PN5180ISO15693.cpp

// NAME: PN5180ISO15693.h
//
// DESC: ISO15693 protocol on NXP Semiconductors PN5180 module for Arduino.
//
// Copyright (c) 2018 by Andreas Trappmann. All rights reserved.
//
// This file is part of the PN5180 library for the Arduino environment.
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
//#define DEBUG 1

#include <Arduino.h>
#include "PN5180ISO15693.h"
#include "Debug.h"

PN5180ISO15693::PN5180ISO15693(uint8_t SSpin, uint8_t BUSYpin, uint8_t RSTpin)
              : PN5180(SSpin, BUSYpin, RSTpin) {
}

/*
 * Inventory, code=01
 *
 * Request format: SOF, Req.Flags, Inventory, AFI (opt.), Mask len, Mask value, CRC16, EOF
 * Response format: SOF, Resp.Flags, DSFID, UID, CRC16, EOF
 *
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::getInventory(uint8_t *uid) {
  //                     Flags,  CMD, maskLen
  uint8_t inventory[] = { 0x26, 0x01, 0x00 };
  //                        |\- inventory flag + high data rate
  //                        \-- 1 slot: only one card, no AFI field present
  PN5180DEBUG(F("Get Inventory...\n"));

  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    uid[i] = 0;
  }

  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(inventory, sizeof(inventory), &readBuffer);
  if (ISO15693_EC_OK != rc) {
    return rc;
  }

  PN5180DEBUG(F("Response flags: "));
  PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(readBuffer[0]));
  PN5180DEBUG(F(", Data Storage Format ID: "));
  PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(readBuffer[1]));
  PN5180DEBUG(F(", UID: "));

  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    uid[i] = readBuffer[2+i];
#ifdef DEBUG
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(uid[7-i])); // LSB comes first
    if (i<2) PN5180DEBUG(":");
#endif
  }

  PN5180DEBUG("\n");

  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}

/*
 * Read single block, code=20
 *
 * Request format: SOF, Req.Flags, ReadSingleBlock, UID (opt.), BlockNumber, CRC16, EOF
 * Response format:
 *  when ERROR flag is set:
 *    SOF, Resp.Flags, ErrorCode, CRC16, EOF
 *
 *     Response Flags:
  *    xxxx.3xx0
  *         |||\_ Error flag: 0=no error, 1=error detected, see error field
  *         \____ Extension flag: 0=no extension, 1=protocol format is extended
  *
  *  If Error flag is set, the following error codes are defined:
  *    01 = The command is not supported, i.e. the request code is not recognized.
  *    02 = The command is not recognized, i.e. a format error occurred.
  *    03 = The option is not supported.
  *    0F = Unknown error.
  *    10 = The specific block is not available.
  *    11 = The specific block is already locked and cannot be locked again.
  *    12 = The specific block is locked and cannot be changed.
  *    13 = The specific block was not successfully programmed.
  *    14 = The specific block was not successfully locked.
  *    A0-DF = Custom command error codes
 *
 *  when ERROR flag is NOT set:
 *    SOF, Flags, BlockData (len=blockLength), CRC16, EOF
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::readSingleBlock(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData, uint8_t blockSize) {
  //                            flags, cmd, uid,             blockNo
  uint8_t readSingleBlock[] = { 0x22, 0x20, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, blockNo }; // UID has LSB first!
  //                              |\- high data rate
  //                              \-- no options, addressed by UID
  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    readSingleBlock[2+i] = uid[i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG("Read Single Block #");
  PN5180DEBUG(blockNo);
  PN5180DEBUG(", size=");
  PN5180DEBUG(blockSize);
  PN5180DEBUG(": ");
  for (int i=0; i<sizeof(readSingleBlock); i++) {
    PN5180DEBUG(" ");
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(readSingleBlock[i]));
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  uint8_t *resultPtr;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(readSingleBlock, sizeof(readSingleBlock), &resultPtr);
  if (ISO15693_EC_OK != rc) {
    return rc;
  }

  PN5180DEBUG("Value=");

  for (int i=0; i<blockSize; i++) {
    blockData[i] = resultPtr[1+i];
#ifdef DEBUG
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(blockData[i]));
    PN5180DEBUG(" ");
#endif
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG(" ");
  for (int i=0; i<blockSize; i++) {
    char c = blockData[i];
    if (isPrintable(c)) {
      PN5180DEBUG(c);
    }
    else PN5180DEBUG(".");
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}

/**
 * @brief Writes the Application Family Identifier (AFI) to a tag.
 *
 * This method constructs and sends a command to write the AFI value to the specified UID.
 * The command format includes both flags and UID, followed by the AFI value.
 * Debug output is enabled if DEBUG is defined, printing the command to the Serial console.
 *
 * @param uid Pointer to an array containing the UID of the tag (8 bytes).
 * @param afi The AFI value to be written to the tag.
 * @return ISO15693ErrorCode indicating the success or failure of the operation.
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::writeAFI(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t afi) {
  // Construct the command for writing AFI
  uint8_t writeAFICommand[] = { 0x22, 0x27, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, afi }; // UID has LSB first!
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    writeAFICommand[2 + i] = uid[i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  Serial.print("Write AFI Command: ");
  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(writeAFICommand); i++) {
    Serial.print(writeAFICommand[i], HEX);
    Serial.print(" ");
  }
  Serial.println();
#endif

  uint8_t* resultPtr;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(writeAFICommand, sizeof(writeAFICommand), &resultPtr);
  return rc;
}

/**
 * @brief Reads the Application Family Identifier (AFI) from a tag.
 *
 * This method uses the getSystemInfo command to retrieve the AFI value.
 * The AFI value is included in the system information response if the
 * tag supports and has an AFI value set.
 *
 * @param uid Pointer to an array containing the UID of the tag (8 bytes).
 * @param afi Pointer to store the read AFI value.
 * @return ISO15693ErrorCode indicating the success or failure of the operation.
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::readAFI(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t *afi) {
  uint8_t sysInfo[] = { 0x22, 0x2b, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };  // Get System Info command
  
  // Copy UID into command buffer (LSB first)
  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    sysInfo[2+i] = uid[i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG(F("Read AFI using System Info command: "));
  for (int i=0; i<sizeof(sysInfo); i++) {
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(sysInfo[i]));
    PN5180DEBUG(" ");
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(sysInfo, sizeof(sysInfo), &readBuffer);
  if (rc != ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    return rc;
  }

  // Check info flags to see if AFI is supported/present
  uint8_t infoFlags = readBuffer[1];
  if (!(infoFlags & 0x02)) {  // AFI flag not set
    return ISO15693_EC_OPTION_NOT_SUPPORTED;
  }

  // Calculate position of AFI in response buffer
  uint8_t *p = &readBuffer[10];  // Start after UID
  
  // Skip DSFID if present
  if (infoFlags & 0x01) {  // DSFID flag
    p++;
  }

  // Read AFI value
  *afi = *p;
  
#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG(F("AFI value read: 0x"));
  PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(*afi));
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}

/*
 * Write single block, code=21
 *
 * Request format: SOF, Requ.Flags, WriteSingleBlock, UID (opt.), BlockNumber, BlockData (len=blcokLength), CRC16, EOF
 * Response format:
 *  when ERROR flag is set:
 *    SOF, Resp.Flags, ErrorCode, CRC16, EOF
 *
 *     Response Flags:
  *    xxxx.3xx0
  *         |||\_ Error flag: 0=no error, 1=error detected, see error field
  *         \____ Extension flag: 0=no extension, 1=protocol format is extended
  *
  *  If Error flag is set, the following error codes are defined:
  *    01 = The command is not supported, i.e. the request code is not recognized.
  *    02 = The command is not recognized, i.e. a format error occurred.
  *    03 = The option is not supported.
  *    0F = Unknown error.
  *    10 = The specific block is not available.
  *    11 = The specific block is already locked and cannot be locked again.
  *    12 = The specific block is locked and cannot be changed.
  *    13 = The specific block was not successfully programmed.
  *    14 = The specific block was not successfully locked.
  *    A0-DF = Custom command error codes
 *
 *  when ERROR flag is NOT set:
 *    SOF, Resp.Flags, CRC16, EOF
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::writeSingleBlock(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t blockNo, uint8_t *blockData, uint8_t blockSize) {
  //                            flags, cmd, uid,             blockNo
  uint8_t writeSingleBlock[] = { 0x22, 0x21, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, blockNo }; // UID has LSB first!
  //                               |\- high data rate
  //                               \-- no options, addressed by UID

  uint8_t writeCmdSize = sizeof(writeSingleBlock) + blockSize;
  uint8_t *writeCmd = (uint8_t*)malloc(writeCmdSize);
  uint8_t pos = 0;
  writeCmd[pos++] = writeSingleBlock[0];
  writeCmd[pos++] = writeSingleBlock[1];
  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    writeCmd[pos++] = uid[i];
  }
  writeCmd[pos++] = blockNo;
  for (int i=0; i<blockSize; i++) {
    writeCmd[pos++] = blockData[i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG("Write Single Block #");
  PN5180DEBUG(blockNo);
  PN5180DEBUG(", size=");
  PN5180DEBUG(blockSize);
  PN5180DEBUG(":");
  for (int i=0; i<writeCmdSize; i++) {
    PN5180DEBUG(" ");
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(writeCmd[i]));
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  uint8_t *resultPtr;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(writeCmd, writeCmdSize, &resultPtr);
  if (ISO15693_EC_OK != rc) {
    free(writeCmd);
    return rc;
  }

  free(writeCmd);
  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}

/*
 * Get System Information, code=2B
 *
 * Request format: SOF, Req.Flags, GetSysInfo, UID (opt.), CRC16, EOF
 * Response format:
 *  when ERROR flag is set:
 *    SOF, Resp.Flags, ErrorCode, CRC16, EOF
 *
 *     Response Flags:
  *    xxxx.3xx0
  *         |||\_ Error flag: 0=no error, 1=error detected, see error field
  *         \____ Extension flag: 0=no extension, 1=protocol format is extended
  *
  *  If Error flag is set, the following error codes are defined:
  *    01 = The command is not supported, i.e. the request code is not recognized.
  *    02 = The command is not recognized, i.e. a format error occurred.
  *    03 = The option is not supported.
  *    0F = Unknown error.
  *    10 = The specific block is not available.
  *    11 = The specific block is already locked and cannot be locked again.
  *    12 = The specific block is locked and cannot be changed.
  *    13 = The specific block was not successfully programmed.
  *    14 = The specific block was not successfully locked.
  *    A0-DF = Custom command error codes
  *
 *  when ERROR flag is NOT set:
 *    SOF, Flags, InfoFlags, UID, DSFID (opt.), AFI (opt.), Other fields (opt.), CRC16, EOF
 *
 *    InfoFlags:
 *    xxxx.3210
 *         |||\_ DSFID: 0=DSFID not supported, DSFID field NOT present; 1=DSFID supported, DSFID field present
 *         ||\__ AFI: 0=AFI not supported, AFI field not present; 1=AFI supported, AFI field present
 *         |\___ VICC memory size:
 *         |        0=Information on VICC memory size is not supported. Memory size field is present. ???
 *         |        1=Information on VICC memory size is supported. Memory size field is present.
 *         \____ IC reference:
 *                  0=Information on IC reference is not supported. IC reference field is not present.
 *                  1=Information on IC reference is supported. IC reference field is not present.
 *
 *    VICC memory size:
 *      xxxb.bbbb nnnn.nnnn
 *        bbbbb - Block size is expressed in number of bytes, on 5 bits, allowing to specify up to 32 bytes i.e. 256 bits.
 *        nnnn.nnnn - Number of blocks is on 8 bits, allowing to specify up to 256 blocks.
 *
 *    IC reference: The IC reference is on 8 bits and its meaning is defined by the IC manufacturer.
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::getSystemInfo(uint8_t *uid, uint8_t *blockSize, uint8_t *numBlocks) {
  uint8_t sysInfo[] = { 0x22, 0x2b, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 };  // UID has LSB first!
  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    sysInfo[2+i] = uid[i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG("Get System Information");
  for (int i=0; i<sizeof(sysInfo); i++) {
    PN5180DEBUG(" ");
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(sysInfo[i]));
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(sysInfo, sizeof(sysInfo), &readBuffer);
  if (ISO15693_EC_OK != rc) {
    return rc;
  }

  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    uid[i] = readBuffer[2+i];
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG("UID=");
  for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(readBuffer[9-i]));  // UID has LSB first!
    if (i<2) PN5180DEBUG(":");
  }
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");
#endif

  uint8_t *p = &readBuffer[10];

  uint8_t infoFlags = readBuffer[1];
  if (infoFlags & 0x01) { // DSFID flag
    uint8_t dsfid = *p++;
    PN5180DEBUG("DSFID=");  // Data storage format identifier
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(dsfid));
    PN5180DEBUG("\n");
  }
#ifdef DEBUG
  else PN5180DEBUG(F("No DSFID\n"));
#endif

  if (infoFlags & 0x02) { // AFI flag
    uint8_t afi = *p++;
    PN5180DEBUG(F("AFI="));  // Application family identifier
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(afi));
    PN5180DEBUG(F(" - "));
    switch (afi >> 4) {
      case 0: PN5180DEBUG(F("All families")); break;
      case 1: PN5180DEBUG(F("Transport")); break;
      case 2: PN5180DEBUG(F("Financial")); break;
      case 3: PN5180DEBUG(F("Identification")); break;
      case 4: PN5180DEBUG(F("Telecommunication")); break;
      case 5: PN5180DEBUG(F("Medical")); break;
      case 6: PN5180DEBUG(F("Multimedia")); break;
      case 7: PN5180DEBUG(F("Gaming")); break;
      case 8: PN5180DEBUG(F("Data storage")); break;
      case 9: PN5180DEBUG(F("Item management")); break;
      case 10: PN5180DEBUG(F("Express parcels")); break;
      case 11: PN5180DEBUG(F("Postal services")); break;
      case 12: PN5180DEBUG(F("Airline bags")); break;
      default: PN5180DEBUG(F("Unknown")); break;
    }
    PN5180DEBUG("\n");
  }
#ifdef DEBUG
  else PN5180DEBUG(F("No AFI\n"));
#endif

  if (infoFlags & 0x04) { // VICC Memory size
    *numBlocks = *p++;
    *blockSize = *p++;
    *blockSize = (*blockSize) & 0x1f;

    *blockSize = *blockSize + 1; // range: 1-32
    *numBlocks = *numBlocks + 1; // range: 1-256
    uint16_t viccMemSize = (*blockSize) * (*numBlocks);

    PN5180DEBUG("VICC MemSize=");
    PN5180DEBUG(viccMemSize);
    PN5180DEBUG(" BlockSize=");
    PN5180DEBUG(*blockSize);
    PN5180DEBUG(" NumBlocks=");
    PN5180DEBUG(*numBlocks);
    PN5180DEBUG("\n");
  }
#ifdef DEBUG
  else PN5180DEBUG(F("No VICC memory size\n"));
#endif

  if (infoFlags & 0x08) { // IC reference
    uint8_t icRef = *p++;
    PN5180DEBUG("IC Ref=");
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(icRef));
    PN5180DEBUG("\n");
  }
#ifdef DEBUG
  else PN5180DEBUG(F("No IC ref\n"));
#endif

  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}


// ICODE SLIX specific commands

/*
 * The GET RANDOM NUMBER command is required to receive a random number from the label IC.
 * The passwords that will be transmitted with the SET PASSWORD,ENABLEPRIVACY and DESTROY commands
 * have to be calculated with the password and therandom number (see Section 9.5.3.2 "SET PASSWORD")
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::getRandomNumber(uint8_t *randomData) {
  uint8_t getrandom[] = {0x02, 0xB2, 0x04};
  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(getrandom, sizeof(getrandom), &readBuffer);
  if (rc == ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    randomData[0] = readBuffer[1];
    randomData[1] = readBuffer[2];
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
 * The SET PASSWORD command enables the different passwords to be transmitted to the label
 * to access the different protected functionalities of the following commands.
 * The SET PASSWORD command has to be executed just once for the related passwords if the label is powered
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::setPassword(uint8_t *password, uint8_t *random) {
  uint8_t setPassword[] = {0x02, 0xB3, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  setPassword[4] = password[0] ^ random[0];
  setPassword[5] = password[1] ^ random[1];
  setPassword[6] = password[2] ^ random[0];
  setPassword[7] = password[3] ^ random[1];
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(setPassword, sizeof(setPassword), &readBuffer);
  return rc;
}

ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::enablePrivacy(uint8_t *password, uint8_t *random) {
  uint8_t setPrivacy[] = {0x02, 0xBA, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  setPrivacy[3] = password[0] ^ random[0];
  setPrivacy[4] = password[1] ^ random[1];
  setPrivacy[5] = password[2] ^ random[0];
  setPrivacy[6] = password[3] ^ random[1];
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(setPrivacy, sizeof(setPrivacy), &readBuffer);
  return rc;
}

ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::writePassword(uint8_t *password, uint8_t *uid) {
  uint8_t writePassword[] = {0x22, 0xB4, 0x04, uid[0], uid[1], uid[2], uid[3], uid[4], uid[5], uid[6], uid[7], 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
  uint8_t *readBuffer;
  writePassword[12] = password[0];
  writePassword[13] = password[1];
  writePassword[14] = password[2];
  writePassword[15] = password[3];
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = issueISO15693Command(writePassword, sizeof(writePassword), &readBuffer);
  return rc;
}


// unlock a ICODE SLIX2 tag with given password
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::unlockICODESLIX2(uint8_t *password) {
  // get a random number from the tag
  uint8_t random[]= {0x00, 0x00};
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = getRandomNumber(random);
  if (rc != ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    return rc;
  }

  // set password to unlock the tag
  rc = setPassword(password, random);
  return rc;
}

// lock a ICODE SLIX2 tag with given password (set to privacy mode)
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::lockICODESLIX2(uint8_t *password) {
  // get a random number from the tag
  uint8_t random[]= {0x00, 0x00};
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = getRandomNumber(random);
  if (rc != ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    return rc;
  }

  // enable privacy command to lock the tag
  rc = enablePrivacy(password, random);
  return rc;
}

// set a new privacy password for slix2 Tags
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::newpasswordICODESLIX2(uint8_t *newpassword, uint8_t *oldpassword, uint8_t *uid) {
  // get a random number from the tag
  uint8_t random[]= {0x00, 0x00};
  ISO15693ErrorCode rc = getRandomNumber(random);
  if (rc != ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    return rc;
  }

  // set password to unlock the tag
  rc = setPassword(oldpassword, random);

  if (rc != ISO15693_EC_OK) {
    return rc;
  }

  // write new password
  rc = writePassword(newpassword, uid);
  
  return rc;

}


/*
 * ISO 15693 - Protocol
 *
 * General Request Format:
 *  SOF, Req.Flags, Command code, Parameters, Data, CRC16, EOF
 *
 *  Request Flags:
 *    xxxx.3210
 *         |||\_ Subcarrier flag: 0=single sub-carrier, 1=two sub-carrier
 *         ||\__ Datarate flag: 0=low data rate, 1=high data rate
 *         |\___ Inventory flag: 0=no inventory, 1=inventory
 *         \____ Protocol extension flag: 0=no extension, 1=protocol format is extended
 *
 *  If Inventory flag is set:
 *    7654.xxxx
 *     ||\_ AFI flag: 0=no AFI field present, 1=AFI field is present
 *     |\__ Number of slots flag: 0=16 slots, 1=1 slot
 *     \___ Option flag: 0=default, 1=meaning is defined by command description
 *
 *  If Inventory flag is NOT set:
 *    7654.xxxx
 *     ||\_ Select flag: 0=request shall be executed by any VICC according to Address_flag
 *     ||                1=request shall be executed only by VICC in selected state
 *     |\__ Address flag: 0=request is not addressed. UID field is not present.
 *     |                  1=request is addressed. UID field is present. Only VICC with UID shall answer
 *     \___ Option flag: 0=default, 1=meaning is defined by command description
 *
 * General Response Format:
 *  SOF, Resp.Flags, Parameters, Data, CRC16, EOF
 *
 *  Response Flags:
 *    xxxx.3210
 *         |||\_ Error flag: 0=no error, 1=error detected, see error field
 *         ||\__ RFU: 0
 *         |\___ RFU: 0
 *         \____ Extension flag: 0=no extension, 1=protocol format is extended
 *
 *  If Error flag is set, the following error codes are defined:
 *    01 = The command is not supported, i.e. the request code is not recognized.
 *    02 = The command is not recognized, i.e. a format error occurred.
 *    03 = The option is not supported.
 *    0F = Unknown error.
 *    10 = The specific block is not available.
 *    11 = The specific block is already locked and cannot be locked again.
 *    12 = The specific block is locked and cannot be changed.
 *    13 = The specific block was not successfully programmed.
 *    14 = The specific block was not successfully locked.
 *    A0-DF = Custom command error codes
 *
 *  Function return values:
 *    0 = OK
 *   -1 = No card detected
 *   >0 = Error code
 */
ISO15693ErrorCode PN5180ISO15693::issueISO15693Command(uint8_t *cmd, uint8_t cmdLen, uint8_t **resultPtr) {
#ifdef DEBUG
  PN5180DEBUG(F("Issue Command 0x"));
  PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(cmd[1]));
  PN5180DEBUG("...\n");
#endif

  sendData(cmd, cmdLen);
  delay(10);
  uint32_t status = getIRQStatus();
  if (0 == (status & RX_SOF_DET_IRQ_STAT)) {
    return EC_NO_CARD;
  }
  while (0 == (status & RX_IRQ_STAT)) {
    delay(10);
    status = getIRQStatus();
  }

  uint32_t rxStatus;
  readRegister(RX_STATUS, &rxStatus);

  PN5180DEBUG(F("RX-Status="));
  PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(rxStatus));

  uint16_t len = (uint16_t)(rxStatus & 0x000001ff);

  PN5180DEBUG(", len=");
  PN5180DEBUG(len);
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");

 *resultPtr = readData(len);
  if (0L == *resultPtr) {
    PN5180DEBUG(F("*** ERROR in readData!\n"));
    return ISO15693_EC_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  Serial.print("Read=");
  for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
    Serial.print(formatHex((*resultPtr)[i]));
    if (i<len-1) Serial.print(":");
  }
  Serial.println();
#endif

  uint32_t irqStatus = getIRQStatus();
  if (0 == (RX_SOF_DET_IRQ_STAT & irqStatus)) { // no card detected
     clearIRQStatus(TX_IRQ_STAT | IDLE_IRQ_STAT);
     return EC_NO_CARD;
  }

  uint8_t responseFlags = (*resultPtr)[0];
  if (responseFlags & (1<<0)) { // error flag
    uint8_t errorCode = (*resultPtr)[1];

    PN5180DEBUG("ERROR code=");
    PN5180DEBUG(formatHex(errorCode));
    PN5180DEBUG(" - ");
    PN5180DEBUG(strerror(errorCode));
    PN5180DEBUG("\n");

    if (errorCode >= 0xA0) { // custom command error codes
      return ISO15693_EC_CUSTOM_CMD_ERROR;
    }
    else return (ISO15693ErrorCode)errorCode;
  }

#ifdef DEBUG
  if (responseFlags & (1<<3)) { // extendsion flag
    PN5180DEBUG("Extension flag is set!\n");
  }
#endif

  clearIRQStatus(RX_SOF_DET_IRQ_STAT | IDLE_IRQ_STAT | TX_IRQ_STAT | RX_IRQ_STAT);
  return ISO15693_EC_OK;
}

bool PN5180ISO15693::setupRF() {
  PN5180DEBUG(F("Loading RF-Configuration...\n"));
  if (loadRFConfig(0x0d, 0x8d)) {  // ISO15693 parameters
    PN5180DEBUG(F("done.\n"));
  }
  else return false;

  PN5180DEBUG(F("Turning ON RF field...\n"));
  if (setRF_on()) {
    PN5180DEBUG(F("done.\n"));
  }
  else return false;

  writeRegisterWithAndMask(SYSTEM_CONFIG, 0xfffffff8);  // Idle/StopCom Command
  writeRegisterWithOrMask(SYSTEM_CONFIG, 0x00000003);   // Transceive Command

  return true;
}

const __FlashStringHelper *PN5180ISO15693::strerror(ISO15693ErrorCode errno) {
  PN5180DEBUG(F("ISO15693ErrorCode="));
  PN5180DEBUG(errno);
  PN5180DEBUG("\n");

  switch (errno) {
    case EC_NO_CARD: return F("No card detected!");
    case ISO15693_EC_OK: return F("OK!");
    case ISO15693_EC_NOT_SUPPORTED: return F("Command is not supported!");
    case ISO15693_EC_NOT_RECOGNIZED: return F("Command is not recognized!");
    case ISO15693_EC_OPTION_NOT_SUPPORTED: return F("Option is not supported!");
    case ISO15693_EC_UNKNOWN_ERROR: return F("Unknown error!");
    case ISO15693_EC_BLOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE: return F("Specified block is not available!");
    case ISO15693_EC_BLOCK_ALREADY_LOCKED: return F("Specified block is already locked!");
    case ISO15693_EC_BLOCK_IS_LOCKED: return F("Specified block is locked and cannot be changed!");
    case ISO15693_EC_BLOCK_NOT_PROGRAMMED: return F("Specified block was not successfully programmed!");
    case ISO15693_EC_BLOCK_NOT_LOCKED: return F("Specified block was not successfully locked!");
    default:
      if ((errno >= 0xA0) && (errno <= 0xDF)) {
        return F("Custom command error code!");
      }
      else return F("Undefined error code in ISO15693!");
  }
}