Pitch: how high or low a note is being perceived by our brain
Duration: length of the sound
Loudness: how ‘loud’ or ‘quiet’ the sound is
Timbre: what makes sounds different from each other. It is what makes us differentiate from the same pitch played by a guitar versus a piano or your fellow programmer whistling Iron Maiden.
Note: a symbol denoting a musical sound. Represent the pitch and duration of a sound
In western music, notes are represented with the first 7 letters (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) or in Europe by La, [t/s]i, Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol
The eighth note, or octave, is given the same name as the first, but has double its frequency.
To differentiate, we usually put a number after the letter E.g: C3 (middle C in the piano), C4 is one octave above (2x frequency of C3)