diff --git a/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/config/config.proto b/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/config/config.proto
index 31faa3c..029e4d9 100644
--- a/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/config/config.proto
+++ b/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/config/config.proto
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ message ProverConfig {
     // this only works when operators is not empty
     // the value must be less than or equal to 1
     Fraction operators_threshold = 13 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
-    // TODO use signer module instead
-    // hex string
-    string operator_private_key = 14;
+    // signer for eip712 commitment
+    google.protobuf.Any operator_signer = 14;
+    // eip712 params
     oneof operators_eip712_params {
         EVMChainEIP712Params operators_evm_chain_eip712_params = 31;
         CosmosChainEIP712Params operators_cosmos_chain_eip712_params = 32;
diff --git a/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/signers/raw/config.proto b/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/signers/raw/config.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c675f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proto/relayer/provers/lcp/signers/raw/config.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+package relayer.provers.lcp.signers.raw;
+
+import "gogoproto/gogo.proto";
+
+option go_package = "github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/relay/signers/raw";
+option (gogoproto.goproto_getters_all) = false;
+
+message SignerConfig {
+    string private_key = 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/relay/bin/main.go b/relay/bin/main.go
index c0d17ea..a6bc4bd 100644
--- a/relay/bin/main.go
+++ b/relay/bin/main.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"log"
 
 	lcp "github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/relay"
+	"github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/relay/signers/raw"
 	lcptm "github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/relay/tendermint"
 	tendermint "github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/chains/tendermint/module"
 	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/cmd"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ func main() {
 		tendermint.Module{},
 		lcp.Module{},
 		lcptm.Module{},
+		raw.Module{},
 	); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/relay/config.go b/relay/config.go
index 59b2469..d1df9c9 100644
--- a/relay/config.go
+++ b/relay/config.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	lcptypes "github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/light-clients/lcp/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/core"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -48,6 +49,11 @@ func (cfg *ProverConfig) UnpackInterfaces(unpacker codectypes.AnyUnpacker) error
 	if err := unpacker.UnpackAny(cfg.OriginProver, new(core.ProverConfig)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if cfg.OperatorSigner != nil {
+		if err := unpacker.UnpackAny(cfg.OperatorSigner, new(signer.SignerConfig)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -121,8 +127,14 @@ func (pc ProverConfig) Validate() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Operators: currently only one or zero(=permissionless) operator is supported, but got %v", l)
 	}
 	if pc.OperatorsEip712Params != nil {
-		if len(pc.OperatorPrivateKey) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("OperatorPrivateKey must be set if OperatorsEip712Salt is set")
+		if pc.OperatorSigner == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("OperatorSigner must be set if OperatorsEip712Params is set")
+		}
+		signerConfig, ok := pc.OperatorSigner.GetCachedValue().(signer.SignerConfig)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to cast OperatorSigner's config: %T", pc.OperatorSigner.GetCachedValue())
+		} else if err := signerConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to validate the OperatorSigner's config: %v", err)
 		}
 		switch salt := pc.OperatorsEip712Params.(type) {
 		case *ProverConfig_OperatorsEvmChainEip712Params:
@@ -146,10 +158,6 @@ func (pc ProverConfig) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f Fraction) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v/%v", f.Numerator, f.Denominator)
-}
-
 func decodeMrenclaveHex(s string) ([]byte, error) {
 	trimmed := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimPrefix(s, "0x"))
 	bz, err := hex.DecodeString(trimmed)
diff --git a/relay/config.pb.go b/relay/config.pb.go
index 8096e90..e8d31db 100644
--- a/relay/config.pb.go
+++ b/relay/config.pb.go
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ type ProverConfig struct {
 	// this only works when operators is not empty
 	// the value must be less than or equal to 1
 	OperatorsThreshold Fraction `protobuf:"bytes,13,opt,name=operators_threshold,json=operatorsThreshold,proto3" json:"operators_threshold"`
-	// TODO use signer module instead
-	// hex string
-	OperatorPrivateKey string `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=operator_private_key,json=operatorPrivateKey,proto3" json:"operator_private_key,omitempty"`
+	// signer for eip712 commitment
+	OperatorSigner *types.Any `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=operator_signer,json=operatorSigner,proto3" json:"operator_signer,omitempty"`
+	// eip712 params
+	//
 	// Types that are valid to be assigned to OperatorsEip712Params:
 	//	*ProverConfig_OperatorsEvmChainEip712Params
 	//	*ProverConfig_OperatorsCosmosChainEip712Params
@@ -260,56 +261,55 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 var fileDescriptor_2e6956e1b8ef896e = []byte{
-	// 771 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x7c, 0x54, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0xe3, 0x44,
-	0x18, 0x8e, 0x77, 0x4b, 0xdb, 0x4c, 0x3f, 0x04, 0xd3, 0xb2, 0xeb, 0x96, 0xc5, 0x6b, 0xa2, 0x22,
-	0x72, 0xc1, 0xde, 0xed, 0x22, 0x55, 0x48, 0x5c, 0xda, 0x6c, 0x10, 0xe1, 0x43, 0x0a, 0xee, 0x8a,
-	0x03, 0x1c, 0x46, 0x93, 0xf1, 0x1b, 0x67, 0xd4, 0xb1, 0xc7, 0xcc, 0x38, 0x66, 0xbd, 0xe2, 0xca,
-	0x9d, 0x9f, 0xd5, 0xe3, 0x1e, 0x39, 0x21, 0x68, 0x7f, 0x01, 0xff, 0x00, 0x79, 0xc6, 0x89, 0xa3,
-	0xdd, 0x6c, 0x4f, 0xc9, 0x3c, 0x5f, 0xef, 0x93, 0xd7, 0xce, 0xa0, 0xcf, 0x14, 0x08, 0x5a, 0x81,
-	0x0a, 0x73, 0x25, 0x4b, 0x50, 0x3a, 0x14, 0x2c, 0x0f, 0x99, 0xcc, 0xa6, 0x3c, 0x69, 0x3e, 0x82,
-	0x5c, 0xc9, 0x42, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0x46, 0x18, 0x34, 0xc2, 0x40, 0xb0, 0x3c, 0xb0, 0x8a, 0xe3, 0xc3,
-	0x44, 0x26, 0xd2, 0xc8, 0xc2, 0xfa, 0x9b, 0x75, 0x1c, 0x1f, 0x25, 0x52, 0x26, 0x02, 0x42, 0x73,
-	0x9a, 0xcc, 0xa7, 0x21, 0xcd, 0x2a, 0x4b, 0xf5, 0xfe, 0xdb, 0x42, 0xbb, 0x63, 0x93, 0x33, 0x30,
-	0x09, 0xf8, 0x4b, 0xb4, 0x27, 0x15, 0x4f, 0x78, 0x46, 0x6c, 0xbc, 0xeb, 0xf8, 0x4e, 0x7f, 0xe7,
-	0xf4, 0x30, 0xb0, 0x19, 0xc1, 0x22, 0x23, 0x38, 0xcf, 0xaa, 0x68, 0xd7, 0x4a, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x0e,
-	0xd0, 0x81, 0x60, 0x39, 0xd1, 0xa0, 0x4a, 0xce, 0x80, 0xd0, 0x38, 0x56, 0xa0, 0xb5, 0x7b, 0xcf,
-	0x77, 0xfa, 0xdd, 0xe8, 0x03, 0xc1, 0xf2, 0x4b, 0xcb, 0x9c, 0x5b, 0x02, 0x9f, 0x21, 0x77, 0x55,
-	0x1f, 0x73, 0x2a, 0x48, 0xc1, 0x53, 0x90, 0xf3, 0xc2, 0xbd, 0xef, 0x3b, 0xfd, 0x8d, 0xe8, 0xc3,
-	0xd6, 0xf4, 0x9c, 0x53, 0xf1, 0xc2, 0x92, 0xf8, 0x11, 0xea, 0xa6, 0x0a, 0x32, 0x26, 0x68, 0x09,
-	0xee, 0x86, 0x89, 0x6f, 0x01, 0xfc, 0x05, 0x7a, 0x40, 0x85, 0x90, 0xbf, 0x41, 0x4c, 0x7e, 0x9d,
-	0xcb, 0x02, 0x88, 0x2e, 0x68, 0x31, 0xd7, 0xa0, 0xdd, 0xf7, 0xfc, 0xfb, 0xfd, 0x6e, 0x74, 0xd8,
-	0xb0, 0x3f, 0xd6, 0xe4, 0x65, 0xc3, 0xe1, 0x27, 0x68, 0x81, 0x13, 0x1a, 0x97, 0x5c, 0x4b, 0x55,
-	0x11, 0x1e, 0x6b, 0x77, 0xd3, 0x78, 0x70, 0xc3, 0x9d, 0x37, 0xd4, 0x28, 0xd6, 0xf8, 0x53, 0xb4,
-	0x7f, 0x05, 0x15, 0x81, 0x97, 0x39, 0x57, 0xb4, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x73, 0xb7, 0x4c, 0xe9, 0xbd, 0x2b,
-	0xa8, 0x86, 0x4b, 0x10, 0xf7, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0x08, 0x46, 0x98, 0xe0, 0x90, 0x15, 0x84, 0xc7, 0xee,
-	0xb6, 0x29, 0xbc, 0x03, 0x82, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x36, 0x8a, 0x71, 0x88, 0x0e, 0x52, 0xd0, 0x9a, 0x26,
-	0x40, 0x68, 0x92, 0x28, 0x48, 0x6c, 0x5e, 0xd7, 0x77, 0xfa, 0xdb, 0x11, 0x6e, 0xa8, 0xf3, 0x96,
-	0xc1, 0x03, 0xe4, 0xad, 0x31, 0x90, 0x09, 0x2d, 0xd8, 0x8c, 0x68, 0xfe, 0x0a, 0x5c, 0x64, 0xba,
-	0x7c, 0xf4, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0xa2, 0xd6, 0x5c, 0xf2, 0x57, 0x80, 0xfb, 0xe8, 0x7d, 0xae, 0x49, 0x0c,
-	0x93, 0x79, 0x42, 0x16, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0x31, 0x23, 0xf7, 0xb9, 0x7e, 0x5e, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0x66, 0xa5,
-	0x8f, 0x50, 0x57, 0xe6, 0xa0, 0x68, 0x21, 0x95, 0x76, 0x77, 0xcd, 0x46, 0x5a, 0x00, 0xff, 0x82,
-	0x0e, 0x96, 0x07, 0x52, 0xcc, 0x14, 0xe8, 0x99, 0x14, 0xb1, 0xbb, 0x67, 0x5e, 0x9c, 0x93, 0xe0,
-	0xdd, 0xaf, 0x6b, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa2, 0xcc, 0x74, 0xda, 0xb8, 0xfe, 0xfb, 0x71, 0x27, 0xc2, 0xcb,
-	0x98, 0x17, 0x8b, 0x94, 0xfa, 0xb9, 0x2c, 0x50, 0x92, 0x2b, 0x5e, 0xd2, 0x02, 0xc8, 0x15, 0x54,
-	0xee, 0xbe, 0xd9, 0xe2, 0xd2, 0x31, 0xb6, 0xd4, 0x77, 0x50, 0xe1, 0xdf, 0xd1, 0x27, 0x6d, 0x1d,
-	0x28, 0x53, 0xc2, 0x66, 0x94, 0x67, 0x04, 0x78, 0x7e, 0xf6, 0xf4, 0x94, 0xe4, 0x54, 0xd1, 0x54,
-	0xbb, 0x8f, 0x4d, 0xb9, 0x27, 0x77, 0x95, 0x1b, 0xfe, 0xf4, 0xc3, 0xa0, 0x76, 0x0e, 0x47, 0xe3,
-	0xb3, 0xa7, 0xa7, 0x63, 0xe3, 0xfb, 0xa6, 0x13, 0x7d, 0xbc, 0x0c, 0x1f, 0x96, 0xa9, 0x15, 0x98,
-	0x64, 0x2b, 0xc0, 0x7f, 0x38, 0xe8, 0xa4, 0x1d, 0xcf, 0xa4, 0x4e, 0xa5, 0x5e, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0x37,
-	0x0d, 0x9e, 0xdd, 0xd5, 0x60, 0x60, 0xdc, 0xeb, 0x4a, 0xf8, 0xcb, 0x11, 0xab, 0x9a, 0x95, 0x1e,
-	0x17, 0x47, 0xe8, 0xe1, 0xca, 0x16, 0x56, 0x27, 0xf7, 0xbe, 0x45, 0xdb, 0x8b, 0xc5, 0xd7, 0x4f,
-	0x36, 0x9b, 0xa7, 0x56, 0x67, 0xfe, 0xea, 0x1b, 0x51, 0x0b, 0x60, 0x1f, 0xed, 0xc4, 0x90, 0xc9,
-	0x94, 0x67, 0x86, 0xbf, 0x67, 0xf8, 0x55, 0xa8, 0x27, 0xd1, 0xe1, 0xba, 0x3d, 0xe1, 0x23, 0xb4,
-	0x6d, 0x7f, 0x34, 0x8f, 0x9b, 0xd8, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x1e, 0xc5, 0xf8, 0x2b, 0x74, 0x5c, 0x82, 0xe2,
-	0xd3, 0x8a, 0x67, 0x09, 0x61, 0x32, 0x2b, 0xea, 0x2e, 0x6f, 0xdc, 0x16, 0xee, 0x52, 0x31, 0x68,
-	0x04, 0xcd, 0xa5, 0xd1, 0xfb, 0x1e, 0x3d, 0x7c, 0xc7, 0x5a, 0xde, 0x9a, 0xd9, 0x6d, 0x67, 0x3e,
-	0x40, 0x9b, 0xb9, 0x82, 0x29, 0x7f, 0xd9, 0xe4, 0x37, 0xa7, 0x8b, 0x8b, 0xeb, 0x7f, 0xbd, 0xce,
-	0xf5, 0x8d, 0xe7, 0xbc, 0xbe, 0xf1, 0x9c, 0x7f, 0x6e, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xcf, 0x5b, 0xaf, 0xf3, 0xfa,
-	0xd6, 0xeb, 0xfc, 0x75, 0xeb, 0x75, 0x7e, 0x3e, 0x49, 0x78, 0x31, 0x9b, 0x4f, 0x02, 0x26, 0xd3,
-	0x30, 0xa6, 0x05, 0x35, 0x69, 0x82, 0x4e, 0xea, 0xab, 0xf9, 0xf3, 0x44, 0x86, 0xe6, 0xd1, 0x4d,
-	0x36, 0xcd, 0x95, 0xf8, 0xec, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x3b, 0xc9, 0xa7, 0x42, 0xc1,
-	0x05, 0x00, 0x00,
+	// 768 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x7c, 0x54, 0x41, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x44,
+	0x14, 0x8e, 0xdb, 0x65, 0x37, 0x99, 0x6c, 0x02, 0xcc, 0x86, 0xd6, 0x1b, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0xa2, 0x45,
+	0xe4, 0x82, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x91, 0x56, 0x48, 0x70, 0x48, 0xd2, 0x20, 0x82, 0x40, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x8a,
+	0x03, 0x1c, 0x46, 0x93, 0xf1, 0x8b, 0x33, 0xea, 0xd8, 0x63, 0x66, 0x9c, 0xd0, 0x54, 0x5c, 0xb9,
+	0xf3, 0xb3, 0xf6, 0xd8, 0x23, 0x27, 0x04, 0xbb, 0xff, 0x03, 0x21, 0x8f, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xa2, 0xd9,
+	0x3d, 0x25, 0xf3, 0x7d, 0xdf, 0xfb, 0xde, 0x97, 0x37, 0x2f, 0x83, 0x3e, 0x55, 0x20, 0xe8, 0x1a,
+	0x94, 0x9f, 0x2a, 0xb9, 0x02, 0xa5, 0x7d, 0xc1, 0x52, 0x9f, 0xc9, 0x64, 0xce, 0xa3, 0xf2, 0xc3,
+	0x4b, 0x95, 0xcc, 0x24, 0xee, 0x96, 0x42, 0xaf, 0x14, 0x7a, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x5e, 0xa1, 0xe8, 0x76,
+	0x22, 0x19, 0x49, 0x23, 0xf3, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0x45, 0x45, 0xf7, 0x34, 0x92, 0x32, 0x12, 0xe0, 0x9b,
+	0xd3, 0x6c, 0x39, 0xf7, 0x69, 0xb2, 0x2e, 0xa8, 0xde, 0xbf, 0x47, 0xe8, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0xf8, 0x8c,
+	0x8c, 0x03, 0xfe, 0x02, 0xb5, 0xa4, 0xe2, 0x11, 0x4f, 0x48, 0x61, 0x6f, 0x5b, 0xae, 0xd5, 0x6f,
+	0x9e, 0x77, 0xbc, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xdb, 0x78, 0x78, 0x83, 0x64, 0x1d, 0x1c, 0x17, 0xd2, 0xc2, 0x00,
+	0x7b, 0xe8, 0x44, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x68, 0x50, 0x2b, 0xce, 0x80, 0xd0, 0x30, 0x54, 0xa0, 0xb5, 0x7d,
+	0xcf, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0x8d, 0xe0, 0x7d, 0xc1, 0xd2, 0x69, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x5f, 0x20, 0x7b,
+	0x57, 0x1f, 0x72, 0x2a, 0x48, 0xc6, 0x63, 0x90, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x5a, 0xfd, 0x83, 0xe0,
+	0x83, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0x39, 0xa7, 0xe2, 0x45, 0x41, 0xe2, 0x47, 0xa8, 0x11, 0x2b, 0x48, 0x98, 0xa0,
+	0x2b, 0xb0, 0x0f, 0x8c, 0x7d, 0x05, 0xe0, 0xcf, 0xd1, 0x03, 0x2a, 0x84, 0xfc, 0x15, 0x42, 0xf2,
+	0xcb, 0x52, 0x66, 0x40, 0x74, 0x46, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x06, 0x6d, 0xbf, 0xe3, 0xde, 0xef, 0x37, 0x82,
+	0x4e, 0xc9, 0xfe, 0x90, 0x93, 0xd3, 0x92, 0xc3, 0x4f, 0xd0, 0x06, 0x27, 0x34, 0x5c, 0x71, 0x2d,
+	0xd5, 0x9a, 0xf0, 0x50, 0xdb, 0x87, 0xa6, 0x06, 0x97, 0xdc, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x26, 0xa1, 0xc6, 0x9f,
+	0xa0, 0xf6, 0x4b, 0x58, 0x13, 0x78, 0x95, 0x72, 0x45, 0x33, 0x2e, 0x13, 0xfb, 0xc8, 0x84, 0x6e,
+	0xbd, 0x84, 0xf5, 0x78, 0x0b, 0xe2, 0x1e, 0x6a, 0x81, 0x60, 0x84, 0x09, 0x0e, 0x49, 0x46, 0x78,
+	0x68, 0xd7, 0x4d, 0xe0, 0x26, 0x08, 0x36, 0x32, 0xd8, 0x24, 0xc4, 0x3e, 0x3a, 0x89, 0x41, 0x6b,
+	0x1a, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x51, 0xa4, 0x20, 0x2a, 0xfc, 0x1a, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xaf, 0x07, 0xb8, 0xa4, 0x06,
+	0x15, 0x83, 0x47, 0xc8, 0xd9, 0x53, 0x40, 0x66, 0x34, 0x63, 0x0b, 0xa2, 0xf9, 0x6b, 0xb0, 0x91,
+	0xc9, 0xf2, 0xe1, 0xdb, 0xb5, 0xc3, 0x5c, 0x33, 0xe5, 0xaf, 0x01, 0xf7, 0xd1, 0x7b, 0x5c, 0x93,
+	0x10, 0x66, 0xcb, 0x88, 0x6c, 0xa6, 0xd9, 0x34, 0x2d, 0xdb, 0x5c, 0x3f, 0xcf, 0xe1, 0x71, 0x39,
+	0xd2, 0x47, 0xa8, 0x21, 0x53, 0x50, 0x34, 0x93, 0x4a, 0xdb, 0xc7, 0x66, 0x22, 0x15, 0x80, 0x7f,
+	0x46, 0x27, 0xdb, 0x03, 0xc9, 0x16, 0x0a, 0xf4, 0x42, 0x8a, 0xd0, 0x6e, 0x99, 0xc5, 0x39, 0xf3,
+	0x6e, 0x5f, 0x57, 0xef, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x99, 0xc9, 0x74, 0x70, 0xf5, 0xd7, 0xe3, 0x5a, 0x80, 0xb7,
+	0x36, 0x2f, 0x36, 0x2e, 0xf8, 0x2b, 0xf4, 0xee, 0x06, 0x25, 0x9a, 0x47, 0x09, 0x28, 0xbb, 0x7d,
+	0xc7, 0x46, 0xb6, 0x37, 0xe2, 0xa9, 0xd1, 0xe2, 0xdf, 0xd0, 0xc7, 0x55, 0x36, 0x58, 0xc5, 0x84,
+	0x2d, 0x28, 0x4f, 0x08, 0xf0, 0xf4, 0xe2, 0xe9, 0x39, 0x49, 0xa9, 0xa2, 0xb1, 0xb6, 0x1f, 0x1b,
+	0xc3, 0x27, 0x77, 0x25, 0x1d, 0xff, 0xf8, 0xfd, 0x28, 0xaf, 0x1c, 0x4f, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x9e, 0x9e,
+	0x5f, 0x9a, 0xba, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0xc1, 0x47, 0x5b, 0xf3, 0xf1, 0x2a, 0x2e, 0x04, 0xc6, 0xb9, 0x10,
+	0xe0, 0xdf, 0x2d, 0x74, 0x56, 0xb5, 0x67, 0x52, 0xc7, 0x52, 0xef, 0x4d, 0xe0, 0x9a, 0x04, 0xcf,
+	0xee, 0x4a, 0x30, 0x32, 0xd5, 0xfb, 0x42, 0xb8, 0xdb, 0x16, 0xbb, 0x9a, 0x9d, 0x1c, 0xc3, 0x53,
+	0xf4, 0x70, 0x67, 0x0a, 0xbb, 0x9d, 0x7b, 0xdf, 0xa2, 0xfa, 0xe6, 0x16, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x4e, 0x96,
+	0x71, 0xa1, 0x33, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x83, 0xa0, 0x02, 0xb0, 0x8b, 0x9a, 0x21, 0x24, 0x32, 0xe6, 0x89,
+	0xe1, 0xef, 0x19, 0x7e, 0x17, 0xea, 0x49, 0xd4, 0xd9, 0x37, 0x27, 0x7c, 0x8a, 0xea, 0xc5, 0x8f,
+	0xe6, 0x61, 0x69, 0x7b, 0x64, 0xce, 0x93, 0x10, 0x7f, 0x89, 0xba, 0x2b, 0x50, 0x7c, 0xbe, 0xe6,
+	0x49, 0x44, 0x98, 0x4c, 0xb2, 0x3c, 0xcb, 0xff, 0x9e, 0x0e, 0x7b, 0xab, 0x18, 0x95, 0x82, 0xf2,
+	0x05, 0xe9, 0x7d, 0x87, 0x1e, 0xde, 0x32, 0x96, 0xb7, 0x7a, 0x36, 0xaa, 0x9e, 0x0f, 0xd0, 0x61,
+	0xaa, 0x60, 0xce, 0x5f, 0x95, 0xfe, 0xe5, 0x69, 0x38, 0xbc, 0xfa, 0xc7, 0xa9, 0x5d, 0x5d, 0x3b,
+	0xd6, 0x9b, 0x6b, 0xc7, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xda, 0xb1, 0xfe, 0xb8, 0x71, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x9c, 0xda,
+	0x9f, 0x37, 0x4e, 0xed, 0xa7, 0xb3, 0x88, 0x67, 0x8b, 0xe5, 0xcc, 0x63, 0x32, 0xf6, 0x43, 0x9a,
+	0x51, 0xe3, 0x26, 0xe8, 0x2c, 0x7f, 0xa7, 0x3f, 0x8b, 0xa4, 0x6f, 0xae, 0x6e, 0x76, 0x68, 0xb6,
+	0xf1, 0xd9, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x5e, 0xdd, 0x8c, 0x1a, 0xce, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 func (m *ProverConfig) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -341,10 +341,15 @@ func (m *ProverConfig) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if len(m.OperatorPrivateKey) > 0 {
-		i -= len(m.OperatorPrivateKey)
-		copy(dAtA[i:], m.OperatorPrivateKey)
-		i = encodeVarintConfig(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.OperatorPrivateKey)))
+	if m.OperatorSigner != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.OperatorSigner.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintConfig(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+		}
 		i--
 		dAtA[i] = 0x72
 	}
@@ -675,8 +680,8 @@ func (m *ProverConfig) Size() (n int) {
 	}
 	l = m.OperatorsThreshold.Size()
 	n += 1 + l + sovConfig(uint64(l))
-	l = len(m.OperatorPrivateKey)
-	if l > 0 {
+	if m.OperatorSigner != nil {
+		l = m.OperatorSigner.Size()
 		n += 1 + l + sovConfig(uint64(l))
 	}
 	if m.OperatorsEip712Params != nil {
@@ -1152,9 +1157,9 @@ func (m *ProverConfig) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		case 14:
 			if wireType != 2 {
-				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field OperatorPrivateKey", wireType)
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field OperatorSigner", wireType)
 			}
-			var stringLen uint64
+			var msglen int
 			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
 				if shift >= 64 {
 					return ErrIntOverflowConfig
@@ -1164,23 +1169,27 @@ func (m *ProverConfig) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 				}
 				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
 				iNdEx++
-				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
 				if b < 0x80 {
 					break
 				}
 			}
-			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
-			if intStringLen < 0 {
+			if msglen < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthConfig
 			}
-			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
 			if postIndex < 0 {
 				return ErrInvalidLengthConfig
 			}
 			if postIndex > l {
 				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 			}
-			m.OperatorPrivateKey = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			if m.OperatorSigner == nil {
+				m.OperatorSigner = &types.Any{}
+			}
+			if err := m.OperatorSigner.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
 		case 31:
 			if wireType != 2 {
diff --git a/relay/lcp.go b/relay/lcp.go
index 4f9431c..5d4a50c 100644
--- a/relay/lcp.go
+++ b/relay/lcp.go
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ func (pr *Prover) registerEnclaveKey(verifier core.Chain, eki *enclave.EnclaveKe
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		sig, err := pr.OperatorSign(commitment)
+		sig, err := pr.eip712Signer.Sign(commitment)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/relay/operator.go b/relay/operator.go
index 044d016..caceb1a 100644
--- a/relay/operator.go
+++ b/relay/operator.go
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ package relay
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -14,37 +12,12 @@ import (
 	lcptypes "github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/light-clients/lcp/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256k1"
 	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/core"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
 )
 
-func (pr *Prover) OperatorSign(commitment [32]byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	privKey, err := pr.getOperatorPrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return secp256k1.Sign(commitment[:], privKey)
-}
-
-func (pr *Prover) GetSignOperator() (common.Address, error) {
-	privKey, err := pr.getOperatorPrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, err
-	}
-	pk, err := crypto.ToECDSA(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Address{}, err
-	}
-	pubKey := pk.Public().(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-	return common.BytesToAddress(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(*pubKey).Bytes()), nil
-}
-
-func (pr *Prover) getOperatorPrivateKey() ([]byte, error) {
-	return hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(pr.config.OperatorPrivateKey, "0x"))
-}
-
 func (pr *Prover) IsOperatorEnabled() bool {
-	return len(pr.config.OperatorPrivateKey) > 0 && pr.config.OperatorsEip712Params != nil
+	return pr.eip712Signer != nil && pr.config.OperatorsEip712Params != nil
 }
 
 func (pr *Prover) GetOperators() ([]common.Address, error) {
@@ -71,9 +44,12 @@ func (pr *Prover) updateOperators(counterparty core.Chain, nonce uint64, newOper
 	if nonce == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid nonce: %v", nonce)
 	}
-	if threshold.Numerator == 0 || threshold.Denominator == 0 || threshold.Numerator > threshold.Denominator {
+	if threshold.Numerator == 0 || threshold.Denominator == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid threshold: %s", threshold.String())
 	}
+	if threshold.Numerator > threshold.Denominator {
+		return fmt.Errorf("new operators threshold numerator cannot be greater than denominator: %s", threshold.String())
+	}
 	cplatestHeight, err := counterparty.LatestHeight()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -95,7 +71,7 @@ func (pr *Prover) updateOperators(counterparty core.Chain, nonce uint64, newOper
 	} else if l > 1 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("currently only one operator is supported, but got %v", l)
 	}
-	opSigner, err := pr.GetSignOperator()
+	opSigner, err := pr.eip712Signer.GetSignerAddress()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -111,7 +87,7 @@ func (pr *Prover) updateOperators(counterparty core.Chain, nonce uint64, newOper
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	sig, err := pr.OperatorSign(commitment)
+	sig, err := pr.eip712Signer.Sign(commitment)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -139,3 +115,27 @@ func (pr *Prover) updateOperators(counterparty core.Chain, nonce uint64, newOper
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+type EIP712Signer struct {
+	signer signer.Signer
+}
+
+func NewEIP712Signer(signer signer.Signer) *EIP712Signer {
+	return &EIP712Signer{signer: signer}
+}
+
+func (s EIP712Signer) Sign(commitment [32]byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	return s.signer.Sign(commitment[:])
+}
+
+func (s EIP712Signer) GetSignerAddress() (common.Address, error) {
+	pub, err := s.signer.GetPublicKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	pubKey, err := crypto.DecompressPubkey(pub)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	return crypto.PubkeyToAddress(*pubKey), nil
+}
diff --git a/relay/prover.go b/relay/prover.go
index 26eca5c..c771c22 100644
--- a/relay/prover.go
+++ b/relay/prover.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/datachainlab/lcp-go/sgx/ias"
 	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/core"
 	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/log"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 )
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ type Prover struct {
 
 	lcpServiceClient LCPServiceClient
 
+	eip712Signer *EIP712Signer
+
 	// state
 	// registered key info for requesting lcp to generate proof.
 	activeEnclaveKey *enclave.EnclaveKeyInfo
@@ -52,7 +55,15 @@ func NewProver(config ProverConfig, originChain core.Chain, originProver core.Pr
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to LCP service: %w", err)
 	}
-	return &Prover{config: config, originChain: originChain, originProver: originProver, lcpServiceClient: NewLCPServiceClient(conn)}, nil
+	var eip712Signer *EIP712Signer
+	if config.OperatorSigner != nil {
+		signer, err := config.OperatorSigner.GetCachedValue().(signer.SignerConfig).Build()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		eip712Signer = NewEIP712Signer(signer)
+	}
+	return &Prover{config: config, originChain: originChain, originProver: originProver, lcpServiceClient: NewLCPServiceClient(conn), eip712Signer: eip712Signer}, nil
 }
 
 func (pr *Prover) GetOriginProver() core.Prover {
diff --git a/relay/signers/raw/config.go b/relay/signers/raw/config.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1145558
--- /dev/null
+++ b/relay/signers/raw/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package raw
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	fmt "fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
+)
+
+var _ signer.SignerConfig = (*SignerConfig)(nil)
+
+func (c *SignerConfig) Validate() error {
+	if _, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(c.PrivateKey, "0x")); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid private key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *SignerConfig) Build() (signer.Signer, error) {
+	bz, err := hex.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(c.PrivateKey, "0x"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode private key: %w", err)
+	}
+	privKey, err := crypto.ToECDSA(bz)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode to ECDSA: %w", err)
+	}
+	return NewSigner(privKey), nil
+}
diff --git a/relay/signers/raw/config.pb.go b/relay/signers/raw/config.pb.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88a5dc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/relay/signers/raw/config.pb.go
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-gogo. DO NOT EDIT.
+// source: relayer/provers/lcp/signers/raw/config.proto
+
+package raw
+
+import (
+	fmt "fmt"
+	_ "github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/gogoproto"
+	proto "github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/proto"
+	io "io"
+	math "math"
+	math_bits "math/bits"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var _ = proto.Marshal
+var _ = fmt.Errorf
+var _ = math.Inf
+
+// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
+// is compatible with the proto package it is being compiled against.
+// A compilation error at this line likely means your copy of the
+// proto package needs to be updated.
+const _ = proto.GoGoProtoPackageIsVersion3 // please upgrade the proto package
+
+type SignerConfig struct {
+	PrivateKey string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=private_key,json=privateKey,proto3" json:"private_key,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *SignerConfig) Reset()         { *m = SignerConfig{} }
+func (m *SignerConfig) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*SignerConfig) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*SignerConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_92339b430a08f7d7, []int{0}
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_SignerConfig.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_SignerConfig.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_SignerConfig.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_SignerConfig proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func init() {
+	proto.RegisterType((*SignerConfig)(nil), "relayer.provers.lcp.signers.raw.SignerConfig")
+}
+
+func init() {
+	proto.RegisterFile("relayer/provers/lcp/signers/raw/config.proto", fileDescriptor_92339b430a08f7d7)
+}
+
+var fileDescriptor_92339b430a08f7d7 = []byte{
+	// 209 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xe2, 0xd2, 0x29, 0x4a, 0xcd, 0x49,
+	0xac, 0x4c, 0x2d, 0xd2, 0x2f, 0x28, 0xca, 0x2f, 0x4b, 0x2d, 0x2a, 0xd6, 0xcf, 0x49, 0x2e, 0xd0,
+	0x2f, 0xce, 0x4c, 0xcf, 0x03, 0xb1, 0x8b, 0x12, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0x93, 0xf3, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0x32, 0xd3,
+	0xf5, 0x0a, 0x8a, 0xf2, 0x4b, 0xf2, 0x85, 0xe4, 0xa1, 0xaa, 0xf5, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0xf5, 0x72, 0x92,
+	0x0b, 0xf4, 0xa0, 0xaa, 0xf5, 0x8a, 0x12, 0xcb, 0xa5, 0x44, 0xd2, 0xf3, 0xd3, 0xf3, 0xc1, 0x6a,
+	0xf5, 0x41, 0x2c, 0x88, 0x36, 0x25, 0x7d, 0x2e, 0x9e, 0x60, 0xb0, 0x22, 0x67, 0xb0, 0x61, 0x42,
+	0xf2, 0x5c, 0xdc, 0x05, 0x45, 0x99, 0x65, 0x89, 0x25, 0xa9, 0xf1, 0xd9, 0xa9, 0x95, 0x12, 0x8c,
+	0x0a, 0x8c, 0x1a, 0x9c, 0x41, 0x5c, 0x50, 0x21, 0xef, 0xd4, 0x4a, 0x27, 0xbf, 0x13, 0x0f, 0xe5,
+	0x18, 0x4e, 0x3c, 0x92, 0x63, 0xbc, 0xf0, 0x48, 0x8e, 0xf1, 0xc1, 0x23, 0x39, 0xc6, 0x09, 0x8f,
+	0xe5, 0x18, 0x2e, 0x3c, 0x96, 0x63, 0xb8, 0xf1, 0x58, 0x8e, 0x21, 0xca, 0x20, 0x3d, 0xb3, 0x24,
+	0xa3, 0x34, 0x49, 0x2f, 0x39, 0x3f, 0x57, 0x3f, 0x25, 0xb1, 0x24, 0x31, 0x39, 0x23, 0x31, 0x33,
+	0x2f, 0x27, 0x31, 0x09, 0xe4, 0x76, 0xdd, 0xf4, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0xb0, 0x23, 0x91, 0x3d, 0x91, 0xc4,
+	0x06, 0x76, 0x87, 0x31, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x44, 0xa2, 0x5e, 0xec, 0xee, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00,
+}
+
+func (m *SignerConfig) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *SignerConfig) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *SignerConfig) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if len(m.PrivateKey) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.PrivateKey)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.PrivateKey)
+		i = encodeVarintConfig(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.PrivateKey)))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0xa
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
+func encodeVarintConfig(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
+	offset -= sovConfig(v)
+	base := offset
+	for v >= 1<<7 {
+		dAtA[offset] = uint8(v&0x7f | 0x80)
+		v >>= 7
+		offset++
+	}
+	dAtA[offset] = uint8(v)
+	return base
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	l = len(m.PrivateKey)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovConfig(uint64(l))
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func sovConfig(x uint64) (n int) {
+	return (math_bits.Len64(x|1) + 6) / 7
+}
+func sozConfig(x uint64) (n int) {
+	return sovConfig(uint64((x << 1) ^ uint64((int64(x) >> 63))))
+}
+func (m *SignerConfig) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowConfig
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: SignerConfig: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: SignerConfig: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field PrivateKey", wireType)
+			}
+			var stringLen uint64
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowConfig
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				stringLen |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			intStringLen := int(stringLen)
+			if intStringLen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthConfig
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + intStringLen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthConfig
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.PrivateKey = string(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex])
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipConfig(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthConfig
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func skipConfig(dAtA []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	depth := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return 0, ErrIntOverflowConfig
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= (uint64(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		switch wireType {
+		case 0:
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return 0, ErrIntOverflowConfig
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				iNdEx++
+				if dAtA[iNdEx-1] < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 1:
+			iNdEx += 8
+		case 2:
+			var length int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return 0, ErrIntOverflowConfig
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				length |= (int(b) & 0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if length < 0 {
+				return 0, ErrInvalidLengthConfig
+			}
+			iNdEx += length
+		case 3:
+			depth++
+		case 4:
+			if depth == 0 {
+				return 0, ErrUnexpectedEndOfGroupConfig
+			}
+			depth--
+		case 5:
+			iNdEx += 4
+		default:
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("proto: illegal wireType %d", wireType)
+		}
+		if iNdEx < 0 {
+			return 0, ErrInvalidLengthConfig
+		}
+		if depth == 0 {
+			return iNdEx, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidLengthConfig        = fmt.Errorf("proto: negative length found during unmarshaling")
+	ErrIntOverflowConfig          = fmt.Errorf("proto: integer overflow")
+	ErrUnexpectedEndOfGroupConfig = fmt.Errorf("proto: unexpected end of group")
+)
diff --git a/relay/signers/raw/module.go b/relay/signers/raw/module.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..954ff22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/relay/signers/raw/module.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package raw
+
+import (
+	codectypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec/types"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/config"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type Module struct{}
+
+var _ config.ModuleI = (*Module)(nil)
+
+const ModuleName = "lcp.signers.raw"
+
+// Name returns the name of the module
+func (Module) Name() string {
+	return ModuleName
+}
+
+// RegisterInterfaces registers the module interfaces to protobuf Any.
+func (Module) RegisterInterfaces(registry codectypes.InterfaceRegistry) {
+	registry.RegisterImplementations(
+		(*signer.SignerConfig)(nil),
+		&SignerConfig{},
+	)
+}
+
+// GetCmd returns the command
+func (Module) GetCmd(ctx *config.Context) *cobra.Command {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/relay/signers/raw/signer.go b/relay/signers/raw/signer.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..775c180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/relay/signers/raw/signer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package raw
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/hyperledger-labs/yui-relayer/signer"
+)
+
+var _ signer.Signer = (*Signer)(nil)
+
+type Signer struct {
+	privKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+}
+
+func NewSigner(privKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey) *Signer {
+	return &Signer{
+		privKey: privKey,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Signer) GetPublicKey() ([]byte, error) {
+	return crypto.CompressPubkey(&s.privKey.PublicKey), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Signer) Sign(digest []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	sig, err := crypto.Sign(digest, s.privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to sign tx: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return sig, nil
+}
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-0-operators.json.tpl b/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-0-operators.json.tpl
index ab46150..5e19868 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-0-operators.json.tpl
+++ b/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-0-operators.json.tpl
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
       "chain_id": "ibc1",
       "prefix": "ibc"
     },
-    "operator_private_key": "0x99b107441d0bce8e5b0078450f10f309910d8c0a2cc91671bd6cc1a284809642"
+    "operator_signer": {
+      "@type": "/relayer.provers.lcp.signers.raw.SignerConfig",
+      "private_key": "0x99b107441d0bce8e5b0078450f10f309910d8c0a2cc91671bd6cc1a284809642"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-1-operators.json.tpl b/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-1-operators.json.tpl
index 0a8e2a0..d75f7a5 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-1-operators.json.tpl
+++ b/tests/e2e/cases/tm2tm/configs/templates/ibc-1-operators.json.tpl
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
       "chain_id": "ibc0",
       "prefix": "ibc"
     },
-    "operator_private_key": "0x8a94e9f944a297c402a997aa9a60026ce47a6e018192d111c1703176bbc26651"
+    "operator_signer": {
+      "@type": "/relayer.provers.lcp.signers.raw.SignerConfig",
+      "private_key": "0x8a94e9f944a297c402a997aa9a60026ce47a6e018192d111c1703176bbc26651"
+    }
   }
 }