urban-vulnerability-archived.nlogo

breed [residents resident]

residents-own [
  income                    ; agents received a unique but fixed income per household
  infrastructure            ; the performance of infrastructure is a function of public and private infrastructure
  private-infrastructure    ; private infrastructure of the household
  damage                    ; absolute level of infrastructure dependent on the market value of the property and the level of infrastructure to dampen the impact of events
  past-events-ind           ; intensity of events in past x time steps
  private-invest            ; every time step the agent decides to invest or not in private infrastructure
  vote                      ; vote to increase the budget of government for infrastructure
]

patches-own [
  price                     ; average income of residents in this neighborhood impacting property value and absolute level of damage
  public-infrastructure     ; level of public infrastructure in the neighborhood
  damagelevel               ; mean damage of residents in the neighborhood
  nrresidents               ; the number of residents in the neighborhood
  past-events-neigh         ; intensity of events in the neighborhood in past x time steps
  public-invest             ; amount of public investment in neighborhood infrastructure
  past-damagelevels         ; sum of damage of residents in the neighborhood in the past x time steps
  past-incomelevels         ; sum of income of residents in the neighborhood in the past x time steps
  relativedamage            ; the relative damage of residents received during the last x time steps
]

globals [
  gini-price                ; average gini coefficient of the prices of houses in all neighborhoods
  average-damage            ; average damage as fraction of income of residents
  cum-average-damage        ; cumulated damage after tick 400
  cum-public-infrastructure ; cumulated public infrastructure after tick 400
  cum-private-infrastructure ; cumulated private infrastructure after tick 400
  past-events-city          ; history of severity of past events at the whole city levels
  alpha beta                ; parameter of the Cobb-Douglass production of infrastructure performance
  decay-public decay-private ; decay rates of public and private infrastructure
  budget                    ; budget to be allocated each tick
  priority-invest           ; scenario that defined priority how to invest budget
]

to setup
  clear-all
  set-default-shape residents "circle"
  ask patches [
    set pcolor white
    let i 0
    let j 0
    let patchnumber pxcor + pxcor * 6
    let qj (patchnumber + 1) / (49 - 1) + (1 - 2 * (patchnumber + 1) / (49 - 1)) * 7
    set qj qj * 36
    set qj int qj
    sprout-residents 36 [
      set xcor xcor - 0.35 + 0.14 * i
      set ycor ycor - 0.35 + 0.14 * j
      set size 0.1         ;; easier to see
      set income 1 + random 10
      set damage 0
      set infrastructure 1
      set private-infrastructure 1
      set past-events-ind [0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1]
      set i i + 1
      if i mod 6 = 0 [set j j + 1 set i 0]
    ]
    set public-infrastructure 1
  ]
  set budget 10
  ; create some space to move
  ask residents [
    if random-float 1 < fraction-open [die]
  ]
  ask patches [
    set price mean [income] of residents-here
    set damagelevel mean [damage] of residents-here
    set past-events-neigh [0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1]
    set past-damagelevels [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
    set past-incomelevels [5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5]
  ]
  set past-events-city [0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1]
  set alpha 0.4
  set beta 0; 0.4
  set decay-public 0.02
  set decay-private 0; 0.03

  if priority-public-investments = "low infrastructure" [set priority-invest 0]
  if priority-public-investments = "recent high damage" [set priority-invest 1]
  if priority-public-investments = "recent high relative damage" [set priority-invest 2]

  reset-ticks
  update-colors
end

to go
  events
  movements
  if ticks > 0 and ticks mod 50 = 0 [votepriorities]
  update-infrastructure
  update-colors
  tick
end

to update-colors
  ask patches [
    set price 0.001
    set damagelevel 0
    if count residents-here > 0 [
      set price mean [income] of residents-here
      set damagelevel mean [damage] of residents-here
    ]
  ]
  if visualization = "income" [
    ask patches [set pcolor scale-color green price 0 10]
    ask residents [set color scale-color red income 0 10]
  ]
  if visualization = "damage" [
    ask patches [set pcolor scale-color red damagelevel 0 0.1]
    ask residents [set color scale-color red damage 0 1]
  ]
  if visualization = "vote" [
    ask patches [
      if mean [vote] of residents-here < 0.5 [set pcolor green]
      if mean [vote] of residents-here >= 0.5 [set pcolor red]
    ]
  ]
  if visualization = "infrastructure" [
    ask patches [
        ifelse count residents-here > 0
        [
          set pcolor scale-color blue mean [infrastructure] of residents-here 0 2
       ][
         set pcolor white
       ]
    ]
  ]

  set gini-price 0
  let i 0
  let j 0
  while [i < 7]
  [
    while [j < 7]
    [
      let i2 0
      let j2 0
      while [i2 < 7]
      [
        while [j2 < 7]
        [
          set gini-price gini-price + abs ([price] of patch i j - [price] of patch i2 j2)
          set j2 j2 + 1
        ]
       set j2 0
        set i2 i2 + 1
      ]
      set j j + 1
    ]
    set j 0
    set i i + 1
  ]

  set gini-price gini-price / (2 * mean [price] of patches * 49 * 49)

  set average-damage sum [damage] of residents / sum [income] of residents
  if ticks >= 400 [
    set cum-average-damage cum-average-damage + average-damage
    set cum-public-infrastructure cum-public-infrastructure + mean [public-infrastructure] of patches
    set cum-private-infrastructure cum-private-infrastructure + mean [private-infrastructure] of residents
  ]

  ask patches [
    set i 0
    set j 0
    ask residents-here [

      set xcor pxcor - 0.35 + 0.14 * i
      set ycor pycor - 0.35 + 0.14 * j
      set i i + 1
      if i mod 6 = 0 [set j j + 1 set i 0]
    ]
  ]

  ask patches [set nrresidents count residents-here]
end

to movements
  ask residents [
    if (damage / income) > damage-threshold [
      let incomeres income
      let potentialneighborhoods other patches with [count residents-here < 36 and incomeres >= price]

      let bestoption patch-here
      if any? potentialneighborhoods [
        move-to min-one-of potentialneighborhoods [damagelevel / price]
        set private-infrastructure private-infrastructure / 2; if you move to another location, you can only bring with you part of your private infrastructure investments
      ]
    ]
  ]
end

to votepriorities
  ; residents check whether it is in their own interest to increase the budget. Agents compare it to their income since tax money is used for the budget and residents with higher income will have to pay a larger share
  ask residents [
   let i 0
   let e-lessdamage 0
   let e-infrastructure ((public-infrastructure + 1) ^ alpha) * (private-infrastructure ^ beta)
   while [i < 10]
   [
      if item i past-events-ind > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-ind - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-ind - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
      if item i past-events-neigh > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-neigh - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-neigh - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
      if item i past-events-city > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-city - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-city - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
     set i i + 1
   ]
    ifelse (e-lessdamage / 10) >= (1 / income) [set vote 1][set vote 0]
  ]

  if count residents with [vote = 1] != count residents with [vote = 0]
  [
    ifelse count residents with [vote = 1] > count residents with [vote = 0] [set budget-scen budget-scen + 1][set budget-scen budget-scen - 1]
    if budget-scen < 0 [set budget-scen 0]
  ]
end

to update-infrastructure
  set budget budget-scen
  ask patches [
    set public-infrastructure public-infrastructure * (1 - decay-public)
  ]
  ask residents [
    set private-infrastructure private-infrastructure * (1 - decay-private)
  ]
  ask residents [
    set infrastructure (public-infrastructure ^ alpha) * (private-infrastructure ^ beta)
  ]

  private-infrastructure-provision
  public-infrastructure-provision
end

to private-infrastructure-provision

  ; calculate benefit of investing one unit in private infrastructure
  ask residents [
   let i 0
   let e-lessdamage 0
   let e-infrastructure (public-infrastructure ^ alpha) * ((private-infrastructure + 1) ^ beta)
   while [i < 10]
   [
      if item i past-events-ind > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-ind - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-ind - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
      if item i past-events-neigh > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-neigh - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-neigh - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
      if item i past-events-city > 0 [
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage + price * dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-city - infrastructure)))
        set e-lessdamage e-lessdamage - price * dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (item i past-events-city - e-infrastructure)))
      ]
     set i i + 1
   ]
    ifelse (e-lessdamage / 10) >= 1 [set private-invest 1][set private-invest 0]
    set private-infrastructure private-infrastructure + private-invest
    set infrastructure (public-infrastructure ^ alpha) * (private-infrastructure ^ beta)
  ]
end

to public-infrastructure-provision
  ask patches [ set public-invest 0]

  ; prioritize neighborhoods with low infrastructure
  if priority-invest = 0 [
    foreach sort-on [public-infrastructure] patches [
      the-patch -> ask the-patch [if budget > 0 [set public-invest 1 set budget budget - 1]]
    ]
  ]
  ; prioritize neighborhoods with high damage in last 10 ticks
  if priority-invest = 1 [
    foreach sort-on [(- mean past-damagelevels)] patches [
      the-patch -> ask the-patch [if budget > 0 [set public-invest 1 set budget budget - 1]]
    ]
  ]
  ; prioritize neighbors with relative high damage related to income
  if priority-invest = 2 [
    foreach sort-on [(- relativedamage)] patches [
      the-patch -> ask the-patch [if budget > 0 [set public-invest 1 set budget budget - 1]]
    ]
  ]
  ask patches [
    set public-infrastructure public-infrastructure + public-invest
  ]
  ask residents [
   set infrastructure (public-infrastructure ^ alpha) * (private-infrastructure ^ beta)
  ]
end

to events
  let intensity 0
  ask residents [set damage 0]
  ; individual events
  ask residents [
    set intensity 0
    if random-float 1 < freq-ind [
       set intensity random-exponential 0.5
       set damage damage + price * dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - infrastructure)))
       set private-infrastructure private-infrastructure * (1 -  dmax-ind / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - infrastructure))))
    ]
    set past-events-ind remove-item 0 past-events-ind
    set past-events-ind lput intensity past-events-ind
  ]
  ; neighborhood level events
  ask patches [
    set intensity 0
    if count residents-here > 0 [
      if random-float 1 < freq-neigh [
         set intensity random-exponential 0.4
         ask residents-here [
            set damage damage + price * dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - infrastructure)))
       ]
        set public-infrastructure public-infrastructure * (1 - dmax-neigh / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - mean [infrastructure] of residents-here))))

       ]
    ]
    set past-events-neigh remove-item 0 past-events-neigh
    set past-events-neigh lput intensity past-events-neigh
  ]
  ; city level events
  set intensity 0
  if random-float 1 < freq-city [
    set intensity random-exponential 0.3
    ask residents [
       set damage damage + price * dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - infrastructure)))
    ]
    ask patches [
      set public-infrastructure public-infrastructure * (1 - dmax-city / (1 + exp (0 - gamma * (intensity - mean [infrastructure] of residents))))
    ]
  ]
  ask patches [
    set past-damagelevels remove-item 0 past-damagelevels
    set past-damagelevels lput (sum [damage] of residents-here) past-damagelevels
    set past-incomelevels remove-item 0 past-incomelevels
    set past-incomelevels lput (sum [income] of residents-here) past-incomelevels
    set relativedamage 0
    if mean past-incomelevels > 0 [
      set relativedamage mean past-damagelevels / mean past-incomelevels
    ]
  ]
  set past-events-city remove-item 0 past-events-city
  set past-events-city lput intensity past-events-city
end
@#$#@#$#@
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ticks
30.0

BUTTON
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NIL
setup
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T
OBSERVER
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NIL
1

BUTTON
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go
T
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OBSERVER
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SLIDER
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fraction-open
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SLIDER
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SLIDER
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SLIDER
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SLIDER
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BUTTON
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OBSERVER
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CHOOSER
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visualization
visualization
"income" "damage" "vote" "infrastructure"
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SLIDER
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PLOT
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Gini house prices
NIL
NIL
0.0
10.0
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true
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"" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot gini-price"

SLIDER
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PLOT
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relative damage
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NIL
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10.0
0.0
1.0
true
false
"" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot average-damage"

PLOT
885
14
1197
219
investments
NIL
NIL
0.0
10.0
0.0
1.0
true
true
"" ""
PENS
"private" 1.0 0 -14070903 true "" "plot mean [private-invest] of residents"
"public" 1.0 0 -5298144 true "" "plot mean [public-invest] of patches"

PLOT
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1198
427
infrastructure
NIL
NIL
0.0
10.0
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true
false
"" ""
PENS
"total" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot mean [infrastructure] of residents"
"private" 1.0 0 -13840069 true "" "plot mean [private-infrastructure] of residents"
"public" 1.0 0 -13345367 true "" "plot mean [public-infrastructure] of patches"

SLIDER
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PLOT
1198
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budget
NIL
NIL
0.0
10.0
0.0
10.0
true
false
"" ""
PENS
"0" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot budget-scen"

CHOOSER
363
375
582
420
priority-public-investments
priority-public-investments
"low infrastructure" "recent high damage" "recent high relative damage"
2

@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

(a general understanding of what the model is trying to show or explain)

## HOW IT WORKS

(what rules the agents use to create the overall behavior of the model)

## HOW TO USE IT

(how to use the model, including a description of each of the items in the Interface tab)

## THINGS TO NOTICE

(suggested things for the user to notice while running the model)

## THINGS TO TRY

(suggested things for the user to try to do (move sliders, switches, etc.) with the model)

## EXTENDING THE MODEL

(suggested things to add or change in the Code tab to make the model more complicated, detailed, accurate, etc.)

## NETLOGO FEATURES

(interesting or unusual features of NetLogo that the model uses, particularly in the Code tab; or where workarounds were needed for missing features)

## RELATED MODELS

(models in the NetLogo Models Library and elsewhere which are of related interest)

## CREDITS AND REFERENCES

(a reference to the model's URL on the web if it has one, as well as any other necessary credits, citations, and links)
@#$#@#$#@
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Circle -1 true true 3 83 150
Rectangle -1 true true 65 221 80 296
Polygon -1 true true 195 285 210 285 210 240 240 210 195 210
Polygon -7500403 true false 276 85 285 105 302 99 294 83
Polygon -7500403 true false 219 85 210 105 193 99 201 83

square
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270

square 2
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270
Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240

star
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108

target
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300
Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240
Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180
Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120
Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60

tree
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94
Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300
Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108
Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127
Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120
Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152

triangle
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255

triangle 2
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255
Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224

truck
false
0
Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187
Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194
Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105
Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112
Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42
Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194
Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42
Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42
Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42

turtle
true
0
Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210
Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105
Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105
Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87
Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210
Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99

wheel
false
0
Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294
Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240
Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15
Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150
Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60
Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269
Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221
Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79
Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269

wolf
false
0
Polygon -16777216 true false 253 133 245 131 245 133
Polygon -7500403 true true 2 194 13 197 30 191 38 193 38 205 20 226 20 257 27 265 38 266 40 260 31 253 31 230 60 206 68 198 75 209 66 228 65 243 82 261 84 268 100 267 103 261 77 239 79 231 100 207 98 196 119 201 143 202 160 195 166 210 172 213 173 238 167 251 160 248 154 265 169 264 178 247 186 240 198 260 200 271 217 271 219 262 207 258 195 230 192 198 210 184 227 164 242 144 259 145 284 151 277 141 293 140 299 134 297 127 273 119 270 105
Polygon -7500403 true true -1 195 14 180 36 166 40 153 53 140 82 131 134 133 159 126 188 115 227 108 236 102 238 98 268 86 269 92 281 87 269 103 269 113

x
false
0
Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270
Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270
@#$#@#$#@
NetLogo 6.2.2
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
<experiments>
  <experiment name="experiment" repetitions="1000" sequentialRunOrder="false" runMetricsEveryStep="false">
    <setup>setup</setup>
    <go>go</go>
    <timeLimit steps="500"/>
    <metric>gini-price</metric>
    <metric>cum-average-damage / 100</metric>
    <metric>cum-private-infrastructure / 100</metric>
    <metric>cum-public-infrastructure / 100</metric>
    <metric>priority-invest</metric>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="fraction-open">
      <value value="0.1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="damage-threshold">
      <value value="0.05"/>
      <value value="0.15"/>
      <value value="0.25"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-city">
      <value value="0"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-neigh">
      <value value="0.3"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="alpha">
      <value value="1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="freq-ind">
      <value value="0"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="visualization">
      <value value="&quot;income&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <steppedValueSet variable="freq-neigh" first="0" step="0.2" last="1"/>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-ind">
      <value value="0"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="freq-city">
      <value value="0"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="budget-scen">
      <value value="1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="gamma">
      <value value="1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="priority-public-investments">
      <value value="&quot;recent high damage&quot;"/>
      <value value="&quot;recent high relative damage&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
  </experiment>
  <experiment name="experiment" repetitions="1" sequentialRunOrder="false" runMetricsEveryStep="false">
    <setup>setup</setup>
    <go>go</go>
    <timeLimit steps="500"/>
    <metric>gini-price</metric>
    <metric>cum-average-damage / 100</metric>
    <metric>cum-private-infrastructure / 100</metric>
    <metric>cum-public-infrastructure / 100</metric>
    <metric>priority-invest</metric>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="fraction-open">
      <value value="0.1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="damage-threshold">
      <value value="0.05"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-city">
      <value value="0.4"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-neigh">
      <value value="0.3"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="alpha">
      <value value="1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="freq-ind">
      <value value="0.2"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="visualization">
      <value value="&quot;income&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="freq-neigh">
      <value value="0.1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="dmax-ind">
      <value value="0.2"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="freq-city">
      <value value="0.1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="budget-scen">
      <value value="10"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="gamma">
      <value value="1"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
    <enumeratedValueSet variable="priority-public-investments">
      <value value="&quot;3&quot;"/>
    </enumeratedValueSet>
  </experiment>
</experiments>
@#$#@#$#@
@#$#@#$#@
default
0.0
-0.2 0 0.0 1.0
0.0 1 1.0 0.0
0.2 0 0.0 1.0
link direction
true
0
Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180
Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180
@#$#@#$#@
0
@#$#@#$#@