diff --git a/tools/workspace/buildifier/repository.bzl b/tools/workspace/buildifier/repository.bzl
index 879a218e85b7..d78ea5a0e33d 100644
--- a/tools/workspace/buildifier/repository.bzl
+++ b/tools/workspace/buildifier/repository.bzl
@@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ def _impl(repository_ctx):
     # Enumerate the possible binaries.  Note that the buildifier binaries are
     # fully statically linked, so the particular distribution doesn't matter,
     # only the kernel.
-    version = "5.1.0"
+    version = "6.0.1"
     darwin_urls = [
         x.format(version = version, filename = "buildifier-darwin-amd64")
         for x in repository_ctx.attr.mirrors.get("buildifier")
     ]
-    darwin_sha256 = "c9378d9f4293fc38ec54a08fbc74e7a9d28914dae6891334401e59f38f6e65dc"  # noqa
+    darwin_sha256 = "f134ec0a16b5da6f006a4e65ec1ec6044efd3b149a85fae913db57d1be0fbc70"  # noqa
     linux_urls = [
         x.format(version = version, filename = "buildifier-linux-amd64")
         for x in repository_ctx.attr.mirrors.get("buildifier")
     ]
-    linux_sha256 = "52bf6b102cb4f88464e197caac06d69793fa2b05f5ad50a7e7bf6fbd656648a3"  # noqa
+    linux_sha256 = "0e0f00a5053d697e1644d1b660dc1fb81b55838519751dd2f09eb1bd84c6b51c"  # noqa
 
     # Choose which binary to use.
     os_result = determine_os(repository_ctx)