random_seed.c

/*
 * random_seed.c
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Metaparadigm Pte. Ltd.
 * Michael Clark <michael@metaparadigm.com>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the MIT license. See COPYING for details.
 *
 */

#include "random_seed.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "strerror_override.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef HAVE_BSD_STDLIB_H
#include <bsd/stdlib.h>
#endif

#define DEBUG_SEED(s)

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__unix__) || defined(__linux__)
#define HAVE_DEV_RANDOM 1
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
#undef HAVE_GETRANDOM
#undef HAVE_DEV_RANDOM
#undef HAVE_CRYPTGENRANDOM
#endif

#if defined ENABLE_RDRAND

/* cpuid */

#if defined __GNUC__ && (defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__)
#define HAS_X86_CPUID 1

static void do_cpuid(int regs[], int h)
{
	/* clang-format off */
    __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid"
                         : "=a"(regs[0]), "=b"(regs[1]), "=c"(regs[2]), "=d"(regs[3])
                         : "a"(h));
	/* clang-format on */
}

#elif defined _MSC_VER

#define HAS_X86_CPUID 1
#define do_cpuid __cpuid

#endif

/* has_rdrand */

#if HAS_X86_CPUID

static int get_rdrand_seed(void);

/* Valid values are -1 (haven't tested), 0 (no), and 1 (yes). */
static int _has_rdrand = -1;

static int has_rdrand(void)
{
	if (_has_rdrand != -1)
	{
		return _has_rdrand;
	}

	/* CPUID.01H:ECX.RDRAND[bit 30] == 1 */
	int regs[4];
	do_cpuid(regs, 1);
	if (!(regs[2] & (1 << 30)))
	{
		_has_rdrand = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Some CPUs advertise RDRAND in CPUID, but return 0xFFFFFFFF
	 * unconditionally. To avoid locking up later, test RDRAND here. If over
	 * 3 trials RDRAND has returned the same value, declare it broken.
	 * Example CPUs are AMD Ryzen 3000 series
	 * and much older AMD APUs, such as the E1-1500
	 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/11810
	 * https://linuxreviews.org/RDRAND_stops_returning_random_values_on_older_AMD_CPUs_after_suspend
	 */
	_has_rdrand = 0;
	int prev = get_rdrand_seed();
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		int temp = get_rdrand_seed();
		if (temp != prev)
		{
			_has_rdrand = 1;
			break;
		}

		prev = temp;
	}

	return _has_rdrand;
}

#endif

/* get_rdrand_seed - GCC x86 and X64 */

#if defined __GNUC__ && (defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__)

#define HAVE_RDRAND 1

static int get_rdrand_seed(void)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_rdrand_seed");
	int _eax;
	/* rdrand eax */
	/* clang-format off */
	__asm__ __volatile__("1: .byte 0x0F\n"
	                     "   .byte 0xC7\n"
	                     "   .byte 0xF0\n"
	                     "   jnc 1b;\n"
	                     : "=a" (_eax));
	/* clang-format on */
	return _eax;
}

#endif

#if defined _MSC_VER

#if _MSC_VER >= 1700
#define HAVE_RDRAND 1

/* get_rdrand_seed - Visual Studio 2012 and above */

static int get_rdrand_seed(void)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_rdrand_seed");
	int r;
	while (_rdrand32_step(&r) == 0)
		;
	return r;
}

#elif defined _M_IX86
#define HAVE_RDRAND 1

/* get_rdrand_seed - Visual Studio 2010 and below - x86 only */

/* clang-format off */
static int get_rdrand_seed(void)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_rdrand_seed");
	int _eax;
retry:
	/* rdrand eax */
	__asm _emit 0x0F __asm _emit 0xC7 __asm _emit 0xF0
	__asm jnc retry
	__asm mov _eax, eax
	return _eax;
}
/* clang-format on */

#endif
#endif

#endif /* defined ENABLE_RDRAND */

#ifdef HAVE_GETRANDOM

#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RANDOM_H
#include <sys/random.h>
#endif

static int get_getrandom_seed(int *seed)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_getrandom_seed");

	ssize_t ret;

	do
	{
		ret = getrandom(seed, sizeof(*seed), GRND_NONBLOCK);
	} while ((ret == -1) && (errno == EINTR));

	if (ret == -1)
	{
		if (errno == ENOSYS) /* syscall not available in kernel */
			return -1;
		if (errno == EAGAIN) /* entropy not yet initialized */
			return -1;

		fprintf(stderr, "error from getrandom(): %s", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	if (ret != sizeof(*seed))
		return -1;

	return 0;
}
#endif /* defined HAVE_GETRANDOM */

/* get_dev_random_seed */

#ifdef HAVE_DEV_RANDOM

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

static const char *dev_random_file = "/dev/urandom";

static int get_dev_random_seed(int *seed)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_dev_random_seed");

	struct stat buf;
	if (stat(dev_random_file, &buf))
		return -1;
	if ((buf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) == 0)
		return -1;

	int fd = open(dev_random_file, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "error opening %s: %s", dev_random_file, strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	ssize_t nread = read(fd, seed, sizeof(*seed));

	close(fd);

	if (nread != sizeof(*seed))
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "error short read %s: %s", dev_random_file, strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

#endif

/* get_cryptgenrandom_seed */

#ifdef WIN32

#define HAVE_CRYPTGENRANDOM 1

/* clang-format off */
#include <windows.h>

/* Caution: these blank lines must remain so clang-format doesn't reorder
   includes to put windows.h after wincrypt.h */

#include <wincrypt.h>
/* clang-format on */
#ifndef __GNUC__
#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")
#endif

static int get_cryptgenrandom_seed(int *seed)
{
	HCRYPTPROV hProvider = 0;
	DWORD dwFlags = CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT;

	DEBUG_SEED("get_cryptgenrandom_seed");

	/* WinNT 4 and Win98 do no support CRYPT_SILENT */
	if (LOBYTE(LOWORD(GetVersion())) > 4)
		dwFlags |= CRYPT_SILENT;

	if (!CryptAcquireContextA(&hProvider, 0, 0, PROV_RSA_FULL, dwFlags))
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "error CryptAcquireContextA 0x%08lx", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{
		BOOL ret = CryptGenRandom(hProvider, sizeof(*seed), (BYTE *)seed);
		CryptReleaseContext(hProvider, 0);
		if (!ret)
		{
			fprintf(stderr, "error CryptGenRandom 0x%08lx", GetLastError());
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

#endif

/* get_time_seed */

#ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
#include <time.h>

static int get_time_seed(void)
{
	DEBUG_SEED("get_time_seed");

	return (unsigned)time(NULL) * 433494437;
}
#endif

/* json_c_get_random_seed */

int json_c_get_random_seed(void)
{
#ifdef OVERRIDE_GET_RANDOM_SEED
	OVERRIDE_GET_RANDOM_SEED;
#endif
#if defined HAVE_RDRAND && HAVE_RDRAND
	if (has_rdrand())
		return get_rdrand_seed();
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
	/* arc4random never fails, so use it if it's available */
	return arc4random();
#else
#ifdef HAVE_GETRANDOM
	{
		int seed = 0;
		if (get_getrandom_seed(&seed) == 0)
			return seed;
	}
#endif
#if defined HAVE_DEV_RANDOM && HAVE_DEV_RANDOM
	{
		int seed = 0;
		if (get_dev_random_seed(&seed) == 0)
			return seed;
	}
#endif
#if defined HAVE_CRYPTGENRANDOM && HAVE_CRYPTGENRANDOM
	{
		int seed = 0;
		if (get_cryptgenrandom_seed(&seed) == 0)
			return seed;
	}
#endif
	return get_time_seed();
#endif /* !HAVE_ARC4RANDOM */
}