Command line how to

How to use the terminal.

Content:

Linux and commandline programs
Git
Installation
Convert
PDF
Node JS
Bash scripting
Network
Raspberry Pi
Nginx
MongoDB
MySQL
Email and Calendar
i3 view manager
netcat nc
cli translate

Linux

Create alias'es in terminal: sudo nano ~/.bashrc e.g: alias cdjava='cd path/to/java/projects'
Logout another user from the system
- who will show all logged in users
- sudo pkill -KILL -u <username> logs out the user by that username.
Change permissions
- sudo chmod -R 755 <folder> recursively change permision on the folder and all sub folders.
Delete folder with content
- rm -rf <foldername>
Print folder structure to console: tree or tree <path/to/folder> installed with
Create an alias. Open file ~/.bashrc and find section with aliases. Write something ala: alias pip=pip3
Show active processes: htop
- from: sudo apt-get install htop now use htop
Show all running processes:
- ps -A | less pipe the process list through less for pagination. press q to exit.
- pipe through grep: ps -A | grep firefox
- find the process id: pgrep firefox
Show processes on ports
- lsof -i:3000
Kill process running on port:
- kill $(lsof -t -i:3000) or kill -9 $(lsof -t -i:3000) for hard kill (but probably not necessary)
Turn on palm detection to avoid accidental pointer jumps.
- xinput set-prop 11 "Synaptics Palm Dimensions" 5, 5 and maybe also xinput set-prop 11 "Synaptics Palm Detection" 1
Turn on/off nautilus desktop items: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons <false/true>
Turn on/off nemo desktop items: gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons true/false: additional info if not enough:
Show file preview in nemo file manager: source
- sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo apt-get install gloobus-preview
- sudo apt-get install nemo-gloobus-sushi
publish markdown: README.md file locally with grip (was installed with pip install grip since pip is written in python).
- go to the folder containing the README.md file and enter:
- grip remove colors from the terminal when listing files and direcotories:
unalias ls : See reference here

Change how alt+tab works

Open the ConpizConfig Settings Manager (launcher -> ccsm)
Go to window management and click the Application Switcher (or static application switcher) and set the alt+tab for the next ...

Shortcuts

Files (explorer)

show location bar: ctrl + l
rename system folders
- sudo nano /home/thomas/.config/user-dirs.dirs
- I used this to rename the desktop folder and pictures, videos etc.

Download files from web

Using curl
- curl http://example.com -o my.file -s
  - Downloads the html file into the my.file file (-o is --output and -s is --silent)
Using wget
Using svn (subversion)
- From github this is the only way to download a sub directory
- svn checkout https://github.com/datsoftlyngby/dat2sem2017Fall/trunk/evalueringer
  - Above the github url was changed so that 'trunk' now replaces 'tree/master' then it works

PDF

Split a pdf file into many one page files:
- pdftk largepdfile.pdf burst

Package manager

The ubuntu package manager dpkg is derived from Debian linux

To see if a package (pandoc in this case) is installed: dpkg -l | grep pandoc

Installation

sudo wget https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/download/1.15.1/pandoc-1.15.1-1-amd64.deb followed by
sudo dpkg -i pandoc-1.15.1-1-amd64.deb vs
sudo apt-get install pandoc vs
cabal install pandoc vs
sudo dpkg -i pandoc-2.3-1-amd64.deb when the deb is downloaded and terminal runs in download folder vs.
- Or just double click the .deb file and it will open Ubuntu software GUI where install button is an option.
tar xvzf $TGZ --strip-components 1 -C pandoc-2.3-linux.tar.gz when the tar is downloaded and terminal runs from same folder WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS?

Convert

pandoc test1.md -f markdown -t html -s -o test1.html convert test1.md from -f markdown -t to html into the file: test1.html
pandoc test.docx -f docx -t markdown -s -o test.md

Git bash

change remote url

To push to a different github repo.
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:USERNAME/REPOSITORY.git To find out what is the remote: git remote show origin Set default credentials for remote to github with https:

in home folder ~/ create file .netrc
inside enter:

machine github.com
login Thomas-Hartmann
password Ho3el123

remove files from last commit

git reset --soft HEAD~1 Now the files are staged but not commited. git reset HEAD -- . removes everything in the current folder recursively from staged area.

pull hard to override local changes

first do git fetch --all
then do git reset --hard origin/master or whatever branch.

remove files after changing .gitignore

remove from repo so they will no longer be added if they were escaped in the .gitignore file
git rm -r --cached **/*.jar

see what's in remote before merge

git fetch This will take the commits from remote and add them to git but not to the working tree
git diff master origin/master This will compare what is in git repo for origin/master with what is in the working tree for branch: master.

NodeJS

forever start script.js Run Express server script as a Daemon in the background
forever start -l forever.log -o out.log -e err.log script.js log the output and errors to 2 log files

Bash

Loop through all .docx files in current folder

#!/bin/bash
FILES=./*.docx
echo "start script ............."
for f in $FILES
do
  echo "Processing $f file..."
  # Use pandoc on each .docx file to change it to .md file and change filename to not include .docx 
  pandoc $f -f docx -t markdown -s -o ${f%.*}.md
done

Network

10.0.0.4:/volume1/files /home/pi/share nfs nouser,atime,auto,rw,dev,exec,suid 0 0 Mounting from NAS server Synology to raspberry folder: share. In raspberry /etc/fstab:

10.0.0.4:/volume1/files /home/pi/Share nfs nouser,atime,auto,rw,dev,exec,suid 0   0
10.0.0.4:/volume1/videos /home/pi/Videos nfs nouser,atime,auto,rw,dev,exec,suid 0   0
10.0.0.4:/volume1/music /home/pi/Music nfs nouser,atime,auto,rw,dev,exec,suid 0   0

Then in sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

[Pi Share]
comment = Pi shared folder
path = /home/pi/Share
browseable = yes
writeable = Yes
only guest = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = yes
guest ok = yes

[Pi Video]
comment = Pi shared folder
path = /home/pi/Video
browseable = yes
writeable = Yes
only guest = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = yes
guest ok = yes

[Pi Music]
comment = Pi shared folder
path = /home/pi/Music
browseable = yes
writeable = Yes
only guest = no
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = yes
guest ok = yes

Then sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart Then in the file manager: smb://10.0.0.3

Raspberry

Raspberry pi specific operations here

Overall configuration:
- sudo raspi-config
Start node red on reboot
- sudo systemctl enable nodered.service

Nginx

Where are the host files
- /etc/nginx/sites-enabled and
- /etc/nginx/sites-available For all sites both active and 'dormant'
- create a symbolic link from sites-available to sites-enabled. This means that the symbolic link can just be removed from sites-enabled when we wish to disable the site temporarily. And to re-enable it just create a new symbolic link:
  - sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example_file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Where are the default web folder
- /var/www/html/
See what are the default server
- grep -R default_server /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
check nginx config before restart
- sudo nginx -t
restart nginx
- sudo systemctl restart nginx
Configure nginx: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

upstream tomcat {
    server 127.0.0.1:8080 fail_timeout=0;
}

server {

        root /var/www/html;

        # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
        index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.jsp;

        server_name www.bugelhartmann.dk bugelhartmann.dk;

        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                # try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
                include proxy_params;
                proxy_pass http://tomcat/;
        }
        location /nodeapps/ {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000/;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
    }

MongoDB

Install: Small tutorial
Connect from terminal mongo -u admin -p --authenticationDatabase admin;
Config sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service
restart sudo systemctl daemon-reload and sudo service mongod restart

Mysql

Stop mysql: sudo service mysql stop

Vagrant

First I had to go to BIOS and allow virtualmachine (Just the once)
Then I had to stop Mysql server: sudo service mysql stop because it was taking up the port 3306 that vagrant file was forwarding.
Starting vagrant from folder that contains Vagrantfile: vagrant up
Current vagrant repos:
- edudata: ~/projects/kotlinProjects/Edutor/edutor/edudata
Now I could run the Example of a vagrant file:

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# Vagrantfile API/syntax version. Don't touch unless you know what you're doing!
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"

Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"
  config.vm.box_check_update = false
  # connect on port 13306
  config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 3306, host: 3306
  config.vm.provision :shell, :path => "install.sh"
  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", :mount_options => ["dmode=777", "fmode=666"]
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "10.19.17.12"
  config.vm.hostname = "edudata"
end

Thunderbird

Best solution was calDav:

Installed caldav from Here downloaded the .deb file dubbleclicked it and install.
Followed this instruction
To remove annoying icon in system tray: alt+right click icon moved it to different workspace.
Password manager to insert the password: edit -> preferences -> security -> passwords -> saved passwords.
Automatic update to ubuntu updated Thunerbird and then the lightning add-on no longer worked. Solution:

Shut down thunderbird
sudo apt install xul-ext-lightning
Start thunderbird and now the calendar is back.

i3

Extend screen to HDMI:
- xrandr --output HDMI-2 --same-as eDP-1 --auto

netcat

netcat article nc command is the "Swiss-army knife for TCP/IP". A 'power version' of telnet. It can:

create socket servers to listen for incoming connections on ports
transfer files from the terminal etc
Use as telnet: nc -v google.com 80 then GET index.html HTTP/1.1 and click 'enter' TWICE!
As socket server: nc -l -v 1234 netcat listen verbose on port 1234.
socket client (e.g. from another terminal): telnet localhost 1234
create an echo server: nc -lp 1234 and from another node on network: nc <node name or ip> 1234

Translate

github link to program

Simple translate (auto detects the input language)
- trans <word> autodetects the language and translates to english
- trans :fr <phrase> translates to french (:da for danish, :es for spanish)
- trans zh: <phrase> to tell google translate that this is chinese (zh=chinese)
- trans fr:da 'cést la vie come sa' put phrase or sentence in single-quote
- trans -b :fr "Saluton, Mondo" -b is for brief mode (less verbose)
- trans :en word use as dictionary when source and target-language are the same.
- trans -d fr: mot the -d flag to use dictionary mode what ever language.
- read from input file trans -b -i input.txt :fr use the -i flag
- read fro std in echo "Saluton, Mondo" | trans -b -o output.txt :fr it writes to an output file in this example.

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linux-commands.md

linux-commands.md

Command line how to

Content:

Linux

Change how alt+tab works

Shortcuts

Files (explorer)

Download files from web

PDF

Package manager

Installation

Convert

Git bash

change remote url

remove files from last commit

pull hard to override local changes

remove files after changing .gitignore

see what's in remote before merge

NodeJS

Bash

Network

Raspberry

Nginx

MongoDB

Mysql

Vagrant

Thunderbird

i3

netcat

Translate

Files

linux-commands.md

Latest commit

History

linux-commands.md

File metadata and controls

Command line how to

Content:

Linux

Change how alt+tab works

Shortcuts

Files (explorer)

Download files from web

PDF

Package manager

Installation

Convert

Git bash

change remote url

remove files from last commit

pull hard to override local changes

remove files after changing .gitignore

see what's in remote before merge

NodeJS

Bash

Network

Raspberry

Nginx

MongoDB

Mysql

Vagrant

Thunderbird

i3

netcat

Translate