diff --git a/Sources/AblyChat/RoomLifecycleManager.swift b/Sources/AblyChat/RoomLifecycleManager.swift
index 043602c2..67cdcff4 100644
--- a/Sources/AblyChat/RoomLifecycleManager.swift
+++ b/Sources/AblyChat/RoomLifecycleManager.swift
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ internal actor DefaultRoomLifecycleManager<Contributor: RoomLifecycleContributor
                 for (contributor, subscription) in subscriptions {
                     // This `@Sendable` is to make the compiler error "'self'-isolated value of type '() async -> Void' passed as a strongly transferred parameter; later accesses could race" go away. I don’t hugely understand what it means, but given the "'self'-isolated value" I guessed it was something vaguely to do with the fact that `async` actor initializers are actor-isolated and thought that marking it as `@Sendable` would sever this isolation and make the error go away, which it did 🤷. But there are almost certainly consequences that I am incapable of reasoning about with my current level of Swift concurrency knowledge.
                     group.addTask { @Sendable [weak self] in
+                        // We intentionally wait to finish processing one state change before moving on to the next; this means that when we process an ATTACHED state change, we can be sure that the current `hasBeenAttached` annotation correctly reflects the contributor’s previous state changes.
                         for await stateChange in subscription {
                             await self?.didReceiveStateChange(stateChange, forContributor: contributor)
                         }
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ internal actor DefaultRoomLifecycleManager<Contributor: RoomLifecycleContributor
         // TODO: Not clear whether there can be multiple or just one (asked in https://github.com/ably/specification/pull/200/files#r1781927850)
         var pendingDiscontinuityEvents: [ARTErrorInfo] = []
         var transientDisconnectTimeout: TransientDisconnectTimeout?
-        /// Whether a CHA-RL1f call to `attach()` on the contributor has previously succeeded.
+        /// Whether a state change to `ATTACHED` has already been observed for this contributor.
         var hasBeenAttached: Bool
 
         var hasTransientDisconnectTimeout: Bool {
@@ -384,6 +385,7 @@ internal actor DefaultRoomLifecycleManager<Contributor: RoomLifecycleContributor
         ///
         /// A contributor state change is considered handled once the manager has performed all of the side effects that it will perform as a result of receiving this state change. Specifically, once:
         ///
+        /// - (if the state change is ATTACHED) the manager has recorded that an ATTACHED state change has been observed for the contributor
         /// - the manager has recorded all pending discontinuity events provoked by the state change (you can retrieve these using ``testsOnly_pendingDiscontinuityEventsForContributor(at:)``)
         /// - the manager has performed all status changes provoked by the state change (this does _not_ include the case in which the state change provokes the creation of a transient disconnect timeout which subsequently provokes a status change; use ``testsOnly_subscribeToHandledTransientDisconnectTimeouts()`` to find out about those)
         /// - the manager has performed all contributor actions provoked by the state change, namely calls to ``RoomLifecycleContributorChannel.detach()`` or ``RoomLifecycleContributor.emitDiscontinuity(_:)``
@@ -456,14 +458,17 @@ internal actor DefaultRoomLifecycleManager<Contributor: RoomLifecycleContributor
                 await contributor.emitDiscontinuity(reason)
             }
         case .attached:
+            let hadAlreadyAttached = contributorAnnotations[contributor].hasBeenAttached
+            contributorAnnotations[contributor].hasBeenAttached = true
+
             if hasOperationInProgress {
-                if !stateChange.resumed, contributorAnnotations[contributor].hasBeenAttached {
+                if !stateChange.resumed, hadAlreadyAttached {
                     // CHA-RL4b1
                     logger.log(message: "Recording pending discontinuity event for contributor \(contributor)", level: .info)
 
                     guard let reason = stateChange.reason else {
                         // TODO: Decide the right thing to do here (https://github.com/ably-labs/ably-chat-swift/issues/74)
-                        preconditionFailure("State change event with resumed == false should have a reason")
+                        preconditionFailure("Non-initial ATTACHED state change with resumed == false should have a reason")
                     }
 
                     contributorAnnotations[contributor].pendingDiscontinuityEvents.append(reason)
@@ -801,7 +806,6 @@ internal actor DefaultRoomLifecycleManager<Contributor: RoomLifecycleContributor
             do {
                 logger.log(message: "Attaching contributor \(contributor)", level: .info)
                 try await contributor.channel.attach()
-                contributorAnnotations[contributor].hasBeenAttached = true
             } catch let contributorAttachError {
                 let contributorState = await contributor.channel.state
                 logger.log(message: "Failed to attach contributor \(contributor), which is now in state \(contributorState), error \(contributorAttachError)", level: .info)
diff --git a/Tests/AblyChatTests/DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests.swift b/Tests/AblyChatTests/DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests.swift
index af5ece97..18f0e5f9 100644
--- a/Tests/AblyChatTests/DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/AblyChatTests/DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests.swift
@@ -1422,18 +1422,29 @@ struct DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests {
         #expect(discontinuity === contributorStateChange.reason)
     }
 
-    // @specOneOf(1/2) CHA-RL4b1 - Tests the case where the contributor has been attached previously
+    // @specPartial CHA-RL4b1 - Tests the case where the contributor has been attached previously (TODO: I have changed the criteria for deciding whether an ATTACHED status change represents a discontinuity, to be based on whether there was a previous ATTACHED state change instead of whether the `attach()` call has completed; see https://github.com/ably/specification/issues/239 and change this back to specOneOf(1/2) once we’re aligned with spec again)
     @Test
     func contributorAttachEvent_withResumeFalse_withOperationInProgress_withContributorAttachedPreviously_recordsPendingDiscontinuityEvent() async throws {
-        // Given: A DefaultRoomLifecycleManager, with a room lifecycle operation in progress, and which has a contributor for which a CHA-RL1f call to `attach()` has succeeded
+        // Given: A DefaultRoomLifecycleManager, with a room lifecycle operation in progress, and which has a contributor for which it has previously received an ATTACHED state change
         let contributorDetachOperation = SignallableChannelOperation()
         let contributor = createContributor(attachBehavior: .success, detachBehavior: contributorDetachOperation.behavior)
         let manager = await createManager(
             contributors: [contributor]
         )
 
-        // This is to satisfy "a CHA-RL1f call to `attach()` has succeeded"
-        try await manager.performAttachOperation()
+        // This is to satisfy "for which it has previously received an ATTACHED state change"
+        let previousContributorStateChange = ARTChannelStateChange(
+            // `previous`, `reason`, and `resumed` are arbitrary, but for realism let’s simulate an initial ATTACHED
+            current: .attached,
+            previous: .attaching,
+            event: .attached,
+            reason: nil,
+            resumed: false
+        )
+
+        await waitForManager(manager, toHandleContributorStateChange: previousContributorStateChange) {
+            await contributor.channel.emitStateChange(previousContributorStateChange)
+        }
 
         // This is to put the manager into the DETACHING state, to satisfy "with a room lifecycle operation in progress"
         let roomStatusSubscription = await manager.onRoomStatusChange(bufferingPolicy: .unbounded)
@@ -1464,10 +1475,10 @@ struct DefaultRoomLifecycleManagerTests {
         contributorDetachOperation.complete(behavior: .success)
     }
 
-    // @specOneOf(2/2) CHA-RL4b1 - Tests the case where the contributor has not been attached previously
+    // @specPartial CHA-RL4b1 - Tests the case where the contributor has not been attached previously (TODO: I have changed the criteria for deciding whether an ATTACHED status change represents a discontinuity, to be based on whether there was a previous ATTACHED state change instead of whether the `attach()` call has completed; see https://github.com/ably/specification/issues/239 and change this back to specOneOf(2/2) once we’re aligned with spec again)
     @Test
     func contributorAttachEvent_withResumeFalse_withOperationInProgress_withContributorNotAttachedPreviously_doesNotRecordPendingDiscontinuityEvent() async throws {
-        // Given: A DefaultRoomLifecycleManager, with a room lifecycle operation in progress, and which has a contributor for which a CHA-RL1f call to `attach()` has not previously succeeded
+        // Given: A DefaultRoomLifecycleManager, with a room lifecycle operation in progress, and which has a contributor for which it has not previously received an ATTACHED state change
         let contributor = createContributor()
         let manager = await createManager(
             forTestingWhatHappensWhenCurrentlyIn: .attachingDueToAttachOperation(attachOperationID: UUID()), // case and ID arbitrary, just care that an operation is in progress