painel_presentation.Rmd

---
title: "The Effect of Streaming Chats on Political Misperceptions"
author: "Tiago Ventura | Center for Social Media and Politics | NYU"
date: "<span style = 'font-size: 70%;'> Big Data for Development and Governance, 10/21/2022 </span> <br><br> <span style = 'font-size: 70%; font-style: italic'> Joint work with  Kevin Munger, Katherine McCabe, Victory Asbury and Keng-Chi Chang </span>"
output:
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```{r setup, include=FALSE}
options(htmltools.dir.version = FALSE)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(messagwese=FALSE, warning = FALSE)
xaringanthemer::style_mono_light(base_color ="#23395b", 
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options(htmltools.dir.version = FALSE)
knitr::opts_chunk$set(message=FALSE, warning = FALSE, error=TRUE, cache=TRUE)
``` 

class:middle

### Summary of the Talk

--

`r icons::fontawesome("arrow-alt-circle-right")` **Streaming chats (e.g Facebook Lives, Twitch...) accentuate misperceptions about mass public opinion**

- Streaming chats are a representation of what social media is: 

      -  information consumption + audience engagement + contextual cues

--

`r icons::fontawesome("arrow-alt-circle-right")` **Online Field Experiment + Comments Data from Facebook**

- Experiment: Vary platform where users watch Democrats primary debate

- Social Media Data: Scrapped comments from Facebook lives.

--

`r icons::fontawesome("arrow-alt-circle-right")` **Main results - Comments accentuate misperceptions:** 

  - Lower feeling thermometer to certain candidates subject to toxic, negative comments.
      
  - Distort inferences about candidate viability.

---
class:middle

## Streaming Chats

--

**Video Feed + Social Chat: All in one screen.**

--

Popular among the younger generations.

- Twitch (Amazon)
- YouTube/YouTube Gaming (Google)
- Mixer (Microsoft)
- Facebook Lives

--

---
## Political Debates

![](./figs/genelectionabc.png)


---
### Bolsonaro's Facebook Lives

```{r echo=FALSE, out.width="100%"}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/bolso.png")
```

---
class:middle

### Research Design

**We combine a large scale ''field" experiment" with data scrapped from Facebook streaming chats.**

--

**Three main experimental conditions**

- Control (standard NBC broadcast)
- Expert chat (538 website)
- Streaming chat (Facebook)

--

.red[To complement our analysis, we scrapped the comments from Facebook Lives ]

--

---

### Treatment Arms

.pull-left[![](./figs/screenshot-fbblurcopy.png)]
.pull-right[![](./figs/screenshot-538-blurcopy.png)]

.center[

```{r echo=FALSE, out.width = "60%"}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/screenshot-abc.png")
```

]

---
class: center, middle, inverse

## Understanding comments on streaming chats.

---
### High Frequency


.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/freq-bind.png")
```
]
---
### Much more toxic:

.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/proportion_toxicity.png")
```
].footnote[Deep Learning Models from Google Perspective API]

---
### Contains Mostly Negative Primes

.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/topics_3by_cand.png")
```
]

---
### Mostly Negative Polarity About the Candidates

.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/polarity_candidates.png")
```
]

---
class:inverse, middle, center

## Experimental Results

---
### Subjective Well-Being
.center[
Facebook chat somewhat less informative, enjoyable, and engaging
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/frequencyplot.png")
```
]

---
### Feeling Thermomethers about the Candidates

```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/ftplot.png")
```

---
### Content Effect
.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/ft_on_negative_comments.png")
```
]


---
### Poll Performance

```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/pollplot.png")
```

---
### Context Effect
.center[
```{r  echo=FALSE, out.width= '80%'}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/polls_on_positive_comments.png")
```
]

---
## Results

**Main Findings**:

- Creates worse viewing experience.

- Affects perceptions: 

      - Disproportionately negatively affect certain candidates subject to toxic, negative comments.
      
      - Distort inferences about candidate viability.

---
## Next steps: contextual cues and majority illusion. 

.pull-left[

```{r echo=FALSE, out.width="100%"}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/tweet.png")
```
]

.pull-right[

```{r echo=FALSE, out.width="100%"}
knitr::include_graphics("./figs/qttweet.png")
```
]

---
class:center, middle, inverse

# Thank you!