Turbo Love - Shooting Stars
Bat for Lashes - Two Suns - Good Love
...

Combining Keywords

Multiple keywords are implicitly joined with a Boolean "and." That is, if a query has two keywords, it only matches tracks that contain both keywords. For example, this command:

$ beet ls magnetic tomorrow

matches songs from the album "The House of Tomorrow" by The Magnetic Fields in my library. It doesn't match other songs by the Magnetic Fields, nor does it match "Tomorrowland" by Walter Meego---those songs only have one of the two keywords I specified.

Keywords can also be joined with a Boolean "or" using a comma. For example, the command:

$ beet ls magnetic tomorrow , beatles yesterday

will match both "The House of Tomorrow" by the Magnetic Fields, as well as "Yesterday" by The Beatles. Note that the comma has to be followed by a space (e.g., foo,bar will be treated as a single keyword, not as an OR-query).

Specific Fields

Sometimes, a broad keyword match isn't enough. Beets supports a syntax that lets you query a specific field---only the artist, only the track title, and so on. Just say field:value, where field is the name of the thing you're trying to match (such as artist, album, or title) and value is the keyword you're searching for.

For example, while this query:

$ beet list dream

matches a lot of songs in my library, this more-specific query:

$ beet list artist:dream

only matches songs by the artist The-Dream. One query I especially appreciate is one that matches albums by year:

$ beet list -a year:2012

Recall that -a makes the list command show albums instead of individual tracks, so this command shows me all the releases I have from this year.

Phrases

You can query for strings with spaces in them by quoting or escaping them using your shell's argument syntax. For example, this command:

$ beet list the rebel

shows several tracks in my library, but these (equivalent) commands:

$ beet list "the rebel"
$ beet list the\ rebel

only match the track "The Rebel" by Buck 65. Note that the quotes and backslashes are not part of beets' syntax; I'm just using the escaping functionality of my shell (bash or zsh, for instance) to pass the rebel as a single argument instead of two.

Exact Matches

While ordinary queries perform substring matches, beets can also match whole strings by adding either = (case-sensitive) or ~ (ignore case) after the field name's colon and before the expression:

$ beet list artist:air
$ beet list artist:~air
$ beet list artist:=AIR

The first query is a simple substring one that returns tracks by Air, AIR, and Air Supply. The second query returns tracks by Air and AIR, since both are a case-insensitive match for the entire expression, but does not return anything by Air Supply. The third query, which requires a case-sensitive exact match, returns tracks by AIR only.

Exact matches may be performed on phrases as well:

$ beet list artist:~"dave matthews"
$ beet list artist:="Dave Matthews"

Both of these queries return tracks by Dave Matthews, but not by Dave Matthews Band.

To search for exact matches across all fields, just prefix the expression with a single = or ~:

$ beet list ~crash
$ beet list ="American Football"

Regular Expressions

In addition to simple substring and exact matches, beets also supports regular expression matching for more advanced queries. To run a regex query, use an additional : between the field name and the expression:

$ beet list "artist::Ann(a|ie)"

That query finds songs by Anna Calvi and Annie but not Annuals. Similarly, this query prints the path to any file in my library that's missing a track title:

$ beet list -p title::^$

To search all fields using a regular expression, just prefix the expression with a single :, like so:

$ beet list ":Ho[pm]eless"

Regular expressions are case-sensitive and build on Python's built-in implementation. See Python's documentation for specifics on regex syntax.

Most command-line shells will try to interpret common characters in regular expressions, such as ()[]|. To type those characters, you'll need to escape them (e.g., with backslashes or quotation marks, depending on your shell).

Numeric Range Queries

For numeric fields, such as year, bitrate, and track, you can query using one-or two-sided intervals. That is, you can find music that falls within a range of values. To use ranges, write a query that has two dots (..) at the beginning, middle, or end of a string of numbers. Dots in the beginning let you specify a maximum (e.g., ..7); dots at the end mean a minimum (4..); dots in the middle mean a range (4..7).

For example, this command finds all your albums that were released in the '90s:

$ beet list -a year:1990..1999

and this command finds MP3 files with bitrates of 128k or lower:

$ beet list format:MP3 bitrate:..128000

The length field also lets you use a "M:SS" format. For example, this query finds tracks that are less than four and a half minutes in length:

$ beet list length:..4:30

Date and Date Range Queries

Date-valued fields, such as added and mtime, have a special query syntax that lets you specify years, months, and days as well as ranges between dates.

Dates are written separated by hyphens, like year-month-day, but the month and day are optional. If you leave out the day, for example, you will get matches for the whole month.

Date intervals, like the numeric intervals described above, are separated by two dots (..). You can specify a start, an end, or both.

Here is an example that finds all the albums added in 2008:

$ beet ls -a 'added:2008'

Find all items added in the years 2008, 2009 and 2010:

$ beet ls 'added:2008..2010'

Find all items added before the year 2010:

$ beet ls 'added:..2009'

Find all items added on or after 2008-12-01 but before 2009-10-12:

$ beet ls 'added:2008-12..2009-10-11'

Find all items with a file modification time between 2008-12-01 and 2008-12-03:

$ beet ls 'mtime:2008-12-01..2008-12-02'

You can also add an optional time value to date queries, specifying hours, minutes, and seconds.

Times are separated from dates by a space, an uppercase 'T' or a lowercase 't', for example: 2008-12-01T23:59:59. If you specify a time, then the date must contain a year, month, and day. The minutes and seconds are optional.

Here is an example that finds all items added on 2008-12-01 at or after 22:00 but before 23:00:

$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01T22'

To find all items added on or after 2008-12-01 at 22:45:

$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01T22:45..'

To find all items added on 2008-12-01, at or after 22:45:20 but before 22:45:41:

$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01T22:45:20..2008-12-01T22:45:40'

Here are example of the three ways to separate dates from times. All of these queries do the same thing:

$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01T22:45:20'
$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01t22:45:20'
$ beet ls 'added:2008-12-01 22:45:20'

You can also use relative dates. For example, -3w means three weeks ago, and +4d means four days in the future. A relative date has three parts:

Either + or -, to indicate the past or the future. The sign is optional; if you leave this off, it defaults to the future.
A number.
A letter indicating the unit: d, w, m or y, meaning days, weeks, months or years. (A "month" is always 30 days and a "year" is always 365 days.)

Here's an example that finds all the albums added since last week:

$ beet ls -a 'added:-1w..'

And here's an example that lists items added in a two-week period starting four weeks ago:

$ beet ls 'added:-6w..-4w'

Query Term Negation

Query terms can also be negated, acting like a Boolean "not," by prefixing them with - or ^. This has the effect of returning all the items that do not match the query term. For example, this command:

$ beet list ^love

matches all the songs in the library that do not have "love" in any of their fields.

Negation can be combined with the rest of the query mechanisms, so you can negate specific fields, regular expressions, etc. For example, this command:

$ beet list -a artist:dylan ^year:1980..1989 "^album::the(y)?"

matches all the albums with an artist containing "dylan", but excluding those released in the eighties and those that have "the" or "they" on the title.

The syntax supports both ^ and - as synonyms because the latter indicates flags on the command line. To use a minus sign in a command-line query, use a double dash -- to separate the options from the query:

$ beet list -a -- artist:dylan -year:1980..1990 "-album::the(y)?"

Path Queries

Sometimes it's useful to find all the items in your library that are (recursively) inside a certain directory. Use the path: field to do this:

$ beet list path:/my/music/directory

In fact, beets automatically recognizes any query term containing a path separator (/ on POSIX systems) as a path query if that path exists, so this command is equivalent as long as /my/music/directory exist:

$ beet list /my/music/directory

Note that this only matches items that are already in your library, so a path query won't necessarily find all the audio files in a directory---just the ones you've already added to your beets library.

Path queries are case sensitive if the queried path is on a case-sensitive filesystem.

Sort Order

Queries can specify a sort order. Use the name of the [field]{.title-ref} you want to sort on, followed by a + or - sign to indicate ascending or descending sort. For example, this command:

$ beet list -a year+

will list all albums in chronological order. You can also specify several sort orders, which will be used in the same order as they appear in your query:

$ beet list -a genre+ year+

This command will sort all albums by genre and, in each genre, in chronological order.

The artist and albumartist keys are special: they attempt to use their corresponding artist_sort and albumartist_sort fields for sorting transparently (but fall back to the ordinary fields when those are empty).

Lexicographic sorts are case insensitive by default, resulting in the following sort order: Bar foo Qux. This behavior can be changed with the sort_case_insensitive configuration option. Case sensitive sort will result in lower-case values being placed after upper-case values, e.g., Bar Qux foo.

Note that when sorting by fields that are not present on all items (such as flexible fields, or those defined by plugins) in ascending order, the items that lack that particular field will be listed at the beginning of the list.

You can set the default sorting behavior with the sort_item and sort_album configuration options.

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beet.1.md

beet.1.md

NAME

SYNOPSIS

Commands

import

Reimporting

list

remove

modify

move

update

write

stats

fields

config

Global Flags

Shell Completion

zsh

Queries

Keyword

Combining Keywords

Specific Fields

Phrases

Exact Matches

Regular Expressions

Numeric Range Queries

Date and Date Range Queries

Query Term Negation

Path Queries

Sort Order

See Also

Files

beet.1.md

Latest commit

History

beet.1.md

File metadata and controls

NAME

SYNOPSIS

Commands

import

Reimporting

list

remove

modify

move

update

write

stats

fields

config

Global Flags

Shell Completion

zsh

Queries

Keyword

Combining Keywords

Specific Fields

Phrases

Exact Matches

Regular Expressions

Numeric Range Queries

Date and Date Range Queries

Query Term Negation

Path Queries

Sort Order

See Also