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07-bootstrapping-etcd.md

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Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster

Kubernetes components are stateless and store cluster state in etcd. In this lab you will bootstrap a two node etcd cluster and configure it for high availability and secure remote access.

Prerequisites

The commands in this lab must be run on each controller instance: master-1, and master-2. Login to each of these using an SSH terminal.

Running commands in parallel with tmux

tmux can be used to run commands on multiple compute instances at the same time.

Bootstrapping an etcd Cluster Member

Download and Install the etcd Binaries

Download the official etcd release binaries from the etcd GitHub project:

ETCD_VERSION="v3.5.9"
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
  "https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/${ETCD_VERSION}/etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz"

Extract and install the etcd server and the etcdctl command line utility:

{
  tar -xvf etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz
  sudo mv etcd-${ETCD_VERSION}-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
}

Configure the etcd Server

Copy and secure certificates. Note that we place ca.crt in our main PKI directory and link it from etcd to not have multiple copies of the cert lying around.

{
  sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd /var/lib/etcd /var/lib/kubernetes/pki
  sudo cp etcd-server.key etcd-server.crt /etc/etcd/
  sudo cp ca.crt /var/lib/kubernetes/pki/
  sudo chown root:root /etc/etcd/*
  sudo chmod 600 /etc/etcd/*
  sudo chown root:root /var/lib/kubernetes/pki/*
  sudo chmod 600 /var/lib/kubernetes/pki/*
  sudo ln -s /var/lib/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt /etc/etcd/ca.crt
}

The instance internal IP address will be used to serve client requests and communicate with etcd cluster peers.
Retrieve the internal IP address of the master(etcd) nodes, and also that of master-1 and master-2 for the etcd cluster member list

INTERNAL_IP=$(ip addr show enp0s8 | grep "inet " | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d / -f 1)
MASTER_1=$(dig +short master-1)
MASTER_2=$(dig +short master-2)

Each etcd member must have a unique name within an etcd cluster. Set the etcd name to match the hostname of the current compute instance:

ETCD_NAME=$(hostname -s)

Create the etcd.service systemd unit file:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=etcd
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \\
  --name ${ETCD_NAME} \\
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.crt \\
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.key \\
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.crt \\
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.key \\
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \\
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \\
  --peer-client-cert-auth \\
  --client-cert-auth \\
  --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2380 \\
  --listen-peer-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2380 \\
  --listen-client-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \\
  --advertise-client-urls https://${INTERNAL_IP}:2379 \\
  --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-0 \\
  --initial-cluster master-1=https://${MASTER_1}:2380,master-2=https://${MASTER_2}:2380 \\
  --initial-cluster-state new \\
  --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Start the etcd Server

{
  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  sudo systemctl enable etcd
  sudo systemctl start etcd
}

Remember to run the above commands on each controller node: master-1, and master-2.

Verification

List the etcd cluster members:

sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
  --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --cacert=/etc/etcd/ca.crt \
  --cert=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.crt \
  --key=/etc/etcd/etcd-server.key

output

45bf9ccad8d8900a, started, master-2, https://192.168.56.12:2380, https://192.168.56.12:2379
54a5796a6803f252, started, master-1, https://192.168.56.11:2380, https://192.168.56.11:2379

Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-upgrade-etcd/#starting-etcd-clusters

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