diff --git a/.env.test b/.env.test
index 869c0adc..a3bbd545 100644
--- a/.env.test
+++ b/.env.test
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
# Not a real endpoint
SLACK_NOTIFY_URL=https://hooks.slack.com/triggers/mdl-unit-test-endpoint
+KALTURA_SESSION=
diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate-pull-request.yaml b/.github/workflows/validate-pull-request.yaml
index 816c6ecf..b645530e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate-pull-request.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate-pull-request.yaml
@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ jobs:
run: yarn install
- name: Setup DB
run: bin/rails db:schema:load
- - name: Prep UV
- run: ./prep_uv.sh
- name: Run Backend Tests
run: bundle exec rspec --tag ~skip_ci
- name: Upload Capybara Saved Pages
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1684315c..335e1784 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ When you update certain frontend elements of the app, you'll need to rebuild the
5) Remove the images
- `docker rm $IMAGE_ID`
+ `docker rmi $IMAGE_ID`
6) Build the new image (assuming you're done making changes for now)
diff --git a/app/assets/javascripts/application.js b/app/assets/javascripts/application.js
index a0f64e1c..353f4caf 100644
--- a/app/assets/javascripts/application.js
+++ b/app/assets/javascripts/application.js
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
// Read Sprockets README (https://github.com/rails/sprockets#sprockets-directives) for details
// about supported directives.
//
-//= require jquery
-//= require 'blacklight_advanced_search'
//= require jquery3
//= require rails-ujs
@@ -19,7 +17,9 @@
//= require twitter/typeahead
//= require bootstrap
//= require chosen-jquery
+
// Required by Blacklight
+//= require blacklight_advanced_search
//= require blacklight/blacklight
//= require_tree .
@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@
// For blacklight_range_limit built-in JS, if you don't want it you don't need
// this:
-//= require 'blacklight_range_limit'
+//= require blacklight_range_limit
diff --git a/app/assets/stylesheets/mdl.scss b/app/assets/stylesheets/mdl.scss
index 8a6fb624..a58bca8f 100644
--- a/app/assets/stylesheets/mdl.scss
+++ b/app/assets/stylesheets/mdl.scss
@@ -1505,8 +1505,13 @@ a.view-text:hover {
}
.iiif-av-component .controls-container {
- position: relative;
- z-index: 10;
+ .volume {
+ float: left !important;
+ }
+
+ .captions-button {
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ }
}
/* End item page styles */
diff --git a/app/controllers/catalog_controller.rb b/app/controllers/catalog_controller.rb
index 752c3f1d..98bd5c30 100644
--- a/app/controllers/catalog_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/catalog_controller.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ class CatalogController < ApplicationController
before_action :permit_search_parameters, only: [:index, :range_limit, :oai]
before_action :manage_pagination, only: :index
+ rescue_from(Blacklight::Exceptions::RecordNotFound, with: :invalid_document_id_error)
+
##
# Determine whether to render the bookmarks control
def render_bookmarks_control?
@@ -191,15 +193,6 @@ def parse_referrer_pagination_params(query_string)
## Model that maps search index responses to the blacklight response model
# config.response_model = Blacklight::Solr::Response
- ## Default parameters to send to solr for all search-like requests. See also SearchBuilder#processed_parameters
- config.default_solr_params = {
- rows: 20,
- fl: '*',
- hl: 'on',
- 'hl.fl': '*',
- 'hl.fragsize': 0
- }
-
config.default_per_page = 25
config.autocomplete_enabled = false
@@ -383,6 +376,18 @@ def parse_referrer_pagination_params(query_string)
config.add_index_field 'type_tesi', label: 'Type', highlight: true
config.add_index_field 'physical_format_tesi', label: 'Format', highlight: true
+ field_list = 'id,title_tesi,timestamp,identifier_ssim,' +
+ SolrDocument::OAI_FIELDS.join(',') +
+ ',' +
+ config.index_fields.keys.join(',')
+ # Default parameters to send to solr for all search-like requests.
+ config.default_solr_params = {
+ rows: 20,
+ fl: field_list,
+ hl: 'on',
+ 'hl.fl': field_list,
+ 'hl.fragsize': 0
+ }
# solr fields to be displayed in the show (single result) view
# The ordering of the field names is the order of the display
diff --git a/app/controllers/iiif_controller.rb b/app/controllers/iiif_controller.rb
index 0535fceb..1535ebec 100644
--- a/app/controllers/iiif_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/iiif_controller.rb
@@ -4,15 +4,50 @@ class IiifController < ApplicationController
render json: { status: :internal_server_error }, status: :internal_server_error
end
+ FIELD_LIST = MDL::CiteDetails
+ .field_configs
+ .map(&:key)
+ .to_set
+ .merge(Set[
+ 'id',
+ 'title_ssi',
+ 'rights_uri_ssi',
+ 'contact_information_ssi',
+ 'iiif_manifest_ss',
+ 'format_tesi',
+ 'kaltura_audio_playlist_entry_data_ts',
+ 'dimensions_ssi',
+ 'kaltura_audio_playlist_ssi',
+ 'kaltura_audio_ssi',
+ 'rights_statement_ssi',
+ 'kaltura_video_playlist_ssi',
+ 'kaltura_audio_playlist_ssi',
+ 'kaltura_video_playlist_entry_data_ts',
+ 'kaltura_video_ssi'
+ ])
+ .join(',')
+ .freeze
+ private_constant :FIELD_LIST
+
include Blacklight::Catalog
+ configure_blacklight do |config|
+ config.default_document_solr_params = {
+ qt: 'document',
+ fl: FIELD_LIST,
+ rows: 1
+ }
+ end
+
def manifest
_response, document = search_service.fetch(params[:id])
if document.key?('iiif_manifest_ss')
render body: document['iiif_manifest_ss'], content_type: 'application/json'
else
- doc = MDL::BorealisDocument.new(document: document)
- manifest = IiifManifest.new(doc)
+ base_uri = URI::HTTPS.build(host: request.host)
+ doc = MDL::BorealisDocument.new(document:)
+ manifest = IiifManifest.new(doc, base_url: base_uri.to_s)
+ headers['access-control-allow-origin'] = '*'
render json: manifest
end
end
diff --git a/app/controllers/tracks_controller.rb b/app/controllers/tracks_controller.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ede1bfe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/tracks_controller.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+class TracksController < ApplicationController
+ before_action :set_cors_headers
+
+ def entry
+ respond_to do |format|
+ format.vtt do
+ content = fetch_vtt_content
+ head :not_found and return unless content.present?
+
+ vtt_content = JSON.parse(content).dig(params[:entry_id])
+ head :not_found and return unless vtt_content.present?
+
+ render plain: "WEBVTT\n\n#{vtt_content}", content_type: 'text/vtt'
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ private
+
+ # TODO: remove
+ def set_cors_headers
+ headers['access-control-allow-origin'] = '*'
+ headers['access-control-allow-methods'] = 'GET'
+ headers['access-control-allow-headers'] = 'Accept, Accept-Language, Content-Type, Authorization'
+ end
+
+ def fetch_vtt_content
+ client = Blacklight.default_index.connection
+ response = client.get('select', params: {
+ defType: 'edismax',
+ fq: "id:\"#{RSolr.solr_escape(params[:id])}\"",
+ fl: 'captions_ts',
+ qt: 'search',
+ rows: 1,
+ q: '*:*',
+ wt: 'json'
+ })
+ docs = Array(response.dig('response', 'docs'))
+ docs.first&.[]('captions_ts')
+ end
+end
diff --git a/app/controllers/uvconfig_controller.rb b/app/controllers/uvconfig_controller.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 02fd3515..00000000
--- a/app/controllers/uvconfig_controller.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#
-# This controller gives us a way to dynamically vary the configuration
-# of UniversalViewer based on any attributes of the Solr document being
-# viewed. Due to the low number of dynamic values, we're currently
-# just rendering an ERB template; but if the number grows, we likely
-# should consider building an object structure that we can serialize to
-# JSON instead.
-#
-class UvconfigController < ApplicationController
- include Blacklight::Catalog
-
- def show
- _response, document = search_service.fetch(params[:id])
- bd = MDL::BorealisDocument.new(document:)
-
- @left_panel_open = !bd.assets.first.playlist?
- end
-end
diff --git a/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer.js b/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer.js
deleted file mode 100644
index be80bb4a..00000000
--- a/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-import 'script-loader!universalviewer/dist/helpers';
-import 'script-loader!jsviews/jsviews.min.js';
-import 'script-loader!core-js/client/shim.min.js';
diff --git a/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer_lib.js b/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer_lib.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 36b258a3..00000000
--- a/app/javascript/packs/universalviewer_lib.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import 'script-loader!universalviewer/dist/uv';
diff --git a/app/models/iiif_manifest.rb b/app/models/iiif_manifest.rb
index 13383dca..aa5f7066 100644
--- a/app/models/iiif_manifest.rb
+++ b/app/models/iiif_manifest.rb
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ class IiifManifest
format: 'image/jpeg'
}
}.freeze
+ private_constant :ANNOTATION_DATA_BY_TYPE
+ RENDERABLE_ASSET_CLASSES = ANNOTATION_DATA_BY_TYPE.keys.freeze
+ private_constant :RENDERABLE_ASSET_CLASSES
+ AV_ASSETS = [MDL::BorealisVideo, MDL::BorealisAudio].freeze
+ private_constant :AV_ASSETS
delegate :collection,
:id,
@@ -26,12 +31,22 @@ class IiifManifest
:assets,
to: :borealis_document
+ # @return [MDL::BorealisDocument]
attr_reader :borealis_document
- def initialize(borealis_document)
+ # @return [String]
+ attr_reader :base_url
+
+ ###
+ # @param borealis_document [MDL::BorealisDocument]
+ # @param base_url [String]
+ def initialize(borealis_document, base_url:)
@borealis_document = borealis_document
+ @base_url = base_url
end
+ ###
+ # @return [Hash]
def as_json(*)
{
'@context' => 'http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json',
@@ -58,7 +73,7 @@ def as_json(*)
}
}
end,
- 'items' => canvasable_assets.map { |a| canvas(a) }
+ 'items' => canvasable_assets.map(&method(:canvas))
}.tap do |hsh|
if borealis_document.document['rights_statement_ssi']
hsh['requiredStatement'] = {
@@ -67,7 +82,7 @@ def as_json(*)
}
end
if renderable_assets.any?
- hsh['rendering'] = renderable_assets.map { |a| rendering(a) }.flatten
+ hsh['rendering'] = renderable_assets.flat_map(&method(:rendering))
end
if rangeable_assets.any?
hsh['structures'] = rangeable_assets
@@ -80,13 +95,13 @@ def as_json(*)
private
def details
- MDL::CiteDetails.new(
- solr_doc: borealis_document.document
- ).details
+ MDL::CiteDetails
+ .new(solr_doc: borealis_document.document)
+ .details
end
def base_identifier
- "https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/#{collection}/#{id}"
+ "#{base_url}/iiif/info/#{collection}/#{id}"
end
def canvas(asset)
@@ -115,6 +130,22 @@ def canvas(asset)
hsh['duration'] = asset.playlist_data.sum { |d| d['duration'] }
else
hsh['duration'] = borealis_document.duration
+ if !asset.playlist?
+ hsh['rendering'] = [
+ {
+ 'id' => vtt_url(asset.entry_id),
+ 'type' => 'Text',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt'
+ },
+ {
+ 'id' => asset.src,
+ 'type' => annotation_body_type(asset),
+ 'duration' => borealis_document.duration,
+ 'format' => annotation_body_format(asset)
+ }
+ ]
+ end
end
width, height = annotation_aspect(asset)
@@ -128,6 +159,12 @@ def canvas(asset)
end
end
+ # @param entry_id [String]
+ # @return [String]
+ def vtt_url(entry_id)
+ "#{base_url}/tracks/#{collection}:#{id}/entry/#{entry_id}.vtt"
+ end
+
def annotation_items(asset, canvas_id)
if asset.playlist?
playlist_annotation_items(asset, canvas_id)
@@ -175,7 +212,21 @@ def playlist_annotation_items(asset, canvas_id)
hsh['width'] = width if width
hsh['height'] = height if height
end,
- 'target' => target
+ 'target' => target,
+ 'rendering' => [
+ {
+ 'id' => vtt_url(data['entry_id']),
+ 'type' => 'Text',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt'
+ },
+ {
+ 'id' => asset.src(data['entry_id']),
+ 'type' => type,
+ 'duration' => data['duration'],
+ 'format' => body_format
+ }
+ ]
}
end
end
@@ -193,7 +244,7 @@ def rendering(asset)
}
end
else
- {
+ [{
'id' => asset.src,
'type' => annotation_body_type(asset),
'label' => {
@@ -207,7 +258,7 @@ def rendering(asset)
'format' => 'image/jpeg'
}
]
- }
+ }]
end
end
@@ -248,18 +299,13 @@ def canvas_id(asset)
def canvasable_assets
assets.select do |a|
- [MDL::BorealisVideo, MDL::BorealisAudio].include?(a.class)
+ AV_ASSETS.include?(a.class)
end
end
def renderable_assets
assets.select do |a|
- [
- MDL::BorealisVideo,
- MDL::BorealisAudio,
- MDL::BorealisPdf,
- MDL::BorealisImage
- ].include?(a.class)
+ RENDERABLE_ASSET_CLASSES.include?(a.class)
end
end
diff --git a/app/models/solr_document.rb b/app/models/solr_document.rb
index d1e71939..c1cb6fec 100644
--- a/app/models/solr_document.rb
+++ b/app/models/solr_document.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,29 @@ class SolrDocument
MDL_ITEM_URL_FIELD = 'mdl_item_url'.freeze
private_constant :MDL_ITEM_URL_FIELD
+ MDL_FIELD_SEMANTICS = {
+ creator: 'creator_tesi',
+ date: 'dat_ssi',
+ subject: ['subject_ssim', 'keyword_tesi'],
+ title: 'title_ssi',
+ coverage: ['city_ssim', 'county_ssim', 'state_ssi', 'country_ssi', 'geonam_ssi'],
+ language: 'language_ssi',
+ format: ['physical_format_tesi', 'dimensions_ssi'],
+ type: 'type_ssi',
+ description: 'description_ts',
+ source: 'publishing_agency_ssi',
+ relation: ['topic_ssim', 'collection_name_ssi'],
+ publisher: 'contributing_organization_ssi',
+ rights: ['rights_ssi', 'rights_uri_ssi', 'rights_status_ssi', 'rights_statement_ssi'],
+ identifier: [MDL_ITEM_URL_FIELD, 'local_identifier_ssi', 'identifier_ssi']
+ }.freeze
+ private_constant :MDL_FIELD_SEMANTICS
+
+ OAI_FIELDS = (['oai_set_ssi'] + MDL_FIELD_SEMANTICS
+ .values
+ .flat_map(&:itself))
+ .freeze
+
# self.unique_key = 'id'
# Email uses the semantic field mappings below to generate the body of an email.
@@ -24,27 +47,12 @@ class SolrDocument
# single valued. See Blacklight::Document::SemanticFields#field_semantics
# and Blacklight::Document::SemanticFields#to_semantic_values
# Recommendation: Use field names from Dublin Core
- use_extension( Blacklight::Document::DublinCore)
+ use_extension(Blacklight::Document::DublinCore)
###
# These define the metadata that's returned for each record
# when calling the OAI GetRecord verb
- field_semantics.merge!(
- creator: 'creator_tesi',
- date: 'dat_ssi',
- subject: ['subject_ssim', 'keyword_tesi'],
- title: 'title_ssi',
- coverage: ['city_ssim', 'county_ssim', 'state_ssi', 'country_ssi', 'geonam_ssi'],
- language: 'language_ssi',
- format: ['physical_format_tesi', 'dimensions_ssi'],
- type: 'type_ssi',
- description: 'description_ts',
- source: 'publishing_agency_ssi',
- relation: ['topic_ssim', 'collection_name_ssi'],
- publisher: 'contributing_organization_ssi',
- rights: ['rights_ssi', 'rights_uri_ssi', 'rights_status_ssi', 'rights_statement_ssi'],
- identifier: [MDL_ITEM_URL_FIELD, 'local_identifier_ssi', 'identifier_ssi']
- )
+ field_semantics.merge!(MDL_FIELD_SEMANTICS)
# @!attribute [r] contributing_organization
# @return [String]
diff --git a/app/services/fetch_caption_service.rb b/app/services/fetch_caption_service.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a371963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/fetch_caption_service.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+require 'kaltura'
+
+class FetchCaptionService
+ ###
+ # @param entry_id [String]
+ # @return [String] VTT text
+ def self.fetch(entry_id)
+ service = new
+ response = service.list_caption_assets(entry_id)
+ caption_asset = Array(response.objects)
+ .lazy
+ .select { |o| o.file_ext == 'srt' }
+ .sort_by { |o| -o.accuracy }
+ .first || return
+ service.fetch(caption_asset.id)
+ end
+
+ def initialize
+ config = Kaltura::KalturaConfiguration.new
+ @client = Kaltura::KalturaClient.new(config)
+ end
+
+ def list_caption_assets(entry_id)
+ kparams = {
+ 'filter' => {
+ 'entryIdEqual' => entry_id,
+ 'objectType' => 'KalturaAssetFilter'
+ },
+ 'ks' => ENV['KALTURA_SESSION']
+ }
+ client.queue_service_action_call(
+ 'caption_captionasset',
+ 'list',
+ 'KalturaCaptionAssetListResponse',
+ kparams
+ )
+ client.do_queue
+ end
+
+ ###
+ # @param caption_asset_id [String]
+ # @return [String] VTT-formatted text
+ def fetch(caption_asset_id)
+ kparams = {
+ 'captionAssetId' => caption_asset_id,
+ 'ks' => ENV['KALTURA_SESSION']
+ }
+ client.queue_service_action_call(
+ 'caption_captionasset',
+ 'serve',
+ 'file',
+ kparams
+ )
+ url = client.get_serve_url
+ Net::HTTP.get(URI(url))
+ end
+
+ private
+
+ attr_reader :client
+end
diff --git a/app/views/catalog/_index_gallery_large_default.html.erb b/app/views/catalog/_index_gallery_large_default.html.erb
index 4a84d223..e39fd46b 100644
--- a/app/views/catalog/_index_gallery_large_default.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/catalog/_index_gallery_large_default.html.erb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
# jumbo: true)
- # asset = MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: document['format_ssi']).map
+ # asset = MDL::BorealisAssetMap[document['format_ssi']]
# url = if asset.new.iiif_compatable?
# thumbnail.jumbo_url
diff --git a/app/views/catalog/_show_default.html.erb b/app/views/catalog/_show_default.html.erb
index c565d245..cc02200d 100644
--- a/app/views/catalog/_show_default.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/catalog/_show_default.html.erb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<%
- borealis_doc = MDL::BorealisDocument.new(document: document)
+ borealis_doc = MDL::BorealisDocument.new(document:)
manifest_url = borealis_doc.manifest_url
%>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
@@ -37,8 +37,26 @@
%>
<% content_for(:head) do %>
-
- <%= javascript_pack_tag 'universalviewer' %>
+
+
+
+
<% end %>
<% content_for(:webpack_bundles) do %>
@@ -63,36 +81,98 @@
if (queryParams.uvcv && queryParams.uvcv.length) {
window.location.hash = `?${queryParams.uvcv}`;
}
- window.addEventListener('uvLoaded', function (e) {
- const urlDataProvider = new UV.URLDataProvider();
- const collectionIndex = urlDataProvider.get('c');
- // If we were given a legacy anchor, such as #/image/4, parse
- // out the 4 and use it as the canvasIndex in the UV config.
- const legacyAnchorMatch = /\/image\/(\d+)$/.exec(window.location.hash) || [0];
- let canvasIndexFallback = queryParams.uvcv || legacyAnchorMatch.pop();
- if (legacyAnchorMatch.length) {
- window.location.hash = '';
- }
+ const urlAdapter = new UV.IIIFURLAdapter();
+ const collectionIndex = urlAdapter.get("c");
+ // If we were given a legacy anchor, such as #/image/4, parse
+ // out the 4 and use it as the canvasIndex in the UV config.
+ const legacyAnchorMatch = /\/image\/(\d+)$/.exec(window.location.hash) || [0];
+ let canvasIndexFallback = queryParams.uvcv || legacyAnchorMatch.pop();
+ if (legacyAnchorMatch.length) {
+ window.location.hash = '';
+ }
+
+ const data = {
+ manifest: "<%= manifest_url %>",
+ collectionIndex: (collectionIndex !== undefined) ? Number(collectionIndex) : undefined,
+ canvasIndex: Number(urlAdapter.get("cv", canvasIndexFallback)),
+ manifestIndex: Number(urlAdapter.get("m", 0)),
+ rotation: Number(urlAdapter.get("r", 0)),
+ rangeId: urlAdapter.get("rid", ""),
+ xywh: urlAdapter.get("xywh", ""),
+ target: urlAdapter.get("target", "")
+ };
- createUV('#uv', {
- iiifResourceUri: '<%= manifest_url %>',
- root: '../../../uv/',
- configUri: '<%= uvconfig_path(params[:id]) %>',
- collectionIndex: (collectionIndex !== undefined) ? Number(collectionIndex) : undefined,
- manifestIndex: Number(urlDataProvider.get('m', 0)),
- sequenceIndex: Number(urlDataProvider.get('s', 0)),
- canvasIndex: Number(urlDataProvider.get('cv', canvasIndexFallback)),
- rotation: Number(urlDataProvider.get('r', 0)),
- rangeId: urlDataProvider.get('rid', ''),
- xywh: urlDataProvider.get('xywh', '')
- }, urlDataProvider);
+ const uv = UV.init("uv", data);
+ urlAdapter.bindTo(uv);
- $(document).on('click', 'button.download', function () {
- // We don't want to offer the full-size image download option
- $('#wholeImageHighRes, #wholeImageHighReslabel').remove();
- })
- }, false);
+ uv.on("configure", ({ config, cb }) => {
+ cb({
+ options: {
+ dropEnabled: true,
+ footerPanelEnabled: true,
+ headerPanelEnabled: true,
+ leftPanelEnabled: true,
+ limitLocales: false,
+ overrideFullScreen: false,
+ pagingEnabled: true,
+ rightPanelEnabled: true,
+ termsOfUseEnabled: true,
+ zoomToSearchResultEnabled: true,
+ zoomToBoundsEnabled: false
+ },
+ modules: {
+ downloadDialogue: {
+ options: {
+ downloadCurrentViewEnabled: false,
+ downloadWholeImageHighResEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ headerPanel: {
+ options: {
+ localeToggleEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ moreInfoRightPanel: {
+ options: {
+ manifestDisplayOrder: "Contributing Organization,Title,Creator,Contributor,Description,Date of Creation,Dimensions,Minnesota Reflections Topic,Item Type,Item Physical Format,Formal Subject Headings,Locally Assigned Subject Headings,Minnesota City or Township,Minnesota County,State or Province,Country,GeoNames URI,Language,Local Identifier,Fiscal Sponsor,Rights Management,Contact Information"
+ }
+ },
+ seadragonCenterPanel: {
+ options: {
+ autoHideControls: false,
+ requiredStatementEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ avCenterPanel: {
+ options: {
+ requiredStatementEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ centerPanel: {
+ options: {
+ requiredStatementEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ contentLeftPanel: {
+ options: {
+ panelOpen: <%= !borealis_doc.assets.first.playlist? %>,
+ defaultToTreeEnabled: true
+ }
+ },
+ searchFooterPanel: {
+ options: {
+ positionMarkerEnabled: true,
+ pageModeEnabled: false
+ }
+ },
+ footerPanel: {
+ options: {
+ downloadEnabled: true
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ });
+ });
- <%= javascript_pack_tag 'universalviewer_lib' %>
<% end %>
diff --git a/config/initializers/mime_types.rb b/config/initializers/mime_types.rb
index dc189968..94e04570 100644
--- a/config/initializers/mime_types.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/mime_types.rb
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
# Add new mime types for use in respond_to blocks:
# Mime::Type.register "text/richtext", :rtf
+Mime::Type.register('text/vtt', :vtt)
diff --git a/config/routes.rb b/config/routes.rb
index b1cb6b83..54be1494 100644
--- a/config/routes.rb
+++ b/config/routes.rb
@@ -79,7 +79,11 @@
end
end
- resources :uvconfig, only: [:show]
+ resources :tracks, only: [] do
+ member do
+ get 'entry/:entry_id', action: :entry
+ end
+ end
get 'contentdm-images' => 'contentdm_images#show'
get 'contentdm-images/info' => 'contentdm_images#info'
diff --git a/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb b/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb
index 21bd96a7..0861becb 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb
@@ -1,56 +1,43 @@
+require_relative './borealis_asset'
+require_relative './borealis_image'
+require_relative './borealis_audio'
+require_relative './borealis_video'
+require_relative './borealis_pdf'
+require_relative './borealis_ppt'
+
module MDL
class BorealisAssetMap
- attr_reader :format_field,
- :video_klass,
- :audio_klass,
- :pdf_klass,
- :ppt_klass,
- :image_klass
-
- def initialize(format_field: 'jp2',
- video_klass: BorealisVideo,
- audio_klass: BorealisAudio,
- pdf_klass: BorealisPdf,
- ppt_klass: BorealisPpt,
- image_klass: BorealisImage)
-
- @format_field = (format_field.nil?) ? 'jp2' : format_field
- @video_klass = video_klass
- @audio_klass = audio_klass
- @pdf_klass = pdf_klass
- @ppt_klass = ppt_klass
- @image_klass = image_klass
- end
+ MAPPING = {
+ 'image/jpeg' => BorealisImage,
+ 'image/jp2' => BorealisImage,
+ 'image/jpg' => BorealisImage,
+ 'tif' => BorealisImage,
+ 'jp2' => BorealisImage,
+ 'jpg' => BorealisImage,
+ 'audio/mp3' => BorealisAudio,
+ 'audio/mpeg' => BorealisAudio,
+ 'mp3' => BorealisAudio,
+ 'mp4' => BorealisVideo,
+ 'video/dv' => BorealisVideo,
+ 'video/mp4' => BorealisVideo,
+ 'video/dvvideo/mp4' => BorealisVideo,
+ 'video/mpeg4' => BorealisVideo,
+ 'pdf' => BorealisPdf,
+ 'pdfpage' => BorealisPdf,
+ 'application/pdf' => BorealisPdf,
+ 'pptx' => BorealisPpt
+ }.freeze
+ private_constant :MAPPING
- def map
- mapping.fetch(sanitized_format)
- end
-
- def sanitized_format
- format_field.gsub(/;|\n|\s/, '').downcase
- end
+ REGEX = /;|\n|\s/
+ private_constant :REGEX
- def mapping
- {
- 'image/jpeg' => image_klass,
- 'image/jp2' => image_klass,
- 'image/jpg' => image_klass,
- 'tif' => image_klass,
- 'jp2' => image_klass,
- 'jpg' => image_klass,
- 'audio/mp3' => audio_klass,
- 'audio/mpeg' => audio_klass,
- 'mp3' => audio_klass,
- 'mp4' => video_klass,
- 'video/dv' => video_klass,
- 'video/mp4' => video_klass,
- 'video/dvvideo/mp4' => video_klass,
- 'video/mpeg4' => video_klass,
- 'pdf' => pdf_klass,
- 'pdfpage' => pdf_klass,
- 'application/pdf' => pdf_klass,
- 'pptx' => ppt_klass
- }
+ ###
+ # @param format_field [String]
+ # @return [Class]
+ def self.[](format_field)
+ sanitized = (format_field || 'jp2').gsub(REGEX, '').downcase
+ MAPPING.fetch(sanitized)
end
end
end
diff --git a/lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb b/lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb
index 0999cf23..150120b8 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ def audio_id
document.fetch('kaltura_audio_ssi', false)
end
+ def entry_id
+ audio_id
+ end
+
def playlist_data
data = document.fetch('kaltura_audio_playlist_entry_data_ts', '[]')
JSON.parse(data)
diff --git a/lib/mdl/borealis_document.rb b/lib/mdl/borealis_document.rb
index 5bfb84a5..9a297571 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/borealis_document.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/borealis_document.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
require 'json'
+require_relative './borealis_asset_map'
###
# Wraps a Solr document hash. Accessing values of the document
@@ -7,15 +8,13 @@
module MDL
class BorealisDocument
attr_reader :document,
- :asset_map_klass,
:collection,
:id
# @param document [Hash] Solr document
- def initialize(document: {}, asset_map_klass: BorealisAssetMap)
+ def initialize(document: {})
@document = document
@collection, @id = document['id'].split(':')
- @asset_map_klass = asset_map_klass
end
def assets
@@ -104,7 +103,8 @@ def asset(asset_klass, id, transcript, title = false)
# field of a document. If an error occurs, it will generally be here.
# Format field data is hand entered and sometimes incorrectly so.
def asset_klass(format_field)
- asset_map_klass.new(format_field: format_field).map
+ # binding.pry
+ BorealisAssetMap[format_field]
end
def transcript(doc)
@@ -116,7 +116,14 @@ def compounds
end
def format_field
- document.fetch('format_tesi', 'jp2').gsub(/;/, '')
+ document.fetch('format_tesi') do
+ # if format_tesi is missing, attempt to map using other clues
+ case document['type_ssi']
+ when /sound recording/i then 'audio/mp3'
+ when /moving image/i then 'video/mp4'
+ else 'jp2'
+ end
+ end
end
def bad_compound?(compound)
diff --git a/lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb b/lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb
index 7762581b..3132b58e 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
module MDL
class BorealisVideo < BorealisAsset
def src(entry_id = nil)
- entry_id ||= (playlist_id || video_id)
+ entry_id ||= self.entry_id
"https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/#{entry_id.strip}/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4"
end
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ def type
(playlist_id) ? 'kaltura_video_playlist' : 'kaltura_video'
end
+ def entry_id
+ playlist_id || video_id
+ end
+
def video_id
document.fetch('kaltura_video_ssi', false)
end
diff --git a/lib/mdl/captions_formatter.rb b/lib/mdl/captions_formatter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f335335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mdl/captions_formatter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+module MDL
+ class CaptionsFormatter
+ AV_KEYS = %w(audio video audioa videoa).freeze
+ private_constant :AV_KEYS
+
+ class << self
+ def format(doc)
+ entry_ids = AV_KEYS
+ .filter_map { |k| doc[k].presence }
+ .flat_map { |e| e.split(';') }
+ return if entry_ids.empty?
+
+ caption_data = entry_ids.reduce({}) do |acc, entry_id|
+ id = entry_id.strip
+ vtt_data = ::FetchCaptionService.fetch(entry_id.strip)
+ # Correct invalid timestamp format on the VTT data
+ vtt_data&.gsub!(/(\d),(\d{3})/, '\1.\2')
+ # We sometimes hit encoding errors due to copy/paste, most likely
+ acc[id] = vtt_data&.encode(
+ 'UTF-8',
+ invalid: :replace,
+ undef: :replace,
+ replace: '?'
+ )
+ acc
+ end
+
+ JSON.generate(caption_data)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
diff --git a/lib/mdl/citation_config.rb b/lib/mdl/citation_config.rb
index a7cfdcc8..50303ea6 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/citation_config.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/citation_config.rb
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ def download_assets
manifest = if document.key?('iiif_manifest_ss')
JSON.parse(document['iiif_manifest_ss'])
else
- doc = BorealisDocument.new(document: document)
- IiifManifest.new(doc).as_json
+ doc = BorealisDocument.new(document:)
+ IiifManifest.new(doc, base_url:).as_json
end
CiteDownloadAssetsFromManifest.call(manifest)
end
diff --git a/lib/mdl/download_asset.rb b/lib/mdl/download_asset.rb
index ae053729..9daec1b0 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/download_asset.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/download_asset.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ def assets_from_manifest_v2(manifest)
# @param manifest [Hash] Parsed IIIF Manifest v3
# @return [Array]
def assets_from_manifest_v3(manifest)
- Array(manifest.dig('rendering')).map do |r|
+ Array(manifest.dig('rendering')).filter_map do |r|
+ next if r['format'] == 'text/vtt'
+
label = r.dig('label', 'en', 0)
thumbnail = r.dig('thumbnail', 0, 'id')
thumbnail ||= thumbnail = case r['type']
diff --git a/lib/mdl/transformer.rb b/lib/mdl/transformer.rb
index a8a4a76d..f41a3d45 100644
--- a/lib/mdl/transformer.rb
+++ b/lib/mdl/transformer.rb
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ def self.field_mappings
{dest_path: 'public_ssi', origin_path: 'public', formatters: ['CDMBL::StripFormatter']},
{dest_path: 'iiif_manifest_url_ssi', origin_path: '/', formatters: ['MDL::IiifManifestUrlFormatter']},
{dest_path: 'iiif_manifest_ss', origin_path: '/', formatters: ['MDL::IiifManifestFormatter']},
+ {dest_path: 'captions_ts', origin_path: '/', formatters: ['MDL::CaptionsFormatter']},
{dest_path: nil, origin_path: '/', formatters: ['MDL::QueueIiifSearchProcessing']}
]
end
diff --git a/local-dev-init.sh b/local-dev-init.sh
index 0b25504c..0de8771c 100755
--- a/local-dev-init.sh
+++ b/local-dev-init.sh
@@ -16,8 +16,4 @@ done
bundle exec rake db:migrate db:test:prepare db:seed
yarn install
-# Copy UV assets to their expected locations in public/
-echo "Preparing UniversalViewer assets..."
-./prep_uv.sh
-
echo "Finished ✅"
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index ca50cbe1..a13f3b4d 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
"sass-loader": "^6.0.6",
"script-loader": "^0.7.2",
"style-loader": "^0.19.0",
- "universalviewer": "3.1.4",
"webpack": "^4.46.0",
"webpack-cli": "4.10",
"webpack-manifest-plugin": "3.2.0",
diff --git a/prep_uv.sh b/prep_uv.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e3a45835..00000000
--- a/prep_uv.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-cp -R node_modules/universalviewer/dist public/uv
-rm public/uv/*.zip
diff --git a/spec/features/search_by_mdl_identifier_spec.rb b/spec/features/search_by_mdl_identifier_spec.rb
index cbe20fc2..fd9e09e7 100644
--- a/spec/features/search_by_mdl_identifier_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/search_by_mdl_identifier_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
click_on 'Search'
result_link = find_link('A Statewide Movement for the Collection and Preservation of Minnesota\'s War Records')
result_link.click
- expect(page).to have_selector('.searchResults', text: 'image 9 of 24')
+ page_input = page.find('.autocompleteText')
+ expect(page_input.value).to eq('9')
end
end
end
diff --git a/spec/fixtures/ingestion/sll:22548.yml b/spec/fixtures/ingestion/sll:22548.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..427116f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/fixtures/ingestion/sll:22548.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2633 @@
+---
+transcription_tesim:
+- |-
+ Interview with Alan Page
+ Minnesota Supreme Court
+ Oral History Project
+ February 19, 2019
+ This project was made possible by Legacy funding to the Minnesota Supreme Court Historical Society from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund established by the vote of Minnesotans on November 4, 2008, and administered by the Minnesota Historical Society.
+ © 2020 by the Minnesota State Law Library. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy and recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Minnesota State Law Library.
+ 2
+ Minnesota Supreme Court
+ Oral History Project
+ Interview with Alan Page
+ Associate Justice, Minnesota Supreme Court, 1993-2015
+ Jeff Holth, Interviewer
+ February 19, 2019
+ Name of interviewee: AP
+ Names of interviewer: JH
+ Recording 1
+ 00:00:00
+ JH: All right. It’s February 19, 2019, and I’m at the Continuing Legal Education Center [Minnesota CLE Conference Center, 600 Nicollet Mall #370, Minneapolis, MN] in
+ Minneapolis [Minneapolis, MN] to interview retired Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Alan Page [Alan Cedric Page (August 7, 1945-)] for the Minnesota Supreme Court Oral History Project. The project is sponsored by the Minnesota Supreme Court Historical Society and its Preservation Committee in cooperation with the Minnesota State Law Library [Minnesota State Law Library, 25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, St Paul, MN]. My name is Jeff Holth. I’m a practicing attorney here in Minnesota and I clerked for Justice Page from 2012 to 2013 and I’ll be conducting the interview today.
+ Thank you for coming today, Justice Page, and for agreeing to share your experiences and insights on your years on the court.
+ AP: Well, thank you for inviting me and hopefully we can have a fun conversation.
+ JH: Agreed. So let’s jump right in. I know you graduated from law school in around 1978 and served on the Supreme Court from ’93 [1993] to 2015, but I want to start by asking you about your earlier life before we talk about your years on the court.
+ AP: Sure.
+ JH: So I wonder if you could just start us off by talking a little bit about your family and where you grew up.
+ AP: I was born in Canton, Ohio. I was the fourth of four children. My mother was a—worked as an attendant in a country club and my father, various jobs from operating juke boxes to running a bar—that sort of thing. As I say, I was the fourth of four children, two sisters and a brother. My childhood was a pretty happy one, pretty uneventful, not much exciting to talk about. We weren’t the wealthiest of families, but we weren’t the poorest either.
+ 3
+ My parents, neither one had the opportunity to go to school beyond high school and they emphasized for me and my brother and my sisters, the importance of education and the importance of being good citizens. And in their own way, something that, I think, stuck with me, they talked about and emphasized the importance of seeking excellence. Now they didn’t say it that way, but I think that’s the bottom line of what they were talking about. They would always—and I can hear them now telling me, Whatever you do in life, do it as well as you can. You’re going to be a garbage collector, be the best garbage collector you can be. If you’re going to be a doctor, be the best doctor you can be. Not as good as the next doctor or garbage collector, but the best one you can be. And that’s something that they preached and, I think, has served me well over time.
+ JH: I think I recall you talking about, you know, at a pretty young age, having some experiences or influences that sort of made you think you might want to be a lawyer someday. Can you talk about that a little bit?
+ AP: I very early on, you know, when I was eight, nine, ten years old, people would ask me what I wanted to do when I grew up and I would say I wanted to be a lawyer. And, you know, what eight-year-old knows really what they want to do when they grow up? But, as I noted, I grew up in Canton, Ohio. It was a town built on heavy industry, primarily steel, and I had an uncle who spent forty years working in the steel mill. And I knew intuitively that that’s not something that I wanted to do. Nothing wrong with working in steel mills, but from my eight-
+ 00:05:00 year-old eyes, the work was dirty; it was hard; it was dangerous and repetitious. And
+ somehow I knew that that didn’t fit me.
+ I’d heard stories about lawyers, that, you know, from—not that I knew any lawyers, or had any lawyers in my family or my family really knew any lawyers, but the impression in the community I grew up was that lawyers didn’t work too hard; made lots of money; drove big, fancy cars; lived in big houses and went out and played golf every Wednesday afternoon. But for the eight-year-old mind balancing fancy cars and dangerous and dirty work—
+ JH: Which do I choose?
+ AP: Which do I choose? It becomes real simple. I also grew up watching Perry Mason [Perry Mason, CBS television from September 21, 1957, to May 22, 1966], and so I had a very rudimentary sense of what the law was about from that television show and finally, and something that influenced me greatly. You have to remember that I grew up—I was eight years old in 1954. At the time our country was grounded in state sponsored segregation and in 1954, the Supreme Court decided Brown versus the Board of Education[of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483] and I can remember reading newspaper stories about it; hearing people talk about it; and again, not that I understood it fully, but it gave me a sense of the power that the law has. That if the courts, through the law, could essentially sound the death knell for state sponsored segregation, it had the power to change how people treat one another. And that’s something that I grew up [with] and had an interest in.
+ As I got older, I was disabused of the idea that lawyers didn’t work hard (laughter) or that they necessarily made lots and lots of money, but I also developed the sense that the law was 4
+ about solving problems and helping people and that’s also something that resonated with me. And so that was sort of my dream for the future. And never lost it, never lost it. And, again, you know, 1954 there was Brown. Along the way there were—there was Little Rock [Little Rock, AR]; there was Birmingham [Birmingham, AL]; there were full blown civil rights movements, an effort to change or address issues of race in ways that hadn’t been successful in the past. And, I’m sure that all had some bearing on my sense of what the law was about and what could be done with the law.
+ JH: You know, thinking about Brown v. Board, specifically, do you, I mean, what was Canton like growing up sort of in terms of a racial makeup? Was it a pretty segregated, in fact, city?
+ AP: Absolutely. Absolutely. You knew where you belonged and didn’t belong and it’s interesting. I didn’t grow up in an area where the segregation was state sponsored, but in practical effect, it might as well have been.
+ 00:10:00 JH: So let’s talk briefly about Central Catholic High School, your high school experience
+ in Canton. Was it the plan for you to attend Central Catholic because your family did or was it football related, or what was the trajectory there?
+ AP: Well, our family moved from Canton out into the countryside with an East Canton, Ohio, address because my parents felt that the education available in the Canton city schools wasn’t what they wanted for us. And my two older sisters, interestingly, didn’t decide to go to school in East Canton. They, and along with my parents, concluded that Canton Central Catholic had the best possible education for our circumstances. And so they ended up going to Central Catholic. And then, my brother, who was ahead of me, he went and so, I was destined to follow.
+ And I—before I got to high school, I hadn’t really—I wasn’t much of an athlete as a kid; I wasn’t one of those kids that everybody sort of sought after to come and be on their team, but my brother went out for football and so when I got there, I went out and it, as it turns out, I evidently had some aptitude for it.
+ JH: I’ve heard you use that phrase, “Have some aptitude for it,” before, yeah. So what do you, in terms of high school, do you remember having an early interest in sort of the law and politics and those sort of things or were you still sort of navigating and not quite sure—?
+ AP: I think I was always interested in politics from very early on. But only in the sense of trying to figure out how it works to help people. I never had much interest in politics for politics’ sake. And so when I got to high school, I mean, I—the courses I loved were, you know, back then it was civics and government—those kind of classes.
+ JH: So was there a point—so you played football at Central Catholic and is there a point, even in high school, where you think that football could be used as a way to pursue an education or does that realization not happen until a little bit later or—?
+ 5
+ AP: You know, growing up in Canton, there was this conflict between athletics and academics. There was a very strong emphasis on athletics, particularly in the African-American community and so I’m growing up not much interested in football and seeing an inordinate number of young men who had—I guess what you would call stellar high school football careers—go off to college for two, three, four years, come back to Canton, ended up hanging out on the street corner, unemployed and unemployable. And, you know, that didn’t make sense to me. I couldn’t figure out—this was before I started playing football. Then I started playing, as I said, more by accident than by design and I loved playing but I was just playing football because I loved it and not for any other purpose.
+ 00:15:00 By the time I was a, you know, sophomore/junior, there was talk that I might be able to obtain
+ an athletic scholarship and so I suppose around that time I started thinking about [how] it could be used. One of the, in hindsight, one of the disappointments when I look back is that while I did okay as a student in high school; did okay as a student in elementary and junior high school; I did it the easy way. I didn’t, essentially I wasn’t there to learn how to learn. I was there to do the work and I could do the work without learning how to learn. I could, you know, answer the questions and work through the math problems and all of that but simply because you can do the work, doesn’t mean that you’re really learning a whole lot because, I think, the important part of what goes on in schools in the education process is learning how to learn and so I sort of missed that.
+ And so as, in high school, the work got more difficult, I still, you know, thrived to some degree, but had I learned how to learn early on, I think, I mean, I was focused on going to school beyond high school because that was the emphasis my parents placed, but if I had sort of made that connection to learning how to learn early on, I might have had a little more success academically and not, I don’t focus on that so much because, you know, I could have been—done better in school—but I would have been better prepared for the future.
+ As it turned out, I did okay, and ended up receiving a number of scholarship offers, athletic scholarship offers. I think had I had that—had I learned how to learn—there might have been some academic scholarships in that queue also, which gives you choices, right?
+ JH: Sure.
+ AP: But I had the opportunity to choose among some pretty good schools and ultimately selected the University of Notre Dame [University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN].
+ JH: That’s a good transition to Notre Dame and talk a little bit about your time in college. Why Notre Dame?
+ AP: Primarily because of its academic reputation and because of its reputation in terms of how it interacted with its alumni. They have an incredible, had then, and continue to have, an incredible alumni association which provides any number of benefits to people who graduate
+ 00:20:00 from there in terms of employment opportunities and other kinds of support. And, you know,
+ as I say, the schools that I was choosing from, they were all good schools. I mean, it was Purdue [Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN]; it was Michigan State 6
+ [Michigan State University, 220 Trowbridge Road, East Lansing, MI]; it was Michigan [University of Michigan, 500 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI]; Minnesota [University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN]; Ohio State [Ohio State University, Columbus, OH]. So it wasn’t like they didn’t have some of the things that Notre Dame had to offer. But it was sort of looking beyond the college years that was, I think, ultimately the deciding factor.
+ That, coupled with, I had no interest in going to Ohio State, who knows why? And Notre Dame also had this reputation, football wise, that, at least at the time, was about as good as it got, you know, to a black kid from Canton, Ohio, going to play in the house that Knute Rockne [Knute Kenneth Rockne (March 4, 1888–March 31, 1931)] built, that sort of put stars in your eyes for sure.
+ JH: So was that an exciting time I would suspect in a lot of ways? Was it a nerve wracking time transitioning from Canton and leaving home, or—?
+ AP: It was an exciting time; a very difficult time. I, you know, just going back to Central Catholic, I was one of two, I think, maybe three; maybe four; African-American kids in my graduating class. Going off to Notre Dame it was going to be, you know, there were a few more, but not many more so—and it was at a time that sort of our national economy was sort of in a downward spiral and Notre Dame is in South Bend, Indiana, and they were also a heavy industry town and one of the main employers there was Studebaker, the auto manufacturer, and they went out of business just about the time I got there. It was my first time away from home really. I’d not been a kid who’d gone off to camp and spent any time away from home so it was all new to me. And it was also, you know, the first time that I’d really been put in a position where I was responsible for myself as every kid who goes off to school is.
+ JH: Sure, that’s a big change.
+ AP: A huge change. And so it was difficult. And one of the things I didn’t realize was Notre Dame was not the most progressive place to go to school and so that was something that was a little different for me and having to adjust to that. There were some difficult transitions.
+ JH: Speaking to kind of the economy, in a downturn, thinking about that time, too, and in a lot of ways the civil rights movement is sort of at its apex and the Voting Rights Act and so was that a part of the campus conversation or do you recall anything about that?
+ 00:25:00 AP: Not much, a little bit, but not much. You know, and being on the football team there,
+ you really weren’t necessarily that much a part of the campus conversation, even though we were—we lived in the dorms with everybody else and went to meals with everybody else and went to classes with everybody else, your focal point was football and so you weren’t really much connected.
+ And it was really kind of an interesting time in that respect because, I mean, the civil rights movement was going through some challenging times. About the same time, the Vietnam War protests started and so it’s sort of like you’re in this bubble looking out on all of this and not 7
+ having a direct connection to it but having the opportunity to at least see it and think about it but not engage.
+ JH: Well, it’s interesting you mention that because yeah, in thinking about it, the focus on football and you’re a young kid still and transitioning so maybe not a lot of capacity for a lot of other stuff when that’s the focus in a lot of ways.
+ AP: Even if you had the instinct, they took up your time and your energy, both physical and emotional. And so it was, in that respect, I missed out on a lot but, you know, I can’t remember the precise timing, but my freshman year, the start of my freshman year, went to football training camp a couple of weeks before school started and I think we got there either just before or just after the March on Washington [The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963]. I think school had started by the time the bombing at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church [The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. September 15, 1963), Birmingham, AL] had occurred in Birmingham. And so you had all of these things going on. As I noted, you’re sort of watching from afar. And understanding that they affect you, but sort of not directly.
+ JH: Removed a little bit or, yeah. Well, the focus on football bore some fruit. National championship—was it your senior year?
+ AP: Yes. I should note, I think it was in the—I think it was still while I was there or he was planning to come, one of our speakers, one of the people who was coming to campus to speak was George Wallace [George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919–September 13, 1998)]. That got people engaged.
+ JH: That got some attention?
+ AP: That got some attention.
+ JH: Did he come? Do you remember?
+ AP: I’m pretty sure it was while I was still there. Needless to say, I didn’t attend.
+ JH: Yeah, probably not a regret.
+ AP: No.
+ JH: So, you’re drafted by the Vikings kind of at the close of your career at Notre Dame and kind of moving ahead a little bit, there’s obviously lots to talk about that we could talk
+ 00:30:00 about with respect to your professional career in the NFL and—
+ AP: It happened.
+ JH: It happened. It happened. You’ve talked about it a little bit, right? But I want to focus on just kind of one unique aspect that I was interested about was your participation in the NFL 8
+ Players Association. It’s something that I, you know, I’ve—I know you’ve talked about it before but we don’t hear that quite as often so I was just curious. You’re playing with the Vikings. How do you get involved in the Players Association and what’s sort of your role?
+ AP: Well, there had been—this is a long, complicated story, too long and too complicated for here.
+ JH: It’s a big question.
+ AP: There had been various efforts on the part of players to organize before 1968. Nineteen sixty the league is confronted with another football league, the American Football League. In 1966, those two leagues merge with the merger taking place in ’68 and in 1968, the players from both leagues come together and form the National Football League Players Association. That was my second year in the league and somehow I either volunteered or agreed to serve as player representative. So that’s how I got involved.
+ And, growing up in Canton, I was used to organized labor and had sort of a sense of what it was about and the other piece of it was that the reason players wanted to come together to form a union was because—well, there are a whole host of them, not the least of which is players essentially had no rights in terms of where they could play; very little ability to impact how much they were paid and then there were all these what I will call silly little rules that were imposed, I suppose, as a matter of control. That’s all I can think of. Things like you can’t have a beard or a mustache. I guess you could have a mustache but you couldn’t have a beard. Things like, you know, you have to be at every meal whether you want to eat or not. You have to—you can’t have a telephone in your room and this was before, you know, mobile phones, but you couldn’t have the telephone company put a phone in your room during training camp. I mean, those are just a couple that come to mind.
+ And so there were really lots of limitations on a player’s ability to be themselves and players wanted to change that and obviously, the ability to choose where you worked would have an
+ 00:35:00 impact on how much you were paid. And so, I think for me, at least in the beginning, it was
+ sort of all those little controls that just drove me crazy, that got me involved. And, you know, once you—you can’t get just a little bit wet once you’re into the pool you get all wet.
+ JH: Did you enjoy it?
+ AP: I loved it. It was frustrating at times but I think we laid the groundwork for the freedom that players have today. We laid the groundwork for players getting a fair share of the revenue. We laid the groundwork that allowed players to be treated like human beings as opposed to, in some sense, property. And along the way, I got to meet, know and work with a bunch of great lawyers. Leonard Lindquist [Leonard Lindquist (September 5, 1912-September 10, 2004)]; Gene Keating [Eugene Henry Keating (January 2, 1932-April 6, 2005)]; Ed Glennon [Edward M. Glennon (1924-April 24, 2009)]; Ed Garvey [Edward R. Garvey (April 18, 1940–February 22, 2017)]. I got to see from the inside what the law was all about and what good lawyering looks like.
+ 9
+ JH: So is it fair to say that that was an influence on the decision to pursue a career?
+ AP: That just confirmed—
+ JH: That it was something you wanted to do.
+ AP: That it was something I wanted to do. I enrolled at William Mitchell [now Mitchell Hamline School of Law, 875 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN] in the fall of 1968. I started my second year the league and it was not pretty.
+ JH: Why not?
+ AP: Well, you know, you get that assignment over the summer and there are like five hundred pages to read and you try to read it and none of it makes sense and you show up the first day and I don’t remember what the class was, but the professor could just as well be talking Greek as English. And, you think, I don’t understand what’s happening here because it’s a different process; at least it was a different process from what my undergraduate degree was like. And I was not ready for it.
+ JH: Was it—well, you said you were second year in the league, playing and so was it—I mean, I’d suspect that obviously that has—playing is a lot of—the time commitment in and of itself so was it that you weren’t quite ready? Not enough time? Or did it—?
+ AP: It wasn’t that. It was being confronted with being in this class and listening to these lectures that had no context.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: And therefore made no sense. And, you know, it’s early on in the process so you don’t know how it all fits together.
+ JH: New language.
+ AP: New language, all of it. And I just—it was not pretty. (laughter)
+ JH: Well, but it must not have—but it didn’t dissuade you, obviously, completely.
+ AP: I say only half in jest, I knew after three days that I wasn’t going to survive, but I was in so far over my head that it took me another three and a half, three weeks to figure out how to drop out, to get out. And I—what I came to understand was, first of all, that I wasn’t alone.
+ 00:40:00 I mean, I’m sitting there thinking, I’m the only one that doesn’t get this. I’m the only one that
+ doesn’t understand this. But, you know, everybody in the room was in the same boat that I was. Had I—maybe had I not been playing football at the time, I’d have sort of stuck it out, but I mean, I was so far in over my head, I mean, I just couldn’t see—
+ 10
+ JH: The path.
+ AP: The path.
+ JH: Yep, overwhelming.
+ AP: And so, I bailed. But didn’t necessarily give up the hope or the idea. Over the years I tried one or two other career options. I was a used car salesman or actually a new/used car salesman. I sold one car during my auto sales experience.
+ JH: I did not know that, that you tried that.
+ AP: And the one car I sold to myself. (laughter) So I figured there was no career in that. I had a vending machine company for about a year and half. It took me—I invested about forty thousand dollars into it and it took me about a year and a half to go through that, although that was one of the—actually not one of—the best investment I ever made and we’ll get to that later, but one of the things I was learning was business, being in business, was not something that fit me; not something that interested me; not something that I wanted to put the time and energy and effort into becoming good at, which was a good lesson to learn. And ultimately, after my eighth year with the Vikings, I decided to go back to law school; this time having a better understanding, having been involved in, as a players’ rep, and then ultimately on the executive committee of the Players Association; been involved in a number of lawsuits involving the Players Association and the National Football League.
+ Still, having the opportunity to see even more deeply how lawyers work, the way they thought, developing a sense for that and having the opportunity to talk with them and sort of learn that law school is just like that and that the secret to it is to endure. And at some point it starts to make sense. So after my eighth year I decided to go back. This time enrolled at the University of Minnesota and actually started the summer of 1975 at the University of Texas in Austin [Austin, TX]. I took contracts and procedures, thirteen weeks start to finish.
+ JH: Wow!
+ AP: And survived it.
+ JH: There you go.
+ AP: Not only survived it; loved every minute of it.
+ JH: Confidence booster?
+ AP: Big confidence booster.
+ JH: Absolutely.
+ 11
+ AP: Big confidence booster. Learned, you know, a little bit of the process of, remember how I talked about having failed to learn how to learn?
+ JH: Exactly.
+ AP: Took me to law school to get it.
+ JH: Sometimes I wonder if it takes a lot of people up until that point. In some ways, I sort
+ 00:45:00 of felt the same way.
+ AP: Well, but once I got it—
+ JH: Yeah.
+ AP: there’s nothing else like it.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: And so I loved the law school experience. People, you know, are always talking about, Well, you went to law school and played professional football—how hard that must have been. Yeah, things are hard but when you’re having fun, there’s nothing better. I mean, I loved my law school experience at the university.
+ And I had another one of those defining moments and I think it was towards the end of my first year. We had a paper to write and I decided I was going to, you know, take the easy road, something you know about, labor, labor law. And actually I think I wrote something on labor relations in the NFL. But I, you know, I spent all this time doing the research and preparing and I just—nothing happened. And I can remember going in to see one of the associate or assistant deans and saying, I don’t know that I can do this. And he said, Well, you can do it. All you have to do is apply yourself. And I think, What have I been doing?
+ JH: Well, that clears it up, right?
+ AP: Right. And he said, No, you apply the seat of your pants to the chair until you get it, until it starts coming and, you know, it’s weird but, you know, I sat down, got my books and my pens and my papers and sat there and eventually started writing and got it done. And that was an important lesson—that sometimes even when you know what you want to do, but it’s not coming together, you have to just keep working at it until it happens.
+ JH: This is jumping ahead a little bit so we’ll have to swing back but that makes me think about the process of sitting down and writing an opinion a little bit, too. Is there a similarity there, too? The process of just needing to sit down and sort of delve in to get it started and once it’s started, flows a little bit?
+ AP: It flows. Absolutely.
+ 12
+ JH: Interesting. So law school at U of M. I was going to ask you and I think you really answered it was, you know, by the time you do go to the U of M, you’re still playing; raising a family; not like there aren’t any other things going on. You’re busy but you manage it by—
+ AP: But then it’s just a matter of time management.
+ JH: Sure.
+ AP: And figuring out how to, you know, make it all work, putting all the pieces together. And I mean, I did have some incentive. I mean, by then I was twelve years into my professional career. You don’t play forever and quite frankly, I didn’t want to necessarily play forever. As I’ve said often, by the time I started law school, I’d been playing for—I was into my ninth year and I hadn’t done everything you could do on a football field but I’d done most of them and I noted earlier, repetition wasn’t one of my strong suits. It was time to prepare to do something different so that I could move on. As I’ve often said, you know, the skills of a defensive tackle don’t transfer to much of anything else out in the real world and so preparing
+ 00:50:00 to do something beyond football was really important. And law school was that preparation.
+ JH: Right. So you graduate from law school and you graduate and —you graduate and—what’s the timing there? You still play for a little bit after you graduate?
+ AP: I played three and a half more years.
+ JH: Three and a half more years and so you’re—
+ AP: Seventy-eight; seventy-nine [1979]. Four more years.
+ JH: Okay. During that time, then, you graduate, you’re playing, but then you start at Lindquist and Vennum [Lindquist & Vennum, offices in Minnesota, Colorado, and South Dakota; formed in 1968 when Lindquist, Magnuson & Glennon combined with Vennum, Newhall, Ackman & Goetz. As of January 1, 2018, the firm merged with and took the name of Ballard Spahr]. So what’s the practice there like? Tell me about that a little bit.
+ AP: It’s trying to figure out who you are as a lawyer. And it’s, you know, getting assignments and, you know, Here’s the file. Go do this. And it’s like, How do you go do this? (laughter)
+ JH: A little more explanation.
+ AP: Would be helpful. It wasn’t always forthcoming. Sort of get thrown into the thick of things and there were some horrible, awful, very bad moments where I had no idea what I was doing but had to try to figure it out while I was doing it.
+ JH: Enjoyable though?
+ AP: Not especially. 13
+ JH: No?
+ AP: One of the things I figured out early on about the private practice of law, it’s about business; it’s about billing hours and that just—it never—that is not me. My interest in the law was the law and trying to sort of work through it, sort it out and figure it out and come to the best conclusions that you can. And when you’ve got this little thing sitting on your shoulder talking about billable hours, first of all, you’re distracted by that because you’re thinking, Hey, am I billing enough hours and how do I justify these hours? And so from that standpoint, it was not necessarily pleasant.
+ That said, I got to work with some really good lawyers and like every other new lawyer, Can you do a memo for me on this? And you give them the memo and it comes back and it’s like, I didn’t know there was that much red ink in the world. (laughter)
+ JH: But lessons, then, as well, I suppose, too, right, so you’re—
+ AP: Absolutely.
+ JH: it’s a big learning curve but you’re learning a lot.
+ AP: But you’re learning a lot. That’s where I got grounded and so from that standpoint, it was a very valuable experience but just not my idea of a good time. And I was fortunate enough to make my way to the attorney general’s office and I loved it there because Skip Humphrey [Hubert Horatio "Skip" Humphrey III (June 26, 1942-)] was the attorney general and he let the lawyers who were there to do the work, do the work. And let me learn to give my best legal advice to my clients. Didn’t have to worry about billing hours; didn’t have to worry about clients walking away. I could do the best that I could to figure out what is the best—what is the law and what is the best advice I can give this client? And I could do that and there’s a lot of freedom in that and I absolutely loved it.
+ 00:55:00 JH: Did you have a particular focus in the attorney general’s office?
+ AP: Labor and employment.
+ JH: You were? Okay.
+ AP: Labor and employment.
+ JH: And you enjoyed that?
+ AP: And that’s what I did at Lindquist also on the employee side and just flipped to the employer side.
+ JH: So you’re working at the Minnesota Attorney General’s office four years, five years-ish, something like that? 14
+ AP: Started in ’85, the first week of January, 1985, and left the last week of December in 1992.
+ JH: Okay, so, yeah. So when do you start thinking about—maybe not even necessarily the Minnesota Supreme Court but the idea of doing something different and maybe that being judging?
+ AP: You know, I had this weird experience. In 1982, I’m at Lindquist and Vennum and—’82 or ’83—and I wake up one morning and the newspaper has an article about Governor Perpich [Rudolph George Perpich Sr. (June 27, 1928–September 21, 1995)] is going to appoint some new judges and he’s got my name on the list. Nobody had asked.
+ JH: Interesting.
+ AP: It was very strange but up until that point it hadn’t really occurred to me a) that I would have the interest in being a judge or that I could be, or that I had the skills or temperament. Long story short, made me think about it. And, you know, through that time, I’m learning who I am as a lawyer; what my skills are; what my interests are; and what my strengths and weaknesses are. And over time, I sort of start thinking, Maybe there is something in the judiciary that would fit me, but I can’t see myself necessarily as a trial court judge. And, you know, as lawyers we spend a lot of time reading opinions and struggling to figure out what they mean. And thinking, Well, if they meant this, why didn’t they just say it? Why is it so hard to say in plain clear language what you mean?
+ And of course, my ego says to myself, Self, you could do that. You could write clearly. You could write concisely and so over time I start to think my skills and my interests, my abilities, my strengths lend themselves to what appellate court judges do. And from there, well, how does one become an appellate court judge? Well, as you know in Minnesota, it’s either by appointment or by election. And the Minnesota Court of Appeals is new, relatively new, and most of the judges there or many of the judges there had been trial court judges, so that seems like a natural step even though the trial court isn’t necessarily what fits me. And so I started applying for trial court judge positions and had absolutely no success.
+ 01:00:00 Eventually I came to the conclusion that I wasn’t going to have any success and that, if I
+ wanted the opportunity to serve, it was probably going to be through election, which narrows things down to the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: And my thought process was, Well, if you’re going to seek election, you might as well seek election to the Minnesota Supreme Court. I think I have something to contribute. I think, both from a legal background, but also from just a different perspective, and so, 1990, I decided to seek election. And when the filing period opened, I was down there first morning, first hour, filed for election and the justice who I was going to challenge; thought I was going to challenge, resigned before I got out of the secretary of state’s office. 15
+ JH: Oh wow.
+ AP: Which created a vacancy. Vacancies are filled by appointment. The governor immediately appointed someone to fill the vacancy and the election for that seat no longer existed. And I, in seeking election, it wasn’t about the individual justice who I was going to challenge; it wasn’t about their opinions or their philosophy or their anything else; it was simply—it seemed to me to be a fair question given that the justice was going to reach mandatory retirement within something less than six months of re-election and it was a fair question, at least I thought, to have the people of Minnesota decide who they would want to serve the term.
+ Me, a known quantity, a known person, or some unknown, ultimately some unknown person. The election was taken off the ballot and, you know, it wasn’t clear to me why, you know. Being a person of color, one of the things that comes to mind is, Is it because I’m a person of color? Is it politics? Is it—I don’t know—let that go; continued working at the attorney general’s office and decided to try again in 1992.
+ This time, the justice I sought to challenge, was going to reach mandatory retirement within about eighteen months of the full six-year term and I thought again it was fair question to have the people of Minnesota decide who the justice should be who serves in that seat. Before I could get to the—before the filings opened, we had this provision in our constitution which provides for the retirement of the judges and there is a statute which provided, also provides to carry out that constitutional provision, which provided that the governor could extend
+ 01:05:00 the term of a justice who hadn’t reached full retirement at the time they were up for re-
+ election and with mandatory retirement approaching. And so Justice Yetka [Lawrence R. Yetka (October 1, 1924–November 12, 2017)] who was the justice who I was going to challenge, sought a term extension; the governor granted it and I was, to say the least, more than a little frustrated.
+ And so, long story short, I commenced a lawsuit against the governor and the secretary of state, a lawsuit that had its original jurisdiction in the Supreme Court and a number of people told me I was crazy, that you’re wrong on the law; you’re wrong on the politics and you’re never, you know, when you lose this lawsuit, you’re never, ever going to have the opportunity to serve.
+ I felt strongly about one, that the, as applied, the term extension violated the constitution. I wasn’t much concerned about the politics because I’d been—sort of along the way I’d figured out you have to do what you think is right, not what is expedient, and turns out I was right on the law; we were right on the law. And I was given the opportunity, along with anybody else who wanted to file for election for the seat. I filed; Justice Yetka did not and two other people did and almost immediately, not almost immediately, immediately, my opponents started down the road of, He's just a football player. And initially, implicit, but unstated, he’s just a dumb football player. Also initially, but not necessarily subsequently, but initially, he’s just a dumb, black football player. I mean, that was the tenor of what was being said. He’s not qualified. 16
+ I spent the next three months, three and a half months, whatever it is, campaigning around the state to talk about why I wanted to be a Supreme Court justice. What I could bring what I had to offer about my experience and my background and my qualifications. And at every turn, I got the accusatory question, What are your qualifications? And nobody else was being asked that. And so that was difficult. That said, it was also satisfying to be able to talk to people about who I am and what I thought I had to offer and in the end, the people of this state gave
+ 01:10:00 me the opportunity to serve. They elected me. I am humbled, honored. I have a hard time
+ articulating how meaningful it is to me that they saw through the effort to stereotype me; that they saw in me somebody who hopefully, had something to contribute and they gave me the opportunity to do it.
+ JH: Was—so, you know, you mentioned that, in terms of the campaign, questions about qualification, but implicit questions about—
+ AP: Race.
+ JH: what it means to be an athlete—race. Was diversity, and the fact that, if elected, you’d be the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice: Was that a part of that conversation explicitly or was that not really a part of that discussion?
+ AP: That wasn’t a part of the discussion.
+ JH: So you’re elected.
+ AP: And I show up the first day.
+ JH: What’s the first day like?
+ AP: Well, I had a month before, I’d been given briefs for the—
+ JH: Get to work.
+ AP: Yes, for the argument calendar in January of ’93, and initially I had been assigned a case that was being heard that first day.
+ JH: Okay.
+ AP: Mind you, I had—I didn’t know how the system worked, right?
+ JH: Right. The norms, the processes—
+ AP: The norms, the processes, any of it. And so I’m fast tracking, trying to figure all this out and it turns out the case that they gave me, I had a conflict. Phew! So they switched cases and gave me one for the second day. I was getting my baptism by fire. I, you know, read the briefs, prepared—didn’t know what—and for my case the second day, as you know, we do a 17
+ report to the court, I’d never done a report to the court because I hadn’t been on the court. But I had to sort of figure that out but I had no sort of context for doing that. And the—I was sworn in before the first argument the first day and we were having a public ceremony after it.
+ JH: That very first day.
+ AP: That very first day, public swearing in.
+ JH: There were some distractions beyond the work of the court.
+ AP: One or two. And sat through the one argument because I was recused on the other but sat through my first case conference and learned what a report was like. Do the public swearing in ceremony; celebrate with family, and at the end of the day, get that report written.
+ JH: And that report on your mind kind of throughout the day a little bit?
+ AP: Oh, absolutely.
+ JH: Yeah, I got to get that report; I’ve got some work to do.
+ AP: I’ve got some work to do. At least now I know what it is. And the second day I had
+ 01:15:00 my—we had the two cases I sat through, gave my report and that’s the way it begins. We
+ don’t do that anymore. At least when I left the court, new justices had some time to learn the system.
+ JH: So was that a, I mean, do you think back on the first—beyond the first day or two, the first week; the first month, as I said, because it was trial by fire a little bit right away that it was an easy transition? I mean, hard by the way, but a quick one or—?
+ AP: Invigorating, and a very quick transition. You know, as with anything new, particularly in the world of work, you don’t know the rules and the norms until you violate them and so you’re trying to figure it all out and, you know, you have your missteps along the way but you figure it out and, as with many things, the question isn’t whether you made the mistake, but what did you learn from it. In this particular instance, I had to be a quick learner and I was.
+ JH: Absolutely.
+ AP: And then, you know, you get that first case behind you, the argument and the report, and then you’ve got to write—
+ JH: You’ve got some more work to do. It’s not over.
+ AP: And having never written an opinion before, you have to learn how to do that.
+ JH: Which is a whole other beast in and of itself. 18
+ AP: Absolutely, but I had a good law clerk, Ian Nemiroff, who helped me a lot. He helped me a lot. And as over the years, I had a bunch of great clerks who made me look good time and time again.
+ JH: I wanted to ask about clerks, not in a selfish way, but it’s definitely a part of your work on the court, daily work on the court. What did you look for in a clerk?
+ AP: I looked for people who were curious; people who had something in their background that was out of the norm. Justice Gardebring [Sandra Gardebring Ogren (June 14, 1947–July 20, 2010)] used to refer to what she called Standard Issue Law Students, SILS (laughter). I didn’t want Standard Issue Law clerks. I wanted people who—obviously you want somebody that can write; you want somebody that’s going to work hard. But you want somebody who’s going to have good judgment and a sense of curiosity to sort of look under the rocks that need to be looked under and not under the ones that don’t and who can figure that out pretty quickly. And who are willing to or who were willing to tell me when I was wrong. I didn’t need a law clerk or law clerks who would tell me what I want to hear. I don’t like surprises and so, when I’m working with a clerk, I want the clerk to make sure there are no surprises.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: And I was pretty lucky along the way—a bunch of great writers, yourself included; hard workers; curiosity—you fit the bill nicely.
+ JH: Well, it’s—I always talk about, too. It’s one of those incredible experiences where you get out of law school and then the work, in many ways, it feels like some of the most
+ 01:20:00 important work that you’ll do as an attorney, working on the court so pretty incredible
+ experience.
+ So talk about—I recall in the year in your office—
+ AP: I should also note, I wanted diversity in my clerks. I wanted women; I wanted clerks who were people of color; I wanted diversity in their, you know, where they came from; what their experiences were—because all of that makes; all of that enriches the process and makes what I do as a judge better having different views, different ways of looking at things and I mean, I think that’s vital.
+ JH: Your approach to tackling an opinion. I remember you taking, I think, a lot of joy in peeling apart the layers, finding the resolution, and obviously, as you’ve said many times before, none of the cases that come before the Minnesota Supreme Court are simple. They’re there because they’re complex. Talk about that a little bit.
+ AP: They’re there because they’re complex; they’re there because they’re important to the people involved in them, no matter who they are, whether it’s a—the fifth petition for review from a post-conviction inmate, or, you know, some large corporation, it’s important to the people that we serve. It’s important to the people of the state that we do it well and that we do 19
+ it as right as we can. And I—opinion writing is—on any given day I will tell you it’s more art than science or that it’s more science than art.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: It’s really a combination of both and for me, it was very important to work with the word so that what the opinion said was clear, easily understood, easily read and helpful. And to do that for me, it was about making sure that there were no unintended words, much less unintended ideas but no unintended words that—every word was thought about; that every word was where it was in the sentence because that’s the best use of the word in communicating the idea that you’re trying to communicate. That every sentence in the paragraph was where it was because that was the best way to communicate what you were trying to communicate in the paragraph. That every paragraph in the opinion was where it was because that’s where it was most helpful.
+ 01:25:00 I suspect that you clerks probably thought I was a little obsessive and maybe even a little
+ compulsive but certainly obsessive about words, how we used the language, but that was important to me; that was very important to me.
+ JH: I remember you talked right away about the purpose of every word. If it doesn’t have a role; if it’s not there for a reason,
+ AP: Gone.
+ JH: Get it out.
+ AP: If it doesn’t have a reason, it’s not helping anybody. All it does is add length and the potential for confusion.
+ JH: And the potential for interpretation differently than the intent was.
+ AP: Different than what you intended.
+ JH: Right, I remember that lesson. It sticks with me for sure. I was always struck with the collegiality and rapport on the court. You know, it was a serious place; a lot of important work, but I also remember, at least feeling like, the justices had a lot of respect for one another and were good friends as well. Can you speak to that a little bit?
+ AP: Well, you know, it’s interesting. You have seven people, and changing all the time, who have big brains; who would like to think they’re the smartest one in the room; who have views that conflict and who feel strongly about their opinions. But we’ve been lucky here in Minnesota to have people understand that the institution is more important than any one of us and institutionally, it is important to maintain that collegiality, even when your colleagues, in your view, are so far wrong that you can’t understand how they could possibly be there. And sometimes the tension is pretty high but in the end you have to understand that a.) it’s about the institution and the work; it’s not about me. And also, you have to understand that, you 20
+ know, some day you may need that colleague to get where you want to go in a particular case or where you think a case should go.
+ When I first got on the court I would hear these stories about what was going on in other states with their Supreme Courts. Justices inviting one another out into the corridor to have a fight; justices showing up at conference and placing a handgun on the conference table. How does that work? How can you have a justice system that—or that the members of which of
+ 01:30:00 their courts are so antagonistic with one another that they can’t be civil even, you know, under
+ pressure? How do you reach good decisions doing that? I don’t think you can. One of the things that was also, I think, important for our court during my time there, to ensure the understanding that collegiality was important and that it’s the institution, it’s not us, was that we, in our conference, you know, there are seven of us. We know each other by first name. We refer to each other as Justice So and So, just to make it clear in our own minds and everybody else in the room, that this is an institutional decision we’re making. This is the institution that is acting; it’s not me, Alan Page, making a decision. I’m making it on behalf of this institution. And it’s a way to sort of force you to treat people with respect and I think it served us well.
+ JH: Those small things are not small things.
+ AP: Not small at all.
+ JH: Right.
+ AP: Not small at all.
+ JH: Right. Can you talk a little bit about, you know, the first—the critical first of being the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice? Sort of looking back and thinking about the role of that first in your work on the court?
+ AP: I have a hard time doing that because that wasn’t what it was about. Institutionally, I think it’s important that there had to be a first. Institutionally, it would have been better had it been somebody long before me. The fact that it finally happened—that we finally opened the door if you will for people of color, I think it was very significant. I think equally significant was the fact that when I joined the court, the court was a majority of women.
+ JH: That’s right.
+ AP: People would ask me, What’s it like serving on the court with a majority of women, right? And, of course, having not served on a court that wasn’t a majority of women, I thought, Well, that’s the natural order of things. But those things are important—that our judicial—that people who serve in our judicial system reflect the people of this state. I’ve said many times that the only power that courts have is founded in the trust and confidence of the people we serve and the less the members of the judiciary look like the people they serve, the less trust and confidence our judiciary will have. And so I think finally breaking that barrier was critically important. 21
+ 01:35:00 JH: Right. On that note, I mean, early on in your tenure as a justice—and I want to get this
+ right—your service on the Minnesota Supreme Court Task Force on Racial Bias in the Judicial System. Report’s issued in 1993.
+ AP: Six months after I joined the court.
+ JH: Right. And you were involved.
+ AP: Well, I—
+ JH: Can you just describe that a little bit or what was your participation; what was your experience?
+ AP: I became the chair of the committee that was going to implement the task force report. That was challenging for me. Remember my interest in the law was the law and not in being an administrator? And so from that standpoint, a lot of the things that, not only that committee, but we all—we had various committee assignments. I have to say those committee assignments were not my favorite part of being on the court.
+ But this was an important one and, you know, we ended up working through the—depending on how you count them—the one hundred plus recommendations, pretty much most of them being implemented. But—and the implementation made things better but it didn’t solve the problem. It was a little—I think we made very incremental progress. But the disparities that came out of the report, particularly in the criminal justice area, where African-Americans, people of color are arrested more often; stopped more often; charged more often; given higher bail; less fair trials; higher conviction rates; longer sentences; all things being equal, that hasn’t ended and that’s just on the criminal justice side. There’s the juvenile justice and all the other aspects of the report.
+ I’ve more or less come to the conclusion that before real change is going to happen, we have to take a more fundamental look at what our law is grounded in, which is to say, it’s grounded in a constitution that counted those imported as slaves as three-fifths of a person. And while we’ve had the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments ending slavery, ensuring due process and guaranteeing the right to vote, the law itself, the foundation, is still on cases that arose out of slavery and we’ve got to figure out how to tease that out of it before we have fundamental change.
+ JH: Structural fundamental change, right?
+ 01:40:00 AP: It’s a structural, systemic problem.
+ JH: What about, Justice Page, any notable opinions; dissents; anything come to mind? You wrote a lot so it’s a big body of work but—?
+ 22
+ AP: I have never, in my own head, quantified or qualified whether it was a dissent or an opinion in terms of its importance. It seems to me that once you do that; once you decide that this one is more important than that one, you start doing both of them a disservice. And so I just took each one as they came and tried to put the same energy and effort into trying to get it right. And again, as I say, whether it was that fifth post-conviction petition, or, you know, some mega million dollar corporate issue, the people who come before us deserve to have our fullest attention and so I just don’t qualify them, quantify them in that way.
+ JH: Don’t think of it as that, right? So, during your tenure on the court, one thing I wanted to ask you about, too, is just sort of the interplay, if you think of there being one at all, between your continued community engagement and still working on the court. You know, we would—I think back a lot on going and reading with you and other staff in the court, reading to elementary school kids on Wednesdays or whatever day it was. That community engagement and, you know, did that play a role in your work in your works as a justice? Did you see it sort of separately or was it related and did it inform your work?
+ AP: Oh, I think everything we do -- our lives inform our work. I don’t know that I, you know, my reading with kids or my involvement to the extent that I had it, which was quite limited at the Page Education Foundation, influenced my work directly but it’s a part of who I am and being engaged in the community around us at some level helps us understand those people we are a part of but also who we represent. And I think it would be a mistake to be isolated and not a part of the world around us to the extent, obviously, to the extent possible, to the extent that it doesn’t create conflicts.
+ JH: You’ve had some time now after retiring, I suppose to think back. Any, I guess maybe the question is, in thinking about it and this kind of gets to some final reflections about your time on the court, it’s a big question, but what is it—personally and professionally—can you put into words what the service meant to you?
+ AP: Well, for me, it was the most, in terms of my professional life, the most fulfilling thing I’ve ever done. The challenges of working with seven other people. I mean, I looked forward to every day when I was on the court, particularly to those days where we would hear argument and have conferences because every conference you got stretched in ways that you would never get stretched and I loved that. Trying to understand what your colleagues are saying and thinking; trying to understand what you were thinking in the context of what they are saying and thinking and trying to understand what you were thinking.
+ JH: Work through thought processes, right.
+ AP: And working through all that doesn’t get any better.
+ JH: Sometimes arriving at unexpected places, too?
+ AP: Oh, all the time, all the time. Arriving at unexpected places; arriving at places that, on a personal level, you wouldn’t want to arrive at. You—if I could decide this on my own, this is not what I would do, but not my choice, you know. One of the—a little bit disconcerting 23
+ things about our society—is I don’t think people understand how important it is for judges to be impartial and to exercise their judgment and not impose their will. And just the challenge of doing that all the time and trying to get that right, it’s all very much fun; very invigorating; very satisfying. And, hopefully, in the end, I did it as well as I could do it. I leave that up to others to decide but that was certainly my goal and I enjoyed every minute of it along the way.
+ JH: What about the future of the court? You’re not on it, obviously, anymore, but thinking about challenges, hopes; any thoughts come to mind about the future?
+ AP: My hope would be that they continue to be independent; that they continue to act impartially and understand that it is about the exercise of judgment and if the court’s members can do that it’ll have a bright future. And there’s something about, at least from my experience on the court looking back and looking forward, I think there’s a pretty good chance that things will continue in that regard as they have.
+ The court’s leadership understands. I had the good fortune to serve with, let me think—I knew the number exactly at one time. Let’s see—one, two three—I can’t remember the exact number—six or seven or eight—
+ 01:50:00 JH: Chief justices?
+ AP: chief justices and each one of them got it. They were all different but each one of them understood how important it is for our court to maintain its independence and its impartiality and to make decisions based on the law and the facts and their best judgment and not on the way the wind is blowing today. We’ve been lucky to have really good people, both at the chief justice, as chief justices, and as associate justices and I, to be included in that group is pretty special.
+ JH: You know, I want to definitely, before we close out, give you an opportunity to speak to your late wife Diane’s [Diane Sims Page (1944-September 30, 2018)], role in your career.
+ AP: Well, I mentioned earlier about that forty thousand dollars I lost on the vending machines?
+ JH: Yeah, that’s right.
+ AP: The company that owned the vending machines was a subsidiary of General Mills.
+ JH: I know where this is going now.
+ AP: And, long story short, I was in the lobby at General Mills one day, having left the meeting and left my car keys and everything else in the meeting and I’m sitting, waiting for somebody to bring them back to me and Diane walks into a meeting that she was going to there. I got introduced to her and it was the best thing that ever happened to me. Absolutely the best thing that ever happened to me. She is the love of my life; she kept me grounded at the same time lifting me up. She had this magic ability to lift people up, no matter who they 24
+ were; no matter what the circumstances were. She had incredible insight into people and she is in large measure the key to much of the success that I’ve had. She was there every step of the way, allowing me, encouraging me, supporting me. And, as I say, I couldn’t have been luckier to have met her, fallen in love with her and spent the years that we had together. And she was one of those people who—I have ideas. She was a doer.
+ JH: Executor.
+ AP: Absolutely, and it wasn’t, you know, When are you going to get this done? It’s, Why wasn’t this done yesterday? Well, because we just found out that we had to do it today. She was in a sense, driven and driven to do good; driven to make this world a better place, that’s for sure. And I got lucky.
+ 01:55:00 JH: Well, you have retired from the court but you’re busy.
+ AP: I am busy.
+ JH: And so I’ve got to ask, what’s next? What’s next for Justice Page?
+ AP: Well, there’s still plenty of work to do with the Page Education Foundation and beyond that, I’m trying to figure out what I’m going to do when I grow up. I haven’t sorted that out yet but I spend a lot of time in schools and classrooms still, talking to young children. As you know, I’ve had the good fortune to be able to write three children’s books with my youngest daughter and we’ve got to get on to book four.
+ JH: I was going to ask; that was my next question.
+ AP: We’ve got to get on to book four.
+ JH: More work to be done.
+ AP: More work to be done.
+ JH: And Justice Page Middle School? I mean, it seems you spend time—I see pictures and things and you’re really engaged with the school.
+ AP: I am engaged with the school. The school is magic. You know, sixth, seventh, eighth graders—they energize me still. They keep me going. And I also have four grandchildren that do the same thing.
+ JH: Being a grandfather, a job in and of itself.
+ AP: Yes.
+ JH: Well, I think that’s a good place to close. Unless you have any other thoughts. We’ve had a good conversation so thanks for sharing your insights today. And thank you, I think in 25
+ thinking about this conversation through the arc from beginning to end and the focus on the Minnesota Supreme Court, I want to and then I thank and we all want to thank you for your service on the Supreme Court, too.
+ AP: Well, thank you for that, but I can’t articulate how much I loved serving on the court and being able to serve the people of this state. I can’t articulate how honored I am that the people of this state gave me the opportunity to do it and I don’t know—well, let me just back up. You know, one of the humbling things about serving is you’re there; you’re working on cases and you’re looking at cases from 1860, trying to figure out what the law is today because it’s grounded in something that took place back then. The idea that cases that I worked on when I was on the court will be used one hundred fifty, two hundred years from now, that the law will be grounded in something that I was a part of during my tenure, it’s almost overwhelming.
+ JH: It’s an awesome thought.
+ AP: I just hope that I didn’t goof it up so that hopefully what I did; what we did when I was on the court will make their jobs easier.
+ JH: Sure. A good note to end on.
+ AP: Thank you.
+ JH: Thank you, appreciate it. It was good to talk to you Justice Page.
+ AP: Good to see you, Jeff.
+ End of Recording
+ 02:00:18
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+ State Law Library in St. Paul, Minnesota, collects state and federal legal materials,
+ and is the oldest continuing library in Minnesota. The Library and the Territory
+ of Minnesota were created by the same act of Congress on March 3, 1849. Documents
+ included in the State Law Library contributions to Minnesota Reflections are the
+ handwritten first Rules of Court for Minnesota, the Republican and Democratic versions
+ of the Minnesota Constitutional debates and other early Minnesota legal materials.
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+collection_name_ssi: Minnesota State Law Library
+collection_description_tesi: The Minnesota State
+ Law Library in St. Paul, Minnesota, collects state and federal legal materials,
+ and is the oldest continuing library in Minnesota. The Library and the Territory
+ of Minnesota were created by the same act of Congress on March 3, 1849. Documents
+ included in the State Law Library contributions to Minnesota Reflections are the
+ handwritten first Rules of Court for Minnesota, the Republican and Democratic versions
+ of the Minnesota Constitutional debates and other early Minnesota legal materials.
+title_tesi: Interview with Alan Page, Minnesota Supreme Court Historical Society Oral
+ History Project, St. Paul, Minnesota
+title_ssi: Interview with Alan Page, Minnesota Supreme Court Historical Society Oral
+ History Project, St. Paul, Minnesota
+contributor_ssim:
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+creator_tesi: Page, Alan Cedric, 1945-
+creator_ssim:
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+description_ts: 'Interview with former Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Alan C. Page
+ on his life and his legal and judicial career. He was elected to the Minnesota Supreme
+ Court in 1992 and retired in 2015. Subjects covered: his early life, his education
+ and football career, the years in private practice and in the Minnesota Attorney
+ General''s office, and his time on the Minnesota Supreme Court. Interviewed by Jeff
+ Holth, a former law clerk of Justice Page.'
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+ ","transc":"Interview with Alan Page\nMinnesota Supreme Court\nOral History Project\nFebruary
+ 19, 2019\nThis project was made possible by Legacy funding to the Minnesota Supreme
+ Court Historical Society from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund established by
+ the vote of Minnesotans on November 4, 2008, and administered by the Minnesota Historical
+ Society.\n© 2020 by the Minnesota State Law Library. All rights reserved. No part
+ of this work may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical,
+ including photocopy and recording or by any information storage and retrieval system,
+ without permission in writing from Minnesota State Law Library.\n2\nMinnesota Supreme
+ Court\nOral History Project\nInterview with Alan Page\nAssociate Justice, Minnesota
+ Supreme Court, 1993-2015\nJeff Holth, Interviewer\nFebruary 19, 2019\nName of interviewee:
+ AP\nNames of interviewer: JH\nRecording 1\n00:00:00\nJH: All right. It’s February
+ 19, 2019, and I’m at the Continuing Legal Education Center [Minnesota CLE Conference
+ Center, 600 Nicollet Mall #370, Minneapolis, MN] in\nMinneapolis [Minneapolis, MN]
+ to interview retired Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Alan Page [Alan Cedric Page
+ (August 7, 1945-)] for the Minnesota Supreme Court Oral History Project. The project
+ is sponsored by the Minnesota Supreme Court Historical Society and its Preservation
+ Committee in cooperation with the Minnesota State Law Library [Minnesota State Law
+ Library, 25 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, St Paul, MN]. My name is
+ Jeff Holth. I’m a practicing attorney here in Minnesota and I clerked for Justice
+ Page from 2012 to 2013 and I’ll be conducting the interview today.\nThank you for
+ coming today, Justice Page, and for agreeing to share your experiences and insights
+ on your years on the court.\nAP: Well, thank you for inviting me and hopefully we
+ can have a fun conversation.\nJH: Agreed. So let’s jump right in. I know you graduated
+ from law school in around 1978 and served on the Supreme Court from ’93 [1993] to
+ 2015, but I want to start by asking you about your earlier life before we talk about
+ your years on the court.\nAP: Sure.\nJH: So I wonder if you could just start us
+ off by talking a little bit about your family and where you grew up.\nAP: I was
+ born in Canton, Ohio. I was the fourth of four children. My mother was a—worked
+ as an attendant in a country club and my father, various jobs from operating juke
+ boxes to running a bar—that sort of thing. As I say, I was the fourth of four children,
+ two sisters and a brother. My childhood was a pretty happy one, pretty uneventful,
+ not much exciting to talk about. We weren’t the wealthiest of families, but we weren’t
+ the poorest either.\n3\nMy parents, neither one had the opportunity to go to school
+ beyond high school and they emphasized for me and my brother and my sisters, the
+ importance of education and the importance of being good citizens. And in their
+ own way, something that, I think, stuck with me, they talked about and emphasized
+ the importance of seeking excellence. Now they didn’t say it that way, but I think
+ that’s the bottom line of what they were talking about. They would always—and I
+ can hear them now telling me, Whatever you do in life, do it as well as you can.
+ You’re going to be a garbage collector, be the best garbage collector you can be.
+ If you’re going to be a doctor, be the best doctor you can be. Not as good as the
+ next doctor or garbage collector, but the best one you can be. And that’s something
+ that they preached and, I think, has served me well over time.\nJH: I think I recall
+ you talking about, you know, at a pretty young age, having some experiences or influences
+ that sort of made you think you might want to be a lawyer someday. Can you talk
+ about that a little bit?\nAP: I very early on, you know, when I was eight, nine,
+ ten years old, people would ask me what I wanted to do when I grew up and I would
+ say I wanted to be a lawyer. And, you know, what eight-year-old knows really what
+ they want to do when they grow up? But, as I noted, I grew up in Canton, Ohio. It
+ was a town built on heavy industry, primarily steel, and I had an uncle who spent
+ forty years working in the steel mill. And I knew intuitively that that’s not something
+ that I wanted to do. Nothing wrong with working in steel mills, but from my eight-\n00:05:00
+ year-old eyes, the work was dirty; it was hard; it was dangerous and repetitious.
+ And\nsomehow I knew that that didn’t fit me.\nI’d heard stories about lawyers, that,
+ you know, from—not that I knew any lawyers, or had any lawyers in my family or my
+ family really knew any lawyers, but the impression in the community I grew up was
+ that lawyers didn’t work too hard; made lots of money; drove big, fancy cars; lived
+ in big houses and went out and played golf every Wednesday afternoon. But for the
+ eight-year-old mind balancing fancy cars and dangerous and dirty work—\nJH: Which
+ do I choose?\nAP: Which do I choose? It becomes real simple. I also grew up watching
+ Perry Mason [Perry Mason, CBS television from September 21, 1957, to May 22, 1966],
+ and so I had a very rudimentary sense of what the law was about from that television
+ show and finally, and something that influenced me greatly. You have to remember
+ that I grew up—I was eight years old in 1954. At the time our country was grounded
+ in state sponsored segregation and in 1954, the Supreme Court decided Brown versus
+ the Board of Education[of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483] and I can remember reading newspaper
+ stories about it; hearing people talk about it; and again, not that I understood
+ it fully, but it gave me a sense of the power that the law has. That if the courts,
+ through the law, could essentially sound the death knell for state sponsored segregation,
+ it had the power to change how people treat one another. And that’s something that
+ I grew up [with] and had an interest in.\nAs I got older, I was disabused of the
+ idea that lawyers didn’t work hard (laughter) or that they necessarily made lots
+ and lots of money, but I also developed the sense that the law was 4\nabout solving
+ problems and helping people and that’s also something that resonated with me. And
+ so that was sort of my dream for the future. And never lost it, never lost it. And,
+ again, you know, 1954 there was Brown. Along the way there were—there was Little
+ Rock [Little Rock, AR]; there was Birmingham [Birmingham, AL]; there were full blown
+ civil rights movements, an effort to change or address issues of race in ways that
+ hadn’t been successful in the past. And, I’m sure that all had some bearing on my
+ sense of what the law was about and what could be done with the law.\nJH: You know,
+ thinking about Brown v. Board, specifically, do you, I mean, what was Canton like
+ growing up sort of in terms of a racial makeup? Was it a pretty segregated, in fact,
+ city?\nAP: Absolutely. Absolutely. You knew where you belonged and didn’t belong
+ and it’s interesting. I didn’t grow up in an area where the segregation was state
+ sponsored, but in practical effect, it might as well have been.\n00:10:00 JH: So
+ let’s talk briefly about Central Catholic High School, your high school experience\nin
+ Canton. Was it the plan for you to attend Central Catholic because your family did
+ or was it football related, or what was the trajectory there?\nAP: Well, our family
+ moved from Canton out into the countryside with an East Canton, Ohio, address because
+ my parents felt that the education available in the Canton city schools wasn’t what
+ they wanted for us. And my two older sisters, interestingly, didn’t decide to go
+ to school in East Canton. They, and along with my parents, concluded that Canton
+ Central Catholic had the best possible education for our circumstances. And so they
+ ended up going to Central Catholic. And then, my brother, who was ahead of me, he
+ went and so, I was destined to follow.\nAnd I—before I got to high school, I hadn’t
+ really—I wasn’t much of an athlete as a kid; I wasn’t one of those kids that everybody
+ sort of sought after to come and be on their team, but my brother went out for football
+ and so when I got there, I went out and it, as it turns out, I evidently had some
+ aptitude for it.\nJH: I’ve heard you use that phrase, “Have some aptitude for it,”
+ before, yeah. So what do you, in terms of high school, do you remember having an
+ early interest in sort of the law and politics and those sort of things or were
+ you still sort of navigating and not quite sure—?\nAP: I think I was always interested
+ in politics from very early on. But only in the sense of trying to figure out how
+ it works to help people. I never had much interest in politics for politics’ sake.
+ And so when I got to high school, I mean, I—the courses I loved were, you know,
+ back then it was civics and government—those kind of classes.\nJH: So was there
+ a point—so you played football at Central Catholic and is there a point, even in
+ high school, where you think that football could be used as a way to pursue an education
+ or does that realization not happen until a little bit later or—?\n5\nAP: You know,
+ growing up in Canton, there was this conflict between athletics and academics. There
+ was a very strong emphasis on athletics, particularly in the African-American community
+ and so I’m growing up not much interested in football and seeing an inordinate number
+ of young men who had—I guess what you would call stellar high school football careers—go
+ off to college for two, three, four years, come back to Canton, ended up hanging
+ out on the street corner, unemployed and unemployable. And, you know, that didn’t
+ make sense to me. I couldn’t figure out—this was before I started playing football.
+ Then I started playing, as I said, more by accident than by design and I loved playing
+ but I was just playing football because I loved it and not for any other purpose.\n00:15:00
+ By the time I was a, you know, sophomore/junior, there was talk that I might be
+ able to obtain\nan athletic scholarship and so I suppose around that time I started
+ thinking about [how] it could be used. One of the, in hindsight, one of the disappointments
+ when I look back is that while I did okay as a student in high school; did okay
+ as a student in elementary and junior high school; I did it the easy way. I didn’t,
+ essentially I wasn’t there to learn how to learn. I was there to do the work and
+ I could do the work without learning how to learn. I could, you know, answer the
+ questions and work through the math problems and all of that but simply because
+ you can do the work, doesn’t mean that you’re really learning a whole lot because,
+ I think, the important part of what goes on in schools in the education process
+ is learning how to learn and so I sort of missed that.\nAnd so as, in high school,
+ the work got more difficult, I still, you know, thrived to some degree, but had
+ I learned how to learn early on, I think, I mean, I was focused on going to school
+ beyond high school because that was the emphasis my parents placed, but if I had
+ sort of made that connection to learning how to learn early on, I might have had
+ a little more success academically and not, I don’t focus on that so much because,
+ you know, I could have been—done better in school—but I would have been better prepared
+ for the future.\nAs it turned out, I did okay, and ended up receiving a number of
+ scholarship offers, athletic scholarship offers. I think had I had that—had I learned
+ how to learn—there might have been some academic scholarships in that queue also,
+ which gives you choices, right?\nJH: Sure.\nAP: But I had the opportunity to choose
+ among some pretty good schools and ultimately selected the University of Notre Dame
+ [University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN].\nJH: That’s a good transition to Notre
+ Dame and talk a little bit about your time in college. Why Notre Dame?\nAP: Primarily
+ because of its academic reputation and because of its reputation in terms of how
+ it interacted with its alumni. They have an incredible, had then, and continue to
+ have, an incredible alumni association which provides any number of benefits to
+ people who graduate\n00:20:00 from there in terms of employment opportunities and
+ other kinds of support. And, you know,\nas I say, the schools that I was choosing
+ from, they were all good schools. I mean, it was Purdue [Purdue University, 610
+ Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN]; it was Michigan State 6\n[Michigan State University,
+ 220 Trowbridge Road, East Lansing, MI]; it was Michigan [University of Michigan,
+ 500 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI]; Minnesota [University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
+ MN]; Ohio State [Ohio State University, Columbus, OH]. So it wasn’t like they didn’t
+ have some of the things that Notre Dame had to offer. But it was sort of looking
+ beyond the college years that was, I think, ultimately the deciding factor.\nThat,
+ coupled with, I had no interest in going to Ohio State, who knows why? And Notre
+ Dame also had this reputation, football wise, that, at least at the time, was about
+ as good as it got, you know, to a black kid from Canton, Ohio, going to play in
+ the house that Knute Rockne [Knute Kenneth Rockne (March 4, 1888–March 31, 1931)]
+ built, that sort of put stars in your eyes for sure.\nJH: So was that an exciting
+ time I would suspect in a lot of ways? Was it a nerve wracking time transitioning
+ from Canton and leaving home, or—?\nAP: It was an exciting time; a very difficult
+ time. I, you know, just going back to Central Catholic, I was one of two, I think,
+ maybe three; maybe four; African-American kids in my graduating class. Going off
+ to Notre Dame it was going to be, you know, there were a few more, but not many
+ more so—and it was at a time that sort of our national economy was sort of in a
+ downward spiral and Notre Dame is in South Bend, Indiana, and they were also a heavy
+ industry town and one of the main employers there was Studebaker, the auto manufacturer,
+ and they went out of business just about the time I got there. It was my first time
+ away from home really. I’d not been a kid who’d gone off to camp and spent any time
+ away from home so it was all new to me. And it was also, you know, the first time
+ that I’d really been put in a position where I was responsible for myself as every
+ kid who goes off to school is.\nJH: Sure, that’s a big change.\nAP: A huge change.
+ And so it was difficult. And one of the things I didn’t realize was Notre Dame was
+ not the most progressive place to go to school and so that was something that was
+ a little different for me and having to adjust to that. There were some difficult
+ transitions.\nJH: Speaking to kind of the economy, in a downturn, thinking about
+ that time, too, and in a lot of ways the civil rights movement is sort of at its
+ apex and the Voting Rights Act and so was that a part of the campus conversation
+ or do you recall anything about that?\n00:25:00 AP: Not much, a little bit, but
+ not much. You know, and being on the football team there,\nyou really weren’t necessarily
+ that much a part of the campus conversation, even though we were—we lived in the
+ dorms with everybody else and went to meals with everybody else and went to classes
+ with everybody else, your focal point was football and so you weren’t really much
+ connected.\nAnd it was really kind of an interesting time in that respect because,
+ I mean, the civil rights movement was going through some challenging times. About
+ the same time, the Vietnam War protests started and so it’s sort of like you’re
+ in this bubble looking out on all of this and not 7\nhaving a direct connection
+ to it but having the opportunity to at least see it and think about it but not engage.\nJH:
+ Well, it’s interesting you mention that because yeah, in thinking about it, the
+ focus on football and you’re a young kid still and transitioning so maybe not a
+ lot of capacity for a lot of other stuff when that’s the focus in a lot of ways.\nAP:
+ Even if you had the instinct, they took up your time and your energy, both physical
+ and emotional. And so it was, in that respect, I missed out on a lot but, you know,
+ I can’t remember the precise timing, but my freshman year, the start of my freshman
+ year, went to football training camp a couple of weeks before school started and
+ I think we got there either just before or just after the March on Washington [The
+ March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963]. I think school had started
+ by the time the bombing at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church [The 16th Street
+ Baptist Church bombing. September 15, 1963), Birmingham, AL] had occurred in Birmingham.
+ And so you had all of these things going on. As I noted, you’re sort of watching
+ from afar. And understanding that they affect you, but sort of not directly.\nJH:
+ Removed a little bit or, yeah. Well, the focus on football bore some fruit. National
+ championship—was it your senior year?\nAP: Yes. I should note, I think it was in
+ the—I think it was still while I was there or he was planning to come, one of our
+ speakers, one of the people who was coming to campus to speak was George Wallace
+ [George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919–September 13, 1998)]. That got people
+ engaged.\nJH: That got some attention?\nAP: That got some attention.\nJH: Did he
+ come? Do you remember?\nAP: I’m pretty sure it was while I was still there. Needless
+ to say, I didn’t attend.\nJH: Yeah, probably not a regret.\nAP: No.\nJH: So, you’re
+ drafted by the Vikings kind of at the close of your career at Notre Dame and kind
+ of moving ahead a little bit, there’s obviously lots to talk about that we could
+ talk\n00:30:00 about with respect to your professional career in the NFL and—\nAP:
+ It happened.\nJH: It happened. It happened. You’ve talked about it a little bit,
+ right? But I want to focus on just kind of one unique aspect that I was interested
+ about was your participation in the NFL 8\nPlayers Association. It’s something that
+ I, you know, I’ve—I know you’ve talked about it before but we don’t hear that quite
+ as often so I was just curious. You’re playing with the Vikings. How do you get
+ involved in the Players Association and what’s sort of your role?\nAP: Well, there
+ had been—this is a long, complicated story, too long and too complicated for here.\nJH:
+ It’s a big question.\nAP: There had been various efforts on the part of players
+ to organize before 1968. Nineteen sixty the league is confronted with another football
+ league, the American Football League. In 1966, those two leagues merge with the
+ merger taking place in ’68 and in 1968, the players from both leagues come together
+ and form the National Football League Players Association. That was my second year
+ in the league and somehow I either volunteered or agreed to serve as player representative.
+ So that’s how I got involved.\nAnd, growing up in Canton, I was used to organized
+ labor and had sort of a sense of what it was about and the other piece of it was
+ that the reason players wanted to come together to form a union was because—well,
+ there are a whole host of them, not the least of which is players essentially had
+ no rights in terms of where they could play; very little ability to impact how much
+ they were paid and then there were all these what I will call silly little rules
+ that were imposed, I suppose, as a matter of control. That’s all I can think of.
+ Things like you can’t have a beard or a mustache. I guess you could have a mustache
+ but you couldn’t have a beard. Things like, you know, you have to be at every meal
+ whether you want to eat or not. You have to—you can’t have a telephone in your room
+ and this was before, you know, mobile phones, but you couldn’t have the telephone
+ company put a phone in your room during training camp. I mean, those are just a
+ couple that come to mind.\nAnd so there were really lots of limitations on a player’s
+ ability to be themselves and players wanted to change that and obviously, the ability
+ to choose where you worked would have an\n00:35:00 impact on how much you were paid.
+ And so, I think for me, at least in the beginning, it was\nsort of all those little
+ controls that just drove me crazy, that got me involved. And, you know, once you—you
+ can’t get just a little bit wet once you’re into the pool you get all wet.\nJH:
+ Did you enjoy it?\nAP: I loved it. It was frustrating at times but I think we laid
+ the groundwork for the freedom that players have today. We laid the groundwork for
+ players getting a fair share of the revenue. We laid the groundwork that allowed
+ players to be treated like human beings as opposed to, in some sense, property.
+ And along the way, I got to meet, know and work with a bunch of great lawyers. Leonard
+ Lindquist [Leonard Lindquist (September 5, 1912-September 10, 2004)]; Gene Keating
+ [Eugene Henry Keating (January 2, 1932-April 6, 2005)]; Ed Glennon [Edward M. Glennon
+ (1924-April 24, 2009)]; Ed Garvey [Edward R. Garvey (April 18, 1940–February 22,
+ 2017)]. I got to see from the inside what the law was all about and what good lawyering
+ looks like.\n9\nJH: So is it fair to say that that was an influence on the decision
+ to pursue a career?\nAP: That just confirmed—\nJH: That it was something you wanted
+ to do.\nAP: That it was something I wanted to do. I enrolled at William Mitchell
+ [now Mitchell Hamline School of Law, 875 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN] in the fall
+ of 1968. I started my second year the league and it was not pretty.\nJH: Why not?\nAP:
+ Well, you know, you get that assignment over the summer and there are like five
+ hundred pages to read and you try to read it and none of it makes sense and you
+ show up the first day and I don’t remember what the class was, but the professor
+ could just as well be talking Greek as English. And, you think, I don’t understand
+ what’s happening here because it’s a different process; at least it was a different
+ process from what my undergraduate degree was like. And I was not ready for it.\nJH:
+ Was it—well, you said you were second year in the league, playing and so was it—I
+ mean, I’d suspect that obviously that has—playing is a lot of—the time commitment
+ in and of itself so was it that you weren’t quite ready? Not enough time? Or did
+ it—?\nAP: It wasn’t that. It was being confronted with being in this class and listening
+ to these lectures that had no context.\nJH: Right.\nAP: And therefore made no sense.
+ And, you know, it’s early on in the process so you don’t know how it all fits together.\nJH:
+ New language.\nAP: New language, all of it. And I just—it was not pretty. (laughter)\nJH:
+ Well, but it must not have—but it didn’t dissuade you, obviously, completely.\nAP:
+ I say only half in jest, I knew after three days that I wasn’t going to survive,
+ but I was in so far over my head that it took me another three and a half, three
+ weeks to figure out how to drop out, to get out. And I—what I came to understand
+ was, first of all, that I wasn’t alone.\n00:40:00 I mean, I’m sitting there thinking,
+ I’m the only one that doesn’t get this. I’m the only one that\ndoesn’t understand
+ this. But, you know, everybody in the room was in the same boat that I was. Had
+ I—maybe had I not been playing football at the time, I’d have sort of stuck it out,
+ but I mean, I was so far in over my head, I mean, I just couldn’t see—\n10\nJH:
+ The path.\nAP: The path.\nJH: Yep, overwhelming.\nAP: And so, I bailed. But didn’t
+ necessarily give up the hope or the idea. Over the years I tried one or two other
+ career options. I was a used car salesman or actually a new/used car salesman. I
+ sold one car during my auto sales experience.\nJH: I did not know that, that you
+ tried that.\nAP: And the one car I sold to myself. (laughter) So I figured there
+ was no career in that. I had a vending machine company for about a year and half.
+ It took me—I invested about forty thousand dollars into it and it took me about
+ a year and a half to go through that, although that was one of the—actually not
+ one of—the best investment I ever made and we’ll get to that later, but one of the
+ things I was learning was business, being in business, was not something that fit
+ me; not something that interested me; not something that I wanted to put the time
+ and energy and effort into becoming good at, which was a good lesson to learn. And
+ ultimately, after my eighth year with the Vikings, I decided to go back to law school;
+ this time having a better understanding, having been involved in, as a players’
+ rep, and then ultimately on the executive committee of the Players Association;
+ been involved in a number of lawsuits involving the Players Association and the
+ National Football League.\nStill, having the opportunity to see even more deeply
+ how lawyers work, the way they thought, developing a sense for that and having the
+ opportunity to talk with them and sort of learn that law school is just like that
+ and that the secret to it is to endure. And at some point it starts to make sense.
+ So after my eighth year I decided to go back. This time enrolled at the University
+ of Minnesota and actually started the summer of 1975 at the University of Texas
+ in Austin [Austin, TX]. I took contracts and procedures, thirteen weeks start to
+ finish.\nJH: Wow!\nAP: And survived it.\nJH: There you go.\nAP: Not only survived
+ it; loved every minute of it.\nJH: Confidence booster?\nAP: Big confidence booster.\nJH:
+ Absolutely.\n11\nAP: Big confidence booster. Learned, you know, a little bit of
+ the process of, remember how I talked about having failed to learn how to learn?\nJH:
+ Exactly.\nAP: Took me to law school to get it.\nJH: Sometimes I wonder if it takes
+ a lot of people up until that point. In some ways, I sort\n00:45:00 of felt the
+ same way.\nAP: Well, but once I got it—\nJH: Yeah.\nAP: there’s nothing else like
+ it.\nJH: Right.\nAP: And so I loved the law school experience. People, you know,
+ are always talking about, Well, you went to law school and played professional football—how
+ hard that must have been. Yeah, things are hard but when you’re having fun, there’s
+ nothing better. I mean, I loved my law school experience at the university.\nAnd
+ I had another one of those defining moments and I think it was towards the end of
+ my first year. We had a paper to write and I decided I was going to, you know, take
+ the easy road, something you know about, labor, labor law. And actually I think
+ I wrote something on labor relations in the NFL. But I, you know, I spent all this
+ time doing the research and preparing and I just—nothing happened. And I can remember
+ going in to see one of the associate or assistant deans and saying, I don’t know
+ that I can do this. And he said, Well, you can do it. All you have to do is apply
+ yourself. And I think, What have I been doing?\nJH: Well, that clears it up, right?\nAP:
+ Right. And he said, No, you apply the seat of your pants to the chair until you
+ get it, until it starts coming and, you know, it’s weird but, you know, I sat down,
+ got my books and my pens and my papers and sat there and eventually started writing
+ and got it done. And that was an important lesson—that sometimes even when you know
+ what you want to do, but it’s not coming together, you have to just keep working
+ at it until it happens.\nJH: This is jumping ahead a little bit so we’ll have to
+ swing back but that makes me think about the process of sitting down and writing
+ an opinion a little bit, too. Is there a similarity there, too? The process of just
+ needing to sit down and sort of delve in to get it started and once it’s started,
+ flows a little bit?\nAP: It flows. Absolutely.\n12\nJH: Interesting. So law school
+ at U of M. I was going to ask you and I think you really answered it was, you know,
+ by the time you do go to the U of M, you’re still playing; raising a family; not
+ like there aren’t any other things going on. You’re busy but you manage it by—\nAP:
+ But then it’s just a matter of time management.\nJH: Sure.\nAP: And figuring out
+ how to, you know, make it all work, putting all the pieces together. And I mean,
+ I did have some incentive. I mean, by then I was twelve years into my professional
+ career. You don’t play forever and quite frankly, I didn’t want to necessarily play
+ forever. As I’ve said often, by the time I started law school, I’d been playing
+ for—I was into my ninth year and I hadn’t done everything you could do on a football
+ field but I’d done most of them and I noted earlier, repetition wasn’t one of my
+ strong suits. It was time to prepare to do something different so that I could move
+ on. As I’ve often said, you know, the skills of a defensive tackle don’t transfer
+ to much of anything else out in the real world and so preparing\n00:50:00 to do
+ something beyond football was really important. And law school was that preparation.\nJH:
+ Right. So you graduate from law school and you graduate and —you graduate and—what’s
+ the timing there? You still play for a little bit after you graduate?\nAP: I played
+ three and a half more years.\nJH: Three and a half more years and so you’re—\nAP:
+ Seventy-eight; seventy-nine [1979]. Four more years.\nJH: Okay. During that time,
+ then, you graduate, you’re playing, but then you start at Lindquist and Vennum [Lindquist
+ \u0026 Vennum, offices in Minnesota, Colorado, and South Dakota; formed in 1968
+ when Lindquist, Magnuson \u0026 Glennon combined with Vennum, Newhall, Ackman \u0026
+ Goetz. As of January 1, 2018, the firm merged with and took the name of Ballard
+ Spahr]. So what’s the practice there like? Tell me about that a little bit.\nAP:
+ It’s trying to figure out who you are as a lawyer. And it’s, you know, getting assignments
+ and, you know, Here’s the file. Go do this. And it’s like, How do you go do this?
+ (laughter)\nJH: A little more explanation.\nAP: Would be helpful. It wasn’t always
+ forthcoming. Sort of get thrown into the thick of things and there were some horrible,
+ awful, very bad moments where I had no idea what I was doing but had to try to figure
+ it out while I was doing it.\nJH: Enjoyable though?\nAP: Not especially. 13\nJH:
+ No?\nAP: One of the things I figured out early on about the private practice of
+ law, it’s about business; it’s about billing hours and that just—it never—that is
+ not me. My interest in the law was the law and trying to sort of work through it,
+ sort it out and figure it out and come to the best conclusions that you can. And
+ when you’ve got this little thing sitting on your shoulder talking about billable
+ hours, first of all, you’re distracted by that because you’re thinking, Hey, am
+ I billing enough hours and how do I justify these hours? And so from that standpoint,
+ it was not necessarily pleasant.\nThat said, I got to work with some really good
+ lawyers and like every other new lawyer, Can you do a memo for me on this? And you
+ give them the memo and it comes back and it’s like, I didn’t know there was that
+ much red ink in the world. (laughter)\nJH: But lessons, then, as well, I suppose,
+ too, right, so you’re—\nAP: Absolutely.\nJH: it’s a big learning curve but you’re
+ learning a lot.\nAP: But you’re learning a lot. That’s where I got grounded and
+ so from that standpoint, it was a very valuable experience but just not my idea
+ of a good time. And I was fortunate enough to make my way to the attorney general’s
+ office and I loved it there because Skip Humphrey [Hubert Horatio \"Skip\" Humphrey
+ III (June 26, 1942-)] was the attorney general and he let the lawyers who were there
+ to do the work, do the work. And let me learn to give my best legal advice to my
+ clients. Didn’t have to worry about billing hours; didn’t have to worry about clients
+ walking away. I could do the best that I could to figure out what is the best—what
+ is the law and what is the best advice I can give this client? And I could do that
+ and there’s a lot of freedom in that and I absolutely loved it.\n00:55:00 JH: Did
+ you have a particular focus in the attorney general’s office?\nAP: Labor and employment.\nJH:
+ You were? Okay.\nAP: Labor and employment.\nJH: And you enjoyed that?\nAP: And that’s
+ what I did at Lindquist also on the employee side and just flipped to the employer
+ side.\nJH: So you’re working at the Minnesota Attorney General’s office four years,
+ five years-ish, something like that? 14\nAP: Started in ’85, the first week of January,
+ 1985, and left the last week of December in 1992.\nJH: Okay, so, yeah. So when do
+ you start thinking about—maybe not even necessarily the Minnesota Supreme Court
+ but the idea of doing something different and maybe that being judging?\nAP: You
+ know, I had this weird experience. In 1982, I’m at Lindquist and Vennum and—’82
+ or ’83—and I wake up one morning and the newspaper has an article about Governor
+ Perpich [Rudolph George Perpich Sr. (June 27, 1928–September 21, 1995)] is going
+ to appoint some new judges and he’s got my name on the list. Nobody had asked.\nJH:
+ Interesting.\nAP: It was very strange but up until that point it hadn’t really occurred
+ to me a) that I would have the interest in being a judge or that I could be, or
+ that I had the skills or temperament. Long story short, made me think about it.
+ And, you know, through that time, I’m learning who I am as a lawyer; what my skills
+ are; what my interests are; and what my strengths and weaknesses are. And over time,
+ I sort of start thinking, Maybe there is something in the judiciary that would fit
+ me, but I can’t see myself necessarily as a trial court judge. And, you know, as
+ lawyers we spend a lot of time reading opinions and struggling to figure out what
+ they mean. And thinking, Well, if they meant this, why didn’t they just say it?
+ Why is it so hard to say in plain clear language what you mean?\nAnd of course,
+ my ego says to myself, Self, you could do that. You could write clearly. You could
+ write concisely and so over time I start to think my skills and my interests, my
+ abilities, my strengths lend themselves to what appellate court judges do. And from
+ there, well, how does one become an appellate court judge? Well, as you know in
+ Minnesota, it’s either by appointment or by election. And the Minnesota Court of
+ Appeals is new, relatively new, and most of the judges there or many of the judges
+ there had been trial court judges, so that seems like a natural step even though
+ the trial court isn’t necessarily what fits me. And so I started applying for trial
+ court judge positions and had absolutely no success.\n01:00:00 Eventually I came
+ to the conclusion that I wasn’t going to have any success and that, if I\nwanted
+ the opportunity to serve, it was probably going to be through election, which narrows
+ things down to the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court.\nJH: Right.\nAP: And my
+ thought process was, Well, if you’re going to seek election, you might as well seek
+ election to the Minnesota Supreme Court. I think I have something to contribute.
+ I think, both from a legal background, but also from just a different perspective,
+ and so, 1990, I decided to seek election. And when the filing period opened, I was
+ down there first morning, first hour, filed for election and the justice who I was
+ going to challenge; thought I was going to challenge, resigned before I got out
+ of the secretary of state’s office. 15\nJH: Oh wow.\nAP: Which created a vacancy.
+ Vacancies are filled by appointment. The governor immediately appointed someone
+ to fill the vacancy and the election for that seat no longer existed. And I, in
+ seeking election, it wasn’t about the individual justice who I was going to challenge;
+ it wasn’t about their opinions or their philosophy or their anything else; it was
+ simply—it seemed to me to be a fair question given that the justice was going to
+ reach mandatory retirement within something less than six months of re-election
+ and it was a fair question, at least I thought, to have the people of Minnesota
+ decide who they would want to serve the term.\nMe, a known quantity, a known person,
+ or some unknown, ultimately some unknown person. The election was taken off the
+ ballot and, you know, it wasn’t clear to me why, you know. Being a person of color,
+ one of the things that comes to mind is, Is it because I’m a person of color? Is
+ it politics? Is it—I don’t know—let that go; continued working at the attorney general’s
+ office and decided to try again in 1992.\nThis time, the justice I sought to challenge,
+ was going to reach mandatory retirement within about eighteen months of the full
+ six-year term and I thought again it was fair question to have the people of Minnesota
+ decide who the justice should be who serves in that seat. Before I could get to
+ the—before the filings opened, we had this provision in our constitution which provides
+ for the retirement of the judges and there is a statute which provided, also provides
+ to carry out that constitutional provision, which provided that the governor could
+ extend\n01:05:00 the term of a justice who hadn’t reached full retirement at the
+ time they were up for re-\nelection and with mandatory retirement approaching. And
+ so Justice Yetka [Lawrence R. Yetka (October 1, 1924–November 12, 2017)] who was
+ the justice who I was going to challenge, sought a term extension; the governor
+ granted it and I was, to say the least, more than a little frustrated.\nAnd so,
+ long story short, I commenced a lawsuit against the governor and the secretary of
+ state, a lawsuit that had its original jurisdiction in the Supreme Court and a number
+ of people told me I was crazy, that you’re wrong on the law; you’re wrong on the
+ politics and you’re never, you know, when you lose this lawsuit, you’re never, ever
+ going to have the opportunity to serve.\nI felt strongly about one, that the, as
+ applied, the term extension violated the constitution. I wasn’t much concerned about
+ the politics because I’d been—sort of along the way I’d figured out you have to
+ do what you think is right, not what is expedient, and turns out I was right on
+ the law; we were right on the law. And I was given the opportunity, along with anybody
+ else who wanted to file for election for the seat. I filed; Justice Yetka did not
+ and two other people did and almost immediately, not almost immediately, immediately,
+ my opponents started down the road of, He''s just a football player. And initially,
+ implicit, but unstated, he’s just a dumb football player. Also initially, but not
+ necessarily subsequently, but initially, he’s just a dumb, black football player.
+ I mean, that was the tenor of what was being said. He’s not qualified. 16\nI spent
+ the next three months, three and a half months, whatever it is, campaigning around
+ the state to talk about why I wanted to be a Supreme Court justice. What I could
+ bring what I had to offer about my experience and my background and my qualifications.
+ And at every turn, I got the accusatory question, What are your qualifications?
+ And nobody else was being asked that. And so that was difficult. That said, it was
+ also satisfying to be able to talk to people about who I am and what I thought I
+ had to offer and in the end, the people of this state gave\n01:10:00 me the opportunity
+ to serve. They elected me. I am humbled, honored. I have a hard time\narticulating
+ how meaningful it is to me that they saw through the effort to stereotype me; that
+ they saw in me somebody who hopefully, had something to contribute and they gave
+ me the opportunity to do it.\nJH: Was—so, you know, you mentioned that, in terms
+ of the campaign, questions about qualification, but implicit questions about—\nAP:
+ Race.\nJH: what it means to be an athlete—race. Was diversity, and the fact that,
+ if elected, you’d be the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice:
+ Was that a part of that conversation explicitly or was that not really a part of
+ that discussion?\nAP: That wasn’t a part of the discussion.\nJH: So you’re elected.\nAP:
+ And I show up the first day.\nJH: What’s the first day like?\nAP: Well, I had a
+ month before, I’d been given briefs for the—\nJH: Get to work.\nAP: Yes, for the
+ argument calendar in January of ’93, and initially I had been assigned a case that
+ was being heard that first day.\nJH: Okay.\nAP: Mind you, I had—I didn’t know how
+ the system worked, right?\nJH: Right. The norms, the processes—\nAP: The norms,
+ the processes, any of it. And so I’m fast tracking, trying to figure all this out
+ and it turns out the case that they gave me, I had a conflict. Phew! So they switched
+ cases and gave me one for the second day. I was getting my baptism by fire. I, you
+ know, read the briefs, prepared—didn’t know what—and for my case the second day,
+ as you know, we do a 17\nreport to the court, I’d never done a report to the court
+ because I hadn’t been on the court. But I had to sort of figure that out but I had
+ no sort of context for doing that. And the—I was sworn in before the first argument
+ the first day and we were having a public ceremony after it.\nJH: That very first
+ day.\nAP: That very first day, public swearing in.\nJH: There were some distractions
+ beyond the work of the court.\nAP: One or two. And sat through the one argument
+ because I was recused on the other but sat through my first case conference and
+ learned what a report was like. Do the public swearing in ceremony; celebrate with
+ family, and at the end of the day, get that report written.\nJH: And that report
+ on your mind kind of throughout the day a little bit?\nAP: Oh, absolutely.\nJH:
+ Yeah, I got to get that report; I’ve got some work to do.\nAP: I’ve got some work
+ to do. At least now I know what it is. And the second day I had\n01:15:00 my—we
+ had the two cases I sat through, gave my report and that’s the way it begins. We\ndon’t
+ do that anymore. At least when I left the court, new justices had some time to learn
+ the system.\nJH: So was that a, I mean, do you think back on the first—beyond the
+ first day or two, the first week; the first month, as I said, because it was trial
+ by fire a little bit right away that it was an easy transition? I mean, hard by
+ the way, but a quick one or—?\nAP: Invigorating, and a very quick transition. You
+ know, as with anything new, particularly in the world of work, you don’t know the
+ rules and the norms until you violate them and so you’re trying to figure it all
+ out and, you know, you have your missteps along the way but you figure it out and,
+ as with many things, the question isn’t whether you made the mistake, but what did
+ you learn from it. In this particular instance, I had to be a quick learner and
+ I was.\nJH: Absolutely.\nAP: And then, you know, you get that first case behind
+ you, the argument and the report, and then you’ve got to write—\nJH: You’ve got
+ some more work to do. It’s not over.\nAP: And having never written an opinion before,
+ you have to learn how to do that.\nJH: Which is a whole other beast in and of itself.
+ 18\nAP: Absolutely, but I had a good law clerk, Ian Nemiroff, who helped me a lot.
+ He helped me a lot. And as over the years, I had a bunch of great clerks who made
+ me look good time and time again.\nJH: I wanted to ask about clerks, not in a selfish
+ way, but it’s definitely a part of your work on the court, daily work on the court.
+ What did you look for in a clerk?\nAP: I looked for people who were curious; people
+ who had something in their background that was out of the norm. Justice Gardebring
+ [Sandra Gardebring Ogren (June 14, 1947–July 20, 2010)] used to refer to what she
+ called Standard Issue Law Students, SILS (laughter). I didn’t want Standard Issue
+ Law clerks. I wanted people who—obviously you want somebody that can write; you
+ want somebody that’s going to work hard. But you want somebody who’s going to have
+ good judgment and a sense of curiosity to sort of look under the rocks that need
+ to be looked under and not under the ones that don’t and who can figure that out
+ pretty quickly. And who are willing to or who were willing to tell me when I was
+ wrong. I didn’t need a law clerk or law clerks who would tell me what I want to
+ hear. I don’t like surprises and so, when I’m working with a clerk, I want the clerk
+ to make sure there are no surprises.\nJH: Right.\nAP: And I was pretty lucky along
+ the way—a bunch of great writers, yourself included; hard workers; curiosity—you
+ fit the bill nicely.\nJH: Well, it’s—I always talk about, too. It’s one of those
+ incredible experiences where you get out of law school and then the work, in many
+ ways, it feels like some of the most\n01:20:00 important work that you’ll do as
+ an attorney, working on the court so pretty incredible\nexperience.\nSo talk about—I
+ recall in the year in your office—\nAP: I should also note, I wanted diversity in
+ my clerks. I wanted women; I wanted clerks who were people of color; I wanted diversity
+ in their, you know, where they came from; what their experiences were—because all
+ of that makes; all of that enriches the process and makes what I do as a judge better
+ having different views, different ways of looking at things and I mean, I think
+ that’s vital.\nJH: Your approach to tackling an opinion. I remember you taking,
+ I think, a lot of joy in peeling apart the layers, finding the resolution, and obviously,
+ as you’ve said many times before, none of the cases that come before the Minnesota
+ Supreme Court are simple. They’re there because they’re complex. Talk about that
+ a little bit.\nAP: They’re there because they’re complex; they’re there because
+ they’re important to the people involved in them, no matter who they are, whether
+ it’s a—the fifth petition for review from a post-conviction inmate, or, you know,
+ some large corporation, it’s important to the people that we serve. It’s important
+ to the people of the state that we do it well and that we do 19\nit as right as
+ we can. And I—opinion writing is—on any given day I will tell you it’s more art
+ than science or that it’s more science than art.\nJH: Right.\nAP: It’s really a
+ combination of both and for me, it was very important to work with the word so that
+ what the opinion said was clear, easily understood, easily read and helpful. And
+ to do that for me, it was about making sure that there were no unintended words,
+ much less unintended ideas but no unintended words that—every word was thought about;
+ that every word was where it was in the sentence because that’s the best use of
+ the word in communicating the idea that you’re trying to communicate. That every
+ sentence in the paragraph was where it was because that was the best way to communicate
+ what you were trying to communicate in the paragraph. That every paragraph in the
+ opinion was where it was because that’s where it was most helpful.\n01:25:00 I suspect
+ that you clerks probably thought I was a little obsessive and maybe even a little\ncompulsive
+ but certainly obsessive about words, how we used the language, but that was important
+ to me; that was very important to me.\nJH: I remember you talked right away about
+ the purpose of every word. If it doesn’t have a role; if it’s not there for a reason,\nAP:
+ Gone.\nJH: Get it out.\nAP: If it doesn’t have a reason, it’s not helping anybody.
+ All it does is add length and the potential for confusion.\nJH: And the potential
+ for interpretation differently than the intent was.\nAP: Different than what you
+ intended.\nJH: Right, I remember that lesson. It sticks with me for sure. I was
+ always struck with the collegiality and rapport on the court. You know, it was a
+ serious place; a lot of important work, but I also remember, at least feeling like,
+ the justices had a lot of respect for one another and were good friends as well.
+ Can you speak to that a little bit?\nAP: Well, you know, it’s interesting. You have
+ seven people, and changing all the time, who have big brains; who would like to
+ think they’re the smartest one in the room; who have views that conflict and who
+ feel strongly about their opinions. But we’ve been lucky here in Minnesota to have
+ people understand that the institution is more important than any one of us and
+ institutionally, it is important to maintain that collegiality, even when your colleagues,
+ in your view, are so far wrong that you can’t understand how they could possibly
+ be there. And sometimes the tension is pretty high but in the end you have to understand
+ that a.) it’s about the institution and the work; it’s not about me. And also, you
+ have to understand that, you 20\nknow, some day you may need that colleague to get
+ where you want to go in a particular case or where you think a case should go.\nWhen
+ I first got on the court I would hear these stories about what was going on in other
+ states with their Supreme Courts. Justices inviting one another out into the corridor
+ to have a fight; justices showing up at conference and placing a handgun on the
+ conference table. How does that work? How can you have a justice system that—or
+ that the members of which of\n01:30:00 their courts are so antagonistic with one
+ another that they can’t be civil even, you know, under\npressure? How do you reach
+ good decisions doing that? I don’t think you can. One of the things that was also,
+ I think, important for our court during my time there, to ensure the understanding
+ that collegiality was important and that it’s the institution, it’s not us, was
+ that we, in our conference, you know, there are seven of us. We know each other
+ by first name. We refer to each other as Justice So and So, just to make it clear
+ in our own minds and everybody else in the room, that this is an institutional decision
+ we’re making. This is the institution that is acting; it’s not me, Alan Page, making
+ a decision. I’m making it on behalf of this institution. And it’s a way to sort
+ of force you to treat people with respect and I think it served us well.\nJH: Those
+ small things are not small things.\nAP: Not small at all.\nJH: Right.\nAP: Not small
+ at all.\nJH: Right. Can you talk a little bit about, you know, the first—the critical
+ first of being the first African-American Minnesota Supreme Court justice? Sort
+ of looking back and thinking about the role of that first in your work on the court?\nAP:
+ I have a hard time doing that because that wasn’t what it was about. Institutionally,
+ I think it’s important that there had to be a first. Institutionally, it would have
+ been better had it been somebody long before me. The fact that it finally happened—that
+ we finally opened the door if you will for people of color, I think it was very
+ significant. I think equally significant was the fact that when I joined the court,
+ the court was a majority of women.\nJH: That’s right.\nAP: People would ask me,
+ What’s it like serving on the court with a majority of women, right? And, of course,
+ having not served on a court that wasn’t a majority of women, I thought, Well, that’s
+ the natural order of things. But those things are important—that our judicial—that
+ people who serve in our judicial system reflect the people of this state. I’ve said
+ many times that the only power that courts have is founded in the trust and confidence
+ of the people we serve and the less the members of the judiciary look like the people
+ they serve, the less trust and confidence our judiciary will have. And so I think
+ finally breaking that barrier was critically important. 21\n01:35:00 JH: Right.
+ On that note, I mean, early on in your tenure as a justice—and I want to get this\nright—your
+ service on the Minnesota Supreme Court Task Force on Racial Bias in the Judicial
+ System. Report’s issued in 1993.\nAP: Six months after I joined the court.\nJH:
+ Right. And you were involved.\nAP: Well, I—\nJH: Can you just describe that a little
+ bit or what was your participation; what was your experience?\nAP: I became the
+ chair of the committee that was going to implement the task force report. That was
+ challenging for me. Remember my interest in the law was the law and not in being
+ an administrator? And so from that standpoint, a lot of the things that, not only
+ that committee, but we all—we had various committee assignments. I have to say those
+ committee assignments were not my favorite part of being on the court.\nBut this
+ was an important one and, you know, we ended up working through the—depending on
+ how you count them—the one hundred plus recommendations, pretty much most of them
+ being implemented. But—and the implementation made things better but it didn’t solve
+ the problem. It was a little—I think we made very incremental progress. But the
+ disparities that came out of the report, particularly in the criminal justice area,
+ where African-Americans, people of color are arrested more often; stopped more often;
+ charged more often; given higher bail; less fair trials; higher conviction rates;
+ longer sentences; all things being equal, that hasn’t ended and that’s just on the
+ criminal justice side. There’s the juvenile justice and all the other aspects of
+ the report.\nI’ve more or less come to the conclusion that before real change is
+ going to happen, we have to take a more fundamental look at what our law is grounded
+ in, which is to say, it’s grounded in a constitution that counted those imported
+ as slaves as three-fifths of a person. And while we’ve had the thirteenth, fourteenth
+ and fifteenth amendments ending slavery, ensuring due process and guaranteeing the
+ right to vote, the law itself, the foundation, is still on cases that arose out
+ of slavery and we’ve got to figure out how to tease that out of it before we have
+ fundamental change.\nJH: Structural fundamental change, right?\n01:40:00 AP: It’s
+ a structural, systemic problem.\nJH: What about, Justice Page, any notable opinions;
+ dissents; anything come to mind? You wrote a lot so it’s a big body of work but—?\n22\nAP:
+ I have never, in my own head, quantified or qualified whether it was a dissent or
+ an opinion in terms of its importance. It seems to me that once you do that; once
+ you decide that this one is more important than that one, you start doing both of
+ them a disservice. And so I just took each one as they came and tried to put the
+ same energy and effort into trying to get it right. And again, as I say, whether
+ it was that fifth post-conviction petition, or, you know, some mega million dollar
+ corporate issue, the people who come before us deserve to have our fullest attention
+ and so I just don’t qualify them, quantify them in that way.\nJH: Don’t think of
+ it as that, right? So, during your tenure on the court, one thing I wanted to ask
+ you about, too, is just sort of the interplay, if you think of there being one at
+ all, between your continued community engagement and still working on the court.
+ You know, we would—I think back a lot on going and reading with you and other staff
+ in the court, reading to elementary school kids on Wednesdays or whatever day it
+ was. That community engagement and, you know, did that play a role in your work
+ in your works as a justice? Did you see it sort of separately or was it related
+ and did it inform your work?\nAP: Oh, I think everything we do -- our lives inform
+ our work. I don’t know that I, you know, my reading with kids or my involvement
+ to the extent that I had it, which was quite limited at the Page Education Foundation,
+ influenced my work directly but it’s a part of who I am and being engaged in the
+ community around us at some level helps us understand those people we are a part
+ of but also who we represent. And I think it would be a mistake to be isolated and
+ not a part of the world around us to the extent, obviously, to the extent possible,
+ to the extent that it doesn’t create conflicts.\nJH: You’ve had some time now after
+ retiring, I suppose to think back. Any, I guess maybe the question is, in thinking
+ about it and this kind of gets to some final reflections about your time on the
+ court, it’s a big question, but what is it—personally and professionally—can you
+ put into words what the service meant to you?\nAP: Well, for me, it was the most,
+ in terms of my professional life, the most fulfilling thing I’ve ever done. The
+ challenges of working with seven other people. I mean, I looked forward to every
+ day when I was on the court, particularly to those days where we would hear argument
+ and have conferences because every conference you got stretched in ways that you
+ would never get stretched and I loved that. Trying to understand what your colleagues
+ are saying and thinking; trying to understand what you were thinking in the context
+ of what they are saying and thinking and trying to understand what you were thinking.\nJH:
+ Work through thought processes, right.\nAP: And working through all that doesn’t
+ get any better.\nJH: Sometimes arriving at unexpected places, too?\nAP: Oh, all
+ the time, all the time. Arriving at unexpected places; arriving at places that,
+ on a personal level, you wouldn’t want to arrive at. You—if I could decide this
+ on my own, this is not what I would do, but not my choice, you know. One of the—a
+ little bit disconcerting 23\nthings about our society—is I don’t think people understand
+ how important it is for judges to be impartial and to exercise their judgment and
+ not impose their will. And just the challenge of doing that all the time and trying
+ to get that right, it’s all very much fun; very invigorating; very satisfying. And,
+ hopefully, in the end, I did it as well as I could do it. I leave that up to others
+ to decide but that was certainly my goal and I enjoyed every minute of it along
+ the way.\nJH: What about the future of the court? You’re not on it, obviously, anymore,
+ but thinking about challenges, hopes; any thoughts come to mind about the future?\nAP:
+ My hope would be that they continue to be independent; that they continue to act
+ impartially and understand that it is about the exercise of judgment and if the
+ court’s members can do that it’ll have a bright future. And there’s something about,
+ at least from my experience on the court looking back and looking forward, I think
+ there’s a pretty good chance that things will continue in that regard as they have.\nThe
+ court’s leadership understands. I had the good fortune to serve with, let me think—I
+ knew the number exactly at one time. Let’s see—one, two three—I can’t remember the
+ exact number—six or seven or eight—\n01:50:00 JH: Chief justices?\nAP: chief justices
+ and each one of them got it. They were all different but each one of them understood
+ how important it is for our court to maintain its independence and its impartiality
+ and to make decisions based on the law and the facts and their best judgment and
+ not on the way the wind is blowing today. We’ve been lucky to have really good people,
+ both at the chief justice, as chief justices, and as associate justices and I, to
+ be included in that group is pretty special.\nJH: You know, I want to definitely,
+ before we close out, give you an opportunity to speak to your late wife Diane’s
+ [Diane Sims Page (1944-September 30, 2018)], role in your career.\nAP: Well, I mentioned
+ earlier about that forty thousand dollars I lost on the vending machines?\nJH: Yeah,
+ that’s right.\nAP: The company that owned the vending machines was a subsidiary
+ of General Mills.\nJH: I know where this is going now.\nAP: And, long story short,
+ I was in the lobby at General Mills one day, having left the meeting and left my
+ car keys and everything else in the meeting and I’m sitting, waiting for somebody
+ to bring them back to me and Diane walks into a meeting that she was going to there.
+ I got introduced to her and it was the best thing that ever happened to me. Absolutely
+ the best thing that ever happened to me. She is the love of my life; she kept me
+ grounded at the same time lifting me up. She had this magic ability to lift people
+ up, no matter who they 24\nwere; no matter what the circumstances were. She had
+ incredible insight into people and she is in large measure the key to much of the
+ success that I’ve had. She was there every step of the way, allowing me, encouraging
+ me, supporting me. And, as I say, I couldn’t have been luckier to have met her,
+ fallen in love with her and spent the years that we had together. And she was one
+ of those people who—I have ideas. She was a doer.\nJH: Executor.\nAP: Absolutely,
+ and it wasn’t, you know, When are you going to get this done? It’s, Why wasn’t this
+ done yesterday? Well, because we just found out that we had to do it today. She
+ was in a sense, driven and driven to do good; driven to make this world a better
+ place, that’s for sure. And I got lucky.\n01:55:00 JH: Well, you have retired from
+ the court but you’re busy.\nAP: I am busy.\nJH: And so I’ve got to ask, what’s next?
+ What’s next for Justice Page?\nAP: Well, there’s still plenty of work to do with
+ the Page Education Foundation and beyond that, I’m trying to figure out what I’m
+ going to do when I grow up. I haven’t sorted that out yet but I spend a lot of time
+ in schools and classrooms still, talking to young children. As you know, I’ve had
+ the good fortune to be able to write three children’s books with my youngest daughter
+ and we’ve got to get on to book four.\nJH: I was going to ask; that was my next
+ question.\nAP: We’ve got to get on to book four.\nJH: More work to be done.\nAP:
+ More work to be done.\nJH: And Justice Page Middle School? I mean, it seems you
+ spend time—I see pictures and things and you’re really engaged with the school.\nAP:
+ I am engaged with the school. The school is magic. You know, sixth, seventh, eighth
+ graders—they energize me still. They keep me going. And I also have four grandchildren
+ that do the same thing.\nJH: Being a grandfather, a job in and of itself.\nAP: Yes.\nJH:
+ Well, I think that’s a good place to close. Unless you have any other thoughts.
+ We’ve had a good conversation so thanks for sharing your insights today. And thank
+ you, I think in 25\nthinking about this conversation through the arc from beginning
+ to end and the focus on the Minnesota Supreme Court, I want to and then I thank
+ and we all want to thank you for your service on the Supreme Court, too.\nAP: Well,
+ thank you for that, but I can’t articulate how much I loved serving on the court
+ and being able to serve the people of this state. I can’t articulate how honored
+ I am that the people of this state gave me the opportunity to do it and I don’t
+ know—well, let me just back up. You know, one of the humbling things about serving
+ is you’re there; you’re working on cases and you’re looking at cases from 1860,
+ trying to figure out what the law is today because it’s grounded in something that
+ took place back then. The idea that cases that I worked on when I was on the court
+ will be used one hundred fifty, two hundred years from now, that the law will be
+ grounded in something that I was a part of during my tenure, it’s almost overwhelming.\nJH:
+ It’s an awesome thought.\nAP: I just hope that I didn’t goof it up so that hopefully
+ what I did; what we did when I was on the court will make their jobs easier.\nJH:
+ Sure. A good note to end on.\nAP: Thank you.\nJH: Thank you, appreciate it. It was
+ good to talk to you Justice Page.\nAP: Good to see you, Jeff.\nEnd of Recording\n02:00:18
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+captions_ts: '{"1_fisppzr2":"1\n00:00:00.720 --> 00:00:05.680\nAll right. It''s\nFebruary
+ 19, 2019,\n\n2\n00:00:05.680 --> 00:00:07.600\nand I''m at the Continuing Legal\n\n3\n00:00:07.600
+ --> 00:00:10.320\nEducation Center\nin Minneapolis to\n\n4\n00:00:10.320 --> 00:00:12.040\nInterview
+ Retired\nMinnesota Supreme\n\n5\n00:00:12.040 --> 00:00:13.660\nCourt Justice Allen
+ Page\n\n6\n00:00:13.660 --> 00:00:17.140\nfor the Minnesota Supreme\nCourt Oral
+ History Project.\n\n7\n00:00:17.140 --> 00:00:19.380\nProject is sponsored\nby the
+ Minnesota\n\n8\n00:00:19.380 --> 00:00:21.019\nSupreme Court\nHistorical Society
+ and\n\n9\n00:00:21.019 --> 00:00:22.399\nits Preservation Committee in\n\n10\n00:00:22.399
+ --> 00:00:25.159\ncooperation with the\nMinnesota State Law Library.\n\n11\n00:00:25.159
+ --> 00:00:27.019\nMy name is Jeff Hol.\n\n12\n00:00:27.019 --> 00:00:29.160\nI''m
+ a practicing attorney\nhere in Minnesota,\n\n13\n00:00:29.160 --> 00:00:33.340\nand
+ I clerked for\nJustice Page 2012-2013,\n\n14\n00:00:33.340 --> 00:00:36.065\nand
+ I''ll be conducting\nthe interview today.\n\n15\n00:00:36.065 --> 00:00:37.790\nThank
+ you for coming today,\n\n16\n00:00:37.790 --> 00:00:39.450\nJustice Page and for\nagreeing
+ to share\n\n17\n00:00:39.450 --> 00:00:42.810\nyour experiences and insights\non
+ your years in the Court.\n\n18\n00:00:42.810 --> 00:00:45.449\nWell, thank you for
+ inviting\n\n19\n00:00:45.449 --> 00:00:48.110\nme and hopefully we can\nhave a fun
+ conversation.\n\n20\n00:00:48.110 --> 00:00:51.769\nAgreed. So let''s jump right
+ in.\n\n21\n00:00:51.769 --> 00:00:55.310\nI know you graduated from\nlaw school
+ in and around\n\n22\n00:00:55.310 --> 00:00:59.710\n1978 and served on the\nSupreme
+ Court 993-2015.\n\n23\n00:00:59.710 --> 00:01:01.869\nBut I want to start\nby asking
+ you about\n\n24\n00:01:01.869 --> 00:01:03.170\nyour earlier life before\n\n25\n00:01:03.170
+ --> 00:01:04.710\nwe talk about your\nyears on the Court.\n\n26\n00:01:04.710 -->
+ 00:01:07.570\nSure. So I wonder if you\ncould just start us off by\n\n27\n00:01:07.570
+ --> 00:01:08.690\ntalking a little bit\n\n28\n00:01:08.690 --> 00:01:12.140\nabout
+ your family and\nwhere you grew up.\n\n29\n00:01:12.140 --> 00:01:14.629\nWas born
+ in C Kenton, Ohio.\n\n30\n00:01:14.629 --> 00:01:17.309\nI was the fourth\nof four
+ children.\n\n31\n00:01:17.309 --> 00:01:25.949\nMy mother was a worked as an\nattendant
+ in a country club.\n\n32\n00:01:25.949 --> 00:01:30.189\nAnd my father various jobs\n\n33\n00:01:30.189
+ --> 00:01:37.530\nfrom operating jukeboxes to\n\n34\n00:01:37.530 --> 00:01:41.630\nrunning
+ a bar, that\nsort of thing.\n\n35\n00:01:43.190 --> 00:01:47.849\nI''d say I was
+ the fourth\nof four children.\n\n36\n00:01:47.849 --> 00:01:50.950\nTwo sisters
+ and a brother.\n\n37\n00:01:50.950 --> 00:01:51.670\nOkay.\n\n38\n00:01:51.670 -->
+ 00:02:02.589\nU My childhood was pretty\nhappy one, pretty uneventful.\n\n39\n00:02:02.589
+ --> 00:02:09.799\nNot Not much exciting\nto talk about.\n\n40\n00:02:09.920 -->
+ 00:02:14.280\nWe weren''t the\nwealthiest of families,\n\n41\n00:02:14.280 --> 00:02:16.619\nbut
+ we weren''t the post either.\n\n42\n00:02:16.619 --> 00:02:21.419\nMy parents neither
+ one\n\n43\n00:02:21.419 --> 00:02:26.260\nhad the opportunity to go to\nschool beyond
+ high school,\n\n44\n00:02:26.260 --> 00:02:30.999\nand they emphasized for me\nand
+ my brother and my sisters\n\n45\n00:02:30.999 --> 00:02:35.560\nthe importance of
+ education\n\n46\n00:02:35.560 --> 00:02:40.399\nand the importance of\nbeing good
+ citizens.\n\n47\n00:02:40.399 --> 00:02:43.259\nAnd in their own way,\n\n48\n00:02:43.259
+ --> 00:02:47.499\nsomething that I\nthink stuck with me.\n\n49\n00:02:47.499 -->
+ 00:02:49.799\nThey talked about and\n\n50\n00:02:49.799 --> 00:02:53.859\nemphasized
+ the importance\nof seeking excellence.\n\n51\n00:02:53.859 --> 00:02:56.459\nNow
+ they didn''t say it that way.\n\n52\n00:02:56.459 --> 00:02:59.679\nRight. But I
+ think\n\n53\n00:02:59.679 --> 00:03:03.619\nthat''s the bottom line of\nwhat they
+ were talking about.\n\n54\n00:03:03.619 --> 00:03:08.399\nThey would always and
+ I can\nhear them now telling me,\n\n55\n00:03:09.320 --> 00:03:11.499\nwhatever
+ you do in life,\n\n56\n00:03:11.499 --> 00:03:12.819\ndo it as well as you can.\n\n57\n00:03:12.819
+ --> 00:03:16.500\nMm. If you''re going to\nbe a garbage collector,\n\n58\n00:03:16.500
+ --> 00:03:19.899\nbe the best garbage\ncollector. You can be.\n\n59\n00:03:19.899
+ --> 00:03:23.380\nIf you''re going to be a doctor,\n\n60\n00:03:23.380 --> 00:03:25.599\nbe
+ the best doctor you can be.\n\n61\n00:03:25.599 --> 00:03:29.400\nNot as good as
+ the next\ndoctor or garbage collector,\n\n62\n00:03:29.400 --> 00:03:30.979\nbut
+ the best one you can be.\n\n63\n00:03:30.979 --> 00:03:38.399\nRight. And that''s
+ something\n\n64\n00:03:38.399 --> 00:03:43.239\nthat they preached and I think,\n\n65\n00:03:43.239
+ --> 00:03:44.840\nhas served me well over time.\n\n66\n00:03:44.840 --> 00:03:50.289\nYeah.
+ I think I recall\nyou talking about,\n\n67\n00:03:50.289 --> 00:03:52.349\nyou know,
+ at a pretty young age,\n\n68\n00:03:52.349 --> 00:03:56.869\nhaving some experiences\nor
+ influences that sort\n\n69\n00:03:56.869 --> 00:03:58.929\nof made you think that\nyou
+ might want to be\n\n70\n00:03:58.929 --> 00:04:01.530\na lawyer someday. Talk\nabout
+ that a little bit.\n\n71\n00:04:01.530 --> 00:04:05.069\nI very early on,\n\n72\n00:04:05.069
+ --> 00:04:08.769\num when, you know,\n\n73\n00:04:08.769 --> 00:04:10.309\nwhen
+ I was eight, nine,\n\n74\n00:04:10.309 --> 00:04:11.830\n10-years-old, people would
+ ask\n\n75\n00:04:11.830 --> 00:04:13.749\nme what I wanted to\ndo when I grew up.\n\n76\n00:04:13.749
+ --> 00:04:16.350\nAnd I would say I\nwanted to be a lawyer.\n\n77\n00:04:16.350
+ --> 00:04:19.709\nAnd, you know, what\n8-year-old knows?\n\n78\n00:04:19.709 -->
+ 00:04:23.070\nRight. Really what they want\nto do when they grow up.\n\n79\n00:04:23.070
+ --> 00:04:26.589\nBut as I noted,\n\n80\n00:04:26.589 --> 00:04:28.689\nI grew up
+ in Kenton, Ohio.\n\n81\n00:04:28.689 --> 00:04:34.769\nIt was a town built on heavy\nindustry,
+ primarily steel.\n\n82\n00:04:34.769 --> 00:04:37.030\nAnd I had an uncle who\n\n83\n00:04:37.030
+ --> 00:04:40.079\nspent 40 years working\nin the steel Mill.\n\n84\n00:04:40.079
+ --> 00:04:43.589\nAnd I knew intuitively\n\n85\n00:04:43.589 --> 00:04:47.470\nthat
+ that''s not something\nthat I wanted to do. Yeah.\n\n86\n00:04:47.470 --> 00:04:51.730\nI
+ mean, nothing wrong with\nworking in steel mills,\n\n87\n00:04:51.730 --> 00:04:55.629\nbut
+ from my 8-year-old eyes,\n\n88\n00:04:55.629 --> 00:04:58.150\nthe work was dirty.\n\n89\n00:04:58.150
+ --> 00:05:05.370\nIt was hard. It was\ndangerous and repetitious.\n\n90\n00:05:05.370
+ --> 00:05:11.130\nAnd somehow I knew that that\ndidn''t fit me. I''d heard\n\n91\n00:05:11.190
+ --> 00:05:18.890\nStories about lawyers,\nthat you know,\n\n92\n00:05:18.890 -->
+ 00:05:21.289\nfrom not that I\nknew any lawyers,\n\n93\n00:05:21.289 --> 00:05:23.189\nthat
+ had any lawyers\nin my family\n\n94\n00:05:23.189 --> 00:05:27.289\nor my family
+ really\nknew any lawyers.\n\n95\n00:05:27.289 --> 00:05:30.690\nYeah. But the impression
+ in\n\n96\n00:05:30.690 --> 00:05:32.030\nthe community I grew up\n\n97\n00:05:32.030
+ --> 00:05:34.689\nwas that lawyers\ndidn''t work too hard,\n\n98\n00:05:34.689 -->
+ 00:05:36.490\nmade lots of money,\n\n99\n00:05:36.490 --> 00:05:38.229\ndrove big
+ fancy cars,\n\n100\n00:05:38.229 --> 00:05:39.410\nlived in big houses,\n\n101\n00:05:39.410
+ --> 00:05:42.904\nand went out and played golf\nevery Wednesday afternoon.\n\n102\n00:05:42.904
+ --> 00:05:44.899\nWell, for the 8-year-old mind,\n\n103\n00:05:44.899 --> 00:05:50.640\nbalancing
+ fancy cars and\ndangerous and dirty work.\n\n104\n00:05:50.640 --> 00:05:52.699\nWhich
+ do I choose?\nWhich do I choose?\n\n105\n00:05:52.699 --> 00:05:54.719\nIt becomes
+ real simple.\n\n106\n00:05:54.719 --> 00:05:58.759\nI also grew up watching\nPerry
+ Mason. Mm hmm.\n\n107\n00:05:58.759 --> 00:06:04.439\nAnd so I had a very\nrudimentary
+ sense\n\n108\n00:06:04.439 --> 00:06:08.379\nof what the law is about\nfrom that
+ television show.\n\n109\n00:06:08.379 --> 00:06:16.999\nAnd finally, something that,\ninfluenced
+ me greatly.\n\n110\n00:06:16.999 --> 00:06:18.600\nYou have to remember that I grew\n\n111\n00:06:18.600
+ --> 00:06:23.239\nup I was 8-year-old,\n8-years-old in 1954?\n\n112\n00:06:23.239
+ --> 00:06:28.060\nRight. At the time,\n\n113\n00:06:28.060 --> 00:06:35.539\nour
+ country was grounded in\nstate sponsored segregation.\n\n114\n00:06:35.580 --> 00:06:40.669\nAnd
+ In 1954,\n\n115\n00:06:40.669 --> 00:06:42.029\nthe Supreme Court decided\n\n116\n00:06:42.029
+ --> 00:06:44.249\nBrown versus the\nBoard of Education.\n\n117\n00:06:44.249 -->
+ 00:06:46.890\nI can remember reading\n\n118\n00:06:46.890 --> 00:06:50.810\nnewspaper
+ stories about\nhearing people talk about it.\n\n119\n00:06:50.810 --> 00:06:57.249\nAnd
+ again, not that I\nunderstood it fully,\n\n120\n00:06:57.249 --> 00:07:01.350\nbut
+ it gave me a sense\nof the power that\n\n121\n00:07:01.350 --> 00:07:07.030\nthe
+ law has that if\n\n122\n00:07:07.030 --> 00:07:10.790\nthe courts through the law\n\n123\n00:07:10.790
+ --> 00:07:15.429\ncould essentially\nsound the death knell\n\n124\n00:07:15.429
+ --> 00:07:19.790\nfor state sponsored segregation.\n\n125\n00:07:20.230 --> 00:07:29.329\nIt
+ had the power to change\nhow people treat one another.\n\n126\n00:07:29.329 -->
+ 00:07:31.990\nYeah. And that''s something\n\n127\n00:07:31.990 --> 00:07:36.930\nthat
+ I grew up and\nhad an interest in.\n\n128\n00:07:36.930 --> 00:07:39.550\nAs I got
+ older,\n\n129\n00:07:40.070 --> 00:07:42.830\nI was disabused of\n\n130\n00:07:42.830
+ --> 00:07:45.990\nthe idea that lawyers\ndidn''t work hard.\n\n131\n00:07:47.080
+ --> 00:07:51.020\nOr that they necessarily\nmade lots and lots of money.\n\n132\n00:07:51.020
+ --> 00:07:55.299\nRight. But I also developed\n\n133\n00:07:55.299 --> 00:07:57.360\nthe
+ sense that the law\n\n134\n00:07:57.400 --> 00:08:00.700\nwas about solving problems\nand
+ helping people.\n\n135\n00:08:00.700 --> 00:08:07.900\nYeah. And that''s also something\nthat
+ resonated with me.\n\n136\n00:08:07.900 --> 00:08:08.839\nYeah.\n\n137\n00:08:08.839
+ --> 00:08:15.260\nAnd so That was\n\n138\n00:08:15.260 --> 00:08:17.780\nsort of
+ my dream for the future\n\n139\n00:08:17.780 --> 00:08:22.560\nand never lost it,\nnever
+ lost it.\n\n140\n00:08:22.560 --> 00:08:25.899\nAnd again, you know,\n\n141\n00:08:25.899
+ --> 00:08:28.660\n1954, there was Brown.\n\n142\n00:08:28.660 --> 00:08:31.979\nRight.
+ Along the way,\n\n143\n00:08:31.979 --> 00:08:39.020\nthere were there\nwas Little
+ Rock.\n\n144\n00:08:39.020 --> 00:08:42.419\nThere was Birmingham, there\n\n145\n00:08:42.419
+ --> 00:08:47.480\nwere full blown Civil\nRights movement,\n\n146\n00:08:47.480 -->
+ 00:08:51.919\nan effort to change\n\n147\n00:08:53.980 --> 00:08:57.340\nor address
+ issues\nof race in ways\n\n148\n00:08:57.340 --> 00:09:00.040\nthat hadn''t been\nsuccessful
+ in the past?\n\n149\n00:09:00.040 --> 00:09:07.339\nYeah. And I''m sure that\n\n150\n00:09:07.339
+ --> 00:09:11.139\nall had some bearing\non my sense of\n\n151\n00:09:11.139 -->
+ 00:09:12.579\nwhat the law is about and\n\n152\n00:09:12.579 --> 00:09:15.360\nwhat
+ could be done with the law.\n\n153\n00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:18.889\nYeah. You know,\n\n154\n00:09:18.889
+ --> 00:09:21.249\nthinking about Brown\nB board specifically,\n\n155\n00:09:21.249
+ --> 00:09:23.690\nI mean, what was Canton\n\n156\n00:09:23.690 --> 00:09:26.570\nlike
+ growing up sort of in\nterms of a racial makeup,\n\n157\n00:09:26.570 --> 00:09:30.429\nwas
+ it a pretty segregated\nin fact city? Absolutely.\n\n158\n00:09:30.429 --> 00:09:33.730\nYeah.
+ Absolutely. You knew\nwhere you belonged and didn''t\n\n159\n00:09:33.730 --> 00:09:40.610\nbelong
+ and it''s interesting.\n\n160\n00:09:40.610 --> 00:09:43.829\nI didn''t grow up\nin
+ an area where\n\n161\n00:09:43.829 --> 00:09:47.330\nthe segregation was race\nspun
+ or was state sponsored.\n\n162\n00:09:47.330 --> 00:09:50.910\nRight. But in practical
+ effect,\n\n163\n00:09:50.910 --> 00:09:53.890\nit might as well have been.\n\n164\n00:09:54.550
+ --> 00:09:59.589\nSo let''s talk briefly about\nCentral Catholic High school,\n\n165\n00:09:59.589
+ --> 00:10:03.190\nkind of your high school\nexperience in Canton,\n\n166\n00:10:03.190
+ --> 00:10:05.529\nwas it the plan\nfor you to kind of\n\n167\n00:10:05.529 --> 00:10:07.349\nattend
+ Central Catholic because\n\n168\n00:10:07.349 --> 00:10:09.189\nyour family did
+ or was\nit football related\n\n169\n00:10:09.189 --> 00:10:11.590\nor what was the
+ kind of\nthe trajectory there?\n\n170\n00:10:11.590 --> 00:10:15.870\nWell, I our
+ family\n\n171\n00:10:15.870 --> 00:10:19.650\nmoved from Canton out\ninto the countryside.\n\n172\n00:10:19.650
+ --> 00:10:21.089\nOkay.\n\n173\n00:10:21.089 --> 00:10:25.669\nWith an East Canton\nOhio
+ address,\n\n174\n00:10:25.670 --> 00:10:30.549\nbecause my parents felt that\n\n175\n00:10:31.600
+ --> 00:10:36.399\nThe education available in\n\n176\n00:10:36.399 --> 00:10:40.479\nthe
+ Canton City Schools wasn''t\nwhat they wanted for us.\n\n177\n00:10:40.580 --> 00:10:44.399\nAnd
+ my two older sisters,\n\n178\n00:10:44.399 --> 00:10:47.739\ninterestingly, didn''t
+ decide to\n\n179\n00:10:47.739 --> 00:10:49.559\ngo to school in East C Kenton.\n\n180\n00:10:49.559
+ --> 00:10:54.359\nThey and along with my\nparents concluded that\n\n181\n00:10:54.359
+ --> 00:10:55.759\nKenton Central Catholic had\n\n182\n00:10:55.759 --> 00:11:00.299\nthe
+ best possible education\nMm for our circumstances.\n\n183\n00:11:00.299 --> 00:11:05.020\nAnd
+ so they ended up going\nto Central Catholic.\n\n184\n00:11:05.020 --> 00:11:06.259\nOkay.\n\n185\n00:11:06.300
+ --> 00:11:13.159\nAnd then my brother who\nwas ahead of me, he went.\n\n186\n00:11:13.159
+ --> 00:11:17.520\nAnd so I was destined to follow.\n\n187\n00:11:17.520 --> 00:11:27.019\nAnd
+ I before I got\nto high school.\n\n188\n00:11:27.019 --> 00:11:31.780\nI hadn''t
+ really I wasn''t much\nof an athlete and as a kid.\n\n189\n00:11:31.780 --> 00:11:35.199\nI
+ wasn''t one of those kids\nthat everybody sort of\n\n190\n00:11:35.199 --> 00:11:38.880\nsought
+ after to come\nand be on their team.\n\n191\n00:11:39.080 --> 00:11:43.100\nBut
+ my brother went\nout for football,\n\n192\n00:11:43.100 --> 00:11:46.979\nand so
+ when I got\nthere, I went out.\n\n193\n00:11:46.979 --> 00:11:50.119\nAnd as it
+ turns out,\n\n194\n00:11:50.119 --> 00:11:52.989\nI evidently had some\naptitude
+ for it.\n\n195\n00:11:52.989 --> 00:11:54.799\nI''ve heard you use that phrase,\n\n196\n00:11:54.799
+ --> 00:11:56.459\nhave some aptitude\nfor it before, right?\n\n197\n00:11:56.459
+ --> 00:12:00.239\nYeah. So in terms\nof high school,\n\n198\n00:12:00.239 --> 00:12:02.559\ndo
+ you remember having an\nearly interest in sort of\n\n199\n00:12:02.559 --> 00:12:04.680\nthe
+ lawn politics and\nthose sort of things\n\n200\n00:12:04.680 --> 00:12:07.359\nor
+ were you still sort of\nnavigating and not quite sure?\n\n201\n00:12:07.359 -->
+ 00:12:10.219\nI think I was always\ninterested in Yeah.\n\n202\n00:12:10.219 -->
+ 00:12:14.779\nIn politics. From very early on.\n\n203\n00:12:16.660 --> 00:12:19.020\nBut
+ only in the sense\n\n204\n00:12:19.020 --> 00:12:24.359\nof trying to figure out
+ how\nit works to help people?\n\n205\n00:12:24.359 --> 00:12:28.000\nYeah. I never
+ had much\n\n206\n00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:32.980\ninterested in politics\nfor politics
+ sake.\n\n207\n00:12:35.020 --> 00:12:39.499\nAnd so when I got\nto high school,\n\n208\n00:12:39.499
+ --> 00:12:42.799\nI mean, the courses\nI loved were,\n\n209\n00:12:42.799 --> 00:12:46.259\nyou
+ know, back then,\nit was civics.\n\n210\n00:12:46.259 --> 00:12:48.879\nMm and government.\n\n211\n00:12:48.879
+ --> 00:12:51.780\nYeah. Those kind of classes.\n\n212\n00:12:53.080 --> 00:12:56.119\nSo
+ is there a point you\n\n213\n00:12:56.119 --> 00:12:58.259\nplay football at Central\nCatholic
+ and Yes.\n\n214\n00:12:58.259 --> 00:13:02.099\nIs there a point\neven in high school,\n\n215\n00:13:02.099
+ --> 00:13:07.439\nwhere you think that\nfootball could be used as\n\n216\n00:13:07.439
+ --> 00:13:12.959\na as a way to pursue\nan education,\n\n217\n00:13:12.959 --> 00:13:17.079\nor
+ does that realization not\nhappen until a bit later?\n\n218\n00:13:17.079 --> 00:13:24.320\nYou
+ know, Growing up in Canton,\n\n219\n00:13:24.320 --> 00:13:33.240\nthere was this
+ conflict between\nathletics and academics.\n\n220\n00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:43.039\nYeah.
+ There was a very strong\nemphasis on athletics,\n\n221\n00:13:43.039 --> 00:13:47.060\nparticularly
+ in the African\nAmerican community.\n\n222\n00:13:47.060 --> 00:13:51.659\nAnd so
+ I''m growing up,\n\n223\n00:13:51.659 --> 00:13:55.299\nnot much interested\nin
+ football and\n\n224\n00:13:55.299 --> 00:14:01.119\nseeing an inordinate\nnumber
+ of young men\n\n225\n00:14:01.119 --> 00:14:08.640\nwho had guess what\n\n226\n00:14:08.640
+ --> 00:14:11.299\nyou would call Stellar High\nSchool football careers?\n\n227\n00:14:11.299
+ --> 00:14:14.959\nYeah. Go off to college for\ntwo, three, four years,\n\n228\n00:14:14.959
+ --> 00:14:17.939\ncome back to Canton,\nhang out and ended\n\n229\n00:14:17.939
+ --> 00:14:19.380\nup hanging out on\nthe street corner\n\n230\n00:14:19.380 -->
+ 00:14:21.219\nunemployed and unemployable.\n\n231\n00:14:21.219 --> 00:14:24.699\nAnd,
+ you know, I that\ndidn''t make sense to me.\n\n232\n00:14:24.699 --> 00:14:28.239\nYeah.
+ I couldn''t figure out.\n\n233\n00:14:28.239 --> 00:14:31.499\nAnd this was before
+ I\nstarted playing football.\n\n234\n00:14:31.499 --> 00:14:32.319\nYeah.\n\n235\n00:14:32.319
+ --> 00:14:41.519\nUm then I started\nplaying as I say,\n\n236\n00:14:41.519 -->
+ 00:14:44.839\nmore by accident than by design.\n\n237\n00:14:44.839 --> 00:14:51.239\nAnd
+ I loved playing,\n\n238\n00:14:51.239 --> 00:14:54.839\nbut I was just playing\nfootball
+ because I loved it,\n\n239\n00:14:54.839 --> 00:14:57.479\nnot for any other purpose.\n\n240\n00:14:57.479
+ --> 00:15:06.299\nYeah. By the time\nI was a you know,\n\n241\n00:15:06.940 -->
+ 00:15:12.639\nSophomore junior, there was\n\n242\n00:15:12.639 --> 00:15:14.559\ntalk
+ that I might be able to\n\n243\n00:15:14.559 --> 00:15:18.899\nobtain an athletic
+ scholarship.\n\n244\n00:15:22.590 --> 00:15:26.929\nAnd so I suppose that\naround
+ that time,\n\n245\n00:15:26.929 --> 00:15:29.609\nI started thinking about\nit,
+ it could be used.\n\n246\n00:15:29.609 --> 00:15:38.370\nRight. One of the in hindsight,\n\n247\n00:15:38.370
+ --> 00:15:44.949\none of the disappointments\nwhen I look back is\n\n248\n00:15:44.949
+ --> 00:15:54.629\nthat while I did okay as\na student in high school,\n\n249\n00:15:56.470
+ --> 00:16:01.429\nDid okay as a student\n\n250\n00:16:01.429 --> 00:16:04.589\nin
+ elementary and\njunior high school.\n\n251\n00:16:06.310 --> 00:16:08.970\nI did
+ it the easy way.\n\n252\n00:16:08.970 --> 00:16:14.949\nI I didn''t essentially,\n\n253\n00:16:14.949
+ --> 00:16:18.210\nI didn''t wasn''t there\nto learn how to learn.\n\n254\n00:16:18.210
+ --> 00:16:20.089\nI I wasn''t there to do the work.\n\n255\n00:16:20.089 --> 00:16:25.289\nAnd
+ I could do the work\nwithout learning how to learn?\n\n256\n00:16:25.289 --> 00:16:26.829\nYeah.
+ I could, you know,\n\n257\n00:16:26.829 --> 00:16:28.609\nanswer the questions and\n\n258\n00:16:28.609
+ --> 00:16:31.729\nwork through the math\nproblems and all of that.\n\n259\n00:16:31.729
+ --> 00:16:35.739\nBut you simply because you\n\n260\n00:16:35.739 --> 00:16:37.940\ncan
+ do the work doesn''t\n\n261\n00:16:37.940 --> 00:16:39.680\nmean that you''re really\nlearning
+ a whole lot.\n\n262\n00:16:39.680 --> 00:16:43.840\nMm. And I think the\nimportant
+ part of what goes\n\n263\n00:16:43.840 --> 00:16:45.859\non in schools in\n\n264\n00:16:45.859
+ --> 00:16:48.619\nthe education process is\nlearning how to learn.\n\n265\n00:16:48.619
+ --> 00:16:49.679\nYeah.\n\n266\n00:16:49.679 --> 00:16:54.779\nAnd so I sort of
+ missed that.\n\n267\n00:16:56.100 --> 00:17:01.099\nAnd so as in high school,\n\n268\n00:17:01.099
+ --> 00:17:04.100\nthe work got more difficult.\n\n269\n00:17:04.100 --> 00:17:07.099\nI
+ still, you know,\n\n270\n00:17:10.120 --> 00:17:13.239\nthrive to some degree.\n\n271\n00:17:13.239
+ --> 00:17:19.079\nBut had I learned how\nto learn early on,\n\n272\n00:17:19.600
+ --> 00:17:23.979\nI think I mean, I was\nfocused on going to school\n\n273\n00:17:23.979
+ --> 00:17:25.899\nbeyond high school\nbecause that was\n\n274\n00:17:25.899 -->
+ 00:17:29.079\nthe emphasis my parents placed.\n\n275\n00:17:29.079 --> 00:17:36.639\nBut
+ if I had\n\n276\n00:17:38.720 --> 00:17:43.040\nsort of made that connection\n\n277\n00:17:43.040
+ --> 00:17:46.119\nto learning how to\nlearn early on.\n\n278\n00:17:46.119 --> 00:17:52.800\nI
+ might have had a little\nmore success academically.\n\n279\n00:17:53.400 --> 00:18:01.459\nNo
+ I don''t focus on that\nso much because, you know,\n\n280\n00:18:01.459 --> 00:18:05.899\nI
+ could have been done\nbetter in school,\n\n281\n00:18:05.899 --> 00:18:09.279\nbut
+ I would have been better\nprepared for the future.\n\n282\n00:18:09.279 --> 00:18:15.759\nRight.
+ As it turned out,\n\n283\n00:18:15.759 --> 00:18:18.399\nand I did okay. Yeah.\n\n284\n00:18:18.399
+ --> 00:18:22.879\nAnd ended up receiving a number\n\n285\n00:18:22.879 --> 00:18:27.399\nof
+ scholarship offers,\nathletic scholarship offers.\n\n286\n00:18:27.399 --> 00:18:34.900\nI
+ think had I had that Had\nI learned how to learn,\n\n287\n00:18:34.900 --> 00:18:37.539\nthere
+ might have been some\nacademic scholarships.\n\n288\n00:18:37.539 --> 00:18:39.600\nYeah.
+ In that Q also.\n\n289\n00:18:39.600 --> 00:18:44.939\nRight. Which gives\nyou choices,
+ right?\n\n290\n00:18:44.939 --> 00:18:48.899\nSure. But I had\n\n291\n00:18:48.899
+ --> 00:18:53.200\nthe opportunity to choose among\nsome pretty good schools,\n\n292\n00:18:53.200
+ --> 00:18:58.279\nand ultimately selected the\nUniversity of Notre Dame.\n\n293\n00:18:58.279
+ --> 00:19:01.400\nSo it''s a good\ntransition to Notre Dame\n\n294\n00:19:01.400
+ --> 00:19:04.579\nand talk a little bit about\nyour time in college.\n\n295\n00:19:04.579
+ --> 00:19:07.200\nWhy Notre Dame?\n\n296\n00:19:09.970 --> 00:19:12.229\nPrimarily
+ because of\n\n297\n00:19:12.229 --> 00:19:18.829\nits academic reputation\nand because
+ of\n\n298\n00:19:18.829 --> 00:19:25.709\nits reputation in terms\n\n299\n00:19:25.709
+ --> 00:19:32.410\nof how it interacted\nwith its alumni.\n\n300\n00:19:34.210 -->
+ 00:19:39.590\nThey have an incredible\n\n301\n00:19:39.590 --> 00:19:41.169\nhad
+ then and continue to\n\n302\n00:19:41.169 --> 00:19:44.429\nhave an incredible\nalumni
+ association.\n\n303\n00:19:44.429 --> 00:19:53.569\nYeah, which provides any\nnumber
+ of benefits to\n\n304\n00:19:53.569 --> 00:19:58.349\npeople who graduate\nfrom
+ there in terms\n\n305\n00:19:58.349 --> 00:20:04.210\nof employment opportunities\nand
+ other kinds of support.\n\n306\n00:20:04.210 --> 00:20:09.159\nAnd um You know,\n\n307\n00:20:09.159
+ --> 00:20:12.479\nas they say that the schools\nthat I was choosing from,\n\n308\n00:20:12.479
+ --> 00:20:13.920\nthey were all good schools.\n\n309\n00:20:13.920 --> 00:20:15.120\nI
+ mean, it was Purdue,\n\n310\n00:20:15.120 --> 00:20:16.360\nit was Michigan state,\n\n311\n00:20:16.360
+ --> 00:20:23.680\nit was Michigan\nMinnesota Ohio state.\n\n312\n00:20:23.680 -->
+ 00:20:28.100\nSo it wasn''t like they didn''t\n\n313\n00:20:28.100 --> 00:20:33.800\nhave
+ some of the things that\nNotre Dame had to offer.\n\n314\n00:20:33.800 --> 00:20:39.359\nBut
+ it It was it\nwas sort of looking\n\n315\n00:20:39.359 --> 00:20:45.400\nbeyond
+ the college years.\n\n316\n00:20:45.400 --> 00:20:52.419\nThat was, I think, ultimately\nthe
+ deciding factor.\n\n317\n00:20:53.540 --> 00:20:58.139\nThat coupled with, I\nhad
+ no interest in\n\n318\n00:20:58.139 --> 00:21:02.900\ngoing to Ohio State.\nWho
+ knows why?\n\n319\n00:21:03.900 --> 00:21:05.939\nAnd\n\n320\n00:21:10.410 --> 00:21:17.089\nNotre
+ Dame also had this\nreputation football wise.\n\n321\n00:21:17.089 --> 00:21:24.569\nSure.
+ That at least at the time,\n\n322\n00:21:24.570 --> 00:21:30.869\nwas about as good
+ as it.\n\n323\n00:21:30.869 --> 00:21:39.579\nYeah. I to to be a\nBlack kid from
+ Canton,\n\n324\n00:21:39.579 --> 00:21:46.399\nOhio going to play a in the\nhouse
+ that Newt Rockne built.\n\n325\n00:21:46.399 --> 00:21:53.200\nYeah. That''s sort
+ of put\nstars in your eyes. For sure.\n\n326\n00:21:53.200 --> 00:21:55.739\nSo
+ was that an exciting I mean,\n\n327\n00:21:55.739 --> 00:21:57.780\nexciting time,
+ I would\nsuspect, in a lot of ways,\n\n328\n00:21:57.780 --> 00:21:59.639\nwas it
+ a nerve racking\ntime transitioning\n\n329\n00:21:59.639 --> 00:22:01.360\nfrom
+ Canton and leaving home\n\n330\n00:22:01.360 --> 00:22:05.759\nor It was it was
+ an exciting\ntime, a very difficult time.\n\n331\n00:22:05.759 --> 00:22:12.059\nI
+ you know, just going\nback to Central Catholic.\n\n332\n00:22:12.059 --> 00:22:19.479\nSure.
+ I was one of two,\n\n333\n00:22:19.479 --> 00:22:21.719\nI think, maybe three,\n\n334\n00:22:21.719
+ --> 00:22:27.699\nmaybe four African American\nkids in my graduating class.\n\n335\n00:22:29.260
+ --> 00:22:31.719\nGoing off to Notre Dame,\n\n336\n00:22:31.719 --> 00:22:34.359\nit
+ was going to be, you know,\n\n337\n00:22:34.359 --> 00:22:37.339\nthere were a few
+ more,\nbut not many more.\n\n338\n00:22:37.339 --> 00:22:48.179\nRight. So and it
+ was at a time,\n\n339\n00:22:50.600 --> 00:22:56.580\nthat sort of our\nnational
+ economy\n\n340\n00:22:56.580 --> 00:22:58.500\nwas in sort of a\ndownward spiral.\n\n341\n00:22:58.500
+ --> 00:23:02.159\nMm. And Notre Dame is,\n\n342\n00:23:02.159 --> 00:23:04.980\nyou
+ know, is in\nSouth Bend, Indiana.\n\n343\n00:23:04.980 --> 00:23:10.479\nAnd they
+ were also a heavy\nindustry town and one of\n\n344\n00:23:10.479 --> 00:23:17.209\nthe
+ One of the main employers\nthere was Stuter Baker,\n\n345\n00:23:17.209 --> 00:23:19.449\nthe
+ auto manufacturer. Yeah.\n\n346\n00:23:19.449 --> 00:23:21.589\nAnd they went out
+ of\n\n347\n00:23:21.589 --> 00:23:24.670\nbusiness just about\nthe time I got there.\n\n348\n00:23:25.310
+ --> 00:23:29.509\nIt was my first time\naway from home, really.\n\n349\n00:23:29.509
+ --> 00:23:32.670\nI then a kid who''d\ngone off to camp\n\n350\n00:23:32.670 -->
+ 00:23:36.450\nand spent any time\naway from home.\n\n351\n00:23:36.450 --> 00:23:39.610\nSo
+ it was all new to me. Mm hmm.\n\n352\n00:23:39.610 --> 00:23:46.510\nU And it was
+ also,\n\n353\n00:23:49.390 --> 00:23:52.569\nyou know, the first\ntime that I''d
+ really\n\n354\n00:23:52.569 --> 00:23:55.829\nbeen put in a position where\nI''m
+ responsible for myself.\n\n355\n00:23:55.829 --> 00:23:58.729\nAs every kid who
+ goes\noff the school is.\n\n356\n00:23:58.729 --> 00:24:00.310\nThat''s a big change.\n\n357\n00:24:00.310
+ --> 00:24:05.830\nA huge change. And\nso it was difficult.\n\n358\n00:24:05.830
+ --> 00:24:12.549\nAnd one of the things\nI didn''t realize was,\n\n359\n00:24:17.240
+ --> 00:24:21.059\nNotre Dame was not\n\n360\n00:24:21.059 --> 00:24:26.479\nthe
+ most progressive\nplace to go to school.\n\n361\n00:24:26.479 --> 00:24:30.439\nAnd
+ so that was\n\n362\n00:24:30.439 --> 00:24:33.439\nsomething that was a\nlittle
+ different for me,\n\n363\n00:24:33.439 --> 00:24:35.539\nand having to adjust to
+ that.\n\n364\n00:24:35.539 --> 00:24:38.019\nYeah. I think it was there\n\n365\n00:24:38.019
+ --> 00:24:40.479\nwere some difficult transitions.\n\n366\n00:24:41.120 --> 00:24:44.620\nI
+ was speaking to\nkind of the economy\n\n367\n00:24:44.620 --> 00:24:47.839\nin a
+ downturn, thinking\nabout that time,\n\n368\n00:24:47.839 --> 00:24:49.600\ntoo,
+ and in a lot of ways,\n\n369\n00:24:49.600 --> 00:24:52.079\nthe Civil Rights Movement\nis
+ sort of at its apex,\n\n370\n00:24:52.079 --> 00:24:53.779\nand the Civil Right,\n\n371\n00:24:53.779
+ --> 00:24:55.180\nyou know, the Voting Rights Act.\n\n372\n00:24:55.180 --> 00:24:56.719\nAnd
+ so was that a part of\n\n373\n00:24:56.719 --> 00:24:59.019\nthe kind of the\ncampus
+ conversation,\n\n374\n00:24:59.019 --> 00:25:02.519\nor do you recall\nanything
+ about that?\n\n375\n00:25:02.920 --> 00:25:07.560\nNot a little bit, but not much.\n\n376\n00:25:07.560
+ --> 00:25:15.870\nYou know, and Being on\nthe football team there,\n\n377\n00:25:15.870
+ --> 00:25:18.630\nyou really weren''t necessarily\n\n378\n00:25:18.630 --> 00:25:21.569\nthat
+ much a part of the\ncampus conversation.\n\n379\n00:25:21.569 --> 00:25:24.430\nEven
+ though you were you lived\n\n380\n00:25:24.430 --> 00:25:27.709\nin the dorms with
+ everybody\nelse and went to Yeah,\n\n381\n00:25:27.709 --> 00:25:29.230\nmeals with
+ everybody else\n\n382\n00:25:29.230 --> 00:25:35.070\nand went to classes\nwith
+ everybody else.\n\n383\n00:25:35.470 --> 00:25:41.030\nYour focal point was football.\n\n384\n00:25:41.030
+ --> 00:25:47.350\nAnd so you weren''t\nreally much connected.\n\n385\n00:25:50.460
+ --> 00:25:53.679\nIt was really kind of\nan interesting time in\n\n386\n00:25:53.679
+ --> 00:25:56.799\nthat respect because, I mean,\n\n387\n00:25:56.799 --> 00:26:00.599\nthe
+ civil rights movement\n\n388\n00:26:00.599 --> 00:26:06.999\nwas going through some\nchallenging
+ times.\n\n389\n00:26:06.999 --> 00:26:10.719\nYeah. About the same time\n\n390\n00:26:10.719
+ --> 00:26:17.159\nthe Vietnam War protest started.\n\n391\n00:26:17.159 --> 00:26:19.819\nMm
+ hm. And so it''s sort of like\n\n392\n00:26:19.819 --> 00:26:24.279\nyou''re in
+ this bubble\nlooking out on all of this.\n\n393\n00:26:24.279 --> 00:26:26.379\nUm\n\n394\n00:26:30.040
+ --> 00:26:33.499\nAnd not having a direct\nconnection to it,\n\n395\n00:26:33.499
+ --> 00:26:35.659\nbut having the opportunity\nto at least see it.\n\n396\n00:26:35.659
+ --> 00:26:40.259\nYeah. And think about\nit, but not engage.\n\n397\n00:26:40.259
+ --> 00:26:42.179\nWell, it''s interesting\nyou mentioned that,\n\n398\n00:26:42.179
+ --> 00:26:43.700\nbecause if you yeah,\n\n399\n00:26:43.700 --> 00:26:46.040\nthinking
+ about it, the\nfocus on football,\n\n400\n00:26:46.040 --> 00:26:49.460\nand you''re
+ a young kid\nstill in transitioning,\n\n401\n00:26:49.460 --> 00:26:53.509\nso maybe
+ not a lot of capacity\n\n402\n00:26:53.509 --> 00:26:55.429\nfor a lot of other
+ stuff\n\n403\n00:26:55.429 --> 00:26:58.630\nthat''s the focus\nin a lot of ways.\n\n404\n00:26:58.710
+ --> 00:27:02.669\nEven if you had the instinct,\n\n405\n00:27:02.669 --> 00:27:05.549\nhm,
+ they took up your time.\n\n406\n00:27:05.549 --> 00:27:07.689\nYeah. And your energy,\n\n407\n00:27:07.689
+ --> 00:27:10.810\nboth physical and emotional.\n\n408\n00:27:10.810 --> 00:27:12.069\nYeah.\n\n409\n00:27:19.270
+ --> 00:27:23.970\nAnd so it was in that respect,\n\n410\n00:27:23.970 --> 00:27:26.830\nI
+ missed out on a lot.\n\n411\n00:27:27.510 --> 00:27:36.849\nBut, you know, I I can''t\nremember
+ the precise timing.\n\n412\n00:27:36.849 --> 00:27:41.729\nBut my freshman year,\n\n413\n00:27:41.729
+ --> 00:27:44.069\nthe start of my freshman year,\n\n414\n00:27:44.069 --> 00:27:47.970\nwent
+ to football training camp\n\n415\n00:27:47.970 --> 00:27:51.209\na couple of weeks\nbefore
+ school started.\n\n416\n00:27:51.209 --> 00:27:54.869\nAnd I think we got there\neither
+ just before or just\n\n417\n00:27:54.869 --> 00:28:00.110\nafter the March in Washington.\n\n418\n00:28:01.590
+ --> 00:28:07.009\nI think school had started\nby the time the bombing at\n\n419\n00:28:07.009
+ --> 00:28:12.689\nthe 16th Street Baptist Church\noccurred in Birmingham.\n\n420\n00:28:12.689
+ --> 00:28:16.909\nAnd so you had all of\nthese things going on.\n\n421\n00:28:19.590
+ --> 00:28:23.089\nAs I noted that you''re sort\nof watching from afar.\n\n422\n00:28:23.089
+ --> 00:28:30.369\nYeah. And understanding\nthat they affect you,\n\n423\n00:28:30.369
+ --> 00:28:34.090\nbut sort of not directly?\n\n424\n00:28:34.090 --> 00:28:36.249\nFeeling
+ removed a little bit.\n\n425\n00:28:36.249 --> 00:28:46.510\nYeah. While the focus
+ on\nfootball bore some fruit.\n\n426\n00:28:46.510 --> 00:28:50.109\nNational Championship\nwas
+ it your senior year?\n\n427\n00:28:50.109 --> 00:28:54.230\nYes. I I should note.\n\n428\n00:28:56.030
+ --> 00:28:59.069\nI think it was in the\n\n429\n00:29:03.280 --> 00:29:05.879\nI
+ think it was still while I was\n\n430\n00:29:05.879 --> 00:29:10.000\nthere or or
+ he was\nplanning to come.\n\n431\n00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:12.379\nOne of our speakers,\n\n432\n00:29:12.379
+ --> 00:29:14.579\none of the people who\nwas coming to campus to\n\n433\n00:29:14.579
+ --> 00:29:16.739\nspeak with George Wallace.\n\n434\n00:29:16.739 --> 00:29:21.100\nAh.
+ That got people engaged.\n\n435\n00:29:21.100 --> 00:29:24.320\nI got some attention.\nThat
+ got some attention.\n\n436\n00:29:24.400 --> 00:29:26.320\nDid did he come?\n\n437\n00:29:26.320
+ --> 00:29:30.079\nDo you remember I''m\n\n438\n00:29:30.079 --> 00:29:32.059\npretty
+ sure it was while\nI was still there.\n\n439\n00:29:32.059 --> 00:29:36.999\nInteresting.
+ Needless to\nsay I didn''t attend. Yeah.\n\n440\n00:29:37.520 --> 00:29:47.010\nProbably
+ not a\nregret. No. So you''re\n\n441\n00:29:47.010 --> 00:29:49.810\ndrafted by
+ the Vikings\n\n442\n00:29:49.810 --> 00:29:53.830\nkind of at the close of\nyour
+ career at Notre Dame.\n\n443\n00:29:54.190 --> 00:29:57.549\nAnd kind of, you know,\nmoving
+ ahead a little bit,\n\n444\n00:29:57.549 --> 00:29:59.090\nthere''s obviously lots
+ to talk\n\n445\n00:29:59.090 --> 00:30:01.149\nabout that we could\ntalk about with
+ respect\n\n446\n00:30:01.149 --> 00:30:06.569\nto your professional career\nin the
+ NFL and It happened.\n\n447\n00:30:06.569 --> 00:30:07.829\nIt happened. It happened.\n\n448\n00:30:07.829
+ --> 00:30:09.749\nYou''ve talked about\na little bit, right?\n\n449\n00:30:09.749
+ --> 00:30:14.409\nBut I want to focus\non just what kind of\n\n450\n00:30:14.409
+ --> 00:30:16.709\none unique aspect that\nI was interested about\n\n451\n00:30:16.709
+ --> 00:30:20.549\nwas your participation in\nthe NFL Players Association.\n\n452\n00:30:21.750
+ --> 00:30:24.929\nSo it''s something\nthat I, you know,\n\n453\n00:30:24.929 -->
+ 00:30:26.750\nI know you''ve talked\nabout before,\n\n454\n00:30:26.750 --> 00:30:28.330\nbut
+ I don''t you don''t\nhear it quite as often,\n\n455\n00:30:28.330 --> 00:30:30.589\ntoo.
+ So I was just curious.\n\n456\n00:30:30.990 --> 00:30:33.550\nYou''re playing with
+ the Vikings.\n\n457\n00:30:33.550 --> 00:30:35.929\nHow do you get involved in\nthe
+ players association\n\n458\n00:30:35.929 --> 00:30:38.010\nand what sort of your
+ role?\n\n459\n00:30:38.010 --> 00:30:45.149\nWell, the there had\n\n460\n00:30:45.149
+ --> 00:30:53.109\nbeen This is a long,\ncomplicated story. Okay.\n\n461\n00:30:53.109
+ --> 00:30:56.729\nLong too complicated for\nhere. It''s a big question.\n\n462\n00:30:57.610
+ --> 00:31:01.530\nThere had been various efforts\n\n463\n00:31:01.970 --> 00:31:08.010\non
+ the part of players\nto organize before 1968.\n\n464\n00:31:11.350 --> 00:31:16.229\n1960
+ of the league\n\n465\n00:31:18.230 --> 00:31:21.509\nis confronted with\nanother
+ football league,\n\n466\n00:31:21.509 --> 00:31:22.769\nthe American Football League.\n\n467\n00:31:22.769
+ --> 00:31:27.930\nRight. In 1966,\n\n468\n00:31:27.930 --> 00:31:31.749\nthose two
+ leagues merge\n\n469\n00:31:31.749 --> 00:31:35.210\nwith the merger\ntaking place
+ in 268.\n\n470\n00:31:35.210 --> 00:31:40.449\nIn 198, the players from\n\n471\n00:31:40.449
+ --> 00:31:42.209\nboth leagues come together\n\n472\n00:31:42.209 --> 00:31:43.210\nand
+ form\n\n473\n00:31:43.210 --> 00:31:46.409\nthe National Football\nLeague Players
+ Association.\n\n474\n00:31:46.409 --> 00:31:50.829\nThat was my second year\nin
+ the league? Right.\n\n475\n00:31:53.190 --> 00:31:59.930\nAnd somehow I either\n\n476\n00:31:59.930
+ --> 00:32:05.230\nvolunteered or agreed to serve\nas player representative.\n\n477\n00:32:06.710
+ --> 00:32:12.130\nAnd so I that''s how\nI got involved.\n\n478\n00:32:12.130 -->
+ 00:32:16.229\nYeah. And Growing up in Canton,\n\n479\n00:32:16.229 --> 00:32:18.149\nI
+ was used to\n\n480\n00:32:18.149 --> 00:32:20.649\norganized labor and had\n\n481\n00:32:20.649
+ --> 00:32:23.309\na sort of a sense of\nwhat it was about.\n\n482\n00:32:23.309
+ --> 00:32:33.879\nAnd The other piece of\nit was that the reason\n\n483\n00:32:33.879
+ --> 00:32:36.219\nplayers wanted to come together\n\n484\n00:32:36.219 --> 00:32:46.160\nto
+ form a union\nwas because well,\n\n485\n00:32:46.160 --> 00:32:48.119\nthere are
+ a whole host of\nthem, not the least of\n\n486\n00:32:48.119 --> 00:32:50.259\nwhich
+ is players essentially had\n\n487\n00:32:50.259 --> 00:32:58.430\nno rights in terms
+ of\nwhere they could play?\n\n488\n00:32:58.430 --> 00:33:03.190\nYeah. Very little
+ ability\n\n489\n00:33:03.190 --> 00:33:06.789\nto impact how much\nthey were paid.\n\n490\n00:33:06.789
+ --> 00:33:11.610\nAnd then there were all these\n\n491\n00:33:12.570 --> 00:33:16.289\nwhat
+ I will call\nsilly little rules\n\n492\n00:33:16.289 --> 00:33:25.109\nthat were
+ imposed I\n\n493\n00:33:25.109 --> 00:33:28.409\nsuppose for as a\nmatter of control.\n\n494\n00:33:28.409
+ --> 00:33:32.089\nThat''s all I can\nthink of. Things like\n\n495\n00:33:34.170
+ --> 00:33:39.050\nyou can''t have a\nbeard or a mustache.\n\n496\n00:33:39.050 -->
+ 00:33:40.389\nI guess you could\nhave a mustache,\n\n497\n00:33:40.389 --> 00:33:42.410\nbut
+ you couldn''t have a beard.\n\n498\n00:33:43.090 --> 00:33:53.189\nThings you know,\n\n499\n00:33:53.189
+ --> 00:33:57.110\nyou have to be at every meal,\n\n500\n00:33:57.110 --> 00:34:00.269\nwhether
+ you eat or not\nwant to eat or not.\n\n501\n00:34:00.269 --> 00:34:05.650\nYou have
+ to you can''t have\na telephone in your room.\n\n502\n00:34:05.650 --> 00:34:08.049\nAnd
+ this was before,\n\n503\n00:34:08.049 --> 00:34:11.869\nyou know, mobile phone.\n\n504\n00:34:11.869
+ --> 00:34:14.329\nRight. But you\ncouldn''t, you know,\n\n505\n00:34:14.329 -->
+ 00:34:16.349\nhave the telephone\ncompany and put\n\n506\n00:34:16.349 --> 00:34:18.849\na
+ phone into your room\nduring training camp.\n\n507\n00:34:18.849 --> 00:34:22.209\nI
+ mean, though they''re just\na couple that come to mind.\n\n508\n00:34:22.209 -->
+ 00:34:28.769\nSure. And so there were\n\n509\n00:34:28.769 --> 00:34:34.930\nreally
+ Lots of lots\n\n510\n00:34:34.930 --> 00:34:39.150\nof limitations on a player''s\nability
+ to be themselves.\n\n511\n00:34:39.150 --> 00:34:40.189\nYeah.\n\n512\n00:34:40.189
+ --> 00:34:44.569\nAnd players wanted\nto change that?\n\n513\n00:34:44.569 --> 00:34:52.910\nAnd
+ obviously, the ability\nto choose where you worked,\n\n514\n00:34:53.480 --> 00:34:57.899\nwould
+ have an impact on\nhow much you were paid?\n\n515\n00:34:57.899 --> 00:35:06.679\nUh
+ huh. And so I think for me,\n\n516\n00:35:06.679 --> 00:35:08.460\nat least in the
+ beginning,\n\n517\n00:35:08.460 --> 00:35:10.379\nit was sort of all of\n\n518\n00:35:10.379
+ --> 00:35:13.360\nthose little controls\nthat just drove me crazy.\n\n519\n00:35:13.360
+ --> 00:35:19.769\nYeah. Um, that got me involved.\n\n520\n00:35:19.769 --> 00:35:24.449\nAnd,
+ you know, once you can''t\nget just a little bit wet.\n\n521\n00:35:24.449 --> 00:35:26.489\nOnce
+ you''re in the\npool, you get.\n\n522\n00:35:26.489 --> 00:35:28.569\nRight. All
+ wet.\n\n523\n00:35:28.569 --> 00:35:30.989\nDid you enjoy it?\nOh, I loved it.\n\n524\n00:35:30.989
+ --> 00:35:34.030\nYeah. I loved it. It was\nfrustrating at times,\n\n525\n00:35:34.030
+ --> 00:35:41.419\nbut I think we laid\n\n526\n00:35:41.419 --> 00:35:51.220\nthe
+ groundwork for the freedom\nthat players have today.\n\n527\n00:35:51.220 --> 00:35:54.119\nWe
+ laid the groundwork for\n\n528\n00:35:54.119 --> 00:36:00.740\nplayers getting a
+ fair\nshare of the revenue.\n\n529\n00:36:00.740 --> 00:36:06.819\nWe laid the groundwork
+ that\n\n530\n00:36:06.819 --> 00:36:13.340\nallowed players to be\ntreated like
+ human beings.\n\n531\n00:36:13.340 --> 00:36:19.560\nYeah as opposed to\nsome sense
+ property.\n\n532\n00:36:20.760 --> 00:36:23.239\nAnd along the way,\n\n533\n00:36:23.239
+ --> 00:36:29.640\nI got to meet and work with\na bunch of great lawyers.\n\n534\n00:36:29.640
+ --> 00:36:38.720\nLaris, Gene Keating,\nEd Gen Ed Garvey.\n\n535\n00:36:38.960 -->
+ 00:36:45.560\nI got to see the inside,\n\n536\n00:36:45.560 --> 00:36:48.099\nwhat
+ the law is all about,\n\n537\n00:36:48.099 --> 00:36:52.639\nand what good\nlawyering
+ looks like.\n\n538\n00:36:52.639 --> 00:36:56.600\nSo is it fair to say that\nthat
+ was an influence\n\n539\n00:36:56.600 --> 00:37:00.440\non a decision to\npursue
+ a career?\n\n540\n00:37:00.440 --> 00:37:04.219\nI was that just\n\n541\n00:37:04.219
+ --> 00:37:07.019\nconfirmed. That is\nsomething you wanted to do.\n\n542\n00:37:07.019
+ --> 00:37:09.659\nThat that was something\nthat I wanted to do.\n\n543\n00:37:11.420
+ --> 00:37:19.560\nI enrolled at Wayam Mitchell\nin the fall of 1968,\n\n544\n00:37:19.560
+ --> 00:37:22.780\nthe start of my second\nyear in the league.\n\n545\n00:37:26.440
+ --> 00:37:29.320\nIt was not pretty.\n\n546\n00:37:29.520 --> 00:37:31.839\nWhy
+ not?\n\n547\n00:37:32.320 --> 00:37:38.140\nWell, you know, you get that\nassignment
+ over the summer,\n\n548\n00:37:38.140 --> 00:37:39.639\nand there are like,\n\n549\n00:37:39.639
+ --> 00:37:42.239\n500 pages to read.\n\n550\n00:37:42.800 --> 00:37:46.000\nYou
+ try to read it, and\nnone of it makes sense,\n\n551\n00:37:46.000 --> 00:37:47.999\nand
+ you show up\n\n552\n00:37:47.999 --> 00:37:50.859\nthe first day and I don''t\nremember
+ what the class was,\n\n553\n00:37:50.859 --> 00:37:58.719\nbut The professor could
+ just\nas well be talking Greek.\n\n554\n00:37:58.719 --> 00:38:01.260\nYeah. As
+ English.\n\n555\n00:38:02.700 --> 00:38:08.579\nAnd you think I don''t understand\nwhat''s
+ happening here.\n\n556\n00:38:08.579 --> 00:38:12.700\nBecause it''s a it''s\na
+ different process.\n\n557\n00:38:12.700 --> 00:38:15.439\nSure. At least it was
+ a\ndifferent process from For sure.\n\n558\n00:38:15.439 --> 00:38:18.759\nWhat
+ my undergraduate\ndegree was Yeah, like.\n\n559\n00:38:18.759 --> 00:38:21.779\nAnd
+ I was not ready for it.\n\n560\n00:38:22.570 --> 00:38:26.169\nWas it well, you
+ said you\n\n561\n00:38:26.169 --> 00:38:29.770\nsecond year in the\nleague, playing.\n\n562\n00:38:29.770
+ --> 00:38:31.549\nAnd so it I mean,\n\n563\n00:38:31.549 --> 00:38:33.449\nI suspect
+ that\nobviously that has\n\n564\n00:38:33.449 --> 00:38:36.730\nplaying is a lot
+ of a time\ncommitment in of itself.\n\n565\n00:38:36.730 --> 00:38:37.809\nSo it
+ was just that you weren''t\n\n566\n00:38:37.809 --> 00:38:39.049\nquite ready, not
+ enough time,\n\n567\n00:38:39.049 --> 00:38:45.989\nor did it it wasn''t that\nit
+ was being confronted\n\n568\n00:38:45.989 --> 00:38:52.510\nwith being in this class\n\n569\n00:38:52.510
+ --> 00:39:01.330\nand listening to these\nlectures that have no context.\n\n570\n00:39:01.330
+ --> 00:39:05.830\nRight. And therefore,\nmake no sense.\n\n571\n00:39:05.830 -->
+ 00:39:09.410\nAnd, you know, it''s\nearly on in the process,\n\n572\n00:39:09.410
+ --> 00:39:11.390\nso you don''t know how\nit all fits together.\n\n573\n00:39:11.390
+ --> 00:39:15.189\nNew language. New\nlanguage, all of it.\n\n574\n00:39:16.470 -->
+ 00:39:24.470\nAnd I just It was not pretty.\n\n575\n00:39:25.230 --> 00:39:28.330\nWell,
+ but it bust out.\nSo it didn''t dissuade\n\n576\n00:39:28.330 --> 00:39:31.910\nyou
+ obviously. Well, completely.\n\n577\n00:39:34.350 --> 00:39:39.750\nI I say only
+ half in jest.\n\n578\n00:39:40.430 --> 00:39:45.390\nI knew after three days that\nI
+ wasn''t going to survive.\n\n579\n00:39:45.390 --> 00:39:50.889\nBut I was in so
+ far over\nmy head that it took me\n\n580\n00:39:50.889 --> 00:39:53.309\nanother
+ three and a\nthree weeks to figure\n\n581\n00:39:53.309 --> 00:39:56.189\nout how
+ to drop out to get out.\n\n582\n00:39:56.189 --> 00:39:57.589\nAnd\n\n583\n00:40:05.440
+ --> 00:40:08.399\nI what I\n\n584\n00:40:08.399 --> 00:40:13.339\ncame to understand
+ was first\nof all, that I wasn''t alone.\n\n585\n00:40:13.339 --> 00:40:16.239\nYeah.
+ I mean, I''m\nsitting there thinking,\n\n586\n00:40:16.239 --> 00:40:18.259\nI''m
+ the only one that\ndoesn''t get this.\n\n587\n00:40:18.259 --> 00:40:22.239\nMm
+ hm. I''m the only one that\ndoesn''t understand this.\n\n588\n00:40:22.720 --> 00:40:25.539\nBut,
+ you know,\neverybody in the room\n\n589\n00:40:25.539 --> 00:40:28.339\nwas in the
+ same boat that I was.\n\n590\n00:40:28.339 --> 00:40:32.399\nRight. And had I\n\n591\n00:40:33.630
+ --> 00:40:35.849\nMaybe had I not been\n\n592\n00:40:35.849 --> 00:40:38.070\nplaying
+ football at\nthe time, Mm hmm.\n\n593\n00:40:38.070 --> 00:40:41.329\nI''d have
+ sort of stuck it out.\n\n594\n00:40:41.329 --> 00:40:45.649\nBut I mean, I was so\nfar
+ in over my head.\n\n595\n00:40:45.649 --> 00:40:49.329\nI mean, I just I just\ncouldn''t
+ see The path.\n\n596\n00:40:49.329 --> 00:40:52.469\nThe path. Yeah.\nYep. Overwhelming.\n\n597\n00:40:52.469
+ --> 00:40:55.230\nAnd so I bailed.\n\n598\n00:40:55.230 --> 00:40:56.069\nYeah.\n\n599\n00:40:56.069
+ --> 00:41:04.229\nI bailed. But didn''t\nnecessarily give up right?\n\n600\n00:41:04.229
+ --> 00:41:08.049\nThe hope or the idea.\n\n601\n00:41:08.250 --> 00:41:13.110\nOver
+ the years, I tried one\nor two other career options.\n\n602\n00:41:13.110 --> 00:41:15.110\nI
+ was a used car salesman,\n\n603\n00:41:15.110 --> 00:41:18.810\nor actually a new
+ c\nnew used car salesman.\n\n604\n00:41:19.650 --> 00:41:26.850\nI sold one car
+ during my\nauto sales experience.\n\n605\n00:41:26.850 --> 00:41:29.089\nI did not
+ know that. And\nthat you tried that.\n\n606\n00:41:29.089 --> 00:41:32.330\nAnd
+ the one car I\nsold to myself.\n\n607\n00:41:32.570 --> 00:41:35.809\nI figured
+ there was\nno career in that.\n\n608\n00:41:35.809 --> 00:41:41.410\nI had a vending
+ machine company\n\n609\n00:41:41.410 --> 00:41:44.449\nfor about a year and a half.\n\n610\n00:41:44.449
+ --> 00:41:48.489\nIt took me I invested\nabout $40.000 into it,\n\n611\n00:41:48.489
+ --> 00:41:50.529\nand it took me about\na year and a half\n\n612\n00:41:50.529 -->
+ 00:41:52.549\nto go through that.\n\n613\n00:41:52.549 --> 00:41:58.269\nAlthough
+ that was one\n\n614\n00:41:58.269 --> 00:42:00.409\nof the actually not one\n\n615\n00:42:00.409
+ --> 00:42:03.509\nof the best investment\nI ever made.\n\n616\n00:42:03.509 -->
+ 00:42:05.149\nAnd we''ll get to that later.\n\n617\n00:42:05.149 --> 00:42:10.629\nSure.
+ But, One of\n\n618\n00:42:10.629 --> 00:42:18.490\nthe things I was\nlearning was
+ business,\n\n619\n00:42:18.490 --> 00:42:23.549\nbeing in business was not\nsomething
+ that fit me.\n\n620\n00:42:23.549 --> 00:42:25.489\nNot something that\ninterested
+ me.\n\n621\n00:42:25.489 --> 00:42:30.229\nNo something that\nI wanted to put\n\n622\n00:42:30.229
+ --> 00:42:35.589\nthe time and energy and\neffort into becoming good at?\n\n623\n00:42:35.589
+ --> 00:42:36.789\nYeah.\n\n624\n00:42:41.720 --> 00:42:46.159\nWhich was a good\nlesson
+ to learn.\n\n625\n00:42:46.159 --> 00:42:55.620\nAnd ultimately, after my\neighth
+ year with the Vikings,\n\n626\n00:42:55.620 --> 00:42:58.120\nI decided to go\nback
+ to law school.\n\n627\n00:42:58.120 --> 00:43:01.139\nThis time, having a\nbetter
+ understanding,\n\n628\n00:43:01.139 --> 00:43:06.719\nhaving been involved\nin as
+ a players rep,\n\n629\n00:43:06.719 --> 00:43:08.299\nand then ultimately on\n\n630\n00:43:08.299
+ --> 00:43:11.679\nthe Executive Committee of\nthe Players Association,\n\n631\n00:43:11.679
+ --> 00:43:15.979\nthe involved in a\nnumber of lawsuits\n\n632\n00:43:15.979 -->
+ 00:43:18.819\ninvolving the\nplayers Association\n\n633\n00:43:18.819 --> 00:43:21.960\nand
+ the National Football age.\n\n634\n00:43:25.040 --> 00:43:29.879\nStill, I mean,
+ having\nthe opportunity to see\n\n635\n00:43:29.879 --> 00:43:34.380\neven more
+ deeply how lawyers\n\n636\n00:43:34.380 --> 00:43:36.659\nworked the way they\n\n637\n00:43:36.659
+ --> 00:43:40.699\nthought developing a\nsense for that and\n\n638\n00:43:40.699
+ --> 00:43:43.359\nhaving the opportunity\nto talk with\n\n639\n00:43:43.359 -->
+ 00:43:48.039\nthem and sort of learned that,\n\n640\n00:43:48.039 --> 00:43:50.499\nyou
+ know, law school\nwas just like that.\n\n641\n00:43:50.499 --> 00:43:56.680\nYeah.
+ And that the secret\nto it is to endure.\n\n642\n00:43:56.680 --> 00:43:59.789\nAnd
+ At some point,\n\n643\n00:43:59.789 --> 00:44:01.069\nit starts to make sins.\n\n644\n00:44:01.069
+ --> 00:44:05.449\nYeah. So after my eighth year,\n\n645\n00:44:05.449 --> 00:44:07.769\nI
+ decided to go back this time,\n\n646\n00:44:07.769 --> 00:44:10.370\nroll at the
+ University\nof Minnesota.\n\n647\n00:44:10.370 --> 00:44:17.269\nActually started
+ summer of 1975\n\n648\n00:44:17.269 --> 00:44:21.530\nat the University\nof Texas
+ at Austin.\n\n649\n00:44:21.530 --> 00:44:27.950\nOh. I took contracts\nand procedure.\n\n650\n00:44:27.950
+ --> 00:44:29.930\n13 weeks start to finish.\n\n651\n00:44:29.930 --> 00:44:31.550\nWow.\n\n652\n00:44:31.550
+ --> 00:44:34.369\nAnd survived it. There you go.\n\n653\n00:44:34.369 --> 00:44:36.009\nAnd
+ not only survived it,\n\n654\n00:44:36.009 --> 00:44:37.529\nloved every minute
+ of it.\n\n655\n00:44:37.529 --> 00:44:38.970\nConfidence booster?\n\n656\n00:44:38.970
+ --> 00:44:40.490\nBig confidence booster.\n\n657\n00:44:40.490 --> 00:44:41.249\nAbsolutely.\n\n658\n00:44:41.249
+ --> 00:44:46.569\nBig confidence booster.\nLearned, you know,\n\n659\n00:44:46.569
+ --> 00:44:49.589\na little bit of\nthe process of you\n\n660\n00:44:49.589 --> 00:44:51.289\nremember
+ I talked about having\n\n661\n00:44:51.289 --> 00:44:52.729\nfailed to learn how
+ to learn?\n\n662\n00:44:52.729 --> 00:44:55.329\nExactly. Took me to\nlaw school
+ to get it.\n\n663\n00:44:55.329 --> 00:44:57.029\nSometimes I wonder if it takes\n\n664\n00:44:57.029
+ --> 00:44:58.989\na lot of people up\nuntil that point.\n\n665\n00:44:58.989 -->
+ 00:45:00.389\nIn some ways, you know,\n\n666\n00:45:00.389 --> 00:45:01.729\nI sort
+ of felt the same way.\n\n667\n00:45:01.729 --> 00:45:04.569\nWell, but once I got
+ it.\n\n668\n00:45:04.569 --> 00:45:08.419\nYeah. There''s nothing\nelse like it.\n\n669\n00:45:08.419
+ --> 00:45:13.939\nRight. And so I I love the\nlaw school experience.\n\n670\n00:45:13.939
+ --> 00:45:16.199\nPeople, you know, are\nalways talking about,\n\n671\n00:45:16.199
+ --> 00:45:18.600\nyou went to law school and\nplayed professional football.\n\n672\n00:45:18.600
+ --> 00:45:20.999\nHow hard that must have been.\n\n673\n00:45:20.999 --> 00:45:22.799\nWell,
+ you know, it was yeah,\n\n674\n00:45:22.799 --> 00:45:24.839\nI mean, things are
+ hard.\n\n675\n00:45:24.839 --> 00:45:26.999\nBut when you''re having fun,\n\n676\n00:45:26.999
+ --> 00:45:33.679\nm there''s there''s\nnothing better. Yeah.\n\n677\n00:45:33.679
+ --> 00:45:38.279\nI love my law school\nexperience at the university.\n\n678\n00:45:39.800
+ --> 00:45:49.260\nAnd I I had another one of\nthose defining moments.\n\n679\n00:45:49.260
+ --> 00:45:58.919\nI think it was the towards\nthe end of my first year.\n\n680\n00:45:59.760
+ --> 00:46:03.639\nWe had a paper to write.\n\n681\n00:46:03.639 --> 00:46:09.859\nAnd
+ I decided I was going to,\n\n682\n00:46:09.859 --> 00:46:12.659\nyou know, take
+ the easy road.\n\n683\n00:46:12.659 --> 00:46:15.960\nSomething you know about labor.\n\n684\n00:46:15.960
+ --> 00:46:19.780\nLabor law and actually,\n\n685\n00:46:19.780 --> 00:46:24.079\nI
+ think I wrote\n\n686\n00:46:24.079 --> 00:46:29.179\nsomething on labor\nrelations
+ in N in the NFL.\n\n687\n00:46:29.179 --> 00:46:32.559\nYeah. But I, you know,\n\n688\n00:46:33.600
+ --> 00:46:38.280\nI spent all this time doing\nthe research and preparing,\n\n689\n00:46:38.280
+ --> 00:46:42.080\nand I just nothing happened.\n\n690\n00:46:42.080 --> 00:46:44.619\nAnd
+ I can remember\ngoing in to see one of\n\n691\n00:46:44.619 --> 00:46:48.159\nthe
+ associate or assistant\ndeans and saying,\n\n692\n00:46:48.159 --> 00:46:50.819\nyou
+ know, I don''t know\nthat I can do this.\n\n693\n00:46:50.819 --> 00:46:53.639\nAnd
+ he said, Well,\nyou can do it.\n\n694\n00:46:53.639 --> 00:46:55.840\nAll you have
+ to do\nis apply yourself.\n\n695\n00:46:55.840 --> 00:46:58.399\nWhat have I been
+ doing?\n\n696\n00:46:58.399 --> 00:47:00.999\nYou know, All that\nclears it up,
+ right.\n\n697\n00:47:00.999 --> 00:47:03.259\nRight. He said, No.\n\n698\n00:47:03.259
+ --> 00:47:05.619\nYou apply the seat\nof your pants to\n\n699\n00:47:05.619 -->
+ 00:47:11.339\nthe chair until you get it\nuntil it starts coming.\n\n700\n00:47:11.339
+ --> 00:47:14.769\nYeah. And, you know,\n\n701\n00:47:14.769 --> 00:47:18.369\nit''s
+ weird, but, you\nknow, I sat down,\n\n702\n00:47:18.369 --> 00:47:22.749\ngot my
+ books and my pins\nin my papers and sat\n\n703\n00:47:22.749 --> 00:47:27.249\nthere
+ and eventually started\nwriting and got it done.\n\n704\n00:47:27.249 --> 00:47:28.369\nYeah.\n\n705\n00:47:28.690
+ --> 00:47:32.870\nAnd that was an important lesson\n\n706\n00:47:32.870 --> 00:47:41.129\nthat
+ sometimes even when you\nknow what you want to do,\n\n707\n00:47:41.930 --> 00:47:44.910\nBut
+ it''s not coming together.\n\n708\n00:47:44.910 --> 00:47:52.890\nYou have to just
+ keep working\nat it. Until it happens.\n\n709\n00:47:52.890 --> 00:47:56.009\nThis
+ is jumping a a, so\nwe''ll have to swing back,\n\n710\n00:47:56.009 --> 00:47:57.969\nbut
+ that makes me think about\n\n711\n00:47:57.969 --> 00:48:00.169\nthe process of
+ sitting down and\n\n712\n00:48:00.169 --> 00:48:03.249\nwriting an opinion\na little
+ bit, too.\n\n713\n00:48:05.290 --> 00:48:07.629\nI there a similarity there too?\n\n714\n00:48:07.629
+ --> 00:48:09.229\nThe process of just\nneeding to sit down\n\n715\n00:48:09.229
+ --> 00:48:11.109\nand sort of delve in\nto get it started,\n\n716\n00:48:11.109
+ --> 00:48:12.910\nand once it started it flows.\n\n717\n00:48:12.910 --> 00:48:16.469\nAbsolutely.
+ Absolutely. Yeah.\n\n718\n00:48:16.469 --> 00:48:18.610\nInteresting.\n\n719\n00:48:20.130
+ --> 00:48:23.090\nSo law school at UFM.\n\n720\n00:48:23.090 --> 00:48:25.189\nAnd
+ I was going to ask you,\n\n721\n00:48:25.189 --> 00:48:28.129\nand I think you really\nanswered
+ it was, you know,\n\n722\n00:48:28.129 --> 00:48:30.710\nby the time you\ndo go
+ to the UFM,\n\n723\n00:48:30.710 --> 00:48:34.550\nyou''re still playing\nraising
+ a family.\n\n724\n00:48:34.550 --> 00:48:37.329\nNot like there aren''t any\nother
+ things going on.\n\n725\n00:48:37.329 --> 00:48:39.529\nYou''re busy, but\nyou can
+ manage it\n\n726\n00:48:39.529 --> 00:48:42.270\nby then it''s just a matter\nof
+ time management.\n\n727\n00:48:42.270 --> 00:48:45.109\nSure. And figuring out how
+ to,\n\n728\n00:48:45.109 --> 00:48:47.049\nyou know, make it all work.\n\n729\n00:48:47.049
+ --> 00:48:49.610\nPutting all the pieces together.\n\n730\n00:48:50.010 --> 00:48:54.190\nAnd
+ I mean, I did\nhave some incentive.\n\n731\n00:48:54.190 --> 00:48:56.289\nI mean,
+ by then, I was\n\n732\n00:48:56.810 --> 00:49:00.670\n12 years into my\nprofessional
+ career.\n\n733\n00:49:00.670 --> 00:49:03.270\nYou don''t play forever.\n\n734\n00:49:03.270
+ --> 00:49:05.369\nAnd quite frankly, I didn''t\n\n735\n00:49:05.369 --> 00:49:08.850\nwant
+ to necessarily\nplay forever.\n\n736\n00:49:08.850 --> 00:49:15.209\nU As I said,\n\n737\n00:49:15.209
+ --> 00:49:19.310\noften, by the time I\nstarted law school,\n\n738\n00:49:19.310
+ --> 00:49:22.809\nI''d been playing for I\nwas into my ninth year.\n\n739\n00:49:22.809
+ --> 00:49:24.730\nAnd I hadn''t done everything\n\n740\n00:49:24.730 --> 00:49:26.390\nyou
+ could do on a\nfootball field,\n\n741\n00:49:26.390 --> 00:49:27.769\nbut I''d done
+ most of them.\n\n742\n00:49:27.769 --> 00:49:31.310\nRight. And I noted earlier,\n\n743\n00:49:31.310
+ --> 00:49:35.570\nrepetition wasn''t one\nof my st strong suits.\n\n744\n00:49:35.570
+ --> 00:49:38.530\nIt was time to prepare\nto do something\n\n745\n00:49:38.530 -->
+ 00:49:42.469\ndifferent and so that\nI could move on.\n\n746\n00:49:42.469 --> 00:49:45.049\nAs
+ I''ve often said, you know,\n\n747\n00:49:45.049 --> 00:49:48.850\nthe skills of
+ a defensive tackle\n\n748\n00:49:48.850 --> 00:49:50.669\ndon''t transfer to much\n\n749\n00:49:50.669
+ --> 00:49:53.450\nof anything else out\nin the real world.\n\n750\n00:49:53.450
+ --> 00:50:01.479\nAnd so preparing to\n\n751\n00:50:01.479 --> 00:50:05.640\ndo
+ something beyond football\nwas really important.\n\n752\n00:50:05.640 --> 00:50:10.579\nAnd
+ law school was that\npreparation. Right?\n\n753\n00:50:10.940 --> 00:50:16.660\nRight?
+ So you graduate\nfrom law school.\n\n754\n00:50:16.660 --> 00:50:20.959\nAnd you
+ graduate and\nwhat''s the timing there?\n\n755\n00:50:20.959 --> 00:50:23.100\nYou
+ still play for a little\nbit after you graduate?\n\n756\n00:50:23.100 --> 00:50:25.279\n3.5
+ more years. 3.5 more years.\n\n757\n00:50:25.279 --> 00:50:28.419\nAnd year 378,
+ 79,\nfour more years.\n\n758\n00:50:28.419 --> 00:50:31.919\nOkay. And during that
+ time then,\n\n759\n00:50:31.919 --> 00:50:33.539\nyou''ve graduated,\nyou''re playing,\n\n760\n00:50:33.539
+ --> 00:50:36.820\nbut then you start\nat Linus in Benham.\n\n761\n00:50:36.820 -->
+ 00:50:39.320\nSo what''s the practice\n\n762\n00:50:39.320 --> 00:50:41.739\nthere
+ like? Tell me\nabout that a little bit.\n\n763\n00:50:42.260 --> 00:50:45.499\nIt''s
+ trying to figure out\nwho you are as a lawyer.\n\n764\n00:50:45.499 --> 00:50:52.729\nYeah.
+ And it''s, you know,\ngetting assignments.\n\n765\n00:50:52.729 --> 00:50:56.879\nAnd,
+ you know, here''s the file.\n\n766\n00:50:56.879 --> 00:51:04.399\nGo do this. And
+ it''s like,\nhow do you go do this?\n\n767\n00:51:05.080 --> 00:51:07.620\nLittle
+ more explanation.\n\n768\n00:51:07.620 --> 00:51:10.339\nWould be helpful?\nRight.
+ It wasn''t\n\n769\n00:51:10.339 --> 00:51:12.920\nalways forthcoming. Mm hm.\n\n770\n00:51:12.920
+ --> 00:51:18.919\nYou sort of get thrown\ninto the thick of things,\n\n771\n00:51:18.919
+ --> 00:51:20.820\nand there were some horrible,\n\n772\n00:51:20.820 --> 00:51:23.520\nawful,
+ very bad moments.\n\n773\n00:51:25.600 --> 00:51:30.219\nWhere I had no idea\nwhat
+ I was doing,\n\n774\n00:51:30.219 --> 00:51:34.979\nbut had to try to figure it\nout
+ while I was doing it.\n\n775\n00:51:34.979 --> 00:51:39.719\nYeah. Enjoyable, though?\n\n776\n00:51:41.400
+ --> 00:51:49.049\nNot especially. No.\nOne of the things I\n\n777\n00:51:49.049
+ --> 00:51:51.329\nfigured out early on about\n\n778\n00:51:52.330 --> 00:51:56.170\nthe
+ private practice of\nlaw, it''s about business.\n\n779\n00:51:56.170 --> 00:51:58.050\nIt''s
+ about billing hours.\n\n780\n00:51:58.050 --> 00:52:04.809\nAnd that just is\nnever
+ that is not me.\n\n781\n00:52:06.450 --> 00:52:12.170\nM interest in the law\nwas
+ the law and trying\n\n782\n00:52:12.170 --> 00:52:17.149\nto work through it and\nsort
+ it out and figure it\n\n783\n00:52:17.149 --> 00:52:23.489\nout and come to the
+ best\nconclusions that you can.\n\n784\n00:52:24.570 --> 00:52:30.349\nAnd when
+ You''ve got\n\n785\n00:52:30.349 --> 00:52:32.369\nthis little thing sitting on\n\n786\n00:52:32.369
+ --> 00:52:36.590\nyour shoulder talking\nabout billable hours.\n\n787\n00:52:36.590
+ --> 00:52:39.669\nFirst of all, you''re distracted\nby that because you''re\n\n788\n00:52:39.669
+ --> 00:52:42.669\nthinking that my Hey,\n\n789\n00:52:42.669 --> 00:52:43.989\nam
+ I billing enough hours?\n\n790\n00:52:43.989 --> 00:52:49.550\nAnd how do I justify\nthese
+ hours? Right.\n\n791\n00:52:49.550 --> 00:52:52.010\nSo from that standpoint,\n\n792\n00:52:52.010
+ --> 00:52:55.630\nit was not necessarily pleasant.\n\n793\n00:52:55.630 --> 00:53:01.030\nThat
+ said, I got to work with\nsome really good lawyers.\n\n794\n00:53:01.030 --> 00:53:03.589\nYeah.
+ And like every\nother, you know,\n\n795\n00:53:03.589 --> 00:53:09.909\nnew lawyer,
+ can you do a\nmemo on me for me on this?\n\n796\n00:53:09.909 --> 00:53:12.549\nAnd
+ you give them\n\n797\n00:53:12.549 --> 00:53:15.869\nthe memo and it comes\nback
+ and it''s like,\n\n798\n00:53:16.600 --> 00:53:20.079\nI didn''t know there was
+ that\nmuch red ink in the world.\n\n799\n00:53:20.079 --> 00:53:21.359\nYeah.\n\n800\n00:53:22.440
+ --> 00:53:25.659\nBut lessons then, as well,\nI suppose, too, right?\n\n801\n00:53:25.659
+ --> 00:53:27.919\nSo you''re Absolutely. It''s\na big learning curve,\n\n802\n00:53:27.919
+ --> 00:53:29.999\nbut you''re learning a lot.\nBut you''re learning a lot.\n\n803\n00:53:29.999
+ --> 00:53:33.120\nYeah. That''s where\nI got grounded.\n\n804\n00:53:33.120 -->
+ 00:53:35.100\nYeah. And so from\nthat standpoint,\n\n805\n00:53:35.100 --> 00:53:39.539\nit
+ was a very\nvaluable experience,\n\n806\n00:53:39.539 --> 00:53:44.779\nbut just
+ not my idea\nof a good time.\n\n807\n00:53:44.779 --> 00:53:49.359\nYeah. And I
+ was\nfortunate enough to\n\n808\n00:53:53.390 --> 00:53:57.090\nMake my way to the\nattorney
+ general''s office.\n\n809\n00:53:57.090 --> 00:54:01.069\nRight. And I loved it
+ there\n\n810\n00:54:01.069 --> 00:54:06.849\nbecause Skip Humphrey was\nthe attorney
+ general. Mm hm.\n\n811\n00:54:06.849 --> 00:54:13.860\nAnd He let the lawyers\n\n812\n00:54:13.860
+ --> 00:54:17.599\nwho were there to do\nthe work do the work.\n\n813\n00:54:17.720
+ --> 00:54:21.799\nAnd let me learn to\n\n814\n00:54:21.799 --> 00:54:26.420\ngive
+ my best legal\nadvice to my clients.\n\n815\n00:54:26.420 --> 00:54:29.720\nI didn''t
+ have to worry\nabout billing hours.\n\n816\n00:54:29.720 --> 00:54:34.159\nDidn''t
+ have to worry about\nclients walking away.\n\n817\n00:54:34.159 --> 00:54:39.679\nTrue.
+ I could do the best\nthat I could to figure out\n\n818\n00:54:39.679 --> 00:54:47.509\nwhat
+ is the best\nWhat is the law?\n\n819\n00:54:47.509 --> 00:54:50.069\nAnd what is
+ the best\nadvice I can give\n\n820\n00:54:50.069 --> 00:54:53.329\nthis client?
+ And\nI could do that.\n\n821\n00:54:53.329 --> 00:54:56.749\nAnd there''s a lot\nof
+ freedom in that.\n\n822\n00:54:56.749 --> 00:55:01.909\nAnd I absolutely loved it.\n\n823\n00:55:01.990
+ --> 00:55:04.690\nDid you have a particular focus\n\n824\n00:55:04.690 --> 00:55:06.069\nin
+ the Attorney General''s side?\n\n825\n00:55:06.069 --> 00:55:07.269\nLabor and employment?
+ You were.\n\n826\n00:55:07.269 --> 00:55:09.550\nOkay. Labor and employment.\n\n827\n00:55:09.550
+ --> 00:55:12.649\nAnd you enjoyed it that''s\nwhat I did at List also.\n\n828\n00:55:12.649
+ --> 00:55:15.289\nSure. On the employee side,\n\n829\n00:55:15.289 --> 00:55:18.829\nthen
+ just flip to\nthe employer side.\n\n830\n00:55:19.470 --> 00:55:22.429\nA you''re
+ working at\n\n831\n00:55:22.429 --> 00:55:26.070\nthe Minnesota Attorney\nGeneral''s
+ office.\n\n832\n00:55:26.390 --> 00:55:30.289\nFour years, five years,\nsomething
+ like that?\n\n833\n00:55:30.289 --> 00:55:32.329\nStarted in 985.\n\n834\n00:55:32.329
+ --> 00:55:33.469\nOkay.\n\n835\n00:55:33.469 --> 00:55:37.470\nThe first week of
+ January 1985\n\n836\n00:55:37.470 --> 00:55:43.430\nand left the last week\nof December
+ in 1992.\n\n837\n00:55:43.430 --> 00:55:53.229\nOkay. So yeah. So when do\nyou start
+ thinking about?\n\n838\n00:55:53.470 --> 00:55:56.909\nMaybe not even necessarily\nthe
+ Minnesota Supreme Court,\n\n839\n00:55:56.909 --> 00:55:58.069\nbut the idea of
+ doing something\n\n840\n00:55:58.069 --> 00:56:00.250\ndifferent and maybe\nthat
+ being judging.\n\n841\n00:56:00.250 --> 00:56:07.959\nYou know, the I had\nthis
+ weird experience.\n\n842\n00:56:08.560 --> 00:56:12.120\n1982, I''m at Lyncest and
+ Venom.\n\n843\n00:56:12.120 --> 00:56:17.100\nMm hmm. And 82 or 83.\n\n844\n00:56:17.100
+ --> 00:56:19.619\nAnd I wake up one morning,\n\n845\n00:56:19.619 --> 00:56:22.040\nand
+ the newspaper has an article\n\n846\n00:56:22.040 --> 00:56:27.520\nabout Governor
+ Perfi is going\nto appoint some new judges.\n\n847\n00:56:27.520 --> 00:56:29.459\nAnd
+ he''s got my\nname in the list.\n\n848\n00:56:29.459 --> 00:56:30.839\nOh.\n\n849\n00:56:31.930
+ --> 00:56:37.189\nNobody had asked.\nInteresting. Nobody. It was\n\n850\n00:56:37.189
+ --> 00:56:38.930\nit was very strange.\n\n851\n00:56:38.930 --> 00:56:40.489\nBut
+ up until that point,\n\n852\n00:56:40.489 --> 00:56:44.109\nit hadn''t really\noccurred
+ to me A,\n\n853\n00:56:44.109 --> 00:56:46.389\nthat I would have\n\n854\n00:56:46.389
+ --> 00:56:49.669\nany interest in being a\njudge or that I could be.\n\n855\n00:56:49.669
+ --> 00:56:53.129\nYeah. Or that, you know,\n\n856\n00:56:53.129 --> 00:56:54.770\nI
+ had the skills or temperament.\n\n857\n00:56:54.770 --> 00:56:59.109\nSure. Long
+ story short made\nme think about it. Mm hm.\n\n858\n00:56:59.109 --> 00:57:02.769\nAnd
+ you know, through that time,\n\n859\n00:57:02.769 --> 00:57:07.469\nI''m learning
+ who\nI am as a lawyer,\n\n860\n00:57:07.469 --> 00:57:11.529\nwhat my skills are,\nwhat
+ my interests are,\n\n861\n00:57:11.529 --> 00:57:18.949\nand what my strengths\nand
+ weaknesses are.\n\n862\n00:57:18.949 --> 00:57:26.429\nYeah. And over time,\n\n863\n00:57:26.429
+ --> 00:57:30.009\nI I sort of start\n\n864\n00:57:30.009 --> 00:57:37.969\nthinking
+ maybe there is\n\n865\n00:57:37.969 --> 00:57:40.309\nsomething in the judiciary\nthat
+ would fit me.\n\n866\n00:57:40.309 --> 00:57:42.729\nBut I can''t see\n\n867\n00:57:42.729
+ --> 00:57:47.149\nmyself a necessarily as\na trial court judge.\n\n868\n00:57:51.110
+ --> 00:57:55.110\nAnd, you know, as lawyers,\n\n869\n00:57:55.110 --> 00:57:57.530\nwe
+ spend a lot of\ntime reading opinions\n\n870\n00:57:57.530 --> 00:58:02.069\nand
+ struggling to figure\nout what they mean.\n\n871\n00:58:04.230 --> 00:58:10.009\nAnd
+ thinking, well,\nif they meant this,\n\n872\n00:58:10.009 --> 00:58:12.489\nwhy
+ didn''t they just say it?\n\n873\n00:58:12.489 --> 00:58:16.449\nWhy did they why\nis
+ it so hard to\n\n874\n00:58:16.449 --> 00:58:22.229\nsay in plain clear\nlanguage,
+ what you mean?\n\n875\n00:58:22.870 --> 00:58:27.169\nAnd of course, my ego\nsays
+ to myself self,\n\n876\n00:58:27.169 --> 00:58:29.449\nyou could do that.\n\n877\n00:58:29.449
+ --> 00:58:31.950\nYou could write clearly.\n\n878\n00:58:32.990 --> 00:58:35.289\nYou
+ could write concisely.\n\n879\n00:58:35.289 --> 00:58:41.209\nMm hm. And so over
+ time,\n\n880\n00:58:41.209 --> 00:58:45.150\nI start to think my skills,\n\n881\n00:58:45.150
+ --> 00:58:46.409\nmy interests, abilities,\n\n882\n00:58:46.409 --> 00:58:48.490\nmy
+ strengths lend themselves\n\n883\n00:58:48.490 --> 00:58:50.929\nto what appellate\ncourt
+ judges do.\n\n884\n00:58:50.929 --> 00:58:58.429\nAnd from there.\n\n885\n00:59:01.890
+ --> 00:59:06.350\nWell, how does one become\nan appellate court judge?\n\n886\n00:59:06.350
+ --> 00:59:08.249\nWell, as you know, in Minnesota,\n\n887\n00:59:08.249 --> 00:59:12.490\nit''s
+ either by appointment\nor by election.\n\n888\n00:59:12.970 --> 00:59:23.089\nAnd
+ the Minnesota Court of\nAppeals is new relatively new.\n\n889\n00:59:23.089 -->
+ 00:59:24.409\nRight.\n\n890\n00:59:24.770 --> 00:59:28.149\nAnd most of the judges\nthere
+ or many of\n\n891\n00:59:28.149 --> 00:59:31.250\nthe judges there have\nbeen trial
+ court judges.\n\n892\n00:59:31.250 --> 00:59:34.569\nSo that seems like\na natural
+ step,\n\n893\n00:59:34.569 --> 00:59:37.289\neven though the\ntrial court isn''t\n\n894\n00:59:37.289
+ --> 00:59:41.819\nnecessarily what fits me.\n\n895\n00:59:41.819 --> 00:59:48.580\nSure.
+ And so I started applying\n\n896\n00:59:48.580 --> 00:59:53.600\nfor trial court
+ judge petitions\n\n897\n00:59:53.600 --> 00:59:56.640\nand had absolutely no success.\n\n898\n00:59:57.640
+ --> 01:00:00.500\nEventually, I came\nto the conclusion\n\n899\n01:00:00.500 -->
+ 01:00:02.799\nthat I wasn''t going to have\n\n900\n01:00:02.799 --> 01:00:07.179\nany
+ success and that\n\n901\n01:00:07.179 --> 01:00:10.019\nif I wanted the\nopportunity
+ to serve,\n\n902\n01:00:10.019 --> 01:00:15.440\nit was probably going\nto be through
+ election.\n\n903\n01:00:16.570 --> 01:00:19.269\nWhich narrows things down to\n\n904\n01:00:19.269
+ --> 01:00:21.349\nthe Court of Appeals\nor the Supreme Court.\n\n905\n01:00:21.349
+ --> 01:00:22.649\nRight.\n\n906\n01:00:24.050 --> 01:00:32.229\nAnd My thought process
+ was,\n\n907\n01:00:32.229 --> 01:00:37.730\nwell, if you''re going\nto seek collection,\n\n908\n01:00:39.250
+ --> 01:00:43.729\nyou might as well seek\n\n909\n01:00:43.729 --> 01:00:45.849\ncollection
+ to the\nMinnesota Supreme Court.\n\n910\n01:00:45.849 --> 01:00:48.730\nI think
+ I have something\nto contribute.\n\n911\n01:00:49.330 --> 01:00:54.990\nI think
+ both from a\nlegal background,\n\n912\n01:00:54.990 --> 01:00:57.770\nbut also from
+ just a\ndifferent perspective.\n\n913\n01:00:57.770 --> 01:01:03.650\nSure. And
+ so 1990,\n\n914\n01:01:03.650 --> 01:01:07.390\nI decided to seek collection.\n\n915\n01:01:07.390
+ --> 01:01:15.550\nAnd When the filing\nperiod opened,\n\n916\n01:01:15.550 --> 01:01:20.829\nI
+ was down there first\nmorning first hour,\n\n917\n01:01:20.829 --> 01:01:23.609\nfiled
+ for election and\n\n918\n01:01:23.610 --> 01:01:29.030\nthe justice who I was\ngoing
+ to challenge.\n\n919\n01:01:29.030 --> 01:01:31.530\nI thought I was going\nto challenge,
+ resigned.\n\n920\n01:01:31.530 --> 01:01:34.710\nBefore I got out of the\nSecretary
+ of State''s office.\n\n921\n01:01:34.710 --> 01:01:39.290\nOh, wow. Which\ncreated
+ a vacancy.\n\n922\n01:01:40.280 --> 01:01:44.699\nVacancies are filled\nby appointment.\n\n923\n01:01:44.699
+ --> 01:01:47.520\nThe governor\nimmediately appointed\n\n924\n01:01:47.520 --> 01:01:50.320\nsomeone
+ to fill the vacancy,\n\n925\n01:01:50.320 --> 01:01:58.480\nand the election for
+ that\nseat no longer existed.\n\n926\n01:01:59.230 --> 01:02:07.030\nAnd I in seeking
+ election.\n\n927\n01:02:07.030 --> 01:02:12.390\nIt wasn''t about the\nindividual
+ justice?\n\n928\n01:02:12.390 --> 01:02:16.610\nRight, who I was\ngoing to challenge.\n\n929\n01:02:16.610
+ --> 01:02:21.789\nIt wasn''t about their opinions\n\n930\n01:02:21.789 --> 01:02:26.870\nor
+ their philosophy\nor anything else.\n\n931\n01:02:26.870 --> 01:02:29.649\nIt was
+ simply I mean,\n\n932\n01:02:29.649 --> 01:02:31.990\nit seemed to me to\nbe a fair
+ question\n\n933\n01:02:31.990 --> 01:02:35.949\ngiven that the justice\nwas going
+ to reach\n\n934\n01:02:35.949 --> 01:02:40.690\nmandatory retirement\nwithin something\n\n935\n01:02:40.690
+ --> 01:02:44.410\nless than six months\nof re election.\n\n936\n01:02:44.410 -->
+ 01:02:46.550\nAnd it was a fair question,\n\n937\n01:02:46.550 --> 01:02:50.029\nat
+ least I thought\nto have the people\n\n938\n01:02:50.029 --> 01:02:55.589\nMinnesota
+ decide who they\nwould want to serve the term.\n\n939\n01:02:55.589 --> 01:03:04.630\nMm
+ hm me a known quantity\nor a known person,\n\n940\n01:03:04.630 --> 01:03:08.589\nor
+ ultimately some\nunknown person.\n\n941\n01:03:08.830 --> 01:03:15.510\nUm the election
+ was\ntaken off the ballot,\n\n942\n01:03:15.510 --> 01:03:21.669\nand, you know,
+ it\nwasn''t clear to me.\n\n943\n01:03:24.110 --> 01:03:30.769\nWhy? You know, being\na
+ person of color.\n\n944\n01:03:30.769 --> 01:03:32.569\nOne of the things\nthat
+ comes to mind\n\n945\n01:03:32.569 --> 01:03:34.749\nis because I''m a\nperson of
+ color.\n\n946\n01:03:34.749 --> 01:03:39.609\nIs it politics? Is\nit I don''t know.\n\n947\n01:03:39.609
+ --> 01:03:43.669\nYeah. Let that go.\n\n948\n01:03:44.230 --> 01:03:49.170\nContinued
+ working at the\nAttorney General''s office\n\n949\n01:03:49.170 --> 01:03:53.629\nand
+ decided to try\nagain in 19 e two.\n\n950\n01:03:53.629 --> 01:04:03.550\nThis time.
+ The justice\nI sought to challenge.\n\n951\n01:04:04.190 --> 01:04:07.070\nWas going
+ to reach\nmandatory retirement\n\n952\n01:04:07.070 --> 01:04:08.369\nwithin about
+ 18 months.\n\n953\n01:04:08.369 --> 01:04:13.369\nMm hm of the full six year term.\n\n954\n01:04:13.369
+ --> 01:04:14.869\nAnd I thought, again,\n\n955\n01:04:14.869 --> 01:04:17.469\nit
+ was a fair question to\nhave the people of Minnesota\n\n956\n01:04:17.469 --> 01:04:27.989\ndecide
+ who the justice should\nbe who serves in the see.\n\n957\n01:04:28.230 --> 01:04:32.949\nBefore
+ I could get to\nbefore the filings open,\n\n958\n01:04:32.949 --> 01:04:35.649\nwe
+ have this provision\nin our Constitution,\n\n959\n01:04:35.649 --> 01:04:39.030\nwhich
+ provides for the\nretirement of judges.\n\n960\n01:04:39.030 --> 01:04:45.930\nAnd
+ there is There is a statute\n\n961\n01:04:45.930 --> 01:04:50.009\nwhich also provides
+ for\n\n962\n01:04:50.009 --> 01:04:53.770\nto carry out that\nconstitutional provision,\n\n963\n01:04:53.770
+ --> 01:05:03.190\nwhich provided that the\ngovernor could extend\n\n964\n01:05:03.190
+ --> 01:05:09.229\nthe term of a justice who\nhadn''t reached who hadn''t\n\n965\n01:05:09.229
+ --> 01:05:13.769\nreached full retirement at\n\n966\n01:05:13.769 --> 01:05:16.370\nthe
+ time they were\nup for re election.\n\n967\n01:05:16.730 --> 01:05:19.990\nAnd with
+ mandatory\nretirement approaching?\n\n968\n01:05:19.990 --> 01:05:21.329\nSure.\n\n969\n01:05:23.700
+ --> 01:05:30.980\nAnd so Justice Yeka,\n\n970\n01:05:30.980 --> 01:05:34.760\nwho
+ was the justice I\nwas going to challenge,\n\n971\n01:05:34.760 --> 01:05:37.800\nsought
+ a term extension.\n\n972\n01:05:37.800 --> 01:05:40.099\nThe governor granted it.\n\n973\n01:05:42.300
+ --> 01:05:51.889\nAnd I was to\n\n974\n01:05:51.889 --> 01:05:54.770\nsay the least
+ more than\na little frustrated.\n\n975\n01:05:54.770 --> 01:05:59.990\nAnd so long
+ story short\n\n976\n01:05:59.990 --> 01:06:04.890\ncommenced a lawsuit against\n\n977\n01:06:04.890
+ --> 01:06:08.989\nthe governor and the\nSecretary of State,\n\n978\n01:06:09.270
+ --> 01:06:16.289\na lawsuit that had\n\n979\n01:06:16.289 --> 01:06:19.669\nits
+ original jurisdiction\nin the Supreme Court.\n\n980\n01:06:21.120 --> 01:06:24.939\nAnd
+ a number of\npeople told me I was\n\n981\n01:06:24.939 --> 01:06:29.879\ncrazy that
+ you''re\nwrong on the law.\n\n982\n01:06:29.879 --> 01:06:32.039\nYou''re wrong
+ on the politics,\n\n983\n01:06:32.039 --> 01:06:34.759\nand you''re never, you know,\n\n984\n01:06:34.759
+ --> 01:06:37.639\nwhen you lose this\nlawsuit, you''re never,\n\n985\n01:06:37.639
+ --> 01:06:41.639\never going to have the\nopportunity to serve.\n\n986\n01:06:44.720
+ --> 01:06:52.419\nI felt strongly about one\n\n987\n01:06:52.419 --> 01:06:58.280\nthat
+ the as applied\n\n988\n01:06:58.280 --> 01:07:02.279\nthe term extension\nviolated
+ the Constitution.\n\n989\n01:07:03.640 --> 01:07:06.139\nI wasn''t much concerned
+ about\n\n990\n01:07:06.139 --> 01:07:09.899\nthe politics because I mean,\n\n991\n01:07:09.899
+ --> 01:07:12.559\nI''ve been sort of along the way.\n\n992\n01:07:12.559 --> 01:07:14.959\nI
+ figured out you have to\ndo what you think is right,\n\n993\n01:07:14.959 --> 01:07:17.880\nnot
+ what is expedient.\n\n994\n01:07:19.600 --> 01:07:27.679\nAnd turns out I was\nright
+ on the law.\n\n995\n01:07:27.679 --> 01:07:30.159\nWe were right on the law.\n\n996\n01:07:30.159
+ --> 01:07:35.380\nAnd I was given\n\n997\n01:07:35.380 --> 01:07:38.399\nthe opportunity
+ along with\nanybody else who wanted\n\n998\n01:07:38.399 --> 01:07:42.519\nto file
+ for election\nfor the seat,\n\n999\n01:07:42.519 --> 01:07:46.899\nI filed Justice
+ Yeka did not.\n\n1000\n01:07:50.300 --> 01:07:53.539\nAnd two other people did,\n\n1001\n01:07:53.860
+ --> 01:07:59.879\nand almost immediately\nnot almost immediately,\n\n1002\n01:07:59.879
+ --> 01:08:07.439\nimmediately, my opponents\nstarted down the road of,\n\n1003\n01:08:07.439
+ --> 01:08:10.299\nhe''s just a football player.\n\n1004\n01:08:10.900 --> 01:08:15.179\nAnd
+ initially implicit\nbut unstated.\n\n1005\n01:08:15.179 --> 01:08:19.079\nYeah.
+ He''s just a\ndumb football player.\n\n1006\n01:08:19.079 --> 01:08:23.999\nAlso
+ initially, but not\n\n1007\n01:08:23.999 --> 01:08:29.499\nnecessarily subsequently,\nbut
+ initially.\n\n1008\n01:08:29.860 --> 01:08:33.599\nHe''s just a dumb Black\nfootball
+ player.\n\n1009\n01:08:33.599 --> 01:08:39.799\nI mean, that was the tenor\nof what
+ was being said.\n\n1010\n01:08:39.799 --> 01:08:42.100\nHe''s not qualified.\n\n1011\n01:08:45.020
+ --> 01:08:49.359\nI spent the next three months,\n\n1012\n01:08:49.359 --> 01:08:51.859\n3.5
+ months, whatever it is,\n\n1013\n01:08:51.860 --> 01:08:56.799\ncampaigning around\nthe
+ state to talk\n\n1014\n01:08:56.799 --> 01:09:01.659\nabout why I wanted to be a\nSupreme
+ Court of justice,\n\n1015\n01:09:01.659 --> 01:09:05.019\nwhat I could bring\nwhat
+ I had to offer.\n\n1016\n01:09:05.250 --> 01:09:08.029\nAbout my experience\nand
+ my background\n\n1017\n01:09:08.029 --> 01:09:09.270\nand my qualifications.\n\n1018\n01:09:09.270
+ --> 01:09:13.169\nMm hm. And at every turn,\n\n1019\n01:09:13.170 --> 01:09:16.609\nI
+ got the accusatory question.\n\n1020\n01:09:16.609 --> 01:09:19.150\nWhat are your
+ qualifications?\n\n1021\n01:09:19.150 --> 01:09:22.329\nAnd nobody else was\nbeing
+ asked that.\n\n1022\n01:09:22.810 --> 01:09:28.249\nAnd so that that was difficult.\n\n1023\n01:09:28.930
+ --> 01:09:33.649\nThat said it was\n\n1024\n01:09:33.649 --> 01:09:36.049\nalso
+ satisfying to be\nable to talk to people.\n\n1025\n01:09:36.049 --> 01:09:38.209\nYeah.
+ About who I am,\n\n1026\n01:09:38.209 --> 01:09:43.449\nand what I thought\nI had
+ to offer.\n\n1027\n01:09:43.449 --> 01:09:48.949\nAnd in the end,\n\n1028\n01:09:48.949
+ --> 01:09:56.849\nthe people of the state gave\nme the opportunity to serve.\n\n1029\n01:09:59.130
+ --> 01:10:02.229\nThey elected me.\n\n1030\n01:10:02.229 --> 01:10:10.199\nI am
+ humble, honored.\n\n1031\n01:10:13.000 --> 01:10:16.359\nI mean, I have a hard time\n\n1032\n01:10:16.359
+ --> 01:10:21.879\narticulating how meaningful\nit is to me that\n\n1033\n01:10:21.879
+ --> 01:10:30.429\nthey saw through the\neffort to stereotype me?\n\n1034\n01:10:30.429
+ --> 01:10:31.649\nYeah.\n\n1035\n01:10:31.730 --> 01:10:37.189\nThat they saw in\n\n1036\n01:10:37.189
+ --> 01:10:45.630\nme somebody who hopefully\nhad something to contribute,\n\n1037\n01:10:45.630
+ --> 01:10:49.009\nand they gave me the\nopportunity to do it. Mm hmm.\n\n1038\n01:10:52.790
+ --> 01:10:55.709\nWas so, you know,\n\n1039\n01:10:55.709 --> 01:10:58.229\nyou
+ mentioned in terms of\n\n1040\n01:10:58.229 --> 01:11:01.910\nthe campaign Questions\nabout
+ qualification,\n\n1041\n01:11:01.910 --> 01:11:04.229\nbut implicit\nquestions about
+ race.\n\n1042\n01:11:04.229 --> 01:11:06.609\nWhat it means to be\nan athlete race.\n\n1043\n01:11:06.609
+ --> 01:11:10.989\nWas was diversity and the\nfact that if elected,\n\n1044\n01:11:10.989
+ --> 01:11:12.149\nyou''d be the first African\n\n1045\n01:11:12.149 --> 01:11:14.289\nAmerican
+ Minnesota\nSupreme Court Justice,\n\n1046\n01:11:14.289 --> 01:11:16.009\nwas that
+ a part of\nthat conversation\n\n1047\n01:11:16.009 --> 01:11:17.909\nexplicitly
+ or was that not\nreally a part of that?\n\n1048\n01:11:17.909 --> 01:11:19.009\nThat
+ wasn''t a part of.\n\n1049\n01:11:19.009 --> 01:11:21.709\nThat wasn''t a part\nof
+ the discussion.\n\n1050\n01:11:24.590 --> 01:11:27.369\nSo you''re elected.\n\n1051\n01:11:27.369
+ --> 01:11:31.229\nAnd I show up the first day.\n\n1052\n01:11:31.229 --> 01:11:33.569\nWhat''s
+ the first day like?\n\n1053\n01:11:33.569 --> 01:11:37.849\nWell, I had a month
+ before.\n\n1054\n01:11:37.849 --> 01:11:43.709\nI''d been given briefs\nfor for
+ the Get to work.\n\n1055\n01:11:43.709 --> 01:11:53.309\nYes. For the argument calendar\nin
+ January of e three.\n\n1056\n01:11:53.830 --> 01:11:57.509\nAnd initially, I\nhad
+ been assigned\n\n1057\n01:11:57.509 --> 01:12:03.469\na case that was being\nheard
+ that first day.\n\n1058\n01:12:03.469 --> 01:12:04.829\nOkay.\n\n1059\n01:12:09.350
+ --> 01:12:13.209\nMind you. I hadn''t\n\n1060\n01:12:13.209 --> 01:12:17.269\nI
+ I didn''t know how the\nsystem worked, right?\n\n1061\n01:12:17.269 --> 01:12:20.469\nRight.
+ The norms, the\nprocesses the norms,\n\n1062\n01:12:20.469 --> 01:12:22.749\nthe
+ process any of it.\n\n1063\n01:12:24.470 --> 01:12:27.889\nAnd so I''m fast tracking,\n\n1064\n01:12:27.889
+ --> 01:12:30.129\ntrying to figure all this out.\n\n1065\n01:12:30.129 --> 01:12:34.909\nAnd
+ it turns out the\ncase that they gave me.\n\n1066\n01:12:34.909 --> 01:12:43.649\nI
+ had a conflict. So they\n\n1067\n01:12:43.649 --> 01:12:48.909\nswitched cases and
+ gave me\none for the second day.\n\n1068\n01:12:49.870 --> 01:12:52.969\nI was getting
+ my\nbaptism by fire.\n\n1069\n01:12:52.969 --> 01:12:54.189\nYeah.\n\n1070\n01:12:56.590
+ --> 01:13:03.149\nI you know, read the\nbriefs, prepared.\n\n1071\n01:13:04.070
+ --> 01:13:09.589\nDidn''t know what a and for\nmy case the second day,\n\n1072\n01:13:09.589
+ --> 01:13:14.129\nyou know, as you know, we\ndo a report to the court.\n\n1073\n01:13:14.129
+ --> 01:13:17.549\nI never done a\nreport to the court.\n\n1074\n01:13:17.549 -->
+ 01:13:20.349\nBecause I hadn''t been\non the court, right?\n\n1075\n01:13:22.270
+ --> 01:13:24.969\nBut I had to sort\nof figure that out,\n\n1076\n01:13:24.969 -->
+ 01:13:31.969\nbut I had no sort of\ncontext for doing that.\n\n1077\n01:13:31.969
+ --> 01:13:33.189\nYeah.\n\n1078\n01:13:33.750 --> 01:13:39.629\nAnd I was sworn\n\n1079\n01:13:39.629
+ --> 01:13:43.629\nin before the first\nargument the first day,\n\n1080\n01:13:43.629
+ --> 01:13:48.899\nand we were having a\npublic ceremony after it.\n\n1081\n01:13:48.899
+ --> 01:13:50.239\nThat very first day.\n\n1082\n01:13:50.239 --> 01:13:53.439\nThat
+ very first day,\npublic swearing in.\n\n1083\n01:13:53.439 --> 01:13:55.739\nThere
+ distractions beyond\nthe work of the court?\n\n1084\n01:13:55.739 --> 01:14:02.339\nOne
+ or two. Yeah. And sat\n\n1085\n01:14:02.339 --> 01:14:03.759\nthrough the one argument\n\n1086\n01:14:03.759
+ --> 01:14:06.499\nbecause I was recused\non the other.\n\n1087\n01:14:09.020 -->
+ 01:14:14.639\nBut sat through my\nfirst case conference\n\n1088\n01:14:14.639 -->
+ 01:14:18.979\nand learned what a\nreport was like.\n\n1089\n01:14:20.980 --> 01:14:24.740\nThrough
+ the public\nswearing in ceremony,\n\n1090\n01:14:24.740 --> 01:14:29.759\ncelebrate
+ with family, and\nat the end of the day,\n\n1091\n01:14:29.759 --> 01:14:32.779\nget
+ that report written.\n\n1092\n01:14:32.779 --> 01:14:34.279\nIs that report on your
+ mind\n\n1093\n01:14:34.279 --> 01:14:36.039\nkind of throughout\nthe day a little
+ bit?\n\n1094\n01:14:36.039 --> 01:14:37.739\nOh, absolutely.\nYeah, I got to get\n\n1095\n01:14:37.739
+ --> 01:14:39.679\nthat report. I got\nsome work to do.\n\n1096\n01:14:39.679 -->
+ 01:14:41.359\nI got some work\nto. At least now,\n\n1097\n01:14:41.359 --> 01:14:44.199\nI
+ know Yeah, what it is.\n\n1098\n01:14:44.199 --> 01:14:49.419\nRight. And the second
+ day,\n\n1099\n01:14:49.419 --> 01:14:55.399\nI had I had my we\nhad the two cases.\n\n1100\n01:14:55.399
+ --> 01:14:57.619\nI sat through, gave my report,\n\n1101\n01:14:57.619 --> 01:15:02.699\nand
+ That''s the way it began.\n\n1102\n01:15:02.699 --> 01:15:05.159\nWe don''t do that
+ anymore.\n\n1103\n01:15:05.159 --> 01:15:08.439\nAt least when I left the court,\n\n1104\n01:15:08.760
+ --> 01:15:14.319\nnew justices had some\ntime to learn the system.\n\n1105\n01:15:17.080
+ --> 01:15:19.279\nSo was that I mean,\n\n1106\n01:15:19.279 --> 01:15:21.719\ndo
+ you do you think\nback on the beyond\n\n1107\n01:15:21.719 --> 01:15:24.599\nthe
+ first day or to the first\nweek, the first month is?\n\n1108\n01:15:24.599 --> 01:15:26.739\nWas
+ it sort of because\n\n1109\n01:15:26.739 --> 01:15:29.339\nit was trial by fire
+ a\nlittle bit right away,\n\n1110\n01:15:29.339 --> 01:15:31.199\nthat it was a
+ easy transition.\n\n1111\n01:15:31.199 --> 01:15:35.060\nI mean, hard right away,
+ but\na quick one or Invigorating.\n\n1112\n01:15:35.060 --> 01:15:40.200\nYeah.
+ And a very\nquick transition.\n\n1113\n01:15:41.760 --> 01:15:44.679\nYou know,
+ as with anything new,\n\n1114\n01:15:44.679 --> 01:15:47.959\nparticularly in\nthe
+ world of work.\n\n1115\n01:15:49.600 --> 01:15:52.799\nYou don''t know the rules
+ and\n\n1116\n01:15:52.799 --> 01:15:55.879\nthe norms until\nyou violate them.\n\n1117\n01:15:55.879
+ --> 01:16:01.819\nAnd so you''re trying to figure\nit all out and you know,\n\n1118\n01:16:01.819
+ --> 01:16:03.399\nyou have your missteps\nalong the way,\n\n1119\n01:16:03.399 -->
+ 01:16:04.319\nbut you figured it out.\n\n1120\n01:16:04.319 --> 01:16:08.479\nSure.
+ And as with many things,\n\n1121\n01:16:08.479 --> 01:16:11.619\nthe question isn''t
+ whether\nyou made the mistake.\n\n1122\n01:16:11.619 --> 01:16:19.519\nWhat did
+ you learn from it?\nIn this particular instance,\n\n1123\n01:16:19.519 --> 01:16:23.120\nI
+ had to be a quick learner\nand I was. Absolutely.\n\n1124\n01:16:26.840 --> 01:16:32.719\nAnd
+ then, you know, you get\nthat first case behind you,\n\n1125\n01:16:32.719 --> 01:16:36.019\nthe
+ argument and the report.\n\n1126\n01:16:36.019 --> 01:16:39.539\nAnd then you got
+ to\nwrite an opinion.\n\n1127\n01:16:39.539 --> 01:16:41.839\nYou got more work
+ to\ndo. It''s not over.\n\n1128\n01:16:41.839 --> 01:16:45.019\nAnd having never
+ written\nan opinion before,\n\n1129\n01:16:45.019 --> 01:16:47.319\nyou have to
+ learn\nhow to do that.\n\n1130\n01:16:47.319 --> 01:16:50.199\nWhich is a whole
+ other\nbeast in and of itself.\n\n1131\n01:16:50.199 --> 01:16:52.739\nAbsolutely,
+ but I had\n\n1132\n01:16:52.739 --> 01:17:02.839\na good law cl I who\nhelped me
+ a lot.\n\n1133\n01:17:03.600 --> 01:17:10.919\nHe helped me a lot.\nAnd as over
+ the years,\n\n1134\n01:17:10.919 --> 01:17:13.739\nI had a bunch of great clerks\n\n1135\n01:17:13.739
+ --> 01:17:17.519\nwho made me look good\ntime and time again.\n\n1136\n01:17:20.120
+ --> 01:17:22.539\nI wanted to ask about clerks,\n\n1137\n01:17:22.539 --> 01:17:24.479\nnot
+ in a selfish\nway, but, you know,\n\n1138\n01:17:24.479 --> 01:17:25.779\nit''s
+ a part of it''s definitely\n\n1139\n01:17:25.779 --> 01:17:26.919\na part of your\nwork
+ on the court,\n\n1140\n01:17:26.919 --> 01:17:29.119\na daily work on the court.\n\n1141\n01:17:30.240
+ --> 01:17:36.019\nWhat did you look for in\na clerk and kind of I I\n\n1142\n01:17:36.019
+ --> 01:17:42.319\nlooked for people\nwho were curious.\n\n1143\n01:17:45.440 -->
+ 01:17:48.799\nPeople who had something in\n\n1144\n01:17:48.799 --> 01:17:53.399\ntheir
+ background that\nwas out of the norm.\n\n1145\n01:17:57.560 --> 01:18:00.619\nJustice
+ Garter ring\nused to refer to\n\n1146\n01:18:00.619 --> 01:18:03.659\nwhat she called
+ standard\nissue law students.\n\n1147\n01:18:03.659 --> 01:18:12.939\nSills. I didn''t
+ want\nstandard issue law clerks.\n\n1148\n01:18:12.939 --> 01:18:15.439\nI wanted
+ people\n\n1149\n01:18:24.160 --> 01:18:25.679\nObviously,\n\n1150\n01:18:25.679
+ --> 01:18:27.399\nyou want somebody\nthat can write.\n\n1151\n01:18:27.399 --> 01:18:29.979\nYou
+ want somebody that''s\ngoing to work hard.\n\n1152\n01:18:29.979 --> 01:18:32.359\nBut
+ you want\nsomebody who''s going\n\n1153\n01:18:32.359 --> 01:18:36.499\nto have
+ good judgment\nand a sense of\n\n1154\n01:18:36.499 --> 01:18:39.819\ncuriosity
+ to sort of look\nunder the rocks that\n\n1155\n01:18:39.819 --> 01:18:41.419\nneed
+ to be looked under\n\n1156\n01:18:41.419 --> 01:18:43.959\nand not under the\nones
+ that don''t,\n\n1157\n01:18:43.959 --> 01:18:46.539\nand who can figure\nthat out
+ quickly?\n\n1158\n01:18:46.539 --> 01:18:47.679\nYeah.\n\n1159\n01:18:51.040 -->
+ 01:18:57.929\nAnd who are\n\n1160\n01:18:57.929 --> 01:19:01.249\nwilling to or
+ who\n\n1161\n01:19:01.249 --> 01:19:04.309\nare willing to tell\nme when I was wrong.\n\n1162\n01:19:04.309
+ --> 01:19:07.309\nI didn''t I didn''t\nneed a law clerk or\n\n1163\n01:19:07.309
+ --> 01:19:12.489\na law clerks who would tell\nme what I want to hear.\n\n1164\n01:19:14.490
+ --> 01:19:20.830\nI''m I''m I don''t like surprises.\n\n1165\n01:19:20.830 --> 01:19:25.429\nAnd
+ so when I''m\nworking with a clerk,\n\n1166\n01:19:25.429 --> 01:19:28.329\nI want
+ the clerk to make\n\n1167\n01:19:28.329 --> 01:19:31.129\nsure there are no\nsurprises.
+ Right.\n\n1168\n01:19:35.250 --> 01:19:38.489\nAnd I was pretty\nlucky along the
+ way.\n\n1169\n01:19:38.489 --> 01:19:42.969\nAnd bunch of great writers\nyourself
+ included.\n\n1170\n01:19:42.969 --> 01:19:46.789\nHard workers curiosity,\nyou fit
+ the bill nicely.\n\n1171\n01:19:46.789 --> 01:19:52.689\nWell, it''s I always\ntalk
+ about too.\n\n1172\n01:19:52.689 --> 01:19:54.410\nIt''s one of those\nincredible
+ experiences\n\n1173\n01:19:54.410 --> 01:19:55.869\nwhere you get out of law school.\n\n1174\n01:19:55.869
+ --> 01:19:58.009\nAnd then the work in many ways,\n\n1175\n01:19:58.009 --> 01:20:00.149\nit
+ feels like some of\n\n1176\n01:20:00.149 --> 01:20:01.529\nthe most important\nwork
+ that you''ll\n\n1177\n01:20:01.529 --> 01:20:03.829\ndo as an attorney\nworking
+ on the court.\n\n1178\n01:20:03.829 --> 01:20:07.729\nSo pretty incredible experience.\n\n1179\n01:20:09.970
+ --> 01:20:15.089\nSo talk about I recall in\nthe year in your office.\n\n1180\n01:20:15.089
+ --> 01:20:16.269\nI should also note.\n\n1181\n01:20:16.269 --> 01:20:17.469\nYeah.\n\n1182\n01:20:19.270
+ --> 01:20:22.949\nI wanted diversity in my clerks.\n\n1183\n01:20:22.949 --> 01:20:23.929\nYeah.\n\n1184\n01:20:23.929
+ --> 01:20:29.349\nI wanted women. I wanted clerks\nwho were people of color.\n\n1185\n01:20:29.349
+ --> 01:20:32.829\nI wanted diversity\nin their, you know,\n\n1186\n01:20:32.829
+ --> 01:20:39.949\nwhere they came from, what\ntheir experiences were.\n\n1187\n01:20:39.949
+ --> 01:20:42.809\nBecause all of that\n\n1188\n01:20:42.809 --> 01:20:48.349\nmakes
+ all of that\nenriches the process.\n\n1189\n01:20:48.349 --> 01:20:57.139\nYeah.
+ And makes what I\ndo as a judge better,\n\n1190\n01:20:57.139 --> 01:21:04.359\nhaving
+ different views,\nways of looking at things.\n\n1191\n01:21:04.359 --> 01:21:07.859\nAnd
+ I mean, I think\nthat''s vital.\n\n1192\n01:21:07.859 --> 01:21:17.579\nYeah. Your
+ approach to\ntackling an opinion?\n\n1193\n01:21:17.579 --> 01:21:23.419\nI remember
+ You taking\nI think a lot of\n\n1194\n01:21:23.419 --> 01:21:30.620\njoy in peeling
+ apart the\nlayers, finding the resolution.\n\n1195\n01:21:30.620 --> 01:21:33.059\nAnd
+ obviously, as you''ve\nsaid many times before,\n\n1196\n01:21:33.059 --> 01:21:34.699\nnone
+ of the cases\nthat come before\n\n1197\n01:21:34.699 --> 01:21:37.599\nthe Minnesota
+ Supreme\nCourt are simple.\n\n1198\n01:21:37.599 --> 01:21:38.119\nNo.\n\n1199\n01:21:38.119
+ --> 01:21:39.679\nThey''re there because\nthey''re complex.\n\n1200\n01:21:39.679
+ --> 01:21:41.119\nTalk about a bit.\n\n1201\n01:21:41.119 --> 01:21:43.419\nThey''re
+ there because\nthey''re complex.\n\n1202\n01:21:43.419 --> 01:21:45.559\nThey''re
+ there because they''re\n\n1203\n01:21:45.559 --> 01:21:48.079\nimportant to the
+ people\ninvolved in them.\n\n1204\n01:21:48.079 --> 01:21:50.379\nRight? No matter
+ who they are,\n\n1205\n01:21:50.379 --> 01:21:59.999\nwhether it''s the\n\n1206\n01:21:59.999
+ --> 01:22:02.099\nfifth petition\n\n1207\n01:22:02.099 --> 01:22:11.399\nfor review
+ from a post\nconviction inmate?\n\n1208\n01:22:11.399 --> 01:22:17.000\nOr, you
+ know, some\nlarge corporation.\n\n1209\n01:22:17.000 --> 01:22:19.819\nIt''s important
+ to\nit''s important to\n\n1210\n01:22:19.819 --> 01:22:23.119\nthe people that we
+ serve.\n\n1211\n01:22:23.119 --> 01:22:25.359\nIt''s important to the\npeople of
+ the state.\n\n1212\n01:22:25.359 --> 01:22:30.499\nYeah. That we do\n\n1213\n01:22:30.499
+ --> 01:22:37.279\nit well and that we do\nit as right as we can.\n\n1214\n01:22:38.000
+ --> 01:22:45.989\nAnd I Opinion writing\n\n1215\n01:22:45.989 --> 01:22:51.809\nis
+ on any given day,\n\n1216\n01:22:51.809 --> 01:22:54.669\nI will tell you that\nit''s
+ more art than\n\n1217\n01:22:54.669 --> 01:22:58.989\nscience or that it''s\nmore
+ science than art.\n\n1218\n01:22:58.989 --> 01:23:00.369\nRight.\n\n1219\n01:23:00.370
+ --> 01:23:04.009\nIt''s really a\ncombination of both.\n\n1220\n01:23:10.970 -->
+ 01:23:20.369\nFor me, it was very\nimportant to work with\n\n1221\n01:23:20.369
+ --> 01:23:30.529\nthe words so that what the\nopinion said was clear,\n\n1222\n01:23:30.730
+ --> 01:23:38.829\neasily understood, easily\nread, and helpful.\n\n1223\n01:23:38.829
+ --> 01:23:44.979\nYeah. And to do that for me,\n\n1224\n01:23:44.979 --> 01:23:50.819\nit
+ was about making sure\n\n1225\n01:23:50.819 --> 01:23:58.119\nthat there were no\nunintended
+ words,\n\n1226\n01:23:58.119 --> 01:24:01.719\nmuch less unintended ideas,\n\n1227\n01:24:02.200
+ --> 01:24:04.859\nbut no unintended words\n\n1228\n01:24:04.859 --> 01:24:08.719\nthat
+ every word\nwas thought about.\n\n1229\n01:24:10.720 --> 01:24:18.359\nPardon me.
+ That every\nword was where it was\n\n1230\n01:24:19.830 --> 01:24:24.809\nin the
+ sentence because that''s\n\n1231\n01:24:24.809 --> 01:24:27.689\nthe best use of
+ the word in\n\n1232\n01:24:27.689 --> 01:24:30.350\ncommunicating the idea that\nyou''re
+ trying to communicate?\n\n1233\n01:24:30.350 --> 01:24:32.569\nYeah. That every
+ sentence in\n\n1234\n01:24:32.569 --> 01:24:35.529\nthe paragraph was where it was,\n\n1235\n01:24:35.529
+ --> 01:24:39.949\nbecause that was the best way\n\n1236\n01:24:39.949 --> 01:24:41.429\nto
+ communicate what\nyou were trying\n\n1237\n01:24:41.429 --> 01:24:43.189\nto communicate
+ in the paragraph.\n\n1238\n01:24:43.189 --> 01:24:47.609\nThat every paragraph in
+ the\nopinion was where it was,\n\n1239\n01:24:47.609 --> 01:24:56.469\nbecause that''s
+ where it was\nmost helpful. I suspect that\n\n1240\n01:24:57.640 --> 01:25:03.160\nYou
+ clerks probably thought\nI was a little obsessive.\n\n1241\n01:25:06.760 --> 01:25:09.840\nAnd
+ maybe even a\nlittle compulsive,\n\n1242\n01:25:09.840 --> 01:25:15.299\nbut certainly
+ obsessive\nabout words. How we Yeah.\n\n1243\n01:25:15.299 --> 01:25:17.799\nHow
+ we used the language.\n\n1244\n01:25:17.799 --> 01:25:20.579\nBut that was important
+ to me.\n\n1245\n01:25:20.579 --> 01:25:24.499\nThat was very important to me.\n\n1246\n01:25:24.499
+ --> 01:25:26.039\nI remember you\ntalking right away\n\n1247\n01:25:26.039 --> 01:25:28.079\nabout
+ the purpose of every word.\n\n1248\n01:25:28.079 --> 01:25:30.559\nIt doesn''t have
+ a\nrole that''s not there\n\n1249\n01:25:30.559 --> 01:25:33.419\nfor a reason.
+ Gone. Get it out.\n\n1250\n01:25:33.419 --> 01:25:38.249\nNo. I mean, If it\ndoesn''t
+ have a reason,\n\n1251\n01:25:38.249 --> 01:25:39.649\nit''s not helping anybody.\n\n1252\n01:25:39.649
+ --> 01:25:41.669\nYeah. All it does\n\n1253\n01:25:41.669 --> 01:25:47.049\nis add
+ length and the\npotential for confusion.\n\n1254\n01:25:47.049 --> 01:25:50.090\nAnd
+ the potential\nfor interpretation\n\n1255\n01:25:50.090 --> 01:25:53.749\ndifferently
+ than the\nintended what you intended.\n\n1256\n01:25:53.749 --> 01:25:57.109\nRight.
+ Right. I\nremember that lesson.\n\n1257\n01:25:57.109 --> 01:25:59.389\nThat sticks
+ with me for sure.\n\n1258\n01:26:02.040 --> 01:26:04.739\nI was always struck with\n\n1259\n01:26:04.739
+ --> 01:26:06.779\nthe collegiality and\nrapport on the court.\n\n1260\n01:26:06.779
+ --> 01:26:09.739\nYou know, it was\na serious place,\n\n1261\n01:26:09.739 --> 01:26:11.779\nand
+ a lot of important work,\n\n1262\n01:26:11.779 --> 01:26:15.659\nbut I also remember\nat
+ least feeling\n\n1263\n01:26:15.659 --> 01:26:18.319\nlike the justices had a lot
+ of\n\n1264\n01:26:18.319 --> 01:26:21.199\nrespect for one another and\nwere good
+ friends as well.\n\n1265\n01:26:21.199 --> 01:26:22.879\nCan you speak to\nthat
+ a little bit?\n\n1266\n01:26:22.879 --> 01:26:26.200\nWell, you know,\nit''s interesting.\n\n1267\n01:26:26.200
+ --> 01:26:31.819\nYou have seven people and\nchanging all the time.\n\n1268\n01:26:31.819
+ --> 01:26:39.799\nMh. Who have big brains.\n\n1269\n01:26:40.400 --> 01:26:42.499\nWho
+ would like to think they''re\n\n1270\n01:26:42.499 --> 01:26:44.719\nthe smartest
+ one in the room,\n\n1271\n01:26:45.920 --> 01:26:55.319\nwho have views that conflict
+ and\n\n1272\n01:26:55.319 --> 01:27:02.579\nwho feel\n\n1273\n01:27:02.579 --> 01:27:06.519\nstrongly
+ about their opinions.\n\n1274\n01:27:08.840 --> 01:27:11.939\nBut we''ve been lucky
+ here in\n\n1275\n01:27:11.939 --> 01:27:17.020\nMinnesota to have\npeople understand\n\n1276\n01:27:17.020
+ --> 01:27:25.379\nthat the\n\n1277\n01:27:25.379 --> 01:27:27.879\ninstitution is\n\n1278\n01:27:27.879
+ --> 01:27:30.539\nmore important than\nany one of us.\n\n1279\n01:27:30.700 -->
+ 01:27:33.880\nAnd institutionally,\n\n1280\n01:27:33.880 --> 01:27:39.220\nit is
+ important to maintain\nthat collegiality.\n\n1281\n01:27:39.220 --> 01:27:48.689\nMm.
+ Even when you\ncolleagues, in your view,\n\n1282\n01:27:48.689 --> 01:27:53.149\nare
+ so far wrong that you\n\n1283\n01:27:53.149 --> 01:27:59.309\ncan''t understand
+ how they\ncould poly possibly be there.\n\n1284\n01:28:00.830 --> 01:28:08.509\nAnd
+ sometimes the\ntension is pretty high.\n\n1285\n01:28:08.750 --> 01:28:11.569\nBut
+ in the end, you\nhave to understand\n\n1286\n01:28:11.569 --> 01:28:16.430\nthat
+ it''s about the institution\n\n1287\n01:28:16.430 --> 01:28:18.269\nand the work.
+ It''s not about me.\n\n1288\n01:28:18.269 --> 01:28:19.469\nRight.\n\n1289\n01:28:19.469
+ --> 01:28:25.009\nAnd also you have\nto understand that\n\n1290\n01:28:25.009 -->
+ 01:28:29.649\nsomeday You may need\n\n1291\n01:28:29.649 --> 01:28:35.789\nthat
+ colleague to get\nwhere you want to go.\n\n1292\n01:28:35.789 --> 01:28:37.969\nSure.
+ In a particular case,\n\n1293\n01:28:37.969 --> 01:28:40.289\nwhere you think a\ncase
+ should go?\n\n1294\n01:28:40.289 --> 01:28:43.589\nI when I first got on the court,\n\n1295\n01:28:43.589
+ --> 01:28:45.989\nI would hear these stories\nabout what was going on\n\n1296\n01:28:45.989
+ --> 01:28:51.589\nin other states with\ntheir Supreme Courts.\n\n1297\n01:28:52.030
+ --> 01:28:58.649\nJustices inviting one another\n\n1298\n01:28:58.649 --> 01:29:01.789\nout
+ into the court\nor to have a fight.\n\n1299\n01:29:01.789 --> 01:29:08.299\nYeah.
+ Justices showing up\n\n1300\n01:29:08.299 --> 01:29:12.239\nat conference and placing\n\n1301\n01:29:12.239
+ --> 01:29:15.739\nthe handgun on the\nconference table.\n\n1302\n01:29:20.180 -->
+ 01:29:28.099\nHow does that work? How can\nyou have a justice system\n\n1303\n01:29:33.940
+ --> 01:29:40.639\nthat or that\n\n1304\n01:29:40.639 --> 01:29:47.639\nthe the members\n\n1305\n01:29:47.639
+ --> 01:29:51.959\nof which of their courts are so\n\n1306\n01:29:51.959 --> 01:29:58.059\nantagonistic
+ with one another\nthat they can''t be civil.\n\n1307\n01:29:59.380 --> 01:30:06.019\nEven,
+ you know, under pressure.\n\n1308\n01:30:06.019 --> 01:30:09.779\nHow do you reach
+ good\ndecisions doing that?\n\n1309\n01:30:09.779 --> 01:30:15.659\nYeah. I don''t
+ think you\ncan. One of the things that\n\n1310\n01:30:19.450 --> 01:30:22.189\nThat
+ was also, I\nthink, important for\n\n1311\n01:30:22.189 --> 01:30:26.609\nour court
+ during\nmy time there to\n\n1312\n01:30:26.609 --> 01:30:33.369\nensure the understanding
+ that\n\n1313\n01:30:33.369 --> 01:30:36.409\nColegiality was important and\n\n1314\n01:30:36.409
+ --> 01:30:39.309\nthat it''s the\ninstitution, it''s not us.\n\n1315\n01:30:39.750
+ --> 01:30:45.289\nWas it we in our conference.\n\n1316\n01:30:45.289 --> 01:30:47.349\nYou
+ know, there are seven of us.\n\n1317\n01:30:47.349 --> 01:30:50.269\nWe know each
+ other\nby first name.\n\n1318\n01:30:50.910 --> 01:30:55.189\nWe refer to each other\nas
+ justice so and so.\n\n1319\n01:30:55.510 --> 01:30:57.629\nJust to make it clear
+ in\n\n1320\n01:30:57.629 --> 01:31:00.689\nour own minds and\neverybody else in
+ the room\n\n1321\n01:31:00.689 --> 01:31:08.519\nthat This is an institutional\ndecision
+ we''re making.\n\n1322\n01:31:08.519 --> 01:31:11.979\nThis is the institution\nthat
+ is acting.\n\n1323\n01:31:11.979 --> 01:31:15.119\nIt''s not me, Alan Paige,\nmaking
+ a decision.\n\n1324\n01:31:15.119 --> 01:31:21.000\nRight. I''m making it on\nbehalf
+ of this institution.\n\n1325\n01:31:21.760 --> 01:31:24.479\nAnd you know, and it''s
+ a way to\n\n1326\n01:31:24.479 --> 01:31:26.739\nsort of force you to treat\npeople
+ with respect?\n\n1327\n01:31:26.739 --> 01:31:27.819\nSure.\n\n1328\n01:31:27.819
+ --> 01:31:31.839\nAnd I think it served us well.\n\n1329\n01:31:32.760 --> 01:31:35.519\nThose
+ small things\nare not small things.\n\n1330\n01:31:35.519 --> 01:31:37.719\nThey''re
+ not not small at all.\n\n1331\n01:31:37.719 --> 01:31:40.879\nRight. Not small at
+ all. Right.\n\n1332\n01:31:44.050 --> 01:31:48.769\nYou talk a little\nbit about
+ you know,\n\n1333\n01:31:48.769 --> 01:31:51.909\nthe first of the critical first\n\n1334\n01:31:51.909
+ --> 01:31:53.049\nof being the first African\n\n1335\n01:31:53.049 --> 01:31:55.649\nAmerican
+ Minnesota\nSupreme Court Justice.\n\n1336\n01:31:55.649 --> 01:31:58.309\nJust sort
+ of looking\nback and thinking\n\n1337\n01:31:58.309 --> 01:32:01.769\nabout the
+ role of that first\nin your work on the court.\n\n1338\n01:32:07.690 --> 01:32:10.589\nI
+ have a hard time doing that\n\n1339\n01:32:10.589 --> 01:32:15.529\nbecause that
+ wasn''t\nwhat it was about.\n\n1340\n01:32:15.529 --> 01:32:16.849\nYeah.\n\n1341\n01:32:17.930
+ --> 01:32:21.249\nInstitutionally, I\nthink it''s important.\n\n1342\n01:32:21.249
+ --> 01:32:27.849\nThat there had to be a first.\n\n1343\n01:32:27.849 --> 01:32:29.169\nRight?\n\n1344\n01:32:31.250
+ --> 01:32:33.829\nInstitutionally,\nit would have been\n\n1345\n01:32:33.829 -->
+ 01:32:37.409\nbetter had it been\nsomebody long before me.\n\n1346\n01:32:37.409
+ --> 01:32:42.809\nYeah. The fact that it finally\n\n1347\n01:32:42.809 --> 01:32:49.389\nhappened
+ that\n\n1348\n01:32:49.389 --> 01:32:54.809\nwe finally opened the door,\n\n1349\n01:32:54.809
+ --> 01:32:57.569\nif you will, for\npeople of color.\n\n1350\n01:33:00.320 --> 01:33:03.020\nI
+ think it was very significant.\n\n1351\n01:33:03.020 --> 01:33:07.379\nYeah. I think
+ equally\nsignificant was the fact\n\n1352\n01:33:07.379 --> 01:33:12.539\nthat when
+ I joined the court,\n\n1353\n01:33:12.539 --> 01:33:15.799\nthe court was a\nmajority
+ of women.\n\n1354\n01:33:15.799 --> 01:33:17.599\nThat''s right.\n\n1355\n01:33:18.280
+ --> 01:33:21.499\nPeople would ask me, what''s it\n\n1356\n01:33:21.499 --> 01:33:24.959\nlike
+ serving on a court with\na majority of women, right?\n\n1357\n01:33:24.959 --> 01:33:27.839\nAnd
+ of course, having not served\n\n1358\n01:33:27.839 --> 01:33:30.439\non a court
+ that wasn''t\na majority of women,\n\n1359\n01:33:30.439 --> 01:33:34.119\nI thought
+ wasn''t a\nnatural order of things.\n\n1360\n01:33:35.880 --> 01:33:39.419\nBut
+ those things are important.\n\n1361\n01:33:39.419 --> 01:33:47.819\nYeah. That judicial
+ that people\n\n1362\n01:33:47.819 --> 01:33:53.079\nwho serve in our judicial system\n\n1363\n01:33:53.280
+ --> 01:33:57.439\nreflect the people\nof this state.\n\n1364\n01:34:00.030 --> 01:34:09.609\nI''ve
+ said many times\nthat the only power\n\n1365\n01:34:09.609 --> 01:34:14.869\nthat
+ courts have is\n\n1366\n01:34:14.869 --> 01:34:19.749\nfound in the trust and confidence\nof
+ the people we serve.\n\n1367\n01:34:21.550 --> 01:34:29.299\nAnd the less the members\n\n1368\n01:34:29.299
+ --> 01:34:33.339\nof the judiciary look like\nthe people they serve,\n\n1369\n01:34:33.339
+ --> 01:34:38.719\nthe less trust and confidence\nour judiciary will have.\n\n1370\n01:34:38.719
+ --> 01:34:44.119\nRight. And so I\n\n1371\n01:34:44.119 --> 01:34:50.799\nthink
+ finally\nbreaking that barrier\n\n1372\n01:34:50.799 --> 01:34:53.959\nwas critically
+ important. Right.\n\n1373\n01:34:57.970 --> 01:35:00.989\nOn that note, I mean,\n\n1374\n01:35:00.989
+ --> 01:35:04.209\nearly on in your\ntenure as a justice,\n\n1375\n01:35:04.209 -->
+ 01:35:05.889\nand I want to get this right,\n\n1376\n01:35:05.889 --> 01:35:09.349\nyour
+ service on the Minnesota\nSupreme Court Task Force\n\n1377\n01:35:09.349 --> 01:35:11.429\non
+ racial bias in\nthe Judicial system.\n\n1378\n01:35:11.429 --> 01:35:14.090\nYes.
+ Reports issued in 1993.\n\n1379\n01:35:14.090 --> 01:35:16.209\nSix months after
+ I\njoined the court?\n\n1380\n01:35:16.209 --> 01:35:17.869\nRight. And you were
+ involved.\n\n1381\n01:35:17.869 --> 01:35:20.829\nCan you Well, I can you\ndescribe
+ that a little bit,\n\n1382\n01:35:20.829 --> 01:35:22.750\nor what was what was\nyour
+ participation?\n\n1383\n01:35:22.750 --> 01:35:23.909\nWhat was your experience?\n\n1384\n01:35:23.909
+ --> 01:35:27.109\nI I became the chair of\n\n1385\n01:35:27.109 --> 01:35:31.249\nthe
+ committee that was\ngoing to implement.\n\n1386\n01:35:31.249 --> 01:35:35.009\nRight.
+ The taskforce Report.\n\n1387\n01:35:42.170 --> 01:35:46.249\nThat was challenging
+ for me.\n\n1388\n01:35:46.450 --> 01:35:49.849\nRemember, my interest in\n\n1389\n01:35:49.849
+ --> 01:35:56.210\nthe law was the law and not\nin being an administrative?\n\n1390\n01:35:56.210
+ --> 01:36:01.109\nRight. And so from\nthat standpoint, Yeah.\n\n1391\n01:36:01.109
+ --> 01:36:04.909\nOne of the things that\nnot only that committee,\n\n1392\n01:36:04.909
+ --> 01:36:09.970\nbut all we had various\ncommittee assignments.\n\n1393\n01:36:12.340
+ --> 01:36:15.920\nI have to say those\ncommittee assignments\n\n1394\n01:36:15.920
+ --> 01:36:20.819\nwere not my favorite part\nof being on the court.\n\n1395\n01:36:20.819
+ --> 01:36:25.179\nSure. But this was an\nimportant one. Mm hm.\n\n1396\n01:36:25.179
+ --> 01:36:28.179\nAnd, you know, we ended\n\n1397\n01:36:28.179 --> 01:36:37.859\nup
+ working through the depending\non how you count them,\n\n1398\n01:36:37.859 -->
+ 01:36:42.220\nthe hundred plus\nrecommendations.\n\n1399\n01:36:43.380 --> 01:36:47.820\nPretty
+ much most of\nthem being implemented.\n\n1400\n01:36:48.700 --> 01:36:50.739\nBut\n\n1401\n01:36:59.270
+ --> 01:37:00.389\nand\n\n1402\n01:37:00.389 --> 01:37:08.209\nthe implementation\nmade
+ things better,\n\n1403\n01:37:08.209 --> 01:37:11.109\nbut it didn''t solve the
+ problem.\n\n1404\n01:37:11.109 --> 01:37:13.509\nRight. It was a little\n\n1405\n01:37:22.250
+ --> 01:37:27.229\nI think we made very\nincremental progress.\n\n1406\n01:37:27.229
+ --> 01:37:32.369\nThe disparities that\ncame out of the report,\n\n1407\n01:37:32.530
+ --> 01:37:36.109\nparticularly in the\ncriminal justice area,\n\n1408\n01:37:36.109
+ --> 01:37:42.130\nwhere African Americans,\n\n1409\n01:37:42.130 --> 01:37:47.849\npeople
+ of color arrest stopped,\n\n1410\n01:37:49.410 --> 01:37:55.929\ncharged given higher
+ bail.\n\n1411\n01:37:56.320 --> 01:38:02.059\nLess fair trials, higher\nconviction
+ rates,\n\n1412\n01:38:02.059 --> 01:38:06.799\nlonger sentences, all\nthings being
+ equal.\n\n1413\n01:38:07.880 --> 01:38:11.619\nThat hasn''t that hasn''t ended.\n\n1414\n01:38:11.619
+ --> 01:38:14.559\nAnd that''s just on the\ncriminal justice side.\n\n1415\n01:38:14.559
+ --> 01:38:16.159\nThere''s the juvenile justice\n\n1416\n01:38:16.159 --> 01:38:19.799\nand
+ all the other\naspects of the report.\n\n1417\n01:38:20.200 --> 01:38:23.799\nI''ve
+ more or less come\nto the conclusion\n\n1418\n01:38:23.799 --> 01:38:31.809\nthat
+ before real change\nis going to happen.\n\n1419\n01:38:31.809 --> 01:38:38.429\nWe
+ have to take\n\n1420\n01:38:38.429 --> 01:38:46.269\na more fundamental look at\nwhat
+ our law is grounded in.\n\n1421\n01:38:47.870 --> 01:38:54.350\nWhich is to say,
+ it''s\ngrounded in a constitution\n\n1422\n01:38:54.350 --> 01:39:03.249\nthat counted
+ those imported\n\n1423\n01:39:03.249 --> 01:39:06.209\nas slaves as three\nfifths
+ of person.\n\n1424\n01:39:06.970 --> 01:39:09.149\nAnd while we''ve had\n\n1425\n01:39:09.149
+ --> 01:39:19.289\nthe 13th 14th and 15th\namendments ending slavery,\n\n1426\n01:39:19.289
+ --> 01:39:27.449\nensuring due process and\n\n1427\n01:39:30.330 --> 01:39:33.729\nguaranteeing
+ the right to vote\n\n1428\n01:39:36.180 --> 01:39:40.159\nThe law itself the\nfoundation
+ is still on\n\n1429\n01:39:40.159 --> 01:39:43.959\ncases that arose out of slavery.\n\n1430\n01:39:43.959
+ --> 01:39:47.899\nRight. And we''ve got\nto figure out how to\n\n1431\n01:39:48.100
+ --> 01:39:55.139\ntease that out of it before\nwe have fundamental change.\n\n1432\n01:39:55.139
+ --> 01:39:57.619\nStructural fundamental\nchange. Yeah. Right.\n\n1433\n01:39:57.619
+ --> 01:40:04.459\nIt''s at systemic problem.\n\n1434\n01:40:10.390 --> 01:40:12.989\nWhat
+ about Justice Page,\n\n1435\n01:40:12.989 --> 01:40:18.789\nany notable opinions,
+ dissents,\n\n1436\n01:40:18.789 --> 01:40:22.889\nAnything come to mind.\nYou wrote
+ a lot.\n\n1437\n01:40:22.889 --> 01:40:24.309\nSo it''s a big body of work,\n\n1438\n01:40:24.309
+ --> 01:40:25.469\nbut\n\n1439\n01:40:29.110 --> 01:40:35.759\nI I have\n\n1440\n01:40:35.759
+ --> 01:40:40.239\nnever in my own head,\n\n1441\n01:40:40.239 --> 01:40:45.479\nquantified
+ or qualified,\nwhether it was\n\n1442\n01:40:45.479 --> 01:40:51.779\na dissent
+ or an opinion in\nterms of its importance.\n\n1443\n01:40:51.779 --> 01:40:55.499\nBecause
+ it seems to me\nthat once you do that,\n\n1444\n01:40:55.499 --> 01:40:59.059\nonce
+ you decide that this one\n\n1445\n01:40:59.059 --> 01:41:01.359\nis more important
+ than that one,\n\n1446\n01:41:01.359 --> 01:41:05.160\nyou start doing both\nof
+ them a disservice.\n\n1447\n01:41:05.160 --> 01:41:08.819\nAnd so I took each one
+ as they\n\n1448\n01:41:08.819 --> 01:41:12.899\ncame and tried to put the same\n\n1449\n01:41:14.900
+ --> 01:41:21.719\nEnergy and effort into\ntrying to get it right.\n\n1450\n01:41:21.719
+ --> 01:41:24.859\nYeah. And again, as I say,\n\n1451\n01:41:24.859 --> 01:41:30.899\nwhether
+ it was that fifth\npost conviction petition or,\n\n1452\n01:41:31.220 --> 01:41:40.379\nyou
+ know, some mega million\ndollar corporate issue.\n\n1453\n01:41:43.020 --> 01:41:46.019\nThe
+ people who come before\n\n1454\n01:41:46.019 --> 01:41:50.679\nus deserve to have\nour
+ fulest attention.\n\n1455\n01:41:50.679 --> 01:41:54.999\nMm hmm. And so\n\n1456\n01:41:54.999
+ --> 01:41:57.399\nI just don''t qualify him and\n\n1457\n01:41:57.399 --> 01:42:00.819\nquantify
+ him that way.\nThink of it as that, right?\n\n1458\n01:42:03.650 --> 01:42:08.729\nSo
+ during your\ntenure in the court,\n\n1459\n01:42:08.729 --> 01:42:10.889\none thing
+ I wanted to ask\nyou about too is just\n\n1460\n01:42:10.889 --> 01:42:14.809\nsort
+ of the interplay,\n\n1461\n01:42:14.809 --> 01:42:18.389\nif you think of there
+ being\none at all between your kind\n\n1462\n01:42:18.389 --> 01:42:20.069\nof continued\ncommunity
+ engagement\n\n1463\n01:42:20.069 --> 01:42:21.529\nand still working on the court.\n\n1464\n01:42:21.529
+ --> 01:42:23.729\nYou know, we would I\nthink back a lot on\n\n1465\n01:42:23.729
+ --> 01:42:26.429\ngoing and reading with you\n\n1466\n01:42:26.429 --> 01:42:28.869\nand
+ other staff in\nthe court reading to\n\n1467\n01:42:28.869 --> 01:42:30.189\nelementary
+ school kids on\n\n1468\n01:42:30.189 --> 01:42:32.669\nWednesdays or\nwhatever day
+ it was.\n\n1469\n01:42:32.669 --> 01:42:38.109\nThat community\nengagement and You
+ know,\n\n1470\n01:42:38.109 --> 01:42:40.949\ndid that play a role in\nyour work
+ as a justice?\n\n1471\n01:42:40.949 --> 01:42:42.849\nDid you see it\nsort of separately\n\n1472\n01:42:42.849
+ --> 01:42:46.649\nor was it related and\ndidn''t inform your work?\n\n1473\n01:42:46.649
+ --> 01:42:49.029\nOh, I think everything we do,\n\n1474\n01:42:49.029 --> 01:42:51.909\nour
+ lives inform our work.\n\n1475\n01:42:51.909 --> 01:42:56.609\nI don''t know that
+ I, you know,\n\n1476\n01:42:56.609 --> 01:42:59.029\nreading with kids\nor my involvement\n\n1477\n01:42:59.029
+ --> 01:43:00.849\nto the extent that I had it,\n\n1478\n01:43:00.849 --> 01:43:02.809\nwhich
+ was quite limited, right?\n\n1479\n01:43:02.809 --> 01:43:05.429\nThe Page Education
+ Foundation.\n\n1480\n01:43:06.630 --> 01:43:09.469\nInfluenced my work directly.\n\n1481\n01:43:09.469
+ --> 01:43:11.129\nBut it''s a part of who I am.\n\n1482\n01:43:11.129 --> 01:43:20.049\nRight.
+ And being engaged in\nthe community around us at\n\n1483\n01:43:20.049 --> 01:43:22.269\nsome
+ level helps us\n\n1484\n01:43:22.269 --> 01:43:31.329\nunderstand those people\nwe
+ are a part of,\n\n1485\n01:43:31.329 --> 01:43:32.849\nbut also who we represent.\n\n1486\n01:43:32.849
+ --> 01:43:34.269\nMm hm.\n\n1487\n01:43:34.270 --> 01:43:40.989\nAnd I think it\n\n1488\n01:43:40.989
+ --> 01:43:42.289\nwould be a mistake to be\n\n1489\n01:43:42.289 --> 01:43:46.509\nisolated
+ and not a part\nof the world around us.\n\n1490\n01:43:46.509 --> 01:43:49.649\nYeah.
+ To the extent obviously,\n\n1491\n01:43:49.649 --> 01:43:50.889\nto the extent possible.\n\n1492\n01:43:50.889
+ --> 01:43:54.790\nYeah. To the extent that it\ndoesn''t create conflicts.\n\n1493\n01:43:54.790
+ --> 01:44:04.189\nYeah. You''ve had some\ntime now after retiring,\n\n1494\n01:44:04.189
+ --> 01:44:11.069\nI suppose to think\nback any Well,\n\n1495\n01:44:11.069 --> 01:44:15.549\nIs
+ I guess maybe the question\nis in thinking about it.\n\n1496\n01:44:15.549 --> 01:44:18.430\nThis
+ kind of gets to maybe\nsome final reflections\n\n1497\n01:44:18.430 --> 01:44:20.589\nabout
+ your time on the court.\n\n1498\n01:44:20.910 --> 01:44:23.609\nIt''s a big question,\nbut
+ what is it you\n\n1499\n01:44:23.609 --> 01:44:26.350\nknow, personally\nand professionally?\n\n1500\n01:44:26.350
+ --> 01:44:30.629\nCan you put into words what\nthe service meant to you?\n\n1501\n01:44:33.030
+ --> 01:44:35.569\nWell, for me, it was the most\n\n1502\n01:44:35.569 --> 01:44:37.949\nin
+ terms of my\nprofessional life,\n\n1503\n01:44:37.949 --> 01:44:41.109\nthe most
+ fulfilling\nthing I''ve ever done.\n\n1504\n01:44:42.150 --> 01:44:50.469\nThe challenges
+ of working\nwith seven other people.\n\n1505\n01:44:54.520 --> 01:44:57.459\nI mean,
+ I looked\n\n1506\n01:44:57.459 --> 01:45:00.039\nforward every day when\nI was on
+ the court.\n\n1507\n01:45:00.039 --> 01:45:03.579\nParticularly to\nthose days where
+ we\n\n1508\n01:45:03.579 --> 01:45:07.600\nwould hear argument\nand have conferences,\n\n1509\n01:45:07.600
+ --> 01:45:14.979\nbecause every conference,\nyou got stretched in ways\n\n1510\n01:45:14.979
+ --> 01:45:22.919\nthat You would never You\nwould never get stretched.\n\n1511\n01:45:22.919
+ --> 01:45:26.299\nAnd I love that.\n\n1512\n01:45:26.299 --> 01:45:29.099\nTrying
+ to understand what\n\n1513\n01:45:29.099 --> 01:45:31.699\nyour colleagues are\nsaying
+ and thinking,\n\n1514\n01:45:31.699 --> 01:45:34.319\ntrying to understand\nwhat
+ you''re thinking in\n\n1515\n01:45:34.319 --> 01:45:36.799\nthe context of what
+ they''re\nsaying and thinking,\n\n1516\n01:45:36.799 --> 01:45:39.359\nand trying
+ to understand\nwhat you''re thinking.\n\n1517\n01:45:39.359 --> 01:45:41.799\nYour
+ thought process is, right?\n\n1518\n01:45:41.799 --> 01:45:47.579\nAnd working through
+ all that.\nDoesn''t get any better.\n\n1519\n01:45:47.579 --> 01:45:50.479\nSometimes
+ arriving\nat unexpected places\n\n1520\n01:45:50.479 --> 01:45:52.079\ntoo. All
+ the time.\n\n1521\n01:45:52.079 --> 01:45:58.839\nAll the time. Arriving\nat expected
+ places,\n\n1522\n01:45:58.839 --> 01:46:02.199\narriving at places that\non a personal
+ level,\n\n1523\n01:46:02.199 --> 01:46:04.479\nyou wouldn''t want to arrive at.\n\n1524\n01:46:04.479
+ --> 01:46:09.639\nYou would. If I could\ndecide this on my own,\n\n1525\n01:46:09.639
+ --> 01:46:16.319\nI would not this is\nnot what I would do.\n\n1526\n01:46:16.319
+ --> 01:46:17.099\nYeah.\n\n1527\n01:46:17.099 --> 01:46:21.579\nBut not my choice.
+ You know,\n\n1528\n01:46:24.210 --> 01:46:29.549\nOne of the a\n\n1529\n01:46:29.549
+ --> 01:46:34.929\nlittle bit disconcerting\nthings about our society.\n\n1530\n01:46:35.170
+ --> 01:46:45.969\nI don''t think people understand\nhow important it is for\n\n1531\n01:46:45.969
+ --> 01:46:51.629\njudges to be impartial and\n\n1532\n01:46:51.629 --> 01:46:59.609\nto
+ exercise their judgment\nand not impose their will.\n\n1533\n01:46:59.609 --> 01:47:06.039\nMm
+ hmm. And just the challenge\n\n1534\n01:47:06.039 --> 01:47:07.439\nof doing that
+ all the time.\n\n1535\n01:47:07.439 --> 01:47:08.359\nYeah.\n\n1536\n01:47:08.359
+ --> 01:47:11.139\nAnd trying to get that right.\n\n1537\n01:47:11.139 --> 01:47:17.159\nIt''s
+ all very very much fun.\n\n1538\n01:47:17.159 --> 01:47:25.340\nYeah. Very invigorating,\nvery
+ satisfying.\n\n1539\n01:47:25.340 --> 01:47:26.499\nYeah.\n\n1540\n01:47:28.580
+ --> 01:47:32.379\nAnd hopefully in the end,\n\n1541\n01:47:39.790 --> 01:47:43.389\nI
+ did it as well\nas I could do it.\n\n1542\n01:47:43.990 --> 01:47:47.469\nLeave
+ that up to to\nothers to decide.\n\n1543\n01:47:47.469 --> 01:47:54.229\nSure. But
+ that was\ncertainly my goal.\n\n1544\n01:47:54.229 --> 01:48:02.149\nYeah. And I
+ enjoyed every\nminute of it along the way.\n\n1545\n01:48:03.690 --> 01:48:06.409\nWhat
+ about the\nfuture of the court?\n\n1546\n01:48:06.409 --> 01:48:09.049\nYou''re
+ not on it,\nobviously anymore,\n\n1547\n01:48:09.049 --> 01:48:13.969\nbut thinking
+ about\nchallenges. Hopes.\n\n1548\n01:48:13.969 --> 01:48:16.349\nAny thoughts come\nto
+ mind about Well,\n\n1549\n01:48:16.349 --> 01:48:20.510\nMy hope would be that they\ncontinue
+ to be independent,\n\n1550\n01:48:20.510 --> 01:48:27.249\nthat they continue to
+ act\n\n1551\n01:48:27.249 --> 01:48:32.409\nimpartially and understand that\n\n1552\n01:48:32.570
+ --> 01:48:36.409\nit is about the\nexercise of judgment.\n\n1553\n01:48:40.220 -->
+ 01:48:46.599\nAnd if the court''s\nmembers can do that,\n\n1554\n01:48:46.599 -->
+ 01:48:49.339\nit''ll have a bright future.\n\n1555\n01:48:51.340 --> 01:48:54.899\nAnd
+ there''s something about,\n\n1556\n01:48:54.899 --> 01:48:57.159\nat least from
+ my experience on\n\n1557\n01:48:57.159 --> 01:49:01.219\nthe court looking back\nand
+ looking forward.\n\n1558\n01:49:01.540 --> 01:49:04.859\nI think there''s a p good
+ chance\n\n1559\n01:49:04.859 --> 01:49:11.314\nthat things will continue in\nthat
+ regard as they have.\n\n1560\n01:49:11.314 --> 01:49:19.210\nYeah. The Court''s\nleadership
+ understands.\n\n1561\n01:49:20.090 --> 01:49:25.629\nI had the good fortune\nto
+ serve with.\n\n1562\n01:49:25.629 --> 01:49:28.429\nLet me think. I knew\n\n1563\n01:49:28.429
+ --> 01:49:31.609\nthe number exactly at\none time. Let''s see.\n\n1564\n01:49:32.970
+ --> 01:49:40.619\nTo I can''t remember\n\n1565\n01:49:40.619 --> 01:49:43.319\nthe
+ exact number six or seven\nor eight. Chief Justice.\n\n1566\n01:49:43.319 --> 01:49:46.679\nChef
+ Justices. Yeah. And each\n\n1567\n01:49:46.679 --> 01:49:50.979\none of them got
+ it. They\nwere all different.\n\n1568\n01:49:51.500 --> 01:49:54.819\nBut each one
+ of them\n\n1569\n01:49:55.300 --> 01:50:01.239\nunderstood how important\nit is
+ for this for\n\n1570\n01:50:01.239 --> 01:50:04.519\ncourt to maintain\nits independence
+ and\n\n1571\n01:50:04.519 --> 01:50:09.620\nits impartiality and\nto make decisions\n\n1572\n01:50:10.300
+ --> 01:50:19.619\nbased on the law and\n\n1573\n01:50:19.619 --> 01:50:23.819\nthe
+ facts and their\nbest judgment and not\n\n1574\n01:50:23.819 --> 01:50:29.279\non
+ the way the wind\nis blowing today.\n\n1575\n01:50:33.160 --> 01:50:36.879\nWe''ve
+ been lucky to have\nreally good people,\n\n1576\n01:50:36.879 --> 01:50:40.299\nboth
+ at the Chief Justice as\n\n1577\n01:50:40.299 --> 01:50:44.999\nChief Justices and
+ as\nassociate justices.\n\n1578\n01:50:44.999 --> 01:50:51.939\nYeah. And to be\n\n1579\n01:50:51.939
+ --> 01:50:55.439\nincluded in that group,\nit''s pretty special.\n\n1580\n01:50:59.840
+ --> 01:51:04.759\nYou know, I want to definitely\nbefore we close out,\n\n1581\n01:51:04.759
+ --> 01:51:08.859\ngive you an opportunity to\nspeak to your late wife,\n\n1582\n01:51:08.859
+ --> 01:51:14.139\nDiane''s role in your career.\n\n1583\n01:51:14.139 --> 01:51:18.579\nWell,
+ I mentioned earlier\n\n1584\n01:51:18.579 --> 01:51:26.039\nabout that $40.000 that
+ I\nlost on the vending machine.\n\n1585\n01:51:26.039 --> 01:51:28.119\nYeah. That''s
+ right.\n\n1586\n01:51:28.960 --> 01:51:31.959\nThe company that\n\n1587\n01:51:33.290
+ --> 01:51:35.749\nThat owned the vending machines\n\n1588\n01:51:35.749 --> 01:51:37.669\nwas
+ a subsidiary\nof General Mills.\n\n1589\n01:51:37.669 --> 01:51:39.969\nI know where
+ this is going now.\n\n1590\n01:51:39.969 --> 01:51:43.389\nAnd long story short?\n\n1591\n01:51:43.389
+ --> 01:51:46.349\nYeah. I was in the lobby\nat General Mills one day,\n\n1592\n01:51:46.349
+ --> 01:51:48.849\nhaving left the meeting and left\n\n1593\n01:51:48.849 --> 01:51:55.269\nmy
+ car keys and everything\nelse in the meeting.\n\n1594\n01:51:55.269 --> 01:51:57.209\nAnd
+ I''m sitting waiting\n\n1595\n01:51:57.209 --> 01:52:00.649\nfor somebody to bring\nthem
+ back to me,\n\n1596\n01:52:00.649 --> 01:52:03.789\nand Diane walks in\n\n1597\n01:52:03.789
+ --> 01:52:06.729\nto a meeting that she\nwas going to there.\n\n1598\n01:52:06.729
+ --> 01:52:09.449\nI got introduced to her,\n\n1599\n01:52:09.449 --> 01:52:15.649\nand
+ best thing that\never happened to me.\n\n1600\n01:52:15.810 --> 01:52:21.409\nAbsolutely
+ the best thing\nthat ever happened to me.\n\n1601\n01:52:25.190 --> 01:52:29.789\nShe
+ is the love of my life.\n\n1602\n01:52:31.990 --> 01:52:35.069\nShe kept me grounded,\n\n1603\n01:52:35.350
+ --> 01:52:37.829\nat the same time lifting me up.\n\n1604\n01:52:37.829 --> 01:52:40.529\nShe
+ had this magic ability\nto lift people up,\n\n1605\n01:52:40.529 --> 01:52:42.389\nno
+ matter who they were, no\n\n1606\n01:52:42.389 --> 01:52:45.629\nmatter what the\ncircumstances
+ were.\n\n1607\n01:52:45.629 --> 01:52:55.009\nShe she\n\n1608\n01:52:55.009 -->
+ 01:52:58.429\nhad incredible\ninsight into people.\n\n1609\n01:52:58.630 --> 01:53:00.669\nAnd\n\n1610\n01:53:12.230
+ --> 01:53:14.349\nShe\n\n1611\n01:53:16.830 --> 01:53:19.929\nshe is in large measure,\n\n1612\n01:53:19.929
+ --> 01:53:26.669\na key to much of the\nsuccess that I have had.\n\n1613\n01:53:26.669
+ --> 01:53:31.869\nShe was there every\nstep of the way,\n\n1614\n01:53:31.869 -->
+ 01:53:36.709\nallowing me, encouraging\nme, supporting me.\n\n1615\n01:53:37.190
+ --> 01:53:44.089\nAnd As I say,\n\n1616\n01:53:44.089 --> 01:53:49.749\nI couldn''t
+ have been\nluckier to have met her,\n\n1617\n01:53:49.749 --> 01:53:51.949\nfallen
+ in love with her,\n\n1618\n01:53:51.949 --> 01:53:56.349\nand spent the years\nthat
+ we had together.\n\n1619\n01:53:56.349 --> 01:54:01.469\nAnd she was she''s one\nof
+ those people who\n\n1620\n01:54:02.430 --> 01:54:13.469\nI I have ideas.\n\n1621\n01:54:13.469
+ --> 01:54:15.309\nShe was a doer.\n\n1622\n01:54:15.309 --> 01:54:17.010\nExecutor.\n\n1623\n01:54:17.010
+ --> 01:54:21.149\nAbsolutely. And it wasn''t,\n\n1624\n01:54:21.149 --> 01:54:26.729\nyou
+ know, when are you\ngoing to get this done?\n\n1625\n01:54:26.729 --> 01:54:30.029\nIt''s
+ why wasn''t this\ndone yesterday?\n\n1626\n01:54:30.029 --> 01:54:32.269\nWell,
+ because we just found\n\n1627\n01:54:32.269 --> 01:54:33.609\nout that we had to
+ do it today.\n\n1628\n01:54:33.609 --> 01:54:39.749\nYeah. She was in\n\n1629\n01:54:39.749
+ --> 01:54:44.709\na sense driven and\ndriven to do good.\n\n1630\n01:54:44.709 -->
+ 01:54:46.709\nDriven to make this world a\n\n1631\n01:54:46.709 --> 01:54:48.249\nbetter
+ place. That''s for sure.\n\n1632\n01:54:48.249 --> 01:54:54.389\nAnd, M. Got lucky.\n\n1633\n01:54:59.510
+ --> 01:55:07.229\nWell, you have retired from\nthe court, but you''re busy.\n\n1634\n01:55:07.229
+ --> 01:55:08.729\nI am busy.\n\n1635\n01:55:08.729 --> 01:55:11.069\nAnd so I got
+ to ask.\n\n1636\n01:55:12.750 --> 01:55:16.369\nWhat''s next? What''s\nnext for
+ Justice Page?\n\n1637\n01:55:16.369 --> 01:55:20.649\nWell, there''s still plenty\n\n1638\n01:55:20.649
+ --> 01:55:23.709\nof work to do with the\nPage Education Fund.\n\n1639\n01:55:25.910
+ --> 01:55:29.889\nAnd beyond that,\n\n1640\n01:55:29.889 --> 01:55:30.889\nI''m
+ trying to figure out\n\n1641\n01:55:30.889 --> 01:55:33.149\nwhat I''m going to\ndo
+ when I grow up.\n\n1642\n01:55:34.150 --> 01:55:40.229\nI I haven''t sorted that
+ out yet.\n\n1643\n01:55:40.229 --> 01:55:44.629\nBut I spend a lot\n\n1644\n01:55:44.629
+ --> 01:55:46.469\nof time in schools\nand classrooms still.\n\n1645\n01:55:46.469
+ --> 01:55:49.429\nYep. Talking to young children.\n\n1646\n01:55:50.430 --> 01:55:55.569\nAs
+ you know, I''ve\nhad the good fortune\n\n1647\n01:55:55.569 --> 01:55:58.649\nto
+ be able to write\nthree children''s books\n\n1648\n01:55:58.649 --> 01:56:00.309\nwith
+ my youngest daughter.\n\n1649\n01:56:00.309 --> 01:56:06.009\nYes. And we''ve got
+ to\nget onto Book four.\n\n1650\n01:56:06.009 --> 01:56:08.149\nI was going to ask.
+ That\nwas my next question.\n\n1651\n01:56:08.149 --> 01:56:09.949\nWe''ve got to
+ get on to Book f.\n\n1652\n01:56:09.949 --> 01:56:10.949\nMore work to be done.\n\n1653\n01:56:10.949
+ --> 01:56:12.989\nMore work to be done.\n\n1654\n01:56:13.750 --> 01:56:17.229\nAnd
+ Justice Page Middle School.\n\n1655\n01:56:19.350 --> 01:56:22.449\nPretty I mean,
+ it seems\njust fanta, I mean,\n\n1656\n01:56:22.449 --> 01:56:24.069\nI see pictures
+ and things\n\n1657\n01:56:24.069 --> 01:56:26.569\nand you''re really\nengaged with
+ the school.\n\n1658\n01:56:26.569 --> 01:56:28.189\nI am engaged with the school.\n\n1659\n01:56:28.189
+ --> 01:56:32.309\nThe school is magic. Yeah.\nThe school is magic.\n\n1660\n01:56:32.309
+ --> 01:56:35.829\nYou know, six, seven,\neighth graders.\n\n1661\n01:56:37.790 -->
+ 01:56:40.329\nThey energize me still.\n\n1662\n01:56:40.329 --> 01:56:42.669\nYeah.
+ They keep me going.\n\n1663\n01:56:42.669 --> 01:56:44.269\nAnd I also have\n\n1664\n01:56:44.269
+ --> 01:56:47.329\nfour grandchildren that\ndo the same thing.\n\n1665\n01:56:47.329
+ --> 01:56:52.789\nBeing a grandfather. Job\nin and of itself. Yes.\n\n1666\n01:56:53.910
+ --> 01:56:57.389\nWell, I think it''s a\ngood place to close.\n\n1667\n01:56:58.230
+ --> 01:57:01.229\nUnless you have any\nother thoughts,\n\n1668\n01:57:01.229 -->
+ 01:57:03.450\nwe''ve had a good conversation.\n\n1669\n01:57:03.450 --> 01:57:08.489\nYeah.
+ So thanks for\nsharing insights today.\n\n1670\n01:57:08.489 --> 01:57:11.489\nAnd
+ thank you, in thinking\nabout this conversation,\n\n1671\n01:57:11.489 --> 01:57:13.089\nsort
+ of the arc from\nthe beginning to end\n\n1672\n01:57:13.089 --> 01:57:15.269\nand
+ the focus on the\nMinnesota Supreme Court.\n\n1673\n01:57:15.269 --> 01:57:16.729\nYou
+ know, I want to,\n\n1674\n01:57:16.729 --> 01:57:18.449\nand then I think we all
+ want to\n\n1675\n01:57:18.449 --> 01:57:20.449\nthank you for your service\non the
+ Supreme Court, too.\n\n1676\n01:57:20.449 --> 01:57:23.789\nWell, thank you for
+ that,\n\n1677\n01:57:29.340 --> 01:57:39.339\nI can''t articulate how much I\nloved
+ serving on the court.\n\n1678\n01:57:41.060 --> 01:57:45.339\nAnd being able to
+ serve\nthe people of this state.\n\n1679\n01:57:45.339 --> 01:57:50.659\nI can''t
+ articulate how honored I\n\n1680\n01:57:50.659 --> 01:57:55.499\nam that the people\n\n1681\n01:57:55.499
+ --> 01:57:58.779\nof the state gave me the\nopportunity to do it.\n\n1682\n01:58:01.860
+ --> 01:58:10.359\nAnd I don''t know.\n\n1683\n01:58:18.360 --> 01:58:22.259\nWell,
+ let me just back up.\n\n1684\n01:58:22.259 --> 01:58:33.399\nYou know, one of the
+ humbling\nthings about serving.\n\n1685\n01:58:34.760 --> 01:58:36.979\nYou know,
+ you''re there, you''re\n\n1686\n01:58:36.979 --> 01:58:38.999\nworking on cases
+ and you''re\n\n1687\n01:58:38.999 --> 01:58:45.039\nlooking at cases from 18 60.\n\n1688\n01:58:48.200
+ --> 01:58:54.499\nTrying to figure out\nwhat the law is today.\n\n1689\n01:58:54.499
+ --> 01:58:56.659\nBecause it''s grounded in\n\n1690\n01:58:56.659 --> 01:58:59.439\nsomething
+ that took\nplace back then.\n\n1691\n01:59:00.920 --> 01:59:08.999\nThe idea that
+ cases\nthat I worked\n\n1692\n01:59:08.999 --> 01:59:16.700\non when I was on the\ncourt
+ will be used 150,\n\n1693\n01:59:16.700 --> 01:59:18.959\n200 years from now,\n\n1694\n01:59:20.280
+ --> 01:59:24.139\nthat the law will be\ngrounded in something that\n\n1695\n01:59:24.139
+ --> 01:59:29.479\nI was a part of\nduring my tenure.\n\n1696\n01:59:29.479 --> 01:59:32.720\nIt''s
+ almost overwhelming.\n\n1697\n01:59:36.380 --> 01:59:39.199\nIt''s an awesome thought.\n\n1698\n01:59:39.199
+ --> 01:59:46.819\nI just I just hope that\nI didn''t goof it up.\n\n1699\n01:59:46.980
+ --> 01:59:55.299\nSo that Hopefully, what I\n\n1700\n01:59:55.299 --> 01:59:58.479\ndid
+ what we did when I was on\n\n1701\n01:59:58.479 --> 02:00:04.059\nthe court will
+ make\ntheir jobs easier. Sure.\n\n1702\n02:00:07.460 --> 02:00:11.099\nA good note
+ to end\non. Thank you.\n\n1703\n02:00:11.099 --> 02:00:12.539\nThank you. Appreciate
+ it.\n\n1704\n02:00:12.539 --> 02:00:14.239\nIt''s good to talk\nto you Jesse Pager.\n\n1705\n02:00:14.239
+ --> 02:00:16.299\nGood to see you, Jeff.\n\n1706\n02:00:16.580 --> 02:00:18.619\nM.\n"}'
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+ 1
+ 00:00:12,020 --> 00:00:14,110
+ Okay.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:19,220 --> 00:00:21,430
+ Right.
+
+ 3
+ 00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:14,885
+ You want to go to copycat?
+
+ 4
+ 00:01:14,885 --> 00:01:23,630
+ I'd love to, but I have
+ to finish my Avenue.
+
+ 5
+ 00:01:23,630 --> 00:01:25,910
+ How did I said out loud
+
+ 6
+ 00:01:25,910 --> 00:01:28,250
+ to myself as I do my
+ older sister here
+
+ 7
+ 00:01:28,250 --> 00:01:31,250
+ book who wonder how
+
+ 8
+ 00:01:31,250 --> 00:01:33,560
+ Mrs. Michelson were like,
+ that is enough money.
+
+ 9
+ 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:35,090
+ During my 14 years.
+
+ 10
+ 00:01:35,090 --> 00:01:37,819
+ They had observed my sister
+ at each different aged
+
+ 11
+ 00:01:37,819 --> 00:01:39,530
+ >> and then tried to
+ act that out when I
+
+ 12
+ 00:01:39,530 --> 00:01:41,570
+ reach the new age each year.
+
+ 13
+ 00:01:41,570 --> 00:01:45,320
+ But now what was I
+ going to do with God?
+
+ 14
+ 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:46,700
+ Not just standard chips you eat.
+
+ 15
+ 00:01:46,700 --> 00:01:48,320
+ Returned from in a few weeks,
+
+ 16
+ 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:51,230
+ she had been killed in
+ an automobile accident,
+
+ 17
+ 00:01:51,230 --> 00:01:53,434
+ and that meant that
+ everything stopped
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:53,434 --> 00:01:56,120
+ right there her last year.
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:56,120 --> 00:02:00,230
+ But there will never be
+ anymore yearbook or scrap,
+
+ 20
+ 00:02:00,230 --> 00:02:04,535
+ but there will be no wedding
+ pictures or anything.
+
+ 21
+ 00:02:04,535 --> 00:02:07,830
+ How would I ever be 18,
+
+ 22
+ 00:02:09,970 --> 00:02:14,645
+ a teenager in crucial,
+ fast-changing years,
+
+ 23
+ 00:02:14,645 --> 00:02:17,360
+ ready to become an adult to face
+
+ 24
+ 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:20,120
+ life's domain, its competition,
+
+ 25
+ 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:24,230
+ dreams, and her life
+ model was gone.
+
+ 26
+ 00:02:24,230 --> 00:02:27,470
+ Yet Darwin discovered
+ that God, through Bethel,
+
+ 27
+ 00:02:27,470 --> 00:02:29,570
+ would move new
+ people in and out of
+
+ 28
+ 00:02:29,570 --> 00:02:33,320
+ her life and all would
+ leave and enduring mark.
+
+ 29
+ 00:02:33,320 --> 00:02:37,325
+ But first, she found extremely
+ good models at home.
+
+ 30
+ 00:02:37,325 --> 00:02:39,590
+ My family history
+ started at Bethel when
+
+ 31
+ 00:02:39,590 --> 00:02:41,870
+ my parents mom attended
+
+ 32
+ 00:02:41,870 --> 00:02:43,160
+ the College for two years
+
+ 33
+ 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:44,855
+ and that graduated
+ from the college.
+
+ 34
+ 00:02:44,855 --> 00:02:47,570
+ Anthony as a pastor,
+
+ 35
+ 00:02:47,570 --> 00:02:51,650
+ he was always busy than in
+ many evenings at church,
+
+ 36
+ 00:02:51,650 --> 00:02:54,440
+ but he kept up with
+ what we are doing here,
+
+ 37
+ 00:02:54,440 --> 00:02:57,920
+ is never out of touch with
+ this kid and keeping up with
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:57,920 --> 00:02:59,810
+ the demands of his
+ ministry is something
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:59,810 --> 00:03:02,434
+ else that Doug
+ bolts is noted for.
+
+ 40
+ 00:03:02,434 --> 00:03:04,790
+ >> After graduation, Doug started
+
+ 41
+ 00:03:04,790 --> 00:03:07,790
+ a church and ask go
+ to Michigan pastor.
+
+ 42
+ 00:03:07,790 --> 00:03:09,244
+ It's followed in Lansing,
+
+ 43
+ 00:03:09,244 --> 00:03:11,060
+ Cedar Rapids, White Bear light,
+
+ 44
+ 00:03:11,060 --> 00:03:14,855
+ you can declare now he's
+ church planting Again.
+
+ 45
+ 00:03:14,855 --> 00:03:18,140
+ As head of the Iowa
+ Conference delegates,
+
+ 46
+ 00:03:18,140 --> 00:03:19,175
+ one of those solid,
+
+ 47
+ 00:03:19,175 --> 00:03:21,275
+ energetic seminary graduates,
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:21,275 --> 00:03:23,840
+ more than 1100 of them
+ through the years,
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:27,380
+ who represent why
+ Bethel seminary exists.
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:27,380 --> 00:03:30,245
+ Men and women who know God's Word
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:30,245 --> 00:03:33,455
+ and live their faith in
+ real life situations,
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:33,455 --> 00:03:35,840
+ who see the whole world and are
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:38,880
+ challenged to be
+ servants and helpers.
+
+ 54
+ 00:03:41,380 --> 00:03:44,590
+ Other models began jumping out on
+
+ 55
+ 00:03:44,590 --> 00:03:48,080
+ place. As Darwin started
+ her college career,
+
+ 56
+ 00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:50,840
+ he wasn't consciously
+ aware of how much
+
+ 57
+ 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:52,310
+ the students and professors at
+
+ 58
+ 00:03:52,310 --> 00:03:55,230
+ Bethel would help shape our life.
+
+ 59
+ 00:04:07,300 --> 00:04:12,350
+ Models of enthusiasm,
+ discipline of reaching out,
+
+ 60
+ 00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:14,750
+ of not giving that
+
+ 61
+ 00:04:14,750 --> 00:04:18,290
+ are in competition and
+ training it backwards.
+
+ 62
+ 00:04:18,290 --> 00:04:22,145
+ As athletic director,
+ George Henry, in football,
+
+ 63
+ 00:04:22,145 --> 00:04:23,480
+ as in all of athletics,
+
+ 64
+ 00:04:23,480 --> 00:04:26,689
+ what we're supposed to be
+ about is winning and losing.
+
+ 65
+ 00:04:26,689 --> 00:04:30,050
+ >> Winning is important
+ to us and winning is fun.
+
+ 66
+ 00:04:30,050 --> 00:04:32,990
+ And yet at baffle, we want
+ to take it one step further.
+
+ 67
+ 00:04:32,990 --> 00:04:36,455
+ What we want for our
+ athletes is to grow as
+
+ 68
+ 00:04:36,455 --> 00:04:38,870
+ spiritual and social beings
+
+ 69
+ 00:04:38,870 --> 00:04:40,595
+ through the medium of athletics.
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:40,595 --> 00:04:42,920
+ And thus we use athletics
+
+ 71
+ 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,140
+ at a vehicle in which to promote
+
+ 72
+ 00:04:45,140 --> 00:04:48,140
+ this growth came that ethics is
+
+ 73
+ 00:04:48,140 --> 00:04:52,040
+ a very important part of
+ my life and pretty map.
+
+ 74
+ 00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:54,170
+ We just, unquote,
+ Islamic Christian came.
+
+ 75
+ 00:04:54,170 --> 00:04:58,295
+ I really began to realize
+ what a proper attitude when
+
+ 76
+ 00:04:58,295 --> 00:05:01,640
+ Aboriginal man Matthew security
+
+ 77
+ 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:04,730
+ breaches that was desirable
+ since the CQI birth,
+
+ 78
+ 00:05:04,730 --> 00:05:08,610
+ the Kingdom of God and
+ thread and all these things.
+
+ 79
+ 00:05:13,269 --> 00:05:15,740
+ >> Modelling also comes through
+
+ 80
+ 00:05:15,740 --> 00:05:18,770
+ strenuous rehearsals
+ and glorious results,
+
+ 81
+ 00:05:18,770 --> 00:05:21,260
+ whether at a home cancer in
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:21,260 --> 00:05:24,290
+ orchestra hall or
+ a European tour.
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:24,290 --> 00:05:27,570
+ Models of creative expression,
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:42,130 --> 00:05:45,230
+ of finding solutions
+ through mastery of
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:45,230 --> 00:05:48,170
+ complex machine and models
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:48,170 --> 00:05:49,790
+ and the movements and attitudes
+
+ 87
+ 00:05:49,790 --> 00:05:51,380
+ of over 2 thousand students
+
+ 88
+ 00:05:51,380 --> 00:05:53,315
+ from all over the United States,
+
+ 89
+ 00:05:53,315 --> 00:05:57,125
+ from mission fields in
+ many countries abroad,
+
+ 90
+ 00:05:57,125 --> 00:06:00,170
+ plus the patterns of learning and
+
+ 91
+ 00:06:00,170 --> 00:06:03,320
+ experience demonstrated
+ by Christian scholars.
+
+ 92
+ 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:06,500
+ The skilled men and women
+ of the Bethel faculty,
+
+ 93
+ 00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:09,590
+ highly competent in
+ their academic field,
+
+ 94
+ 00:06:09,590 --> 00:06:12,410
+ guided by the instruction
+ of God's infallible,
+
+ 95
+ 00:06:12,410 --> 00:06:14,660
+ we're committed to helping
+
+ 96
+ 00:06:14,660 --> 00:06:17,105
+ their students to
+ be old person's,
+
+ 97
+ 00:06:17,105 --> 00:06:19,580
+ helping them to think and mature.
+
+ 98
+ 00:06:19,580 --> 00:06:21,320
+ When I came to
+ battle, I didn't have
+
+ 99
+ 00:06:21,320 --> 00:06:23,360
+ any specific vocational goal.
+
+ 100
+ 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:26,780
+ It was scary enough to starting
+ college and all I wanted
+
+ 101
+ 00:06:26,780 --> 00:06:30,395
+ was a place where I could
+ grow maybe for a year or two.
+
+ 102
+ 00:06:30,395 --> 00:06:33,619
+ But before length and pretty
+ specific direction began.
+
+ 103
+ 00:06:33,619 --> 00:06:35,930
+ >> From the faculty. It started
+
+ 104
+ 00:06:35,930 --> 00:06:37,310
+ with the basic communication,
+
+ 105
+ 00:06:37,310 --> 00:06:39,530
+ quite a good combination of
+
+ 106
+ 00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:42,455
+ students and stimulation
+ from the professor.
+
+ 107
+ 00:06:42,455 --> 00:06:44,285
+ As we talked about my interests,
+
+ 108
+ 00:06:44,285 --> 00:06:45,800
+ he encouraged me to major in
+
+ 109
+ 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:48,590
+ communication and combine
+ the Program in Writing.
+
+ 110
+ 00:06:48,590 --> 00:06:54,860
+ Referred by contrast, Jeff
+ Magnusson had clear cut
+
+ 111
+ 00:06:54,860 --> 00:06:58,280
+ idea about who vocational
+ future and found at
+
+ 112
+ 00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:02,270
+ Bethel the write to them
+ count reaches objected.
+
+ 113
+ 00:07:02,270 --> 00:07:04,190
+ Four years ago, I came to about
+
+ 114
+ 00:07:04,190 --> 00:07:05,900
+ a specific idea of entering
+
+ 115
+ 00:07:05,900 --> 00:07:08,030
+ their pre-medical
+ program and having
+
+ 116
+ 00:07:08,030 --> 00:07:09,590
+ achieved my goal this last
+
+ 117
+ 00:07:09,590 --> 00:07:11,630
+ fall and come to
+ the conclusion that
+
+ 118
+ 00:07:11,630 --> 00:07:13,490
+ bevels chemistry
+ department provides
+
+ 119
+ 00:07:13,490 --> 00:07:15,740
+ some of the best
+ pre-medical nation.
+
+ 120
+ 00:07:15,740 --> 00:07:18,290
+ You see all kinds of
+
+ 121
+ 00:07:18,290 --> 00:07:20,600
+ positive interaction
+ between students and
+
+ 122
+ 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:23,210
+ professors after class lecture
+
+ 123
+ 00:07:23,210 --> 00:07:26,030
+ and frequent encounters
+ along the battle con,
+
+ 124
+ 00:07:26,030 --> 00:07:28,880
+ course in quiet conversations,
+
+ 125
+ 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:30,305
+ in times of prayer.
+
+ 126
+ 00:07:30,305 --> 00:07:33,020
+ Part of the direction I
+ received at Bethel came through
+
+ 127
+ 00:07:33,020 --> 00:07:35,960
+ tough and even
+ negative situation.
+
+ 128
+ 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:39,530
+ Sir, I wanted to be
+ challenged academically.
+
+ 129
+ 00:07:39,530 --> 00:07:41,900
+ That's one of the
+ reasons I chose befor,
+
+ 130
+ 00:07:41,900 --> 00:07:45,650
+ But I never dreamed how much
+ my mind would be stretched.
+
+ 131
+ 00:07:45,650 --> 00:07:49,535
+ Papers correction
+ all the way through.
+
+ 132
+ 00:07:49,535 --> 00:07:51,200
+ It's amazing how myth with
+
+ 133
+ 00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:53,105
+ Michael thing can tell
+ you what's wrong.
+
+ 134
+ 00:07:53,105 --> 00:07:55,190
+ Challenge you to do better and
+
+ 135
+ 00:07:55,190 --> 00:07:57,765
+ make you feel good
+ about yourself too.
+
+ 136
+ 00:07:57,765 --> 00:07:59,950
+ Think about the
+ rough time ahead of
+
+ 137
+ 00:07:59,950 --> 00:08:03,625
+ the freshmen in an organizational
+ communication path.
+
+ 138
+ 00:08:03,625 --> 00:08:06,085
+ I never worked so hard for
+
+ 139
+ 00:08:06,085 --> 00:08:10,000
+ my light biotic string
+ to the booth, to myself.
+
+ 140
+ 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:12,610
+ Confident, you know
+ you're worth something.
+
+ 141
+ 00:08:12,610 --> 00:08:16,330
+ When a professor cares enough
+ about to demand the best
+
+ 142
+ 00:08:16,330 --> 00:08:23,665
+ you can get into that.
+
+ 143
+ 00:08:23,665 --> 00:08:27,325
+ Graduate studies require
+ even greater discipline
+
+ 144
+ 00:08:27,325 --> 00:08:30,550
+ and theological education
+ is no exception.
+
+ 145
+ 00:08:30,550 --> 00:08:33,700
+ Mirrored, Erickson is a
+ professor in the seminary.
+
+ 146
+ 00:08:33,700 --> 00:08:36,220
+ We're preparing people here
+ who are going to be students
+
+ 147
+ 00:08:36,220 --> 00:08:37,990
+ all their lives and who in
+
+ 148
+ 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:40,679
+ effect are going to add
+ examinations every week.
+
+ 149
+ 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:43,430
+ >> Our Lord taught that the
+ reward for working well
+
+ 150
+ 00:08:43,430 --> 00:08:46,610
+ done and even greater
+ responsibility to serve.
+
+ 151
+ 00:08:46,610 --> 00:08:47,690
+ And as someone who says,
+
+ 152
+ 00:08:47,690 --> 00:08:48,965
+ what have I done well,
+
+ 153
+ 00:08:48,965 --> 00:08:51,230
+ what can I do even
+ better so that I can
+
+ 154
+ 00:08:51,230 --> 00:08:53,570
+ improve and grow in
+ my usefulness to
+
+ 155
+ 00:08:53,570 --> 00:08:54,710
+ the Lord and serve and
+
+ 156
+ 00:08:54,710 --> 00:08:58,805
+ love the privilege of
+ being a useful servant.
+
+ 157
+ 00:08:58,805 --> 00:09:00,620
+ It comes from a deeper
+
+ 158
+ 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:03,215
+ personal understanding
+ of God's Word.
+
+ 159
+ 00:09:03,215 --> 00:09:05,420
+ The unchanging foundation of
+
+ 160
+ 00:09:05,420 --> 00:09:07,940
+ learning at baffled the Bible,
+
+ 161
+ 00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:11,600
+ the underlying
+ textbook in every lab.
+
+ 162
+ 00:09:11,600 --> 00:09:15,470
+ He outwardly
+ yesterday, psychology,
+
+ 163
+ 00:09:15,470 --> 00:09:22,909
+ sociology, teacher grading.
+
+ 164
+ 00:09:22,909 --> 00:09:27,080
+ >> It's true through our goal as
+
+ 165
+ 00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:31,550
+ a department of biblical
+ and theological studies is
+
+ 166
+ 00:09:31,550 --> 00:09:35,480
+ primarily to equip
+ men and women with
+
+ 167
+ 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:37,505
+ the skills and tools
+
+ 168
+ 00:09:37,505 --> 00:09:40,640
+ to be lifelong
+ students of the Bible.
+
+ 169
+ 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:44,360
+ That just a devotional
+ study of the Bible,
+
+ 170
+ 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:47,285
+ as important
+ certainly as that is.
+
+ 171
+ 00:09:47,285 --> 00:09:50,944
+ But bible study as a discipline,
+
+ 172
+ 00:09:50,944 --> 00:09:53,885
+ academic rigorous study,
+
+ 173
+ 00:09:53,885 --> 00:09:56,975
+ Scripture to the end that
+
+ 174
+ 00:09:56,975 --> 00:10:00,634
+ these men and women find
+ more fully know God's Word
+
+ 175
+ 00:10:00,634 --> 00:10:03,155
+ >> The very beginning seminary
+
+ 176
+ 00:10:03,155 --> 00:10:05,660
+ had been based on
+ biblical studies.
+
+ 177
+ 00:10:05,660 --> 00:10:07,310
+ All through the years,
+
+ 178
+ 00:10:07,310 --> 00:10:09,200
+ we have been deeply
+ concerned and a
+
+ 179
+ 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:11,900
+ strong emphasis in Bible study,
+
+ 180
+ 00:10:11,900 --> 00:10:14,900
+ whether we teach courses
+ like Christian education,
+
+ 181
+ 00:10:14,900 --> 00:10:17,915
+ counseling, preaching,
+ or social ethics.
+
+ 182
+ 00:10:17,915 --> 00:10:20,405
+ The emphasis is on the bible.
+
+ 183
+ 00:10:20,405 --> 00:10:23,750
+ Our model, the servant of God,
+
+ 184
+ 00:10:23,750 --> 00:10:25,190
+ communicating the Word of God,
+
+ 185
+ 00:10:25,190 --> 00:10:26,270
+ gives expression to it.
+
+ 186
+ 00:10:26,270 --> 00:10:28,925
+ Because of our concern
+ for the Bible.
+
+ 187
+ 00:10:28,925 --> 00:10:31,460
+ When we began the work of battles
+
+ 188
+ 00:10:31,460 --> 00:10:33,830
+ seminary West in San Diego,
+
+ 189
+ 00:10:33,830 --> 00:10:37,325
+ we continue that all
+ over the campus.
+
+ 190
+ 00:10:37,325 --> 00:10:38,660
+ That wisdom, which comes
+
+ 191
+ 00:10:38,660 --> 00:10:40,730
+ only through God's inspired Word,
+
+ 192
+ 00:10:40,730 --> 00:10:42,874
+ is nurtured in daily chapel,
+
+ 193
+ 00:10:42,874 --> 00:10:46,025
+ >> special programs,
+ bible study group,
+
+ 194
+ 00:10:46,025 --> 00:10:49,115
+ and in one-on-one encounters
+
+ 195
+ 00:10:49,115 --> 00:10:52,280
+ as the Bible and its
+ teachings penetrate
+
+ 196
+ 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:55,130
+ every aspect of life
+ at Bethel so much
+
+ 197
+ 00:10:55,130 --> 00:10:59,180
+ the full scope of life be
+ part of the learning process?
+
+ 198
+ 00:10:59,180 --> 00:11:01,490
+ How vital are the liberal arts
+
+ 199
+ 00:11:01,490 --> 00:11:04,055
+ in this attention to
+ the whole person?
+
+ 200
+ 00:11:04,055 --> 00:11:06,380
+ A college degree can mean much
+
+ 201
+ 00:11:06,380 --> 00:11:09,410
+ more than a better job
+ and a higher salary.
+
+ 202
+ 00:11:09,410 --> 00:11:11,990
+ A broad liberal arts education
+
+ 203
+ 00:11:11,990 --> 00:11:15,110
+ helps provide for
+ Creative Living.
+
+ 204
+ 00:11:15,110 --> 00:11:19,880
+ Nerd had to be much
+ more than the data.
+
+ 205
+ 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:22,670
+ We provide a broad
+ background in November,
+
+ 206
+ 00:11:22,670 --> 00:11:25,129
+ like well, I'd been
+
+ 207
+ 00:11:25,129 --> 00:11:28,590
+ >> john graduated, repaired,
+
+ 208
+ 00:11:28,780 --> 00:11:33,560
+ compassionate and caring
+ and not just business
+
+ 209
+ 00:11:33,560 --> 00:11:35,675
+ graduates with
+ technical competent
+
+ 210
+ 00:11:35,675 --> 00:11:38,390
+ looking to climb the
+ corporate ladder,
+
+ 211
+ 00:11:38,390 --> 00:11:41,750
+ but men and women with
+ moral and spiritual fiber
+
+ 212
+ 00:11:41,750 --> 00:11:43,355
+ able to articulate
+
+ 213
+ 00:11:43,355 --> 00:11:44,990
+ a Christian perspective on
+
+ 214
+ 00:11:44,990 --> 00:11:48,635
+ the complex issues in business,
+ industry, and government.
+
+ 215
+ 00:11:48,635 --> 00:11:51,830
+ And able to represent
+ Christ in workplace.
+
+ 216
+ 00:11:51,830 --> 00:11:55,310
+ Occasionally, those of us in
+ seminary administration or
+
+ 217
+ 00:11:55,310 --> 00:11:58,640
+ at what kind of background
+ is best for ministry.
+
+ 218
+ 00:11:58,640 --> 00:12:01,520
+ And of course, God leads
+ individuals from every walk
+
+ 219
+ 00:12:01,520 --> 00:12:04,655
+ of life and educational
+ field into the seminary.
+
+ 220
+ 00:12:04,655 --> 00:12:07,819
+ But because the needs and
+ opportunities of ministry
+
+ 221
+ 00:12:07,819 --> 00:12:09,980
+ >> so diverse. For example,
+
+ 222
+ 00:12:09,980 --> 00:12:13,310
+ our seminary catalog speaks
+ of providing a program
+
+ 223
+ 00:12:13,310 --> 00:12:17,765
+ relevant to the context of
+ contemporary church life.
+
+ 224
+ 00:12:17,765 --> 00:12:19,490
+ That's why we
+ encourage students to
+
+ 225
+ 00:12:19,490 --> 00:12:21,860
+ be broadly educated
+ and impossible
+
+ 226
+ 00:12:21,860 --> 00:12:24,740
+ to delve into the
+ humanities to gain
+
+ 227
+ 00:12:24,740 --> 00:12:27,545
+ historical perspective and to
+
+ 228
+ 00:12:27,545 --> 00:12:31,190
+ learn to handle language
+ with every skill possible.
+
+ 229
+ 00:12:31,190 --> 00:12:35,030
+ In other words, to be
+ liberally educated.
+
+ 230
+ 00:12:35,030 --> 00:12:37,985
+ As I think about
+ my college years,
+
+ 231
+ 00:12:37,985 --> 00:12:39,740
+ sometimes frightening as well
+
+ 232
+ 00:12:39,740 --> 00:12:43,580
+ as I'm amazed that
+ of the cabinet.
+
+ 233
+ 00:12:43,580 --> 00:12:46,925
+ And certainly when I
+ ended that Merkel intern
+
+ 234
+ 00:12:46,925 --> 00:12:50,150
+ governors after filling part
+ of the requirements for
+
+ 235
+ 00:12:50,150 --> 00:12:54,125
+ my major oven helped
+ me gain confidence.
+
+ 236
+ 00:12:54,125 --> 00:12:57,590
+ And I found the more I gained
+ and pamphlet The left.
+
+ 237
+ 00:12:57,590 --> 00:12:58,835
+ I thought about myself
+
+ 238
+ 00:12:58,835 --> 00:13:01,145
+ and became more
+ concerned about others.
+
+ 239
+ 00:13:01,145 --> 00:13:03,920
+ I learned that people
+ are more important
+
+ 240
+ 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:06,590
+ than how I might do
+ on a particular exam.
+
+ 241
+ 00:13:06,590 --> 00:13:09,200
+ And I never did any work
+ done, according Jeff,
+
+ 242
+ 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:13,220
+ because they tried to be
+ a fat people caring about
+
+ 243
+ 00:13:13,220 --> 00:13:15,635
+ people that are calling as
+
+ 244
+ 00:13:15,635 --> 00:13:19,910
+ Christian surprise gift
+ of a motorized chair.
+
+ 245
+ 00:13:19,910 --> 00:13:21,920
+ So they do solace and could be
+
+ 246
+ 00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:24,470
+ more independent. Welcome Week.
+
+ 247
+ 00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:26,630
+ Volunteers buzzing around looking
+
+ 248
+ 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:29,434
+ for ways to be helpful. Residue
+
+ 249
+ 00:13:29,434 --> 00:13:32,270
+ >> Open to students
+ on their floor.
+
+ 250
+ 00:13:32,270 --> 00:13:36,260
+ Blood donor, a fleet of
+ students spending their summer,
+
+ 251
+ 00:13:36,260 --> 00:13:38,000
+ needy areas of the world.
+
+ 252
+ 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:40,550
+ Inspiring for me to
+ realize that while
+
+ 253
+ 00:13:40,550 --> 00:13:42,949
+ our students are in
+ training for ministry,
+
+ 254
+ 00:13:42,949 --> 00:13:46,130
+ God chooses to use them
+ in significant ways.
+
+ 255
+ 00:13:46,130 --> 00:13:48,710
+ I think of George Syndrome
+ came to be known as
+
+ 256
+ 00:13:48,710 --> 00:13:51,905
+ Chicken George because
+ while he was in Thailand,
+
+ 257
+ 00:13:51,905 --> 00:13:54,230
+ he invented a portable
+ Chicken group
+
+ 258
+ 00:13:54,230 --> 00:13:55,460
+ that will allow the people
+
+ 259
+ 00:13:55,460 --> 00:13:59,150
+ there to have Egg Producers
+ and then eat the chickens.
+
+ 260
+ 00:13:59,150 --> 00:14:03,200
+ To or think of triste Holland
+ and Paul de Bernanke,
+
+ 261
+ 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:07,310
+ who climbed 20 thousand
+ foot tall Mount McKinley
+
+ 262
+ 00:14:07,310 --> 00:14:08,930
+ for a reason and much greater
+
+ 263
+ 00:14:08,930 --> 00:14:11,194
+ than simply getting to the top.
+
+ 264
+ 00:14:11,194 --> 00:14:13,400
+ >> There's nothing that
+ my climbing partner isn't
+
+ 265
+ 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:15,260
+ I enjoy more than the prospect of
+
+ 266
+ 00:14:15,260 --> 00:14:16,910
+ spending a month on a big Alaskan
+
+ 267
+ 00:14:16,910 --> 00:14:19,190
+ mountain or with Mount McKinley,
+
+ 268
+ 00:14:19,190 --> 00:14:22,220
+ It had to be more than just
+ a client for fun and sport.
+
+ 269
+ 00:14:22,220 --> 00:14:24,920
+ When we thought that it was
+ possible to raise money to
+
+ 270
+ 00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,365
+ help Cambodian refugees
+ through world vision.
+
+ 271
+ 00:14:27,365 --> 00:14:30,920
+ Because of our climb, it
+ all became very worthwhile.
+
+ 272
+ 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:34,684
+ Purpose of bathroom is
+ mapped to produce completion
+
+ 273
+ 00:14:34,684 --> 00:14:36,740
+ >> intellectual customers.
+
+ 274
+ 00:14:36,740 --> 00:14:41,165
+ Rather, it's to make our
+ college and seminary graduates
+
+ 275
+ 00:14:41,165 --> 00:14:43,760
+ uncomfortable enough to do
+
+ 276
+ 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:46,550
+ something about the prism
+ shape of the world.
+
+ 277
+ 00:14:46,550 --> 00:14:48,470
+ And we do all kinds
+ of things to try and
+
+ 278
+ 00:14:48,470 --> 00:14:50,675
+ get people to do what they
+ don't really want to do.
+
+ 279
+ 00:14:50,675 --> 00:14:53,225
+ But in the end, the
+ motivating factor
+
+ 280
+ 00:14:53,225 --> 00:14:55,460
+ is to understand
+ the grace of God,
+
+ 281
+ 00:14:55,460 --> 00:14:57,570
+ to have a responsive
+ gratitude and to
+
+ 282
+ 00:14:57,570 --> 00:14:59,250
+ demonstrate this gratitude by
+
+ 283
+ 00:14:59,250 --> 00:15:01,570
+ doing what he wants us to do.
+
+ 284
+ 00:15:21,429 --> 00:15:29,930
+ >> Being around anymore.
+ I hear a lot about labor.
+
+ 285
+ 00:15:29,930 --> 00:15:39,860
+ They were you worried
+ about Latin for,
+
+ 286
+ 00:15:39,860 --> 00:15:41,975
+ I know the play and have for
+
+ 287
+ 00:15:41,975 --> 00:15:45,840
+ the Lord to give you a future.
+
+ 288
+ 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:25,860
+ Mm-hm.
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+ 1
+ 00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:09,255
+ Hello. Today is July 30th, 1992.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:09,255 --> 00:00:10,680
+ My name is Mark Fry.
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:10,680 --> 00:00:13,260
+ I'm a volunteer lawyer
+ interviewer for
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:13,260 --> 00:00:15,780
+ the Khmer archives
+ project organized by
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:15,780 --> 00:00:16,740
+ the Minnesota lawyers
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:16,740 --> 00:00:18,675
+ international human
+ rights committee.
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:18,675 --> 00:00:22,530
+ I'm interviewing chum
+ runtime and the location
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:22,530 --> 00:00:24,645
+ of this interview is
+ cable access studio
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:24,645 --> 00:00:27,250
+ in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:36,490 --> 00:00:41,225
+ Hello, chum Ron. First of all,
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:41,225 --> 00:00:44,780
+ where were you born in Cambodia?
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:44,780 --> 00:00:49,805
+ Home. I was born in
+ cm and a city is
+
+ 13
+ 00:00:49,805 --> 00:00:54,965
+ not less of Cambodia Care.
+
+ 14
+ 00:00:54,965 --> 00:00:58,535
+ How long did you
+ live in that locale?
+
+ 15
+ 00:00:58,535 --> 00:01:02,150
+ I lived a few years
+ and after that,
+
+ 16
+ 00:01:02,150 --> 00:01:04,370
+ my pattern little bat to live
+
+ 17
+ 00:01:04,370 --> 00:01:08,000
+ in Cambodia in Metabolic City.
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:13,950
+ Ok. How many brothers and
+ sisters did you have?
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:21,270
+ I have fall.
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:22,570 --> 00:01:26,225
+ Fall brought an end to syste.
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:26,225 --> 00:01:30,365
+ But right now only to be ally.
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:30,365 --> 00:01:32,885
+ And one brought us
+ did in Cambodia
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:32,885 --> 00:01:36,455
+ and one sister in California.
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:36,455 --> 00:01:41,090
+ Care. What does your
+ ethnic background?
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:41,090 --> 00:01:45,875
+ And the Cambodian but
+ someone pop from Chinese.
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:45,875 --> 00:01:49,879
+ Okay. What did your father
+
+ 27
+ 00:01:49,879 --> 00:01:53,675
+ and mother do while you
+ lived in Battambang?
+
+ 28
+ 00:01:53,675 --> 00:01:58,790
+ The Apple working
+ on down business.
+
+ 29
+ 00:01:58,790 --> 00:02:03,110
+ And my mom yes.
+
+ 30
+ 00:02:03,110 --> 00:02:06,005
+ Dealing as mod of business,
+
+ 31
+ 00:02:06,005 --> 00:02:08,885
+ sounding like it'll say
+ something like that.
+
+ 32
+ 00:02:08,885 --> 00:02:13,580
+ Okay. Did you you've
+
+ 33
+ 00:02:13,580 --> 00:02:14,990
+ spent most of your
+ time growing up
+
+ 34
+ 00:02:14,990 --> 00:02:16,880
+ in Battambang that yes.
+
+ 35
+ 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:25,430
+ Okay. Do you remember
+
+ 36
+ 00:02:25,430 --> 00:02:28,145
+ when the Khmer Rouge
+ came to power?
+
+ 37
+ 00:02:28,145 --> 00:02:34,800
+ And less than April 17th, 1975.
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:34,960 --> 00:02:38,120
+ And you were in
+ Battambang At the time?
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:40,475
+ No lab lesson. Plumping city.
+
+ 40
+ 00:02:40,475 --> 00:02:42,140
+ Okay. What were you
+ doing in Phnom Penh
+
+ 41
+ 00:02:42,140 --> 00:02:45,950
+ sorting and that time I
+ list the police office,
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:45,950 --> 00:02:51,110
+ the ok. How long have you
+ been living in Phnom Penh?
+
+ 43
+ 00:02:51,110 --> 00:02:54,200
+ Sorry. This amo to
+ you. Two years.
+
+ 44
+ 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:56,840
+ Okay. What happened when
+
+ 45
+ 00:02:56,840 --> 00:02:58,400
+ the Khmer Rouge came to power
+
+ 46
+ 00:02:58,400 --> 00:02:59,900
+ during those first few days?
+
+ 47
+ 00:02:59,900 --> 00:03:05,105
+ Do you recall that time?
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:05,105 --> 00:03:10,175
+ I the first day of April 17,
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:10,175 --> 00:03:12,680
+ I went to pick up
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:12,680 --> 00:03:17,540
+ my friend that I live
+ with them in plumping.
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:17,540 --> 00:03:21,830
+ From the airport
+ and boating tongue.
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:21,830 --> 00:03:23,870
+ When I came back home,
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:23,870 --> 00:03:28,370
+ that they will decide
+ to stay there.
+
+ 54
+ 00:03:28,370 --> 00:03:32,390
+ And everybody in the neighbor,
+
+ 55
+ 00:03:32,390 --> 00:03:34,070
+ they start to move because
+
+ 56
+ 00:03:34,070 --> 00:03:37,100
+ the the Camaro soldier asked
+
+ 57
+ 00:03:37,100 --> 00:03:41,180
+ us to leave the town
+ only three day.
+
+ 58
+ 00:03:41,180 --> 00:03:43,160
+ And that times many,
+
+ 59
+ 00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:46,070
+ many people on the street.
+
+ 60
+ 00:03:46,070 --> 00:03:48,755
+ And we cannot get
+ out from the place.
+
+ 61
+ 00:03:48,755 --> 00:03:50,180
+ So we decide to stay
+
+ 62
+ 00:03:50,180 --> 00:03:54,650
+ one night and a house
+ and a nice morning.
+
+ 63
+ 00:03:54,650 --> 00:03:59,285
+ The part everything
+ It's not all belonging.
+
+ 64
+ 00:03:59,285 --> 00:04:02,450
+ Take along wet because
+ I thought that
+
+ 65
+ 00:04:02,450 --> 00:04:05,930
+ we can come back to
+ the city about 33 day.
+
+ 66
+ 00:04:05,930 --> 00:04:10,430
+ So we just take some of
+ belonging along with that.
+
+ 67
+ 00:04:10,430 --> 00:04:17,510
+ And the morning of
+ April 181975, I care.
+
+ 68
+ 00:04:17,510 --> 00:04:20,645
+ Where did you go when you
+ whack Phnom Penh, Sorry.
+
+ 69
+ 00:04:20,645 --> 00:04:23,945
+ I went with my friend
+ that I live with them,
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:23,945 --> 00:04:32,150
+ goes south to Japan,
+
+ 71
+ 00:04:32,150 --> 00:04:41,545
+ Bo just across Mekong River
+ to the is of plumping city.
+
+ 72
+ 00:04:41,545 --> 00:04:44,305
+ And then may decide
+ to stay there.
+
+ 73
+ 00:04:44,305 --> 00:04:48,370
+ But generally, we can't
+ stay because they come
+
+ 74
+ 00:04:48,370 --> 00:04:49,810
+ out or sold yet tried to
+
+ 75
+ 00:04:49,810 --> 00:04:52,750
+ pause to move
+ farther and farther.
+
+ 76
+ 00:04:52,750 --> 00:04:58,570
+ And the when to one
+ place they call not up
+
+ 77
+ 00:04:58,570 --> 00:05:05,690
+ from about ten kilo meter
+ from non-being city.
+
+ 78
+ 00:05:06,330 --> 00:05:10,450
+ At that time, were soldiers
+ guarding over you or
+
+ 79
+ 00:05:10,450 --> 00:05:12,040
+ were you allowed to move
+
+ 80
+ 00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:14,125
+ freely on your own
+ with your friend?
+
+ 81
+ 00:05:14,125 --> 00:05:17,470
+ In my area, they
+ allow me to go so
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:17,470 --> 00:05:21,310
+ only it cannot go
+ different direction.
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:21,310 --> 00:05:24,440
+ Okay. What happened
+ after all of this?
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:30,530
+ Then? I stay there about
+ a month and then know,
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:30,530 --> 00:05:33,935
+ tend to go back to the city.
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:33,935 --> 00:05:38,225
+ And then my friend
+ and I decide to
+
+ 87
+ 00:05:38,225 --> 00:05:41,660
+ leave and make decision to
+
+ 88
+ 00:05:41,660 --> 00:05:45,020
+ go to the hometown
+ and his hometown,
+
+ 89
+ 00:05:45,020 --> 00:05:50,510
+ this is cmd province and
+ my hometown is bottom bar.
+
+ 90
+ 00:05:50,510 --> 00:05:53,540
+ So I wanted to go
+ to see my pattern.
+
+ 91
+ 00:05:53,540 --> 00:05:56,385
+ Okay. Were you able to
+
+ 92
+ 00:05:56,385 --> 00:06:01,080
+ to travel to Battambang or
+ were you stopped beforehand?
+
+ 93
+ 00:06:01,750 --> 00:06:08,510
+ I can't stop by the
+ the tomato soldier to
+
+ 94
+ 00:06:08,510 --> 00:06:14,690
+ stay in one small
+ village between CMB,
+
+ 95
+ 00:06:14,690 --> 00:06:18,110
+ a province and
+ combinatorial problem.
+
+ 96
+ 00:06:18,110 --> 00:06:21,660
+ They call poem to.
+
+ 97
+ 00:06:22,510 --> 00:06:26,400
+ Yeah. Okay, that's fine.
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+ Okay. This time trauma.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:17,950 --> 00:00:23,020
+ And approximately how
+ old were you doing?
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:23,020 --> 00:00:25,014
+ They come out of it?
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:25,014 --> 00:00:28,645
+ Yeah. That's 20 years old.
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:28,645 --> 00:00:32,650
+ 20. Okay. Now, okay.
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:32,650 --> 00:00:37,434
+ You were you able to make
+ it travel to bottom Bond?
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:37,434 --> 00:00:40,179
+ Did you did you eventually
+ arrive in Battambang to see
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:40,179 --> 00:00:43,680
+ your family or did they
+ stop you before then?
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:51,275
+ No. They they try to stop me
+ and my friend along the way.
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:51,275 --> 00:00:57,395
+ But yes, to not lie to them
+ and make them want to stay
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:57,395 --> 00:00:59,644
+ at a different place like that
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:59,644 --> 00:01:04,220
+ because I did not know
+ any body know relative.
+
+ 13
+ 00:01:04,220 --> 00:01:07,715
+ So just trying to get away.
+
+ 14
+ 00:01:07,715 --> 00:01:11,495
+ But I cannot at that time.
+
+ 15
+ 00:01:11,495 --> 00:01:14,975
+ That's why the last
+
+ 16
+ 00:01:14,975 --> 00:01:19,804
+ stop that I stay in
+ Kampala, Tom problem,
+
+ 17
+ 00:01:19,804 --> 00:01:24,590
+ they call poem to
+ me that the relay
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:24,590 --> 00:01:30,424
+ is separate between same
+ ramp and couple of thumb.
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:30,424 --> 00:01:33,920
+ Okay. Now was a village
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:36,350
+ that was established by the
+ Khmer Rouge or was this
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:36,350 --> 00:01:38,419
+ an existence because of the
+ Khmer Rouge came to visit
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:38,419 --> 00:01:43,834
+ the existing village that
+ along the highway numbers say.
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:43,834 --> 00:01:48,845
+ Okay. How long did
+ you remain there?
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:48,845 --> 00:01:52,264
+ I stayed there until
+ the Vietnamese
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:52,264 --> 00:01:58,505
+ came in January ninth, 1979.
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:58,505 --> 00:02:04,174
+ Okay. Whether many Khmer
+ Rouge soldiers there,
+
+ 27
+ 00:02:04,174 --> 00:02:06,395
+ not so many there,
+
+ 28
+ 00:02:06,395 --> 00:02:08,225
+ but that their latest,
+
+ 29
+ 00:02:08,225 --> 00:02:11,540
+ the, at the old place that
+
+ 30
+ 00:02:11,540 --> 00:02:19,559
+ the commando capture
+ during 1970 occur.
+
+ 31
+ 00:02:19,630 --> 00:02:22,100
+ How many, how many of you were
+
+ 32
+ 00:02:22,100 --> 00:02:27,304
+ there that were being guarded or,
+
+ 33
+ 00:02:27,304 --> 00:02:29,795
+ or held there by the Khmer Rouge.
+
+ 34
+ 00:02:29,795 --> 00:02:36,305
+ The people that while
+ alone at that time,
+
+ 35
+ 00:02:36,305 --> 00:02:40,504
+ as I remember, has
+ about 200 people.
+
+ 36
+ 00:02:40,504 --> 00:02:44,300
+ And they let us stay there.
+
+ 37
+ 00:02:44,300 --> 00:02:49,220
+ And then they put
+ lay one family one.
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:49,220 --> 00:02:50,420
+ How would they call
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:50,420 --> 00:02:54,514
+ the old people to leave
+ with them so they can
+
+ 40
+ 00:02:54,514 --> 00:03:00,560
+ provide shout and some
+ food or material.
+
+ 41
+ 00:03:00,560 --> 00:03:02,915
+ A little bit hard
+ to live with them.
+
+ 42
+ 00:03:02,915 --> 00:03:05,884
+ Okay. Now, what do you
+ mean by the wrong people?
+
+ 43
+ 00:03:05,884 --> 00:03:08,690
+ That mean the people
+ that live that
+
+ 44
+ 00:03:08,690 --> 00:03:12,200
+ the Camaro before the Khmer
+
+ 45
+ 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:14,795
+ captured the whole Cambodia Care.
+
+ 46
+ 00:03:14,795 --> 00:03:18,199
+ Okay. Were you in a household
+
+ 47
+ 00:03:18,199 --> 00:03:19,940
+ with another family or with
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:19,940 --> 00:03:22,040
+ your friend or who did you ever?
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:27,124
+ I live with my friend and
+ his wife, two children.
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:27,124 --> 00:03:32,390
+ Okay. Now, while you
+ were living here,
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:32,730 --> 00:03:34,930
+ do they have you do
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:34,930 --> 00:03:38,335
+ work or what did you
+ do during the day?
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:38,335 --> 00:03:40,479
+ Yes. They said nato.
+
+ 54
+ 00:03:40,479 --> 00:03:43,405
+ Let them right away
+ then the next day.
+
+ 55
+ 00:03:43,405 --> 00:03:45,760
+ Okay. And what kind of
+ work do they have you?
+
+ 56
+ 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:55,435
+ Do? They send me to live with
+ the to date the bloody car,
+
+ 57
+ 00:03:55,435 --> 00:04:00,280
+ like a small stream that
+ file from the place
+
+ 58
+ 00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:02,350
+ that they live while
+ in the flawed I sub
+
+ 59
+ 00:04:02,350 --> 00:04:05,979
+ L phi to say kilo meter.
+
+ 60
+ 00:04:05,979 --> 00:04:09,984
+ And here were these
+ irrigation ditches?
+
+ 61
+ 00:04:09,984 --> 00:04:14,105
+ Yeah. Okay. What other kinds
+ of work do they have you do?
+
+ 62
+ 00:04:14,105 --> 00:04:16,489
+ Just the first time?
+
+ 63
+ 00:04:16,489 --> 00:04:18,589
+ Will they introduce us as
+
+ 64
+ 00:04:18,589 --> 00:04:21,515
+ a No people come to
+ live in the village
+
+ 65
+ 00:04:21,515 --> 00:04:27,514
+ and they tie lake
+ a very cheerful,
+
+ 66
+ 00:04:27,514 --> 00:04:30,350
+ trying to make us happy
+ to leave with them.
+
+ 67
+ 00:04:30,350 --> 00:04:32,494
+ And they asked us to help.
+
+ 68
+ 00:04:32,494 --> 00:04:35,899
+ Little whatever they've
+ been assigned to
+
+ 69
+ 00:04:35,899 --> 00:04:39,560
+ do, Hokkaido will occur.
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:42,964
+ So we're most of the tasks
+ agricultural planting?
+
+ 71
+ 00:04:42,964 --> 00:04:45,919
+ Yes. Okay. Today, were you
+
+ 72
+ 00:04:45,919 --> 00:04:49,504
+ involved with road construction,
+ anything like that?
+
+ 73
+ 00:04:49,504 --> 00:04:51,259
+ Mostly agricultural tasks?
+
+ 74
+ 00:04:51,259 --> 00:04:55,009
+ No. The first three months just
+
+ 75
+ 00:04:55,009 --> 00:05:00,530
+ only taking irrigation
+ water plan for that place.
+
+ 76
+ 00:05:00,530 --> 00:05:04,519
+ And then after three months,
+
+ 77
+ 00:05:04,519 --> 00:05:07,160
+ they send us mad
+ because that time is
+
+ 78
+ 00:05:07,160 --> 00:05:10,294
+ the time to plan race.
+
+ 79
+ 00:05:10,294 --> 00:05:13,669
+ So they send us mat and
+ we cannot do anymore.
+
+ 80
+ 00:05:13,669 --> 00:05:16,970
+ I'm going to have to heavy rain.
+
+ 81
+ 00:05:16,970 --> 00:05:19,730
+ So let's come back to
+ the village trying to
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:19,730 --> 00:05:23,399
+ plan to help the other
+ people. Don't care.
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:28,339
+ How, what would be a
+ typical workday in terms
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:28,339 --> 00:05:31,220
+ of in terms of the amount of
+ time that you would work,
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:31,220 --> 00:05:33,020
+ when would you start
+ in the morning
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:33,020 --> 00:05:35,060
+ and end at the end of the day.
+
+ 87
+ 00:05:35,060 --> 00:05:38,105
+ First year that the
+ Khmer Rouge took over.
+
+ 88
+ 00:05:38,105 --> 00:05:40,789
+ The work hours not really tie
+
+ 89
+ 00:05:40,789 --> 00:05:44,615
+ like the old farmer used to work.
+
+ 90
+ 00:05:44,615 --> 00:05:46,699
+ In the morning. We get up,
+
+ 91
+ 00:05:46,699 --> 00:05:49,250
+ usually have a tiny plate first
+
+ 92
+ 00:05:49,250 --> 00:05:51,499
+ a little bit and start to go to
+
+ 93
+ 00:05:51,499 --> 00:05:56,915
+ the feel about nine AM
+ and until the sunset.
+
+ 94
+ 00:05:56,915 --> 00:06:00,139
+ Combat home. Okay. That
+ was the first year.
+
+ 95
+ 00:06:00,139 --> 00:06:02,735
+ They did things
+ change after there.
+
+ 96
+ 00:06:02,735 --> 00:06:06,050
+ And then Neitzsche
+ years they start
+
+ 97
+ 00:06:06,050 --> 00:06:08,839
+ to trying to push people to
+
+ 98
+ 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:14,990
+ the mall by trying
+
+ 99
+ 00:06:14,990 --> 00:06:16,399
+ to wake up people early in
+
+ 100
+ 00:06:16,399 --> 00:06:18,934
+ the morning and go to the feel.
+
+ 101
+ 00:06:18,934 --> 00:06:23,315
+ Okay. What time do you
+ think that that was?
+
+ 102
+ 00:06:23,315 --> 00:06:25,549
+ When when they would have you
+
+ 103
+ 00:06:25,549 --> 00:06:28,504
+ sent you out to the
+ fields to start working?
+
+ 104
+ 00:06:28,504 --> 00:06:32,509
+ Nominee that they don't
+ have time and I don't know,
+
+ 105
+ 00:06:32,509 --> 00:06:36,590
+ but is it the sunrise on
+ everybody and need to get up.
+
+ 106
+ 00:06:36,590 --> 00:06:39,470
+ Ok. And was that was that
+
+ 107
+ 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:41,374
+ the way the workday
+
+ 108
+ 00:06:41,374 --> 00:06:43,144
+ went for the rest of the
+ time you were there?
+
+ 109
+ 00:06:43,144 --> 00:06:45,245
+ Sunrise to sunset?
+ Yeah, absolutely.
+
+ 110
+ 00:06:45,245 --> 00:06:48,740
+ Sometime when the out they need
+
+ 111
+ 00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:52,309
+ to finish and then
+ they don't have
+
+ 112
+ 00:06:52,309 --> 00:06:54,559
+ enough time to do the push
+ that to live at night
+
+ 113
+ 00:06:54,559 --> 00:06:59,690
+ to become home and a little bit,
+
+ 114
+ 00:06:59,690 --> 00:07:01,849
+ and then we must go back again.
+
+ 115
+ 00:07:01,849 --> 00:07:07,130
+ Okay. I've heard that,
+
+ 116
+ 00:07:07,130 --> 00:07:09,619
+ that they would have
+ educational seminars
+
+ 117
+ 00:07:09,619 --> 00:07:12,679
+ to to learn the
+ philosophy of Pol Pot.
+
+ 118
+ 00:07:12,679 --> 00:07:14,750
+ Did they do that at,
+
+ 119
+ 00:07:14,750 --> 00:07:17,180
+ at your village where you stayed?
+
+ 120
+ 00:07:17,180 --> 00:07:21,350
+ Jealously? They do
+ at the lunchtime.
+
+ 121
+ 00:07:21,350 --> 00:07:23,090
+ When people have a break.
+
+ 122
+ 00:07:23,090 --> 00:07:25,175
+ After eating a little bit,
+
+ 123
+ 00:07:25,175 --> 00:07:30,889
+ the group leader choose
+ to give some advice
+
+ 124
+ 00:07:30,889 --> 00:07:32,990
+ and trying to ask about
+
+ 125
+ 00:07:32,990 --> 00:07:35,300
+ the background for the new people
+
+ 126
+ 00:07:35,300 --> 00:07:37,504
+ that come to live in the VLA.
+
+ 127
+ 00:07:37,504 --> 00:07:43,325
+ And sometime they do at NIH
+ after we finished split,
+
+ 128
+ 00:07:43,325 --> 00:07:46,099
+ they obey, asked to
+ have a meeting to learn
+
+ 129
+ 00:07:46,099 --> 00:07:49,625
+ about the that new philosophy.
+
+ 130
+ 00:07:49,625 --> 00:07:51,559
+ Was that usually every,
+
+ 131
+ 00:07:51,559 --> 00:07:54,484
+ every day, that that
+ would take place.
+
+ 132
+ 00:07:54,484 --> 00:07:56,930
+ The first years, not every day,
+
+ 133
+ 00:07:56,930 --> 00:07:59,945
+ but kind like a
+ almost every week.
+
+ 134
+ 00:07:59,945 --> 00:08:01,950
+ Okay.
+
+ 135
+ 00:08:10,660 --> 00:08:13,054
+ Did did they
+
+ 136
+ 00:08:13,054 --> 00:08:16,159
+ ask you about your
+ background at all?
+
+ 137
+ 00:08:16,159 --> 00:08:19,250
+ They did. Okay. But I lie.
+
+ 138
+ 00:08:19,250 --> 00:08:21,184
+ And what would you tell them?
+
+ 139
+ 00:08:21,184 --> 00:08:26,165
+ I told them I was a stone
+ and they believe it
+
+ 140
+ 00:08:26,165 --> 00:08:28,340
+ because I was young
+ that time and I'm
+
+ 141
+ 00:08:28,340 --> 00:08:31,160
+ not married and I was
+ not meant at that time.
+
+ 142
+ 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:34,469
+ What would happen if you
+ told them your background?
+
+ 143
+ 00:08:34,840 --> 00:08:39,454
+ When I was there
+ the first few Day,
+
+ 144
+ 00:08:39,454 --> 00:08:42,050
+ the people that I live with,
+
+ 145
+ 00:08:42,050 --> 00:08:46,069
+ they told me how to sit,
+
+ 146
+ 00:08:46,069 --> 00:08:51,349
+ Why don't tell
+ everything to truth.
+
+ 147
+ 00:08:51,349 --> 00:09:00,620
+ And because they have that
+ family have some feeling,
+
+ 148
+ 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:04,415
+ one to help us to survive
+ during that time.
+
+ 149
+ 00:09:04,415 --> 00:09:13,354
+ So they told her to destroy
+ all kind of identification.
+
+ 150
+ 00:09:13,354 --> 00:09:18,619
+ Some work may be that
+ I brought with us,
+
+ 151
+ 00:09:18,619 --> 00:09:22,370
+ gave to the people that
+ because they don't
+
+ 152
+ 00:09:22,370 --> 00:09:26,450
+ have paper to roll the tobacco.
+
+ 153
+ 00:09:26,450 --> 00:09:28,429
+ So as good as you
+ gave it to them,
+
+ 154
+ 00:09:28,429 --> 00:09:31,650
+ you don't keep it.
+ That mean safe.
+
+ 155
+ 00:09:34,330 --> 00:09:37,730
+ If you what about
+
+ 156
+ 00:09:37,730 --> 00:09:41,565
+ your background would make
+ them suspicious of you?
+
+ 157
+ 00:09:41,565 --> 00:09:43,505
+ Would it be because
+ you were a police?
+
+ 158
+ 00:09:43,505 --> 00:09:46,520
+ Policemen and at
+ Phnom Penh city or or
+
+ 159
+ 00:09:46,520 --> 00:09:48,590
+ because of your family background
+
+ 160
+ 00:09:48,590 --> 00:09:49,670
+ in terms of your parents
+
+ 161
+ 00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:52,940
+ were shopkeepers or what
+ would it be that they are
+
+ 162
+ 00:09:52,940 --> 00:09:57,140
+ the Khmer Rouge would
+ not like to commando,
+
+ 163
+ 00:09:57,140 --> 00:10:00,004
+ don't like people in the office.
+
+ 164
+ 00:10:00,004 --> 00:10:03,379
+ And also they don't lie to
+ people that have lice can lie.
+
+ 165
+ 00:10:03,379 --> 00:10:08,240
+ My stop. They all they
+ accused SLS alike.
+
+ 166
+ 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:14,209
+ Vietnamese, all the ethnic group.
+
+ 167
+ 00:10:14,209 --> 00:10:18,965
+ We are not really pill
+ a 100% Cambodian.
+
+ 168
+ 00:10:18,965 --> 00:10:24,804
+ Okay. Your experience there,
+
+ 169
+ 00:10:24,804 --> 00:10:26,584
+ did you yourself,
+
+ 170
+ 00:10:26,584 --> 00:10:29,120
+ were you ever subjected
+ to physical abuse
+
+ 171
+ 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:34,320
+ or abused in any way while
+ you were in the village?
+
+ 172
+ 00:10:35,920 --> 00:10:39,575
+ Boat? They have physical abuse,
+
+ 173
+ 00:10:39,575 --> 00:10:45,125
+ have a mentally or
+ mental abuse. He had.
+
+ 174
+ 00:10:45,125 --> 00:10:48,110
+ The Khmer Rouge tend to
+
+ 175
+ 00:10:48,110 --> 00:10:51,080
+ eliminate the people from
+
+ 176
+ 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:54,869
+ the city because they accuse us.
+
+ 177
+ 00:10:57,060 --> 00:11:02,080
+ A strange person that
+ never were and a farm and
+
+ 178
+ 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:06,804
+ the person that always take
+ advantage over the farmer.
+
+ 179
+ 00:11:06,804 --> 00:11:09,535
+ Because of the Khmer Rouge.
+
+ 180
+ 00:11:09,535 --> 00:11:12,955
+ Most of them the farmer.
+
+ 181
+ 00:11:12,955 --> 00:11:18,954
+ And they have a background
+ that very low education.
+
+ 182
+ 00:11:18,954 --> 00:11:22,270
+ And they don't like
+ the city people
+
+ 183
+ 00:11:22,270 --> 00:11:26,634
+ that used to take
+ Atlantic from them.
+
+ 184
+ 00:11:26,634 --> 00:11:30,054
+ And then it kind like
+ we went for them.
+
+ 185
+ 00:11:30,054 --> 00:11:33,504
+ But I don't know about
+ the tomato philosophy.
+
+ 186
+ 00:11:33,504 --> 00:11:38,379
+ But this is yes,
+ only the the feeling
+
+ 187
+ 00:11:38,379 --> 00:11:41,310
+ that I feel that time.
+
+ 188
+ 00:11:41,410 --> 00:11:44,240
+ Did you were you yourself,
+
+ 189
+ 00:11:44,240 --> 00:11:48,530
+ personally subjected to any
+ abuse by the Khmer Rouge?
+
+ 190
+ 00:11:48,530 --> 00:11:51,349
+ Yeah. What can you
+ do you remember
+
+ 191
+ 00:11:51,349 --> 00:11:55,475
+ any specific incidents
+ that occur at one time?
+
+ 192
+ 00:11:55,475 --> 00:11:57,365
+ They said me too.
+
+ 193
+ 00:11:57,365 --> 00:12:03,605
+ We're at to trying
+ to make a water dam.
+
+ 194
+ 00:12:03,605 --> 00:12:15,120
+ And the they call Stan sign
+ as part of a not Cambodia.
+
+ 195
+ 00:12:15,340 --> 00:12:20,389
+ And that tiny from sunrise to
+
+ 196
+ 00:12:20,389 --> 00:12:23,209
+ sunset and then come to
+
+ 197
+ 00:12:23,209 --> 00:12:27,779
+ the borough that they
+ bill for a to slip.
+
+ 198
+ 00:12:27,970 --> 00:12:34,429
+ And when the work is
+ not done on time,
+
+ 199
+ 00:12:34,429 --> 00:12:37,669
+ they asked us to work
+ at NIH after dinner.
+
+ 200
+ 00:12:37,669 --> 00:12:39,650
+ Most of the time, they did not
+
+ 201
+ 00:12:39,650 --> 00:12:42,034
+ allow us to come to
+ the burrow to eat.
+
+ 202
+ 00:12:42,034 --> 00:12:44,675
+ They have the cook
+
+ 203
+ 00:12:44,675 --> 00:12:49,714
+ that brought the Dina to
+ the place that we work.
+
+ 204
+ 00:12:49,714 --> 00:12:53,660
+ And then they are
+ just distribute each
+
+ 205
+ 00:12:53,660 --> 00:12:58,489
+ played for us to eat for a
+ while above half an hour,
+
+ 206
+ 00:12:58,489 --> 00:13:02,405
+ and then they start plus two
+
+ 207
+ 00:13:02,405 --> 00:13:07,759
+ again until ten or 11:00 PM
+ until midnight sometime.
+
+ 208
+ 00:13:07,759 --> 00:13:11,549
+ And their philosophy,
+
+ 209
+ 00:13:12,700 --> 00:13:18,245
+ the people that the leader
+ when they saw did not fitness.
+
+ 210
+ 00:13:18,245 --> 00:13:19,789
+ Even that posts that
+
+ 211
+ 00:13:19,789 --> 00:13:22,534
+ tiny our hardware
+ that did not finish.
+
+ 212
+ 00:13:22,534 --> 00:13:24,859
+ And then they start a new idea.
+
+ 213
+ 00:13:24,859 --> 00:13:28,759
+ Say, Daddy, why a piece of land?
+
+ 214
+ 00:13:28,759 --> 00:13:31,580
+ If you dig it fast,
+
+ 215
+ 00:13:31,580 --> 00:13:32,795
+ you can get finished.
+
+ 216
+ 00:13:32,795 --> 00:13:36,080
+ Their part that they
+ gave it to her to do.
+
+ 217
+ 00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:39,094
+ You can go to the
+ broad sleep early.
+
+ 218
+ 00:13:39,094 --> 00:13:41,120
+ And some people are trying to do
+
+ 219
+ 00:13:41,120 --> 00:13:42,890
+ that to get faster
+ and then so they can
+
+ 220
+ 00:13:42,890 --> 00:13:45,530
+ have time come back
+ to have a lat of
+
+ 221
+ 00:13:45,530 --> 00:13:47,045
+ find something to aid because
+
+ 222
+ 00:13:47,045 --> 00:13:49,220
+ they don't have
+ enough food to eat.
+
+ 223
+ 00:13:49,220 --> 00:13:51,199
+ And later on people,
+
+ 224
+ 00:13:51,199 --> 00:13:54,455
+ but I'm trying too hard
+ to finish their part.
+
+ 225
+ 00:13:54,455 --> 00:13:59,060
+ And then they increase the
+ portion of work load so
+
+ 226
+ 00:13:59,060 --> 00:14:04,589
+ until nobody can finish
+ before the one at the combat.
+
+ 227
+ 00:14:05,950 --> 00:14:09,529
+ Do Do you recall
+
+ 228
+ 00:14:09,529 --> 00:14:14,419
+ any incidents witnessing any
+ incidents where where people
+
+ 229
+ 00:14:14,419 --> 00:14:22,970
+ were killed or just disappeared
+ or beaten at that time.
+
+ 230
+ 00:14:22,970 --> 00:14:25,459
+ And 197 needs seven,
+
+ 231
+ 00:14:25,459 --> 00:14:29,720
+ same one of my friend
+
+ 232
+ 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:36,019
+ when two were from the same
+ village and he disappear.
+
+ 233
+ 00:14:36,019 --> 00:14:38,839
+ I don't know what the reason why.
+
+ 234
+ 00:14:38,839 --> 00:14:43,984
+ Because they accuse
+ him that he's not very
+
+ 235
+ 00:14:43,984 --> 00:14:52,774
+ active that trying to
+ against their philosophy.
+
+ 236
+ 00:14:52,774 --> 00:14:57,694
+ But actually he's
+ really tired his sakes.
+
+ 237
+ 00:14:57,694 --> 00:15:02,389
+ He got diarrhea and he went
+
+ 238
+ 00:15:02,389 --> 00:15:04,849
+ into the the forest
+
+ 239
+ 00:15:04,849 --> 00:15:08,464
+ nearby because he got diary,
+ he cannot stay there.
+
+ 240
+ 00:15:08,464 --> 00:15:12,559
+ And they accuse him that
+ trying to get away from birth.
+
+ 241
+ 00:15:12,559 --> 00:15:16,085
+ And later on, after that night,
+
+ 242
+ 00:15:16,085 --> 00:15:18,274
+ next day, we didn't see him.
+
+ 243
+ 00:15:18,274 --> 00:15:20,479
+ And they're told
+ that they send him
+
+ 244
+ 00:15:20,479 --> 00:15:22,849
+ back to the village pub.
+
+ 245
+ 00:15:22,849 --> 00:15:24,259
+ When we came back after we
+
+ 246
+ 00:15:24,259 --> 00:15:26,420
+ finished work over
+ there about six months.
+
+ 247
+ 00:15:26,420 --> 00:15:28,325
+ I didn't see him at our
+
+ 248
+ 00:15:28,325 --> 00:15:31,309
+ so I don't know
+ where they take it.
+
+ 249
+ 00:15:31,309 --> 00:15:33,545
+ Did this happen very often
+
+ 250
+ 00:15:33,545 --> 00:15:35,509
+ where people would
+ disappear like that?
+
+ 251
+ 00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:38,300
+ Usely, it happened to the people
+
+ 252
+ 00:15:38,300 --> 00:15:42,785
+ that a blanket from the city.
+
+ 253
+ 00:15:42,785 --> 00:15:46,745
+ But for the people
+ they call all people,
+
+ 254
+ 00:15:46,745 --> 00:15:50,210
+ they tend to try and
+
+ 255
+ 00:15:50,210 --> 00:15:55,474
+ to that we educate them or
+ send them to let them place.
+
+ 256
+ 00:15:55,474 --> 00:15:57,469
+ Okay. So you're feeling is
+
+ 257
+ 00:15:57,469 --> 00:16:00,559
+ that if one was
+ identified as has,
+
+ 258
+ 00:16:00,559 --> 00:16:02,360
+ having lived in the city,
+
+ 259
+ 00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:04,339
+ that the Khmer Rouge would try
+
+ 260
+ 00:16:04,339 --> 00:16:06,229
+ to systematically break them
+
+ 261
+ 00:16:06,229 --> 00:16:11,789
+ down and ultimately
+ killed them. Yeah. Okay.
+
+ 262
+ 00:16:14,590 --> 00:16:21,240
+ We're As far as
+
+ 263
+ 00:16:22,570 --> 00:16:27,065
+ the deaths of of people
+ in that village,
+
+ 264
+ 00:16:27,065 --> 00:16:29,150
+ was it usually the case
+
+ 265
+ 00:16:29,150 --> 00:16:31,609
+ where violence was
+ involved or was it a case
+
+ 266
+ 00:16:31,609 --> 00:16:36,035
+ of just disappearances and
+ also perhaps starving people,
+
+ 267
+ 00:16:36,035 --> 00:16:38,119
+ and they would just
+ break down and die
+
+ 268
+ 00:16:38,119 --> 00:16:40,579
+ from illness or,
+ or a lack of food.
+
+ 269
+ 00:16:40,579 --> 00:16:42,484
+ Did that happen more frequently?
+
+ 270
+ 00:16:42,484 --> 00:16:44,179
+ Almost everyday.
+
+ 271
+ 00:16:44,179 --> 00:16:50,014
+ People that die by lacking a
+ full and also the illness,
+
+ 272
+ 00:16:50,014 --> 00:16:52,370
+ they common disease is
+
+ 273
+ 00:16:52,370 --> 00:16:56,330
+ diarrhea and starvation because
+
+ 274
+ 00:16:56,330 --> 00:16:58,294
+ they don't have
+ enough food to eat.
+
+ 275
+ 00:16:58,294 --> 00:17:03,980
+ And some people die by accusing.
+
+ 276
+ 00:17:03,980 --> 00:17:06,349
+ Are there background?
+
+ 277
+ 00:17:06,349 --> 00:17:08,074
+ If they found out live?
+
+ 278
+ 00:17:08,074 --> 00:17:11,464
+ My friend, he was the pilot.
+
+ 279
+ 00:17:11,464 --> 00:17:18,844
+ And the reason that they
+ know him because he brought
+
+ 280
+ 00:17:18,844 --> 00:17:26,240
+ a if made at that time when
+ he was in Phnom Penh city,
+
+ 281
+ 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:27,830
+ he had irwin made as
+
+ 282
+ 00:17:27,830 --> 00:17:31,204
+ that allele girl
+ about 1010 years old.
+
+ 283
+ 00:17:31,204 --> 00:17:34,100
+ And she's the real Cambodian
+
+ 284
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:37,130
+ cared because see have
+ a different math skin.
+
+ 285
+ 00:17:37,130 --> 00:17:41,329
+ And he brought
+ Herbert and told her
+
+ 286
+ 00:17:41,329 --> 00:17:45,184
+ because that time her
+ parent was separate,
+
+ 287
+ 00:17:45,184 --> 00:17:47,795
+ B cannot leave her alone.
+
+ 288
+ 00:17:47,795 --> 00:17:50,525
+ And she wanted to
+ come along when when
+
+ 289
+ 00:17:50,525 --> 00:17:53,914
+ he took her with
+ two layered there,
+
+ 290
+ 00:17:53,914 --> 00:17:57,079
+ they look at is not
+ like a relative or
+
+ 291
+ 00:17:57,079 --> 00:18:01,460
+ threatened or something
+ because of the appearance.
+
+ 292
+ 00:18:01,460 --> 00:18:05,360
+ And later on, that
+ girl, when she grow up,
+
+ 293
+ 00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:08,990
+ see toll everything
+ about our background
+
+ 294
+ 00:18:08,990 --> 00:18:12,890
+ that she news than they found out
+
+ 295
+ 00:18:12,890 --> 00:18:20,735
+ that he was pilot and
+ they tried to kill him.
+
+ 296
+ 00:18:20,735 --> 00:18:28,414
+ But he tried to make it
+ work as hard as he can to
+
+ 297
+ 00:18:28,414 --> 00:18:32,610
+ fulfill their
+
+ 298
+ 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:39,635
+ what is say, their commitment.
+
+ 299
+ 00:18:39,635 --> 00:18:43,190
+ But one day they make
+
+ 300
+ 00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:47,615
+ a the whole relate chain
+
+ 301
+ 00:18:47,615 --> 00:18:52,205
+ by moving people from one
+ relate to another really.
+
+ 302
+ 00:18:52,205 --> 00:18:56,195
+ And that time is the time
+ that the more people
+
+ 303
+ 00:18:56,195 --> 00:19:00,319
+ the access to Pat and unmute
+ during that NIH, no warning.
+
+ 304
+ 00:19:00,319 --> 00:19:02,435
+ So at the at night,
+
+ 305
+ 00:19:02,435 --> 00:19:04,549
+ that night they told
+ everybody need to
+
+ 306
+ 00:19:04,549 --> 00:19:07,639
+ Pat and to move to another
+ village because that,
+
+ 307
+ 00:19:07,639 --> 00:19:12,199
+ that the new will need more
+ people to finish their work.
+
+ 308
+ 00:19:12,199 --> 00:19:15,799
+ And then they send
+ them through DNA.
+
+ 309
+ 00:19:15,799 --> 00:19:18,170
+ And later on I found out that he
+
+ 310
+ 00:19:18,170 --> 00:19:20,990
+ die because I saw
+ belonging that they
+
+ 311
+ 00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:24,800
+ took from them and distributed
+ to their old people to use
+
+ 312
+ 00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:30,244
+ that little girl that
+ that lived with him?
+
+ 313
+ 00:19:30,244 --> 00:19:32,960
+ I did. Who did she live
+
+ 314
+ 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:35,795
+ with after they move
+ to the nowadays?
+
+ 315
+ 00:19:35,795 --> 00:19:39,695
+ Her they took her to live
+ with death and family.
+
+ 316
+ 00:19:39,695 --> 00:19:44,345
+ Okay. Because the have
+ some problem fighting,
+
+ 317
+ 00:19:44,345 --> 00:19:46,565
+ arguing because at the food,
+
+ 318
+ 00:19:46,565 --> 00:19:49,340
+ not enough food to eat
+ and people tried to set
+
+ 319
+ 00:19:49,340 --> 00:19:52,730
+ Y and they steal from
+ each ADA to eat.
+
+ 320
+ 00:19:52,730 --> 00:19:54,620
+ And then they saw that we
+
+ 321
+ 00:19:54,620 --> 00:19:58,115
+ have in the night that and
+ then they split family.
+
+ 322
+ 00:19:58,115 --> 00:20:02,869
+ Even myself, I split to lay
+ that defend family and he,
+
+ 323
+ 00:20:02,869 --> 00:20:05,675
+ that his widely different family.
+
+ 324
+ 00:20:05,675 --> 00:20:07,559
+ Okay.
+
+ 325
+ 00:20:14,170 --> 00:20:17,089
+ So was 1979
+
+ 326
+ 00:20:17,089 --> 00:20:20,480
+ when the Vietnamese
+ invaded Cambodia,
+
+ 327
+ 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:24,199
+ was the first time you
+ fled from the village.
+
+ 328
+ 00:20:24,199 --> 00:20:26,749
+ Were there ever other incidents
+
+ 329
+ 00:20:26,749 --> 00:20:31,865
+ that they I I thought
+ the Vietnamese.
+
+ 330
+ 00:20:31,865 --> 00:20:36,544
+ Came by because I live
+ near the highway.
+
+ 331
+ 00:20:36,544 --> 00:20:38,660
+ And I saw that and
+
+ 332
+ 00:20:38,660 --> 00:20:40,400
+ all the Khmer Rouge leader
+
+ 333
+ 00:20:40,400 --> 00:20:43,519
+ escape the night before
+ because they knew they
+
+ 334
+ 00:20:43,519 --> 00:20:46,550
+ have a radio that
+ they can listen to
+
+ 335
+ 00:20:46,550 --> 00:20:48,559
+ the news through the radio
+
+ 336
+ 00:20:48,559 --> 00:20:50,720
+ and also the, the escape before.
+
+ 337
+ 00:20:50,720 --> 00:20:52,489
+ So this only the population
+
+ 338
+ 00:20:52,489 --> 00:20:54,739
+ that live in the
+ village stay there.
+
+ 339
+ 00:20:54,739 --> 00:20:58,909
+ So the next day I saw the
+ Vietnamese troop came by and
+
+ 340
+ 00:20:58,909 --> 00:21:03,485
+ everybody thought that the
+ Cambodia was freeze again.
+
+ 341
+ 00:21:03,485 --> 00:21:06,139
+ And then everybody
+ trying to get into
+
+ 342
+ 00:21:06,139 --> 00:21:10,174
+ the fear to grab our
+ rice that we can to
+
+ 343
+ 00:21:10,174 --> 00:21:13,819
+ protect so we can live for
+
+ 344
+ 00:21:13,819 --> 00:21:18,814
+ while until we know what's
+ going on in the country.
+
+ 345
+ 00:21:18,814 --> 00:21:25,309
+ And I live with the family
+ that I stayed there.
+
+ 346
+ 00:21:25,309 --> 00:21:28,015
+ The whole during that
+
+ 347
+ 00:21:28,015 --> 00:21:32,359
+ Camaro tried to help
+ them to collect.
+
+ 348
+ 00:21:32,359 --> 00:21:33,890
+ Are the right, keep it.
+
+ 349
+ 00:21:33,890 --> 00:21:36,740
+ You get about a 100 pound
+
+ 350
+ 00:21:36,740 --> 00:21:39,184
+ or something like that. Keep it.
+
+ 351
+ 00:21:39,184 --> 00:21:41,165
+ And one week later,
+
+ 352
+ 00:21:41,165 --> 00:21:42,980
+ I made decision because
+
+ 353
+ 00:21:42,980 --> 00:21:45,260
+ that time a lot of
+ people start moving to
+
+ 354
+ 00:21:45,260 --> 00:21:49,039
+ their own town and
+
+ 355
+ 00:21:49,039 --> 00:21:53,240
+ they asked them that I'm
+ going to see my parents.
+
+ 356
+ 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:56,284
+ And one week later I left.
+
+ 357
+ 00:21:56,284 --> 00:22:00,574
+ I travel almost about
+
+ 358
+ 00:22:00,574 --> 00:22:04,850
+ two weeks and I reached
+ to my hometown.
+
+ 359
+ 00:22:04,850 --> 00:22:07,505
+ But when it yeah,
+ that the other firm.
+
+ 360
+ 00:22:07,505 --> 00:22:10,535
+ Okay. Were you able to
+ locate your parents?
+
+ 361
+ 00:22:10,535 --> 00:22:13,819
+ I know that and that
+ time my parents did
+
+ 362
+ 00:22:13,819 --> 00:22:17,180
+ not escape from the
+ Khmer Rouge yet because
+
+ 363
+ 00:22:17,180 --> 00:22:19,780
+ she was a bucket to add
+
+ 364
+ 00:22:19,780 --> 00:22:24,740
+ new or different village
+ from my home town.
+
+ 365
+ 00:22:24,740 --> 00:22:28,385
+ That was your mother? My parents,
+
+ 366
+ 00:22:28,385 --> 00:22:31,460
+ my brother and my sister.
+
+ 367
+ 00:22:31,460 --> 00:22:36,065
+ Okay. When I came to
+ the my my old hometown,
+
+ 368
+ 00:22:36,065 --> 00:22:39,335
+ I saw only my my cousin
+
+ 369
+ 00:22:39,335 --> 00:22:42,845
+ and the ADA relative
+ summed up my parents.
+
+ 370
+ 00:22:42,845 --> 00:22:44,900
+ Your parents, brother and sister.
+
+ 371
+ 00:22:44,900 --> 00:22:49,519
+ Were they all sit together
+ to the same village?
+
+ 372
+ 00:22:49,519 --> 00:22:51,590
+ I didn't know, but they say that
+
+ 373
+ 00:22:51,590 --> 00:22:55,820
+ the first year they send
+ altogether and later on,
+
+ 374
+ 00:22:55,820 --> 00:22:58,759
+ my brother's split
+ up from them because
+
+ 375
+ 00:22:58,759 --> 00:23:02,014
+ of the economic No,
+
+ 376
+ 00:23:02,014 --> 00:23:04,474
+ not enough food to eat so much,
+
+ 377
+ 00:23:04,474 --> 00:23:08,719
+ fled to the other area
+ trying to live by himself.
+
+ 378
+ 00:23:08,719 --> 00:23:15,274
+ And that time, my pen worth
+ got how are my brother?
+
+ 379
+ 00:23:15,274 --> 00:23:20,640
+ My younger brother
+ got home before them.
+
+ 380
+ 00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:24,010
+ Okay. What what village where
+
+ 381
+ 00:23:24,010 --> 00:23:26,544
+ your parents and sister
+ sent to? Where were they?
+
+ 382
+ 00:23:26,544 --> 00:23:28,449
+ House was at near bottom mouth,
+
+ 383
+ 00:23:28,449 --> 00:23:32,890
+ about 15 kilo meter
+ from Baltimore City
+
+ 384
+ 00:23:32,890 --> 00:23:35,875
+ along Highway phi k.
+
+ 385
+ 00:23:35,875 --> 00:23:39,230
+ What was the name of that
+ village they call compound.
+
+ 386
+ 00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:43,119
+ And when the
+ vietnamese took over,
+
+ 387
+ 00:23:43,119 --> 00:23:46,615
+ when they heard that
+ Vietnamese to tame the Camaro,
+
+ 388
+ 00:23:46,615 --> 00:23:53,425
+ evacuate them from that place
+ to along the highway, go.
+
+ 389
+ 00:23:53,425 --> 00:23:57,804
+ As Jill is the carlo.
+
+ 390
+ 00:23:57,804 --> 00:24:03,199
+ Today, moan or say city.
+
+ 391
+ 00:24:03,330 --> 00:24:10,150
+ Okay. And now, in my eye,
+
+ 392
+ 00:24:10,150 --> 00:24:14,109
+ and April rising in April of 79,
+
+ 393
+ 00:24:14,109 --> 00:24:17,935
+ my dad and my brother,
+
+ 394
+ 00:24:17,935 --> 00:24:23,470
+ the youngest brother,
+ and my grandfather.
+
+ 395
+ 00:24:23,470 --> 00:24:26,919
+ Let's die. At the same time.
+
+ 396
+ 00:24:26,919 --> 00:24:31,194
+ During the big thunderstorm.
+
+ 397
+ 00:24:31,194 --> 00:24:33,159
+ Because he, they bought,
+
+ 398
+ 00:24:33,159 --> 00:24:35,439
+ they all got struck by lightning.
+
+ 399
+ 00:24:35,439 --> 00:24:37,839
+ The diet here. Where was that?
+
+ 400
+ 00:24:37,839 --> 00:24:42,790
+ At? My moment to say, OK. Now,
+
+ 401
+ 00:24:42,790 --> 00:24:48,290
+ was there was there something
+
+ 402
+ 00:24:48,290 --> 00:24:53,330
+ significant about that
+ particular location
+
+ 403
+ 00:24:53,330 --> 00:24:56,675
+ or that village or prison camp?
+
+ 404
+ 00:24:56,675 --> 00:24:58,820
+ I recall someone telling me
+
+ 405
+ 00:24:58,820 --> 00:25:01,880
+ about prison camp
+ or a village near
+
+ 406
+ 00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:03,890
+ bottom bond that there were
+
+ 407
+ 00:25:03,890 --> 00:25:06,589
+ bodies kept in a well or they
+ would throw bodies in well,
+
+ 408
+ 00:25:06,589 --> 00:25:09,409
+ was that they call it a day.
+
+ 409
+ 00:25:09,409 --> 00:25:13,040
+ Okay. A diff this that
+ little foot for the okay.
+
+ 410
+ 00:25:13,040 --> 00:25:17,029
+ Okay. So your father,
+
+ 411
+ 00:25:17,029 --> 00:25:18,830
+ one brother and grandfather,
+
+ 412
+ 00:25:18,830 --> 00:25:20,645
+ were struck by lightning?
+
+ 413
+ 00:25:20,645 --> 00:25:32,189
+ Okay. And how long did you
+ remain and bottom bar?
+
+ 414
+ 00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:39,275
+ I after my grandfather,
+
+ 415
+ 00:25:39,275 --> 00:25:42,739
+ my father, my brother die.
+
+ 416
+ 00:25:42,739 --> 00:25:45,184
+ And two weeks later,
+
+ 417
+ 00:25:45,184 --> 00:25:51,004
+ my mother and my sister got out.
+
+ 418
+ 00:25:51,004 --> 00:25:54,574
+ They both get out
+ from the tomorrows.
+
+ 419
+ 00:25:54,574 --> 00:26:00,559
+ And then she returned to meet
+ me in my hometown again,
+
+ 420
+ 00:26:00,559 --> 00:26:06,454
+ I believe at b and
+ now April of 1979.
+
+ 421
+ 00:26:06,454 --> 00:26:09,920
+ And I stay with them for a while.
+
+ 422
+ 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:12,095
+ And we don't think that we can
+
+ 423
+ 00:26:12,095 --> 00:26:15,800
+ live because I have
+ no full nothing.
+
+ 424
+ 00:26:15,800 --> 00:26:19,370
+ So my mom and my sister and
+
+ 425
+ 00:26:19,370 --> 00:26:25,264
+ my brother decide to
+ escape to Thailand.
+
+ 426
+ 00:26:25,264 --> 00:26:31,200
+ During the man now, between
+ May and June and that time,
+
+ 427
+ 00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:34,640
+ when I reach Thailand,
+
+ 428
+ 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:36,709
+ cam allowed the border.
+
+ 429
+ 00:26:36,709 --> 00:26:39,590
+ The carlo Non Jan cam.
+
+ 430
+ 00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:43,280
+ I'm a stay there a by two.
+
+ 431
+ 00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:46,654
+ We at that time,
+
+ 432
+ 00:26:46,654 --> 00:26:49,910
+ the ties government brought
+
+ 433
+ 00:26:49,910 --> 00:26:53,135
+ all of the refugee
+ ban because are
+
+ 434
+ 00:26:53,135 --> 00:26:58,310
+ no international supervision
+ in that cam and too
+
+ 435
+ 00:26:58,310 --> 00:27:00,934
+ proud and ties government
+
+ 436
+ 00:27:00,934 --> 00:27:05,629
+ just lie to a saying that they
+ will move to a new place.
+
+ 437
+ 00:27:05,629 --> 00:27:10,639
+ But actually they put us
+ on a bus in the morning.
+
+ 438
+ 00:27:10,639 --> 00:27:13,910
+ And they draw was, are they RNA?
+
+ 439
+ 00:27:13,910 --> 00:27:20,179
+ Three, the destination is
+ the not psi of Cambodia.
+
+ 440
+ 00:27:20,179 --> 00:27:22,024
+ Along the border.
+
+ 441
+ 00:27:22,024 --> 00:27:24,725
+ And in the morning the sun dry,
+
+ 442
+ 00:27:24,725 --> 00:27:26,990
+ they start to push
+ or to walk across
+
+ 443
+ 00:27:26,990 --> 00:27:30,229
+ the border into Cambodia, psi.
+
+ 444
+ 00:27:30,229 --> 00:27:33,829
+ And that time, a lot of people
+
+ 445
+ 00:27:33,829 --> 00:27:37,610
+ die because of the
+ mine along the border.
+
+ 446
+ 00:27:37,610 --> 00:27:40,924
+ No. Where was the train?
+
+ 447
+ 00:27:40,924 --> 00:27:45,050
+ Was this mountain slopes
+ and PD-L1 they call numb.
+
+ 448
+ 00:27:45,050 --> 00:27:54,094
+ But Evie here that the the
+ the heavily cliff Hang on.
+
+ 449
+ 00:27:54,094 --> 00:27:55,970
+ Cambodian psi. But from
+
+ 450
+ 00:27:55,970 --> 00:27:59,315
+ the Thailand is
+ like a plane fear.
+
+ 451
+ 00:27:59,315 --> 00:28:04,215
+ Mmm. So people were literally
+ pushed to their deaths.
+
+ 452
+ 00:28:04,215 --> 00:28:10,869
+ Most people that were across
+ early in the morning,
+
+ 453
+ 00:28:10,869 --> 00:28:14,650
+ most of them die
+ because of the mind.
+
+ 454
+ 00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:17,904
+ And the mind just blow
+ when all day long.
+
+ 455
+ 00:28:17,904 --> 00:28:20,290
+ Because people didn't know.
+
+ 456
+ 00:28:20,290 --> 00:28:21,924
+ They just abandoned.
+
+ 457
+ 00:28:21,924 --> 00:28:24,024
+ And my family.
+
+ 458
+ 00:28:24,024 --> 00:28:29,214
+ But my relative, about 30
+ people decide to stay,
+
+ 459
+ 00:28:29,214 --> 00:28:34,479
+ do not want to run back
+ to Cambodia until that
+
+ 460
+ 00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:37,044
+ the Thai soldier just till
+
+ 461
+ 00:28:37,044 --> 00:28:40,209
+ the garden trying to show that.
+
+ 462
+ 00:28:40,209 --> 00:28:43,360
+ And then we decide to
+ leave the last Chan.
+
+ 463
+ 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:46,544
+ And I stay alone that water
+
+ 464
+ 00:28:46,544 --> 00:28:51,395
+ because the hurdle too many
+ mind-blowing that time.
+
+ 465
+ 00:28:51,395 --> 00:28:53,719
+ So we decide to stay thereby, we,
+
+ 466
+ 00:28:53,719 --> 00:28:57,229
+ without food and
+ water, that we drink,
+
+ 467
+ 00:28:57,229 --> 00:29:01,699
+ the water that just flow
+ along with the body,
+
+ 468
+ 00:29:01,699 --> 00:29:04,504
+ the sunlight than for one week.
+
+ 469
+ 00:29:04,504 --> 00:29:08,194
+ And later on, we
+ saw the Vietnamese
+
+ 470
+ 00:29:08,194 --> 00:29:11,779
+ true came by and help to get out.
+
+ 471
+ 00:29:11,779 --> 00:29:14,389
+ So we bwa followed their pad,
+
+ 472
+ 00:29:14,389 --> 00:29:17,015
+ go back to Cambodia.
+
+ 473
+ 00:29:17,015 --> 00:29:18,874
+ And where we're in Cambodia.
+
+ 474
+ 00:29:18,874 --> 00:29:22,380
+ Did you go to I
+
+ 475
+ 00:29:22,380 --> 00:29:27,840
+ about to mine back to
+ my home village again.
+
+ 476
+ 00:29:28,680 --> 00:29:32,514
+ And how long did you
+ stay in bottom mom?
+
+ 477
+ 00:29:32,514 --> 00:29:42,235
+ I lived there until 198219 a2.
+
+ 478
+ 00:29:42,235 --> 00:29:48,699
+ And then I escape again.
+ During that period.
+
+ 479
+ 00:29:48,699 --> 00:29:50,829
+ What were you doing in
+
+ 480
+ 00:29:50,829 --> 00:29:55,400
+ Battambang, roughly
+ between 791982?
+
+ 481
+ 00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:05,004
+ I start with the communication
+
+ 482
+ 00:30:05,004 --> 00:30:07,510
+ and transport department in
+
+ 483
+ 00:30:07,510 --> 00:30:15,439
+ Guatemala City as
+ the regular employee
+
+ 484
+ 00:30:15,439 --> 00:30:20,939
+ because I do not want anybody
+ knows about my background.
+
+ 485
+ 00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:31,219
+ And after a year later than 1980,
+
+ 486
+ 00:30:31,219 --> 00:30:33,935
+ I was Yeah.
+
+ 487
+ 00:30:33,935 --> 00:30:36,979
+ That's close to 81.
+
+ 488
+ 00:30:36,979 --> 00:30:39,950
+ And I moved to we're in
+
+ 489
+ 00:30:39,950 --> 00:30:42,859
+ the office because they
+ know that I can do
+
+ 490
+ 00:30:42,859 --> 00:30:44,585
+ some paperwork in the office
+
+ 491
+ 00:30:44,585 --> 00:30:46,309
+ and my friend was there and they
+
+ 492
+ 00:30:46,309 --> 00:30:50,809
+ know me before senate
+ work in the office.
+
+ 493
+ 00:30:50,809 --> 00:30:54,814
+ As the bookkeeping to make
+
+ 494
+ 00:30:54,814 --> 00:31:00,019
+ no finer were less
+ for the employee.
+
+ 495
+ 00:31:00,019 --> 00:31:04,165
+ Key salaries, something like
+ that and keep that alkyne,
+
+ 496
+ 00:31:04,165 --> 00:31:07,054
+ our ration that
+ permits no money yet.
+
+ 497
+ 00:31:07,054 --> 00:31:10,354
+ They make a list and H MAN,
+
+ 498
+ 00:31:10,354 --> 00:31:13,085
+ they provide some food ration.
+
+ 499
+ 00:31:13,085 --> 00:31:16,200
+ So each employee can get rough.
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+ 1
+ 00:00:03,320 --> 00:00:10,590
+ Yeah. Yeah. Maybe a
+ backup a little I guess.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:10,590 --> 00:00:13,050
+ Maybe at the point of mentioning
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:16,360
+ you started working in an office.
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:16,550 --> 00:00:21,630
+ Oh, OK. Yeah.
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:24,030
+ Now, you had mentioned that
+ you had been working in
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:24,030 --> 00:00:25,830
+ an office doing some work
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:25,830 --> 00:00:28,080
+ with bookkeeping,
+ things of that nature.
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:28,080 --> 00:00:32,950
+ What other kinds of work
+ did you do? In the office?
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:33,500 --> 00:00:41,860
+ At? My job is the typing,
+ the employee idlis,
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:41,860 --> 00:00:47,660
+ and then Phyllis,
+ all that were and
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:55,145
+ then have all the administrator
+ sign on that list.
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:55,145 --> 00:01:01,400
+ And then we take the let's
+ go to the bank to get money.
+
+ 13
+ 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:04,130
+ Because we start to have money.
+
+ 14
+ 00:01:04,130 --> 00:01:11,585
+ I think around 1980 is the
+ new government in Cambodia.
+
+ 15
+ 00:01:11,585 --> 00:01:16,445
+ They start to have money for
+ people to spend that time
+
+ 16
+ 00:01:16,445 --> 00:01:22,790
+ and then be my job to
+ help to make the list.
+
+ 17
+ 00:01:22,790 --> 00:01:24,650
+ Okay. Did you have
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:24,650 --> 00:01:26,915
+ any other jobs while
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:26,915 --> 00:01:29,600
+ during this period
+ before you left again?
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:41,000
+ No. Highlights and end till
+ 1982 in June. June 1982.
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:47,630
+ Okay. What what was it
+ like in bottom bog with,
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:50,929
+ with a new occupation,
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:50,929 --> 00:01:52,445
+ new people in power,
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:52,445 --> 00:01:55,700
+ whether still incidents
+ of of abuses of
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:55,700 --> 00:01:59,165
+ power or were things fairly
+ stable, fairly calm.
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:59,165 --> 00:02:01,230
+ What was it like there?
+
+ 27
+ 00:02:02,440 --> 00:02:05,360
+ The new ghetto men?
+
+ 28
+ 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:07,730
+ It deal.
+
+ 29
+ 00:02:07,730 --> 00:02:12,800
+ Keep looking. The people
+ that have connected
+
+ 30
+ 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:23,180
+ with some get shiny background.
+
+ 31
+ 00:02:23,180 --> 00:02:26,390
+ And also the one to know
+
+ 32
+ 00:02:26,390 --> 00:02:29,810
+ about the background
+ of the employee
+
+ 33
+ 00:02:29,810 --> 00:02:37,310
+ before you can get in to work
+ in the office or whatever.
+
+ 34
+ 00:02:37,310 --> 00:02:40,714
+ They are. They asked
+ about the background,
+
+ 35
+ 00:02:40,714 --> 00:02:44,090
+ writing like a resume,
+
+ 36
+ 00:02:44,090 --> 00:02:47,665
+ but I dare not trust them.
+
+ 37
+ 00:02:47,665 --> 00:02:49,609
+ Still Hi my identity.
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:49,609 --> 00:02:54,120
+ I didn't tell anybody except
+ my friend at no, before.
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:54,670 --> 00:03:00,005
+ Were were people
+ are being picked up
+
+ 40
+ 00:03:00,005 --> 00:03:02,300
+ where detention camps being still
+
+ 41
+ 00:03:02,300 --> 00:03:05,135
+ in existence in
+ Cambodia that time?
+
+ 42
+ 00:03:05,135 --> 00:03:10,534
+ Yeah. They asked
+ all the employees
+
+ 43
+ 00:03:10,534 --> 00:03:16,834
+ go to training lake every two
+ the same they'd tomorrow's.
+
+ 44
+ 00:03:16,834 --> 00:03:23,450
+ But they gave us some freedom
+ to do something by their
+
+ 45
+ 00:03:23,450 --> 00:03:26,765
+ own because they didn't hold
+
+ 46
+ 00:03:26,765 --> 00:03:32,000
+ a common kitchen
+ or As a two-word,
+
+ 47
+ 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,015
+ as that grew up in
+ a village anymore.
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:35,015 --> 00:03:37,595
+ So we can do whatever V1.
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:37,595 --> 00:03:39,980
+ But if the people that don't
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:39,980 --> 00:03:42,770
+ have enough resources to those,
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:42,770 --> 00:03:47,345
+ the crop or something
+ like that that relates,
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:47,345 --> 00:03:50,180
+ that relates leader provides
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:50,180 --> 00:03:53,270
+ subnet and the ASA
+ to work as a team,
+
+ 54
+ 00:03:53,270 --> 00:03:57,019
+ but similar to the
+ tomatoes before.
+
+ 55
+ 00:03:57,019 --> 00:03:59,330
+ Now, you stated that you you
+
+ 56
+ 00:03:59,330 --> 00:04:01,760
+ laughed Cambodia in June of 1982.
+
+ 57
+ 00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:05,660
+ Yeah. Why did you
+ leave at that time?
+
+ 58
+ 00:04:05,660 --> 00:04:08,510
+ Was did something happen
+ to you want to if we
+
+ 59
+ 00:04:08,510 --> 00:04:13,565
+ or I have some pressure from work
+
+ 60
+ 00:04:13,565 --> 00:04:18,320
+ because I feel that people trying
+
+ 61
+ 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:25,070
+ to dating to find
+ out the background,
+
+ 62
+ 00:04:25,070 --> 00:04:28,805
+ my background because 11 time
+
+ 63
+ 00:04:28,805 --> 00:04:34,050
+ I was selected to go to study.
+
+ 64
+ 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:38,645
+ And the people in that
+ department select myself.
+
+ 65
+ 00:04:38,645 --> 00:04:41,120
+ But the other trend that we're
+
+ 66
+ 00:04:41,120 --> 00:04:46,080
+ going to go to learn how to,
+
+ 67
+ 00:04:47,770 --> 00:04:53,540
+ because they create a new
+ department called taxation.
+
+ 68
+ 00:04:53,540 --> 00:04:56,885
+ And know that I can go
+ they see like me to go.
+
+ 69
+ 00:04:56,885 --> 00:04:59,300
+ But before I can go,
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:03,395
+ I need to have background checks.
+
+ 71
+ 00:05:03,395 --> 00:05:07,835
+ My name was sent to the office.
+
+ 72
+ 00:05:07,835 --> 00:05:13,370
+ They call as the Cambodian
+ what they call carrier lie.
+
+ 73
+ 00:05:13,370 --> 00:05:17,240
+ Just doesn't that mean
+ the appointment office.
+
+ 74
+ 00:05:17,240 --> 00:05:19,190
+ Before they can appoint you to
+
+ 75
+ 00:05:19,190 --> 00:05:21,560
+ go you need to go
+ through that office,
+
+ 76
+ 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:23,000
+ the check our background.
+
+ 77
+ 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:27,560
+ They come to look at
+ physical and they look at
+
+ 78
+ 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:30,515
+ your face trying to ask
+
+ 79
+ 00:05:30,515 --> 00:05:33,845
+ or their friend about
+ the background.
+
+ 80
+ 00:05:33,845 --> 00:05:37,729
+ And I went through that process.
+
+ 81
+ 00:05:37,729 --> 00:05:42,290
+ I fail because they look at they
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:44,930
+ say I have some kind of
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:44,930 --> 00:05:48,560
+ a Chinese ethnic and
+ they don't trust it.
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:53,225
+ Okay. And the other friend
+ a path they can go.
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:53,225 --> 00:05:57,950
+ Okay. Now, what did that mean
+ than if they failed you,
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:57,950 --> 00:06:01,175
+ that that meant that you
+ didn't get that opportunity.
+
+ 87
+ 00:06:01,175 --> 00:06:04,445
+ But did that mean they might
+ come after you then later?
+
+ 88
+ 00:06:04,445 --> 00:06:06,380
+ I didn't know at that time,
+
+ 89
+ 00:06:06,380 --> 00:06:09,575
+ but I feel that it's
+ not safe to stay.
+
+ 90
+ 00:06:09,575 --> 00:06:14,330
+ And also my relative have
+
+ 91
+ 00:06:14,330 --> 00:06:17,075
+ some problem in my hometown
+
+ 92
+ 00:06:17,075 --> 00:06:20,525
+ because they knew that
+ IVR escaped before,
+
+ 93
+ 00:06:20,525 --> 00:06:24,890
+ during 1979 or my
+ family that escape it.
+
+ 94
+ 00:06:24,890 --> 00:06:27,440
+ And we don't want to,
+
+ 95
+ 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,605
+ we're in the farm to feel again.
+
+ 96
+ 00:06:30,605 --> 00:06:33,740
+ So am I trying to escape?
+
+ 97
+ 00:06:33,740 --> 00:06:40,070
+ So the last time a escape
+ it my way because I got
+
+ 98
+ 00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:43,355
+ married and in November 1981
+
+ 99
+ 00:06:43,355 --> 00:06:47,060
+ and I escaped with my
+ wife and my wife URL.
+
+ 100
+ 00:06:47,060 --> 00:06:54,785
+ Pattern and her sibling and
+ also my mother and my sister,
+
+ 101
+ 00:06:54,785 --> 00:06:57,260
+ except my brother, that
+
+ 102
+ 00:06:57,260 --> 00:06:59,555
+ he got married and
+ her two children.
+
+ 103
+ 00:06:59,555 --> 00:07:02,060
+ He cannot escape at that time.
+
+ 104
+ 00:07:02,060 --> 00:07:04,985
+ So he decided to stay.
+
+ 105
+ 00:07:04,985 --> 00:07:10,740
+ Ok. And how long did it take
+ you to get to the border?
+
+ 106
+ 00:07:11,530 --> 00:07:15,995
+ From bottom bond to border?
+
+ 107
+ 00:07:15,995 --> 00:07:18,965
+ Only one day.
+
+ 108
+ 00:07:18,965 --> 00:07:21,905
+ Did you have any problems
+ crossing the border?
+
+ 109
+ 00:07:21,905 --> 00:07:24,425
+ How would happen?
+
+ 110
+ 00:07:24,425 --> 00:07:26,840
+ I gotta arrest one time.
+
+ 111
+ 00:07:26,840 --> 00:07:28,430
+ They put me in jail.
+
+ 112
+ 00:07:28,430 --> 00:07:30,690
+ They call seize upon.
+
+ 113
+ 00:07:32,660 --> 00:07:35,230
+ They arrested you
+ and put you in jail.
+
+ 114
+ 00:07:35,230 --> 00:07:37,270
+ What happened? How
+ long were you in jail?
+
+ 115
+ 00:07:37,270 --> 00:07:40,090
+ Only one day, window in
+ the morning and then
+
+ 116
+ 00:07:40,090 --> 00:07:43,540
+ laid a learning my pattern,
+
+ 117
+ 00:07:43,540 --> 00:07:46,510
+ just negotiate the
+ people over there,
+
+ 118
+ 00:07:46,510 --> 00:07:50,200
+ tried to bribe them to get
+ me and my life outlet that.
+
+ 119
+ 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:52,345
+ Okay. And then we come back to
+
+ 120
+ 00:07:52,345 --> 00:07:54,850
+ bite them both to live for
+ about a couple of months.
+
+ 121
+ 00:07:54,850 --> 00:07:57,740
+ And I made lately again.
+
+ 122
+ 00:07:58,200 --> 00:08:00,640
+ While you were in jail,
+
+ 123
+ 00:08:00,640 --> 00:08:03,160
+ did anything did
+ they interrogate you
+
+ 124
+ 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:06,610
+ or abuse you in any way?
+
+ 125
+ 00:08:06,610 --> 00:08:10,450
+ Because it's only one day
+ that didn't do anything yet.
+
+ 126
+ 00:08:10,450 --> 00:08:14,060
+ They just put me at the
+ dyadic people matter.
+
+ 127
+ 00:08:14,950 --> 00:08:18,590
+ Okay. You return to bottom bond.
+
+ 128
+ 00:08:18,590 --> 00:08:22,130
+ You were there for two more
+ months and then you yes.
+
+ 129
+ 00:08:22,130 --> 00:08:23,465
+ About to learn.
+
+ 130
+ 00:08:23,465 --> 00:08:26,420
+ Okay. And then I escape
+ again because I'm
+
+ 131
+ 00:08:26,420 --> 00:08:29,510
+ afraid I have some
+ problem with that.
+
+ 132
+ 00:08:29,510 --> 00:08:34,340
+ And then next time that IS
+ that last time I escape?
+
+ 133
+ 00:08:34,340 --> 00:08:36,515
+ A yes.
+
+ 134
+ 00:08:36,515 --> 00:08:39,410
+ Highest somebody
+ trying to help me
+
+ 135
+ 00:08:39,410 --> 00:08:43,980
+ to go through the Alone the way.
+
+ 136
+ 00:08:44,020 --> 00:08:46,490
+ Did you go by yourself
+ or did you go
+
+ 137
+ 00:08:46,490 --> 00:08:48,260
+ with the same group of people?
+
+ 138
+ 00:08:48,260 --> 00:08:52,580
+ The same people but a
+ little bit different time.
+
+ 139
+ 00:08:52,580 --> 00:08:58,685
+ Okay. While you were in
+ Battambang that last time,
+
+ 140
+ 00:08:58,685 --> 00:09:00,755
+ did anything unusual happened?
+
+ 141
+ 00:09:00,755 --> 00:09:02,870
+ We're authorities looking for you
+
+ 142
+ 00:09:02,870 --> 00:09:08,120
+ or they keep an eye
+ on me all the time.
+
+ 143
+ 00:09:08,120 --> 00:09:10,340
+ Because I live in
+
+ 144
+ 00:09:10,340 --> 00:09:13,130
+ the bookkeeping and loaded with
+
+ 145
+ 00:09:13,130 --> 00:09:16,265
+ the money that people are
+ just keep watching me.
+
+ 146
+ 00:09:16,265 --> 00:09:21,185
+ But every day I feel
+ like a lot of pressure
+
+ 147
+ 00:09:21,185 --> 00:09:24,320
+ that you felt that they might
+
+ 148
+ 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:26,075
+ eventually arrest you and
+
+ 149
+ 00:09:26,075 --> 00:09:28,385
+ perhaps send you
+ away or kill you?
+
+ 150
+ 00:09:28,385 --> 00:09:34,670
+ Probably. Okay. Okay.
+ So you had hired
+
+ 151
+ 00:09:34,670 --> 00:09:37,040
+ someone to help you
+ and your family
+
+ 152
+ 00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:39,050
+ escape and then this
+
+ 153
+ 00:09:39,050 --> 00:09:41,375
+ time you were successful
+ in crossing the border?
+
+ 154
+ 00:09:41,375 --> 00:09:43,880
+ Yeah. Ok. And then
+
+ 155
+ 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:46,115
+ where did you go after
+ you cross the border?
+
+ 156
+ 00:09:46,115 --> 00:09:51,740
+ I stay in that
+
+ 157
+ 00:09:51,740 --> 00:09:57,575
+ they call ME that's as
+ close to the border.
+
+ 158
+ 00:09:57,575 --> 00:10:00,380
+ Stayed there about three months.
+
+ 159
+ 00:10:00,380 --> 00:10:04,940
+ And I don't have
+ money to go again
+
+ 160
+ 00:10:04,940 --> 00:10:10,160
+ to carried out camp because
+ they need to walk about.
+
+ 161
+ 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:15,245
+ Alma, RNA tried to get away
+ from the Thai soldier from
+
+ 162
+ 00:10:15,245 --> 00:10:20,045
+ the robbery, dropped that.
+
+ 163
+ 00:10:20,045 --> 00:10:22,220
+ You don't know how to get there.
+
+ 164
+ 00:10:22,220 --> 00:10:26,270
+ You will be wrapped by or assault
+
+ 165
+ 00:10:26,270 --> 00:10:30,515
+ by the Thai people or by
+ the soul allowed the bada.
+
+ 166
+ 00:10:30,515 --> 00:10:36,020
+ Okay. So then did
+
+ 167
+ 00:10:36,020 --> 00:10:38,090
+ you eventually end up
+ in carrier and and
+
+ 168
+ 00:10:38,090 --> 00:10:41,550
+ I I reached carried down.
+
+ 169
+ 00:10:42,580 --> 00:10:48,170
+ That's l2. Care.
+ With your family?
+
+ 170
+ 00:10:48,170 --> 00:10:50,600
+ Yeah. Okay. All of you together?
+
+ 171
+ 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:56,525
+ Okay. How long were
+ you and carried on?
+
+ 172
+ 00:10:56,525 --> 00:11:07,310
+ I stay and carried out
+ until December 1983.
+
+ 173
+ 00:11:07,830 --> 00:11:17,620
+ Okay. Okay. What did
+ you do and carry down?
+
+ 174
+ 00:11:17,620 --> 00:11:20,740
+ I start working because I feel
+
+ 175
+ 00:11:20,740 --> 00:11:23,230
+ like I'm so depressed there.
+
+ 176
+ 00:11:23,230 --> 00:11:25,450
+ Whenever they're there for a few,
+
+ 177
+ 00:11:25,450 --> 00:11:27,490
+ we have nothing to do.
+
+ 178
+ 00:11:27,490 --> 00:11:28,960
+ Really like it live in
+
+ 179
+ 00:11:28,960 --> 00:11:32,020
+ the jail because to
+ have a fun around,
+
+ 180
+ 00:11:32,020 --> 00:11:34,220
+ you cannot walk anywhere.
+
+ 181
+ 00:11:34,350 --> 00:11:36,730
+ And I start working with
+
+ 182
+ 00:11:36,730 --> 00:11:43,910
+ the IRC, International
+ Rescue Committee.
+
+ 183
+ 00:11:44,950 --> 00:11:48,540
+ And what kind of work
+ were you doing with them?
+
+ 184
+ 00:11:48,730 --> 00:11:53,930
+ Doing the lab technician as
+
+ 185
+ 00:11:53,930 --> 00:11:57,275
+ the blood bank and keep the blood
+
+ 186
+ 00:11:57,275 --> 00:12:01,550
+ ordered blood for
+ the hospital there.
+
+ 187
+ 00:12:01,550 --> 00:12:05,540
+ And I have some background
+ about that then
+
+ 188
+ 00:12:05,540 --> 00:12:10,940
+ that time I cannot speak
+ English very well.
+
+ 189
+ 00:12:10,940 --> 00:12:14,855
+ So I just mixed with friends
+ and English all the time.
+
+ 190
+ 00:12:14,855 --> 00:12:17,525
+ And my friend over
+ there teach me to
+
+ 191
+ 00:12:17,525 --> 00:12:21,330
+ Howard and keep
+ learning from them.
+
+ 192
+ 00:12:23,890 --> 00:12:27,710
+ Did you go to any other
+ camps after carried down,
+
+ 193
+ 00:12:27,710 --> 00:12:28,940
+ where did you come directly
+
+ 194
+ 00:12:28,940 --> 00:12:30,710
+ to the United States after that?
+
+ 195
+ 00:12:30,710 --> 00:12:33,830
+ Now, I work with
+
+ 196
+ 00:12:33,830 --> 00:12:37,370
+ the International Red
+ Cross for a few months.
+
+ 197
+ 00:12:37,370 --> 00:12:39,800
+ And then at that time I file
+
+ 198
+ 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:43,220
+ a petition to come
+ to United State.
+
+ 199
+ 00:12:43,220 --> 00:12:47,780
+ And later on I was
+ a subnet to come.
+
+ 200
+ 00:12:47,780 --> 00:12:52,160
+ And I went to work with the JV,
+
+ 201
+ 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:56,675
+ a detailed jar
+ involuntary agency for
+
+ 202
+ 00:12:56,675 --> 00:13:02,390
+ interpreting how people
+ and 6AM until December 83.
+
+ 203
+ 00:13:02,390 --> 00:13:06,655
+ They move my my summer,
+
+ 204
+ 00:13:06,655 --> 00:13:13,040
+ my wife, to a processing
+ cam and Sean Murray.
+
+ 205
+ 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:18,140
+ And that time, the GABA-A
+
+ 206
+ 00:13:18,140 --> 00:13:23,765
+ won me to go back to work with
+ them again and carry down.
+
+ 207
+ 00:13:23,765 --> 00:13:27,725
+ And they asked me to and I say,
+
+ 208
+ 00:13:27,725 --> 00:13:29,600
+ yes, decide to go back to work.
+
+ 209
+ 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:33,035
+ But my wife and John
+ Murray came for awhile.
+
+ 210
+ 00:13:33,035 --> 00:13:36,545
+ And after I've gone back to
+ work for a few about man.
+
+ 211
+ 00:13:36,545 --> 00:13:39,260
+ And they say that they
+
+ 212
+ 00:13:39,260 --> 00:13:41,750
+ want my wife to go
+ to Philippine to
+
+ 213
+ 00:13:41,750 --> 00:13:43,820
+ learn English first and
+
+ 214
+ 00:13:43,820 --> 00:13:47,270
+ leave me to work with
+ them for six months.
+
+ 215
+ 00:13:47,270 --> 00:13:50,645
+ And I have an
+ algorithm with them.
+
+ 216
+ 00:13:50,645 --> 00:13:52,220
+ I don't want to
+
+ 217
+ 00:13:52,220 --> 00:13:55,400
+ separate that and my wife
+ doesn't want to do that.
+
+ 218
+ 00:13:55,400 --> 00:13:59,060
+ And then I break the
+ contract. I didn't work.
+
+ 219
+ 00:13:59,060 --> 00:14:04,580
+ So they sent me and my wife
+ to know cam in Indonesia,
+
+ 220
+ 00:14:04,580 --> 00:14:06,870
+ the color Golan cam.
+
+ 221
+ 00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:15,125
+ In I think the end of the
+ summer of 1983 along river.
+
+ 222
+ 00:14:15,125 --> 00:14:21,440
+ I stay there six months
+ until June 1984.
+
+ 223
+ 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:26,120
+ During statesman, I work
+ with the United Nation.
+
+ 224
+ 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,585
+ Kierkegaard, UNHCR.
+
+ 225
+ 00:14:29,585 --> 00:14:33,305
+ What kind of work were
+ you doing for the UNHCR?
+
+ 226
+ 00:14:33,305 --> 00:14:36,245
+ They asked me to help
+
+ 227
+ 00:14:36,245 --> 00:14:40,460
+ prepare check that
+ less of the employee
+
+ 228
+ 00:14:40,460 --> 00:14:43,940
+ working there and then they paid
+
+ 229
+ 00:14:43,940 --> 00:14:45,590
+ as a salary every week
+
+ 230
+ 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:48,450
+ to the employee that
+ within the camp.
+
+ 231
+ 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:53,030
+ And then Okay.
+
+ 232
+ 00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:55,970
+ So then in 1984 you came
+ to the United States.
+
+ 233
+ 00:14:55,970 --> 00:15:00,005
+ Yeah, I love Golan
+ cam to United State,
+
+ 234
+ 00:15:00,005 --> 00:15:03,259
+ but stay a one week in Singapore.
+
+ 235
+ 00:15:03,259 --> 00:15:06,380
+ Ten that the color processing,
+
+ 236
+ 00:15:06,380 --> 00:15:09,800
+ waiting for the flight to come.
+
+ 237
+ 00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:12,890
+ Okay. And while you were in
+
+ 238
+ 00:15:12,890 --> 00:15:15,260
+ Indonesia and in
+ Singapore, you were also,
+
+ 239
+ 00:15:15,260 --> 00:15:17,480
+ they were telling
+ you or teaching you
+
+ 240
+ 00:15:17,480 --> 00:15:22,805
+ about the United States and
+ how things operate here,
+
+ 241
+ 00:15:22,805 --> 00:15:25,010
+ is that when you have a class
+
+ 242
+ 00:15:25,010 --> 00:15:27,710
+ teaching three months for people,
+
+ 243
+ 00:15:27,710 --> 00:15:31,055
+ but I don't have a chance to
+ learn all of that because
+
+ 244
+ 00:15:31,055 --> 00:15:34,280
+ they say that I can speak
+ English, I can understand.
+
+ 245
+ 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:38,240
+ So they asked me to
+ work to help them.
+
+ 246
+ 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:41,945
+ But eventually I got a
+ job with the UN ACR.
+
+ 247
+ 00:15:41,945 --> 00:15:47,195
+ So they kind of go to the
+ class on a one hour a day.
+
+ 248
+ 00:15:47,195 --> 00:15:50,190
+ And beside that, I
+ just go to work.
+
+ 249
+ 00:15:50,590 --> 00:15:53,180
+ Okay. Did you fly directly to
+
+ 250
+ 00:15:53,180 --> 00:15:55,190
+ Minnesota when you
+ left Singapore?
+
+ 251
+ 00:15:55,190 --> 00:16:01,190
+ Yes. Okay. And did you
+ come to the twin cities
+
+ 252
+ 00:16:01,190 --> 00:16:04,130
+ or Rochester or where did that I
+
+ 253
+ 00:16:04,130 --> 00:16:08,375
+ can then seti because my
+ mother-in-law came here first.
+
+ 254
+ 00:16:08,375 --> 00:16:15,530
+ Okay. And so did you move
+ in with your mother-in-law?
+
+ 255
+ 00:16:15,530 --> 00:16:20,780
+ Yeah. Okay. So what once
+ you relocated here,
+
+ 256
+ 00:16:20,780 --> 00:16:23,120
+ what what did what
+ were you doing?
+
+ 257
+ 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:24,590
+ Were you taking classes or did
+
+ 258
+ 00:16:24,590 --> 00:16:27,750
+ they have you start working?
+
+ 259
+ 00:16:28,180 --> 00:16:30,800
+ The lowdown?
+
+ 260
+ 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,245
+ So say this is my sponsor.
+
+ 261
+ 00:16:33,245 --> 00:16:37,085
+ And when I came,
+
+ 262
+ 00:16:37,085 --> 00:16:42,560
+ he has asked me to what job,
+
+ 263
+ 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:46,310
+ part time job that I want
+ to do, something like that.
+
+ 264
+ 00:16:46,310 --> 00:16:52,760
+ And they as I want
+ to go to school,
+
+ 265
+ 00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:56,855
+ but I have no money, nothing.
+
+ 266
+ 00:16:56,855 --> 00:16:59,840
+ My sponsor, one meter,
+
+ 267
+ 00:16:59,840 --> 00:17:02,240
+ you will find a job.
+
+ 268
+ 00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:07,650
+ Because they said I
+ can able to work.
+
+ 269
+ 00:17:07,810 --> 00:17:11,690
+ And about three weeks
+ after I sell in
+
+ 270
+ 00:17:11,690 --> 00:17:14,900
+ Minnesota and I got a job
+
+ 271
+ 00:17:14,900 --> 00:17:16,580
+ because Sponsor work with
+
+ 272
+ 00:17:16,580 --> 00:17:18,380
+ the latrines social
+ service and got
+
+ 273
+ 00:17:18,380 --> 00:17:23,255
+ a part-time job there
+ for about two months.
+
+ 274
+ 00:17:23,255 --> 00:17:27,365
+ As the clerk, there's
+ help filing paper
+
+ 275
+ 00:17:27,365 --> 00:17:33,035
+ or keep track document for
+ the refugee that came.
+
+ 276
+ 00:17:33,035 --> 00:17:36,065
+ And after that.
+
+ 277
+ 00:17:36,065 --> 00:17:40,130
+ The job was run now has nothing
+ to do and they get laid
+
+ 278
+ 00:17:40,130 --> 00:17:45,230
+ off or stay home about one way.
+
+ 279
+ 00:17:45,230 --> 00:17:48,350
+ And then the community,
+
+ 280
+ 00:17:48,350 --> 00:17:52,010
+ Cambodian community in Twin City,
+
+ 281
+ 00:17:52,010 --> 00:17:55,925
+ they need some body
+ that able to were.
+
+ 282
+ 00:17:55,925 --> 00:18:00,655
+ And the,
+
+ 283
+ 00:18:00,655 --> 00:18:02,770
+ I know one of my teachers as
+
+ 284
+ 00:18:02,770 --> 00:18:05,680
+ the board member,
+ the urbanization.
+
+ 285
+ 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:10,180
+ And the he asked me
+ to go to work there.
+
+ 286
+ 00:18:10,180 --> 00:18:12,070
+ And they offer me
+
+ 287
+ 00:18:12,070 --> 00:18:18,110
+ a job full-time job at
+ the director of a MA.
+
+ 288
+ 00:18:18,750 --> 00:18:24,715
+ So I started that job
+ from September 84
+
+ 289
+ 00:18:24,715 --> 00:18:31,225
+ until October edify occur
+ because of a lot of pressure.
+
+ 290
+ 00:18:31,225 --> 00:18:33,880
+ And the job is so
+ hard for me to do
+
+ 291
+ 00:18:33,880 --> 00:18:37,390
+ it because I'm new
+ in this country.
+
+ 292
+ 00:18:37,390 --> 00:18:39,550
+ I didn't know how to read fun.
+
+ 293
+ 00:18:39,550 --> 00:18:41,870
+ I didn't know how to looking
+
+ 294
+ 00:18:41,870 --> 00:18:45,155
+ for fun to support the program.
+
+ 295
+ 00:18:45,155 --> 00:18:48,365
+ Finally, I decide to quit.
+
+ 296
+ 00:18:48,365 --> 00:18:53,330
+ Before I quit, I'm lucky
+ that I got another job.
+
+ 297
+ 00:18:53,330 --> 00:18:54,770
+ So the Ramsey County
+
+ 298
+ 00:18:54,770 --> 00:18:56,780
+ because I'm working
+ with them before.
+
+ 299
+ 00:18:56,780 --> 00:18:59,960
+ So they they know
+ only that asked me
+
+ 300
+ 00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,090
+ too because I said I
+
+ 301
+ 00:19:02,090 --> 00:19:04,565
+ don't want to end up
+ placing it anymore.
+
+ 302
+ 00:19:04,565 --> 00:19:07,865
+ And then they say
+ you can apply job in
+
+ 303
+ 00:19:07,865 --> 00:19:09,680
+ Ramsey County and then I apply
+
+ 304
+ 00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:11,840
+ I got that job and
+ but I'm here now.
+
+ 305
+ 00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:14,060
+ Ok. And you're with
+ Ramsey County now?
+
+ 306
+ 00:19:14,060 --> 00:19:16,805
+ Yes. What is the what
+ kind of a job isn't
+
+ 307
+ 00:19:16,805 --> 00:19:19,820
+ the first job that I got as
+
+ 308
+ 00:19:19,820 --> 00:19:23,615
+ an interpreter to help
+ people in Ramsey County.
+
+ 309
+ 00:19:23,615 --> 00:19:27,425
+ That about three years later,
+
+ 310
+ 00:19:27,425 --> 00:19:30,530
+ the county of tests
+
+ 311
+ 00:19:30,530 --> 00:19:33,980
+ that I can take a test to
+ become a financial look.
+
+ 312
+ 00:19:33,980 --> 00:19:38,690
+ And then I pass at
+ that time in 1989.
+
+ 313
+ 00:19:38,690 --> 00:19:40,880
+ So I have become a
+ financial it then
+
+ 314
+ 00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:42,725
+ Ramsey County, OK. Now,
+
+ 315
+ 00:19:42,725 --> 00:19:47,045
+ are you working with solely
+ with Cambodians and other
+
+ 316
+ 00:19:47,045 --> 00:19:49,880
+ Asians or are you working with
+
+ 317
+ 00:19:49,880 --> 00:19:53,045
+ a wide variety of
+ groups of my job now?
+
+ 318
+ 00:19:53,045 --> 00:19:57,200
+ Yep. No, I'm working but
+ the American client.
+
+ 319
+ 00:19:57,200 --> 00:19:59,090
+ I'm not every fuji,
+
+ 320
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:00,350
+ so no work at all.
+
+ 321
+ 00:20:00,350 --> 00:20:07,820
+ Okay. No. I preferred that
+ American because I know
+
+ 322
+ 00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:12,545
+ too many people in
+ the community and
+
+ 323
+ 00:20:12,545 --> 00:20:14,690
+ I don't want to
+ involve that because
+
+ 324
+ 00:20:14,690 --> 00:20:17,975
+ of the confidential Sure.
+
+ 325
+ 00:20:17,975 --> 00:20:21,065
+ And the problem with
+ communication or whatever.
+
+ 326
+ 00:20:21,065 --> 00:20:22,940
+ So I write a little bit.
+
+ 327
+ 00:20:22,940 --> 00:20:25,775
+ When they put me in
+ the job, they asked,
+
+ 328
+ 00:20:25,775 --> 00:20:27,950
+ I didn't have a chance
+ to choose that,
+
+ 329
+ 00:20:27,950 --> 00:20:29,960
+ but they couldn't live up
+ at their mark on clients,
+
+ 330
+ 00:20:29,960 --> 00:20:31,010
+ so I decided to stay.
+
+ 331
+ 00:20:31,010 --> 00:20:32,180
+ I didn't bow to let
+
+ 332
+ 00:20:32,180 --> 00:20:41,930
+ each unit would or
+
+ 333
+ 00:20:41,930 --> 00:20:44,120
+ are there things that
+ that concern you
+
+ 334
+ 00:20:44,120 --> 00:20:48,365
+ or or problems that that you are.
+
+ 335
+ 00:20:48,365 --> 00:20:51,350
+ Face having been in
+ the United States,
+
+ 336
+ 00:20:51,350 --> 00:20:53,480
+ particularly Minnesota
+ for the past few years.
+
+ 337
+ 00:20:53,480 --> 00:20:56,120
+ Are there are there are
+ issues that that concern
+
+ 338
+ 00:20:56,120 --> 00:20:57,380
+ you are or you do think
+
+ 339
+ 00:20:57,380 --> 00:20:59,120
+ about it a fair
+ amount in terms of,
+
+ 340
+ 00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:01,565
+ of your transition into
+
+ 341
+ 00:21:01,565 --> 00:21:03,290
+ US society and also
+
+ 342
+ 00:21:03,290 --> 00:21:05,630
+ perhaps fellow Cambodians
+ sort of moved here.
+
+ 343
+ 00:21:05,630 --> 00:21:08,630
+ Are there any kinds of
+ things that trouble you?
+
+ 344
+ 00:21:08,630 --> 00:21:13,640
+ My concern is for
+ Cambodian people,
+
+ 345
+ 00:21:13,640 --> 00:21:17,375
+ especially the family without
+
+ 346
+ 00:21:17,375 --> 00:21:21,350
+ a single family, single pattern.
+
+ 347
+ 00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:27,200
+ And also that moat
+ pendant and household.
+
+ 348
+ 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:34,774
+ Most of Cambodian that came
+ to United State during ARE.
+
+ 349
+ 00:21:34,774 --> 00:21:38,460
+ So now most of them,
+
+ 350
+ 00:21:38,650 --> 00:21:47,465
+ they don't have a lot our
+ education background,
+
+ 351
+ 00:21:47,465 --> 00:21:50,105
+ and most of them farmer
+
+ 352
+ 00:21:50,105 --> 00:21:54,230
+ or a citizen that
+ live in the city,
+
+ 353
+ 00:21:54,230 --> 00:21:57,920
+ but they did not have
+ a good background
+
+ 354
+ 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:05,300
+ about the skill that
+ fit in this society.
+
+ 355
+ 00:22:05,300 --> 00:22:09,980
+ And they have a lot of
+ problem to adjusted.
+
+ 356
+ 00:22:09,980 --> 00:22:12,905
+ But for myself that I can speak,
+
+ 357
+ 00:22:12,905 --> 00:22:16,100
+ I cannot just faster than them.
+
+ 358
+ 00:22:16,100 --> 00:22:21,080
+ And the people that they know
+ nothing about the language,
+
+ 359
+ 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:25,610
+ they tend to be really
+ hard to adjust them.
+
+ 360
+ 00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:28,970
+ And the family that
+
+ 361
+ 00:22:28,970 --> 00:22:35,030
+ some people that cannot read
+ or write their own language,
+
+ 362
+ 00:22:35,030 --> 00:22:39,080
+ as it's rarely frosted
+ them for them to learn
+
+ 363
+ 00:22:39,080 --> 00:22:41,210
+ the other Langley because
+
+ 364
+ 00:22:41,210 --> 00:22:43,535
+ they all know they don't
+ know how to read and write.
+
+ 365
+ 00:22:43,535 --> 00:22:45,620
+ They know how to
+ speed communication,
+
+ 366
+ 00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:47,390
+ but for reading and writing,
+
+ 367
+ 00:22:47,390 --> 00:22:50,990
+ it's really hard and
+ it made them more
+
+ 368
+ 00:22:50,990 --> 00:22:55,580
+ harder than anybody
+ that can speak, read,
+
+ 369
+ 00:22:55,580 --> 00:22:57,860
+ and write their
+ own name and says,
+
+ 370
+ 00:22:57,860 --> 00:22:59,330
+ my concern is that
+
+ 371
+ 00:22:59,330 --> 00:23:03,290
+ those people are really
+ hard to adjust to this,
+
+ 372
+ 00:23:03,290 --> 00:23:08,540
+ this society and that the state.
+
+ 373
+ 00:23:08,540 --> 00:23:11,030
+ They gobble men and this
+
+ 374
+ 00:23:11,030 --> 00:23:14,430
+ they should understand
+ and it should help them.
+
+ 375
+ 00:23:15,520 --> 00:23:19,550
+ Do you think, what do you
+ think would be the best,
+
+ 376
+ 00:23:19,550 --> 00:23:22,100
+ best approach to that education?
+
+ 377
+ 00:23:22,100 --> 00:23:27,080
+ Or what do you
+
+ 378
+ 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:28,730
+ think would work in terms
+
+ 379
+ 00:23:28,730 --> 00:23:31,625
+ of perhaps helping
+ them adjust better?
+
+ 380
+ 00:23:31,625 --> 00:23:34,294
+ They need a lot of support.
+
+ 381
+ 00:23:34,294 --> 00:23:38,284
+ Especially the families support,
+
+ 382
+ 00:23:38,284 --> 00:23:42,830
+ because they used to live in
+
+ 383
+ 00:23:42,830 --> 00:23:45,740
+ the the period of time
+
+ 384
+ 00:23:45,740 --> 00:23:49,835
+ that have a lot of
+ crisis that need to Y.
+
+ 385
+ 00:23:49,835 --> 00:23:53,870
+ And also that they
+ have a horrible time.
+
+ 386
+ 00:23:53,870 --> 00:23:57,800
+ That they never, they
+ cannot forget about that.
+
+ 387
+ 00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:00,800
+ Because of the the life
+
+ 388
+ 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:04,025
+ that they have gone through
+ during the tomorrows,
+
+ 389
+ 00:24:04,025 --> 00:24:11,360
+ make them some people
+ that almost lost memory.
+
+ 390
+ 00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:17,420
+ They become so much The Press.
+
+ 391
+ 00:24:17,420 --> 00:24:20,900
+ But they don't know
+ how to speak out.
+
+ 392
+ 00:24:20,900 --> 00:24:24,755
+ They don't know how
+ to tell the ADA and
+
+ 393
+ 00:24:24,755 --> 00:24:30,155
+ our culture people nothing
+ one to share their problem,
+
+ 394
+ 00:24:30,155 --> 00:24:35,930
+ to be either unless they trust
+ Azariah, close relative.
+
+ 395
+ 00:24:35,930 --> 00:24:39,695
+ If you are working,
+ tried to help them.
+
+ 396
+ 00:24:39,695 --> 00:24:40,925
+ If they don't know you,
+
+ 397
+ 00:24:40,925 --> 00:24:42,920
+ they don't want to
+ share any idea or
+
+ 398
+ 00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:45,095
+ they don't want to share
+ any problem with you.
+
+ 399
+ 00:24:45,095 --> 00:24:47,015
+ So you cannot help them.
+
+ 400
+ 00:24:47,015 --> 00:24:49,820
+ But if they understand
+ the culture,
+
+ 401
+ 00:24:49,820 --> 00:24:51,410
+ they understand a problem,
+
+ 402
+ 00:24:51,410 --> 00:24:53,240
+ trying to help them.
+
+ 403
+ 00:24:53,240 --> 00:25:00,750
+ Sometime people offer the
+ problem so we can help them.
+
+ 404
+ 00:25:00,790 --> 00:25:03,900
+ And the other thing
+
+ 405
+ 00:25:06,490 --> 00:25:11,945
+ right now is that the
+ kid growing up here,
+
+ 406
+ 00:25:11,945 --> 00:25:15,815
+ they'd learn the lay at
+ faster than the parent.
+
+ 407
+ 00:25:15,815 --> 00:25:20,060
+ And then to have a
+ different point of view,
+
+ 408
+ 00:25:20,060 --> 00:25:23,480
+ some care did grow up in
+ the cam when he came here.
+
+ 409
+ 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:26,840
+ They don't know about the
+ Cambodia culture at all.
+
+ 410
+ 00:25:26,840 --> 00:25:31,295
+ And then the chi
+ Laika have a problem
+
+ 411
+ 00:25:31,295 --> 00:25:36,770
+ between parents and children
+ and between because the kid,
+
+ 412
+ 00:25:36,770 --> 00:25:38,990
+ when they live in home,
+
+ 413
+ 00:25:38,990 --> 00:25:40,490
+ depend on one num to be
+
+ 414
+ 00:25:40,490 --> 00:25:44,735
+ Cambodian to discipline them
+ the way that they work.
+
+ 415
+ 00:25:44,735 --> 00:25:46,160
+ Well when they go to school,
+
+ 416
+ 00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:49,115
+ they have another law
+ that they must follow.
+
+ 417
+ 00:25:49,115 --> 00:25:52,220
+ There must obey
+ that, this society.
+
+ 418
+ 00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:54,515
+ And then when they go back
+ to school, Chi legged,
+
+ 419
+ 00:25:54,515 --> 00:25:58,235
+ two different society for
+ them that it's hard to her.
+
+ 420
+ 00:25:58,235 --> 00:25:59,990
+ So it essay, we need to have
+
+ 421
+ 00:25:59,990 --> 00:26:02,900
+ some people that understand
+ a problem tried to
+
+ 422
+ 00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:07,040
+ help him to adjusted by
+ offering my education
+
+ 423
+ 00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:11,465
+ to them or some kind acre
+ or training to them,
+
+ 424
+ 00:26:11,465 --> 00:26:15,140
+ trying to know made them
+ and wild with the society,
+
+ 425
+ 00:26:15,140 --> 00:26:18,720
+ become a productive citizen.
+
+ 426
+ 00:26:18,900 --> 00:26:22,870
+ How do you feel that,
+
+ 427
+ 00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:25,420
+ that you've worked on a lot of
+
+ 428
+ 00:26:25,420 --> 00:26:30,160
+ the in terms of what you
+ went through in Cambodia,
+
+ 429
+ 00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:32,710
+ Do you feel that you've
+ had opportunities to,
+
+ 430
+ 00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:34,480
+ to address that the,
+
+ 431
+ 00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:37,465
+ the experience and work
+ through all of that yourself.
+
+ 432
+ 00:26:37,465 --> 00:26:39,925
+ You feel like you. I think so.
+
+ 433
+ 00:26:39,925 --> 00:26:45,610
+ Because when you go to you
+ can see a lot of thing.
+
+ 434
+ 00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:49,495
+ Most of I feel that I
+
+ 435
+ 00:26:49,495 --> 00:26:52,840
+ know a lot of thing
+ in this country,
+
+ 436
+ 00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,480
+ mod and I knew in my hand.
+
+ 437
+ 00:26:55,480 --> 00:26:58,735
+ And tell me late
+ the government or
+
+ 438
+ 00:26:58,735 --> 00:27:04,325
+ the system how to
+ process in this society.
+
+ 439
+ 00:27:04,325 --> 00:27:06,710
+ Because when I was in Cambodia,
+
+ 440
+ 00:27:06,710 --> 00:27:08,990
+ I didn't know about the Congress.
+
+ 441
+ 00:27:08,990 --> 00:27:11,285
+ How many Congress
+ in Cambodia Hub,
+
+ 442
+ 00:27:11,285 --> 00:27:12,940
+ how the legislature work,
+
+ 443
+ 00:27:12,940 --> 00:27:14,540
+ something like that because in
+
+ 444
+ 00:27:14,540 --> 00:27:16,805
+ school they never
+ teach you to learn.
+
+ 445
+ 00:27:16,805 --> 00:27:22,295
+ They just gave you all these
+ samurai general literature,
+
+ 446
+ 00:27:22,295 --> 00:27:25,805
+ little bit math, a little
+ bit, some like that.
+
+ 447
+ 00:27:25,805 --> 00:27:30,140
+ Unless you get into
+ the university,
+
+ 448
+ 00:27:30,140 --> 00:27:35,630
+ you trying to be a doctor
+ or a professor or whatever.
+
+ 449
+ 00:27:35,630 --> 00:27:36,740
+ And then you can know
+
+ 450
+ 00:27:36,740 --> 00:27:39,320
+ only the brand that
+ you go and needs.
+
+ 451
+ 00:27:39,320 --> 00:27:43,985
+ No general knowledge
+ like this society.
+
+ 452
+ 00:27:43,985 --> 00:27:49,400
+ So is people like myself
+ that want to learn more,
+
+ 453
+ 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:53,734
+ want to have a better
+ understanding.
+
+ 454
+ 00:27:53,734 --> 00:27:56,990
+ English can communicate
+ with the people here.
+
+ 455
+ 00:27:56,990 --> 00:28:00,050
+ So we have a better chance to
+
+ 456
+ 00:28:00,050 --> 00:28:03,230
+ adjust to live in this society.
+
+ 457
+ 00:28:03,230 --> 00:28:07,730
+ So people that I think the
+ problem is the communication.
+
+ 458
+ 00:28:07,730 --> 00:28:09,680
+ If the people can
+ learn the language
+
+ 459
+ 00:28:09,680 --> 00:28:13,290
+ faster so they can adjust
+ whatever they won.
+
+ 460
+ 00:28:14,350 --> 00:28:19,230
+ Okay. Stu law. No, no, no, no.
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+ 00:00:15,740 --> 00:00:19,560
+ Okay, my final question is,
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:19,560 --> 00:00:21,870
+ in view of, of what
+ you experienced in
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:21,870 --> 00:00:24,735
+ Cambodia when the Khmer
+ Rouge were in power.
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:24,735 --> 00:00:29,800
+ How have you dealt with the,
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:29,800 --> 00:00:32,075
+ the nightmare that
+ you went through?
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:32,075 --> 00:00:35,495
+ What kind of coping mechanisms
+ have you developed?
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:35,495 --> 00:00:39,450
+ How have you worked out
+ all of those issues?
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:47,075
+ Until right now?
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:47,075 --> 00:00:51,530
+ When I think about
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:51,530 --> 00:00:55,385
+ the when the tie and
+ doing the command,
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:55,385 --> 00:00:58,700
+ I still have a bad dream.
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:58,700 --> 00:01:06,215
+ Usually if the hot and
+ so tired during the day.
+
+ 13
+ 00:01:06,215 --> 00:01:08,135
+ And you go to sleep.
+
+ 14
+ 00:01:08,135 --> 00:01:12,055
+ Alvin dream about
+ during the time.
+
+ 15
+ 00:01:12,055 --> 00:01:16,960
+ Sometime I saw blade to Meroe,
+
+ 16
+ 00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:20,020
+ are the people with
+ the leader to come
+
+ 17
+ 00:01:20,020 --> 00:01:23,785
+ out or the shoulder that
+ trying to catch me,
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:23,785 --> 00:01:25,750
+ wanted to kill me something.
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:25,750 --> 00:01:31,570
+ And after terrible
+ nightmare light
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:31,570 --> 00:01:35,110
+ that just woke up in
+ the middle of May and
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:35,110 --> 00:01:38,905
+ I couldn't sleep at
+ R. So out of my mind,
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:38,905 --> 00:01:46,405
+ you're thinking I start to
+ trying to suppress them down,
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:46,405 --> 00:01:48,520
+ tried to forget about that.
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:52,495
+ Trying to think about the
+ future instead of the path.
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:52,495 --> 00:01:56,870
+ And I don't want to Aldo dream.
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:56,910 --> 00:01:59,785
+ Come back again in my mind.
+
+ 27
+ 00:01:59,785 --> 00:02:02,829
+ This is just trying to think
+ everything in the future.
+
+ 28
+ 00:02:02,829 --> 00:02:04,690
+ What most of the
+ time when they have
+
+ 29
+ 00:02:04,690 --> 00:02:07,930
+ that dream late that
+ icon sleep RNA.
+
+ 30
+ 00:02:07,930 --> 00:02:14,560
+ And trying to take like a
+ medicine to may get headache,
+
+ 31
+ 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:16,930
+ take medicine so they can sleep.
+
+ 32
+ 00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:23,800
+ And especially I try to work,
+
+ 33
+ 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:27,400
+ but this is just only myself that
+
+ 34
+ 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:31,929
+ I know that I can forget
+ all those thing easily.
+
+ 35
+ 00:02:31,929 --> 00:02:36,095
+ Because solver, working the data,
+
+ 36
+ 00:02:36,095 --> 00:02:38,375
+ people have a lot of friend,
+
+ 37
+ 00:02:38,375 --> 00:02:41,990
+ tough about the future toddler
+ by something else that
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:41,990 --> 00:02:48,530
+ fun because I can easy
+ to forget our dosing.
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:48,530 --> 00:02:49,970
+ But if it comes up to
+
+ 40
+ 00:02:49,970 --> 00:02:54,680
+ my mind that take
+ at least 24 hours,
+
+ 41
+ 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:58,475
+ something like that, this
+ wondering around those thing.
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:58,475 --> 00:03:02,285
+ And I know you've got a problem.
+
+ 43
+ 00:03:02,285 --> 00:03:04,385
+ Just walk away.
+
+ 44
+ 00:03:04,385 --> 00:03:07,650
+ Take all, go somewhere.
+
+ 45
+ 00:03:07,650 --> 00:03:11,390
+ Our tile with a friend,
+ different subject.
+
+ 46
+ 00:03:11,390 --> 00:03:13,190
+ Try to forget that.
+
+ 47
+ 00:03:13,190 --> 00:03:16,550
+ Sometime like have an
+ American friend asking
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:16,550 --> 00:03:18,950
+ about AS topping a little bit
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:18,950 --> 00:03:22,080
+ and then one day
+ chained to the Odyssey.
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:24,430 --> 00:03:27,770
+ Well, do you have
+ anything else that you'd
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:27,770 --> 00:03:31,320
+ like to add that we
+ haven't covered?
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:32,620 --> 00:03:38,840
+ I don't know. That's that's
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:43,740
+ all of the questions I
+ have for now. Thank you.
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+ 1
+ 00:00:08,400 --> 00:00:12,100
+ That'll college
+ and seminary today
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:14,470
+ come with me through
+ these gates to
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:14,470 --> 00:00:16,780
+ a beautiful all new canvas,
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:16,780 --> 00:00:18,760
+ indeed a proper setting for
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:18,760 --> 00:00:20,080
+ the Christian liberal arts
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:23,090
+ and conservative
+ theological education.
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:23,730 --> 00:00:27,145
+ Looking at our campus
+ from the Southeast,
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:27,145 --> 00:00:30,460
+ we see the college and seminary
+ located in the beautiful,
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:30,460 --> 00:00:33,340
+ rolling wooded hills
+ beside lake Valentine.
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:33,340 --> 00:00:37,750
+ This is just five miles
+ north of our old campus.
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:42,015
+ Here the emphasis is on
+ the seminary complex
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:42,015 --> 00:00:46,320
+ campus, as it appears
+ from the west.
+
+ 13
+ 00:00:46,450 --> 00:00:48,740
+ This area will someday be
+
+ 14
+ 00:00:48,740 --> 00:00:52,200
+ occupied by the
+ administration building.
+
+ 15
+ 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:55,280
+ Bethel probably boasts one of
+
+ 16
+ 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:59,270
+ the most beautiful campus
+ settings in the country.
+
+ 17
+ 00:00:59,270 --> 00:01:02,000
+ Each of the college
+ buildings is connected with
+
+ 18
+ 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:04,805
+ the other building by a
+ weatherproof walkway,
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:04,805 --> 00:01:06,875
+ both above and below ground.
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:06,875 --> 00:01:08,840
+ Hi, I'm sure you will
+ agree if you walk
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:11,060
+ between the buildings
+ on the Old Campus,
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:11,060 --> 00:01:14,210
+ this indeed is a worthy edition.
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:14,210 --> 00:01:16,400
+ We look at the campus now from
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:20,105
+ the east with the new
+ townhouses and view.
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:20,105 --> 00:01:22,550
+ This is the field of conflict for
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:22,550 --> 00:01:25,190
+ football, baseball, and soccer
+
+ 27
+ 00:01:25,190 --> 00:01:28,595
+ athletics out
+ important at Bethel.
+
+ 28
+ 00:01:28,595 --> 00:01:31,100
+ Our new dorms consist of
+
+ 29
+ 00:01:31,100 --> 00:01:33,725
+ 14 units and two
+ clusters of seven.
+
+ 30
+ 00:01:33,725 --> 00:01:37,580
+ We can house 2221 unit 234,
+
+ 31
+ 00:01:37,580 --> 00:01:41,210
+ and the other a total of 456.
+
+ 32
+ 00:01:41,210 --> 00:01:43,760
+ And they are all filled with
+
+ 33
+ 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:46,940
+ the housing on the Old
+ Campus filled as well.
+
+ 34
+ 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:50,570
+ Each apartment
+ contains six students.
+
+ 35
+ 00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:53,960
+ There is a health center and
+ recreation room available in
+
+ 36
+ 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:57,500
+ this complex and all the
+ other complexes as well.
+
+ 37
+ 00:01:57,500 --> 00:02:00,320
+ The total enrollment in
+ this year will run between
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:06,575
+ 12851300 in the college in
+ about 240 in the seminary.
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:06,575 --> 00:02:09,110
+ This was the first dormitory to
+
+ 40
+ 00:02:09,110 --> 00:02:11,060
+ have been constructed
+ on the new campus.
+
+ 41
+ 00:02:11,060 --> 00:02:14,000
+ It holds 120 students.
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,430
+ Here's located one of
+
+ 43
+ 00:02:16,430 --> 00:02:19,595
+ the most up-to-date libraries
+ in the state of Minnesota.
+
+ 44
+ 00:02:19,595 --> 00:02:21,980
+ It is on two levels.
+
+ 45
+ 00:02:21,980 --> 00:02:24,260
+ Individual study units provide
+
+ 46
+ 00:02:24,260 --> 00:02:25,790
+ privacy for tape recording,
+
+ 47
+ 00:02:25,790 --> 00:02:27,320
+ as well as other functions
+
+ 48
+ 00:02:27,320 --> 00:02:29,420
+ which will be difficult
+ to accomplish.
+
+ 49
+ 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:31,489
+ In the main library,
+
+ 50
+ 00:02:31,489 --> 00:02:34,070
+ our students have access not only
+
+ 51
+ 00:02:34,070 --> 00:02:36,545
+ to our 79 thousand volumes,
+
+ 52
+ 00:02:36,545 --> 00:02:38,780
+ but any consortium of
+ seven other colleges,
+
+ 53
+ 00:02:38,780 --> 00:02:41,194
+ as well as the Hill library,
+
+ 54
+ 00:02:41,194 --> 00:02:43,520
+ they can reach a total of
+
+ 55
+ 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:47,130
+ 3 million volumes within
+ two days of requests,
+
+ 56
+ 00:02:47,289 --> 00:02:49,730
+ >> students have access to cast
+
+ 57
+ 00:02:49,730 --> 00:02:53,705
+ that duplicated photo
+ laboratory movie slide,
+
+ 58
+ 00:02:53,705 --> 00:02:55,385
+ overhead projection equipment,
+
+ 59
+ 00:02:55,385 --> 00:02:58,470
+ as well as TV tape reproduction.
+
+ 60
+ 00:03:01,930 --> 00:03:05,030
+ The Bethel Bain 70
+
+ 61
+ 00:03:05,030 --> 00:03:08,970
+ strong is under the direction
+ of Dr. Julius wedding
+
+ 62
+ 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:22,100
+ string students at
+ Bethel are part of
+
+ 63
+ 00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:23,780
+ the Minnesota Mining Orchestra
+
+ 64
+ 00:03:23,780 --> 00:03:26,370
+ under Dr. Wendy girls direction.
+
+ 65
+ 00:03:36,100 --> 00:03:39,800
+ The women's choir, the
+ newest musical group,
+
+ 66
+ 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:41,480
+ is about 12 years old,
+
+ 67
+ 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:42,950
+ and this year will feature
+
+ 68
+ 00:03:42,950 --> 00:03:46,980
+ 48 students under the
+ direction of Mary fall.
+
+ 69
+ 00:03:57,370 --> 00:04:00,200
+ The male chorus is
+ perhaps the oldest,
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:01,850
+ the battles musical groups,
+
+ 71
+ 00:04:01,850 --> 00:04:04,910
+ and it's under the capable
+ direction of c. Edward Thomas,
+
+ 72
+ 00:04:04,910 --> 00:04:07,220
+ popular Midwestern
+ musician and professor
+
+ 73
+ 00:04:07,220 --> 00:04:13,320
+ at Bethel all grace.
+
+ 74
+ 00:04:18,430 --> 00:04:22,520
+ Dr. Robert burglar and
+ directs the college choir,
+
+ 75
+ 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,980
+ which will tour the
+ East Coast this year
+
+ 76
+ 00:04:36,580 --> 00:04:39,410
+ on special occasions,
+ the quires or
+
+ 77
+ 00:04:39,410 --> 00:04:42,110
+ combine with other students
+ to make a great festival.
+
+ 78
+ 00:04:42,110 --> 00:04:44,390
+ Choir here creature with
+
+ 79
+ 00:04:44,390 --> 00:04:48,450
+ a Minnesota Orchestra during
+ the spring Music Festival.
+
+ 80
+ 00:04:58,599 --> 00:05:02,390
+ >> The art department offers
+ exciting possibilities
+
+ 81
+ 00:05:02,390 --> 00:05:07,590
+ in painting, sculpture, ceramics.
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:10,280
+ Instruction is given on
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:11,840
+ a personal basis in
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:11,840 --> 00:05:14,465
+ an atmosphere of informality
+ and understanding.
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:14,465 --> 00:05:18,120
+ Numerous art exhibits are
+ held during the year.
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:22,895
+ Bethel is noted for its
+ sound liberal arts program.
+
+ 87
+ 00:05:22,895 --> 00:05:24,500
+ It is fully accredited by
+
+ 88
+ 00:05:24,500 --> 00:05:26,540
+ the North Central
+ Association of Colleges
+
+ 89
+ 00:05:26,540 --> 00:05:27,935
+ and secondary schools.
+
+ 90
+ 00:05:27,935 --> 00:05:30,140
+ And as the unqualified
+ recognition of
+
+ 91
+ 00:05:30,140 --> 00:05:32,870
+ the University of Minnesota is
+
+ 92
+ 00:05:32,870 --> 00:05:36,755
+ one of the finest private
+ college labs in the area.
+
+ 93
+ 00:05:36,755 --> 00:05:39,290
+ A good safety feature is
+
+ 94
+ 00:05:39,290 --> 00:05:42,290
+ the chemistry safety shower
+
+ 95
+ 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:45,905
+ with particular preparation
+ for eye protection.
+
+ 96
+ 00:05:45,905 --> 00:05:48,320
+ The study a biological function
+
+ 97
+ 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:50,825
+ is a joy in this facility.
+
+ 98
+ 00:05:50,825 --> 00:05:54,560
+ Physics receives at
+ proper due in this area.
+
+ 99
+ 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,825
+ And other areas include
+ preparation for public education.
+
+ 100
+ 00:05:59,825 --> 00:06:03,725
+ Here is one of our student
+ teachers in action.
+
+ 101
+ 00:06:03,725 --> 00:06:06,710
+ Well, time fails.
+
+ 102
+ 00:06:06,710 --> 00:06:09,020
+ Meter mentioned is they
+ deserve to be mentioned.
+
+ 103
+ 00:06:09,020 --> 00:06:12,650
+ Biblical studies, foreign
+ languages, history,
+
+ 104
+ 00:06:12,650 --> 00:06:16,100
+ political science,
+ philosophy, psychology,
+
+ 105
+ 00:06:16,100 --> 00:06:19,590
+ social studies, Speech and Drama.
+
+ 106
+ 00:06:22,930 --> 00:06:26,435
+ There are many ways for
+ self-expression battle.
+
+ 107
+ 00:06:26,435 --> 00:06:28,475
+ If you are sports minded,
+
+ 108
+ 00:06:28,475 --> 00:06:31,310
+ you can be an
+ enthusiastic spectator
+
+ 109
+ 00:06:31,310 --> 00:06:35,525
+ or a participant on
+ intramural are varsity level.
+
+ 110
+ 00:06:35,525 --> 00:06:37,340
+ Eight different sports are
+
+ 111
+ 00:06:37,340 --> 00:06:39,080
+ conducted on the varsity level.
+
+ 112
+ 00:06:39,080 --> 00:06:42,890
+ And Bethel is a member the
+ tri-state athletic conference.
+
+ 113
+ 00:06:42,890 --> 00:06:47,675
+ Perhaps your thing is
+ basketball or track.
+
+ 114
+ 00:06:47,675 --> 00:06:49,790
+ The grunt and grow an artist have
+
+ 115
+ 00:06:49,790 --> 00:06:51,770
+ their share of the limelight.
+
+ 116
+ 00:06:51,770 --> 00:06:56,370
+ Our football wires do and
+ die for good. Old Bethel.
+
+ 117
+ 00:06:56,770 --> 00:07:00,680
+ Bethel has had championship
+ tennis squats.
+
+ 118
+ 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:04,355
+ Baseball brings honour
+ to AJ alma mater.
+
+ 119
+ 00:07:04,355 --> 00:07:06,740
+ Now soccer has been
+
+ 120
+ 00:07:06,740 --> 00:07:10,085
+ successfully added to
+ the velocity program.
+
+ 121
+ 00:07:10,085 --> 00:07:13,160
+ Our lovely young
+ ladies are in hand for
+
+ 122
+ 00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:14,930
+ all major events to encourage
+
+ 123
+ 00:07:14,930 --> 00:07:17,790
+ both participants and spectators.
+
+ 124
+ 00:07:21,490 --> 00:07:24,950
+ A most important part
+ of the Bethel story is
+
+ 125
+ 00:07:24,950 --> 00:07:26,480
+ the contribution of the seminary
+
+ 126
+ 00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:28,295
+ to the Baptist
+ general conference,
+
+ 127
+ 00:07:28,295 --> 00:07:31,835
+ as well as to all major
+ evangelical groups.
+
+ 128
+ 00:07:31,835 --> 00:07:33,710
+ Since its inception,
+
+ 129
+ 00:07:33,710 --> 00:07:35,840
+ theological studies
+ at Bethel seminary
+
+ 130
+ 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:37,370
+ had been set within the framework
+
+ 131
+ 00:07:37,370 --> 00:07:40,230
+ of historic evangelical theology.
+
+ 132
+ 00:07:40,570 --> 00:07:43,010
+ Particular emphasis has been
+
+ 133
+ 00:07:43,010 --> 00:07:45,020
+ placed upon a
+ theology which gives
+
+ 134
+ 00:07:45,020 --> 00:07:49,505
+ primacy to the Bible as the
+ source of Christian doctrine.
+
+ 135
+ 00:07:49,505 --> 00:07:51,890
+ Major attention has been given to
+
+ 136
+ 00:07:51,890 --> 00:07:54,875
+ the foundational truths
+ of evangelical theology,
+
+ 137
+ 00:07:54,875 --> 00:07:57,515
+ such as the reliability
+ of the scriptures,
+
+ 138
+ 00:07:57,515 --> 00:07:59,195
+ THE gravity of man,
+
+ 139
+ 00:07:59,195 --> 00:08:01,565
+ the necessity of
+ divine redemption,
+
+ 140
+ 00:08:01,565 --> 00:08:03,590
+ personal regeneration,
+
+ 141
+ 00:08:03,590 --> 00:08:05,525
+ the resurrection of believers,
+
+ 142
+ 00:08:05,525 --> 00:08:07,460
+ and the imminent
+ visible return of
+
+ 143
+ 00:08:07,460 --> 00:08:09,230
+ Jesus Christ, our Lord.
+
+ 144
+ 00:08:09,230 --> 00:08:11,930
+ And say, Dr. Gordon Johnson
+
+ 145
+ 00:08:11,930 --> 00:08:14,090
+ announced this year
+ that Bethel graduated
+
+ 146
+ 00:08:14,090 --> 00:08:16,910
+ 55 seniors and is currently
+
+ 147
+ 00:08:16,910 --> 00:08:17,990
+ enrolling between
+
+ 148
+ 00:08:17,990 --> 00:08:21,240
+ two hundred and forty and two
+ hundred and fifty students.
+
+ 149
+ 00:08:22,300 --> 00:08:25,775
+ Bethel is far more
+ than its buildings.
+
+ 150
+ 00:08:25,775 --> 00:08:29,705
+ Bethel is more than superior
+ academic achievement.
+
+ 151
+ 00:08:29,705 --> 00:08:33,350
+ Bethel is even bigger than
+ the all important graduation
+
+ 152
+ 00:08:33,350 --> 00:08:39,950
+ on Bethel is bigger than
+ any personal achievement.
+
+ 153
+ 00:08:39,950 --> 00:08:41,930
+ As important as it is,
+
+ 154
+ 00:08:41,930 --> 00:08:45,799
+ Bethel is a corporate
+ opportunity to grow with others
+
+ 155
+ 00:08:45,799 --> 00:08:49,080
+ >> in spiritual
+ outreach and develop.
+
+ 156
+ 00:08:49,750 --> 00:08:53,315
+ Although chapel is not
+ required at Bethel,
+
+ 157
+ 00:08:53,315 --> 00:08:56,030
+ it is most significant
+ that most of
+
+ 158
+ 00:08:56,030 --> 00:08:59,610
+ the student body unites
+ each day for worship.
+
+ 159
+ 00:08:59,740 --> 00:09:02,690
+ Time to time, the
+ entire student body,
+
+ 160
+ 00:09:02,690 --> 00:09:03,920
+ both seminary in college,
+
+ 161
+ 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:07,950
+ meet outdoors in a great
+ natural ampitheater.
+
+ 162
+ 00:09:08,050 --> 00:09:12,260
+ Jerry Healy shares with
+ us student testimonies.
+
+ 163
+ 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:14,790
+ Now from our campus
+
+ 164
+ 00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:28,010
+ is a Christian
+
+ 165
+ 00:09:28,010 --> 00:09:30,815
+ arts colleague, James
+ Theological Seminary
+
+ 166
+ 00:09:30,815 --> 00:09:34,745
+ dedicated to the development
+ of a strong people,
+
+ 167
+ 00:09:34,745 --> 00:09:39,260
+ fully matures, sensitive,
+ and inner directed.
+
+ 168
+ 00:09:39,260 --> 00:09:41,885
+ A people continually growing
+
+ 169
+ 00:09:41,885 --> 00:09:45,185
+ toward the model of Jesus Christ.
+
+ 170
+ 00:09:45,185 --> 00:09:49,070
+ I've only been at Beth
+ and I think the thing
+
+ 171
+ 00:09:49,070 --> 00:09:52,610
+ that impresses me the most
+ was the Christian community.
+
+ 172
+ 00:09:52,610 --> 00:09:56,360
+ Yes, I think it's so
+ important to integrate
+
+ 173
+ 00:09:56,360 --> 00:10:00,290
+ academic and special thanks
+
+ 174
+ 00:10:00,290 --> 00:10:05,255
+ to the thing I most crazy about,
+
+ 175
+ 00:10:05,255 --> 00:10:07,520
+ about FAFSA is that
+
+ 176
+ 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:09,935
+ it's been sorry about
+ the whole person.
+
+ 177
+ 00:10:09,935 --> 00:10:14,195
+ Academic or intellectual
+ or spiritual Sosa.
+
+ 178
+ 00:10:14,195 --> 00:10:15,590
+ But watching such that I can have
+
+ 179
+ 00:10:15,590 --> 00:10:17,165
+ a relationship between faculty.
+
+ 180
+ 00:10:17,165 --> 00:10:20,495
+ Ostinato festivals are really
+
+ 181
+ 00:10:20,495 --> 00:10:23,395
+ sincere and they really
+ want to be loved.
+
+ 182
+ 00:10:23,395 --> 00:10:27,785
+ People town opening my mind
+
+ 183
+ 00:10:27,785 --> 00:10:31,940
+ to expand on almost any
+ broad thing that I want to.
+
+ 184
+ 00:10:31,940 --> 00:10:34,365
+ Education I'm getting
+ here is type.
+
+ 185
+ 00:10:34,365 --> 00:10:35,990
+ And that I think has
+
+ 186
+ 00:10:35,990 --> 00:10:38,450
+ prepared me for the
+ direction I'm going.
+
+ 187
+ 00:10:38,450 --> 00:10:41,585
+ I think it's given us a
+ quality education advisor,
+
+ 188
+ 00:10:41,585 --> 00:10:43,280
+ confidence learning,
+
+ 189
+ 00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:44,990
+ part of that community
+ experience I
+
+ 190
+ 00:10:44,990 --> 00:10:46,670
+ see as it's trying to find
+
+ 191
+ 00:10:46,670 --> 00:10:48,500
+ a way to relate
+ what we're learning
+
+ 192
+ 00:10:48,500 --> 00:10:51,360
+ in our classes to our
+ Christian experience.
+
+ 193
+ 00:10:55,839 --> 00:10:58,265
+ >> But what about Bethel?
+
+ 194
+ 00:10:58,265 --> 00:11:01,625
+ In a day when colleges are
+ closing all over the nation,
+
+ 195
+ 00:11:01,625 --> 00:11:04,820
+ when enrollments are
+ falling off at seminaries.
+
+ 196
+ 00:11:04,820 --> 00:11:08,640
+ What about Bethel, Dr. Lundquist?
+
+ 197
+ 00:11:09,730 --> 00:11:12,800
+ I have just begun my 20th year as
+
+ 198
+ 00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:15,320
+ president of Bethel
+ College in seminary.
+
+ 199
+ 00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:17,780
+ And I want to say that
+ from the perspective
+
+ 200
+ 00:11:17,780 --> 00:11:20,690
+ of almost two decades
+ in this office,
+
+ 201
+ 00:11:20,690 --> 00:11:22,790
+ that the work of
+ leading our college
+
+ 202
+ 00:11:22,790 --> 00:11:24,770
+ and our Seminary
+ has never been more
+
+ 203
+ 00:11:24,770 --> 00:11:27,335
+ exciting or more satisfying
+
+ 204
+ 00:11:27,335 --> 00:11:30,635
+ or more challenging
+ than it is this year.
+
+ 205
+ 00:11:30,635 --> 00:11:32,300
+ I'm so glad that when
+
+ 206
+ 00:11:32,300 --> 00:11:34,610
+ the Lord called me
+ into his service,
+
+ 207
+ 00:11:34,610 --> 00:11:38,690
+ sign me to the task of
+ working with young people.
+
+ 208
+ 00:11:38,690 --> 00:11:40,610
+ And I have a sense of
+
+ 209
+ 00:11:40,610 --> 00:11:44,120
+ great personal satisfaction
+ in seeking to relate
+
+ 210
+ 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:47,270
+ my own life and
+ commitment to Christ to
+
+ 211
+ 00:11:47,270 --> 00:11:49,010
+ the hundreds of
+ young people who are
+
+ 212
+ 00:11:49,010 --> 00:11:51,260
+ on the campus year after year,
+
+ 213
+ 00:11:51,260 --> 00:11:55,130
+ and pray that as they
+ find their place in life,
+
+ 214
+ 00:11:55,130 --> 00:11:57,980
+ God will use them to help shape
+
+ 215
+ 00:11:57,980 --> 00:12:01,775
+ the future of our world
+ with Christian values.
+
+ 216
+ 00:12:01,775 --> 00:12:04,550
+ During the course of the
+ two decades that I've
+
+ 217
+ 00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:07,160
+ had the privilege of being
+ on the Bethel campus,
+
+ 218
+ 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:11,300
+ I would guess that I have had
+ the opportunity of working
+
+ 219
+ 00:12:11,300 --> 00:12:13,730
+ directly or indirectly with
+
+ 220
+ 00:12:13,730 --> 00:12:16,970
+ more than 15 thousand
+ young people.
+
+ 221
+ 00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:19,325
+ And wherever I go
+ around the world,
+
+ 222
+ 00:12:19,325 --> 00:12:22,055
+ I see them busy for Jesus Christ.
+
+ 223
+ 00:12:22,055 --> 00:12:24,950
+ They are in almost every
+ field of endeavor.
+
+ 224
+ 00:12:24,950 --> 00:12:26,884
+ Some are college president's,
+
+ 225
+ 00:12:26,884 --> 00:12:29,360
+ some are presence of
+ Christian schools like
+
+ 226
+ 00:12:29,360 --> 00:12:31,895
+ Bethel College and a seminary.
+
+ 227
+ 00:12:31,895 --> 00:12:34,475
+ Some are teachers in
+ public universities,
+
+ 228
+ 00:12:34,475 --> 00:12:38,105
+ some are doctors and
+ lawyers and businessmen.
+
+ 229
+ 00:12:38,105 --> 00:12:40,730
+ Many are social workers and are
+
+ 230
+ 00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:44,300
+ extending their lives into
+ this field of human endeavor.
+
+ 231
+ 00:12:44,300 --> 00:12:46,970
+ Many are missionaries
+ and pastors on
+
+ 232
+ 00:12:46,970 --> 00:12:50,765
+ the front line proclaiming
+ the gospel of Jesus Christ.
+
+ 233
+ 00:12:50,765 --> 00:12:52,670
+ I always come back from seeing
+
+ 234
+ 00:12:52,670 --> 00:12:54,320
+ these alumni at work around
+
+ 235
+ 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:58,430
+ the world praising God all
+ over again for the share that
+
+ 236
+ 00:12:58,430 --> 00:13:02,090
+ Mrs. Lundquist and I
+ have in their lives.
+
+ 237
+ 00:13:02,090 --> 00:13:04,850
+ Just the other day, I
+ received a note from
+
+ 238
+ 00:13:04,850 --> 00:13:07,445
+ a young girl who
+ graduated last spring.
+
+ 239
+ 00:13:07,445 --> 00:13:08,870
+ He's now the director of
+
+ 240
+ 00:13:08,870 --> 00:13:11,480
+ a Bible school program
+ on the west coast.
+
+ 241
+ 00:13:11,480 --> 00:13:14,090
+ She wrote saying that during
+ the preceding summer,
+
+ 242
+ 00:13:14,090 --> 00:13:15,140
+ she had the chance of
+
+ 243
+ 00:13:15,140 --> 00:13:16,910
+ leading 71 children to
+
+ 244
+ 00:13:16,910 --> 00:13:19,265
+ a saving knowledge
+ of Jesus Christ.
+
+ 245
+ 00:13:19,265 --> 00:13:23,780
+ So she was writing out a great
+ enthusiasm along with it.
+
+ 246
+ 00:13:23,780 --> 00:13:25,910
+ This young girl just
+ a few months out of
+
+ 247
+ 00:13:25,910 --> 00:13:29,870
+ Bethel and closed a
+ money order for $40,
+
+ 248
+ 00:13:29,870 --> 00:13:34,130
+ her first gift as an
+ alumna to her alma mater.
+
+ 249
+ 00:13:34,130 --> 00:13:36,875
+ With it, she said a little note,
+
+ 250
+ 00:13:36,875 --> 00:13:40,595
+ you might be interested
+ in one paragraph of it.
+
+ 251
+ 00:13:40,595 --> 00:13:42,395
+ This young girl wrote,
+
+ 252
+ 00:13:42,395 --> 00:13:45,200
+ I graduated from
+ Bethel this past May,
+
+ 253
+ 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:46,970
+ and I never told you how much.
+
+ 254
+ 00:13:46,970 --> 00:13:48,710
+ I appreciate both of you.
+
+ 255
+ 00:13:48,710 --> 00:13:51,050
+ This is addressed to
+ both Mrs. Lundquist,
+
+ 256
+ 00:13:51,050 --> 00:13:53,210
+ myself, you were and
+
+ 257
+ 00:13:53,210 --> 00:13:55,565
+ have continued to be
+ an inspiration to me.
+
+ 258
+ 00:13:55,565 --> 00:13:57,320
+ I pray that God will richly
+
+ 259
+ 00:13:57,320 --> 00:13:59,495
+ bless you both for
+ all you've done.
+
+ 260
+ 00:13:59,495 --> 00:14:00,935
+ Not just for battle,
+
+ 261
+ 00:14:00,935 --> 00:14:03,965
+ but for me and all the
+ individual students.
+
+ 262
+ 00:14:03,965 --> 00:14:05,705
+ We love you dearly.
+
+ 263
+ 00:14:05,705 --> 00:14:07,520
+ And I want you to
+ know that I will be
+
+ 264
+ 00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:10,040
+ continually praying for you both.
+
+ 265
+ 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:12,200
+ Well, that's enough to keep
+
+ 266
+ 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:14,510
+ a president going for
+ another whole year.
+
+ 267
+ 00:14:14,510 --> 00:14:17,600
+ And it's only a small sample of
+
+ 268
+ 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:20,720
+ the enthusiasm of one
+ alumnus that i c,
+
+ 269
+ 00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:23,480
+ multiplied and many
+ lives around the world,
+
+ 270
+ 00:14:23,480 --> 00:14:27,605
+ and that I share myself long ago,
+
+ 271
+ 00:14:27,605 --> 00:14:30,560
+ Mark Hopkins said that
+ the ideal picture of
+
+ 272
+ 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:34,370
+ a school was made up of one
+ student and one teacher,
+
+ 273
+ 00:14:34,370 --> 00:14:36,665
+ each on two ends of a log.
+
+ 274
+ 00:14:36,665 --> 00:14:38,300
+ And when they were there,
+
+ 275
+ 00:14:38,300 --> 00:14:41,120
+ they had an educational
+ experience going.
+
+ 276
+ 00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:43,400
+ I think, however that
+ we would have to
+
+ 277
+ 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:45,500
+ say that somewhere
+ on that log there is
+
+ 278
+ 00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:48,755
+ a third person and
+ that's the partner
+
+ 279
+ 00:14:48,755 --> 00:14:52,535
+ like you in the life
+ of Bethel people.
+
+ 280
+ 00:14:52,535 --> 00:14:54,620
+ And we believe in the
+ mission of our school,
+
+ 281
+ 00:14:54,620 --> 00:14:56,720
+ who believe in
+ young people today,
+
+ 282
+ 00:14:56,720 --> 00:15:00,080
+ who believe in the need for
+ Christian higher education,
+
+ 283
+ 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:02,060
+ who believe in using education
+
+ 284
+ 00:15:02,060 --> 00:15:04,370
+ as an instrument of the gospel.
+
+ 285
+ 00:15:04,370 --> 00:15:07,340
+ And who, as a result
+ of these beliefs,
+
+ 286
+ 00:15:07,340 --> 00:15:10,925
+ are investing their
+ gifts in battle.
+
+ 287
+ 00:15:10,925 --> 00:15:15,110
+ I feel that you are partners
+ with us in helping to shape
+
+ 288
+ 00:15:15,110 --> 00:15:17,930
+ a whole new generation that can
+
+ 289
+ 00:15:17,930 --> 00:15:21,305
+ make a difference for Jesus
+ Christ in this world.
+
+ 290
+ 00:15:21,305 --> 00:15:23,840
+ I hope that you will
+ want to continue to
+
+ 291
+ 00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:26,225
+ be a partner at the
+ level of stewardship.
+
+ 292
+ 00:15:26,225 --> 00:15:30,410
+ And that this year you
+ will again find great joy
+
+ 293
+ 00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:34,804
+ and satisfaction yourself
+ in multiplying your life
+
+ 294
+ 00:15:34,804 --> 00:15:38,060
+ >> into the lives of
+ hundreds of young people
+
+ 295
+ 00:15:38,060 --> 00:15:42,260
+ whose education you
+ make possible at Beso.
+
+ 296
+ 00:15:42,260 --> 00:15:48,620
+ Thank you so much for what
+ you do and for what you are.
+
+ 297
+ 00:15:48,620 --> 00:15:51,570
+ God bless you richly.
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+ 1
+ 00:00:06,500 --> 00:00:09,525
+ Sorry. Titled his talk.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:09,525 --> 00:00:12,720
+ I come just a few days ago from
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:12,720 --> 00:00:16,080
+ the voltage Swedish Baptist
+ Church in the world.
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:16,080 --> 00:00:17,940
+ As you probably know,
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:21,765
+ there will be celebrating
+ the 20th anniversary.
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:21,765 --> 00:00:24,959
+ And as I say, the oldest
+ in the world, they know,
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:24,959 --> 00:00:26,730
+ Swedish Baptist Church
+ in Sweden that says
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:26,730 --> 00:00:30,090
+ oldest church down in Iowa.
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:30,090 --> 00:00:32,189
+ The General Conference was
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:32,189 --> 00:00:34,740
+ organized in that church.
+ Now that's interesting.
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:34,740 --> 00:00:38,324
+ You know that somebody in 1879,
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:38,324 --> 00:00:39,719
+ Agenda conference organizer to
+
+ 13
+ 00:00:39,719 --> 00:00:42,595
+ very small group of churches,
+
+ 14
+ 00:00:42,595 --> 00:00:44,330
+ not so many from the East.
+
+ 15
+ 00:00:44,330 --> 00:00:45,799
+ There were some churches
+ there, of course,
+
+ 16
+ 00:00:45,799 --> 00:00:47,030
+ but it is more in
+
+ 17
+ 00:00:47,030 --> 00:00:50,240
+ the midway and some from
+ the East met there.
+
+ 18
+ 00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:54,079
+ And we have the history in
+
+ 19
+ 00:00:54,079 --> 00:00:55,729
+ the General Conference
+ and you'll that you
+
+ 20
+ 00:00:55,729 --> 00:00:57,905
+ get every year at the conference.
+
+ 21
+ 00:00:57,905 --> 00:01:02,450
+ You have some records there
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:02,450 --> 00:01:04,250
+ until she was chairman
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:04,250 --> 00:01:07,685
+ that year and so on,
+ presiding officer.
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:07,685 --> 00:01:10,430
+ And where they met
+ two pizzas servant.
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:10,430 --> 00:01:13,489
+ Well, the very first
+ one would be that
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:13,489 --> 00:01:17,225
+ one in Lansing pilot.
+
+ 27
+ 00:01:17,225 --> 00:01:20,089
+ Now, regarding the Swedish
+ Baptist movement manner,
+
+ 28
+ 00:01:20,089 --> 00:01:24,214
+ say just talk in front of the
+ Swedish Baptist movement.
+
+ 29
+ 00:01:24,214 --> 00:01:28,565
+ >> America was like
+ the Lutheran movement.
+
+ 30
+ 00:01:28,565 --> 00:01:32,045
+ Unlike other movements
+ from Europe.
+
+ 31
+ 00:01:32,045 --> 00:01:35,420
+ They would come to America
+ because that's a new country.
+
+ 32
+ 00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:36,949
+ That so that's a silver
+
+ 33
+ 00:01:36,949 --> 00:01:38,840
+ and gold and American,
+ all of that.
+
+ 34
+ 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:40,715
+ My mother and father came.
+
+ 35
+ 00:01:40,715 --> 00:01:43,459
+ Your some of your ancestors did,
+
+ 36
+ 00:01:43,459 --> 00:01:45,320
+ Davis did and all that.
+
+ 37
+ 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:48,725
+ And sometimes they come
+ in groups from Sweden.
+
+ 38
+ 00:01:48,725 --> 00:01:53,960
+ And now my father and mother
+ came first to New York.
+
+ 39
+ 00:01:53,960 --> 00:01:56,510
+ Never met that there
+ were married and he
+
+ 40
+ 00:01:56,510 --> 00:01:59,180
+ became a Christian also,
+
+ 41
+ 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:01,940
+ but he wasn't at first
+ and they went out west
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:01,940 --> 00:02:04,175
+ and finally father homesteaders
+
+ 43
+ 00:02:04,175 --> 00:02:06,320
+ to farm in northern Kansas.
+
+ 44
+ 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:09,305
+ Here. They weren't
+ alone in that district.
+
+ 45
+ 00:02:09,305 --> 00:02:12,004
+ There's a group that
+ I come from Sweden,
+
+ 46
+ 00:02:12,004 --> 00:02:14,570
+ had been converted in Sweden.
+
+ 47
+ 00:02:14,570 --> 00:02:16,430
+ There's a book that
+ I wish I could
+
+ 48
+ 00:02:16,430 --> 00:02:17,450
+ read if you get a hold of it,
+
+ 49
+ 00:02:17,450 --> 00:02:18,605
+ the song of the roche.
+
+ 50
+ 00:02:18,605 --> 00:02:19,669
+ Maybe it's in the library,
+
+ 51
+ 00:02:19,669 --> 00:02:22,475
+ maybe not iPads to run my church.
+
+ 52
+ 00:02:22,475 --> 00:02:24,140
+ I send it to theater ambition of
+
+ 53
+ 00:02:24,140 --> 00:02:25,820
+ the covenant church,
+ a copy of it.
+
+ 54
+ 00:02:25,820 --> 00:02:29,180
+ Sum those two takes care.
+
+ 55
+ 00:02:29,180 --> 00:02:32,449
+ It presents the artistic
+ movements are with God in
+
+ 56
+ 00:02:32,449 --> 00:02:34,490
+ Sweden and they'd
+ meet and you see
+
+ 57
+ 00:02:34,490 --> 00:02:36,910
+ the state church
+ was cold and day.
+
+ 58
+ 00:02:36,910 --> 00:02:39,109
+ It was pretty much
+ dead in places,
+
+ 59
+ 00:02:39,109 --> 00:02:42,875
+ you know, and it didn't,
+ it wasn't spirits.
+
+ 60
+ 00:02:42,875 --> 00:02:45,095
+ Or even Sir Walter
+ Scott brings that out.
+
+ 61
+ 00:02:45,095 --> 00:02:48,905
+ How the power let that cathedral
+ and went to the cottage.
+
+ 62
+ 00:02:48,905 --> 00:02:52,760
+ Remember that line
+ Spencer edition said?
+
+ 63
+ 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:55,330
+ And so they organized
+
+ 64
+ 00:02:55,330 --> 00:02:57,155
+ their little church
+ in northern Kansas.
+
+ 65
+ 00:02:57,155 --> 00:03:00,065
+ Maybe 12 members,
+ maybe 40 members.
+
+ 66
+ 00:03:00,065 --> 00:03:03,950
+ Number of couples that
+ knew each other in Sweden.
+
+ 67
+ 00:03:03,950 --> 00:03:06,589
+ And there are at least I remember
+
+ 68
+ 00:03:06,589 --> 00:03:09,920
+ was when I was in
+ Sunday School there,
+
+ 69
+ 00:03:09,920 --> 00:03:12,980
+ my father taught off him
+ and and all the boys.
+
+ 70
+ 00:03:12,980 --> 00:03:15,050
+ And I was five years old.
+
+ 71
+ 00:03:15,050 --> 00:03:16,745
+ Cemetery moved away.
+
+ 72
+ 00:03:16,745 --> 00:03:18,770
+ But he was my father
+ was talking and he was
+
+ 73
+ 00:03:18,770 --> 00:03:23,090
+ just a Ernest Christian and
+ not educated and all of that,
+
+ 74
+ 00:03:23,090 --> 00:03:24,890
+ but he knew the Bible.
+
+ 75
+ 00:03:24,890 --> 00:03:26,180
+ I remember he turned to me.
+
+ 76
+ 00:03:26,180 --> 00:03:27,485
+ Henry, what do you think about
+
+ 77
+ 00:03:27,485 --> 00:03:29,990
+ that for Beth and thereby lab,
+
+ 78
+ 00:03:29,990 --> 00:03:32,960
+ because he's got the
+ humor to it to do that.
+
+ 79
+ 00:03:32,960 --> 00:03:35,315
+ I think about that.
+
+ 80
+ 00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:37,145
+ You're in this class too.
+
+ 81
+ 00:03:37,145 --> 00:03:38,900
+ And there was a pastor.
+
+ 82
+ 00:03:38,900 --> 00:03:41,330
+ His name was John JSON.
+ Whatever the Misha DJ.
+
+ 83
+ 00:03:41,330 --> 00:03:43,549
+ And they got you got $300 a year,
+
+ 84
+ 00:03:43,549 --> 00:03:46,430
+ which is a lot of
+ money things dollar
+
+ 85
+ 00:03:46,430 --> 00:03:49,609
+ than would be dollar
+ now would be 30,
+
+ 86
+ 00:03:49,609 --> 00:03:51,410
+ $40? Yes, it would be.
+
+ 87
+ 00:03:51,410 --> 00:03:54,274
+ I think you've you
+ that well, anyway,
+
+ 88
+ 00:03:54,274 --> 00:03:58,040
+ there were groups and
+ there were churches here.
+
+ 89
+ 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:01,580
+ They're organized and then
+ they would get together.
+
+ 90
+ 00:04:01,580 --> 00:04:07,455
+ And finally they organized a
+ general conference in 1879.
+
+ 91
+ 00:04:07,455 --> 00:04:09,655
+ And then the work went up.
+
+ 92
+ 00:04:09,655 --> 00:04:11,755
+ Now I press, there was no school.
+
+ 93
+ 00:04:11,755 --> 00:04:15,895
+ You know that the preachers
+ came from Sweden and
+
+ 94
+ 00:04:15,895 --> 00:04:17,710
+ they want to keep a Swedish
+ so long as they could
+
+ 95
+ 00:04:17,710 --> 00:04:20,860
+ because they couldn't
+ reach English very well.
+
+ 96
+ 00:04:20,860 --> 00:04:23,440
+ And but then among them there was
+
+ 97
+ 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:26,470
+ one young man who was
+ glories that converted.
+
+ 98
+ 00:04:26,470 --> 00:04:28,795
+ His name was that
+ lake. Sustained grin.
+
+ 99
+ 00:04:28,795 --> 00:04:31,180
+ And he saw you felt deep in
+
+ 100
+ 00:04:31,180 --> 00:04:33,250
+ his heart that he had
+ great possibilities.
+
+ 101
+ 00:04:33,250 --> 00:04:37,210
+ Otherwise, he saw
+ the need of having
+
+ 102
+ 00:04:37,210 --> 00:04:38,919
+ a training school for
+
+ 103
+ 00:04:38,919 --> 00:04:42,130
+ Pasteur's training
+ pastors for the work.
+
+ 104
+ 00:04:42,130 --> 00:04:50,189
+ But he came as a sailor boy
+ to America or something
+
+ 105
+ 00:04:50,189 --> 00:04:52,009
+ in the Swedish young people,
+
+ 106
+ 00:04:52,009 --> 00:04:54,469
+ Swedish boys all over the world,
+
+ 107
+ 00:04:54,469 --> 00:04:57,845
+ I guess they see a
+ ship, have saga.
+
+ 108
+ 00:04:57,845 --> 00:05:00,650
+ That's sweet poem that
+ everybody knows. Who should we?
+
+ 109
+ 00:05:00,650 --> 00:05:02,270
+ I remember so well that I
+
+ 110
+ 00:05:02,270 --> 00:05:03,605
+ think it's in there where it is.
+
+ 111
+ 00:05:03,605 --> 00:05:05,795
+ But this young man was restless.
+
+ 112
+ 00:05:05,795 --> 00:05:10,565
+ Maybe his name, his residency,
+
+ 113
+ 00:05:10,565 --> 00:05:12,049
+ he didn't know what's
+ the matter with
+
+ 114
+ 00:05:12,049 --> 00:05:14,330
+ him and he didn't know
+ what the recipe would be.
+
+ 115
+ 00:05:14,330 --> 00:05:15,829
+ Left would help. And then he saw
+
+ 116
+ 00:05:15,829 --> 00:05:19,820
+ a ship in the harbor.
+ That's the answer.
+
+ 117
+ 00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:22,340
+ And he made a run
+ for the shipment,
+
+ 118
+ 00:05:22,340 --> 00:05:25,339
+ got on there and actually
+ kept and it could
+
+ 119
+ 00:05:25,339 --> 00:05:27,050
+ be on there and stay on and
+
+ 120
+ 00:05:27,050 --> 00:05:29,105
+ have a job and you
+ save the seeds.
+
+ 121
+ 00:05:29,105 --> 00:05:31,025
+ Now that's your Lexus.
+
+ 122
+ 00:05:31,025 --> 00:05:32,450
+ It when we're talking
+ about elections.
+
+ 123
+ 00:05:32,450 --> 00:05:34,325
+ Abraham, marvelous person.
+
+ 124
+ 00:05:34,325 --> 00:05:37,519
+ And he didn't go through
+ just that experience,
+
+ 125
+ 00:05:37,519 --> 00:05:40,295
+ but you wanted to go sailing
+
+ 126
+ 00:05:40,295 --> 00:05:42,635
+ and there was a ship there too.
+
+ 127
+ 00:05:42,635 --> 00:05:44,195
+ And he asked his parents,
+
+ 128
+ 00:05:44,195 --> 00:05:45,800
+ got permission from
+ them and they said,
+
+ 129
+ 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:47,629
+ well, if that is what
+ you really want to do,
+
+ 130
+ 00:05:47,629 --> 00:05:49,070
+ we're not going to stop you.
+
+ 131
+ 00:05:49,070 --> 00:05:50,690
+ Pray that the Nordau
+ bless you wherever
+
+ 132
+ 00:05:50,690 --> 00:05:52,505
+ you go and take care of you.
+
+ 133
+ 00:05:52,505 --> 00:05:55,459
+ And so alexis Adrian became
+
+ 134
+ 00:05:55,459 --> 00:06:01,379
+ ish sailor boy and he's
+ sale almost seven C's
+
+ 135
+ 00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:07,250
+ the age of 15, I
+ think this was now,
+
+ 136
+ 00:06:07,250 --> 00:06:08,330
+ I like to think of it like say,
+
+ 137
+ 00:06:08,330 --> 00:06:10,790
+ ugliness, going
+ through three fires.
+
+ 138
+ 00:06:10,790 --> 00:06:13,865
+ One wish a fire when
+ you wish converted.
+
+ 139
+ 00:06:13,865 --> 00:06:15,950
+ Another which a fire of
+
+ 140
+ 00:06:15,950 --> 00:06:18,635
+ the Civil War in which
+ you had a great time.
+
+ 141
+ 00:06:18,635 --> 00:06:22,700
+ And the third was that
+ fire when Chicago Bern,
+
+ 142
+ 00:06:22,700 --> 00:06:26,390
+ almost Chicago altogether burned.
+
+ 143
+ 00:06:26,390 --> 00:06:30,560
+ But the first fire was this one.
+
+ 144
+ 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,150
+ He wasn't a Christian.
+
+ 145
+ 00:06:32,150 --> 00:06:34,010
+ He hadn't accepted
+ crashes or saver.
+
+ 146
+ 00:06:34,010 --> 00:06:36,454
+ He was living in what
+ we would call sin,
+
+ 147
+ 00:06:36,454 --> 00:06:40,100
+ and he was in New
+ York Harbor sleeping.
+
+ 148
+ 00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:43,654
+ In his book, on the
+ ship in New York Harbor
+
+ 149
+ 00:06:43,654 --> 00:06:48,005
+ >> And he had a dream.
+
+ 150
+ 00:06:48,005 --> 00:06:49,759
+ In the dream you
+ used on the way to
+
+ 151
+ 00:06:49,759 --> 00:06:51,289
+ some place of amusement,
+
+ 152
+ 00:06:51,289 --> 00:06:53,810
+ which was clearly considered sin.
+
+ 153
+ 00:06:53,810 --> 00:06:56,660
+ And he saw a fire come,
+
+ 154
+ 00:06:56,660 --> 00:07:00,665
+ come crawling along
+ toward a from the right.
+
+ 155
+ 00:07:00,665 --> 00:07:02,570
+ And the lack of it, prayer fire,
+
+ 156
+ 00:07:02,570 --> 00:07:03,994
+ but it's a mystic fire.
+
+ 157
+ 00:07:03,994 --> 00:07:05,840
+ >> And he saw it coming.
+
+ 158
+ 00:07:05,840 --> 00:07:07,250
+ And he tried his
+ best to get out of
+
+ 159
+ 00:07:07,250 --> 00:07:09,919
+ the way and but he just
+
+ 160
+ 00:07:09,919 --> 00:07:12,484
+ couldn't even outage
+ a nightmarish hadron
+
+ 161
+ 00:07:12,484 --> 00:07:14,150
+ just could move others.
+
+ 162
+ 00:07:14,150 --> 00:07:16,250
+ It's coming, it's
+ coming, it's coming.
+
+ 163
+ 00:07:16,250 --> 00:07:18,409
+ And finally he was able just it,
+
+ 164
+ 00:07:18,409 --> 00:07:21,245
+ it came and just got him
+ in the side like that.
+
+ 165
+ 00:07:21,245 --> 00:07:27,680
+ And he leaped up and it was
+ so real and he was awake now,
+
+ 166
+ 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:31,145
+ but he jumped up and he
+ bares his side to see.
+
+ 167
+ 00:07:31,145 --> 00:07:33,514
+ It is still burning. It
+ was still hot, Jesse,
+
+ 168
+ 00:07:33,514 --> 00:07:36,560
+ and he couldn't see any
+ sign of it on the body.
+
+ 169
+ 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:39,515
+ But something deeper
+ that had happened.
+
+ 170
+ 00:07:39,515 --> 00:07:42,830
+ And you read ran out on the
+ deck and the snowstorm.
+
+ 171
+ 00:07:42,830 --> 00:07:45,509
+ You've heard of John
+
+ 172
+ 00:07:45,580 --> 00:07:50,570
+ the side kick, John Wesley John.
+
+ 173
+ 00:07:50,570 --> 00:07:52,430
+ He was a slave driver.
+
+ 174
+ 00:07:52,430 --> 00:07:54,950
+ John Newton, he was converted,
+
+ 175
+ 00:07:54,950 --> 00:07:56,839
+ I believe in a
+ snowstorm on he was,
+
+ 176
+ 00:07:56,839 --> 00:07:59,329
+ he was just a simple
+ sitting saver,
+
+ 177
+ 00:07:59,329 --> 00:08:03,259
+ sinner saved and he would say in,
+
+ 178
+ 00:08:03,259 --> 00:08:05,390
+ in a snowstorm, or
+ the NYC, the ship.
+
+ 179
+ 00:08:05,390 --> 00:08:07,910
+ Well now Edwin, which a
+
+ 180
+ 00:08:07,910 --> 00:08:10,280
+ Christian and he was
+ a warm Christian.
+
+ 181
+ 00:08:10,280 --> 00:08:12,140
+ When he came back
+ home, he had preached
+
+ 182
+ 00:08:12,140 --> 00:08:14,780
+ and against a lot of page.
+
+ 183
+ 00:08:14,780 --> 00:08:16,279
+ And they send an officer to
+
+ 184
+ 00:08:16,279 --> 00:08:18,080
+ check up on what that
+ young fellow is doing.
+
+ 185
+ 00:08:18,080 --> 00:08:20,825
+ He's drawing people to
+ homes and preaching.
+
+ 186
+ 00:08:20,825 --> 00:08:22,494
+ But he listened. He
+ couldn't finding
+
+ 187
+ 00:08:22,494 --> 00:08:24,710
+ the matter that memo saying so.
+
+ 188
+ 00:08:24,710 --> 00:08:28,639
+ Well, anyway, the Civil
+ War broke out and
+
+ 189
+ 00:08:28,639 --> 00:08:32,480
+ he joined the Navy and he was
+
+ 190
+ 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:36,155
+ soon became commander a
+ battleships or warships.
+
+ 191
+ 00:08:36,155 --> 00:08:37,760
+ Was it three or five that
+
+ 192
+ 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:39,455
+ He had commanded? Different ones.
+
+ 193
+ 00:08:39,455 --> 00:08:42,184
+ You've all you, all of you
+ have heard of monitor,
+
+ 194
+ 00:08:42,184 --> 00:08:43,580
+ monitor the Civil War.
+
+ 195
+ 00:08:43,580 --> 00:08:47,345
+ The I and the Swedish
+ Jbuilder architect
+
+ 196
+ 00:08:47,345 --> 00:08:49,535
+ constructed it into
+ something new.
+
+ 197
+ 00:08:49,535 --> 00:08:51,739
+ And do you remember the
+ name of the southern ship
+
+ 198
+ 00:08:51,739 --> 00:08:53,840
+ that was coming along so strong?
+
+ 199
+ 00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:56,370
+ I was trying to think of it today
+
+ 200
+ 00:08:56,620 --> 00:08:59,540
+ with our mirror and
+ macro micro array.
+
+ 201
+ 00:08:59,540 --> 00:09:02,330
+ And the North had nothing
+ to meet that with.
+
+ 202
+ 00:09:02,330 --> 00:09:03,710
+ You know, here comes out to
+
+ 203
+ 00:09:03,710 --> 00:09:05,840
+ the DOM monitors
+ sailing along there.
+
+ 204
+ 00:09:05,840 --> 00:09:07,820
+ I saw the picture of
+ it just yesterday.
+
+ 205
+ 00:09:07,820 --> 00:09:10,310
+ I mean, I looked it
+ up and I'm done.
+
+ 206
+ 00:09:10,310 --> 00:09:12,800
+ Well, it was on that
+ that'll monitor.
+
+ 207
+ 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:14,690
+ He didn't command, but he
+ was on it at the time of
+
+ 208
+ 00:09:14,690 --> 00:09:17,585
+ the battle and somebody
+ else commanded it.
+
+ 209
+ 00:09:17,585 --> 00:09:22,460
+ And that bigger ship
+ fire, fired and hired.
+
+ 210
+ 00:09:22,460 --> 00:09:23,900
+ And I don't know how much it hit,
+
+ 211
+ 00:09:23,900 --> 00:09:26,240
+ but it is clenched off
+ of the iron there.
+
+ 212
+ 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:27,890
+ And the commander of the
+
+ 213
+ 00:09:27,890 --> 00:09:30,395
+ monetary came right back,
+ and it came right back.
+
+ 214
+ 00:09:30,395 --> 00:09:33,064
+ And the Merrimack
+ didn't stay very long,
+
+ 215
+ 00:09:33,064 --> 00:09:35,555
+ decided we'd better
+ get out of here.
+
+ 216
+ 00:09:35,555 --> 00:09:37,249
+ Well, I'm telling
+ you that to show
+
+ 217
+ 00:09:37,249 --> 00:09:41,315
+ that it was right in
+ the middle of things.
+
+ 218
+ 00:09:41,315 --> 00:09:44,315
+ And he commanded
+ several battleships.
+
+ 219
+ 00:09:44,315 --> 00:09:46,999
+ But, you know, there's
+ something deep in his heart
+
+ 220
+ 00:09:46,999 --> 00:09:50,060
+ that was more interesting
+ than the Navy.
+
+ 221
+ 00:09:50,060 --> 00:09:52,265
+ Or whenever the
+ accretion that way.
+
+ 222
+ 00:09:52,265 --> 00:09:54,860
+ So he went to the high
+ commander commoner,
+
+ 223
+ 00:09:54,860 --> 00:09:57,575
+ whoever that top was, an resign.
+
+ 224
+ 00:09:57,575 --> 00:09:59,510
+ And you said you're
+ fooling shade, can you?
+
+ 225
+ 00:09:59,510 --> 00:10:01,999
+ Foolish? You've got
+ everything that it
+
+ 226
+ 00:10:01,999 --> 00:10:05,150
+ takes to be a commander
+ battleship than the Navy,
+
+ 227
+ 00:10:05,150 --> 00:10:07,505
+ you'll become a common
+ or do you know that?
+
+ 228
+ 00:10:07,505 --> 00:10:09,350
+ Yes. That may be
+ true, that atrium,
+
+ 229
+ 00:10:09,350 --> 00:10:10,954
+ but I have a higher calling
+
+ 230
+ 00:10:10,954 --> 00:10:12,830
+ something higher fire descended,
+
+ 231
+ 00:10:12,830 --> 00:10:17,130
+ as we say somewhat
+ poetically. And he resign.
+
+ 232
+ 00:10:17,230 --> 00:10:19,760
+ And then increasingly he felt
+
+ 233
+ 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:21,680
+ the need should be a training.
+
+ 234
+ 00:10:21,680 --> 00:10:25,055
+ Swedish pastures came
+ from Sweden to America.
+
+ 235
+ 00:10:25,055 --> 00:10:26,810
+ And as long as
+ everything was Swedish,
+
+ 236
+ 00:10:26,810 --> 00:10:28,445
+ they got along pretty good.
+
+ 237
+ 00:10:28,445 --> 00:10:30,500
+ But it became worse and
+
+ 238
+ 00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:34,685
+ worse and some of them
+ didn't have much training.
+
+ 239
+ 00:10:34,685 --> 00:10:37,235
+ So there was a decision
+ under God to start
+
+ 240
+ 00:10:37,235 --> 00:10:41,190
+ a Swedish Baptist
+ seminary in Chicago.
+
+ 241
+ 00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:44,540
+ And you've heard many times,
+
+ 242
+ 00:10:44,540 --> 00:10:45,980
+ I suppose at Founders Week,
+
+ 243
+ 00:10:45,980 --> 00:10:48,679
+ that he started with one student,
+
+ 244
+ 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:51,725
+ and that student was silly.
+
+ 245
+ 00:10:51,725 --> 00:10:53,690
+ And at Founders Week that night,
+
+ 246
+ 00:10:53,690 --> 00:10:55,160
+ and there was a dedication
+
+ 247
+ 00:10:55,160 --> 00:10:57,290
+ that was a Canvas symbol
+ of the history of
+
+ 248
+ 00:10:57,290 --> 00:11:00,050
+ our school and the
+ kneeling in prayer
+
+ 249
+ 00:11:00,050 --> 00:11:03,380
+ there and so on versus Trump.
+
+ 250
+ 00:11:03,380 --> 00:11:04,520
+ They're kind of a leather is
+
+ 251
+ 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:07,264
+ there you had one student for
+
+ 252
+ 00:11:07,264 --> 00:11:11,840
+ a whole semester and
+ then another one came.
+
+ 253
+ 00:11:11,840 --> 00:11:14,090
+ I don't remember his
+ name. Maybe you do.
+
+ 254
+ 00:11:14,090 --> 00:11:17,135
+ Shall we had two students
+ that first year,
+
+ 255
+ 00:11:17,135 --> 00:11:20,555
+ but the whole thing
+ was a great struggle.
+
+ 256
+ 00:11:20,555 --> 00:11:23,810
+ The American leaders
+ were very generous to
+
+ 257
+ 00:11:23,810 --> 00:11:26,060
+ the Swedes that I was
+
+ 258
+ 00:11:26,060 --> 00:11:29,030
+ showing university for
+ awhile in the seminary.
+
+ 259
+ 00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:32,540
+ I was anxious for orientation
+ and I enjoyed it very much.
+
+ 260
+ 00:11:32,540 --> 00:11:36,650
+ But I was in the class
+ of of the son of one of
+
+ 261
+ 00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:43,085
+ the Baptists leadership
+ at the dais, good speed.
+
+ 262
+ 00:11:43,085 --> 00:11:44,810
+ Dr. good speed was one of
+
+ 263
+ 00:11:44,810 --> 00:11:47,300
+ the leaders of the American
+ Baptist that help.
+
+ 264
+ 00:11:47,300 --> 00:11:48,844
+ And there were other
+ men like that.
+
+ 265
+ 00:11:48,844 --> 00:11:50,780
+ >> And there were times when he
+
+ 266
+ 00:11:50,780 --> 00:11:51,860
+ had been married an American
+
+ 267
+ 00:11:51,860 --> 00:11:54,740
+ girl and she wasn't too
+ interested in Swedish work,
+
+ 268
+ 00:11:54,740 --> 00:11:57,935
+ but she was gracious and
+ she didn't run away.
+
+ 269
+ 00:11:57,935 --> 00:11:59,450
+ But, you know, it was difficult
+
+ 270
+ 00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:01,310
+ for her from her standpoint.
+
+ 271
+ 00:12:01,310 --> 00:12:03,410
+ And sometimes it didn't
+ have bread to eat.
+
+ 272
+ 00:12:03,410 --> 00:12:06,320
+ And you can hear
+ saying any wife would.
+
+ 273
+ 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:08,105
+ Now, why did you leave the Navy?
+
+ 274
+ 00:12:08,105 --> 00:12:09,695
+ You were getting a big salary
+
+ 275
+ 00:12:09,695 --> 00:12:10,880
+ and here we're struggling at
+
+ 276
+ 00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:11,960
+ all and nobody seems to
+
+ 277
+ 00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:13,985
+ care whether anything
+ happens or not.
+
+ 278
+ 00:12:13,985 --> 00:12:18,620
+ We can imagine or saying
+ that and that was true.
+
+ 279
+ 00:12:18,620 --> 00:12:20,329
+ And you've read
+ wreckage, I suppose,
+
+ 280
+ 00:12:20,329 --> 00:12:22,175
+ where there was just
+ about starving in it.
+
+ 281
+ 00:12:22,175 --> 00:12:25,235
+ That came some money
+ on the school.
+
+ 282
+ 00:12:25,235 --> 00:12:27,815
+ That came a few more
+ students all the time.
+
+ 283
+ 00:12:27,815 --> 00:12:30,900
+ Very few though.
+ And the thing went,
+
+ 284
+ 00:12:30,909 --> 00:12:35,540
+ >> and you may have read in
+
+ 285
+ 00:12:35,540 --> 00:12:37,099
+ seminary records here of
+
+ 286
+ 00:12:37,099 --> 00:12:40,250
+ eight Winship sort of
+ rules that he drew up.
+
+ 287
+ 00:12:40,250 --> 00:12:41,765
+ Poor association there.
+
+ 288
+ 00:12:41,765 --> 00:12:45,215
+ You remembered what one
+ rule was the nicest of all.
+
+ 289
+ 00:12:45,215 --> 00:12:46,640
+ Well, anyway, it's this.
+
+ 290
+ 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:49,820
+ He said this is the rule
+ here in the seminar.
+
+ 291
+ 00:12:49,820 --> 00:12:51,979
+ We're breathing,
+ nobody has high Lord,
+
+ 292
+ 00:12:51,979 --> 00:12:53,315
+ nobody has King,
+
+ 293
+ 00:12:53,315 --> 00:12:55,940
+ everybody has a brother
+ of everybody else.
+
+ 294
+ 00:12:55,940 --> 00:12:58,294
+ And we're working
+ together and the Lord
+
+ 295
+ 00:12:58,294 --> 00:13:01,084
+ is our Lord and we are,
+
+ 296
+ 00:13:01,084 --> 00:13:04,835
+ is whether children
+ saw that irregular.
+
+ 297
+ 00:13:04,835 --> 00:13:06,529
+ And that's one of the foundation
+
+ 298
+ 00:13:06,529 --> 00:13:08,435
+ stones that he started with.
+
+ 299
+ 00:13:08,435 --> 00:13:10,610
+ And but it's just so difficult.
+
+ 300
+ 00:13:10,610 --> 00:13:11,689
+ There were times when there was
+
+ 301
+ 00:13:11,689 --> 00:13:13,460
+ you just had to be discouraged.
+
+ 302
+ 00:13:13,460 --> 00:13:15,830
+ One time I think you
+ wrote his resignation.
+
+ 303
+ 00:13:15,830 --> 00:13:19,475
+ Many just didn't
+ descended and so on.
+
+ 304
+ 00:13:19,475 --> 00:13:23,345
+ And then his health broke down.
+
+ 305
+ 00:13:23,345 --> 00:13:25,714
+ Now I mentioned three tires,
+
+ 306
+ 00:13:25,714 --> 00:13:28,445
+ fire when he converted
+ in the dream.
+
+ 307
+ 00:13:28,445 --> 00:13:31,804
+ And the fire of the Civil War,
+
+ 308
+ 00:13:31,804 --> 00:13:34,309
+ which he went to, and
+ then the Chicago Fire,
+
+ 309
+ 00:13:34,309 --> 00:13:36,619
+ just when they gotta
+ going a little bit than
+
+ 310
+ 00:13:36,619 --> 00:13:39,545
+ the Great Chicago Fire
+ broke out and that reside,
+
+ 311
+ 00:13:39,545 --> 00:13:41,029
+ and everybody thought that, that
+
+ 312
+ 00:13:41,029 --> 00:13:42,710
+ in Chicago, Imodium sank.
+
+ 313
+ 00:13:42,710 --> 00:13:43,924
+ He stood on the steps of
+
+ 314
+ 00:13:43,924 --> 00:13:46,640
+ the old Moody Church,
+ seeing the flames.
+
+ 315
+ 00:13:46,640 --> 00:13:48,064
+ And one set to the other,
+
+ 316
+ 00:13:48,064 --> 00:13:50,060
+ this bounce, the destruction.
+
+ 317
+ 00:13:50,060 --> 00:13:53,145
+ Chicago Moody had assembled
+ some things here,
+
+ 318
+ 00:13:53,145 --> 00:13:54,949
+ but no, they said, Ed, can,
+
+ 319
+ 00:13:54,949 --> 00:13:57,770
+ I think that it green,
+
+ 320
+ 00:13:57,770 --> 00:14:00,020
+ got together some things
+
+ 321
+ 00:14:00,020 --> 00:14:02,825
+ to know what you want
+ to put a signal.
+
+ 322
+ 00:14:02,825 --> 00:14:05,419
+ And then he was going
+ across the bridge and or
+
+ 323
+ 00:14:05,419 --> 00:14:08,720
+ the Chicago River fire,
+ we're following along.
+
+ 324
+ 00:14:08,720 --> 00:14:11,899
+ And finally he got across
+ time that wouldn't
+
+ 325
+ 00:14:11,899 --> 00:14:14,270
+ have whichever you had
+ to climb through potion,
+
+ 326
+ 00:14:14,270 --> 00:14:16,250
+ whatever it was it set up there.
+
+ 327
+ 00:14:16,250 --> 00:14:17,720
+ You finally got to
+ the other side.
+
+ 328
+ 00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:20,585
+ You look me a heads
+ up, their own opinion.
+
+ 329
+ 00:14:20,585 --> 00:14:25,160
+ Just rags or my telework
+ said that you saved
+
+ 330
+ 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:31,624
+ that spirits a lesson
+ for us all that well,
+
+ 331
+ 00:14:31,624 --> 00:14:37,309
+ that was the Alexis a grid
+ he has helped broke down
+
+ 332
+ 00:14:37,309 --> 00:14:43,760
+ and he resigned and
+ he went out west.
+
+ 333
+ 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:45,709
+ And it's interesting now
+
+ 334
+ 00:14:45,709 --> 00:14:47,330
+ he's starting to
+ photographing gallery.
+
+ 335
+ 00:14:47,330 --> 00:14:49,700
+ They're picking pictures,
+ photographs from Sony.
+
+ 336
+ 00:14:49,700 --> 00:14:54,335
+ I do something. His son
+ became a great sports writer.
+
+ 337
+ 00:14:54,335 --> 00:14:59,400
+ His son may have heard
+ that and all of that.
+
+ 338
+ 00:14:59,920 --> 00:15:04,820
+ Well then the next one that
+ they call Can you tell us
+
+ 339
+ 00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:09,440
+ more about is family
+ like his wife?
+
+ 340
+ 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:14,300
+ Anything more? You
+ mentioned her or children?
+
+ 341
+ 00:15:14,300 --> 00:15:17,810
+ How many children?
+ I I I'm not sure.
+
+ 342
+ 00:15:17,810 --> 00:15:19,400
+ I'm sorry.
+
+ 343
+ 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:21,170
+ Mj Ostrom,
+
+ 344
+ 00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:22,700
+ who wrote the lives of eight
+
+ 345
+ 00:15:22,700 --> 00:15:24,980
+ when it's in your
+ library, you know that.
+
+ 346
+ 00:15:24,980 --> 00:15:27,380
+ And then if you I know
+ you don't have much time,
+
+ 347
+ 00:15:27,380 --> 00:15:28,970
+ you can do everything, but that's
+
+ 348
+ 00:15:28,970 --> 00:15:31,040
+ a complete story of
+ all the details.
+
+ 349
+ 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:34,820
+ And they were so crowded
+ per room that the
+
+ 350
+ 00:15:34,820 --> 00:15:36,800
+ little boy now I think
+ that there's all
+
+ 351
+ 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:38,780
+ these by slip with the student.
+
+ 352
+ 00:15:38,780 --> 00:15:40,505
+ When your student all strung,
+
+ 353
+ 00:15:40,505 --> 00:15:43,160
+ he left the minister sometime
+ and went into stake.
+
+ 354
+ 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:45,710
+ Weren't hostile.
+ Very wonderful man.
+
+ 355
+ 00:15:45,710 --> 00:15:47,240
+ He wrote histories and churches.
+
+ 356
+ 00:15:47,240 --> 00:15:51,319
+ And that Dr. Adrian said
+ to Mr. Austin Student,
+
+ 357
+ 00:15:51,319 --> 00:15:52,639
+ You said knife, he
+ doesn't behave,
+
+ 358
+ 00:15:52,639 --> 00:15:56,540
+ you just give him a spanking
+ is actually don't hesitate.
+
+ 359
+ 00:15:56,540 --> 00:15:58,069
+ He said When I looked into
+
+ 360
+ 00:15:58,069 --> 00:15:59,989
+ the blue eyes or that boy I could
+
+ 361
+ 00:15:59,989 --> 00:16:02,480
+ inspect it will consider
+
+ 362
+ 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:04,655
+ that story. I heard
+ him tell that.
+
+ 363
+ 00:16:04,655 --> 00:16:06,020
+ But anyway, she was just said
+
+ 364
+ 00:16:06,020 --> 00:16:09,649
+ an American edition
+ and sympathy there,
+
+ 365
+ 00:16:09,649 --> 00:16:10,730
+ there were a little
+ bit lack of it.
+
+ 366
+ 00:16:10,730 --> 00:16:12,830
+ Although she was
+ wonderful in a way
+
+ 367
+ 00:16:12,830 --> 00:16:16,144
+ that now it was not
+ strong physically,
+
+ 368
+ 00:16:16,144 --> 00:16:18,170
+ as we understand, he had
+
+ 369
+ 00:16:18,170 --> 00:16:20,615
+ struggled through so
+ much, so many hardships.
+
+ 370
+ 00:16:20,615 --> 00:16:23,105
+ And that's a long story
+ by itself, of course.
+
+ 371
+ 00:16:23,105 --> 00:16:24,605
+ And then the Civil War
+
+ 372
+ 00:16:24,605 --> 00:16:26,390
+ and then the Chicago
+ Fire and all of that.
+
+ 373
+ 00:16:26,390 --> 00:16:28,850
+ The throne in together
+ went through that.
+
+ 374
+ 00:16:28,850 --> 00:16:31,340
+ And then he has
+ helped wrote down and
+
+ 375
+ 00:16:31,340 --> 00:16:34,730
+ he went west Oakland, California.
+
+ 376
+ 00:16:34,730 --> 00:16:36,394
+ John output Ericsson,
+
+ 377
+ 00:16:36,394 --> 00:16:39,050
+ which Pashto there at the
+ time, time of his death.
+
+ 378
+ 00:16:39,050 --> 00:16:41,674
+ On No, he was brought
+
+ 379
+ 00:16:41,674 --> 00:16:43,100
+ back across the country to
+
+ 380
+ 00:16:43,100 --> 00:16:44,660
+ a general conference in Chicago.
+
+ 381
+ 00:16:44,660 --> 00:16:47,120
+ That's the last time he
+ appeared. When was that?
+
+ 382
+ 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:54,930
+ Well, 9019191, night.
+
+ 383
+ 00:16:55,060 --> 00:16:57,800
+ We came to a peak of
+
+ 384
+ 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:05,645
+ Kansas in nineteen hundred
+ nineteen hundred or 191.
+
+ 385
+ 00:17:05,645 --> 00:17:10,220
+ He moved to California in about
+ 1888 or and that's right?
+
+ 386
+ 00:17:10,220 --> 00:17:13,579
+ Yes. Yeah. Because at
+ the turn of the decade,
+
+ 387
+ 00:17:13,579 --> 00:17:15,110
+ Dr. logger Grant took over.
+
+ 388
+ 00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:16,895
+ Yes. I remember that gate.
+
+ 389
+ 00:17:16,895 --> 00:17:18,890
+ And I figure let me tell
+ you something do check.
+
+ 390
+ 00:17:18,890 --> 00:17:21,230
+ Said to my wife. I uncheck
+ on this on myself.
+
+ 391
+ 00:17:21,230 --> 00:17:24,030
+ So humbling to understand.
+
+ 392
+ 00:17:24,100 --> 00:17:26,285
+ But I don't nobody has children.
+
+ 393
+ 00:17:26,285 --> 00:17:28,909
+ I thought that boy told us
+
+ 394
+ 00:17:28,909 --> 00:17:33,335
+ about they call
+ luxuriant, who, which he?
+
+ 395
+ 00:17:33,335 --> 00:17:36,905
+ Well, he was a scholar from
+ Uppsala University in Sweden.
+
+ 396
+ 00:17:36,905 --> 00:17:39,230
+ The university, I
+ suppose you could say.
+
+ 397
+ 00:17:39,230 --> 00:17:43,025
+ And he was somehow
+ related to royal blood.
+
+ 398
+ 00:17:43,025 --> 00:17:44,389
+ That's all we'll
+ say about that will
+
+ 399
+ 00:17:44,389 --> 00:17:46,535
+ reunite related to royal blood.
+
+ 400
+ 00:17:46,535 --> 00:17:50,750
+ And it resembled hitting.
+ Firstname is gusto.
+
+ 401
+ 00:17:50,750 --> 00:17:53,029
+ And King gusto, they
+ named him got started
+
+ 402
+ 00:17:53,029 --> 00:17:56,780
+ because he's released
+ him there. I suppose.
+
+ 403
+ 00:17:56,780 --> 00:17:59,345
+ Atlas, true, you don't
+ want to spell that out,
+
+ 404
+ 00:17:59,345 --> 00:18:01,669
+ but he, he said,
+
+ 405
+ 00:18:01,669 --> 00:18:03,410
+ you know, meaning spiritually.
+
+ 406
+ 00:18:03,410 --> 00:18:05,300
+ He said to one of the classes
+
+ 407
+ 00:18:05,300 --> 00:18:06,764
+ and one of the seven students,
+
+ 408
+ 00:18:06,764 --> 00:18:08,900
+ and I've been in
+ his class, but he
+
+ 409
+ 00:18:08,900 --> 00:18:11,720
+ said he was telling about it's
+ wonderful to be in Christ.
+
+ 410
+ 00:18:11,720 --> 00:18:13,535
+ It's wonderful to
+ be a child of God.
+
+ 411
+ 00:18:13,535 --> 00:18:15,545
+ It's wonderful to have
+ him in our heart.
+
+ 412
+ 00:18:15,545 --> 00:18:18,695
+ And he said, Dick cone and
+ a blue with the desktop.
+
+ 413
+ 00:18:18,695 --> 00:18:22,490
+ Although there's King's blood
+ in these veins coursing,
+
+ 414
+ 00:18:22,490 --> 00:18:26,270
+ you said, well that was that
+ he met spirit to love it.
+
+ 415
+ 00:18:26,270 --> 00:18:28,235
+ The boys thought those
+ who knew about it.
+
+ 416
+ 00:18:28,235 --> 00:18:30,245
+ But he had a wonderful mother
+
+ 417
+ 00:18:30,245 --> 00:18:32,405
+ and she was a wonderful mother.
+
+ 418
+ 00:18:32,405 --> 00:18:35,149
+ Storage that test
+ bring out, you know,
+
+ 419
+ 00:18:35,149 --> 00:18:38,450
+ and we've asked about that.
+
+ 420
+ 00:18:38,450 --> 00:18:40,879
+ Well, I tell this
+ incident now you
+
+ 421
+ 00:18:40,879 --> 00:18:44,400
+ forgive photographer myself,
+ I never do anything.
+
+ 422
+ 00:18:45,670 --> 00:18:50,420
+ When we run the farm eggs
+ for $0.05 a dozen we sold.
+
+ 423
+ 00:18:50,420 --> 00:18:52,969
+ And my mother would sell eggs and
+
+ 424
+ 00:18:52,969 --> 00:18:56,270
+ butter and by calico
+ and coffee and sugar.
+
+ 425
+ 00:18:56,270 --> 00:19:00,079
+ Now that's the depression
+ days of the nineties. And
+
+ 426
+ 00:19:00,079 --> 00:19:02,674
+ OK, again, when he
+ came to America,
+
+ 427
+ 00:19:02,674 --> 00:19:04,445
+ I remember I was
+ talking about this
+
+ 428
+ 00:19:04,445 --> 00:19:06,709
+ and he said he wanted
+ to visit the churches,
+
+ 429
+ 00:19:06,709 --> 00:19:08,150
+ Swedish churches in America.
+
+ 430
+ 00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:10,475
+ There were scattered from
+ coast to coast by that time.
+
+ 431
+ 00:19:10,475 --> 00:19:12,920
+ And he was down to
+ Kansas and he said,
+
+ 432
+ 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:14,960
+ Oh, it was terribly
+ warm in Kansas.
+
+ 433
+ 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:17,329
+ I came into a room, there's
+ a guest and I said,
+
+ 434
+ 00:19:17,329 --> 00:19:19,729
+ Could I have a drink
+ of water is kind of
+
+ 435
+ 00:19:19,729 --> 00:19:23,795
+ our polytope and the Kaddish
+ violence he told them.
+
+ 436
+ 00:19:23,795 --> 00:19:27,979
+ But the dates, I figure this way,
+
+ 437
+ 00:19:27,979 --> 00:19:29,719
+ if you'll forgive me not mother
+
+ 438
+ 00:19:29,719 --> 00:19:31,549
+ sent he was going to come
+ in at the station at
+
+ 439
+ 00:19:31,549 --> 00:19:33,800
+ whatever hill town lottery grant
+
+ 440
+ 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:35,630
+ and coming out of our
+ little church there.
+
+ 441
+ 00:19:35,630 --> 00:19:38,780
+ And my mother and father sent
+ Albert, That's a seconds,
+
+ 442
+ 00:19:38,780 --> 00:19:40,159
+ and he was Nixon on older to
+
+ 443
+ 00:19:40,159 --> 00:19:42,515
+ my brother Alfred
+ hits. You know, AJ
+
+ 444
+ 00:19:42,515 --> 00:19:45,155
+ I was five, I
+ figured occupy them.
+
+ 445
+ 00:19:45,155 --> 00:19:47,599
+ And she sent us and
+ father sent to of
+
+ 446
+ 00:19:47,599 --> 00:19:50,960
+ course to meet logger
+ grin at the sub tree.
+
+ 447
+ 00:19:50,960 --> 00:19:52,640
+ I mean, little country
+ trained, you know,
+
+ 448
+ 00:19:52,640 --> 00:19:56,300
+ and she gave us several
+ extra sale and she said,
+
+ 449
+ 00:19:56,300 --> 00:19:57,769
+ now you voice can have
+
+ 450
+ 00:19:57,769 --> 00:20:00,350
+ this egg to sell
+ and buy candy for.
+
+ 451
+ 00:20:00,350 --> 00:20:01,850
+ Get $0.05 for genome.
+
+ 452
+ 00:20:01,850 --> 00:20:04,235
+ And so we bought candy for $0.05.
+
+ 453
+ 00:20:04,235 --> 00:20:09,020
+ Well, when we got to the station,
+
+ 454
+ 00:20:09,020 --> 00:20:10,700
+ we got to town, we
+ would got Dr. law,
+
+ 455
+ 00:20:10,700 --> 00:20:17,360
+ given he was a very stately
+ person and dignity scholar.
+
+ 456
+ 00:20:17,360 --> 00:20:19,985
+ And in Sweden, you know,
+ there's a great Git.
+
+ 457
+ 00:20:19,985 --> 00:20:25,080
+ You don't say you, they say
+ him use the third person.
+
+ 458
+ 00:20:25,540 --> 00:20:32,240
+ They use it for a little
+ bit about the new this.
+
+ 459
+ 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:33,260
+ He wants a glass of water.
+
+ 460
+ 00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:35,974
+ That means, you
+ know, third-person
+
+ 461
+ 00:20:35,974 --> 00:20:39,050
+ menu's done, I remember.
+
+ 462
+ 00:20:39,050 --> 00:20:41,670
+ And with him was August
+ Johnson, who was a missionary.
+
+ 463
+ 00:20:41,670 --> 00:20:44,359
+ Went around or salary just
+ helping the poor farmers in
+
+ 464
+ 00:20:44,359 --> 00:20:47,419
+ Western Kansas and getting
+
+ 465
+ 00:20:47,419 --> 00:20:49,415
+ what he got a brother in
+ Chicago. We helped him.
+
+ 466
+ 00:20:49,415 --> 00:20:50,660
+ He's a tailored therapy,
+
+ 467
+ 00:20:50,660 --> 00:20:53,555
+ but he was in that week
+ two when we met him.
+
+ 468
+ 00:20:53,555 --> 00:20:56,900
+ And I was I was
+
+ 469
+ 00:20:56,900 --> 00:20:58,700
+ five years old and I have
+
+ 470
+ 00:20:58,700 --> 00:21:00,890
+ had the time and forgive
+ me for saying this,
+
+ 471
+ 00:21:00,890 --> 00:21:03,740
+ but that little boy that
+
+ 472
+ 00:21:03,740 --> 00:21:06,935
+ I think is spring spring
+ bucket, we call it.
+
+ 473
+ 00:21:06,935 --> 00:21:09,140
+ I was privileged to come to
+
+ 474
+ 00:21:09,140 --> 00:21:11,150
+ the same school where
+
+ 475
+ 00:21:11,150 --> 00:21:13,745
+ Dr. long range to be the
+ dean of the seminary.
+
+ 476
+ 00:21:13,745 --> 00:21:15,640
+ We never know when
+ you see a little boy,
+
+ 477
+ 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:16,760
+ they're all better than I am.
+
+ 478
+ 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:18,710
+ And there's segments, you
+ never know what's going
+
+ 479
+ 00:21:18,710 --> 00:21:21,410
+ to become a euro.
+
+ 480
+ 00:21:21,410 --> 00:21:23,975
+ That makes the
+ difference it makes,
+
+ 481
+ 00:21:23,975 --> 00:21:26,270
+ I read that the
+ first 12 months of
+
+ 482
+ 00:21:26,270 --> 00:21:30,304
+ a baby is the most important
+ predators like it makes,
+
+ 483
+ 00:21:30,304 --> 00:21:31,640
+ it makes an impression on him.
+
+ 484
+ 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:33,470
+ That's ending whether
+ he knows it or not.
+
+ 485
+ 00:21:33,470 --> 00:21:35,810
+ And then the article said
+ that what did it say?
+
+ 486
+ 00:21:35,810 --> 00:21:38,165
+ That the father should be with
+ him as well as the mother?
+
+ 487
+ 00:21:38,165 --> 00:21:39,860
+ The father should be
+ with him half the
+
+ 488
+ 00:21:39,860 --> 00:21:42,680
+ time or the first 12 months,
+
+ 489
+ 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:44,569
+ mother the other time
+ or at the same time,
+
+ 490
+ 00:21:44,569 --> 00:21:46,625
+ it's on it's so important.
+
+ 491
+ 00:21:46,625 --> 00:21:49,280
+ Well, you know,
+
+ 492
+ 00:21:49,280 --> 00:21:51,245
+ children are important.
+ Intends to kill
+
+ 493
+ 00:21:51,245 --> 00:21:53,510
+ my daughter, Hellen,
+ whom, you know,
+
+ 494
+ 00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:54,770
+ it's just closing her work now,
+
+ 495
+ 00:21:54,770 --> 00:21:58,535
+ five years teaching the little
+ children to the church.
+
+ 496
+ 00:21:58,535 --> 00:22:00,110
+ He's done a wonderful job.
+
+ 497
+ 00:22:00,110 --> 00:22:03,079
+ So you've done a wonderful
+ job just closing these days
+
+ 498
+ 00:22:03,079 --> 00:22:06,034
+ now and she's resigning well,
+
+ 499
+ 00:22:06,034 --> 00:22:07,879
+ and she had been in that
+ work and she's loved we've
+
+ 500
+ 00:22:07,879 --> 00:22:11,119
+ got a huge well,
+
+ 501
+ 00:22:11,119 --> 00:22:18,815
+ not Lager came and the
+ Seminary was in Chicago.
+
+ 502
+ 00:22:18,815 --> 00:22:21,365
+ It had moved to different
+ places, of course,
+
+ 503
+ 00:22:21,365 --> 00:22:24,860
+ litres in St. Paul
+ awhile trumps pretty
+
+ 504
+ 00:22:24,860 --> 00:22:26,960
+ Nebraska file and
+ they're going to give
+
+ 505
+ 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:29,255
+ them some money if they'd
+ come there and all of that.
+
+ 506
+ 00:22:29,255 --> 00:22:31,745
+ But mainly in Chicago.
+
+ 507
+ 00:22:31,745 --> 00:22:33,499
+ There were three professors,
+
+ 508
+ 00:22:33,499 --> 00:22:36,680
+ Dr. logger in Dr.
+ Sandel, Dr. Hindi.
+
+ 509
+ 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:38,780
+ And there was a petition
+ there for awhile.
+
+ 510
+ 00:22:38,780 --> 00:22:42,530
+ Now the generals the American
+ bread and were very kind.
+
+ 511
+ 00:22:42,530 --> 00:22:44,630
+ There came a time when
+ they paid two with
+
+ 512
+ 00:22:44,630 --> 00:22:46,490
+ the professors and
+ the Swedish people.
+
+ 513
+ 00:22:46,490 --> 00:22:48,170
+ We paid one profession,
+
+ 514
+ 00:22:48,170 --> 00:22:49,984
+ we pay log min
+ salary, real estate,
+
+ 515
+ 00:22:49,984 --> 00:22:54,515
+ and then each of the two
+ got 50, whatever it was.
+
+ 516
+ 00:22:54,515 --> 00:22:57,170
+ And maybe Dean got more
+ of those three with
+
+ 517
+ 00:22:57,170 --> 00:23:00,170
+ the professors and everything
+ was taught in Sweden.
+
+ 518
+ 00:23:00,170 --> 00:23:02,569
+ Chip Koch Lager even
+ didn't have the
+
+ 519
+ 00:23:02,569 --> 00:23:05,420
+ efficient that
+ wouldn't go forever.
+
+ 520
+ 00:23:05,420 --> 00:23:07,190
+ He said wanted to their students,
+
+ 521
+ 00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:09,125
+ don't worry about the
+ English language.
+
+ 522
+ 00:23:09,125 --> 00:23:10,490
+ Don't try to think.
+
+ 523
+ 00:23:10,490 --> 00:23:13,520
+ You have to. You will never
+ have to preach in English.
+
+ 524
+ 00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:15,770
+ It's going to be
+ sweets all the time.
+
+ 525
+ 00:23:15,770 --> 00:23:18,185
+ He said, well, he that is
+ like a vision, you know.
+
+ 526
+ 00:23:18,185 --> 00:23:21,110
+ And finally, finally he resigned.
+
+ 527
+ 00:23:21,110 --> 00:23:22,415
+ He stayed on to long,
+
+ 528
+ 00:23:22,415 --> 00:23:25,810
+ many would say I'm membrane
+ Bethel Church, Minneapolis.
+
+ 529
+ 00:23:25,810 --> 00:23:27,290
+ He and his seminar had
+
+ 530
+ 00:23:27,290 --> 00:23:29,825
+ a commencement that
+ church that church.
+
+ 531
+ 00:23:29,825 --> 00:23:33,034
+ And my pastor WHO
+
+ 532
+ 00:23:33,034 --> 00:23:35,134
+ introduced him or
+ something and he said,
+
+ 533
+ 00:23:35,134 --> 00:23:37,340
+ Well, Dr. logging and
+ won't be with us.
+
+ 534
+ 00:23:37,340 --> 00:23:41,899
+ So very long ago that
+ login got up and he said,
+
+ 535
+ 00:23:41,899 --> 00:23:43,729
+ when it comes time to resign,
+
+ 536
+ 00:23:43,729 --> 00:23:46,140
+ it'll be either will result.
+
+ 537
+ 00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:52,069
+ But even then he had a
+ pension and he resigned
+
+ 538
+ 00:23:52,069 --> 00:23:56,420
+ then that live to the age of 75.
+
+ 539
+ 00:23:56,420 --> 00:23:59,615
+ And Qi He never use glasses.
+
+ 540
+ 00:23:59,615 --> 00:24:01,910
+ You weren't in these
+ classes with him?
+
+ 541
+ 00:24:01,910 --> 00:24:03,305
+ He never used glasses.
+
+ 542
+ 00:24:03,305 --> 00:24:05,389
+ He said to me once,
+ it's a weakness to
+
+ 543
+ 00:24:05,389 --> 00:24:07,580
+ use flash and it shows
+ that you're not all there.
+
+ 544
+ 00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:09,815
+ It's a weakness to
+ erode, less inhibited.
+
+ 545
+ 00:24:09,815 --> 00:24:11,795
+ He didn't have to use cheaper
+
+ 546
+ 00:24:11,795 --> 00:24:15,230
+ and that mattress
+ that with lowering.
+
+ 547
+ 00:24:15,230 --> 00:24:20,000
+ Now, did you did you ever
+ hear Ed Goodman Preet?
+
+ 548
+ 00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:22,399
+ You know, I missed it or I met
+
+ 549
+ 00:24:22,399 --> 00:24:25,805
+ him or when you
+ watched in Chicago,
+
+ 550
+ 00:24:25,805 --> 00:24:28,670
+ I could've gone,
+ but my mother and
+
+ 551
+ 00:24:28,670 --> 00:24:30,709
+ father thought it
+ wasn't necessarily
+
+ 552
+ 00:24:30,709 --> 00:24:32,780
+ that I go and they regret it.
+
+ 553
+ 00:24:32,780 --> 00:24:34,430
+ A lot of things. You
+ know, we spent a year
+
+ 554
+ 00:24:34,430 --> 00:24:36,140
+ in sweet mother
+ ministry children.
+
+ 555
+ 00:24:36,140 --> 00:24:38,180
+ My sister and I. She's
+ 12 and I was ten.
+
+ 556
+ 00:24:38,180 --> 00:24:40,700
+ We just went to visit
+ relatives in Sweden.
+
+ 557
+ 00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:43,279
+ And she said afterwards
+ she didn't realize how
+
+ 558
+ 00:24:43,279 --> 00:24:45,679
+ much it would mean to
+ have two years there,
+
+ 559
+ 00:24:45,679 --> 00:24:46,969
+ an excursion to stop cone,
+
+ 560
+ 00:24:46,969 --> 00:24:48,395
+ but, but we didn't go.
+
+ 561
+ 00:24:48,395 --> 00:24:51,170
+ And the same with this.
+
+ 562
+ 00:24:51,170 --> 00:24:52,999
+ Now, this is in Chicago
+ and I wanted to go,
+
+ 563
+ 00:24:52,999 --> 00:24:54,410
+ and I don't blame my parents.
+
+ 564
+ 00:24:54,410 --> 00:24:56,719
+ But they they said, well, Henry,
+
+ 565
+ 00:24:56,719 --> 00:24:59,390
+ he can be important that
+ you should go there.
+
+ 566
+ 00:24:59,390 --> 00:25:01,640
+ And that's when they
+ introduced him for
+
+ 567
+ 00:25:01,640 --> 00:25:03,410
+ the last time and it took up
+
+ 568
+ 00:25:03,410 --> 00:25:05,300
+ an offering as a gift to him.
+
+ 569
+ 00:25:05,300 --> 00:25:06,830
+ I hope it's big, but
+ I'm afraid it wasn't.
+
+ 570
+ 00:25:06,830 --> 00:25:11,915
+ Biggest. Should've is now
+ longer granted. Rushdie,
+
+ 571
+ 00:25:11,915 --> 00:25:19,685
+ and he wish she'll
+
+ 572
+ 00:25:19,685 --> 00:25:21,680
+ say that she had the
+ same lectures year
+
+ 573
+ 00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:23,089
+ after year and you know who
+
+ 574
+ 00:25:23,089 --> 00:25:24,200
+ it's easier to teach and yeah,
+
+ 575
+ 00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:26,330
+ that and they used to say,
+
+ 576
+ 00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:30,229
+ God forgive me for the paper
+ on which it was written,
+
+ 577
+ 00:25:30,229 --> 00:25:31,760
+ resume with age and oh,
+
+ 578
+ 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:34,700
+ good theology and so on.
+
+ 579
+ 00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:37,520
+ And what was it like
+ in the classroom?
+
+ 580
+ 00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:41,209
+ Well, you didn't see him
+ when he was very dignified
+
+ 581
+ 00:25:41,209 --> 00:25:43,250
+ and he was very
+ courteous to just like
+
+ 582
+ 00:25:43,250 --> 00:25:45,530
+ it should be very courteous.
+
+ 583
+ 00:25:45,530 --> 00:25:48,920
+ He said once that
+ commencement, he said,
+
+ 584
+ 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:50,630
+ now when this is over,
+
+ 585
+ 00:25:50,630 --> 00:25:54,035
+ I believe that breathe unesco
+ spring out Watergate tall.
+
+ 586
+ 00:25:54,035 --> 00:25:55,864
+ Once you, when this is over,
+
+ 587
+ 00:25:55,864 --> 00:25:56,839
+ you're going to run away and
+
+ 588
+ 00:25:56,839 --> 00:25:58,250
+ forget where you've
+ been all the time.
+
+ 589
+ 00:25:58,250 --> 00:26:03,260
+ I want all of you to come
+ up and say goodbye to me,
+
+ 590
+ 00:26:03,260 --> 00:26:08,330
+ farewell for the summer
+ in a courteous way.
+
+ 591
+ 00:26:08,330 --> 00:26:10,445
+ And they did them. But
+ he wanted to thing
+
+ 592
+ 00:26:10,445 --> 00:26:12,980
+ done right? And so on.
+
+ 593
+ 00:26:12,980 --> 00:26:15,439
+ And all the students struggling
+
+ 594
+ 00:26:15,439 --> 00:26:17,479
+ for once there two
+ or three of them,
+
+ 595
+ 00:26:17,479 --> 00:26:19,129
+ and that they shouldn't
+ have done it,
+
+ 596
+ 00:26:19,129 --> 00:26:20,750
+ but they kind of
+ start little trouble.
+
+ 597
+ 00:26:20,750 --> 00:26:23,104
+ And you went through
+ that and you said today,
+
+ 598
+ 00:26:23,104 --> 00:26:26,150
+ and I know what it is to
+ have students an uprising.
+
+ 599
+ 00:26:26,150 --> 00:26:27,350
+ Platinum, my yp, she's
+
+ 600
+ 00:26:27,350 --> 00:26:28,430
+ I don't know. I
+ don't happen to me.
+
+ 601
+ 00:26:28,430 --> 00:26:29,450
+ I could understood it.
+
+ 602
+ 00:26:29,450 --> 00:26:31,250
+ Well, those little
+ things can happen.
+
+ 603
+ 00:26:31,250 --> 00:26:33,529
+ Uc Irvine might have
+
+ 604
+ 00:26:33,529 --> 00:26:36,379
+ might have triggered
+ that. You recall
+
+ 605
+ 00:26:36,379 --> 00:26:38,540
+ Maybe he wished he would.
+
+ 606
+ 00:26:38,540 --> 00:26:40,730
+ It was always strongest theology.
+
+ 607
+ 00:26:40,730 --> 00:26:43,130
+ Now, sprite, I know about
+ strong, I think he's wonderful.
+
+ 608
+ 00:26:43,130 --> 00:26:44,900
+ Have you ever heard of
+ strong salvage? A big book.
+
+ 609
+ 00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:46,985
+ That lecture contains everything.
+
+ 610
+ 00:26:46,985 --> 00:26:50,015
+ And that Lindbergh,
+
+ 611
+ 00:26:50,015 --> 00:26:52,985
+ you remember that he was
+ kind of a insurgent.
+
+ 612
+ 00:26:52,985 --> 00:26:56,645
+ He was one of those boys
+ club it with a little bit
+
+ 613
+ 00:26:56,645 --> 00:27:00,784
+ with Dr. Lander whose
+ mission secretary,
+
+ 614
+ 00:27:00,784 --> 00:27:02,390
+ Pastor Chuck been happening.
+
+ 615
+ 00:27:02,390 --> 00:27:04,369
+ Elana, you should tell
+ us that the coffee table
+
+ 616
+ 00:27:04,369 --> 00:27:06,965
+ that NOT who was right.
+
+ 617
+ 00:27:06,965 --> 00:27:11,375
+ There was a final examination
+ and logarithm said to you,
+
+ 618
+ 00:27:11,375 --> 00:27:12,859
+ Dr. Laura, and say, do
+ you have to you have
+
+ 619
+ 00:27:12,859 --> 00:27:16,775
+ to take it over again,
+ didn't goodness.
+
+ 620
+ 00:27:16,775 --> 00:27:18,664
+ And our Landry, he was kind of it
+
+ 621
+ 00:27:18,664 --> 00:27:21,575
+ senator. He said lot-to-lot grid.
+
+ 622
+ 00:27:21,575 --> 00:27:24,635
+ You can either flip
+ me or not plugged me.
+
+ 623
+ 00:27:24,635 --> 00:27:26,465
+ I won't take it over again.
+
+ 624
+ 00:27:26,465 --> 00:27:28,205
+ Wetland mended wonderfully.
+
+ 625
+ 00:27:28,205 --> 00:27:28,730
+ Committee.
+
+ 626
+ 00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:30,470
+ He knew he's a good man
+ to go out on the field.
+
+ 627
+ 00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:32,630
+ He's a good preacher,
+ bright color.
+
+ 628
+ 00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:34,460
+ But I said there's
+
+ 629
+ 00:27:34,460 --> 00:27:36,080
+ a young children are going
+
+ 630
+ 00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:37,760
+ to end up at that coffee table.
+
+ 631
+ 00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:39,710
+ It had reached home and I
+
+ 632
+ 00:27:39,710 --> 00:27:43,130
+ thought you were inquiry
+ a courteous to to to him.
+
+ 633
+ 00:27:43,130 --> 00:27:45,140
+ He wanted you to get that better
+
+ 634
+ 00:27:45,140 --> 00:27:48,800
+ and you wouldn't submit
+ to His direction.
+
+ 635
+ 00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,770
+ He was your supervisor and said,
+
+ 636
+ 00:27:51,770 --> 00:27:54,035
+ well now kinda jump.
+
+ 637
+ 00:27:54,035 --> 00:27:55,910
+ You looked at your
+ watch and we stop here.
+
+ 638
+ 00:27:55,910 --> 00:27:58,070
+ We got the students
+ back in those days
+
+ 639
+ 00:27:58,070 --> 00:28:00,784
+ were all Greek operative rehab
+
+ 640
+ 00:28:00,784 --> 00:28:04,339
+ recalcitrant. That means
+ that when we start,
+
+ 641
+ 00:28:04,339 --> 00:28:06,019
+ we're still kinda jumping
+ out of the other sites
+
+ 642
+ 00:28:06,019 --> 00:28:08,015
+ are like how do the
+ Academy started?
+
+ 643
+ 00:28:08,015 --> 00:28:10,565
+ His brother gave me some
+ highlights to talk about.
+
+ 644
+ 00:28:10,565 --> 00:28:14,465
+ I'm shooting and I'm doing well.
+
+ 645
+ 00:28:14,465 --> 00:28:17,510
+ It was a 103 Brother.
+
+ 646
+ 00:28:17,510 --> 00:28:19,595
+ Dave said what, what
+ started as Seminary?
+
+ 647
+ 00:28:19,595 --> 00:28:21,950
+ When I started college,
+ I started the academies.
+
+ 648
+ 00:28:21,950 --> 00:28:23,540
+ Huh? That's fine.
+
+ 649
+ 00:28:23,540 --> 00:28:26,270
+ And it was a January
+ Conference in Trump's broke.
+
+ 650
+ 00:28:26,270 --> 00:28:28,130
+ We had some fine
+ churches down there.
+
+ 651
+ 00:28:28,130 --> 00:28:31,160
+ They were faithful country
+ churches, some of them.
+
+ 652
+ 00:28:31,160 --> 00:28:33,170
+ And they put to me,
+
+ 653
+ 00:28:33,170 --> 00:28:34,399
+ and they kind of cringe to
+
+ 654
+ 00:28:34,399 --> 00:28:39,125
+ give the two main aggressors
+ we'll call Sunday afternoon.
+
+ 655
+ 00:28:39,125 --> 00:28:42,964
+ One was Dr. Frank Peterson,
+
+ 656
+ 00:28:42,964 --> 00:28:45,379
+ wonderful man. And the other one
+
+ 657
+ 00:28:45,379 --> 00:28:47,360
+ was Professor Eric Dr. Erickson,
+
+ 658
+ 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:48,650
+ Dale, or the seminary.
+
+ 659
+ 00:28:48,650 --> 00:28:52,280
+ They didn't tell them what
+ to say. As I understand it.
+
+ 660
+ 00:28:52,280 --> 00:28:55,249
+ They just put them on
+ for the message and
+
+ 661
+ 00:28:55,249 --> 00:28:57,230
+ got seem to lead so that
+
+ 662
+ 00:28:57,230 --> 00:28:59,600
+ both of them took the same theme,
+
+ 663
+ 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:02,629
+ that we need an
+ educational institution
+
+ 664
+ 00:29:02,629 --> 00:29:05,569
+ in our conference to
+ receive our young people,
+
+ 665
+ 00:29:05,569 --> 00:29:07,580
+ especially those who call into
+
+ 666
+ 00:29:07,580 --> 00:29:09,980
+ Christian service,
+ where they can get
+
+ 667
+ 00:29:09,980 --> 00:29:11,269
+ not only seminary training,
+
+ 668
+ 00:29:11,269 --> 00:29:13,715
+ which we have at
+ professional coursing them.
+
+ 669
+ 00:29:13,715 --> 00:29:16,285
+ But, but wouldn't
+ it have been done?
+
+ 670
+ 00:29:16,285 --> 00:29:18,455
+ They call it the training
+ high school and college.
+
+ 671
+ 00:29:18,455 --> 00:29:20,060
+ And now the Lutherans have
+
+ 672
+ 00:29:20,060 --> 00:29:21,440
+ that another
+ denomination. I haven't.
+
+ 673
+ 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:22,580
+ And we are the poorest of all.
+
+ 674
+ 00:29:22,580 --> 00:29:25,535
+ We're a most efficient,
+ inefficient.
+
+ 675
+ 00:29:25,535 --> 00:29:28,160
+ And it shows that just went
+
+ 676
+ 00:29:28,160 --> 00:29:31,399
+ through which God led both
+ of them to just a GUI,
+
+ 677
+ 00:29:31,399 --> 00:29:35,390
+ one with the other in
+ that theme and show.
+
+ 678
+ 00:29:35,390 --> 00:29:37,099
+ They took it up and
+
+ 679
+ 00:29:37,099 --> 00:29:43,250
+ they see they wait until
+ the next year, 1993.
+
+ 680
+ 00:29:43,250 --> 00:29:44,779
+ And my brother and I was at
+
+ 681
+ 00:29:44,779 --> 00:29:46,910
+ the conference in
+ 1904 in Kansas City,
+
+ 682
+ 00:29:46,910 --> 00:29:49,055
+ Missouri, Mr. Pq and
+
+ 683
+ 00:29:49,055 --> 00:29:51,994
+ we when young people
+ are working on day two
+
+ 684
+ 00:29:51,994 --> 00:29:55,069
+ And so the next year, 194,
+
+ 685
+ 00:29:55,069 --> 00:29:57,740
+ they appointed a committee
+ to go ahead with
+
+ 686
+ 00:29:57,740 --> 00:29:59,240
+ that and they just heard
+
+ 687
+ 00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:00,420
+ the address their instructor
+
+ 688
+ 00:30:00,420 --> 00:30:01,865
+ broker, then they acted on it.
+
+ 689
+ 00:30:01,865 --> 00:30:04,625
+ They reportedly would
+ acknowledge next year,
+
+ 690
+ 00:30:04,625 --> 00:30:06,110
+ and they appointed a committee.
+
+ 691
+ 00:30:06,110 --> 00:30:11,915
+ Dr. Robert Earl was on it and
+ some of the high efficient,
+
+ 692
+ 00:30:11,915 --> 00:30:14,599
+ prominent laymen, as well
+ as some of the pasture,
+
+ 693
+ 00:30:14,599 --> 00:30:16,865
+ that they should
+ do something about
+
+ 694
+ 00:30:16,865 --> 00:30:20,960
+ or inaugurating an academy,
+
+ 695
+ 00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:23,735
+ creating an academy where
+ young people could come.
+
+ 696
+ 00:30:23,735 --> 00:30:26,060
+ Now, hundreds, a deed
+ for the academy.
+
+ 697
+ 00:30:26,060 --> 00:30:27,890
+ Well, there were several needs.
+
+ 698
+ 00:30:27,890 --> 00:30:31,579
+ A good many of
+
+ 699
+ 00:30:31,579 --> 00:30:32,749
+ our churches where in the country
+
+ 700
+ 00:30:32,749 --> 00:30:34,370
+ and didn't have a
+ high school there.
+
+ 701
+ 00:30:34,370 --> 00:30:35,989
+ You'd have to go
+ to town anyway in
+
+ 702
+ 00:30:35,989 --> 00:30:37,775
+ board to go to high school
+
+ 703
+ 00:30:37,775 --> 00:30:40,729
+ and show it be
+
+ 704
+ 00:30:40,729 --> 00:30:41,899
+ just the waveform to go to
+
+ 705
+ 00:30:41,899 --> 00:30:43,774
+ St. Paul and go to the academy,
+
+ 706
+ 00:30:43,774 --> 00:30:45,590
+ you'd have to go home anyway.
+
+ 707
+ 00:30:45,590 --> 00:30:47,014
+ And then another thing,
+
+ 708
+ 00:30:47,014 --> 00:30:48,679
+ they would have that
+ Christian Fellowship
+
+ 709
+ 00:30:48,679 --> 00:30:50,615
+ and a kind of Christian training.
+
+ 710
+ 00:30:50,615 --> 00:30:52,819
+ And basically for those who
+
+ 711
+ 00:30:52,819 --> 00:30:55,700
+ felt the goddess called him
+ into Christian service.
+
+ 712
+ 00:30:55,700 --> 00:30:58,010
+ And so that thing went
+ through phi1 into
+
+ 713
+ 00:30:58,010 --> 00:31:01,985
+ Payne Avenue Church
+ in Kansas City.
+
+ 714
+ 00:31:01,985 --> 00:31:05,075
+ In Kansas City, that was
+ they appointed a committee.
+
+ 715
+ 00:31:05,075 --> 00:31:07,159
+ That committee, I
+ think Robert Urbis,
+
+ 716
+ 00:31:07,159 --> 00:31:08,705
+ chairman. I'm not sure.
+
+ 717
+ 00:31:08,705 --> 00:31:10,910
+ And I'm sure Dr.
+ Ekstrom was on it.
+
+ 718
+ 00:31:10,910 --> 00:31:13,565
+ Pastured eggs from those
+ days you'd want to migrate.
+
+ 719
+ 00:31:13,565 --> 00:31:17,119
+ Pastures are kept
+ him at 12pm. And
+
+ 720
+ 00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:19,760
+ they appointed a
+ committee and that
+
+ 721
+ 00:31:19,760 --> 00:31:21,725
+ committee acted ones that year,
+
+ 722
+ 00:31:21,725 --> 00:31:25,040
+ 1905 to started Oh, yes.
+
+ 723
+ 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:26,360
+ The resolution. Read it.
+
+ 724
+ 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:28,234
+ They should call Dr. chord
+
+ 725
+ 00:31:28,234 --> 00:31:30,785
+ to be first-principle
+ to the academy.
+
+ 726
+ 00:31:30,785 --> 00:31:32,990
+ I haven't mentioned
+ Dr. guard before,
+
+ 727
+ 00:31:32,990 --> 00:31:35,449
+ but he was a wonderful
+ scholar and he was a
+
+ 728
+ 00:31:35,449 --> 00:31:38,480
+ wonderful Christian and his
+ life with beautiful doctor.
+
+ 729
+ 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:41,329
+ I understand that dr.
+ Gordy's just like a pawn,
+
+ 730
+ 00:31:41,329 --> 00:31:43,430
+ such a beautiful personality.
+
+ 731
+ 00:31:43,430 --> 00:31:45,350
+ What Dr. Gore came from Sweden to
+
+ 732
+ 00:31:45,350 --> 00:31:47,629
+ move to New York to Brooklyn.
+
+ 733
+ 00:31:47,629 --> 00:31:49,699
+ >> Professor hit Dean and
+ we'd later profession
+
+ 734
+ 00:31:49,699 --> 00:31:51,830
+ the Seminary. He
+ wished pasture there.
+
+ 735
+ 00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:55,190
+ They had great, reliable
+ Dr. Gore was defined clean.
+
+ 736
+ 00:31:55,190 --> 00:31:57,710
+ Yen man. I don't know what
+ happened to his father.
+
+ 737
+ 00:31:57,710 --> 00:31:59,569
+ Never heard of him,
+ but but I guess she
+
+ 738
+ 00:31:59,569 --> 00:32:01,865
+ had died early. Get
+ a wonderful mother.
+
+ 739
+ 00:32:01,865 --> 00:32:05,164
+ And he was wonderfully converted
+
+ 740
+ 00:32:05,164 --> 00:32:10,235
+ and he fed lead into Christian
+ to Christian ministry.
+
+ 741
+ 00:32:10,235 --> 00:32:13,380
+ He was small enough stature,
+
+ 742
+ 00:32:14,530 --> 00:32:18,334
+ very beautiful, rich hair,
+
+ 743
+ 00:32:18,334 --> 00:32:20,750
+ black hair, and everything
+
+ 744
+ 00:32:20,750 --> 00:32:22,400
+ about him is Dr.
+ Lander's headers.
+
+ 745
+ 00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:23,629
+ There's like a poem,
+
+ 746
+ 00:32:23,629 --> 00:32:28,050
+ perfect gentleman in every
+ way and a brilliant scholar.
+
+ 747
+ 00:32:31,689 --> 00:32:34,164
+ >> I want to say something
+ back here again if I
+
+ 748
+ 00:32:34,164 --> 00:32:36,290
+ get back to well,
+
+ 749
+ 00:32:36,290 --> 00:32:38,330
+ they in the resolution,
+
+ 750
+ 00:32:38,330 --> 00:32:41,675
+ they said codec to guard
+ to be the first-principle.
+
+ 751
+ 00:32:41,675 --> 00:32:43,670
+ Alright? Neither
+ were on bare ground.
+
+ 752
+ 00:32:43,670 --> 00:32:45,635
+ Where going to meet what
+ I'm going to started.
+
+ 753
+ 00:32:45,635 --> 00:32:47,240
+ What else are they going to do?
+
+ 754
+ 00:32:47,240 --> 00:32:48,260
+ Or they had some good men.
+
+ 755
+ 00:32:48,260 --> 00:32:50,929
+ And that committee
+ anyway they began to
+
+ 756
+ 00:32:50,929 --> 00:32:55,250
+ announce at the academy
+ would start then follow 195,
+
+ 757
+ 00:32:55,250 --> 00:32:57,920
+ fall of 195 and the helium Church
+
+ 758
+ 00:32:57,920 --> 00:32:59,060
+ Minneapolis from my brother had
+
+ 759
+ 00:32:59,060 --> 00:33:00,560
+ been for more than 50 years,
+
+ 760
+ 00:33:00,560 --> 00:33:02,539
+ essentially could precipitate
+ it and still a leader
+
+ 761
+ 00:33:02,539 --> 00:33:05,449
+ there in his pad with,
+ well, anyway, they got,
+
+ 762
+ 00:33:05,449 --> 00:33:09,004
+ they got permission to have
+ this Google in church,
+
+ 763
+ 00:33:09,004 --> 00:33:11,750
+ in Sunday School room,
+ some Bayesians, so on
+
+ 764
+ 00:33:11,750 --> 00:33:13,189
+ And of course, they started with
+
+ 765
+ 00:33:13,189 --> 00:33:15,590
+ two students like the other did,
+
+ 766
+ 00:33:15,590 --> 00:33:17,870
+ because the other day and anyway,
+
+ 767
+ 00:33:17,870 --> 00:33:19,955
+ the first graduation, I
+ had just two Student.
+
+ 768
+ 00:33:19,955 --> 00:33:22,460
+ One went to the ministry
+
+ 769
+ 00:33:22,460 --> 00:33:24,005
+ and the other went
+ back to farming.
+
+ 770
+ 00:33:24,005 --> 00:33:25,880
+ And I've always thought
+ of those two as
+
+ 771
+ 00:33:25,880 --> 00:33:27,289
+ representing the kinda work
+
+ 772
+ 00:33:27,289 --> 00:33:28,940
+ that this group doing right here.
+
+ 773
+ 00:33:28,940 --> 00:33:31,114
+ Now some are going
+ to be layman here,
+
+ 774
+ 00:33:31,114 --> 00:33:32,885
+ you're going to be
+ Christian layman.
+
+ 775
+ 00:33:32,885 --> 00:33:35,149
+ Some of you who are
+ students here and some are
+
+ 776
+ 00:33:35,149 --> 00:33:37,250
+ going at the ministry
+ and the college,
+
+ 777
+ 00:33:37,250 --> 00:33:39,784
+ especially ministers
+ to both kind we need,
+
+ 778
+ 00:33:39,784 --> 00:33:41,285
+ we need lame and knowledge more
+
+ 779
+ 00:33:41,285 --> 00:33:42,530
+ Christian than we administer.
+
+ 780
+ 00:33:42,530 --> 00:33:45,515
+ Sometimes we think, well
+ anyway, the first graduate,
+
+ 781
+ 00:33:45,515 --> 00:33:47,239
+ but they were there
+ three years before they
+
+ 782
+ 00:33:47,239 --> 00:33:51,169
+ graduate and they fused to,
+
+ 783
+ 00:33:51,169 --> 00:33:52,760
+ well, they said We need a whole,
+
+ 784
+ 00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:54,230
+ we need a home of our own.
+
+ 785
+ 00:33:54,230 --> 00:33:56,345
+ Shall we do? Where shall we go?
+
+ 786
+ 00:33:56,345 --> 00:33:58,879
+ Rather to men and
+ Payne Avenue Church,
+
+ 787
+ 00:33:58,879 --> 00:34:00,800
+ Saint Paul one gave
+
+ 788
+ 00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:03,529
+ $5 thousand to start
+
+ 789
+ 00:34:03,529 --> 00:34:06,350
+ the building of an
+ academy. It cost eight.
+
+ 790
+ 00:34:06,350 --> 00:34:09,590
+ Finally, I guess the
+ other one was a builder.
+
+ 791
+ 00:34:09,590 --> 00:34:12,095
+ He put it up he was
+ contracted to put it up.
+
+ 792
+ 00:34:12,095 --> 00:34:13,610
+ Public beach company too.
+
+ 793
+ 00:34:13,610 --> 00:34:15,980
+ And so that's on
+ character and St. Anthony
+
+ 794
+ 00:34:15,980 --> 00:34:18,859
+ part Carter Avenue
+ and comb avenue,
+
+ 795
+ 00:34:18,859 --> 00:34:20,840
+ that building is still there
+
+ 796
+ 00:34:20,840 --> 00:34:24,860
+ and it was a wonderful time
+ when they moved into that
+
+ 797
+ 00:34:24,860 --> 00:34:26,884
+ and shed dished out
+ when building I want to
+
+ 798
+ 00:34:26,884 --> 00:34:29,630
+ describe that building
+ upstairs where
+
+ 799
+ 00:34:29,630 --> 00:34:32,659
+ 313 small rooms and
+
+ 800
+ 00:34:32,659 --> 00:34:36,020
+ then a washroom at the
+ end, bathroom or so on.
+
+ 801
+ 00:34:36,020 --> 00:34:40,144
+ And those rooms in each one
+ of those rooms to student,
+
+ 802
+ 00:34:40,144 --> 00:34:41,750
+ two boys would stay.
+
+ 803
+ 00:34:41,750 --> 00:34:45,110
+ And they used to say that
+ they couldn't couldn't chain.
+
+ 804
+ 00:34:45,110 --> 00:34:47,030
+ They had to go outside
+ to change their minds.
+
+ 805
+ 00:34:47,030 --> 00:34:49,820
+ You heard so small,
+
+ 806
+ 00:34:49,820 --> 00:34:51,215
+ but there's a bit there and
+
+ 807
+ 00:34:51,215 --> 00:34:53,420
+ maybe a couple little
+ desk or something.
+
+ 808
+ 00:34:53,420 --> 00:34:57,650
+ And that little building
+ was very efficient.
+
+ 809
+ 00:34:57,650 --> 00:35:00,290
+ Bethel Academy became famous
+ all around the neighborhood.
+
+ 810
+ 00:35:00,290 --> 00:35:02,989
+ Their student who refined to and
+
+ 811
+ 00:35:02,989 --> 00:35:05,795
+ then on the first floor over
+ three recitation rooms.
+
+ 812
+ 00:35:05,795 --> 00:35:07,909
+ And then they're reading
+ room and then the kind of
+
+ 813
+ 00:35:07,909 --> 00:35:10,730
+ private office for the
+ for the principal.
+
+ 814
+ 00:35:10,730 --> 00:35:18,240
+ And then the basement was a
+ kitchen and a dining room and
+
+ 815
+ 00:35:19,480 --> 00:35:23,030
+ washroom and what else?
+
+ 816
+ 00:35:23,030 --> 00:35:27,499
+ Basement. They had a
+ steward, the body club,
+
+ 817
+ 00:35:27,499 --> 00:35:29,449
+ and they would go up
+ the country around,
+
+ 818
+ 00:35:29,449 --> 00:35:31,070
+ I Santa Cambridge around and get
+
+ 819
+ 00:35:31,070 --> 00:35:33,590
+ things for nothing
+ from the machine up.
+
+ 820
+ 00:35:33,590 --> 00:35:35,885
+ Things that are potatoes
+ and all of that.
+
+ 821
+ 00:35:35,885 --> 00:35:37,910
+ And I remember one year
+
+ 822
+ 00:35:37,910 --> 00:35:40,580
+ and they run the
+ boarding time themself.
+
+ 823
+ 00:35:40,580 --> 00:35:46,160
+ I remember one year they
+ meals average $0.11 a meal.
+
+ 824
+ 00:35:46,160 --> 00:35:48,230
+ There's the good old
+ days, $0.11 a meal.
+
+ 825
+ 00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:49,490
+ And they've got some for nothing.
+
+ 826
+ 00:35:49,490 --> 00:35:55,295
+ And then they they
+ paid $10 a month.
+
+ 827
+ 00:35:55,295 --> 00:35:58,610
+ Well, Dr. guard was a
+ first-principle Nonaka.
+
+ 828
+ 00:35:58,610 --> 00:36:00,859
+ See him yet come walking down
+
+ 829
+ 00:36:00,859 --> 00:36:02,600
+ carter avenue for Mish.
+
+ 830
+ 00:36:02,600 --> 00:36:04,820
+ Hello, happy block up there.
+
+ 831
+ 00:36:04,820 --> 00:36:08,165
+ He wished to perfect gentleman.
+
+ 832
+ 00:36:08,165 --> 00:36:11,030
+ It was spiritual
+ to the nth degree.
+
+ 833
+ 00:36:11,030 --> 00:36:16,610
+ And then my brother came there
+ to teach in 1927 or eight.
+
+ 834
+ 00:36:16,610 --> 00:36:21,170
+ And I came there in 1987.
+
+ 835
+ 00:36:21,170 --> 00:36:22,579
+ And I came in 1910,
+
+ 836
+ 00:36:22,579 --> 00:36:24,140
+ figured out along radiation.
+
+ 837
+ 00:36:24,140 --> 00:36:28,790
+ I came in 1910 and I took
+ over as best I could think.
+
+ 838
+ 00:36:28,790 --> 00:36:32,390
+ English department, really
+ good to paste. I English.
+
+ 839
+ 00:36:32,390 --> 00:36:34,760
+ Nice College couple.
+ Washington University.
+
+ 840
+ 00:36:34,760 --> 00:36:36,109
+ Kathy I with
+
+ 841
+ 00:36:36,109 --> 00:36:38,464
+ University of Minnesota a
+ great deal of the time.
+
+ 842
+ 00:36:38,464 --> 00:36:40,205
+ >> And then elsewhere too.
+
+ 843
+ 00:36:40,205 --> 00:36:42,680
+ Well, anyway, the
+ students repeatedly,
+
+ 844
+ 00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:44,269
+ there were 18 students
+ than they were
+
+ 845
+ 00:36:44,269 --> 00:36:47,120
+ 22 and then there
+ were 39. We had it.
+
+ 846
+ 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:49,820
+ And finally, when we moved away,
+
+ 847
+ 00:36:49,820 --> 00:36:55,280
+ my brother guard
+ resigned in 1914.
+
+ 848
+ 00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:57,229
+ He was there from
+
+ 849
+ 00:36:57,229 --> 00:37:00,170
+ 195 to nine that's nine years,
+ if that if that's right.
+
+ 850
+ 00:37:00,170 --> 00:37:02,240
+ But you see, he had
+ prepared for the ministry.
+
+ 851
+ 00:37:02,240 --> 00:37:04,715
+ He had studied gotta
+ ductus Luther Seminary.
+
+ 852
+ 00:37:04,715 --> 00:37:07,175
+ And he studied another colleague,
+ distinguished scholar.
+
+ 853
+ 00:37:07,175 --> 00:37:08,870
+ He was brilliant and
+
+ 854
+ 00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:10,700
+ he felt that he trained
+ for the pasture it
+
+ 855
+ 00:37:10,700 --> 00:37:12,079
+ and and not to be pens but
+
+ 856
+ 00:37:12,079 --> 00:37:14,990
+ an academy though he
+ didn't paperwork there.
+
+ 857
+ 00:37:14,990 --> 00:37:17,570
+ Nobody was there. Then he
+
+ 858
+ 00:37:17,570 --> 00:37:20,239
+ was called to New York.
+ He was in New York,
+
+ 859
+ 00:37:20,239 --> 00:37:23,464
+ >> wash my church there and,
+
+ 860
+ 00:37:23,464 --> 00:37:25,940
+ and then other churches
+ there and East.
+
+ 861
+ 00:37:25,940 --> 00:37:27,665
+ And that was his love.
+
+ 862
+ 00:37:27,665 --> 00:37:29,570
+ And when he was, later on,
+
+ 863
+ 00:37:29,570 --> 00:37:30,770
+ I'll just mentioned quickly,
+
+ 864
+ 00:37:30,770 --> 00:37:33,215
+ when they calling back
+ to their Seminary,
+
+ 865
+ 00:37:33,215 --> 00:37:37,205
+ they almost competitive
+ become Dr. Robert URL.
+
+ 866
+ 00:37:37,205 --> 00:37:40,175
+ This district takes a jump
+ ahead, not for a moment.
+
+ 867
+ 00:37:40,175 --> 00:37:43,115
+ Later on they calling back
+ to be dean of the seminary.
+
+ 868
+ 00:37:43,115 --> 00:37:45,110
+ And he felt the pastured
+ residual work because
+
+ 869
+ 00:37:45,110 --> 00:37:47,030
+ you have to be careful and rub.
+
+ 870
+ 00:37:47,030 --> 00:37:49,520
+ And Robert or went
+ to that church.
+
+ 871
+ 00:37:49,520 --> 00:37:52,669
+ Dr. Haig stone was there and they
+
+ 872
+ 00:37:52,669 --> 00:37:54,349
+ urge the church to release
+
+ 873
+ 00:37:54,349 --> 00:37:57,260
+ him and he didn't wanna
+ go, what would you do?
+
+ 874
+ 00:37:57,260 --> 00:37:59,390
+ They said now there's,
+ there's wonderful work.
+
+ 875
+ 00:37:59,390 --> 00:38:02,480
+ This is training in
+ men and this dish is
+
+ 876
+ 00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:05,900
+ more important than the
+ bastard, yes or no.
+
+ 877
+ 00:38:05,900 --> 00:38:08,090
+ And Gordon, you want
+ to go but he couldn't.
+
+ 878
+ 00:38:08,090 --> 00:38:11,900
+ He just couldn't get over
+ their opposition to a stain.
+
+ 879
+ 00:38:11,900 --> 00:38:13,609
+ You might see it
+ that way. He loved
+
+ 880
+ 00:38:13,609 --> 00:38:15,260
+ administrate and they loved him.
+
+ 881
+ 00:38:15,260 --> 00:38:16,549
+ We came to the chip Greg,
+
+ 882
+ 00:38:16,549 --> 00:38:19,700
+ he was and one woman who
+ was pasture and weird
+
+ 883
+ 00:38:19,700 --> 00:38:22,910
+ and I was there and
+ one woman said to me,
+
+ 884
+ 00:38:22,910 --> 00:38:24,635
+ oh, you should have.
+ You should have been.
+
+ 885
+ 00:38:24,635 --> 00:38:27,020
+ In those days, it was
+ Dr. gourd pastor.
+
+ 886
+ 00:38:27,020 --> 00:38:28,610
+ If it's just a wonderful she kept
+
+ 887
+ 00:38:28,610 --> 00:38:30,320
+ saying just so wonderful person,
+
+ 888
+ 00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:31,910
+ wonderfully, she could say
+
+ 889
+ 00:38:31,910 --> 00:38:35,015
+ the word so wonderful
+ when gardeners here.
+
+ 890
+ 00:38:35,015 --> 00:38:37,520
+ When I was called away
+ from that to be principal,
+
+ 891
+ 00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:39,694
+ to be dean of the seminary that
+
+ 892
+ 00:38:39,694 --> 00:38:42,215
+ others have to we're going
+ to be got going that way.
+
+ 893
+ 00:38:42,215 --> 00:38:44,735
+ But to, Well then,
+
+ 894
+ 00:38:44,735 --> 00:38:48,350
+ now then the two schools united.
+
+ 895
+ 00:38:48,350 --> 00:38:50,614
+ The seminary in Chicago,
+
+ 896
+ 00:38:50,614 --> 00:38:53,885
+ which move by the January
+ Conference to St. Paul
+
+ 897
+ 00:38:53,885 --> 00:38:58,190
+ and the academy and
+ disseminate where to unite.
+
+ 898
+ 00:38:58,190 --> 00:39:01,125
+ They required only academy
+ education to enter it.
+
+ 899
+ 00:39:01,125 --> 00:39:03,470
+ In fact, they took them at
+ first from the eighth grade.
+
+ 900
+ 00:39:03,470 --> 00:39:04,850
+ It came from Sweden.
+
+ 901
+ 00:39:04,850 --> 00:39:07,940
+ And they didn't require
+ much if they knew the Lord
+
+ 902
+ 00:39:07,940 --> 00:39:09,800
+ and wanted to give
+ me subduing him and
+
+ 903
+ 00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:11,960
+ had some ability and
+ there were good pasture,
+
+ 904
+ 00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:13,415
+ say preach a gospel.
+
+ 905
+ 00:39:13,415 --> 00:39:15,560
+ And so Guard resigned in
+
+ 906
+ 00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:16,880
+ 1914 and went to
+
+ 907
+ 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:18,890
+ New York as pasture
+ unto the church at him.
+
+ 908
+ 00:39:18,890 --> 00:39:23,250
+ And then he was called back
+ as Dean later and so on.
+
+ 909
+ 00:39:24,760 --> 00:39:28,189
+ Now let me close with something
+
+ 910
+ 00:39:28,189 --> 00:39:30,800
+ else about ingrain digest
+ slipped my mind him talking.
+
+ 911
+ 00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:34,564
+ So Patch eight Green was
+ a brilliant scholar,
+
+ 912
+ 00:39:34,564 --> 00:39:37,100
+ he was a scientific mind.
+
+ 913
+ 00:39:37,100 --> 00:39:39,680
+ He traveled much as a saver.
+
+ 914
+ 00:39:39,680 --> 00:39:42,770
+ And it also says in his
+ book, and I think I'm right,
+
+ 915
+ 00:39:42,770 --> 00:39:46,475
+ that he knew 32
+ languages somewhat,
+
+ 916
+ 00:39:46,475 --> 00:39:49,805
+ but he could speak
+ fluently 16 languages.
+
+ 917
+ 00:39:49,805 --> 00:39:51,994
+ Now there's a mind for you,
+
+ 918
+ 00:39:51,994 --> 00:39:55,040
+ and I told you about the
+ commoners saying to him,
+
+ 919
+ 00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:56,119
+ the head of the navy said,
+
+ 920
+ 00:39:56,119 --> 00:39:57,695
+ you're, you're making a mistake.
+
+ 921
+ 00:39:57,695 --> 00:39:59,749
+ You futures before you,
+
+ 922
+ 00:39:59,749 --> 00:40:02,210
+ a glowing future,
+ all your ability.
+
+ 923
+ 00:40:02,210 --> 00:40:03,560
+ I have another call, sir.
+
+ 924
+ 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:05,555
+ Thank you. But I
+ have another call.
+
+ 925
+ 00:40:05,555 --> 00:40:08,600
+ And you've heard of
+ the Rosetta Stone.
+
+ 926
+ 00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:11,780
+ That was another stone
+ like the Rosetta Stone.
+
+ 927
+ 00:40:11,780 --> 00:40:13,340
+ I forget what they call it.
+
+ 928
+ 00:40:13,340 --> 00:40:15,439
+ And the scientists were
+
+ 929
+ 00:40:15,439 --> 00:40:19,970
+ just were not agreed on some
+ of the interpretation there.
+
+ 930
+ 00:40:19,970 --> 00:40:23,675
+ And they heard of Dr. Adrian,
+
+ 931
+ 00:40:23,675 --> 00:40:27,559
+ he had a miraculous mine
+
+ 932
+ 00:40:27,559 --> 00:40:31,009
+ he did had and just
+ think his body was,
+
+ 933
+ 00:40:31,009 --> 00:40:33,365
+ was, was strong and all
+ these troubles paying.
+
+ 934
+ 00:40:33,365 --> 00:40:36,770
+ And so they sent it
+ to Dr. Adrian for
+
+ 935
+ 00:40:36,770 --> 00:40:38,810
+ his interpretation and he
+
+ 936
+ 00:40:38,810 --> 00:40:41,510
+ gave them his interpretation
+ and they accepted it.
+
+ 937
+ 00:40:41,510 --> 00:40:44,570
+ And they got together on they
+ took his they accepted it.
+
+ 938
+ 00:40:44,570 --> 00:40:47,705
+ Put that with no Hudson
+ Austin's book, I'm sure.
+
+ 939
+ 00:40:47,705 --> 00:40:52,894
+ So on this quantum
+ artists to yes,
+
+ 940
+ 00:40:52,894 --> 00:40:55,310
+ he was an artist from you
+
+ 941
+ 00:40:55,310 --> 00:40:58,070
+ and that we've had
+ in the old seminary.
+
+ 942
+ 00:40:58,070 --> 00:40:59,510
+ I don't have any here now.
+
+ 943
+ 00:40:59,510 --> 00:41:01,459
+ Painting that he had
+ made that had been
+
+ 944
+ 00:41:01,459 --> 00:41:04,790
+ made and it can just do
+ that for recreation.
+
+ 945
+ 00:41:04,790 --> 00:41:06,800
+ Edwin? Oh, yeah.
+
+ 946
+ 00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:10,025
+ There are others that
+ are still in existence.
+
+ 947
+ 00:41:10,025 --> 00:41:13,550
+ Human persons up his paintings
+ though we have to push,
+
+ 948
+ 00:41:13,550 --> 00:41:15,245
+ will be somewhere
+ around or maybe more.
+
+ 949
+ 00:41:15,245 --> 00:41:17,269
+ Yes, there and I'm going to
+
+ 950
+ 00:41:17,269 --> 00:41:19,910
+ restore it and framed properly.
+
+ 951
+ 00:41:19,910 --> 00:41:21,830
+ I was in a home in California
+
+ 952
+ 00:41:21,830 --> 00:41:23,750
+ and staying as guest overnight.
+
+ 953
+ 00:41:23,750 --> 00:41:26,465
+ And in Oakland, I
+ guess it was because
+
+ 954
+ 00:41:26,465 --> 00:41:28,399
+ the church needs to be
+
+ 955
+ 00:41:28,399 --> 00:41:30,410
+ there and he had a
+ painting issues.
+
+ 956
+ 00:41:30,410 --> 00:41:35,135
+ Just painting was made by
+ a DC-10 said and I got it.
+
+ 957
+ 00:41:35,135 --> 00:41:38,629
+ I think Peter when he said he'd
+
+ 958
+ 00:41:38,629 --> 00:41:40,400
+ been had it there and he didn't
+
+ 959
+ 00:41:40,400 --> 00:41:42,170
+ seem to need to try
+ anything like that.
+
+ 960
+ 00:41:42,170 --> 00:41:44,660
+ And he said could I thought
+ that could I buy that?
+
+ 961
+ 00:41:44,660 --> 00:41:48,620
+ Dr. Edgar Paraview and
+ they'd go ahead and take it.
+
+ 962
+ 00:41:48,620 --> 00:41:51,559
+ He says, I want anonymous
+ either with Hamas or whether it
+
+ 963
+ 00:41:51,559 --> 00:41:56,330
+ touches up s'mores has gotten
+ so they're able to $5.
+
+ 964
+ 00:41:56,330 --> 00:41:58,190
+ Just gave him the picture.
+
+ 965
+ 00:41:58,190 --> 00:41:59,960
+ You see? Yes, it was an artist.
+
+ 966
+ 00:41:59,960 --> 00:42:01,700
+ And what else can
+ you say about him?
+
+ 967
+ 00:42:01,700 --> 00:42:03,244
+ That he was, he was,
+
+ 968
+ 00:42:03,244 --> 00:42:05,584
+ he was a marvelous mine
+
+ 969
+ 00:42:05,584 --> 00:42:11,040
+ >> and yet make like this
+ will start on the other side.
+
+ 970
+ 00:43:20,740 --> 00:43:22,979
+ Yes,
+
+ 971
+ 00:43:39,610 --> 00:43:41,969
+ you see
+
+ 972
+ 00:44:00,430 --> 00:44:01,669
+ these
+
+ 973
+ 00:44:01,669 --> 00:44:02,820
+ two
+
+ 974
+ 00:44:10,630 --> 00:44:12,485
+ verses
+
+ 975
+ 00:44:12,485 --> 00:44:23,640
+ on this side?
+
+ 976
+ 00:44:59,770 --> 00:45:01,949
+ Hi,
+
+ 977
+ 00:45:51,340 --> 00:45:53,730
+ yes.
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+ 1
+ 00:00:04,500 --> 00:00:08,930
+ I think it's time for
+ us to begin today.
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:12,210 --> 00:00:14,364
+ In the next couple of weeks,
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:14,364 --> 00:00:15,639
+ we are going to be
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:15,639 --> 00:00:18,519
+ shifting gears in the
+ class and looking
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:18,519 --> 00:00:22,149
+ specific areas of the world and
+
+ 6
+ 00:00:22,149 --> 00:00:25,300
+ using them as case studies to
+ test some of the biblical,
+
+ 7
+ 00:00:25,300 --> 00:00:27,790
+ theological and historical study
+
+ 8
+ 00:00:27,790 --> 00:00:29,440
+ of mission that we have had up to
+
+ 9
+ 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:36,430
+ this in your textbook that came.
+
+ 10
+ 00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:40,075
+ What you will be reading
+
+ 11
+ 00:00:40,075 --> 00:00:41,440
+ in the tale about
+
+ 12
+ 00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:44,880
+ a variety of mission
+ areas in the world.
+
+ 13
+ 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:49,130
+ Michael Caine has pulled together
+
+ 14
+ 00:00:49,130 --> 00:00:51,769
+ the most recent
+ compilation of what is
+
+ 15
+ 00:00:51,769 --> 00:00:55,370
+ going on in the world mission.
+
+ 16
+ 00:00:55,370 --> 00:00:57,800
+ It's not exciting reading,
+
+ 17
+ 00:00:57,800 --> 00:00:59,990
+ except if you happen
+ to be particularly
+
+ 18
+ 00:00:59,990 --> 00:01:02,945
+ interested in one area
+ of the world or other.
+
+ 19
+ 00:01:02,945 --> 00:01:08,419
+ There's a great
+ collection of data names,
+
+ 20
+ 00:01:08,419 --> 00:01:10,730
+ dates, and so on.
+
+ 21
+ 00:01:10,730 --> 00:01:13,099
+ But you should be
+ familiar with what's
+
+ 22
+ 00:01:13,099 --> 00:01:14,840
+ going on around the world.
+
+ 23
+ 00:01:14,840 --> 00:01:17,330
+ And cane fills in all
+ the gaps which we would
+
+ 24
+ 00:01:17,330 --> 00:01:20,840
+ possibly be able to
+ capture here in class.
+
+ 25
+ 00:01:20,840 --> 00:01:23,384
+ And I encourage you
+ to read that and
+
+ 26
+ 00:01:23,384 --> 00:01:26,944
+ read it carefully because
+
+ 27
+ 00:01:26,944 --> 00:01:29,120
+ for your own education,
+
+ 28
+ 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:30,649
+ ought to be aware of what
+
+ 29
+ 00:01:30,649 --> 00:01:34,055
+ the Christian church is
+ doing throughout the world.
+
+ 30
+ 00:01:34,055 --> 00:01:35,360
+ Not only in terms of
+
+ 31
+ 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:37,879
+ missionaries that we
+ sent from America,
+
+ 32
+ 00:01:37,879 --> 00:01:39,500
+ but in terms of many of
+
+ 33
+ 00:01:39,500 --> 00:01:41,929
+ the indigenous
+ movements and so on,
+
+ 34
+ 00:01:41,929 --> 00:01:44,840
+ around the world are
+ some exciting stories of
+
+ 35
+ 00:01:44,840 --> 00:01:46,850
+ what is happening
+ in the Church of
+
+ 36
+ 00:01:46,850 --> 00:01:49,370
+ Jesus Christ in many
+ areas of the world.
+
+ 37
+ 00:01:49,370 --> 00:01:51,530
+ And I'm a little frightened by
+
+ 38
+ 00:01:51,530 --> 00:01:54,200
+ the present trend
+ within our own country,
+
+ 39
+ 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:56,915
+ particularly among the
+ younger generations.
+
+ 40
+ 00:01:56,915 --> 00:02:00,049
+ Now kind of Neil,
+ isolationism in America,
+
+ 41
+ 00:02:00,049 --> 00:02:02,329
+ which subtracts us from
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:02,329 --> 00:02:06,395
+ our involvement are places
+ in the world, Latin America.
+
+ 43
+ 00:02:06,395 --> 00:02:09,169
+ We see it in our foreign policy
+
+ 44
+ 00:02:09,169 --> 00:02:13,670
+ of the Cries about arc one
+ policy from groups in America.
+
+ 45
+ 00:02:13,670 --> 00:02:17,345
+ And many of these voices
+ are the voices of beyond.
+
+ 46
+ 00:02:17,345 --> 00:02:19,940
+ I hope that you
+ aren't captivated,
+
+ 47
+ 00:02:19,940 --> 00:02:23,990
+ at least in terms of your
+ Christian outlook by this neil,
+
+ 48
+ 00:02:23,990 --> 00:02:29,975
+ isolationism, exciting things
+ going on in the world.
+
+ 49
+ 00:02:29,975 --> 00:02:32,660
+ Are not those going
+ on in America?
+
+ 50
+ 00:02:32,660 --> 00:02:35,180
+ Many things in other
+ parts of the world.
+
+ 51
+ 00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:36,935
+ And I want you to be
+ familiar with those.
+
+ 52
+ 00:02:36,935 --> 00:02:39,905
+ That's the reason
+ for your reading?
+
+ 53
+ 00:02:39,905 --> 00:02:44,690
+ K? I'm well aware from
+ my own reading it
+
+ 54
+ 00:02:44,690 --> 00:02:48,589
+ came that in some instances
+
+ 55
+ 00:02:48,589 --> 00:02:51,539
+ not going to be heavily
+ stimulate others. You, well,
+
+ 56
+ 00:02:51,539 --> 00:02:55,315
+ I want you to read it unless
+ in class we are going
+
+ 57
+ 00:02:55,315 --> 00:02:58,974
+ to be zeroing in on a series
+
+ 58
+ 00:02:58,974 --> 00:03:04,900
+ of particular areas
+ of the world in
+
+ 59
+ 00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:07,569
+ an attempt to see in a case study
+
+ 60
+ 00:03:07,569 --> 00:03:11,530
+ some of the larger implications
+ of mission study itself.
+
+ 61
+ 00:03:11,530 --> 00:03:14,620
+ For example, this time Friday,
+
+ 62
+ 00:03:14,620 --> 00:03:19,165
+ I hope to look at one or
+ two specific areas in Asia.
+
+ 63
+ 00:03:19,165 --> 00:03:22,659
+ Next Wednesday, I
+ wanted to do the same
+
+ 64
+ 00:03:22,659 --> 00:03:26,725
+ with one or two particular
+ countries in Africa.
+
+ 65
+ 00:03:26,725 --> 00:03:29,980
+ That following Friday, I've
+
+ 66
+ 00:03:29,980 --> 00:03:34,229
+ invited Charlie D1,
+ Chippewa Indian
+
+ 67
+ 00:03:34,229 --> 00:03:36,769
+ To come to focus in on
+
+ 68
+ 00:03:36,769 --> 00:03:40,579
+ mission the Christian church
+ within the Indian community,
+
+ 69
+ 00:03:40,579 --> 00:03:42,680
+ particularly here in Minnesota.
+
+ 70
+ 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:45,769
+ Charlie d1, if an Indian
+ himself, as I've mentioned,
+
+ 71
+ 00:03:45,769 --> 00:03:48,110
+ and he's been acquainted with
+
+ 72
+ 00:03:48,110 --> 00:03:50,749
+ the activities of the
+ American Indian Movement,
+
+ 73
+ 00:03:50,749 --> 00:03:52,760
+ has been involved with
+ that in the past.
+
+ 74
+ 00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:55,309
+ Now, working on the health
+ needs of the Indians
+
+ 75
+ 00:03:55,309 --> 00:03:59,280
+ in Minneapolis is
+ a Christian man.
+
+ 76
+ 00:04:01,059 --> 00:04:03,770
+ >> Okay, I think we're all set.
+
+ 77
+ 00:04:03,770 --> 00:04:11,375
+ Well, I came in 1910 and
+ gardeners still there.
+
+ 78
+ 00:04:11,375 --> 00:04:14,765
+ My brother was kind of an
+ assistant productive guard.
+
+ 79
+ 00:04:14,765 --> 00:04:18,530
+ He had charged to the
+ making the schedules for
+
+ 80
+ 00:04:18,530 --> 00:04:20,165
+ the students and and
+
+ 81
+ 00:04:20,165 --> 00:04:21,680
+ different students
+ had different jobs.
+
+ 82
+ 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:23,479
+ They want to get away
+ early and could they
+
+ 83
+ 00:04:23,479 --> 00:04:25,640
+ get the classes personally
+ in the morning?
+
+ 84
+ 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:27,740
+ And one teacher that's
+ missed Swensen came
+
+ 85
+ 00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:29,749
+ to St. Paul and she she wanted
+
+ 86
+ 00:04:29,749 --> 00:04:32,420
+ to not have to come
+
+ 87
+ 00:04:32,420 --> 00:04:33,619
+ early and she wanted to leave
+
+ 88
+ 00:04:33,619 --> 00:04:35,840
+ early because she had
+ something on my brother.
+
+ 89
+ 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:38,629
+ He he'd work on act on
+ that schedule and every
+
+ 90
+ 00:04:38,629 --> 00:04:42,959
+ year he got everybody.
+ It is a miracle
+
+ 91
+ 00:04:43,990 --> 00:04:48,950
+ by the light, be the token
+ with my big brother.
+
+ 92
+ 00:04:48,950 --> 00:04:51,710
+ And he has meant I could
+ tell it to read my books.
+
+ 93
+ 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:55,190
+ Sometimes they attribute data.
+
+ 94
+ 00:04:55,190 --> 00:04:58,625
+ We just opened it and
+ remember that influences.
+
+ 95
+ 00:04:58,625 --> 00:05:03,425
+ Well anyway, he'd been
+ went the other way.
+
+ 96
+ 00:05:03,425 --> 00:05:06,680
+ We were working a lot with
+ little fellow. I was there.
+
+ 97
+ 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:08,090
+ I was five years,
+
+ 98
+ 00:05:08,090 --> 00:05:09,515
+ almost five years
+ younger than he.
+
+ 99
+ 00:05:09,515 --> 00:05:12,110
+ And he picked up that used
+ to pick up cigar butts,
+
+ 100
+ 00:05:12,110 --> 00:05:13,580
+ cigarette butts, kitchen,
+
+ 101
+ 00:05:13,580 --> 00:05:14,749
+ I used to do with the OT do yet,
+
+ 102
+ 00:05:14,749 --> 00:05:16,145
+ maybe probably not though.
+
+ 103
+ 00:05:16,145 --> 00:05:17,989
+ He picked up a cigar
+ and I thought it was
+
+ 104
+ 00:05:17,989 --> 00:05:19,730
+ going to do that. He
+ said, Henry with you.
+
+ 105
+ 00:05:19,730 --> 00:05:22,369
+ Promise me one thing what I said,
+
+ 106
+ 00:05:22,369 --> 00:05:24,905
+ but that she will
+ never smoke on age.
+
+ 107
+ 00:05:24,905 --> 00:05:27,590
+ Now he he could've
+ done something else.
+
+ 108
+ 00:05:27,590 --> 00:05:29,719
+ You know, top deaths
+ would and I said,
+
+ 109
+ 00:05:29,719 --> 00:05:31,025
+ sure, I promise you.
+
+ 110
+ 00:05:31,025 --> 00:05:33,799
+ Well, I don't know how
+ strong that promise was,
+
+ 111
+ 00:05:33,799 --> 00:05:35,570
+ but I knew I never
+ did and never smoked
+
+ 112
+ 00:05:35,570 --> 00:05:37,910
+ cigarette smoke smoke cigarettes?
+
+ 113
+ 00:05:37,910 --> 00:05:40,220
+ Of course not. But that's
+ the way he could've led me.
+
+ 114
+ 00:05:40,220 --> 00:05:43,175
+ As I say in the book,
+ he led me down.
+
+ 115
+ 00:05:43,175 --> 00:05:46,295
+ He led me up and all
+ the rest of the way.
+
+ 116
+ 00:05:46,295 --> 00:05:47,600
+ He wish he would want to
+
+ 117
+ 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:49,550
+ encourage them into
+ everything you've ever done.
+
+ 118
+ 00:05:49,550 --> 00:05:52,430
+ I'm going to quit school,
+ go to school, you should.
+
+ 119
+ 00:05:52,430 --> 00:05:56,990
+ Henry and I went and I mean,
+
+ 120
+ 00:05:56,990 --> 00:05:59,059
+ he persuaded me and just all
+
+ 121
+ 00:05:59,059 --> 00:06:01,880
+ the way through,
+ he'd been wonderful.
+
+ 122
+ 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:04,970
+ Well, he came, he
+ became principal.
+
+ 123
+ 00:06:04,970 --> 00:06:07,279
+ Then after Dr. Gore had left
+
+ 124
+ 00:06:07,279 --> 00:06:09,320
+ and he loved music,
+
+ 125
+ 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:11,150
+ used to sing songs.
+ We sing duets.
+
+ 126
+ 00:06:11,150 --> 00:06:13,054
+ You can do it on the telephone,
+
+ 127
+ 00:06:13,054 --> 00:06:15,425
+ country telephone,
+ and in the churches.
+
+ 128
+ 00:06:15,425 --> 00:06:17,814
+ And the first show me saying I'm
+
+ 129
+ 00:06:17,814 --> 00:06:20,134
+ inviting some of the song
+
+ 130
+ 00:06:20,134 --> 00:06:22,700
+ and matter railroads
+ were saying everywhere.
+
+ 131
+ 00:06:22,700 --> 00:06:27,440
+ And then ten or ending soprano,
+
+ 132
+ 00:06:27,440 --> 00:06:30,080
+ I guess Japan or Beijing.
+
+ 133
+ 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:35,540
+ And he'd come home from
+ college, Williams Jr. College.
+
+ 134
+ 00:06:35,540 --> 00:06:37,159
+ We take a long walk and
+ you tell me everything
+
+ 135
+ 00:06:37,159 --> 00:06:39,125
+ happened in a school
+ and everything.
+
+ 136
+ 00:06:39,125 --> 00:06:42,680
+ He was he was just a terrific
+ influence in my life.
+
+ 137
+ 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:45,590
+ And I've got that
+ written up in the book.
+
+ 138
+ 00:06:45,590 --> 00:06:48,995
+ When it came to music
+ used to sing solos
+
+ 139
+ 00:06:48,995 --> 00:06:52,190
+ He was also an athlete who's
+ on the varsity football team
+
+ 140
+ 00:06:52,190 --> 00:06:55,160
+ at Williams College
+ and Kansas City there.
+
+ 141
+ 00:06:55,160 --> 00:06:59,509
+ And so when he became principal,
+
+ 142
+ 00:06:59,509 --> 00:07:03,590
+ the Academy, he could
+ use those talents.
+
+ 143
+ 00:07:03,590 --> 00:07:08,570
+ And the organized
+ every year a may,
+
+ 144
+ 00:07:08,570 --> 00:07:11,119
+ of course, metal Academy gave
+
+ 145
+ 00:07:11,119 --> 00:07:12,950
+ a concert that twin
+ city church and we
+
+ 146
+ 00:07:12,950 --> 00:07:15,035
+ were the pet to the
+ Trinity Church.
+
+ 147
+ 00:07:15,035 --> 00:07:17,120
+ There little opposition
+ between Chicago
+
+ 148
+ 00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:19,070
+ and Cemetery and academy.
+
+ 149
+ 00:07:19,070 --> 00:07:21,799
+ There's kind of a fiction
+ friction there in
+
+ 150
+ 00:07:21,799 --> 00:07:25,190
+ a mild way or sheep and they
+ turn out they pack a chair.
+
+ 151
+ 00:07:25,190 --> 00:07:26,449
+ It can never that
+ contract came out
+
+ 152
+ 00:07:26,449 --> 00:07:27,830
+ from Bethel Academy and for
+
+ 153
+ 00:07:27,830 --> 00:07:31,279
+ other things for Bethel
+ Academy. And then
+
+ 154
+ 00:07:31,279 --> 00:07:35,630
+ he had an amusing and then
+ his athletic prowess.
+
+ 155
+ 00:07:35,630 --> 00:07:38,360
+ And he was able to lead the
+ boys athletics and leave
+
+ 156
+ 00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:41,285
+ the field day athletic.
+
+ 157
+ 00:07:41,285 --> 00:07:44,570
+ And he did a great work
+ and quiet Pele and up.
+
+ 158
+ 00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:46,699
+ But he yeah, that's
+
+ 159
+ 00:07:46,699 --> 00:07:48,530
+ the way he's been IBS
+ you pretend there for
+
+ 160
+ 00:07:48,530 --> 00:07:52,820
+ 50 years and more and he's
+ still a strength in that.
+
+ 161
+ 00:07:52,820 --> 00:07:55,670
+ Chair members of the
+ Board of Trustees
+
+ 162
+ 00:07:55,670 --> 00:07:58,220
+ he picked up on the street
+ and come to Sunday School.
+
+ 163
+ 00:07:58,220 --> 00:07:59,870
+ The man that shipped
+ in the Sunday School
+
+ 164
+ 00:07:59,870 --> 00:08:02,490
+ picked him years ago.
+
+ 165
+ 00:08:04,090 --> 00:08:06,395
+ Tell me a story about that.
+
+ 166
+ 00:08:06,395 --> 00:08:08,180
+ And it's a real all
+ the way through.
+
+ 167
+ 00:08:08,180 --> 00:08:09,889
+ I was coming from
+ some meetings up in
+
+ 168
+ 00:08:09,889 --> 00:08:14,090
+ northern Minnesota and
+ I was on a bus Sunday
+
+ 169
+ 00:08:14,090 --> 00:08:17,599
+ night and Bush was almost
+ empty and I show how to get
+
+ 170
+ 00:08:17,599 --> 00:08:18,950
+ on the bus kind of
+
+ 171
+ 00:08:18,950 --> 00:08:21,290
+ drunk and another fellow
+ saying goodbye to him.
+
+ 172
+ 00:08:21,290 --> 00:08:23,480
+ And I kind of hope
+ selfishly you wouldn't sit
+
+ 173
+ 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:27,409
+ down drug or clinic Christian,
+
+ 174
+ 00:08:27,409 --> 00:08:29,720
+ you know, and he
+
+ 175
+ 00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:32,600
+ came and said that
+ brings you to pull out.
+
+ 176
+ 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:35,960
+ His players have a
+ great favor, vacuous.
+
+ 177
+ 00:08:35,960 --> 00:08:40,294
+ And he took it pretty soon again,
+
+ 178
+ 00:08:40,294 --> 00:08:42,410
+ you know, we had it
+ would have a drink.
+
+ 179
+ 00:08:42,410 --> 00:08:46,324
+ Neighbor actually about
+ the third time he said
+
+ 180
+ 00:08:46,324 --> 00:08:48,290
+ by any chance him and it's true.
+
+ 181
+ 00:08:48,290 --> 00:08:50,060
+ And I told him what I was doing.
+
+ 182
+ 00:08:50,060 --> 00:08:51,350
+ Oh, I'm so sorry.
+
+ 183
+ 00:08:51,350 --> 00:08:56,135
+ He said, hi, I don't
+ drink, I don't dream.
+
+ 184
+ 00:08:56,135 --> 00:08:57,590
+ But, you know, it's terrible.
+
+ 185
+ 00:08:57,590 --> 00:08:58,730
+ I'm going back to the worn
+
+ 186
+ 00:08:58,730 --> 00:09:00,695
+ out going back to
+ our station there.
+
+ 187
+ 00:09:00,695 --> 00:09:03,605
+ And I just have my wife
+ and children with his
+
+ 188
+ 00:09:03,605 --> 00:09:06,950
+ with her folks know I'm going
+ back and it's terrible.
+
+ 189
+ 00:09:06,950 --> 00:09:07,970
+ What do you think about this?
+
+ 190
+ 00:09:07,970 --> 00:09:09,499
+ War is a terrible,
+
+ 191
+ 00:09:09,499 --> 00:09:11,285
+ terrible, and so on.
+
+ 192
+ 00:09:11,285 --> 00:09:12,920
+ And then he told me,
+
+ 193
+ 00:09:12,920 --> 00:09:15,155
+ you belong in the
+ spiritualist church.
+
+ 194
+ 00:09:15,155 --> 00:09:16,640
+ He belonged who had
+ come to church,
+
+ 195
+ 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:18,440
+ which they're kind people.
+
+ 196
+ 00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:21,289
+ And about Jerry, he said,
+ I don't want to drink,
+
+ 197
+ 00:09:21,289 --> 00:09:23,119
+ but he got into this
+ just to kinda shoe
+
+ 198
+ 00:09:23,119 --> 00:09:25,745
+ this mind and, and all of that.
+
+ 199
+ 00:09:25,745 --> 00:09:29,045
+ And he said, you know, I
+ live in Minneapolis, I work
+
+ 200
+ 00:09:29,045 --> 00:09:31,880
+ and there's a fellow
+ came and picked
+
+ 201
+ 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:33,889
+ up my little boy
+ comes from layer,
+
+ 202
+ 00:09:33,889 --> 00:09:35,450
+ which suddenly went
+ on Abraham and he
+
+ 203
+ 00:09:35,450 --> 00:09:37,040
+ said he took that boil.
+
+ 204
+ 00:09:37,040 --> 00:09:39,110
+ All I said was a name wing blade.
+
+ 205
+ 00:09:39,110 --> 00:09:40,640
+ Yes. He said do you know him?
+
+ 206
+ 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,160
+ And I said, oh,
+
+ 207
+ 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:45,259
+ I want to write home to my
+ wife and tell her that I met
+
+ 208
+ 00:09:45,259 --> 00:09:47,990
+ a man on the bus
+ who knew that man
+
+ 209
+ 00:09:47,990 --> 00:09:51,814
+ made good progress and have
+
+ 210
+ 00:09:51,814 --> 00:09:53,689
+ that whether we had the warm
+
+ 211
+ 00:09:53,689 --> 00:09:55,339
+ talked all the way
+ to Minneapolis,
+
+ 212
+ 00:09:55,339 --> 00:09:57,350
+ had a wonderful time, really did.
+
+ 213
+ 00:09:57,350 --> 00:09:59,344
+ And when I got home,
+
+ 214
+ 00:09:59,344 --> 00:10:02,764
+ I called my brother
+ has about 111130
+
+ 215
+ 00:10:02,764 --> 00:10:05,450
+ and he gave me the
+ name of the boy.
+
+ 216
+ 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:07,580
+ Let's call them sandwich burnout.
+
+ 217
+ 00:10:07,580 --> 00:10:09,109
+ And I call my brothers
+ or do you know
+
+ 218
+ 00:10:09,109 --> 00:10:10,895
+ Sam? Did you ever pick him?
+
+ 219
+ 00:10:10,895 --> 00:10:12,470
+ By the name of the father,
+
+ 220
+ 00:10:12,470 --> 00:10:14,360
+ I guess I said and I said,
+
+ 221
+ 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:16,970
+ You know, somebody so-and-so
+ had a boy who picked up.
+
+ 222
+ 00:10:16,970 --> 00:10:18,560
+ Oh, yeah, that was damnation.
+
+ 223
+ 00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:21,290
+ Yes, I picked him. I never
+ could get them to come.
+
+ 224
+ 00:10:21,290 --> 00:10:23,690
+ But PK Well, that's my brother.
+
+ 225
+ 00:10:23,690 --> 00:10:29,389
+ You see she now all the
+ way through and right now,
+
+ 226
+ 00:10:29,389 --> 00:10:30,920
+ each advisor for the pasture
+
+ 227
+ 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:32,510
+ pasture tapes that
+ have really changed
+
+ 228
+ 00:10:32,510 --> 00:10:36,815
+ you in the in the church
+ and even in a loving way.
+
+ 229
+ 00:10:36,815 --> 00:10:40,835
+ He believes in prayer and
+ he prays for everything.
+
+ 230
+ 00:10:40,835 --> 00:10:43,160
+ Well, now let's see what else.
+
+ 231
+ 00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,085
+ I know the time came to
+ unite the two schools.
+
+ 232
+ 00:10:46,085 --> 00:10:48,080
+ Chicago churches were pretty
+
+ 233
+ 00:10:48,080 --> 00:10:50,404
+ strong to keep the
+ seminary in Chicago,
+
+ 234
+ 00:10:50,404 --> 00:10:53,135
+ but they didn't raise any
+ money to do anything about it.
+
+ 235
+ 00:10:53,135 --> 00:10:54,755
+ Many soda.
+
+ 236
+ 00:10:54,755 --> 00:10:55,895
+ The academy was here.
+
+ 237
+ 00:10:55,895 --> 00:10:57,050
+ We had one building
+
+ 238
+ 00:10:57,050 --> 00:10:58,475
+ anyway, they didn't
+ have any building.
+
+ 239
+ 00:10:58,475 --> 00:11:00,380
+ They borrowed buildings
+ from Chicago University
+
+ 240
+ 00:11:00,380 --> 00:11:01,715
+ that they didn't have their own,
+
+ 241
+ 00:11:01,715 --> 00:11:03,305
+ just about we can shape
+
+ 242
+ 00:11:03,305 --> 00:11:05,480
+ and but we had that
+ academy building.
+
+ 243
+ 00:11:05,480 --> 00:11:09,170
+ Michelle and Dr.
+ Laura said, oh good,
+
+ 244
+ 00:11:09,170 --> 00:11:13,895
+ that'll build little rat hole.
+
+ 245
+ 00:11:13,895 --> 00:11:16,620
+ I think he used that
+ word in Swedish,
+
+ 246
+ 00:11:16,780 --> 00:11:21,140
+ but he was riots but does go now.
+
+ 247
+ 00:11:21,140 --> 00:11:22,189
+ They had Home George,
+
+ 248
+ 00:11:22,189 --> 00:11:23,870
+ professors, they had nice homes.
+
+ 249
+ 00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:25,759
+ And in Morgan Park, you know,
+
+ 250
+ 00:11:25,759 --> 00:11:28,505
+ kind of neighborhood like this,
+ there's only not so good.
+
+ 251
+ 00:11:28,505 --> 00:11:30,335
+ And they did whether Lee,
+
+ 252
+ 00:11:30,335 --> 00:11:31,400
+ Dr. hid, the inductor,
+
+ 253
+ 00:11:31,400 --> 00:11:33,019
+ Sandel doctor, lawyer in,
+
+ 254
+ 00:11:33,019 --> 00:11:35,209
+ maybe somebody else. And,
+
+ 255
+ 00:11:35,209 --> 00:11:38,689
+ and they voted on the,
+ the, the conference,
+
+ 256
+ 00:11:38,689 --> 00:11:41,810
+ decided to let all the
+ churches in the country in
+
+ 257
+ 00:11:41,810 --> 00:11:43,759
+ the conference vote on whether it
+
+ 258
+ 00:11:43,759 --> 00:11:46,130
+ should be in Chicago,
+ orange, St. Paul.
+
+ 259
+ 00:11:46,130 --> 00:11:48,484
+ In the meantime,
+ there's a little dip,
+
+ 260
+ 00:11:48,484 --> 00:11:51,110
+ maybe 3 thousand I mentioned
+ to you by thousand,
+
+ 261
+ 00:11:51,110 --> 00:11:53,330
+ eight thousand on the academy.
+
+ 262
+ 00:11:53,330 --> 00:11:54,830
+ And they had the Academy to
+
+ 263
+ 00:11:54,830 --> 00:11:56,944
+ give degenerate
+ handprints. That building
+
+ 264
+ 00:11:56,944 --> 00:11:59,869
+ we had nothing to offer.
+ And so they got busy
+
+ 265
+ 00:11:59,869 --> 00:12:01,429
+ raising money to pay
+
+ 266
+ 00:12:01,429 --> 00:12:03,965
+ off that mortgage and
+ they're paid it off.
+
+ 267
+ 00:12:03,965 --> 00:12:06,409
+ And then they could
+ say, Now we'll give
+
+ 268
+ 00:12:06,409 --> 00:12:09,320
+ that building to degenerate
+ whatever they can do with it.
+
+ 269
+ 00:12:09,320 --> 00:12:11,270
+ And that that's a
+
+ 270
+ 00:12:11,270 --> 00:12:13,310
+ clear and gave it to
+ him. He told paid up.
+
+ 271
+ 00:12:13,310 --> 00:12:15,605
+ Well then when churches voted,
+
+ 272
+ 00:12:15,605 --> 00:12:17,840
+ they voted overwhelmingly to move
+
+ 273
+ 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:21,120
+ the seminary to St. Paul.
+
+ 274
+ 00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:27,935
+ In 1912, we had terrible
+ January Conference in Chicago.
+
+ 275
+ 00:12:27,935 --> 00:12:30,170
+ And they were talking
+ back and forth,
+
+ 276
+ 00:12:30,170 --> 00:12:33,770
+ hot and heavy and something
+ like this committee going
+
+ 277
+ 00:12:33,770 --> 00:12:38,390
+ on in New York
+ afternoon, Watergate.
+
+ 278
+ 00:12:38,390 --> 00:12:41,330
+ The senators were fighting
+
+ 279
+ 00:12:41,330 --> 00:12:42,980
+ yesterday to hear on the radio.
+
+ 280
+ 00:12:42,980 --> 00:12:45,440
+ They call each other well,
+
+ 281
+ 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:47,180
+ but they were very hot and heavy.
+
+ 282
+ 00:12:47,180 --> 00:12:54,005
+ They the 19201912, but
+ they didn't get anywhere.
+
+ 283
+ 00:12:54,005 --> 00:12:55,970
+ But they voted to
+ have the converse and
+
+ 284
+ 00:12:55,970 --> 00:12:58,475
+ next year in 1913 into Lou,
+
+ 285
+ 00:12:58,475 --> 00:13:01,130
+ and that became the
+ Peace Conference.
+
+ 286
+ 00:13:01,130 --> 00:13:02,840
+ Oh, and there's a
+ wonderful spirit
+
+ 287
+ 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:04,070
+ and that got,
+ remember, I didn't go.
+
+ 288
+ 00:13:04,070 --> 00:13:05,945
+ He just learned
+ beside themselves.
+
+ 289
+ 00:13:05,945 --> 00:13:08,810
+ Didn't go. But they want to
+ they were wished he had come.
+
+ 290
+ 00:13:08,810 --> 00:13:14,660
+ And then they voted to go right
+ ahead in the Twin Cities.
+
+ 291
+ 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:15,889
+ That's a recommendation of
+
+ 292
+ 00:13:15,889 --> 00:13:18,470
+ gender conference,
+ almost two to one.
+
+ 293
+ 00:13:18,470 --> 00:13:21,245
+ I don't remember exactly
+ what the poison the churches
+
+ 294
+ 00:13:21,245 --> 00:13:23,570
+ And that and they voted not here
+
+ 295
+ 00:13:23,570 --> 00:13:25,580
+ to I crashed in this thing.
+
+ 296
+ 00:13:25,580 --> 00:13:27,425
+ They call Dr. angstrom
+
+ 297
+ 00:13:27,425 --> 00:13:29,900
+ to be the first
+ president of the school.
+
+ 298
+ 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:31,729
+ Now doctor asked him,
+
+ 299
+ 00:13:31,729 --> 00:13:33,739
+ was a boy who sold newspapers
+
+ 300
+ 00:13:33,739 --> 00:13:35,825
+ on the streets of Minneapolis.
+
+ 301
+ 00:13:35,825 --> 00:13:37,309
+ He was wonderfully converted to
+
+ 302
+ 00:13:37,309 --> 00:13:38,629
+ enter Dr. Frank Peterson in
+
+ 303
+ 00:13:38,629 --> 00:13:42,079
+ the meeting saying he
+ could talk Swedish,
+
+ 304
+ 00:13:42,079 --> 00:13:44,255
+ but he knew English, of course.
+
+ 305
+ 00:13:44,255 --> 00:13:47,389
+ And when Dr. Frank Peterson,
+
+ 306
+ 00:13:47,389 --> 00:13:50,809
+ who is Chair of President
+ pasture that church sent Arvin,
+
+ 307
+ 00:13:50,809 --> 00:13:52,549
+ takes him to Chicago to
+
+ 308
+ 00:13:52,549 --> 00:13:54,830
+ the seminary logger
+ and said to him,
+
+ 309
+ 00:13:54,830 --> 00:13:56,780
+ we can't use you
+ your canto treaty.
+
+ 310
+ 00:13:56,780 --> 00:13:59,315
+ How can we use your niche
+ where you can talk treaty?
+
+ 311
+ 00:13:59,315 --> 00:14:01,190
+ Frank Peters and
+ wrote a letter to Dr.
+
+ 312
+ 00:14:01,190 --> 00:14:04,339
+ logging that you just see that
+
+ 313
+ 00:14:04,339 --> 00:14:06,619
+ he said if you are
+ going to send back,
+
+ 314
+ 00:14:06,619 --> 00:14:08,900
+ the boys were sent to
+ you to the seminary.
+
+ 315
+ 00:14:08,900 --> 00:14:12,590
+ You better go back to
+ sweep because I'm English.
+
+ 316
+ 00:14:12,590 --> 00:14:16,369
+ Well anyway, IIT logo meant well,
+
+ 317
+ 00:14:16,369 --> 00:14:18,785
+ he wouldn't quite strong
+ as I've said put it.
+
+ 318
+ 00:14:18,785 --> 00:14:22,160
+ And but takes from his
+ trembled Wesley's Swedish now.
+
+ 319
+ 00:14:22,160 --> 00:14:23,660
+ He preaches Swedish churches.
+
+ 320
+ 00:14:23,660 --> 00:14:25,970
+ He would write it in English and
+
+ 321
+ 00:14:25,970 --> 00:14:29,195
+ then his wife would helping
+ translated into Swedish.
+
+ 322
+ 00:14:29,195 --> 00:14:31,205
+ And then he would
+ preach Swedish issue
+
+ 323
+ 00:14:31,205 --> 00:14:33,110
+ that to wait, you struggle alone.
+
+ 324
+ 00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:36,770
+ He became pastor of
+ Chicago when he was 30.
+
+ 325
+ 00:14:36,770 --> 00:14:40,084
+ And he was missionary around
+ their four-year gentlemen,
+
+ 326
+ 00:14:40,084 --> 00:14:41,105
+ but can use 30.
+
+ 327
+ 00:14:41,105 --> 00:14:42,710
+ He was called a
+ Chicago first year.
+
+ 328
+ 00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:44,540
+ It's a large church
+ in our conference.
+
+ 329
+ 00:14:44,540 --> 00:14:48,200
+ And he was the outstanding
+ pasture in our conference.
+
+ 330
+ 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:50,135
+ And he had the
+ outstanding church.
+
+ 331
+ 00:14:50,135 --> 00:14:51,500
+ He mixed with the leaders in
+
+ 332
+ 00:14:51,500 --> 00:14:53,270
+ Chicago and get ideas, you know,
+
+ 333
+ 00:14:53,270 --> 00:14:54,859
+ the big churches, pastors
+
+ 334
+ 00:14:54,859 --> 00:14:57,170
+ there went ten to their meetings.
+
+ 335
+ 00:14:57,170 --> 00:14:59,900
+ And he was very progressive
+ and revivalist in the church.
+
+ 336
+ 00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:01,550
+ I should just said
+ we had revivals
+
+ 337
+ 00:15:01,550 --> 00:15:03,770
+ and Bethel Academy,
+ the old Asian.
+
+ 338
+ 00:15:03,770 --> 00:15:07,834
+ And wish we had the largest
+ missionary volunteer group
+
+ 339
+ 00:15:07,834 --> 00:15:09,529
+ in the state university or
+
+ 340
+ 00:15:09,529 --> 00:15:11,330
+ college that has a
+ Medical Academy.
+
+ 341
+ 00:15:11,330 --> 00:15:13,309
+ And we had to rely much
+ things are happening
+
+ 342
+ 00:15:13,309 --> 00:15:15,545
+ that little Academy I told
+ you about a while ago.
+
+ 343
+ 00:15:15,545 --> 00:15:18,859
+ And whenever we reached
+ a 100 and even a 100,
+
+ 344
+ 00:15:18,859 --> 00:15:22,550
+ we took we took a holiday
+ when the attendance reached
+
+ 345
+ 00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:26,450
+ to pick a hundred two
+ hundred three hundred habit.
+
+ 346
+ 00:15:26,450 --> 00:15:28,009
+ I told that to the fact
+
+ 347
+ 00:15:28,009 --> 00:15:31,175
+ that told the story
+ I'm telling you.
+
+ 348
+ 00:15:31,175 --> 00:15:35,930
+ They would roar
+ every under revival.
+
+ 349
+ 00:15:35,930 --> 00:15:39,499
+ And we had it Dr. Hicks them
+ at a commencement said,
+
+ 350
+ 00:15:39,499 --> 00:15:42,649
+ We may say What we will about
+ the seminar Academy that
+
+ 351
+ 00:15:42,649 --> 00:15:43,864
+ tell you that the academy
+
+ 352
+ 00:15:43,864 --> 00:15:46,025
+ emission school for
+ our conference,
+
+ 353
+ 00:15:46,025 --> 00:15:47,915
+ that's where the
+ missionaries runoff from
+
+ 354
+ 00:15:47,915 --> 00:15:51,244
+ Outstanding genres all crushed
+ and a whole bunch of them,
+
+ 355
+ 00:15:51,244 --> 00:15:54,034
+ quite a number of anyway,
+ Olivia, Jocelyn, therapy,
+
+ 356
+ 00:15:54,034 --> 00:15:57,650
+ the retinal array and so on.
+
+ 357
+ 00:15:57,650 --> 00:16:00,500
+ Now the two schools
+ came together.
+
+ 358
+ 00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:02,300
+ 90 Put dr. Higgs jump.
+
+ 359
+ 00:16:02,300 --> 00:16:04,039
+ It's just hidden between
+ the eyes when they,
+
+ 360
+ 00:16:04,039 --> 00:16:05,840
+ when they voted him
+ to be president.
+
+ 361
+ 00:16:05,840 --> 00:16:07,654
+ But he wasn't prepared for
+
+ 362
+ 00:16:07,654 --> 00:16:10,205
+ he said I prepared for the
+ patch the best I could.
+
+ 363
+ 00:16:10,205 --> 00:16:13,220
+ I'm not the man for that.
+ And he broke down and cried.
+
+ 364
+ 00:16:13,220 --> 00:16:15,230
+ Muhammad broke down
+ and cried when they
+
+ 365
+ 00:16:15,230 --> 00:16:17,120
+ said he was very good.
+
+ 366
+ 00:16:17,120 --> 00:16:25,459
+ To remember that the
+ Carlisle tells that,
+
+ 367
+ 00:16:25,459 --> 00:16:29,359
+ well, anyway, he said,
+
+ 368
+ 00:16:29,359 --> 00:16:32,000
+ I'll accept it, you pray,
+ and I'll accept it.
+
+ 369
+ 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,510
+ And so he resigned his
+ find shirts and loved you.
+
+ 370
+ 00:16:35,510 --> 00:16:39,855
+ Mentioned ten year end
+
+ 371
+ 00:16:39,855 --> 00:16:41,769
+ Took over the presidency
+
+ 372
+ 00:16:41,769 --> 00:16:43,135
+ where we're going
+ to have an office.
+
+ 373
+ 00:16:43,135 --> 00:16:45,444
+ He said that wasn't money
+ and up in the treasury
+
+ 374
+ 00:16:45,444 --> 00:16:48,295
+ of the school treasure
+ to go to the next town.
+
+ 375
+ 00:16:48,295 --> 00:16:53,500
+ There were no MIT
+ Scratch. Oh, no.
+
+ 376
+ 00:16:53,500 --> 00:16:56,080
+ He before that they
+ had elected him to
+
+ 377
+ 00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:59,050
+ financial secretary
+ of the conference.
+
+ 378
+ 00:16:59,050 --> 00:17:01,240
+ So he had traveled in that way.
+
+ 379
+ 00:17:01,240 --> 00:17:03,790
+ He left the church and to
+ do that. And he traveled.
+
+ 380
+ 00:17:03,790 --> 00:17:05,470
+ He visit every church conference
+
+ 381
+ 00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:06,640
+ without taking any vacation.
+
+ 382
+ 00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:08,335
+ Took him two or three
+ years to do that.
+
+ 383
+ 00:17:08,335 --> 00:17:09,790
+ And then he was that man.
+
+ 384
+ 00:17:09,790 --> 00:17:11,529
+ He was General Secretary for
+
+ 385
+ 00:17:11,529 --> 00:17:14,890
+ the conference when he was
+ called to be president.
+
+ 386
+ 00:17:14,890 --> 00:17:16,780
+ But he was up there in
+ Duluth and he went to D,
+
+ 387
+ 00:17:16,780 --> 00:17:18,655
+ said that I'm not
+ prepared for this,
+
+ 388
+ 00:17:18,655 --> 00:17:22,470
+ but he accepted if he says
+ you pray and we'll go ahead.
+
+ 389
+ 00:17:22,470 --> 00:17:25,009
+ And so he started with
+ nothing you might say
+
+ 390
+ 00:17:25,009 --> 00:17:28,565
+ except the grace of God
+ is fake and are paid.
+
+ 391
+ 00:17:28,565 --> 00:17:31,160
+ But he started to raise money.
+
+ 392
+ 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:33,380
+ Oh yes, they bought the campus on
+
+ 393
+ 00:17:33,380 --> 00:17:38,000
+ smelling six acres
+ to square blocks.
+
+ 394
+ 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:39,425
+ They're not, they're
+ oblong though.
+
+ 395
+ 00:17:39,425 --> 00:17:42,260
+ And we could have gotten and
+ we've got one for nothing.
+
+ 396
+ 00:17:42,260 --> 00:17:44,075
+ I think about the other one.
+
+ 397
+ 00:17:44,075 --> 00:17:46,310
+ And the real estate man
+
+ 398
+ 00:17:46,310 --> 00:17:47,870
+ said you can have
+ the third one too,
+
+ 399
+ 00:17:47,870 --> 00:17:49,520
+ if you want to for a low price.
+
+ 400
+ 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:51,155
+ And they said, Oh, we'll
+ never need anymore.
+
+ 401
+ 00:17:51,155 --> 00:17:53,240
+ Or some of the board
+ that he thought that,
+
+ 402
+ 00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:55,130
+ you know how lack of vision.
+
+ 403
+ 00:17:55,130 --> 00:17:56,480
+ But there were five
+ men in their way.
+
+ 404
+ 00:17:56,480 --> 00:17:59,030
+ They weren't used to
+ this thing and show.
+
+ 405
+ 00:17:59,030 --> 00:18:00,259
+ They bought that camp it. But I
+
+ 406
+ 00:18:00,259 --> 00:18:01,760
+ landed right on his own board.
+
+ 407
+ 00:18:01,760 --> 00:18:04,159
+ He had Those are
+ fighting that thing,
+
+ 408
+ 00:18:04,159 --> 00:18:06,889
+ but it went through and
+
+ 409
+ 00:18:06,889 --> 00:18:08,599
+ then he's tried to raise
+ money for the seminary,
+
+ 410
+ 00:18:08,599 --> 00:18:11,270
+ that little seminary that's
+ over there in that building.
+
+ 411
+ 00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:13,699
+ They raised, I think
+ there's $30 thousand
+
+ 412
+ 00:18:13,699 --> 00:18:16,070
+ had cosh and it is
+ defined building.
+
+ 413
+ 00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:18,349
+ And then and then we show
+
+ 414
+ 00:18:18,349 --> 00:18:20,884
+ the conference sold
+ to a real estate man,
+
+ 415
+ 00:18:20,884 --> 00:18:24,185
+ that little Academy
+ for $20 thousand.
+
+ 416
+ 00:18:24,185 --> 00:18:27,395
+ That transgender conference
+ got just see from
+
+ 417
+ 00:18:27,395 --> 00:18:31,880
+ Minnesota and from this
+ end of the line 20 cow.
+
+ 418
+ 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:33,800
+ And I think that that's right.
+
+ 419
+ 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:35,540
+ And then they raised
+ money among the church.
+
+ 420
+ 00:18:35,540 --> 00:18:36,589
+ It's gotta be that
+ through SHA1 and
+
+ 421
+ 00:18:36,589 --> 00:18:37,790
+ raise money for the new seminary.
+
+ 422
+ 00:18:37,790 --> 00:18:40,009
+ And I may have one of our own and
+
+ 423
+ 00:18:40,009 --> 00:18:42,695
+ we have going to have
+ the building of our own.
+
+ 424
+ 00:18:42,695 --> 00:18:45,050
+ But when we solely
+ academy building,
+
+ 425
+ 00:18:45,050 --> 00:18:47,210
+ they said know what wedged
+ Academy gonna be next year.
+
+ 426
+ 00:18:47,210 --> 00:18:50,390
+ This is 19141915, whereas Academy
+
+ 427
+ 00:18:50,390 --> 00:18:54,649
+ going to go to and so the
+
+ 428
+ 00:18:54,649 --> 00:18:56,869
+ graciously arranged this way
+
+ 429
+ 00:18:56,869 --> 00:18:59,569
+ that the academy
+ could have clashing
+
+ 430
+ 00:18:59,569 --> 00:19:03,380
+ that fore noon and
+
+ 431
+ 00:19:03,380 --> 00:19:04,939
+ their seminar could
+ have theirs in
+
+ 432
+ 00:19:04,939 --> 00:19:08,510
+ the afternoon and day
+ that went through.
+
+ 433
+ 00:19:08,510 --> 00:19:10,715
+ And we did that for two years.
+
+ 434
+ 00:19:10,715 --> 00:19:12,920
+ I think there's two
+ year, something
+
+ 435
+ 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:14,765
+ like that, maybe a little more.
+
+ 436
+ 00:19:14,765 --> 00:19:16,280
+ My brother called me on the phone
+
+ 437
+ 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:17,810
+ the other day and
+ he should Henry,
+
+ 438
+ 00:19:17,810 --> 00:19:20,210
+ do you know that
+ this is a day that
+
+ 439
+ 00:19:20,210 --> 00:19:24,875
+ nine of the ninth of
+ May when we moved
+
+ 440
+ 00:19:24,875 --> 00:19:26,764
+ after the college
+ building was really
+
+ 441
+ 00:19:26,764 --> 00:19:28,910
+ the big academy
+ building was put up.
+
+ 442
+ 00:19:28,910 --> 00:19:30,305
+ Then when that was finished.
+
+ 443
+ 00:19:30,305 --> 00:19:31,970
+ And we can move from
+ the seminar with
+
+ 444
+ 00:19:31,970 --> 00:19:34,970
+ all our panel shelves and things.
+
+ 445
+ 00:19:34,970 --> 00:19:36,860
+ And all the students
+ jumped into it as
+
+ 446
+ 00:19:36,860 --> 00:19:38,720
+ a holiday to carry overhaul
+
+ 447
+ 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:43,040
+ the magnificent furniture
+ to that new building,
+
+ 448
+ 00:19:43,040 --> 00:19:44,764
+ three story building,
+
+ 449
+ 00:19:44,764 --> 00:19:47,255
+ which had been the college
+ building now for years.
+
+ 450
+ 00:19:47,255 --> 00:19:50,645
+ It was a nine the MAY
+ matrices celebration
+
+ 451
+ 00:19:50,645 --> 00:19:55,415
+ and ninth of May, 1916 or 17.
+
+ 452
+ 00:19:55,415 --> 00:19:57,410
+ But you haven't oftentime
+
+ 453
+ 00:19:57,410 --> 00:19:59,195
+ getting the money for
+ that colleague building?
+
+ 454
+ 00:19:59,195 --> 00:20:01,430
+ I visited, I was just a teacher.
+
+ 455
+ 00:20:01,430 --> 00:20:04,430
+ I visited 50 churches one summer,
+
+ 456
+ 00:20:04,430 --> 00:20:06,650
+ among those who
+ were raising money.
+
+ 457
+ 00:20:06,650 --> 00:20:11,449
+ I visited 50 churches and next
+ summer and hot, you know,
+
+ 458
+ 00:20:11,449 --> 00:20:13,280
+ I had 5-stage to visit churches,
+
+ 459
+ 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:14,629
+ him and I'd be on
+
+ 460
+ 00:20:14,629 --> 00:20:16,399
+ those hot branch lines and dust
+
+ 461
+ 00:20:16,399 --> 00:20:18,230
+ coming in through
+ the open window.
+
+ 462
+ 00:20:18,230 --> 00:20:20,585
+ But sort of hace
+ you wanted it open.
+
+ 463
+ 00:20:20,585 --> 00:20:22,849
+ And then I had a lecture I
+
+ 464
+ 00:20:22,849 --> 00:20:25,820
+ gave everywhere in three,
+ the three I'd men.
+
+ 465
+ 00:20:25,820 --> 00:20:31,625
+ But either three i this i
+ this i this, i spirit July.
+
+ 466
+ 00:20:31,625 --> 00:20:33,710
+ And they wonder about
+ that. I'd be at three.
+
+ 467
+ 00:20:33,710 --> 00:20:35,134
+ I met one man,
+
+ 468
+ 00:20:35,134 --> 00:20:36,725
+ officer the war Abidjan,
+
+ 469
+ 00:20:36,725 --> 00:20:38,449
+ and he said, what's
+ that fellow lecturing
+
+ 470
+ 00:20:38,449 --> 00:20:39,920
+ on his yet communism or shopping?
+
+ 471
+ 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:43,295
+ So he goes said, you though,
+
+ 472
+ 00:20:43,295 --> 00:20:46,190
+ hopefully I've met, but I got so
+
+ 473
+ 00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:49,264
+ tired and after the service
+
+ 474
+ 00:20:49,264 --> 00:20:51,019
+ stay with the pastor and he
+
+ 475
+ 00:20:51,019 --> 00:20:53,030
+ never saw anybody really
+ ill. And so you'd like
+
+ 476
+ 00:20:53,030 --> 00:20:55,460
+ to talk to me robots
+ and we'd have
+
+ 477
+ 00:20:55,460 --> 00:20:58,010
+ coffee that I couldn't
+ go to sleep very
+
+ 478
+ 00:20:58,010 --> 00:21:00,920
+ well after the
+ coffee and the next
+
+ 479
+ 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:04,265
+ morning at another train
+ through the dust storms.
+
+ 480
+ 00:21:04,265 --> 00:21:06,245
+ And I've aged 50 churches.
+
+ 481
+ 00:21:06,245 --> 00:21:08,790
+ I sang a solo.
+
+ 482
+ 00:21:08,890 --> 00:21:13,325
+ It was Swedish, so yeah,
+ it's a beautiful thing.
+
+ 483
+ 00:21:13,325 --> 00:21:15,650
+ People way, hey, the
+ blood 10-year Yes.
+
+ 484
+ 00:21:15,650 --> 00:21:17,390
+ Step and leaked and T police
+
+ 485
+ 00:21:17,390 --> 00:21:19,279
+ that tailored in looking into
+
+ 486
+ 00:21:19,279 --> 00:21:22,009
+ your Google stuff akin or
+
+ 487
+ 00:21:22,009 --> 00:21:25,820
+ that they telephoned
+ Mr. Ben translate.
+
+ 488
+ 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:28,339
+ We're journeying
+ through on the way to
+
+ 489
+ 00:21:28,339 --> 00:21:31,190
+ happiness majorly and depth.
+
+ 490
+ 00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:33,710
+ And there's one verse
+ step, might shoot
+
+ 491
+ 00:21:33,710 --> 00:21:35,840
+ what I knew now that
+
+ 492
+ 00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:38,300
+ my chute wouldn't so new
+ that I was traveling with,
+
+ 493
+ 00:21:38,300 --> 00:21:39,920
+ you know, I guess I give it gives
+
+ 494
+ 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:42,095
+ a second shoot anyway
+ and which ones are good?
+
+ 495
+ 00:21:42,095 --> 00:21:44,690
+ And one verses to say it would
+
+ 496
+ 00:21:44,690 --> 00:21:47,915
+ be kind of bought up at
+ Barnard good in years,
+
+ 497
+ 00:21:47,915 --> 00:21:49,610
+ but you may not see it.
+
+ 498
+ 00:21:49,610 --> 00:21:51,560
+ An snake, you see it.
+
+ 499
+ 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:54,260
+ And new blood means respect
+ bought out your hot.
+
+ 500
+ 00:21:54,260 --> 00:21:57,380
+ I sit Mitchum, look at
+ me and you're Watson.
+
+ 501
+ 00:21:57,380 --> 00:21:59,839
+ This was an in-depth
+ look at me and
+
+ 502
+ 00:21:59,839 --> 00:22:02,780
+ you wonder how it could be
+ that he's a breadth of drugs.
+
+ 503
+ 00:22:02,780 --> 00:22:04,699
+ But listen, you haven't seen
+
+ 504
+ 00:22:04,699 --> 00:22:06,770
+ the real bribe to suit the width.
+
+ 505
+ 00:22:06,770 --> 00:22:07,880
+ This is just about traveling
+
+ 506
+ 00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:09,619
+ suit and fit it in because I was
+
+ 507
+ 00:22:09,619 --> 00:22:13,340
+ traveling and I remember they'd
+ little rags here. Wagner,
+
+ 508
+ 00:22:13,340 --> 00:22:19,100
+ second suit number two
+ maybe would be somehow,
+
+ 509
+ 00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:23,719
+ well, so we raise the money
+ for the college building,
+
+ 510
+ 00:22:23,719 --> 00:22:25,430
+ which was the academy billing.
+
+ 511
+ 00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:27,500
+ And at o we weren't proud.
+
+ 512
+ 00:22:27,500 --> 00:22:29,884
+ There's gymnasium and
+ they actually food
+
+ 513
+ 00:22:29,884 --> 00:22:33,560
+ shop that heating up
+ and that was cooking.
+
+ 514
+ 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:34,699
+ To teach cooking, there was
+
+ 515
+ 00:22:34,699 --> 00:22:37,130
+ a business department
+ up on the third floor,
+
+ 516
+ 00:22:37,130 --> 00:22:40,910
+ and I had the English
+ department all the time all
+
+ 517
+ 00:22:40,910 --> 00:22:42,680
+ through the years until I went
+
+ 518
+ 00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:44,540
+ to Chicago, I'm sure was patched.
+
+ 519
+ 00:22:44,540 --> 00:22:45,860
+ Then it came back. It got
+
+ 520
+ 00:22:45,860 --> 00:22:49,729
+ a little better job I
+
+ 521
+ 00:22:49,729 --> 00:22:54,650
+ have to do is live
+ and on this side,
+
+ 522
+ 00:22:54,650 --> 00:22:56,220
+ being careless. And on the other,
+
+ 523
+ 00:22:56,220 --> 00:22:59,620
+ another aspect, I
+ haven't gotten in
+
+ 524
+ 00:22:59,620 --> 00:23:06,625
+ private plenty to go
+ to Chicago in 191938.
+
+ 525
+ 00:23:06,625 --> 00:23:09,610
+ I had been head of the
+ English department touches.
+
+ 526
+ 00:23:09,610 --> 00:23:14,380
+ It was from 1910 to 1938.
+
+ 527
+ 00:23:14,380 --> 00:23:16,820
+ How long? How many?
+
+ 528
+ 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:19,570
+ 28 years. 28 years.
+
+ 529
+ 00:23:19,570 --> 00:23:22,220
+ And then we went to Chicago.
+
+ 530
+ 00:23:22,230 --> 00:23:25,450
+ We were riding along their
+ family and their tent,
+
+ 531
+ 00:23:25,450 --> 00:23:27,219
+ had negotiations back and forth,
+
+ 532
+ 00:23:27,219 --> 00:23:29,830
+ you know, but I thought
+ what am I doing?
+
+ 533
+ 00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:31,750
+ Runtime, I do, what am I getting?
+
+ 534
+ 00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:34,120
+ Entry go down.
+ Chicago man told me.
+
+ 535
+ 00:23:34,120 --> 00:23:36,730
+ He said, why don't you go to
+ Africa and don't go down?
+
+ 536
+ 00:23:36,730 --> 00:23:38,860
+ They then Nest head of Chicago
+
+ 537
+ 00:23:38,860 --> 00:23:40,390
+ Well, don't you beaver ambitious?
+
+ 538
+ 00:23:40,390 --> 00:23:42,549
+ I said yeah, but
+ agouti applicant,
+
+ 539
+ 00:23:42,549 --> 00:23:43,720
+ he said, don't do that.
+
+ 540
+ 00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:45,220
+ But we had a
+ wonderful time there.
+
+ 541
+ 00:23:45,220 --> 00:23:46,780
+ We did have a lot
+ of time in Chicago,
+
+ 542
+ 00:23:46,780 --> 00:23:48,385
+ three years and three months.
+
+ 543
+ 00:23:48,385 --> 00:23:51,130
+ And then they were going
+ to elect a president.
+
+ 544
+ 00:23:51,130 --> 00:23:54,280
+ And a bachelor's had the
+ inductor vectors editor.
+
+ 545
+ 00:23:54,280 --> 00:23:56,275
+ And you should get
+ your name on there.
+
+ 546
+ 00:23:56,275 --> 00:23:58,690
+ Know my name on there.
+
+ 547
+ 00:23:58,690 --> 00:24:02,455
+ You know, I can I can Xavier.
+
+ 548
+ 00:24:02,455 --> 00:24:05,064
+ And anyway well, anyway,
+
+ 549
+ 00:24:05,064 --> 00:24:10,974
+ it turned out that way and
+ the whole board could go,
+
+ 550
+ 00:24:10,974 --> 00:24:12,400
+ not only the executive board,
+
+ 551
+ 00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:14,680
+ but the whole board of
+ the conference tool.
+
+ 552
+ 00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:23,140
+ And so it was in where they
+ had the catherine 1910191940
+
+ 553
+ 00:24:23,140 --> 00:24:29,050
+ comprehension that suddenly
+ erupt cord yet men and oh,
+
+ 554
+ 00:24:29,050 --> 00:24:30,909
+ my dean appointment, Daniel,
+
+ 555
+ 00:24:30,909 --> 00:24:32,320
+ he was the other candidate.
+
+ 556
+ 00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:34,300
+ And then I went to Canada.
+
+ 557
+ 00:24:34,300 --> 00:24:36,355
+ She's never have
+ to never happened.
+
+ 558
+ 00:24:36,355 --> 00:24:43,195
+ But do he'd been a lovely
+ tell him that Well,
+
+ 559
+ 00:24:43,195 --> 00:24:45,760
+ I had a kind of
+ advantage now, you know,
+
+ 560
+ 00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:47,259
+ you're kind of I thought B,
+
+ 561
+ 00:24:47,259 --> 00:24:48,730
+ all right, the Lord
+ wanted me do it.
+
+ 562
+ 00:24:48,730 --> 00:24:51,880
+ I wouldn't proud and I
+ thought if that's what you're
+
+ 563
+ 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:53,374
+ one my wife and praying about it
+
+ 564
+ 00:24:53,374 --> 00:24:55,570
+ and it's alright either way.
+
+ 565
+ 00:24:55,570 --> 00:24:57,100
+ But I'm scared, scared.
+
+ 566
+ 00:24:57,100 --> 00:25:00,670
+ You know, Carlos Caribbean
+ gave us a good buddy.
+
+ 567
+ 00:25:00,670 --> 00:25:04,215
+ Was going to humble
+ little point but a URI.
+
+ 568
+ 00:25:04,215 --> 00:25:08,674
+ And so five, Well,
+
+ 569
+ 00:25:08,674 --> 00:25:11,990
+ I was I was chairman
+ of the ministers show.
+
+ 570
+ 00:25:11,990 --> 00:25:13,985
+ I was on the platform
+ all that time issue.
+
+ 571
+ 00:25:13,985 --> 00:25:16,250
+ And then I was vice chairman
+ of the kind of franchises.
+
+ 572
+ 00:25:16,250 --> 00:25:18,155
+ And he's told me
+ when they say it.
+
+ 573
+ 00:25:18,155 --> 00:25:20,479
+ But of course he knew
+ his anyway and they
+
+ 574
+ 00:25:20,479 --> 00:25:23,780
+ decided who resolution not
+ to discuss either one.
+
+ 575
+ 00:25:23,780 --> 00:25:28,280
+ Ohmic compare notes at all
+ and they're getting away.
+
+ 576
+ 00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,739
+ Well then that, ok,
+
+ 577
+ 00:25:30,739 --> 00:25:33,320
+ then they're going to
+ vote and add to it.
+
+ 578
+ 00:25:33,320 --> 00:25:35,930
+ And I went down head and
+ make a call to true basement
+
+ 579
+ 00:25:35,930 --> 00:25:40,170
+ left again talking
+ 70 hooves trimmed.
+
+ 580
+ 00:25:41,470 --> 00:25:46,220
+ But we went to got cool though.
+
+ 581
+ 00:25:46,220 --> 00:25:48,019
+ But then I thought, well, I think
+
+ 582
+ 00:25:48,019 --> 00:25:49,640
+ that was definitely
+ in the voting.
+
+ 583
+ 00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:51,500
+ But anyway, I was elected and
+
+ 584
+ 00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:54,200
+ the first one to hit me was
+ the chairman of the board.
+
+ 585
+ 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:55,549
+ He says, when big,
+
+ 586
+ 00:25:55,549 --> 00:25:58,205
+ congratulations, you're
+ the one who repaid.
+
+ 587
+ 00:25:58,205 --> 00:26:00,289
+ And the next one was o Mark
+
+ 588
+ 00:26:00,289 --> 00:26:02,210
+ himself. He rushed over to me.
+
+ 589
+ 00:26:02,210 --> 00:26:04,490
+ Eugenic antigen grabbed
+ my hand and she says,
+
+ 590
+ 00:26:04,490 --> 00:26:07,009
+ Congratulations, I'm
+ glad you're like, well,
+
+ 591
+ 00:26:07,009 --> 00:26:08,239
+ that spirit, that spirit on
+
+ 592
+ 00:26:08,239 --> 00:26:12,380
+ McDonald's had in cooperation.
+
+ 593
+ 00:26:12,380 --> 00:26:14,180
+ Then he was passionate
+ Los Angeles.
+
+ 594
+ 00:26:14,180 --> 00:26:17,510
+ Then we called him to come as
+ professor to the seminary.
+
+ 595
+ 00:26:17,510 --> 00:26:20,180
+ And then when Dr.
+ Carlson patched away
+
+ 596
+ 00:26:20,180 --> 00:26:24,109
+ Carnegie Carlson we
+ caught in the board,
+
+ 597
+ 00:26:24,109 --> 00:26:25,310
+ caught him as dean.
+
+ 598
+ 00:26:25,310 --> 00:26:26,480
+ So he would deem the seven-year,
+
+ 599
+ 00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:28,415
+ I think types in seven years.
+
+ 600
+ 00:26:28,415 --> 00:26:33,060
+ And he's still a wonderful
+ fellow. Dino mark.
+
+ 601
+ 00:26:34,270 --> 00:26:37,069
+ Well, Higgs Jim took the job and
+
+ 602
+ 00:26:37,069 --> 00:26:38,869
+ interest and histories
+ and difficult job,
+
+ 603
+ 00:26:38,869 --> 00:26:42,395
+ but he carried on and he won
+ out and the Lord used him.
+
+ 604
+ 00:26:42,395 --> 00:26:49,970
+ And that's a picture
+ of depression.
+
+ 605
+ 00:26:49,970 --> 00:26:52,280
+ Girls were difficult
+ to your Soyuz.
+
+ 606
+ 00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:55,010
+ And now the
+ Depression, of course,
+
+ 607
+ 00:26:55,010 --> 00:26:58,130
+ money went far,
+ money went very far.
+
+ 608
+ 00:26:58,130 --> 00:27:00,080
+ My wife came home from
+ the grocery store there
+
+ 609
+ 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:02,255
+ and does Israel
+ near where we live.
+
+ 610
+ 00:27:02,255 --> 00:27:04,730
+ And I print and she
+ shady, so cheap.
+
+ 611
+ 00:27:04,730 --> 00:27:06,710
+ I'm ashamed she should
+ it showed cheap.
+
+ 612
+ 00:27:06,710 --> 00:27:08,480
+ I'm ashamed. She mentioned
+
+ 613
+ 00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:10,370
+ only patient-level
+ money for everything.
+
+ 614
+ 00:27:10,370 --> 00:27:13,249
+ Depression. And we Dr. Actium
+
+ 615
+ 00:27:13,249 --> 00:27:15,680
+ called The faculty
+ together and you said,
+
+ 616
+ 00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:16,850
+ now I don't know what to do.
+
+ 617
+ 00:27:16,850 --> 00:27:18,560
+ Issue. I've always had some hope
+
+ 618
+ 00:27:18,560 --> 00:27:20,570
+ before, but I haven't any more.
+
+ 619
+ 00:27:20,570 --> 00:27:23,690
+ But I don't see you way
+ out or we had pram eating.
+
+ 620
+ 00:27:23,690 --> 00:27:26,240
+ Some students had prior mean
+ each with prayer meeting.
+
+ 621
+ 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:27,830
+ And then we're going to drop up
+
+ 622
+ 00:27:27,830 --> 00:27:30,245
+ the prepare to our department.
+
+ 623
+ 00:27:30,245 --> 00:27:32,974
+ Now the junior
+ colleagues came in,
+
+ 624
+ 00:27:32,974 --> 00:27:35,990
+ but the Lord land and
+ we got kept going.
+
+ 625
+ 00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:37,760
+ Then the junior
+ colleague Justice,
+
+ 626
+ 00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:40,010
+ there was a need for the
+ Academy of those days.
+
+ 627
+ 00:27:40,010 --> 00:27:43,310
+ There now became that same
+ need for the junior college.
+
+ 628
+ 00:27:43,310 --> 00:27:47,405
+ The same need obtained
+ for the junior college
+
+ 629
+ 00:27:47,405 --> 00:27:53,045
+ because now they had high
+ schools that they didn't have.
+
+ 630
+ 00:27:53,045 --> 00:27:55,325
+ He's got used to having.
+
+ 631
+ 00:27:55,325 --> 00:27:58,054
+ So they didn't go to
+ high school and then
+
+ 632
+ 00:27:58,054 --> 00:28:01,580
+ Junior College took care
+
+ 633
+ 00:28:01,580 --> 00:28:03,260
+ of the first two
+ years of college.
+
+ 634
+ 00:28:03,260 --> 00:28:05,164
+ And then after having that,
+
+ 635
+ 00:28:05,164 --> 00:28:08,120
+ that started got
+ going good in 1933.
+
+ 636
+ 00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:12,410
+ And then Dino Dean
+ Carlson was GUI,
+
+ 637
+ 00:28:12,410 --> 00:28:14,255
+ some marvelous hello Scott it.
+
+ 638
+ 00:28:14,255 --> 00:28:17,180
+ He was a history teacher,
+ but you can't make KBD.
+
+ 639
+ 00:28:17,180 --> 00:28:18,499
+ And he had the confidence of
+
+ 640
+ 00:28:18,499 --> 00:28:21,335
+ the University of Minnesota
+ and he was marvelous.
+
+ 641
+ 00:28:21,335 --> 00:28:22,855
+ I had these men around me.
+
+ 642
+ 00:28:22,855 --> 00:28:26,615
+ I wouldn't, but they
+ were, And that's right.
+
+ 643
+ 00:28:26,615 --> 00:28:30,290
+ And so finally, the
+ university okayed
+
+ 644
+ 00:28:30,290 --> 00:28:35,915
+ four years of college
+ work recognition.
+
+ 645
+ 00:28:35,915 --> 00:28:41,390
+ And Danielson, wherever
+ walter Danielson,
+
+ 646
+ 00:28:41,390 --> 00:28:43,609
+ who had been missionary
+ to a sham India,
+
+ 647
+ 00:28:43,609 --> 00:28:45,920
+ he was prevailed on to be
+
+ 648
+ 00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:48,560
+ the first dean of
+ the junior college.
+
+ 649
+ 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:50,615
+ And oh, it was a tough job.
+
+ 650
+ 00:28:50,615 --> 00:28:52,670
+ Money with short to beat the bet.
+
+ 651
+ 00:28:52,670 --> 00:28:54,395
+ He cut down salaries,
+
+ 652
+ 00:28:54,395 --> 00:28:58,730
+ showcases Have I remember
+ Mr. Norris and said to me,
+
+ 653
+ 00:28:58,730 --> 00:29:00,710
+ current dean Karnofsky
+ button dean.
+
+ 654
+ 00:29:00,710 --> 00:29:03,635
+ And he said to me he was
+ sitting in Duluth looking at
+
+ 655
+ 00:29:03,635 --> 00:29:05,479
+ those figures and I
+
+ 656
+ 00:29:05,479 --> 00:29:07,010
+ came up to him into Luther
+ countered per share.
+
+ 657
+ 00:29:07,010 --> 00:29:08,265
+ Any shape. Can you tell me?
+
+ 658
+ 00:29:08,265 --> 00:29:09,920
+ I can label in this thing.
+
+ 659
+ 00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:11,600
+ They weren't getting
+ much to start with,
+
+ 660
+ 00:29:11,600 --> 00:29:14,570
+ then cut half of it to her.
+
+ 661
+ 00:29:14,570 --> 00:29:17,555
+ And they didn't cut. There's
+ so much to teach that
+
+ 662
+ 00:29:17,555 --> 00:29:19,370
+ he didn't show much.
+
+ 663
+ 00:29:19,370 --> 00:29:21,499
+ My brother, nice cut
+ others because we had
+
+ 664
+ 00:29:21,499 --> 00:29:23,449
+ been there so long about
+
+ 665
+ 00:29:23,449 --> 00:29:25,399
+ their Wu the school whether
+
+ 666
+ 00:29:25,399 --> 00:29:27,890
+ did and then you
+ mentioned the war.
+
+ 667
+ 00:29:27,890 --> 00:29:31,729
+ Dave, Swedish Baptist,
+
+ 668
+ 00:29:31,729 --> 00:29:35,550
+ sort of very loyal to
+ the ward to the war.
+
+ 669
+ 00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:39,665
+ It was a good thing that
+ Germany was so wicked.
+
+ 670
+ 00:29:39,665 --> 00:29:41,450
+ That's what made us show night.
+
+ 671
+ 00:29:41,450 --> 00:29:42,920
+ And that took place twice.
+
+ 672
+ 00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,850
+ You know, i was done
+ in Iowa for pushed for
+
+ 673
+ 00:29:46,850 --> 00:29:50,000
+ a weekend for the school
+
+ 674
+ 00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:53,780
+ and there was a family
+ there had a big fine Farm.
+
+ 675
+ 00:29:53,780 --> 00:29:55,219
+ And I don't know
+ what they had done
+
+ 676
+ 00:29:55,219 --> 00:29:56,479
+ to make everybody mad at them
+
+ 677
+ 00:29:56,479 --> 00:29:57,650
+ if they were holding the envoy
+
+ 678
+ 00:29:57,650 --> 00:29:59,510
+ from going into the service.
+
+ 679
+ 00:29:59,510 --> 00:30:05,150
+ And they call them slackers,
+ who they call them yellow.
+
+ 680
+ 00:30:05,150 --> 00:30:06,739
+ They came there one night,
+
+ 681
+ 00:30:06,739 --> 00:30:09,635
+ the neighborhood, and
+ painted all their buildings.
+
+ 682
+ 00:30:09,635 --> 00:30:12,515
+ And the next day he was
+ going to have an auction.
+
+ 683
+ 00:30:12,515 --> 00:30:14,374
+ And you see how,
+
+ 684
+ 00:30:14,374 --> 00:30:16,100
+ I suppose cruel it was.
+
+ 685
+ 00:30:16,100 --> 00:30:17,570
+ I mean, it was dirty.
+
+ 686
+ 00:30:17,570 --> 00:30:18,860
+ It was to do that.
+
+ 687
+ 00:30:18,860 --> 00:30:21,605
+ And I don't know what
+ their vision was,
+
+ 688
+ 00:30:21,605 --> 00:30:22,969
+ what the reason they
+ had against him,
+
+ 689
+ 00:30:22,969 --> 00:30:24,320
+ how it turned out.
+
+ 690
+ 00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,095
+ You were either lacquered
+ or you went to war.
+
+ 691
+ 00:30:27,095 --> 00:30:30,034
+ Now, how students at which
+ you think Amendment, David,
+
+ 692
+ 00:30:30,034 --> 00:30:32,285
+ and we had less students
+ the seminary could
+
+ 693
+ 00:30:32,285 --> 00:30:35,630
+ go because they were going
+ into Christian work.
+
+ 694
+ 00:30:35,630 --> 00:30:38,449
+ And that the students in
+
+ 695
+ 00:30:38,449 --> 00:30:42,544
+ the academy or in the
+ college were allowed
+
+ 696
+ 00:30:42,544 --> 00:30:46,790
+ to be free from the war
+ if they were lined up
+
+ 697
+ 00:30:46,790 --> 00:30:52,040
+ as minister to training
+ from industry and so on.
+
+ 698
+ 00:30:52,040 --> 00:30:54,410
+ But our general
+ conference with oil.
+
+ 699
+ 00:30:54,410 --> 00:30:55,850
+ And then you mentioned
+ the matter of
+
+ 700
+ 00:30:55,850 --> 00:30:58,490
+ fundamentalism. Our
+ Should you baptise?
+
+ 701
+ 00:30:58,490 --> 00:31:00,095
+ Conferences have always been
+
+ 702
+ 00:31:00,095 --> 00:31:04,175
+ fundamental as far as
+ the Bible's concern.
+
+ 703
+ 00:31:04,175 --> 00:31:07,039
+ Maybe they were so
+ simple that they were,
+
+ 704
+ 00:31:07,039 --> 00:31:09,410
+ I don't mean that
+ in any bad sense,
+
+ 705
+ 00:31:09,410 --> 00:31:11,719
+ but they just took
+ the word of God,
+
+ 706
+ 00:31:11,719 --> 00:31:14,555
+ as he says, And believe it.
+
+ 707
+ 00:31:14,555 --> 00:31:16,700
+ And we can illustrate
+ that in visualization.
+
+ 708
+ 00:31:16,700 --> 00:31:20,420
+ We did hygienes spoken.
+
+ 709
+ 00:31:20,420 --> 00:31:22,580
+ He's got a band
+ that he should lie.
+
+ 710
+ 00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:24,770
+ Surely say it. And
+ that reenter fashion.
+
+ 711
+ 00:31:24,770 --> 00:31:30,240
+ While the whole Bible, you
+ know that word of God.
+
+ 712
+ 00:31:31,060 --> 00:31:37,430
+ Now what do we have for
+ climate conference?
+
+ 713
+ 00:31:37,430 --> 00:31:40,115
+ Hasn't tended to be very
+ contentious though.
+
+ 714
+ 00:31:40,115 --> 00:31:43,069
+ As it, again, you know,
+
+ 715
+ 00:31:43,069 --> 00:31:45,680
+ they have their
+ goods to the bush.
+
+ 716
+ 00:31:45,680 --> 00:31:49,430
+ Contention was about
+ the school, 1912.
+
+ 717
+ 00:31:49,430 --> 00:31:51,590
+ They didn't dare
+ to PIDA committee.
+
+ 718
+ 00:31:51,590 --> 00:31:53,810
+ My brother even arrows
+ there and he said,
+
+ 719
+ 00:31:53,810 --> 00:31:55,790
+ I won't be appoint a committee
+ to study this thing.
+
+ 720
+ 00:31:55,790 --> 00:31:56,930
+ No, no, no, no.
+
+ 721
+ 00:31:56,930 --> 00:31:58,520
+ They wouldn't trust any committee
+
+ 722
+ 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:00,590
+ that they finally did
+ appoint a committee.
+
+ 723
+ 00:32:00,590 --> 00:32:02,359
+ And no, they haven't
+
+ 724
+ 00:32:02,359 --> 00:32:06,680
+ been there's excuse me.
+ What was the problem?
+
+ 725
+ 00:32:06,680 --> 00:32:09,244
+ There was, well,
+ the geographical,
+
+ 726
+ 00:32:09,244 --> 00:32:11,600
+ it wasn't just that
+ the faculty in Chicago
+
+ 727
+ 00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:14,180
+ didn't want to leave or
+ other, that's one thing.
+
+ 728
+ 00:32:14,180 --> 00:32:17,420
+ And that they felt
+
+ 729
+ 00:32:17,420 --> 00:32:19,340
+ that we didn't have
+ anything here much.
+
+ 730
+ 00:32:19,340 --> 00:32:20,645
+ I mean, where are we now?
+
+ 731
+ 00:32:20,645 --> 00:32:23,360
+ Table? They felt that
+
+ 732
+ 00:32:23,360 --> 00:32:25,760
+ the American seminary
+ would let them
+
+ 733
+ 00:32:25,760 --> 00:32:28,430
+ use Walker Hall, an old building.
+
+ 734
+ 00:32:28,430 --> 00:32:31,579
+ And they said that ship
+
+ 735
+ 00:32:31,579 --> 00:32:34,265
+ the other side shed
+ with its an overhaul.
+
+ 736
+ 00:32:34,265 --> 00:32:37,160
+ Dr. Robert, earlier he was
+ on the school committee.
+
+ 737
+ 00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:39,590
+ Robert, he wrote misuse
+ or that thing that
+
+ 738
+ 00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:41,150
+ the thing you zone
+ of white elephant
+
+ 739
+ 00:32:41,150 --> 00:32:42,200
+ essential. What did they do?
+
+ 740
+ 00:32:42,200 --> 00:32:43,850
+ Get a tweet, that's
+ white elephant.
+
+ 741
+ 00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:46,340
+ And another real estate
+ man or a builder
+
+ 742
+ 00:32:46,340 --> 00:32:49,205
+ in Evanston who's on
+ the side of Chicago.
+
+ 743
+ 00:32:49,205 --> 00:32:50,615
+ He wrote that paper,
+
+ 744
+ 00:32:50,615 --> 00:32:53,360
+ let the shoemaker
+ state with his lashed.
+
+ 745
+ 00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:55,190
+ He's a doctor. He
+ knows how to operate.
+
+ 746
+ 00:32:55,190 --> 00:32:57,440
+ But you don't know anything
+ about a real-estate shut up?
+
+ 747
+ 00:32:57,440 --> 00:33:00,739
+ In other words, that's
+ what Madison School
+
+ 748
+ 00:33:00,739 --> 00:33:04,910
+ themselves because
+ they'll have a Ubers.
+
+ 749
+ 00:33:04,910 --> 00:33:07,429
+ And but that's the
+ biggest contention
+
+ 750
+ 00:33:07,429 --> 00:33:09,590
+ we've had and it turned out fine.
+
+ 751
+ 00:33:09,590 --> 00:33:13,159
+ Do that. 1913, which
+ a peace conference
+
+ 752
+ 00:33:13,159 --> 00:33:14,960
+ that my brother didn't go.
+
+ 753
+ 00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:16,429
+ I didn't know he was working on
+
+ 754
+ 00:33:16,429 --> 00:33:17,360
+ the cattle are going to get from
+
+ 755
+ 00:33:17,360 --> 00:33:18,515
+ the next year or something.
+
+ 756
+ 00:33:18,515 --> 00:33:20,120
+ And they said, Why
+ does your brother one,
+
+ 757
+ 00:33:20,120 --> 00:33:22,820
+ we want to see him and pasture.
+
+ 758
+ 00:33:22,820 --> 00:33:24,529
+ Hinrich stood up and gave
+
+ 759
+ 00:33:24,529 --> 00:33:26,570
+ every part of my brother,
+ which was out of ij,
+
+ 760
+ 00:33:26,570 --> 00:33:30,889
+ where he said but only did say
+
+ 761
+ 00:33:30,889 --> 00:33:35,630
+ He said he and my brother were
+ just close, like brothers,
+
+ 762
+ 00:33:35,630 --> 00:33:37,864
+ you know, my brother
+ which __init__
+
+ 763
+ 00:33:37,864 --> 00:33:39,439
+ chert pregnant young people
+
+ 764
+ 00:33:39,439 --> 00:33:41,465
+ who've been to Sunday
+ school led the choir.
+
+ 765
+ 00:33:41,465 --> 00:33:43,249
+ And when I came, I became to
+
+ 766
+ 00:33:43,249 --> 00:33:46,460
+ prepare young people
+ to president.
+
+ 767
+ 00:33:46,460 --> 00:33:49,700
+ And didn't either
+ privately saying,
+
+ 768
+ 00:33:49,700 --> 00:33:51,409
+ alright, began to preach
+
+ 769
+ 00:33:51,409 --> 00:33:52,820
+ and travel, and
+ I'll mention them.
+
+ 770
+ 00:33:52,820 --> 00:33:55,009
+ But hemorrhage stood
+ up there and he,
+
+ 771
+ 00:33:55,009 --> 00:33:58,730
+ he praised my brother and
+ nutrition true university about
+
+ 772
+ 00:33:58,730 --> 00:34:02,359
+ true lady wearing stage
+
+ 773
+ 00:34:02,359 --> 00:34:03,859
+ where each stage we Room and the
+
+ 774
+ 00:34:03,859 --> 00:34:05,630
+ wonderful family,
+ they haven't family.
+
+ 775
+ 00:34:05,630 --> 00:34:08,014
+ She says she hadn't
+ got a single fall
+
+ 776
+ 00:34:08,014 --> 00:34:10,459
+ and had been quoted that
+ he was a kind of pellet,
+
+ 777
+ 00:34:10,459 --> 00:34:11,870
+ would put things across
+ to do everything.
+
+ 778
+ 00:34:11,870 --> 00:34:13,280
+ Remember who told me? Yes.
+
+ 779
+ 00:34:13,280 --> 00:34:15,590
+ All he was he was he
+ had a wonderful patch.
+
+ 780
+ 00:34:15,590 --> 00:34:19,895
+ All my rebellion was every
+ Sunday night and so on.
+
+ 781
+ 00:34:19,895 --> 00:34:23,359
+ And them, and then they
+
+ 782
+ 00:34:23,359 --> 00:34:26,510
+ had voted through this thing
+ then and Kodak to hate them.
+
+ 783
+ 00:34:26,510 --> 00:34:27,950
+ And then this came on.
+
+ 784
+ 00:34:27,950 --> 00:34:29,719
+ And then one of the pastors kinda
+
+ 785
+ 00:34:29,719 --> 00:34:31,505
+ sore about the whole thing.
+
+ 786
+ 00:34:31,505 --> 00:34:34,789
+ He use sarcasm and he
+ got up and he said,
+
+ 787
+ 00:34:34,789 --> 00:34:37,729
+ Well it's best to send the
+ school where the people are,
+
+ 788
+ 00:34:37,729 --> 00:34:39,590
+ the Buddhist where they
+
+ 789
+ 00:34:39,590 --> 00:34:42,800
+ either Swedish and I
+ did a distant elastic,
+
+ 790
+ 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:45,770
+ I guess it is best to
+ celebrate people are the best.
+
+ 791
+ 00:34:45,770 --> 00:34:47,524
+ And another pastor
+ loop, distribute,
+
+ 792
+ 00:34:47,524 --> 00:34:50,240
+ let's not have any That
+ sarcasm, nice additives.
+
+ 793
+ 00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:55,520
+ And that fellow squashed
+ somewhere. It was,
+
+ 794
+ 00:34:55,520 --> 00:34:58,850
+ it was forced out of University
+ of Chicago one allele.
+
+ 795
+ 00:34:58,850 --> 00:35:01,099
+ And if they stop,
+
+ 796
+ 00:35:01,099 --> 00:35:02,870
+ they stop the two they had
+
+ 797
+ 00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:04,820
+ paid for to professors
+ and they said,
+
+ 798
+ 00:35:04,820 --> 00:35:05,929
+ now you're strong
+ enough to pay for
+
+ 799
+ 00:35:05,929 --> 00:35:07,640
+ yourself. That's right.
+
+ 800
+ 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:11,540
+ And that was one
+ thing and so forth.
+
+ 801
+ 00:35:11,540 --> 00:35:14,509
+ But started to say
+ that the seminary had
+
+ 802
+ 00:35:14,509 --> 00:35:18,140
+ their homes air and they
+ had two sons and daughters.
+
+ 803
+ 00:35:18,140 --> 00:35:19,625
+ Some of them are fine.
+
+ 804
+ 00:35:19,625 --> 00:35:21,770
+ And they loved where they
+
+ 805
+ 00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:24,350
+ had their connections into
+ churches and schools.
+
+ 806
+ 00:35:24,350 --> 00:35:26,720
+ And it wasn't beautiful,
+
+ 807
+ 00:35:26,720 --> 00:35:31,700
+ Morgan Park, it was
+ beautiful and all of that.
+
+ 808
+ 00:35:31,700 --> 00:35:33,650
+ But anyway, what happened?
+
+ 809
+ 00:35:33,650 --> 00:35:36,515
+ Happened and nitrous,
+ pretty nearly unanimous.
+
+ 810
+ 00:35:36,515 --> 00:35:38,570
+ Now, when they voted into
+ Luke, who you there?
+
+ 811
+ 00:35:38,570 --> 00:35:39,890
+ When they voted on
+ taking money from
+
+ 812
+ 00:35:39,890 --> 00:35:41,570
+ the government for
+ our school here.
+
+ 813
+ 00:35:41,570 --> 00:35:43,669
+ I prayed I was there
+
+ 814
+ 00:35:43,669 --> 00:35:46,040
+ at the time we had
+ that on Malmstrom.
+
+ 815
+ 00:35:46,040 --> 00:35:47,765
+ I prayed, I said, Lord,
+
+ 816
+ 00:35:47,765 --> 00:35:50,315
+ whatever way it goes,
+ this is humbled.
+
+ 817
+ 00:35:50,315 --> 00:35:52,700
+ Whatever way this goes,
+ Make it two to one,
+
+ 818
+ 00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:55,130
+ so that they won't be any
+ digital system in this thing.
+
+ 819
+ 00:35:55,130 --> 00:35:56,570
+ So it'll be so overwhelming.
+
+ 820
+ 00:35:56,570 --> 00:35:58,850
+ And it was two to one
+ in favor of not taking
+
+ 821
+ 00:35:58,850 --> 00:36:01,115
+ government money.
+ Currently himself.
+
+ 822
+ 00:36:01,115 --> 00:36:02,300
+ Dr. Len present himself,
+
+ 823
+ 00:36:02,300 --> 00:36:06,485
+ spoken to the
+ ministers Minneapolis.
+
+ 824
+ 00:36:06,485 --> 00:36:08,195
+ He himself stood there.
+
+ 825
+ 00:36:08,195 --> 00:36:10,565
+ He's my boy. He's
+ in my classroom.
+
+ 826
+ 00:36:10,565 --> 00:36:12,260
+ I love him and he loves me.
+
+ 827
+ 00:36:12,260 --> 00:36:14,194
+ But he said to those ministers,
+
+ 828
+ 00:36:14,194 --> 00:36:15,755
+ you will never get away from it.
+
+ 829
+ 00:36:15,755 --> 00:36:17,510
+ If you take money
+ from the government,
+
+ 830
+ 00:36:17,510 --> 00:36:19,789
+ they'll tell you what he said,
+
+ 831
+ 00:36:19,789 --> 00:36:23,000
+ that he, he didn't make a speech
+
+ 832
+ 00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:24,320
+ and they would be the ones
+
+ 833
+ 00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:26,690
+ you so gracious
+ doctor encouraged.
+
+ 834
+ 00:36:26,690 --> 00:36:30,290
+ And this invite, Dr. Len
+ crescendo on the platform.
+
+ 835
+ 00:36:30,290 --> 00:36:31,955
+ Climactic Li He shed.
+
+ 836
+ 00:36:31,955 --> 00:36:36,575
+ Now we're going to vote no
+ on whichever way this go,
+
+ 837
+ 00:36:36,575 --> 00:36:40,415
+ whether it goes one way or the
+ other way, it's all right.
+
+ 838
+ 00:36:40,415 --> 00:36:41,540
+ We'll just close.
+
+ 839
+ 00:36:41,540 --> 00:36:44,150
+ Irange have worked
+ together in prayer.
+
+ 840
+ 00:36:44,150 --> 00:36:45,934
+ Lord that had beautiful
+
+ 841
+ 00:36:45,934 --> 00:36:48,855
+ and write in English
+ from his heart.
+
+ 842
+ 00:36:48,855 --> 00:36:51,669
+ Well, that's good. You mentioned
+
+ 843
+ 00:36:51,669 --> 00:36:56,125
+ the strong allegiance to the War.
+
+ 844
+ 00:36:56,125 --> 00:36:57,940
+ Second World War.
+
+ 845
+ 00:36:57,940 --> 00:37:01,989
+ Wasn't the conference
+ fairly antiwar
+
+ 846
+ 00:37:01,989 --> 00:37:05,830
+ during the First World
+ War on its history?
+
+ 847
+ 00:37:05,830 --> 00:37:07,629
+ And I wonder how does change,
+
+ 848
+ 00:37:07,629 --> 00:37:09,910
+ while they were such a
+ spirit of patriotism
+
+ 849
+ 00:37:09,910 --> 00:37:12,430
+ sweeping the edu.duke endeavor?
+
+ 850
+ 00:37:12,430 --> 00:37:15,145
+ Some, no doubt as I would
+ be huge, like have some.
+
+ 851
+ 00:37:15,145 --> 00:37:19,330
+ But there were such
+ Illinois Loyalty.
+
+ 852
+ 00:37:19,330 --> 00:37:22,629
+ And now that you even
+ had to harbor you go
+
+ 853
+ 00:37:22,629 --> 00:37:26,515
+ a scant gradations for your
+ food if they found people.
+
+ 854
+ 00:37:26,515 --> 00:37:28,285
+ One of my best friends URL,
+
+ 855
+ 00:37:28,285 --> 00:37:29,950
+ that lawyer in Chicago, earnest.
+
+ 856
+ 00:37:29,950 --> 00:37:31,320
+ He stood up at my wedding.
+
+ 857
+ 00:37:31,320 --> 00:37:33,140
+ Fairness to England.
+
+ 858
+ 00:37:33,140 --> 00:37:36,229
+ He, he's a lawyer in
+ Chicago, Principle Fellow,
+
+ 859
+ 00:37:36,229 --> 00:37:38,000
+ but he was a private officer to
+
+ 860
+ 00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:39,889
+ go around and
+ chicken at homes and
+
+ 861
+ 00:37:39,889 --> 00:37:43,535
+ look at they had hidden
+ away potatoes are a flower.
+
+ 862
+ 00:37:43,535 --> 00:37:45,965
+ And he had carried
+ a gun, Revolver,
+
+ 863
+ 00:37:45,965 --> 00:37:48,230
+ and that she, they,
+
+ 864
+ 00:37:48,230 --> 00:37:49,820
+ that that was a crime.
+
+ 865
+ 00:37:49,820 --> 00:37:51,380
+ You shouldn't harbor food
+
+ 866
+ 00:37:51,380 --> 00:37:53,945
+ or stone when he called
+ it store it and so on.
+
+ 867
+ 00:37:53,945 --> 00:37:56,600
+ But generally
+ speaking, I would say
+
+ 868
+ 00:37:56,600 --> 00:38:01,280
+ it and bang it bonds
+ was almost compulsory.
+
+ 869
+ 00:38:01,280 --> 00:38:03,799
+ I was in big spring, South Dakota
+
+ 870
+ 00:38:03,799 --> 00:38:06,199
+ speaking for the layman
+
+ 871
+ 00:38:06,199 --> 00:38:08,330
+ for money for the
+ college building,
+
+ 872
+ 00:38:08,330 --> 00:38:13,230
+ which had been the catabolic
+ pharmacology billing. And
+
+ 873
+ 00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:18,745
+ they told of a man who came
+ over from, from Germany.
+
+ 874
+ 00:38:18,745 --> 00:38:23,289
+ He was chairman of crushers
+ hearing paper, Jeremy,
+
+ 875
+ 00:38:23,289 --> 00:38:25,570
+ and he had made a
+ lot of money and
+
+ 876
+ 00:38:25,570 --> 00:38:28,525
+ an officer went to him
+ and he said how much.
+
+ 877
+ 00:38:28,525 --> 00:38:31,585
+ He asked him about his
+ property and he answered two.
+
+ 878
+ 00:38:31,585 --> 00:38:34,690
+ He said How how many cavity
+ you had? So on, so on.
+
+ 879
+ 00:38:34,690 --> 00:38:36,369
+ So how much of that
+ you'll want to
+
+ 880
+ 00:38:36,369 --> 00:38:39,325
+ Antoine Shuangcheng,
+ that's on software.
+
+ 881
+ 00:38:39,325 --> 00:38:41,054
+ You've made it an American made
+
+ 882
+ 00:38:41,054 --> 00:38:43,195
+ right here in this
+ state didn't change.
+
+ 883
+ 00:38:43,195 --> 00:38:45,069
+ And you aren't going
+ to buy an elaborate
+
+ 884
+ 00:38:45,069 --> 00:38:48,535
+ about, I tell you what you do.
+
+ 885
+ 00:38:48,535 --> 00:38:52,900
+ You go back to your
+ homeland, the way of Cain.
+
+ 886
+ 00:38:52,900 --> 00:38:57,410
+ Leave this here. I'm not saying
+ that because she did it.
+
+ 887
+ 00:38:58,030 --> 00:39:02,030
+ And good reasons, you're
+
+ 888
+ 00:39:02,030 --> 00:39:03,890
+ not appreciating that you've
+ made all their money here.
+
+ 889
+ 00:39:03,890 --> 00:39:05,689
+ You had opportunities
+ and yet you set
+
+ 890
+ 00:39:05,689 --> 00:39:07,985
+ your foot down
+ against cooperation.
+
+ 891
+ 00:39:07,985 --> 00:39:10,370
+ Where then the
+ Germans said, well,
+
+ 892
+ 00:39:10,370 --> 00:39:12,994
+ what do you want to
+ do that and said,
+
+ 893
+ 00:39:12,994 --> 00:39:16,655
+ I want you to buy $40
+ thousand abundancy setups.
+
+ 894
+ 00:39:16,655 --> 00:39:17,390
+ And he did it.
+
+ 895
+ 00:39:17,390 --> 00:39:19,805
+ He did it, he did well.
+
+ 896
+ 00:39:19,805 --> 00:39:21,080
+ Cz you had those.
+
+ 897
+ 00:39:21,080 --> 00:39:23,510
+ It did one by month and that.
+
+ 898
+ 00:39:23,510 --> 00:39:25,880
+ But most people did.
+ Who could? Who could?
+
+ 899
+ 00:39:25,880 --> 00:39:28,250
+ Every church had a service flag,
+
+ 900
+ 00:39:28,250 --> 00:39:30,875
+ and this isn't very
+ conspicuous place.
+
+ 901
+ 00:39:30,875 --> 00:39:33,890
+ The 990s annual conference listed
+
+ 902
+ 00:39:33,890 --> 00:39:36,529
+ every single somebody's
+ Baptist border
+
+ 903
+ 00:39:36,529 --> 00:39:38,929
+ was in service. So
+ there was a kind of
+
+ 904
+ 00:39:38,929 --> 00:39:43,609
+ and yet just I had recall
+ that tax of Anderson
+
+ 905
+ 00:39:43,609 --> 00:39:46,880
+ and read to us at
+ our church one time
+
+ 906
+ 00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:50,945
+ a resolution which was made
+ that was very anti war.
+
+ 907
+ 00:39:50,945 --> 00:39:54,110
+ I thought that from the
+ early part where there were
+
+ 908
+ 00:39:54,110 --> 00:39:57,485
+ some of that other were
+ anti-war reservoirs.
+
+ 909
+ 00:39:57,485 --> 00:39:58,789
+ There were these general,
+
+ 910
+ 00:39:58,789 --> 00:40:01,850
+ and I'm just wondering how
+ they played really well,
+
+ 911
+ 00:40:01,850 --> 00:40:05,660
+ but it's real sentiment
+ was not that well.
+
+ 912
+ 00:40:05,660 --> 00:40:08,030
+ I don't think there
+ will your mind,
+
+ 913
+ 00:40:08,030 --> 00:40:10,370
+ but yeah, it was a
+ case of patriotism.
+
+ 914
+ 00:40:10,370 --> 00:40:12,559
+ But right now it's
+
+ 915
+ 00:40:12,559 --> 00:40:16,369
+ interesting that she had
+
+ 916
+ 00:40:16,369 --> 00:40:20,900
+ Wb right towards the area
+ during all this time.
+
+ 917
+ 00:40:20,900 --> 00:40:24,020
+ What kind of relationships
+ did the school,
+
+ 918
+ 00:40:24,020 --> 00:40:27,440
+ and I'm very glad
+ close really rally.
+
+ 919
+ 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:29,029
+ The last years I had
+ the honor of being
+
+ 920
+ 00:40:29,029 --> 00:40:31,310
+ a close friend of
+ Dr. alienated me.
+
+ 921
+ 00:40:31,310 --> 00:40:32,824
+ His last letter to me,
+
+ 922
+ 00:40:32,824 --> 00:40:37,009
+ you said that I don't
+ know why it was wonderful
+
+ 923
+ 00:40:37,009 --> 00:40:41,719
+ to she was in his
+ last letter to me,
+
+ 924
+ 00:40:41,719 --> 00:40:43,880
+ I would not see him and
+ even when he was sick.
+
+ 925
+ 00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:46,280
+ And so what ever happened to me?
+
+ 926
+ 00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:47,569
+ He says, I may not be here
+
+ 927
+ 00:40:47,569 --> 00:40:50,930
+ La Jolla in all the
+ years at your school.
+
+ 928
+ 00:40:50,930 --> 00:40:53,510
+ And my school has been
+ here in the Twin Cities.
+
+ 929
+ 00:40:53,510 --> 00:40:55,219
+ We have not found anything to
+
+ 930
+ 00:40:55,219 --> 00:40:57,709
+ criticize your school
+ either spiritually,
+
+ 931
+ 00:40:57,709 --> 00:41:00,725
+ Oscar, elastically, we've
+ had one preferred learning.
+
+ 932
+ 00:41:00,725 --> 00:41:03,245
+ And then he said, we'd
+ ever happened to me.
+
+ 933
+ 00:41:03,245 --> 00:41:04,879
+ I belongs to the Lord. Of course,
+
+ 934
+ 00:41:04,879 --> 00:41:06,064
+ whatever happens to me,
+
+ 935
+ 00:41:06,064 --> 00:41:08,089
+ I want you to
+ continue to speak to
+
+ 936
+ 00:41:08,089 --> 00:41:10,025
+ the Northwestern students
+
+ 937
+ 00:41:10,025 --> 00:41:12,755
+ and where we had that privilege.
+
+ 938
+ 00:41:12,755 --> 00:41:15,170
+ And I wish we had
+
+ 939
+ 00:41:15,170 --> 00:41:18,740
+ the January Conference here
+ and we had it in 5246.
+
+ 940
+ 00:41:18,740 --> 00:41:20,945
+ I think this was on the campus.
+
+ 941
+ 00:41:20,945 --> 00:41:22,850
+ And I I was challenged
+ on a conference.
+
+ 942
+ 00:41:22,850 --> 00:41:24,920
+ Chairman 52. Awesome.
+ But on their way.
+
+ 943
+ 00:41:24,920 --> 00:41:27,844
+ And I was chairman twice anyway,
+
+ 944
+ 00:41:27,844 --> 00:41:31,249
+ and we've got Dr. Ryan
+ and to give a series of
+
+ 945
+ 00:41:31,249 --> 00:41:33,334
+ talks to the General Conference
+
+ 946
+ 00:41:33,334 --> 00:41:35,330
+ and he's drive would
+ come with him.
+
+ 947
+ 00:41:35,330 --> 00:41:37,009
+ I said Dr. Riley,
+
+ 948
+ 00:41:37,009 --> 00:41:39,755
+ give us give us
+ victorious life torch.
+
+ 949
+ 00:41:39,755 --> 00:41:42,905
+ And then I'm going to do
+ just what you're saying.
+
+ 950
+ 00:41:42,905 --> 00:41:45,035
+ I want to try not
+ to talk too long.
+
+ 951
+ 00:41:45,035 --> 00:41:47,210
+ We had it in the
+ hippodrome in February.
+
+ 952
+ 00:41:47,210 --> 00:41:50,930
+ She then piggybacked
+ on their first time.
+
+ 953
+ 00:41:50,930 --> 00:41:51,979
+ We had to have it another hall
+
+ 954
+ 00:41:51,979 --> 00:41:53,210
+ than the hippodrome is built for.
+
+ 955
+ 00:41:53,210 --> 00:41:56,509
+ The second one, environment
+
+ 956
+ 00:41:56,509 --> 00:41:59,150
+ was in charge of
+ reception preparation.
+
+ 957
+ 00:41:59,150 --> 00:42:00,199
+ Keys to wish, you know,
+
+ 958
+ 00:42:00,199 --> 00:42:04,700
+ I think like readmission.
+
+ 959
+ 00:42:04,700 --> 00:42:09,920
+ Dr. Riley had some controversies
+ here via evolution.
+
+ 960
+ 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:15,275
+ Yes, yes. That's kinda
+ funny. At times.
+
+ 961
+ 00:42:15,275 --> 00:42:17,029
+ He, he was going to speak at
+
+ 962
+ 00:42:17,029 --> 00:42:20,240
+ the University of Minnesota
+ and then something happens,
+
+ 963
+ 00:42:20,240 --> 00:42:22,475
+ so he couldn't do it.
+
+ 964
+ 00:42:22,475 --> 00:42:25,099
+ And the kind of credit
+ abroad that they turned it
+
+ 965
+ 00:42:25,099 --> 00:42:29,405
+ down and that made it put it
+ out in English, clear sign.
+
+ 966
+ 00:42:29,405 --> 00:42:31,595
+ And some president
+ Kaufmann, he said,
+
+ 967
+ 00:42:31,595 --> 00:42:34,760
+ we'll have him said we were
+ not rejecting against him.
+
+ 968
+ 00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:36,770
+ I don't know what the
+ cause of the other wedge.
+
+ 969
+ 00:42:36,770 --> 00:42:38,809
+ And so he arranged to have
+
+ 970
+ 00:42:38,809 --> 00:42:41,989
+ William Jennings
+ Bryan to have Dr.
+
+ 971
+ 00:42:41,989 --> 00:42:44,930
+ Riley and to speak
+ and announced that
+
+ 972
+ 00:42:44,930 --> 00:42:48,620
+ the university so you'd have
+ a free reign right away.
+
+ 973
+ 00:42:48,620 --> 00:42:50,240
+ And then something happened.
+
+ 974
+ 00:42:50,240 --> 00:42:51,980
+ Just a doctor, violet
+
+ 975
+ 00:42:51,980 --> 00:42:54,049
+ Kaufman was pregnant. Uterus has
+
+ 976
+ 00:42:54,049 --> 00:42:55,880
+ rightly or roaster speech.
+
+ 977
+ 00:42:55,880 --> 00:42:59,150
+ So packed up above the
+ ceiling with lub dub.
+
+ 978
+ 00:42:59,150 --> 00:43:03,439
+ Amongst the artificial
+ monkey showed was that
+
+ 979
+ 00:43:03,439 --> 00:43:06,139
+ rescue Fred Ryan and
+
+ 980
+ 00:43:06,139 --> 00:43:08,600
+ President COP and leapt
+ up like a gentleman.
+
+ 981
+ 00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:10,294
+ He says, I want to apologize,
+
+ 982
+ 00:43:10,294 --> 00:43:11,750
+ Dr. Riley, for this.
+
+ 983
+ 00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:14,570
+ It's a prank and
+ were ashamed of it.
+
+ 984
+ 00:43:14,570 --> 00:43:16,460
+ You said that was well done.
+
+ 985
+ 00:43:16,460 --> 00:43:25,620
+ You've seen in another
+ debate name was Dr. Schmidt.
+
+ 986
+ 00:43:26,050 --> 00:43:28,519
+ Yeah, the name is Dr. Smith of
+
+ 987
+ 00:43:28,519 --> 00:43:30,619
+ the speaker or the other side
+
+ 988
+ 00:43:30,619 --> 00:43:32,420
+ of the question about evolution.
+
+ 989
+ 00:43:32,420 --> 00:43:34,904
+ And he brought a Montague
+
+ 990
+ 00:43:34,904 --> 00:43:39,490
+ rather it's published
+ match right there.
+
+ 991
+ 00:43:39,490 --> 00:43:43,450
+ And that speaker broader
+ monkey and rarely leave.
+
+ 992
+ 00:43:43,450 --> 00:43:46,990
+ We says, I see, I
+ see I was mistaken.
+
+ 993
+ 00:43:46,990 --> 00:43:50,110
+ I thought I was going to
+ speak to Dr. Schmidt,
+
+ 994
+ 00:43:50,110 --> 00:43:51,519
+ but now I'm speaking to the Smith
+
+ 995
+ 00:43:51,519 --> 00:43:57,670
+ Brother's got the government
+ took the OD is just wrong.
+
+ 996
+ 00:43:57,670 --> 00:44:02,830
+ And I guess everybody
+ around them, Dr. Riley was,
+
+ 997
+ 00:44:02,830 --> 00:44:05,830
+ as I understood it, a great
+ brand and the labor and
+
+ 998
+ 00:44:05,830 --> 00:44:08,815
+ the poor in his cargo.
+
+ 999
+ 00:44:08,815 --> 00:44:11,350
+ Yes, but he didn't
+ let him run him.
+
+ 1000
+ 00:44:11,350 --> 00:44:16,610
+ He didn't let a running VM
+ or human friend. All right?
+
+ 1001
+ 00:44:16,750 --> 00:44:20,130
+ He was, he was a genius.
+
+ 1002
+ 00:44:21,220 --> 00:44:24,335
+ They had a debate in this church
+
+ 1003
+ 00:44:24,335 --> 00:44:28,250
+ and nobody wish to speak
+ with those two speakers.
+
+ 1004
+ 00:44:28,250 --> 00:44:30,349
+ And one rally agreed with,
+
+ 1005
+ 00:44:30,349 --> 00:44:32,210
+ and the other one of course,
+ he didn't agree with.
+
+ 1006
+ 00:44:32,210 --> 00:44:34,970
+ And when averaged over,
+
+ 1007
+ 00:44:34,970 --> 00:44:39,350
+ nobody was allowed to speak
+ notion and interests over.
+
+ 1008
+ 00:44:39,350 --> 00:44:42,065
+ Dr. Riley had been
+ an estimate to make.
+
+ 1009
+ 00:44:42,065 --> 00:44:44,360
+ And so he got a big announcement.
+
+ 1010
+ 00:44:44,360 --> 00:44:45,829
+ And then he said, and by the way,
+
+ 1011
+ 00:44:45,829 --> 00:44:47,269
+ I'd like to say this,
+
+ 1012
+ 00:44:47,269 --> 00:44:48,499
+ I think I'll take over
+
+ 1013
+ 00:44:48,499 --> 00:44:49,880
+ the preacher purse
+ because he's easy.
+
+ 1014
+ 00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:51,795
+ Stan Lee said wonders
+ appreciative.
+
+ 1015
+ 00:44:51,795 --> 00:44:55,460
+ And then he went and
+ covered the whole 6-bit,
+
+ 1016
+ 00:44:55,460 --> 00:45:00,080
+ took away the flag victory.
+
+ 1017
+ 00:45:00,080 --> 00:45:02,779
+ He expressed sided one,
+
+ 1018
+ 00:45:02,779 --> 00:45:05,675
+ I think while I think he
+ disagreed with both of them.
+
+ 1019
+ 00:45:05,675 --> 00:45:08,090
+ So he says handled
+ administer versus easiest.
+
+ 1020
+ 00:45:08,090 --> 00:45:09,169
+ And likewise that helped,
+
+ 1021
+ 00:45:09,169 --> 00:45:12,485
+ you know, the other
+ side how many?
+
+ 1022
+ 00:45:12,485 --> 00:45:14,960
+ He covered both of them and
+
+ 1023
+ 00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:18,330
+ got in the what he called
+ the truth than the matter.
+
+ 1024
+ 00:45:18,460 --> 00:45:22,730
+ You're smart. Did you
+ preach in your rallies?
+
+ 1025
+ 00:45:22,730 --> 00:45:27,139
+ Charity I purchase I
+ Princeton at the time,
+
+ 1026
+ 00:45:27,139 --> 00:45:30,680
+ maybe that pitch duration and
+ Tabernacle Baptist Church.
+
+ 1027
+ 00:45:30,680 --> 00:45:32,570
+ But I preached in 50 churches
+
+ 1028
+ 00:45:32,570 --> 00:45:34,670
+ inter-institutional
+ with smaller Jersey.
+
+ 1029
+ 00:45:34,670 --> 00:45:37,474
+ Yeah, I'm Swedish Baptist,
+
+ 1030
+ 00:45:37,474 --> 00:45:41,340
+ American Baptist,
+ Presbyterian, Luther,
+
+ 1031
+ 00:45:42,040 --> 00:45:49,460
+ Episcopalian ones, and
+ sometimes junior services.
+
+ 1032
+ 00:45:49,460 --> 00:45:51,425
+ I had an illustration.
+
+ 1033
+ 00:45:51,425 --> 00:45:53,135
+ We'll close with this shabby,
+
+ 1034
+ 00:45:53,135 --> 00:45:56,375
+ This is beautiful, and
+ they want me to repeat it.
+
+ 1035
+ 00:45:56,375 --> 00:45:59,000
+ A man was way out in the wilds
+
+ 1036
+ 00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:01,475
+ of the Northwest United States,
+
+ 1037
+ 00:46:01,475 --> 00:46:04,009
+ and he was all alone,
+
+ 1038
+ 00:46:04,009 --> 00:46:07,890
+ working as a pioneer
+ and he dug a well.
+ recorded_at: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:51:45 GMT
+recorded_with: VCR 6.1.0
diff --git a/spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes/kaltura_video_playlist.yml b/spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes/kaltura/video_playlist.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes/kaltura_video_playlist.yml
rename to spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes/kaltura/video_playlist.yml
diff --git a/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map_spec.rb b/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map_spec.rb
index df250050..88641e92 100644
--- a/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map_spec.rb
@@ -1,44 +1,38 @@
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_asset.rb'
require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_image.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_pdf.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_ppt.rb'
+
module MDL
describe BorealisAssetMap do
it 'default maps to the image viewer' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new.map).to be BorealisImage
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: nil).map).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap[nil]).to be BorealisImage
end
it 'correctly maps images' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'image/jp2').map).to be BorealisImage
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'image/jp2;').map).to be BorealisImage
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'tif').map).to be BorealisImage
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'jp2').map).to be BorealisImage
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'jpg').map).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['image/jp2']).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['image/jp2;']).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['tif']).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['jp2']).to be BorealisImage
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['jpg']).to be BorealisImage
end
it 'correctly maps video' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'mp4').map).to be BorealisVideo
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'video/mp4').map).to be BorealisVideo
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'video/DV').map).to be BorealisVideo
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'video/dv video/mp4').map).to be BorealisVideo
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['mp4']).to be BorealisVideo
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['video/mp4']).to be BorealisVideo
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['video/DV']).to be BorealisVideo
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['video/dv video/mp4']).to be BorealisVideo
end
it 'correctly maps pdf' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'pdf').map).to be BorealisPdf
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'pdfpage').map).to be BorealisPdf
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'application/pdf').map).to be BorealisPdf
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['pdf']).to be BorealisPdf
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['pdfpage']).to be BorealisPdf
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['application/pdf']).to be BorealisPdf
end
it 'correctly maps audio' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'mp3').map).to be BorealisAudio
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['mp3']).to be BorealisAudio
end
it 'correctly maps ppt' do
- expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap.new(format_field: 'pptx').map).to be BorealisPpt
+ expect(MDL::BorealisAssetMap['pptx']).to be BorealisPpt
end
end
end
diff --git a/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_document_spec.rb b/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_document_spec.rb
index ddbf472a..0ff3ab16 100644
--- a/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_document_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/mdl/borealis_document_spec.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_asset.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_image.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_audio.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_video.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_pdf.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_asset_map.rb'
+require 'rails_helper'
require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_document.rb'
-require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/borealis_ppt.rb'
module MDL
describe BorealisDocument do
- let(:asset_klass) { double }
let(:document) do
{'id' => 'foo:123', 'format' => 'image/jp2', 'title_ssi' => 'blerg'}
end
@@ -52,9 +45,122 @@ module MDL
)
end
+ describe '#assets' do
+ context 'with audio doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :audio) }
+
+ it 'contains Audio assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(2)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([
+ BorealisAudio,
+ BorealisPdf,
+ ])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with audio playlist doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :audio_playlist) }
+
+ it 'contains Audio assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(2)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([
+ BorealisAudio,
+ BorealisPdf,
+ ])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with video doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :video) }
+
+ it 'contains Video assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(2)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([
+ BorealisVideo,
+ BorealisPdf,
+ ])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with video playlist doc' do
+ let(:document) do
+ FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :video_playlist)
+ end
+
+ it 'contains Video assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(2)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([
+ BorealisVideo,
+ BorealisPdf,
+ ])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with image doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :image) }
+
+ it 'contains Image assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisImage])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'when format_tesi is null' do
+ before do
+ document.document.delete('compound_objects_ts')
+ document.document.delete('format_tesi')
+ end
+
+ context 'with audio doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :audio) }
+
+ it 'contains Audio assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisAudio])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with audio playlist doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :audio_playlist) }
+
+ it 'contains Audio assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisAudio])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with video doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :video) }
+
+ it 'contains Video assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisVideo])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with video playlist doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :video_playlist) }
+
+ it 'contains Video assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisVideo])
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with image doc' do
+ let(:document) { FactoryBot.build(:borealis_document, :image) }
+
+ it 'contains Image assets' do
+ expect(document.assets.size).to eq(1)
+ expect(document.assets.map(&:class)).to eq([BorealisImage])
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
describe '#manifest_url' do
subject do
- BorealisDocument.new(document: document).manifest_url
+ BorealisDocument.new(document:).manifest_url
end
it do
diff --git a/spec/lib/mdl/captions_formatter_spec.rb b/spec/lib/mdl/captions_formatter_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..510a1cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/mdl/captions_formatter_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+require_relative '../../../lib/mdl/captions_formatter'
+
+module MDL
+ describe CaptionsFormatter do
+ around do |spec|
+ VCR.use_cassette('kaltura/captions', tag: :kaltura) { spec.run }
+ end
+
+ describe '.format' do
+ context 'with a video item' do
+ let(:doc) do
+ {
+ 'id' => 'foo/1',
+ 'video' => "0_2f0zy0t1\n"
+ }
+ end
+
+ it 'fetches the caption data from Kaltura' do
+ result = described_class.format(doc)
+ expect(JSON.parse(result)['0_2f0zy0t1']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:12.020 --> 00:00:14.110
+ Okay.
+ VTT
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with a video playlist' do
+ let(:doc) do
+ {
+ 'id' => 'foo/1',
+ 'videoa' => '1_or91f5dp; 1_nfct7x5c; 1_0wmrqvpc; 1_ivkawv6u'
+ }
+ end
+
+ it 'fetches all the caption data from Kaltura' do
+ result = described_class.format(doc)
+ parsed_result = JSON.parse(result)
+ expect(parsed_result['1_or91f5dp']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:05.570 --> 00:00:09.255
+ Hello. Today is July 30th, 1992.
+ VTT
+ expect(parsed_result['1_nfct7x5c']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:13.860 --> 00:00:17.950
+ Okay. This time trauma.
+ VTT
+ expect(parsed_result['1_0wmrqvpc']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:03.320 --> 00:00:10.590
+ Yeah. Yeah. Maybe a
+ backup a little I guess.
+ VTT
+ expect(parsed_result['1_ivkawv6u']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:15.740 --> 00:00:19.560
+ Okay, my final question is,
+ VTT
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with an audio item' do
+ let(:doc) do
+ {
+ 'id' => 'foo/1',
+ 'audio' => "0_sihb7jhg\n"
+ }
+ end
+
+ it 'fetches the caption data from Kaltura' do
+ result = described_class.format(doc)
+ expect(JSON.parse(result)['0_sihb7jhg']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:08.400 --> 00:00:12.100
+ That'll college
+ and seminary today
+ VTT
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with an audio playlist' do
+ let(:doc) do
+ {
+ 'id' => 'foo/1',
+ 'audioa' => '0_5rthihg2; 0_k50pdtzh'
+ }
+ end
+
+ it 'fetches all the caption data from Kaltura' do
+ result = described_class.format(doc)
+ parsed_result = JSON.parse(result)
+ expect(parsed_result['0_5rthihg2']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:06.500 --> 00:00:09.525
+ Sorry. Titled his talk.
+ VTT
+ expect(parsed_result['0_k50pdtzh']).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:04.500 --> 00:00:08.930
+ I think it's time for
+ us to begin today.
+ VTT
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'with a non-A/V item' do
+ let(:doc) do
+ { 'id' => 'foo/1' }
+ end
+
+ it 'does not fetch the caption data from Kaltura' do
+ expect(described_class.format(doc)).to eq(nil)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
diff --git a/spec/lib/mdl/download_asset_spec.rb b/spec/lib/mdl/download_asset_spec.rb
index dac67982..83908d3e 100644
--- a/spec/lib/mdl/download_asset_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/mdl/download_asset_spec.rb
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@
end
describe '.assets_from_manifest_v3' do
- let(:manifest_v3) { IiifManifest.new(doc).as_json }
+ let(:manifest_v3) do
+ IiifManifest.new(doc, base_url: 'collection.mndigital.com').as_json
+ end
context 'with a playlist' do
let(:doc) { build(:borealis_document, :video_playlist) }
diff --git a/spec/lib/mdl/kaltura_playlist_data_formatter_spec.rb b/spec/lib/mdl/kaltura_playlist_data_formatter_spec.rb
index 58578b88..89335286 100644
--- a/spec/lib/mdl/kaltura_playlist_data_formatter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/mdl/kaltura_playlist_data_formatter_spec.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module MDL
end
it 'calls Kaltura to get the playlist, and the the content' do
- VCR.use_cassette('kaltura_audio_playlist') do
+ VCR.use_cassette('kaltura/audio_playlist', tag: :kaltura) do
expect(JSON.parse(result, symbolize_names: true )).to eq([
{ entry_id: '1_aodbyxua', duration: 665, name: 'Interview with Vishant Shah, Part 1' },
{ entry_id: '1_880z74b6', duration: 608, name: 'Interview with Vishant Shah, Part 2' },
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module MDL
end
it 'fetches the playlist from Kaltura' do
- VCR.use_cassette('kaltura_video_playlist') do
+ VCR.use_cassette('kaltura/video_playlist', tag: :kaltura) do
parsed_result = JSON.parse(result, symbolize_names: true )
expect(parsed_result.size).to eq(2)
diff --git a/spec/models/iiif_manifest_spec.rb b/spec/models/iiif_manifest_spec.rb
index eeebd551..e6612be6 100644
--- a/spec/models/iiif_manifest_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/iiif_manifest_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
describe IiifManifest do
describe '#as_json' do
- let(:instance) { IiifManifest.new(doc) }
+ let(:instance) do
+ IiifManifest.new(doc, base_url: 'https://collection.mndigital.org')
+ end
context 'with a video doc' do
let(:doc) { build(:borealis_document, :video) }
@@ -54,6 +56,20 @@
]
}
],
+ 'rendering' => [
+ {
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/sll:22548/entry/1_fisppzr2.vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ },
+ {
+ 'duration' => 7260,
+ 'format' => 'video/mp4',
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_fisppzr2/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'type' => 'Video'
+ }
+ ],
'thumbnail' => [
{
'id' => '/images/video-1.png',
@@ -135,6 +151,20 @@
]
}
],
+ 'rendering' => [
+ {
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1194/entry/1_i1bal3lz.vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ },
+ {
+ 'duration' => 3734,
+ 'format' => 'audio/mp4',
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_i1bal3lz/flavorId/1_atuqqpf6/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'type' => 'Sound'
+ }
+ ],
'thumbnail' => [
{
'id' => '/images/audio-3.png',
@@ -190,6 +220,7 @@
'St. Paul',
'MN 51102-1906'
])
+ expect(result['rendering'].size).to eq(5)
expect(result['rendering'][0]['id']).to eq('https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_or91f5dp/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4')
expect(result['rendering'][0]['type']).to eq('Video')
expect(result['rendering'][0]['label']['en']).to eq(['Video Part 1'])
@@ -238,6 +269,17 @@
'duration' => 387,
'format' => 'video/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1121/entry/1_or91f5dp.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_or91f5dp/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'video/mp4',
+ 'duration' => 387,
+ 'type' => 'Video'
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1121/canvas/0#t=0,387'
},
{
@@ -252,6 +294,17 @@
'duration' => 1876,
'format' => 'video/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1121/entry/1_nfct7x5c.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_nfct7x5c/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'video/mp4',
+ 'duration' => 1876,
+ 'type' => 'Video'
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1121/canvas/0#t=387,2263'
},
{
@@ -266,6 +319,17 @@
'duration' => 1699,
'format' => 'video/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1121/entry/1_0wmrqvpc.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_0wmrqvpc/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'video/mp4',
+ 'duration' => 1699,
+ 'type' => 'Video'
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1121/canvas/0#t=2263,3962'
},
{
@@ -280,6 +344,17 @@
'duration' => 228,
'format' => 'video/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1121/entry/1_ivkawv6u.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_ivkawv6u/flavorId/1_uivmmxof/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'video/mp4',
+ 'duration' => 228,
+ 'type' => 'Video'
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1121/canvas/0#t=3962,4190'
}
]
@@ -380,6 +455,7 @@
'St. Paul',
'MN 51102-1906'
])
+ expect(result['rendering'].size).to eq(4)
expect(result['rendering'][0]['id']).to eq('https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_m9tvjl6o/flavorId/1_atuqqpf6/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4')
expect(result['rendering'][0]['type']).to eq('Sound')
expect(result['rendering'][0]['label']['en']).to eq(['Audio Part 1'])
@@ -419,6 +495,17 @@
'duration' => 1812,
'format' => 'audio/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1013/entry/1_m9tvjl6o.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_m9tvjl6o/flavorId/1_atuqqpf6/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'audio/mp4',
+ 'type' => 'Sound',
+ 'duration' => 1812
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1013/canvas/0#t=0,1812'
},
{
@@ -431,6 +518,17 @@
'duration' => 1898,
'format' => 'audio/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1013/entry/1_vpgan6fg.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_vpgan6fg/flavorId/1_atuqqpf6/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'audio/mp4',
+ 'type' => 'Sound',
+ 'duration' => 1898
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1013/canvas/0#t=1812,3710'
},
{
@@ -443,6 +541,17 @@
'duration' => 471,
'format' => 'audio/mp4'
},
+ 'rendering' => [{
+ 'id' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/tracks/p16022coll548:1013/entry/1_zz7vf4az.vtt',
+ 'format' => 'text/vtt',
+ 'label' => { 'en' => ['English'] },
+ 'type' => 'Text'
+ }, {
+ 'id' => 'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1369852/sp/136985200/playManifest/entryId/1_zz7vf4az/flavorId/1_atuqqpf6/format/url/protocol/http/a.mp4',
+ 'format' => 'audio/mp4',
+ 'type' => 'Sound',
+ 'duration' => 471
+ }],
'target' => 'https://collection.mndigital.org/iiif/info/p16022coll548/1013/canvas/0#t=3710,4181'
}
]
diff --git a/spec/rails_helper.rb b/spec/rails_helper.rb
index 34d34d8d..ddfedeef 100644
--- a/spec/rails_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/rails_helper.rb
@@ -21,11 +21,46 @@
config.cassette_library_dir = "spec/fixtures/vcr_cassettes"
config.hook_into :webmock
config.allow_http_connections_when_no_cassette = false
- config.default_cassette_options = { record: :once }
+ config.default_cassette_options = {
+ record: ENV.fetch('VCR_RECORD_MODE', :once).to_sym,
+ match_requests_on: %i(method uri body query)
+ }
config.ignore_localhost = true
- config.filter_sensitive_data('') do |int|
- if int.request.uri.match(%r{www.kaltura.com})
- JSON.parse(int.request.body)['ks']
+ # config.debug_logger = $stdout
+ config.filter_sensitive_data('', :kaltura) do |int|
+ req = int.request
+ next unless req.uri.match(%r{www.kaltura.com})
+
+ case req.method
+ when :post then JSON.parse(req.body)['ks']
+ when :get then req.uri.match(/ks=(.*)\z/).captures[0]
+ end
+ end
+ config.filter_sensitive_data('', :kaltura) do |int|
+ req = int.request
+ next unless req.method == :post
+ next unless req.uri.match(%r{www.kaltura.com})
+
+ JSON.parse(req.body)['kalsig']
+ end
+ ###
+ # VCR hook called before the cassette is matched against an outgoing request.
+ # Here we must reverse the effects of the +filter_sensitive_data+ hooks above.
+ # Unfortunately, that includes recalculating the request signature applied by
+ # the Kaltura SDK.
+ config.before_playback(:kaltura) do |int|
+ req = int.request
+ next unless req.uri.match(%r{www.kaltura.com})
+
+ case req.method
+ when :get then req.uri.sub!('', ENV['KALTURA_SESSION'].to_s)
+ when :post
+ req.body.sub!('', ENV['KALTURA_SESSION'].to_s)
+ client = Kaltura::KalturaClient.new(Kaltura::KalturaConfiguration.new)
+ params = JSON.parse(req.body).except('kalsig')
+ sig = client.signature(params)
+ params['kalsig'] = sig
+ req.body = JSON.generate(params)
end
end
end
diff --git a/spec/requests/captions_spec.rb b/spec/requests/captions_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0274c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/requests/captions_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe 'fetching captions for A/V items' do
+ let(:captions) { <<~VTT }
+ WEBVTT
+
+ 1
+ 00:00:00.720 --> 00:00:05.680
+ All right. It's
+ February 19, 2019,
+
+ 2
+ 00:00:05.680 --> 00:00:07.600
+ and I'm at the Continuing Legal
+
+ 3
+ 00:00:07.600 --> 00:00:10.320
+ Education Center
+ in Minneapolis to
+
+ 4
+ 00:00:10.320 --> 00:00:12.040
+ Interview Retired
+ Minnesota Supreme
+
+ 5
+ 00:00:12.040 --> 00:00:13.660
+ Court Justice Allen Page
+ VTT
+
+ before { solr_fixtures('sll:22548') }
+
+ it 'returns the captions' do
+ get "/tracks/sll:22548/entry/1_fisppzr2.vtt"
+ expect(response.body).to start_with(captions)
+ end
+end
diff --git a/spec/requests/uvconfig_spec.rb b/spec/requests/uvconfig_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 84d3f49c..00000000
--- a/spec/requests/uvconfig_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-require 'rails_helper'
-
-describe 'UV config requests' do
- let(:headers) do
- { 'Accept' => 'application/json' }
- end
-
- context 'with an AV playlist' do
- before { solr_fixtures('sll:22470') }
-
- it 'returns config for left panel closed' do
- get('/uvconfig/sll:22470', headers:)
- expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
- parsed_body = JSON.parse(response.body)
- panel_open = parsed_body.dig(
- 'modules',
- 'contentLeftPanel',
- 'options',
- 'panelOpen'
- )
- expect(panel_open).to eq(false)
- end
- end
-
- context 'with a non-playlist' do
- before { solr_fixtures('msn:2277') }
-
- it 'returns config for left panel open' do
- get('/uvconfig/msn:2277', headers:)
- expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
- parsed_body = JSON.parse(response.body)
- panel_open = parsed_body.dig(
- 'modules',
- 'contentLeftPanel',
- 'options',
- 'panelOpen'
- )
- expect(panel_open).to eq(true)
- end
- end
-end
diff --git a/spec/services/fetch_caption_service_spec.rb b/spec/services/fetch_caption_service_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..403cb7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/services/fetch_caption_service_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe FetchCaptionService do
+ around do |spec|
+ VCR.use_cassette('kaltura/captions', tag: :kaltura) { spec.run }
+ end
+
+ context 'when there is more than one format available' do
+ it 'fetches the VTT data from Kaltura' do
+ captions = described_class.fetch('0_2f0zy0t1')
+ expect(captions).to start_with(<<~VTT)
+ 1
+ 00:00:12,020 --> 00:00:14,110
+ Okay.
+ VTT
+ end
+ end
+
+ context 'when no captions are available' do
+ it 'returns nil' do
+ expect(described_class.fetch('asdf')).to eq(nil)
+ end
+ end
+end
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 85ad8c1a..a0ba4af9 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1215,160 +1215,6 @@
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@discoveryjs/json-ext/-/json-ext-0.5.7.tgz#1d572bfbbe14b7704e0ba0f39b74815b84870d70"
integrity sha512-dBVuXR082gk3jsFp7Rd/JI4kytwGHecnCoTtXFb7DB6CNHp4rg5k1bhg0nWdLGLnOV71lmDzGQaLMy8iPLY0pw==
-"@edsilv/exjs@0.5.1":
- version "0.5.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@edsilv/exjs/-/exjs-0.5.1.tgz#c472a2b50fcb0b7e0fcd4ec95f08bc2fa4c4bbee"
- integrity sha512-KzmP/FRPZuI8stWdr39TlAMjADVBzWg+E1Qd+GZ79lUmP5By2lrKR4LCFNF098wU9x+phCDBoJm9OkavI9zJeg==
-
-"@edsilv/http-status-codes@0.0.12":
- version "0.0.12"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@edsilv/http-status-codes/-/http-status-codes-0.0.12.tgz#9d13600f1fa26161bc96cb7025bc767cd8b8993d"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/node" "^7.0.5"
-
-"@edsilv/http-status-codes@^1.0.3":
- version "1.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@edsilv/http-status-codes/-/http-status-codes-1.0.3.tgz#a1b767c552ac43f2983ab2b9ee20e9c73b79960b"
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-
-"@edsilv/jquery-plugins@1.0.7":
- version "1.0.7"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@edsilv/jquery-plugins/-/jquery-plugins-1.0.7.tgz#192ea944112860364aa6bbd849c33a5b05b09ca4"
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-
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- version "0.0.9"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@edsilv/key-codes/-/key-codes-0.0.9.tgz#70b411e8812887c14954a2b809cb05896e0cc853"
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- dependencies:
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-
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-
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- dependencies:
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-
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- dependencies:
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-"@iiif/base-component@2.*", "@iiif/base-component@2.0.1":
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- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@iiif/vocabulary/-/vocabulary-1.0.20.tgz#e55d690da93d0870d66529c76bcf797229201c14"
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resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@istanbuljs/load-nyc-config/-/load-nyc-config-1.1.0.tgz#fd3db1d59ecf7cf121e80650bb86712f9b55eced"
@@ -1773,37 +1619,6 @@
dependencies:
"@types/istanbul-lib-report" "*"
-"@types/jquery@*":
- version "3.5.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jquery/-/jquery-3.5.5.tgz#2c63f47c9c8d96693d272f5453602afd8338c903"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/sizzle" "*"
-
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- version "2.0.34"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jquery/-/jquery-2.0.34.tgz#27615b369f30e572336126514e74672dda6e3d04"
- integrity sha1-J2FbNp8w5XIzYSZRTnRnLdpuPQQ=
-
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- version "3.3.14"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jquery/-/jquery-3.3.14.tgz#7c78e18f8c4bf9a8eae1de62815493ab1d7cc04f"
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- dependencies:
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-
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- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jquery/-/jquery-2.0.56.tgz#f66eb15126b0b63b9a0e7951cbadd4eea9eb85d9"
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-
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- version "1.12.15"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jqueryui/-/jqueryui-1.12.15.tgz#401732371c6fcbace711b609590b9e343f8f6bab"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/jquery" "*"
-
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version "20.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jsdom/-/jsdom-20.0.1.tgz#07c14bc19bd2f918c1929541cdaacae894744808"
@@ -1818,45 +1633,16 @@
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/json-schema/-/json-schema-7.0.11.tgz#d421b6c527a3037f7c84433fd2c4229e016863d3"
integrity sha512-wOuvG1SN4Us4rez+tylwwwCV1psiNVOkJeM3AUWUNWg/jDQY2+HE/444y5gc+jBmRqASOm2Oeh5c1axHobwRKQ==
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- version "3.4.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jszip/-/jszip-3.4.1.tgz#e7a4059486e494c949ef750933d009684227846f"
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- dependencies:
- jszip "*"
-
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- version "0.0.34"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/localforage/-/localforage-0.0.34.tgz#5e31c32dd8791ec4b9ff3ef47c9cb55b2d0d9438"
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- dependencies:
- localforage "*"
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"@types/minimatch@*":
version "5.1.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/minimatch/-/minimatch-5.1.2.tgz#07508b45797cb81ec3f273011b054cd0755eddca"
integrity sha512-K0VQKziLUWkVKiRVrx4a40iPaxTUefQmjtkQofBkYRcoaaL/8rhwDWww9qWbrgicNOgnpIsMxyNIUM4+n6dUIA==
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- version "3.2.29"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/modernizr/-/modernizr-3.2.29.tgz#0182952922144395715c64dd5f86fd36c1aebebe"
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version "18.15.11"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-18.15.11.tgz#b3b790f09cb1696cffcec605de025b088fa4225f"
integrity sha512-E5Kwq2n4SbMzQOn6wnmBjuK9ouqlURrcZDVfbo9ftDDTFt3nk7ZKK4GMOzoYgnpQJKcxwQw+lGaBvvlMo0qN/Q==
-"@types/node@8.10.52":
- version "8.10.52"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-8.10.52.tgz#ef0ca1809994e20186090408b8cb7f2a6877d5f9"
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-
-"@types/node@^7.0.5", "@types/node@^7.0.65":
- version "7.10.14"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-7.10.14.tgz#06fa7319b8131b969a8da4a14c487e6f28abacf7"
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version "15.7.11"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/prop-types/-/prop-types-15.7.11.tgz#2596fb352ee96a1379c657734d4b913a613ad563"
@@ -1878,55 +1664,21 @@
"@types/scheduler" "*"
csstype "^3.0.2"
-"@types/requirejs@2.1.28":
- version "2.1.28"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/requirejs/-/requirejs-2.1.28.tgz#bfb2c1d5a03a22ab137ff020abae9338b66efdad"
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version "0.16.8"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/scheduler/-/scheduler-0.16.8.tgz#ce5ace04cfeabe7ef87c0091e50752e36707deff"
integrity sha512-WZLiwShhwLRmeV6zH+GkbOFT6Z6VklCItrDioxUnv+u4Ll+8vKeFySoFyK/0ctcRpOmwAicELfmys1sDc/Rw+A==
-"@types/sizzle@*":
- version "2.3.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/sizzle/-/sizzle-2.3.3.tgz#ff5e2f1902969d305225a047c8a0fd5c915cebef"
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-
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version "2.0.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/stack-utils/-/stack-utils-2.0.3.tgz#6209321eb2c1712a7e7466422b8cb1fc0d9dd5d8"
integrity sha512-9aEbYZ3TbYMznPdcdr3SmIrLXwC/AKZXQeCf9Pgao5CKb8CyHuEX5jzWPTkvregvhRJHcpRO6BFoGW9ycaOkYw==
-"@types/three@0.84.20":
- version "0.84.20"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/three/-/three-0.84.20.tgz#1c47dc40f3964b9832036b77837f19e9a6130bba"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/webvr-api" "*"
-
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- version "0.91.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/three/-/three-0.91.0.tgz#233c4ff8c6e2fefaea4e8e0a969bac6bc94aba36"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/webvr-api" "*"
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resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/tough-cookie/-/tough-cookie-4.0.5.tgz#cb6e2a691b70cb177c6e3ae9c1d2e8b2ea8cd304"
integrity sha512-/Ad8+nIOV7Rl++6f1BdKxFSMgmoqEoYbHRpPcx3JEfv8VRsQe9Z4mCXeJBzxs7mbHY/XOZZuXlRNfhpVPbs6ZA==
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- version "0.0.36"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/webvr-api/-/webvr-api-0.0.36.tgz#39d2694cb40d816805a285c7ed3c7ceb488b371a"
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-
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- version "0.0.31"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/webvr-api/-/webvr-api-0.0.31.tgz#f6061fe88a035d34a8b6a0c55f8758901ec8a08e"
- integrity sha1-9gYf6IoDXTSotqDFX4dYkB7IoI4=
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"@types/yargs-parser@*":
version "21.0.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/yargs-parser/-/yargs-parser-21.0.3.tgz#815e30b786d2e8f0dcd85fd5bcf5e1a04d008f15"
@@ -1939,42 +1691,6 @@
dependencies:
"@types/yargs-parser" "*"
-"@universalviewer/epubjs@^0.3.85-uv.17":
- version "0.3.85-uv.17"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@universalviewer/epubjs/-/epubjs-0.3.85-uv.17.tgz#97f962d8a26c40f1c1a37bc02afbd0e011cb4500"
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- dependencies:
- "@types/jszip" "^3.1.4"
- "@types/localforage" "0.0.34"
- cross-env "^6.0.3"
- event-emitter "^0.3.5"
- jszip "^3.1.5"
- localforage "^1.7.2"
- lodash "^4.17.10"
- marks-pane "^1.0.9"
- path-webpack "0.0.3"
- stream-browserify "^2.0.1"
- url-polyfill "^1.1.3"
- xmldom "^0.1.27"
-
-"@universalviewer/uv-cy-gb-theme@1.1.2":
- version "1.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@universalviewer/uv-cy-gb-theme/-/uv-cy-gb-theme-1.1.2.tgz#6d816f36dff18046d00c28fa96173b9c63c759a4"
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-
-"@universalviewer/uv-ebook-components@^1.0.0":
- version "1.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@universalviewer/uv-ebook-components/-/uv-ebook-components-1.0.2.tgz#3b0302528eb7e9469567f9e4d20217b59bfdc1cb"
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- dependencies:
- "@universalviewer/epubjs" "^0.3.85-uv.17"
- jszip "^3.2.2"
-
-"@universalviewer/uv-en-gb-theme@1.1.2":
- version "1.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@universalviewer/uv-en-gb-theme/-/uv-en-gb-theme-1.1.2.tgz#b6b9dcc957b5d63067e56daef7a298f7c0a21458"
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-
"@webassemblyjs/ast@1.9.0":
version "1.9.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@webassemblyjs/ast/-/ast-1.9.0.tgz#bd850604b4042459a5a41cd7d338cbed695ed964"
@@ -2281,7 +1997,7 @@ ajv@^6.1.0:
json-schema-traverse "^0.4.1"
uri-js "^4.2.2"
-ajv@^6.10.2, ajv@^6.12.3, ajv@^6.12.4, ajv@^6.12.5:
+ajv@^6.10.2, ajv@^6.12.4, ajv@^6.12.5:
version "6.12.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ajv/-/ajv-6.12.6.tgz#baf5a62e802b07d977034586f8c3baf5adf26df4"
integrity sha512-j3fVLgvTo527anyYyJOGTYJbG+vnnQYvE0m5mmkc1TK+nxAppkCLMIL0aZ4dblVCNoGShhm+kzE4ZUykBoMg4g==
@@ -2504,18 +2220,6 @@ asn1.js@^4.0.0:
inherits "^2.0.1"
minimalistic-assert "^1.0.0"
-asn1@~0.2.3:
- version "0.2.4"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/asn1/-/asn1-0.2.4.tgz#8d2475dfab553bb33e77b54e59e880bb8ce23136"
- integrity sha512-jxwzQpLQjSmWXgwaCZE9Nz+glAG01yF1QnWgbhGwHI5A6FRIEY6IVqtHhIepHqI7/kyEyQEagBC5mBEFlIYvdg==
- dependencies:
- safer-buffer "~2.1.0"
-
-assert-plus@1.0.0, assert-plus@^1.0.0:
- version "1.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/assert-plus/-/assert-plus-1.0.0.tgz#f12e0f3c5d77b0b1cdd9146942e4e96c1e4dd525"
- integrity sha1-8S4PPF13sLHN2RRpQuTpbB5N1SU=
-
assert@^1.1.1, assert@^1.3.0:
version "1.5.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/assert/-/assert-1.5.0.tgz#55c109aaf6e0aefdb3dc4b71240c70bf574b18eb"
@@ -2592,16 +2296,6 @@ available-typed-arrays@^1.0.6:
dependencies:
possible-typed-array-names "^1.0.0"
-aws-sign2@~0.7.0:
- version "0.7.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/aws-sign2/-/aws-sign2-0.7.0.tgz#b46e890934a9591f2d2f6f86d7e6a9f1b3fe76a8"
- integrity sha1-tG6JCTSpWR8tL2+G1+ap8bP+dqg=
-
-aws4@^1.8.0:
- version "1.8.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/aws4/-/aws4-1.8.0.tgz#f0e003d9ca9e7f59c7a508945d7b2ef9a04a542f"
- integrity sha512-ReZxvNHIOv88FlT7rxcXIIC0fPt4KZqZbOlivyWtXLt8ESx84zd3kMC6iK5jVeS2qt+g7ftS7ye4fi06X5rtRQ==
-
babel-code-frame@^6.16.0, babel-code-frame@^6.26.0:
version "6.26.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/babel-code-frame/-/babel-code-frame-6.26.0.tgz#63fd43f7dc1e3bb7ce35947db8fe369a3f58c74b"
@@ -2679,15 +2373,6 @@ babel-plugin-polyfill-regenerator@^0.4.1:
dependencies:
"@babel/helper-define-polyfill-provider" "^0.3.3"
-babel-polyfill@6.23.0:
- version "6.23.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/babel-polyfill/-/babel-polyfill-6.23.0.tgz#8364ca62df8eafb830499f699177466c3b03499d"
- integrity sha1-g2TKYt+Or7gwSZ9pkXdGbDsDSZ0=
- dependencies:
- babel-runtime "^6.22.0"
- core-js "^2.4.0"
- regenerator-runtime "^0.10.0"
-
babel-preset-current-node-syntax@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/babel-preset-current-node-syntax/-/babel-preset-current-node-syntax-1.0.1.tgz#b4399239b89b2a011f9ddbe3e4f401fc40cff73b"
@@ -2714,7 +2399,7 @@ babel-preset-jest@^29.6.3:
babel-plugin-jest-hoist "^29.6.3"
babel-preset-current-node-syntax "^1.0.0"
-babel-runtime@^6.22.0, babel-runtime@^6.26.0:
+babel-runtime@^6.26.0:
version "6.26.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/babel-runtime/-/babel-runtime-6.26.0.tgz#965c7058668e82b55d7bfe04ff2337bc8b5647fe"
integrity sha1-llxwWGaOgrVde/4E/yM3vItWR/4=
@@ -2760,13 +2445,6 @@ batch@0.6.1:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/batch/-/batch-0.6.1.tgz#dc34314f4e679318093fc760272525f94bf25c16"
integrity sha1-3DQxT05nkxgJP8dgJyUl+UvyXBY=
-bcrypt-pbkdf@^1.0.0:
- version "1.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/bcrypt-pbkdf/-/bcrypt-pbkdf-1.0.2.tgz#a4301d389b6a43f9b67ff3ca11a3f6637e360e9e"
- integrity sha1-pDAdOJtqQ/m2f/PKEaP2Y342Dp4=
- dependencies:
- tweetnacl "^0.14.3"
-
big.js@^5.2.2:
version "5.2.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/big.js/-/big.js-5.2.2.tgz#65f0af382f578bcdc742bd9c281e9cb2d7768328"
@@ -3155,12 +2833,7 @@ caniuse-lite@^1.0.30001587:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/caniuse-lite/-/caniuse-lite-1.0.30001588.tgz#07f16b65a7f95dba82377096923947fb25bce6e3"
integrity sha512-+hVY9jE44uKLkH0SrUTqxjxqNTOWHsbnQDIKjwkZ3lNTzUUVdBLBGXtj/q5Mp5u98r3droaZAewQuEDzjQdZlQ==
-caseless@~0.12.0:
- version "0.12.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/caseless/-/caseless-0.12.0.tgz#1b681c21ff84033c826543090689420d187151dc"
- integrity sha1-G2gcIf+EAzyCZUMJBolCDRhxUdw=
-
-chalk@1.1.3, chalk@^1.0.0, chalk@^1.1.1, chalk@^1.1.3:
+chalk@^1.0.0, chalk@^1.1.1, chalk@^1.1.3:
version "1.1.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/chalk/-/chalk-1.1.3.tgz#a8115c55e4a702fe4d150abd3872822a7e09fc98"
integrity sha1-qBFcVeSnAv5NFQq9OHKCKn4J/Jg=
@@ -3201,11 +2874,6 @@ char-regex@^1.0.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/char-regex/-/char-regex-1.0.2.tgz#d744358226217f981ed58f479b1d6bcc29545dcf"
integrity sha512-kWWXztvZ5SBQV+eRgKFeh8q5sLuZY2+8WUIzlxWVTg+oGwY14qylx1KbKzHd8P6ZYkAg0xyIDU9JMHhyJMZ1jw==
-chardet@^0.4.0:
- version "0.4.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/chardet/-/chardet-0.4.2.tgz#b5473b33dc97c424e5d98dc87d55d4d8a29c8bf2"
- integrity sha1-tUc7M9yXxCTl2Y3IfVXU2KKci/I=
-
"chokidar@>=3.0.0 <4.0.0":
version "3.6.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/chokidar/-/chokidar-3.6.0.tgz#197c6cc669ef2a8dc5e7b4d97ee4e092c3eb0d5b"
@@ -3317,13 +2985,6 @@ cli-cursor@^1.0.1:
dependencies:
restore-cursor "^1.0.1"
-cli-cursor@^2.1.0:
- version "2.1.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cli-cursor/-/cli-cursor-2.1.0.tgz#b35dac376479facc3e94747d41d0d0f5238ffcb5"
- integrity sha1-s12sN2R5+sw+lHR9QdDQ9SOP/LU=
- dependencies:
- restore-cursor "^2.0.0"
-
cli-width@^2.0.0:
version "2.2.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cli-width/-/cli-width-2.2.0.tgz#ff19ede8a9a5e579324147b0c11f0fbcbabed639"
@@ -3388,11 +3049,6 @@ code-point-at@^1.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/code-point-at/-/code-point-at-1.1.0.tgz#0d070b4d043a5bea33a2f1a40e2edb3d9a4ccf77"
integrity sha1-DQcLTQQ6W+ozovGkDi7bPZpMz3c=
-codem-isoboxer@0.3.5:
- version "0.3.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/codem-isoboxer/-/codem-isoboxer-0.3.5.tgz#71f1cd1267d0e1210331b2c0e7bf99ef05d7717c"
- integrity sha512-F+OY4gCwxe+YnsqOkQTPrnRqoncAUmxqXNdgmuCE3Omvl3WQ9WLvhSJUZ0IGJljoxkdwpCQdPdcdMEPJnOQ1Ow==
-
collect-v8-coverage@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/collect-v8-coverage/-/collect-v8-coverage-1.0.2.tgz#c0b29bcd33bcd0779a1344c2136051e6afd3d9e9"
@@ -3465,14 +3121,14 @@ colors@~1.1.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/colors/-/colors-1.1.2.tgz#168a4701756b6a7f51a12ce0c97bfa28c084ed63"
integrity sha1-FopHAXVran9RoSzgyXv6KMCE7WM=
-combined-stream@^1.0.6, combined-stream@^1.0.8, combined-stream@~1.0.6:
+combined-stream@^1.0.8:
version "1.0.8"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/combined-stream/-/combined-stream-1.0.8.tgz#c3d45a8b34fd730631a110a8a2520682b31d5a7f"
integrity sha512-FQN4MRfuJeHf7cBbBMJFXhKSDq+2kAArBlmRBvcvFE5BB1HZKXtSFASDhdlz9zOYwxh8lDdnvmMOe/+5cdoEdg==
dependencies:
delayed-stream "~1.0.0"
-commander@^2.20.0, commander@^2.9.0:
+commander@^2.20.0:
version "2.20.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/commander/-/commander-2.20.3.tgz#fd485e84c03eb4881c20722ba48035e8531aeb33"
integrity sha512-GpVkmM8vF2vQUkj2LvZmD35JxeJOLCwJ9cUkugyk2nuhbv3+mJvpLYYt+0+USMxE+oj+ey/lJEnhZw75x/OMcQ==
@@ -3633,17 +3289,12 @@ core-js-compat@^3.25.1:
dependencies:
browserslist "^4.21.5"
-core-js@2.4.1:
- version "2.4.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/core-js/-/core-js-2.4.1.tgz#4de911e667b0eae9124e34254b53aea6fc618d3e"
- integrity sha1-TekR5mew6ukSTjQlS1OupvxhjT4=
-
core-js@^2.4.0:
version "2.6.5"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/core-js/-/core-js-2.6.5.tgz#44bc8d249e7fb2ff5d00e0341a7ffb94fbf67895"
integrity sha512-klh/kDpwX8hryYL14M9w/xei6vrv6sE8gTHDG7/T/+SEovB/G4ejwcfE/CBzO6Edsu+OETZMZ3wcX/EjUkrl5A==
-core-util-is@1.0.2, core-util-is@~1.0.0:
+core-util-is@~1.0.0:
version "1.0.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/core-util-is/-/core-util-is-1.0.2.tgz#b5fd54220aa2bc5ab57aab7140c940754503c1a7"
integrity sha1-tf1UIgqivFq1eqtxQMlAdUUDwac=
@@ -3702,13 +3353,6 @@ create-jest@^29.7.0:
jest-util "^29.7.0"
prompts "^2.0.1"
-cross-env@^6.0.3:
- version "6.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cross-env/-/cross-env-6.0.3.tgz#4256b71e49b3a40637a0ce70768a6ef5c72ae941"
- integrity sha512-+KqxF6LCvfhWvADcDPqo64yVIB31gv/jQulX2NGzKS/g3GEVz6/pt4wjHFtFWsHMddebWD/sDthJemzM4MaAag==
- dependencies:
- cross-spawn "^7.0.0"
-
cross-spawn@^6.0.0:
version "6.0.5"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-6.0.5.tgz#4a5ec7c64dfae22c3a14124dbacdee846d80cbc4"
@@ -3720,7 +3364,7 @@ cross-spawn@^6.0.0:
shebang-command "^1.2.0"
which "^1.2.9"
-cross-spawn@^7.0.0, cross-spawn@^7.0.3:
+cross-spawn@^7.0.3:
version "7.0.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-7.0.3.tgz#f73a85b9d5d41d045551c177e2882d4ac85728a6"
integrity sha512-iRDPJKUPVEND7dHPO8rkbOnPpyDygcDFtWjpeWNCgy8WP2rXcxXL8TskReQl6OrB2G7+UJrags1q15Fudc7G6w==
@@ -3810,11 +3454,6 @@ cssesc@^0.1.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cssesc/-/cssesc-0.1.0.tgz#c814903e45623371a0477b40109aaafbeeaddbb4"
integrity sha1-yBSQPkViM3GgR3tAEJqq++6t27Q=
-cssfilter@0.0.10:
- version "0.0.10"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cssfilter/-/cssfilter-0.0.10.tgz#c6d2672632a2e5c83e013e6864a42ce8defd20ae"
- integrity sha1-xtJnJjKi5cg+AT5oZKQs6N79IK4=
-
cssnano@^3.10.0:
version "3.10.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/cssnano/-/cssnano-3.10.0.tgz#4f38f6cea2b9b17fa01490f23f1dc68ea65c1c38"
@@ -3900,23 +3539,6 @@ damerau-levenshtein@^1.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/damerau-levenshtein/-/damerau-levenshtein-1.0.5.tgz#780cf7144eb2e8dbd1c3bb83ae31100ccc31a414"
integrity sha512-CBCRqFnpu715iPmw1KrdOrzRqbdFwQTwAWyyyYS42+iAgHCuXZ+/TdMgQkUENPomxEz9z1BEzuQU2Xw0kUuAgA==
-dashdash@^1.12.0:
- version "1.14.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/dashdash/-/dashdash-1.14.1.tgz#853cfa0f7cbe2fed5de20326b8dd581035f6e2f0"
- integrity sha1-hTz6D3y+L+1d4gMmuN1YEDX24vA=
- dependencies:
- assert-plus "^1.0.0"
-
-dashjs@2.6.7:
- version "2.6.7"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/dashjs/-/dashjs-2.6.7.tgz#59188339ede8850d89ef3748c690d2da0c1a7772"
- integrity sha512-SzGyRZ6Lr8COz6gDuOWZhqjoY+4a8uQw5Vd/Q5H96mC0PX1SQBtvQsLtZyVXRYsVKLXhHQhX2WS7ZghgNHyfWw==
- dependencies:
- codem-isoboxer "0.3.5"
- fast-deep-equal "1.1.0"
- imsc "^1.0.1-rc.1"
- round10 "^1.0.3"
-
data-urls@^3.0.2:
version "3.0.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/data-urls/-/data-urls-3.0.2.tgz#9cf24a477ae22bcef5cd5f6f0bfbc1d2d3be9143"
@@ -4223,11 +3845,6 @@ dom-accessibility-api@^0.6.3:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/dom-accessibility-api/-/dom-accessibility-api-0.6.3.tgz#993e925cc1d73f2c662e7d75dd5a5445259a8fd8"
integrity sha512-7ZgogeTnjuHbo+ct10G9Ffp0mif17idi0IyWNVA/wcwcm7NPOD/WEHVP3n7n3MhXqxoIYm8d6MuZohYWIZ4T3w==
-dom-walk@^0.1.0:
- version "0.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/dom-walk/-/dom-walk-0.1.2.tgz#0c548bef048f4d1f2a97249002236060daa3fd84"
- integrity sha512-6QvTW9mrGeIegrFXdtQi9pk7O/nSK6lSdXW2eqUspN5LWD7UTji2Fqw5V2YLjBpHEoU9Xl/eUWNpDeZvoyOv2w==
-
domain-browser@^1.1.1:
version "1.2.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/domain-browser/-/domain-browser-1.2.0.tgz#3d31f50191a6749dd1375a7f522e823d42e54eda"
@@ -4250,14 +3867,6 @@ duplexify@^3.4.2, duplexify@^3.6.0:
readable-stream "^2.0.0"
stream-shift "^1.0.0"
-ecc-jsbn@~0.1.1:
- version "0.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ecc-jsbn/-/ecc-jsbn-0.1.2.tgz#3a83a904e54353287874c564b7549386849a98c9"
- integrity sha1-OoOpBOVDUyh4dMVkt1SThoSamMk=
- dependencies:
- jsbn "~0.1.0"
- safer-buffer "^2.1.0"
-
ee-first@1.1.1:
version "1.1.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ee-first/-/ee-first-1.1.1.tgz#590c61156b0ae2f4f0255732a158b266bc56b21d"
@@ -4326,13 +3935,6 @@ encodeurl@~1.0.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/encodeurl/-/encodeurl-1.0.2.tgz#ad3ff4c86ec2d029322f5a02c3a9a606c95b3f59"
integrity sha1-rT/0yG7C0CkyL1oCw6mmBslbP1k=
-encoding@^0.1.11:
- version "0.1.12"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/encoding/-/encoding-0.1.12.tgz#538b66f3ee62cd1ab51ec323829d1f9480c74beb"
- integrity sha1-U4tm8+5izRq1HsMjgp0flIDHS+s=
- dependencies:
- iconv-lite "~0.4.13"
-
end-of-stream@^1.0.0, end-of-stream@^1.1.0:
version "1.4.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/end-of-stream/-/end-of-stream-1.4.1.tgz#ed29634d19baba463b6ce6b80a37213eab71ec43"
@@ -4704,7 +4306,7 @@ etag@~1.8.1:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/etag/-/etag-1.8.1.tgz#41ae2eeb65efa62268aebfea83ac7d79299b0887"
integrity sha1-Qa4u62XvpiJorr/qg6x9eSmbCIc=
-event-emitter@^0.3.5, event-emitter@~0.3.5:
+event-emitter@~0.3.5:
version "0.3.5"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/event-emitter/-/event-emitter-0.3.5.tgz#df8c69eef1647923c7157b9ce83840610b02cc39"
integrity sha1-34xp7vFkeSPHFXuc6DhAYQsCzDk=
@@ -4773,10 +4375,6 @@ exit@^0.1.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/exit/-/exit-0.1.2.tgz#0632638f8d877cc82107d30a0fff1a17cba1cd0c"
integrity sha512-Zk/eNKV2zbjpKzrsQ+n1G6poVbErQxJ0LBOJXaKZ1EViLzH+hrLu9cdXI4zw9dBQJslwBEpbQ2P1oS7nDxs6jQ==
-exjs@BSick7/exjs#0.5.1:
- version "0.5.1"
- resolved "https://codeload.github.com/BSick7/exjs/tar.gz/87f638b98635fe8ddee36ce964e64bcce6e2bb6d"
-
expand-brackets@^2.1.4:
version "2.1.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/expand-brackets/-/expand-brackets-2.1.4.tgz#b77735e315ce30f6b6eff0f83b04151a22449622"
@@ -4853,20 +4451,6 @@ extend-shallow@^3.0.0, extend-shallow@^3.0.2:
assign-symbols "^1.0.0"
is-extendable "^1.0.1"
-extend@~3.0.2:
- version "3.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/extend/-/extend-3.0.2.tgz#f8b1136b4071fbd8eb140aff858b1019ec2915fa"
- integrity sha512-fjquC59cD7CyW6urNXK0FBufkZcoiGG80wTuPujX590cB5Ttln20E2UB4S/WARVqhXffZl2LNgS+gQdPIIim/g==
-
-external-editor@^2.0.1:
- version "2.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/external-editor/-/external-editor-2.2.0.tgz#045511cfd8d133f3846673d1047c154e214ad3d5"
- integrity sha512-bSn6gvGxKt+b7+6TKEv1ZycHleA7aHhRHyAqJyp5pbUFuYYNIzpZnQDk7AsYckyWdEnTeAnay0aCy2aV6iTk9A==
- dependencies:
- chardet "^0.4.0"
- iconv-lite "^0.4.17"
- tmp "^0.0.33"
-
extglob@^2.0.4:
version "2.0.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/extglob/-/extglob-2.0.4.tgz#ad00fe4dc612a9232e8718711dc5cb5ab0285543"
@@ -4881,17 +4465,7 @@ extglob@^2.0.4:
snapdragon "^0.8.1"
to-regex "^3.0.1"
-extsprintf@1.3.0:
- version "1.3.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/extsprintf/-/extsprintf-1.3.0.tgz#96918440e3041a7a414f8c52e3c574eb3c3e1e05"
- integrity sha1-lpGEQOMEGnpBT4xS48V06zw+HgU=
-
-extsprintf@^1.2.0:
- version "1.4.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/extsprintf/-/extsprintf-1.4.0.tgz#e2689f8f356fad62cca65a3a91c5df5f9551692f"
- integrity sha1-4mifjzVvrWLMplo6kcXfX5VRaS8=
-
-fast-deep-equal@1.1.0, fast-deep-equal@^1.0.0:
+fast-deep-equal@^1.0.0:
version "1.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fast-deep-equal/-/fast-deep-equal-1.1.0.tgz#c053477817c86b51daa853c81e059b733d023614"
integrity sha1-wFNHeBfIa1HaqFPIHgWbcz0CNhQ=
@@ -4970,13 +4544,6 @@ figures@^1.3.5:
escape-string-regexp "^1.0.5"
object-assign "^4.1.0"
-figures@^2.0.0:
- version "2.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/figures/-/figures-2.0.0.tgz#3ab1a2d2a62c8bfb431a0c94cb797a2fce27c962"
- integrity sha1-OrGi0qYsi/tDGgyUy3l6L84nyWI=
- dependencies:
- escape-string-regexp "^1.0.5"
-
file-entry-cache@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/file-entry-cache/-/file-entry-cache-2.0.0.tgz#c392990c3e684783d838b8c84a45d8a048458361"
@@ -5126,11 +4693,6 @@ for-own@^1.0.0:
dependencies:
for-in "^1.0.1"
-forever-agent@~0.6.1:
- version "0.6.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/forever-agent/-/forever-agent-0.6.1.tgz#fbc71f0c41adeb37f96c577ad1ed42d8fdacca91"
- integrity sha1-+8cfDEGt6zf5bFd60e1C2P2sypE=
-
form-data@^4.0.0:
version "4.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/form-data/-/form-data-4.0.0.tgz#93919daeaf361ee529584b9b31664dc12c9fa452"
@@ -5140,15 +4702,6 @@ form-data@^4.0.0:
combined-stream "^1.0.8"
mime-types "^2.1.12"
-form-data@~2.3.2:
- version "2.3.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/form-data/-/form-data-2.3.3.tgz#dcce52c05f644f298c6a7ab936bd724ceffbf3a6"
- integrity sha512-1lLKB2Mu3aGP1Q/2eCOx0fNbRMe7XdwktwOruhfqqd0rIJWwN4Dh+E3hrPSlDCXnSR7UtZ1N38rVXm+6+MEhJQ==
- dependencies:
- asynckit "^0.4.0"
- combined-stream "^1.0.6"
- mime-types "^2.1.12"
-
forwarded@0.2.0:
version "0.2.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/forwarded/-/forwarded-0.2.0.tgz#2269936428aad4c15c7ebe9779a84bf0b2a81811"
@@ -5309,13 +4862,6 @@ get-value@^2.0.3, get-value@^2.0.6:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/get-value/-/get-value-2.0.6.tgz#dc15ca1c672387ca76bd37ac0a395ba2042a2c28"
integrity sha1-3BXKHGcjh8p2vTesCjlbogQqLCg=
-getpass@^0.1.1:
- version "0.1.7"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/getpass/-/getpass-0.1.7.tgz#5eff8e3e684d569ae4cb2b1282604e8ba62149fa"
- integrity sha1-Xv+OPmhNVprkyysSgmBOi6YhSfo=
- dependencies:
- assert-plus "^1.0.0"
-
glob-parent@^3.1.0:
version "3.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/glob-parent/-/glob-parent-3.1.0.tgz#9e6af6299d8d3bd2bd40430832bd113df906c5ae"
@@ -5360,14 +4906,6 @@ glob@^7.1.4:
once "^1.3.0"
path-is-absolute "^1.0.0"
-global@^4.3.1:
- version "4.4.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/global/-/global-4.4.0.tgz#3e7b105179006a323ed71aafca3e9c57a5cc6406"
- integrity sha512-wv/LAoHdRE3BeTGz53FAamhGlPLhlssK45usmGFThIi4XqnBmjKQ16u+RNbP7WvigRZDxUsM0J3gcQ5yicaL0w==
- dependencies:
- min-document "^2.19.0"
- process "^0.11.10"
-
globals@^11.1.0:
version "11.12.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/globals/-/globals-11.12.0.tgz#ab8795338868a0babd8525758018c2a7eb95c42e"
@@ -5431,19 +4969,6 @@ handle-thing@^2.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/handle-thing/-/handle-thing-2.0.0.tgz#0e039695ff50c93fc288557d696f3c1dc6776754"
integrity sha512-d4sze1JNC454Wdo2fkuyzCr6aHcbL6PGGuFAz0Li/NcOm1tCHGnWDRmJP85dh9IhQErTc2svWFEX5xHIOo//kQ==
-har-schema@^2.0.0:
- version "2.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/har-schema/-/har-schema-2.0.0.tgz#a94c2224ebcac04782a0d9035521f24735b7ec92"
- integrity sha1-qUwiJOvKwEeCoNkDVSHyRzW37JI=
-
-har-validator@~5.1.3:
- version "5.1.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/har-validator/-/har-validator-5.1.5.tgz#1f0803b9f8cb20c0fa13822df1ecddb36bde1efd"
- integrity sha512-nmT2T0lljbxdQZfspsno9hgrG3Uir6Ks5afism62poxqBM6sDnMEuPmzTq8XN0OEwqKLLdh1jQI3qyE66Nzb3w==
- dependencies:
- ajv "^6.12.3"
- har-schema "^2.0.0"
-
has-ansi@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/has-ansi/-/has-ansi-2.0.0.tgz#34f5049ce1ecdf2b0649af3ef24e45ed35416d91"
@@ -5566,14 +5091,6 @@ hasown@^2.0.0:
dependencies:
function-bind "^1.1.2"
-hls.js@0.9.1:
- version "0.9.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/hls.js/-/hls.js-0.9.1.tgz#36516d4fac3ab44108e5c127ef0f3e9cd06f6330"
- integrity sha512-IklU+BgobPNIc6NMY+pyxElbwWKM7QmP2u0afB7KSK/1btAknTkDJmXasb4628EjgynjgDOVMmQ9sLg73S+lwQ==
- dependencies:
- string.prototype.endswith "^0.2.0"
- url-toolkit "^2.1.2"
-
hmac-drbg@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/hmac-drbg/-/hmac-drbg-1.0.1.tgz#d2745701025a6c775a6c545793ed502fc0c649a1"
@@ -5691,19 +5208,6 @@ http-proxy@^1.17.0:
follow-redirects "^1.0.0"
requires-port "^1.0.0"
-http-signature@~1.2.0:
- version "1.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/http-signature/-/http-signature-1.2.0.tgz#9aecd925114772f3d95b65a60abb8f7c18fbace1"
- integrity sha1-muzZJRFHcvPZW2WmCruPfBj7rOE=
- dependencies:
- assert-plus "^1.0.0"
- jsprim "^1.2.2"
- sshpk "^1.7.0"
-
-http-status-codes@edsilv/http-status-codes#v0.0.7:
- version "0.0.7"
- resolved "https://codeload.github.com/edsilv/http-status-codes/tar.gz/af3a8ab9970b1f291a79b03c7382dc16aebee749"
-
https-browserify@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/https-browserify/-/https-browserify-1.0.0.tgz#ec06c10e0a34c0f2faf199f7fd7fc78fffd03c73"
@@ -5722,7 +5226,7 @@ human-signals@^2.1.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/human-signals/-/human-signals-2.1.0.tgz#dc91fcba42e4d06e4abaed33b3e7a3c02f514ea0"
integrity sha512-B4FFZ6q/T2jhhksgkbEW3HBvWIfDW85snkQgawt07S7J5QXTk6BkNV+0yAeZrM5QpMAdYlocGoljn0sJ/WQkFw==
-iconv-lite@0.4.24, iconv-lite@^0.4.17, iconv-lite@^0.4.4, iconv-lite@~0.4.13:
+iconv-lite@0.4.24, iconv-lite@^0.4.4:
version "0.4.24"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.4.24.tgz#2022b4b25fbddc21d2f524974a474aafe733908b"
integrity sha512-v3MXnZAcvnywkTUEZomIActle7RXXeedOR31wwl7VlyoXO4Qi9arvSenNQWne1TcRwhCL1HwLI21bEqdpj8/rA==
@@ -5815,13 +5319,6 @@ import-local@^3.0.2:
pkg-dir "^4.2.0"
resolve-cwd "^3.0.0"
-imsc@^1.0.1-rc.1:
- version "1.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/imsc/-/imsc-1.1.2.tgz#fb76e0cc00acab0e529bbad4c6020cb22a687141"
- integrity sha512-ZhGFQT7uCM54UHOUY74u5AZzloT8RZVNT7vuOM2cVj+VI0mt+mxa8pBgZl56C7pw+LoY2SCMP6Y0+qSljLevjA==
- dependencies:
- sax "1.2.1"
-
imurmurhash@^0.1.4:
version "0.1.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/imurmurhash/-/imurmurhash-0.1.4.tgz#9218b9b2b928a238b13dc4fb6b6d576f231453ea"
@@ -5870,25 +5367,6 @@ ini@~1.3.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ini/-/ini-1.3.5.tgz#eee25f56db1c9ec6085e0c22778083f596abf927"
integrity sha512-RZY5huIKCMRWDUqZlEi72f/lmXKMvuszcMBduliQ3nnWbx9X/ZBQO7DijMEYS9EhHBb2qacRUMtC7svLwe0lcw==
-inquirer@3.0.6:
- version "3.0.6"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/inquirer/-/inquirer-3.0.6.tgz#e04aaa9d05b7a3cb9b0f407d04375f0447190347"
- integrity sha1-4EqqnQW3o8ubD0B9BDdfBEcZA0c=
- dependencies:
- ansi-escapes "^1.1.0"
- chalk "^1.0.0"
- cli-cursor "^2.1.0"
- cli-width "^2.0.0"
- external-editor "^2.0.1"
- figures "^2.0.0"
- lodash "^4.3.0"
- mute-stream "0.0.7"
- run-async "^2.2.0"
- rx "^4.1.0"
- string-width "^2.0.0"
- strip-ansi "^3.0.0"
- through "^2.3.6"
-
inquirer@^0.12.0:
version "0.12.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/inquirer/-/inquirer-0.12.0.tgz#1ef2bfd63504df0bc75785fff8c2c41df12f077e"
@@ -6275,7 +5753,7 @@ is-shared-array-buffer@^1.0.2:
dependencies:
call-bind "^1.0.7"
-is-stream@^1.0.1, is-stream@^1.1.0:
+is-stream@^1.1.0:
version "1.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/is-stream/-/is-stream-1.1.0.tgz#12d4a3dd4e68e0b79ceb8dbc84173ae80d91ca44"
integrity sha1-EtSj3U5o4Lec6428hBc66A2RykQ=
@@ -6313,11 +5791,6 @@ is-symbol@^1.0.3:
dependencies:
has-symbols "^1.0.2"
-is-typedarray@~1.0.0:
- version "1.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/is-typedarray/-/is-typedarray-1.0.0.tgz#e479c80858df0c1b11ddda6940f96011fcda4a9a"
- integrity sha1-5HnICFjfDBsR3dppQPlgEfzaSpo=
-
is-weakmap@^2.0.1:
version "2.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/is-weakmap/-/is-weakmap-2.0.1.tgz#5008b59bdc43b698201d18f62b37b2ca243e8cf2"
@@ -6368,19 +5841,6 @@ isobject@^3.0.0, isobject@^3.0.1:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/isobject/-/isobject-3.0.1.tgz#4e431e92b11a9731636aa1f9c8d1ccbcfdab78df"
integrity sha1-TkMekrEalzFjaqH5yNHMvP2reN8=
-isomorphic-unfetch@^3.0.0:
- version "3.1.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/isomorphic-unfetch/-/isomorphic-unfetch-3.1.0.tgz#87341d5f4f7b63843d468438128cb087b7c3e98f"
- integrity sha512-geDJjpoZ8N0kWexiwkX8F9NkTsXhetLPVbZFQ+JTW239QNOwvB0gniuR1Wc6f0AMTn7/mFGyXvHTifrCp/GH8Q==
- dependencies:
- node-fetch "^2.6.1"
- unfetch "^4.2.0"
-
-isstream@~0.1.2:
- version "0.1.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/isstream/-/isstream-0.1.2.tgz#47e63f7af55afa6f92e1500e690eb8b8529c099a"
- integrity sha1-R+Y/evVa+m+S4VAOaQ64uFKcCZo=
-
istanbul-lib-coverage@^3.0.0, istanbul-lib-coverage@^3.2.0:
version "3.2.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/istanbul-lib-coverage/-/istanbul-lib-coverage-3.2.2.tgz#2d166c4b0644d43a39f04bf6c2edd1e585f31756"
@@ -6806,26 +6266,6 @@ jest@^29.7.0:
import-local "^3.0.2"
jest-cli "^29.7.0"
-jquery-binarytransport@1.0.0:
- version "1.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jquery-binarytransport/-/jquery-binarytransport-1.0.0.tgz#9f1c6d365c5e11b564f7110bbbbda2f13af3b5c3"
- integrity sha1-nxxtNlxeEbVk9xELu72i8TrztcM=
-
-jquery-ui-dist@1.12.1:
- version "1.12.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jquery-ui-dist/-/jquery-ui-dist-1.12.1.tgz#5c0815d3cc6f90ff5faaf5b268a6e23b4ca904fa"
- integrity sha1-XAgV08xvkP9fqvWyaKbiO0ypBPo=
-
-jquery-ui-touch-punch@0.2.3:
- version "0.2.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jquery-ui-touch-punch/-/jquery-ui-touch-punch-0.2.3.tgz#eed82242733ba243f46b3e87c1841b308191da68"
- integrity sha1-7tgiQnM7okP0az6HwYQbMIGR2mg=
-
-jquery@3.3.1:
- version "3.3.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jquery/-/jquery-3.3.1.tgz#958ce29e81c9790f31be7792df5d4d95fc57fbca"
- integrity sha512-Ubldcmxp5np52/ENotGxlLe6aGMvmF4R8S6tZjsP6Knsaxd/xp3Zrh50cG93lR6nPXyUFwzN3ZSOQI0wRJNdGg==
-
js-base64@^2.1.9:
version "2.5.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/js-base64/-/js-base64-2.5.1.tgz#1efa39ef2c5f7980bb1784ade4a8af2de3291121"
@@ -6865,11 +6305,6 @@ js-yaml@~3.7.0:
argparse "^1.0.7"
esprima "^2.6.0"
-jsbn@~0.1.0:
- version "0.1.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsbn/-/jsbn-0.1.1.tgz#a5e654c2e5a2deb5f201d96cefbca80c0ef2f513"
- integrity sha1-peZUwuWi3rXyAdls77yoDA7y9RM=
-
jsdom@^20.0.0:
version "20.0.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsdom/-/jsdom-20.0.3.tgz#886a41ba1d4726f67a8858028c99489fed6ad4db"
@@ -6932,11 +6367,6 @@ json-schema-traverse@^0.4.1:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/json-schema-traverse/-/json-schema-traverse-0.4.1.tgz#69f6a87d9513ab8bb8fe63bdb0979c448e684660"
integrity sha512-xbbCH5dCYU5T8LcEhhuh7HJ88HXuW3qsI3Y0zOZFKfZEHcpWiHU/Jxzk629Brsab/mMiHQti9wMP+845RPe3Vg==
-json-schema@0.2.3:
- version "0.2.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/json-schema/-/json-schema-0.2.3.tgz#b480c892e59a2f05954ce727bd3f2a4e882f9e13"
- integrity sha1-tIDIkuWaLwWVTOcnvT8qTogvnhM=
-
json-stable-stringify@^1.0.0, json-stable-stringify@^1.0.1:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/json-stable-stringify/-/json-stable-stringify-1.0.1.tgz#9a759d39c5f2ff503fd5300646ed445f88c4f9af"
@@ -6944,11 +6374,6 @@ json-stable-stringify@^1.0.0, json-stable-stringify@^1.0.1:
dependencies:
jsonify "~0.0.0"
-json-stringify-safe@~5.0.1:
- version "5.0.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/json-stringify-safe/-/json-stringify-safe-5.0.1.tgz#1296a2d58fd45f19a0f6ce01d65701e2c735b6eb"
- integrity sha1-Epai1Y/UXxmg9s4B1lcB4sc1tus=
-
json5@^1.0.1:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/json5/-/json5-1.0.1.tgz#779fb0018604fa854eacbf6252180d83543e3dbe"
@@ -6971,36 +6396,11 @@ jsonpointer@^4.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsonpointer/-/jsonpointer-4.0.1.tgz#4fd92cb34e0e9db3c89c8622ecf51f9b978c6cb9"
integrity sha1-T9kss04OnbPInIYi7PUfm5eMbLk=
-jsprim@^1.2.2:
- version "1.4.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsprim/-/jsprim-1.4.1.tgz#313e66bc1e5cc06e438bc1b7499c2e5c56acb6a2"
- integrity sha1-MT5mvB5cwG5Di8G3SZwuXFastqI=
- dependencies:
- assert-plus "1.0.0"
- extsprintf "1.3.0"
- json-schema "0.2.3"
- verror "1.10.0"
-
-jsviews@0.9.83:
- version "0.9.83"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsviews/-/jsviews-0.9.83.tgz#069b05122833d23155cc3ce2c2d9fb2cf789a98a"
- integrity sha1-BpsFEigz0jFVzDziwtn7LPeJqYo=
-
jsx-ast-utils@^1.0.0, jsx-ast-utils@^1.3.4:
version "1.4.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jsx-ast-utils/-/jsx-ast-utils-1.4.1.tgz#3867213e8dd79bf1e8f2300c0cfc1efb182c0df1"
integrity sha1-OGchPo3Xm/Ho8jAMDPwe+xgsDfE=
-jszip@*, jszip@^3.1.5, jszip@^3.2.2:
- version "3.6.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/jszip/-/jszip-3.6.0.tgz#839b72812e3f97819cc13ac4134ffced95dd6af9"
- integrity sha512-jgnQoG9LKnWO3mnVNBnfhkh0QknICd1FGSrXcgrl67zioyJ4wgx25o9ZqwNtrROSflGBCGYnJfjrIyRIby1OoQ==
- dependencies:
- lie "~3.3.0"
- pako "~1.0.2"
- readable-stream "~2.3.6"
- set-immediate-shim "~1.0.1"
-
killable@^1.0.1:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/killable/-/killable-1.0.1.tgz#4c8ce441187a061c7474fb87ca08e2a638194892"
@@ -7055,13 +6455,6 @@ lie@3.1.1:
dependencies:
immediate "~3.0.5"
-lie@~3.3.0:
- version "3.3.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lie/-/lie-3.3.0.tgz#dcf82dee545f46074daf200c7c1c5a08e0f40f6a"
- integrity sha512-UaiMJzeWRlEujzAuw5LokY1L5ecNQYZKfmyZ9L7wDHb/p5etKaxXhohBcrw0EYby+G/NA52vRSN4N39dxHAIwQ==
- dependencies:
- immediate "~3.0.5"
-
lines-and-columns@^1.1.6:
version "1.2.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lines-and-columns/-/lines-and-columns-1.2.4.tgz#eca284f75d2965079309dc0ad9255abb2ebc1632"
@@ -7082,15 +6475,6 @@ loader-runner@^2.4.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loader-runner/-/loader-runner-2.4.0.tgz#ed47066bfe534d7e84c4c7b9998c2a75607d9357"
integrity sha512-Jsmr89RcXGIwivFY21FcRrisYZfvLMTWx5kOLc+JTxtpBOG6xML0vzbc6SEQG2FO9/4Fc3wW4LVcB5DmGflaRw==
-loader-utils@^1.0.0:
- version "1.4.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loader-utils/-/loader-utils-1.4.0.tgz#c579b5e34cb34b1a74edc6c1fb36bfa371d5a613"
- integrity sha512-qH0WSMBtn/oHuwjy/NucEgbx5dbxxnxup9s4PVXJUDHZBQY+s0NWA9rJf53RBnQZxfch7euUui7hpoAPvALZdA==
- dependencies:
- big.js "^5.2.2"
- emojis-list "^3.0.0"
- json5 "^1.0.1"
-
loader-utils@^1.0.1, loader-utils@^1.0.2, loader-utils@^1.1.0:
version "1.2.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loader-utils/-/loader-utils-1.2.3.tgz#1ff5dc6911c9f0a062531a4c04b609406108c2c7"
@@ -7123,13 +6507,6 @@ loaders.css@^0.1.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loaders.css/-/loaders.css-0.1.2.tgz#3a9fb43726c73334a38142af9d0629019b658743"
integrity sha1-Op+0NybHMzSjgUKvnQYpAZtlh0M=
-localforage@*, localforage@^1.7.2:
- version "1.9.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/localforage/-/localforage-1.9.0.tgz#f3e4d32a8300b362b4634cc4e066d9d00d2f09d1"
- integrity sha512-rR1oyNrKulpe+VM9cYmcFn6tsHuokyVHFaCM3+osEmxaHTbEk8oQu6eGDfS6DQLWi/N67XRmB8ECG37OES368g==
- dependencies:
- lie "3.1.1"
-
localforage@^1.10.0:
version "1.10.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/localforage/-/localforage-1.10.0.tgz#5c465dc5f62b2807c3a84c0c6a1b1b3212781dd4"
@@ -7283,7 +6660,7 @@ lodash@^4.0.0, lodash@^4.17.11, lodash@^4.17.4, lodash@^4.17.5, lodash@^4.3.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.11.tgz#b39ea6229ef607ecd89e2c8df12536891cac9b8d"
integrity sha512-cQKh8igo5QUhZ7lg38DYWAxMvjSAKG0A8wGSVimP07SIUEK2UO+arSRKbRZWtelMtN5V0Hkwh5ryOto/SshYIg==
-lodash@^4.17.10, lodash@^4.17.14, lodash@^4.17.15, lodash@^4.17.21:
+lodash@^4.17.14, lodash@^4.17.15:
version "4.17.21"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz#679591c564c3bffaae8454cf0b3df370c3d6911c"
integrity sha512-v2kDEe57lecTulaDIuNTPy3Ry4gLGJ6Z1O3vE1krgXZNrsQ+LFTGHVxVjcXPs17LhbZVGedAJv8XZ1tvj5FvSg==
@@ -7363,33 +6740,6 @@ makeerror@1.0.12:
dependencies:
tmpl "1.0.5"
-manifesto.js@3.0.11:
- version "3.0.11"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/manifesto.js/-/manifesto.js-3.0.11.tgz#764aeb5f16c8f84ff66f28f672e476c58cab6f71"
- integrity sha512-7lPTVBX6meQccm6rZdYBWCJtK8EfBI7bScFI2bsbRe+6IH75C2Q4mtgVuk/pThN1EpdpTsSY8l5pVbAIMGMQzA==
- dependencies:
- http-status-codes edsilv/http-status-codes#v0.0.7
- request "^2.83.0"
-
-manifesto.js@4.0.1:
- version "4.0.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/manifesto.js/-/manifesto.js-4.0.1.tgz#a153e548478b469021b354d4b9076bc9c2a01e07"
- integrity sha512-COHlq5zd+qWk7rP1iWAbSN9aMw+xPpSgKl9MVvvT3RP8J7mvY4wVsifyJTPdpJBV2k8hjjvACET/Qz2tzVwcqw==
- dependencies:
- "@edsilv/http-status-codes" "^1.0.3"
- "@iiif/vocabulary" "^1.0.11"
- isomorphic-unfetch "^3.0.0"
-
-manifesto.js@^4.2.4:
- version "4.2.4"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/manifesto.js/-/manifesto.js-4.2.4.tgz#996cb3bd638883ea8f447ad00b958f23aeb0a184"
- integrity sha512-Kfa3RSFnWeLTmzpkRQu/WM1275cx859rzwQO0wiRVo3Kl3yjbyV7QPzZkLCqgaL76gOarfYe28t1EDytgGpL9A==
- dependencies:
- "@edsilv/http-status-codes" "^1.0.3"
- "@iiif/vocabulary" "^1.0.20"
- isomorphic-unfetch "^3.0.0"
- lodash "^4.17.21"
-
map-cache@^0.2.2:
version "0.2.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/map-cache/-/map-cache-0.2.2.tgz#c32abd0bd6525d9b051645bb4f26ac5dc98a0dbf"
@@ -7402,11 +6752,6 @@ map-visit@^1.0.0:
dependencies:
object-visit "^1.0.0"
-marks-pane@^1.0.9:
- version "1.0.9"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/marks-pane/-/marks-pane-1.0.9.tgz#c0b5ab813384d8cd81faaeb3bbf3397dc809c1b3"
- integrity sha512-Ahs4oeG90tbdPWwAJkAAoHg2lRR8lAs9mZXETNPO9hYg3AkjUJBKi1NQ4aaIQZVGrig7c/3NUV1jANl8rFTeMg==
-
math-expression-evaluator@^1.2.14:
version "1.2.17"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/math-expression-evaluator/-/math-expression-evaluator-1.2.17.tgz#de819fdbcd84dccd8fae59c6aeb79615b9d266ac"
@@ -7426,13 +6771,6 @@ media-typer@0.3.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/media-typer/-/media-typer-0.3.0.tgz#8710d7af0aa626f8fffa1ce00168545263255748"
integrity sha1-hxDXrwqmJvj/+hzgAWhUUmMlV0g=
-mediaelement@4.0.2:
- version "4.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mediaelement/-/mediaelement-4.0.2.tgz#0f2d27be963a93c17e7bcb118b737ff6dfa9983f"
- integrity sha1-Dy0nvpY6k8F+e8sRi3N/9t+pmD8=
- dependencies:
- global "^4.3.1"
-
memory-fs@^0.4.1:
version "0.4.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/memory-fs/-/memory-fs-0.4.1.tgz#3a9a20b8462523e447cfbc7e8bb80ed667bfc552"
@@ -7514,7 +6852,7 @@ mime-db@1.52.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz#bbabcdc02859f4987301c856e3387ce5ec43bf70"
integrity sha512-sPU4uV7dYlvtWJxwwxHD0PuihVNiE7TyAbQ5SWxDCB9mUYvOgroQOwYQQOKPJ8CIbE+1ETVlOoK1UC2nU3gYvg==
-mime-types@^2.1.12, mime-types@~2.1.17, mime-types@~2.1.19, mime-types@~2.1.24:
+mime-types@^2.1.12, mime-types@~2.1.17, mime-types@~2.1.24:
version "2.1.24"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.24.tgz#b6f8d0b3e951efb77dedeca194cff6d16f676f81"
integrity sha512-WaFHS3MCl5fapm3oLxU4eYDw77IQM2ACcxQ9RIxfaC3ooc6PFuBMGZZsYpvoXS5D5QTWPieo1jjLdAm3TBP3cQ==
@@ -7538,23 +6876,11 @@ mime@^2.4.4:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mime/-/mime-2.6.0.tgz#a2a682a95cd4d0cb1d6257e28f83da7e35800367"
integrity sha512-USPkMeET31rOMiarsBNIHZKLGgvKc/LrjofAnBlOttf5ajRvqiRA8QsenbcooctK6d6Ts6aqZXBA+XbkKthiQg==
-mimic-fn@^1.0.0:
- version "1.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mimic-fn/-/mimic-fn-1.2.0.tgz#820c86a39334640e99516928bd03fca88057d022"
- integrity sha512-jf84uxzwiuiIVKiOLpfYk7N46TSy8ubTonmneY9vrpHNAnp0QBt2BxWV9dO3/j+BoVAb+a5G6YDPW3M5HOdMWQ==
-
mimic-fn@^2.1.0:
version "2.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mimic-fn/-/mimic-fn-2.1.0.tgz#7ed2c2ccccaf84d3ffcb7a69b57711fc2083401b"
integrity sha512-OqbOk5oEQeAZ8WXWydlu9HJjz9WVdEIvamMCcXmuqUYjTknH/sqsWvhQ3vgwKFRR1HpjvNBKQ37nbJgYzGqGcg==
-min-document@^2.19.0:
- version "2.19.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/min-document/-/min-document-2.19.0.tgz#7bd282e3f5842ed295bb748cdd9f1ffa2c824685"
- integrity sha1-e9KC4/WELtKVu3SM3Z8f+iyCRoU=
- dependencies:
- dom-walk "^0.1.0"
-
min-indent@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/min-indent/-/min-indent-1.0.1.tgz#a63f681673b30571fbe8bc25686ae746eefa9869"
@@ -7603,7 +6929,7 @@ minimist@1.1.x:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/minimist/-/minimist-1.1.3.tgz#3bedfd91a92d39016fcfaa1c681e8faa1a1efda8"
integrity sha1-O+39kaktOQFvz6ocaB6Pqhoe/ag=
-minimist@1.2.0, minimist@^1.2.0:
+minimist@^1.2.0:
version "1.2.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/minimist/-/minimist-1.2.0.tgz#a35008b20f41383eec1fb914f4cd5df79a264284"
integrity sha1-o1AIsg9BOD7sH7kU9M1d95omQoQ=
@@ -7740,11 +7066,6 @@ mute-stream@0.0.5:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mute-stream/-/mute-stream-0.0.5.tgz#8fbfabb0a98a253d3184331f9e8deb7372fac6c0"
integrity sha1-j7+rsKmKJT0xhDMfno3rc3L6xsA=
-mute-stream@0.0.7:
- version "0.0.7"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/mute-stream/-/mute-stream-0.0.7.tgz#3075ce93bc21b8fab43e1bc4da7e8115ed1e7bab"
- integrity sha1-MHXOk7whuPq0PhvE2n6BFe0ee6s=
-
nan@^2.12.1:
version "2.13.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/nan/-/nan-2.13.2.tgz#f51dc7ae66ba7d5d55e1e6d4d8092e802c9aefe7"
@@ -7811,24 +7132,6 @@ nice-try@^1.0.4:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/nice-try/-/nice-try-1.0.5.tgz#a3378a7696ce7d223e88fc9b764bd7ef1089e366"
integrity sha512-1nh45deeb5olNY7eX82BkPO7SSxR5SSYJiPTrTdFUVYwAl8CKMA5N9PjTYkHiRjisVcxcQ1HXdLhx2qxxJzLNQ==
-node-ensure@^0.0.0:
- version "0.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-ensure/-/node-ensure-0.0.0.tgz#ecae764150de99861ec5c810fd5d096b183932a7"
- integrity sha1-7K52QVDemYYexcgQ/V0Jaxg5Mqc=
-
-node-fetch@1.6.3:
- version "1.6.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-fetch/-/node-fetch-1.6.3.tgz#dc234edd6489982d58e8f0db4f695029abcd8c04"
- integrity sha1-3CNO3WSJmC1Y6PDbT2lQKavNjAQ=
- dependencies:
- encoding "^0.1.11"
- is-stream "^1.0.1"
-
-node-fetch@^2.6.1:
- version "2.6.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-fetch/-/node-fetch-2.6.1.tgz#045bd323631f76ed2e2b55573394416b639a0052"
- integrity sha512-V4aYg89jEoVRxRb2fJdAg8FHvI7cEyYdVAh94HH0UIK8oJxUfkjlDQN9RbMx+bEjP7+ggMiFRprSti032Oipxw==
-
node-forge@^0.10.0:
version "0.10.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/node-forge/-/node-forge-0.10.0.tgz#32dea2afb3e9926f02ee5ce8794902691a676bf3"
@@ -7991,11 +7294,6 @@ nwsapi@^2.2.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/nwsapi/-/nwsapi-2.2.7.tgz#738e0707d3128cb750dddcfe90e4610482df0f30"
integrity sha512-ub5E4+FBPKwAZx0UwIQOjYWGHTEq5sPqHQNRN8Z9e4A7u3Tj1weLJsL59yH9vmvqEtBHaOmT6cYQKIZOxp35FQ==
-oauth-sign@~0.9.0:
- version "0.9.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/oauth-sign/-/oauth-sign-0.9.0.tgz#47a7b016baa68b5fa0ecf3dee08a85c679ac6455"
- integrity sha512-fexhUFFPTGV8ybAtSIGbV6gOkSv8UtRbDBnAyLQw4QPKkgNlsH2ByPGtMUqdWkos6YCRmAqViwgZrJc/mRDzZQ==
-
object-assign@^4.0.1, object-assign@^4.1.0, object-assign@^4.1.1:
version "4.1.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/object-assign/-/object-assign-4.1.1.tgz#2109adc7965887cfc05cbbd442cac8bfbb360863"
@@ -8096,13 +7394,6 @@ onetime@^1.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/onetime/-/onetime-1.1.0.tgz#a1f7838f8314c516f05ecefcbc4ccfe04b4ed789"
integrity sha1-ofeDj4MUxRbwXs78vEzP4EtO14k=
-onetime@^2.0.0:
- version "2.0.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/onetime/-/onetime-2.0.1.tgz#067428230fd67443b2794b22bba528b6867962d4"
- integrity sha1-BnQoIw/WdEOyeUsiu6UotoZ5YtQ=
- dependencies:
- mimic-fn "^1.0.0"
-
onetime@^5.1.2:
version "5.1.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/onetime/-/onetime-5.1.2.tgz#d0e96ebb56b07476df1dd9c4806e5237985ca45e"
@@ -8110,31 +7401,6 @@ onetime@^5.1.2:
dependencies:
mimic-fn "^2.1.0"
-opencollective@1.0.3:
- version "1.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/opencollective/-/opencollective-1.0.3.tgz#aee6372bc28144583690c3ca8daecfc120dd0ef1"
- integrity sha1-ruY3K8KBRFg2kMPKja7PwSDdDvE=
- dependencies:
- babel-polyfill "6.23.0"
- chalk "1.1.3"
- inquirer "3.0.6"
- minimist "1.2.0"
- node-fetch "1.6.3"
- opn "4.0.2"
-
-openseadragon@2.2.1:
- version "2.2.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/openseadragon/-/openseadragon-2.2.1.tgz#5f8ef0fdb7e0aa79e0fb0d927701466cf816bb2f"
- integrity sha1-X47w/bfgqnng+w2SdwFGbPgWuy8=
-
-opn@4.0.2:
- version "4.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/opn/-/opn-4.0.2.tgz#7abc22e644dff63b0a96d5ab7f2790c0f01abc95"
- integrity sha1-erwi5kTf9jsKltWrfyeQwPAavJU=
- dependencies:
- object-assign "^4.0.1"
- pinkie-promise "^2.0.0"
-
opn@^5.5.0:
version "5.5.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/opn/-/opn-5.5.0.tgz#fc7164fab56d235904c51c3b27da6758ca3b9bfc"
@@ -8164,7 +7430,7 @@ os-homedir@^1.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/os-homedir/-/os-homedir-1.0.2.tgz#ffbc4988336e0e833de0c168c7ef152121aa7fb3"
integrity sha1-/7xJiDNuDoM94MFox+8VISGqf7M=
-os-tmpdir@^1.0.0, os-tmpdir@~1.0.2:
+os-tmpdir@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/os-tmpdir/-/os-tmpdir-1.0.2.tgz#bbe67406c79aa85c5cfec766fe5734555dfa1274"
integrity sha1-u+Z0BseaqFxc/sdm/lc0VV36EnQ=
@@ -8246,11 +7512,6 @@ p-try@^2.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/p-try/-/p-try-2.2.0.tgz#cb2868540e313d61de58fafbe35ce9004d5540e6"
integrity sha512-R4nPAVTAU0B9D35/Gk3uJf/7XYbQcyohSKdvAxIRSNghFl4e71hVoGnBNQz9cWaXxO2I10KTC+3jMdvvoKw6dQ==
-pako@~1.0.2:
- version "1.0.11"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pako/-/pako-1.0.11.tgz#6c9599d340d54dfd3946380252a35705a6b992bf"
- integrity sha512-4hLB8Py4zZce5s4yd9XzopqwVv/yGNhV1Bl8NTmCq1763HeK2+EwVTv+leGeL13Dnh2wfbqowVPXCIO0z4taYw==
-
pako@~1.0.5:
version "1.0.10"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pako/-/pako-1.0.10.tgz#4328badb5086a426aa90f541977d4955da5c9732"
@@ -8393,11 +7654,6 @@ path-type@^3.0.0:
dependencies:
pify "^3.0.0"
-path-webpack@0.0.3:
- version "0.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/path-webpack/-/path-webpack-0.0.3.tgz#ff6dec749eec5a94605c04d5f63fc55607a03a16"
- integrity sha1-/23sdJ7sWpRgXATV9j/FVgegOhY=
-
pbkdf2@^3.0.3:
version "3.0.17"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pbkdf2/-/pbkdf2-3.0.17.tgz#976c206530617b14ebb32114239f7b09336e93a6"
@@ -8409,24 +7665,6 @@ pbkdf2@^3.0.3:
safe-buffer "^5.0.1"
sha.js "^2.4.8"
-pdfjs-dist@2.0.161:
- version "2.0.161"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pdfjs-dist/-/pdfjs-dist-2.0.161.tgz#4d52923a180aee4e043ceb8c253b16e3ebf50f74"
- integrity sha1-TVKSOhgK7k4EPOuMJTsW4+v1D3Q=
- dependencies:
- node-ensure "^0.0.0"
- worker-loader "^1.0.0"
-
-pdfobject@^2.1.1:
- version "2.2.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pdfobject/-/pdfobject-2.2.5.tgz#3e79dae8925a68f60c79423f56737bfd2d7e8a0b"
- integrity sha512-B301nc24w02BMqrJoDOUBGRfHBqGtLztsdUyyhYsZaxD3R1DyNKtkDcilo+A4FYSW82k/LXAiXVREkYoqU2G4g==
-
-performance-now@^2.1.0:
- version "2.1.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/performance-now/-/performance-now-2.1.0.tgz#6309f4e0e5fa913ec1c69307ae364b4b377c9e7b"
- integrity sha1-Ywn04OX6kT7BxpMHrjZLSzd8nns=
-
picocolors@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.0.0.tgz#cb5bdc74ff3f51892236eaf79d68bc44564ab81c"
@@ -9119,11 +8357,6 @@ pseudomap@^1.0.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pseudomap/-/pseudomap-1.0.2.tgz#f052a28da70e618917ef0a8ac34c1ae5a68286b3"
integrity sha1-8FKijacOYYkX7wqKw0wa5aaChrM=
-psl@^1.1.28:
- version "1.8.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/psl/-/psl-1.8.0.tgz#9326f8bcfb013adcc005fdff056acce020e51c24"
- integrity sha512-RIdOzyoavK+hA18OGGWDqUTsCLhtA7IcZ/6NCs4fFJaHBDab+pDDmDIByWFRQJq2Cd7r1OoQxBGKOaztq+hjIQ==
-
psl@^1.1.33:
version "1.9.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/psl/-/psl-1.9.0.tgz#d0df2a137f00794565fcaf3b2c00cd09f8d5a5a7"
@@ -9198,11 +8431,6 @@ qs@6.11.0:
dependencies:
side-channel "^1.0.4"
-qs@~6.5.2:
- version "6.5.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/qs/-/qs-6.5.2.tgz#cb3ae806e8740444584ef154ce8ee98d403f3e36"
- integrity sha512-N5ZAX4/LxJmF+7wN74pUD6qAh9/wnvdQcjq9TZjevvXzSUo7bfmw91saqMjzGS2xq91/odN2dW/WOl7qQHNDGA==
-
query-string@^4.1.0:
version "4.3.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/query-string/-/query-string-4.3.4.tgz#bbb693b9ca915c232515b228b1a02b609043dbeb"
@@ -9477,11 +8705,6 @@ regenerate@^1.4.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/regenerate/-/regenerate-1.4.2.tgz#b9346d8827e8f5a32f7ba29637d398b69014848a"
integrity sha512-zrceR/XhGYU/d/opr2EKO7aRHUeiBI8qjtfHqADTwZd6Szfy16la6kqD0MIUs5z5hx6AaKa+PixpPrR289+I0A==
-regenerator-runtime@^0.10.0:
- version "0.10.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/regenerator-runtime/-/regenerator-runtime-0.10.5.tgz#336c3efc1220adcedda2c9fab67b5a7955a33658"
- integrity sha1-M2w+/BIgrc7dosn6tntaeVWjNlg=
-
regenerator-runtime@^0.11.0:
version "0.11.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/regenerator-runtime/-/regenerator-runtime-0.11.1.tgz#be05ad7f9bf7d22e056f9726cee5017fbf19e2e9"
@@ -9582,32 +8805,6 @@ repeat-string@^1.6.1:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/repeat-string/-/repeat-string-1.6.1.tgz#8dcae470e1c88abc2d600fff4a776286da75e637"
integrity sha1-jcrkcOHIirwtYA//Sndihtp15jc=
-request@^2.83.0:
- version "2.88.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/request/-/request-2.88.2.tgz#d73c918731cb5a87da047e207234146f664d12b3"
- integrity sha512-MsvtOrfG9ZcrOwAW+Qi+F6HbD0CWXEh9ou77uOb7FM2WPhwT7smM833PzanhJLsgXjN89Ir6V2PczXNnMpwKhw==
- dependencies:
- aws-sign2 "~0.7.0"
- aws4 "^1.8.0"
- caseless "~0.12.0"
- combined-stream "~1.0.6"
- extend "~3.0.2"
- forever-agent "~0.6.1"
- form-data "~2.3.2"
- har-validator "~5.1.3"
- http-signature "~1.2.0"
- is-typedarray "~1.0.0"
- isstream "~0.1.2"
- json-stringify-safe "~5.0.1"
- mime-types "~2.1.19"
- oauth-sign "~0.9.0"
- performance-now "^2.1.0"
- qs "~6.5.2"
- safe-buffer "^5.1.2"
- tough-cookie "~2.5.0"
- tunnel-agent "^0.6.0"
- uuid "^3.3.2"
-
require-directory@^2.1.1:
version "2.1.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/require-directory/-/require-directory-2.1.1.tgz#8c64ad5fd30dab1c976e2344ffe7f792a6a6df42"
@@ -9631,11 +8828,6 @@ require-uncached@^1.0.2:
caller-path "^0.1.0"
resolve-from "^1.0.0"
-requirejs@2.2.0:
- version "2.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/requirejs/-/requirejs-2.2.0.tgz#0f2b1538af2b8d0a4fffffde5d367aa9cd4cfe84"
- integrity sha1-DysVOK8rjQpP///eXTZ6qc1M/oQ=
-
requires-port@^1.0.0:
version "1.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/requires-port/-/requires-port-1.0.0.tgz#925d2601d39ac485e091cf0da5c6e694dc3dcaff"
@@ -9737,14 +8929,6 @@ restore-cursor@^1.0.1:
exit-hook "^1.0.0"
onetime "^1.0.0"
-restore-cursor@^2.0.0:
- version "2.0.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/restore-cursor/-/restore-cursor-2.0.0.tgz#9f7ee287f82fd326d4fd162923d62129eee0dfaf"
- integrity sha1-n37ih/gv0ybU/RYpI9YhKe7g368=
- dependencies:
- onetime "^2.0.0"
- signal-exit "^3.0.2"
-
ret@~0.1.10:
version "0.1.15"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ret/-/ret-0.1.15.tgz#b8a4825d5bdb1fc3f6f53c2bc33f81388681c7bc"
@@ -9795,11 +8979,6 @@ ripemd160@^2.0.0, ripemd160@^2.0.1:
hash-base "^3.0.0"
inherits "^2.0.1"
-round10@^1.0.3:
- version "1.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/round10/-/round10-1.0.3.tgz#86110f46a10874a1931da7fdd5e06d1857a8e4d0"
- integrity sha1-hhEPRqEIdKGTHaf91eBtGFeo5NA=
-
run-async@^0.1.0:
version "0.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/run-async/-/run-async-0.1.0.tgz#c8ad4a5e110661e402a7d21b530e009f25f8e389"
@@ -9807,11 +8986,6 @@ run-async@^0.1.0:
dependencies:
once "^1.3.0"
-run-async@^2.2.0:
- version "2.4.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/run-async/-/run-async-2.4.1.tgz#8440eccf99ea3e70bd409d49aab88e10c189a455"
- integrity sha512-tvVnVv01b8c1RrA6Ep7JkStj85Guv/YrMcwqYQnwjsAS2cTmmPGBBjAjpCW7RrSodNSoE2/qg9O4bceNvUuDgQ==
-
run-queue@^1.0.0, run-queue@^1.0.3:
version "1.0.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/run-queue/-/run-queue-1.0.3.tgz#e848396f057d223f24386924618e25694161ec47"
@@ -9824,11 +8998,6 @@ rx-lite@^3.1.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/rx-lite/-/rx-lite-3.1.2.tgz#19ce502ca572665f3b647b10939f97fd1615f102"
integrity sha1-Gc5QLKVyZl87ZHsQk5+X/RYV8QI=
-rx@^4.1.0:
- version "4.1.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/rx/-/rx-4.1.0.tgz#a5f13ff79ef3b740fe30aa803fb09f98805d4782"
- integrity sha1-pfE/957zt0D+MKqAP7CfmIBdR4I=
-
safe-buffer@5.1.2, safe-buffer@^5.0.1, safe-buffer@^5.1.0, safe-buffer@^5.1.1, safe-buffer@^5.1.2, safe-buffer@~5.1.0, safe-buffer@~5.1.1:
version "5.1.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.1.2.tgz#991ec69d296e0313747d59bdfd2b745c35f8828d"
@@ -9846,7 +9015,7 @@ safe-regex@^1.1.0:
dependencies:
ret "~0.1.10"
-"safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3", "safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0", safer-buffer@^2.0.2, safer-buffer@^2.1.0, safer-buffer@~2.1.0:
+"safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3", "safer-buffer@>= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0":
version "2.1.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz#44fa161b0187b9549dd84bb91802f9bd8385cd6a"
integrity sha512-YZo3K82SD7Riyi0E1EQPojLz7kpepnSQI9IyPbHHg1XXXevb5dJI7tpyN2ADxGcQbHG7vcyRHk0cbwqcQriUtg==
@@ -9871,11 +9040,6 @@ sass@^1.71.0:
immutable "^4.0.0"
source-map-js ">=0.6.2 <2.0.0"
-sax@1.2.1:
- version "1.2.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sax/-/sax-1.2.1.tgz#7b8e656190b228e81a66aea748480d828cd2d37a"
- integrity sha1-e45lYZCyKOgaZq6nSEgNgozS03o=
-
sax@^1.2.4, sax@~1.2.1:
version "1.2.4"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sax/-/sax-1.2.4.tgz#2816234e2378bddc4e5354fab5caa895df7100d9"
@@ -10065,11 +9229,6 @@ set-function-name@^2.0.1:
functions-have-names "^1.2.3"
has-property-descriptors "^1.0.2"
-set-immediate-shim@~1.0.1:
- version "1.0.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/set-immediate-shim/-/set-immediate-shim-1.0.1.tgz#4b2b1b27eb808a9f8dcc481a58e5e56f599f3f61"
- integrity sha1-SysbJ+uAip+NzEgaWOXlb1mfP2E=
-
set-value@^0.4.3:
version "0.4.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/set-value/-/set-value-0.4.3.tgz#7db08f9d3d22dc7f78e53af3c3bf4666ecdfccf1"
@@ -10176,11 +9335,6 @@ signal-exit@^3.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-3.0.2.tgz#b5fdc08f1287ea1178628e415e25132b73646c6d"
integrity sha1-tf3AjxKH6hF4Yo5BXiUTK3NkbG0=
-signal-exit@^3.0.2:
- version "3.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-3.0.3.tgz#a1410c2edd8f077b08b4e253c8eacfcaf057461c"
- integrity sha512-VUJ49FC8U1OxwZLxIbTTrDvLnf/6TDgxZcK8wxR8zs13xpx7xbG60ndBlhNrFi2EMuFRoeDoJO7wthSLq42EjA==
-
signal-exit@^3.0.3, signal-exit@^3.0.7:
version "3.0.7"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-3.0.7.tgz#a9a1767f8af84155114eaabd73f99273c8f59ad9"
@@ -10376,21 +9530,6 @@ sprintf-js@~1.0.2:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sprintf-js/-/sprintf-js-1.0.3.tgz#04e6926f662895354f3dd015203633b857297e2c"
integrity sha1-BOaSb2YolTVPPdAVIDYzuFcpfiw=
-sshpk@^1.7.0:
- version "1.16.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sshpk/-/sshpk-1.16.1.tgz#fb661c0bef29b39db40769ee39fa70093d6f6877"
- integrity sha512-HXXqVUq7+pcKeLqqZj6mHFUMvXtOJt1uoUx09pFW6011inTMxqI8BA8PM95myrIyyKwdnzjdFjLiE6KBPVtJIg==
- dependencies:
- asn1 "~0.2.3"
- assert-plus "^1.0.0"
- bcrypt-pbkdf "^1.0.0"
- dashdash "^1.12.0"
- ecc-jsbn "~0.1.1"
- getpass "^0.1.1"
- jsbn "~0.1.0"
- safer-buffer "^2.0.2"
- tweetnacl "~0.14.0"
-
ssri@^5.2.4:
version "5.3.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ssri/-/ssri-5.3.0.tgz#ba3872c9c6d33a0704a7d71ff045e5ec48999d06"
@@ -10517,11 +9656,6 @@ string-width@^4.1.0, string-width@^4.2.0, string-width@^4.2.3:
is-fullwidth-code-point "^3.0.0"
strip-ansi "^6.0.1"
-string.prototype.endswith@^0.2.0:
- version "0.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/string.prototype.endswith/-/string.prototype.endswith-0.2.0.tgz#a19c20dee51a98777e9a47e10f09be393b9bba75"
- integrity sha1-oZwg3uUamHd+mkfhDwm+OTubunU=
-
string_decoder@^1.0.0, string_decoder@^1.1.1:
version "1.2.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-1.2.0.tgz#fe86e738b19544afe70469243b2a1ee9240eae8d"
@@ -10764,11 +9898,6 @@ text-table@~0.2.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/text-table/-/text-table-0.2.0.tgz#7f5ee823ae805207c00af2df4a84ec3fcfa570b4"
integrity sha1-f17oI66AUgfACvLfSoTsP8+lcLQ=
-three@0.91.0:
- version "0.91.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/three/-/three-0.91.0.tgz#033fe745b64e56e679a86581957cfd1c5f9fe284"
- integrity sha512-dzikzdcddNROFZi3vkbV8YonBmqnonbJv2FxlQBEE2wKzZutddnjiS8qBZG2+EB40l505Xw8OMClQm+GmbwI/g==
-
through2@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.5"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/through2/-/through2-2.0.5.tgz#01c1e39eb31d07cb7d03a96a70823260b23132cd"
@@ -10794,13 +9923,6 @@ timers-browserify@^2.0.4:
dependencies:
setimmediate "^1.0.4"
-tmp@^0.0.33:
- version "0.0.33"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tmp/-/tmp-0.0.33.tgz#6d34335889768d21b2bcda0aa277ced3b1bfadf9"
- integrity sha512-jRCJlojKnZ3addtTOjdIqoRuPEKBvNXcGYqzO6zWZX8KfKEpnGY5jfggJQ3EjKuu8D4bJRr0y+cYJFmYbImXGw==
- dependencies:
- os-tmpdir "~1.0.2"
-
tmpl@1.0.5:
version "1.0.5"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tmpl/-/tmpl-1.0.5.tgz#8683e0b902bb9c20c4f726e3c0b69f36518c07cc"
@@ -10863,14 +9985,6 @@ tough-cookie@^4.1.2:
universalify "^0.2.0"
url-parse "^1.5.3"
-tough-cookie@~2.5.0:
- version "2.5.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tough-cookie/-/tough-cookie-2.5.0.tgz#cd9fb2a0aa1d5a12b473bd9fb96fa3dcff65ade2"
- integrity sha512-nlLsUzgm1kfLXSXfRZMc1KLAugd4hqJHDTvc2hDIwS3mZAfMEuMbc03SujMF+GEcpaX/qboeycw6iO8JwVv2+g==
- dependencies:
- psl "^1.1.28"
- punycode "^2.1.1"
-
tr46@^3.0.0:
version "3.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tr46/-/tr46-3.0.0.tgz#555c4e297a950617e8eeddef633c87d4d9d6cbf9"
@@ -10883,18 +9997,6 @@ tty-browserify@0.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tty-browserify/-/tty-browserify-0.0.0.tgz#a157ba402da24e9bf957f9aa69d524eed42901a6"
integrity sha1-oVe6QC2iTpv5V/mqadUk7tQpAaY=
-tunnel-agent@^0.6.0:
- version "0.6.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tunnel-agent/-/tunnel-agent-0.6.0.tgz#27a5dea06b36b04a0a9966774b290868f0fc40fd"
- integrity sha1-J6XeoGs2sEoKmWZ3SykIaPD8QP0=
- dependencies:
- safe-buffer "^5.0.1"
-
-tweetnacl@^0.14.3, tweetnacl@~0.14.0:
- version "0.14.5"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tweetnacl/-/tweetnacl-0.14.5.tgz#5ae68177f192d4456269d108afa93ff8743f4f64"
- integrity sha1-WuaBd/GS1EViadEIr6k/+HQ/T2Q=
-
type-check@~0.3.2:
version "0.3.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/type-check/-/type-check-0.3.2.tgz#5884cab512cf1d355e3fb784f30804b2b520db72"
@@ -10925,16 +10027,6 @@ typedarray@^0.0.6:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/typedarray/-/typedarray-0.0.6.tgz#867ac74e3864187b1d3d47d996a78ec5c8830777"
integrity sha1-hnrHTjhkGHsdPUfZlqeOxciDB3c=
-typescript@^2.8.3:
- version "2.9.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/typescript/-/typescript-2.9.2.tgz#1cbf61d05d6b96269244eb6a3bce4bd914e0f00c"
- integrity sha512-Gr4p6nFNaoufRIY4NMdpQRNmgxVIGMs4Fcu/ujdYk3nAZqk7supzBE9idmvfZIlH/Cuj//dvi+019qEue9lV0w==
-
-unfetch@^4.2.0:
- version "4.2.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/unfetch/-/unfetch-4.2.0.tgz#7e21b0ef7d363d8d9af0fb929a5555f6ef97a3be"
- integrity sha512-F9p7yYCn6cIW9El1zi0HI6vqpeIvBsr3dSuRO6Xuppb1u5rXpCPmMvLSyECLhybr9isec8Ohl0hPekMVrEinDA==
-
unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript/-/unicode-canonical-property-names-ecmascript-2.0.0.tgz#301acdc525631670d39f6146e0e77ff6bbdebddc"
@@ -10997,50 +10089,6 @@ universalify@^0.2.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/universalify/-/universalify-0.2.0.tgz#6451760566fa857534745ab1dde952d1b1761be0"
integrity sha512-CJ1QgKmNg3CwvAv/kOFmtnEN05f0D/cn9QntgNOQlQF9dgvVTHj3t+8JPdjqawCHk7V/KA+fbUqzZ9XWhcqPUg==
-universalviewer@3.1.4:
- version "3.1.4"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/universalviewer/-/universalviewer-3.1.4.tgz#5355aa77e06a05d1252f473e7b437caa24ecd9ff"
- integrity sha512-1z/0iN0JcGlN3lNX3/hMts2WAaLdmvG+j50lgqdzKsGex6033XmE30otl0U2UvF21S5U7bVlW+KYlMeIQyTRww==
- dependencies:
- "@edsilv/exjs" "0.5.1"
- "@edsilv/http-status-codes" "0.0.12"
- "@edsilv/jquery-plugins" "1.0.7"
- "@edsilv/key-codes" "0.0.9"
- "@edsilv/utils" "0.2.6"
- "@iiif/base-component" "1.1.4"
- "@iiif/iiif-av-component" "^1.1.3"
- "@iiif/iiif-gallery-component" "1.1.19"
- "@iiif/iiif-metadata-component" "1.1.19"
- "@iiif/iiif-tree-component" "1.1.16"
- "@iiif/manifold" "^2.0.5"
- "@iiif/vocabulary" "^1.0.20"
- "@types/modernizr" "3.2.29"
- "@types/requirejs" "2.1.28"
- "@types/three" "0.84.20"
- "@universalviewer/uv-cy-gb-theme" "1.1.2"
- "@universalviewer/uv-ebook-components" "^1.0.0"
- "@universalviewer/uv-en-gb-theme" "1.1.2"
- core-js "2.4.1"
- dashjs "2.6.7"
- hls.js "0.9.1"
- jquery "3.3.1"
- jquery-binarytransport "1.0.0"
- jquery-ui-dist "1.12.1"
- jquery-ui-touch-punch "0.2.3"
- jsviews "0.9.83"
- manifesto.js "^4.2.4"
- mediaelement "4.0.2"
- opencollective "1.0.3"
- openseadragon "2.2.1"
- pdfjs-dist "2.0.161"
- pdfobject "^2.1.1"
- requirejs "2.2.0"
- three "0.91.0"
- virtex3d "0.3.18"
- waveform-data "2.0.2"
- whatwg-fetch "^3.0.0"
- xss "1.0.3"
-
unpipe@1.0.0, unpipe@~1.0.0:
version "1.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/unpipe/-/unpipe-1.0.0.tgz#b2bf4ee8514aae6165b4817829d21b2ef49904ec"
@@ -11095,16 +10143,6 @@ url-parse@^1.5.10, url-parse@^1.5.3:
querystringify "^2.1.1"
requires-port "^1.0.0"
-url-polyfill@^1.1.3:
- version "1.1.12"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/url-polyfill/-/url-polyfill-1.1.12.tgz#6cdaa17f6b022841b3aec0bf8dbd87ac0cd33331"
- integrity sha512-mYFmBHCapZjtcNHW0MDq9967t+z4Dmg5CJ0KqysK3+ZbyoNOWQHksGCTWwDhxGXllkWlOc10Xfko6v4a3ucM6A==
-
-url-toolkit@^2.1.2:
- version "2.2.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/url-toolkit/-/url-toolkit-2.2.2.tgz#51ef27b56d3187185f9ecf4a8ac7e8f55203c89d"
- integrity sha512-l25w6Sy+Iy3/IbogunxhWwljPaDnqpiKvrQRoLBm6DfISco7NyRIS7Zf6+Oxhy1T8kHxWdwLND7ZZba6NjXMug==
-
url@^0.11.0:
version "0.11.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/url/-/url-0.11.0.tgz#3838e97cfc60521eb73c525a8e55bfdd9e2e28f1"
@@ -11186,25 +10224,6 @@ vendors@^1.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/vendors/-/vendors-1.0.3.tgz#a6467781abd366217c050f8202e7e50cc9eef8c0"
integrity sha512-fOi47nsJP5Wqefa43kyWSg80qF+Q3XA6MUkgi7Hp1HQaKDQW4cQrK2D0P7mmbFtsV1N89am55Yru/nyEwRubcw==
-verror@1.10.0:
- version "1.10.0"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/verror/-/verror-1.10.0.tgz#3a105ca17053af55d6e270c1f8288682e18da400"
- integrity sha1-OhBcoXBTr1XW4nDB+CiGguGNpAA=
- dependencies:
- assert-plus "^1.0.0"
- core-util-is "1.0.2"
- extsprintf "^1.2.0"
-
-virtex3d@0.3.18:
- version "0.3.18"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/virtex3d/-/virtex3d-0.3.18.tgz#f650613d80105cd0421519903d9ea661e5214cca"
- integrity sha512-ty9s0U77P+NhHHJKRDm2uQvpoOHDPlJFePxXHpeVaLKFRsHpACEr9Ia55Nw/w6en20oq9rwAKm6V59/cT7kmSw==
- dependencies:
- "@edsilv/key-codes" "0.0.9"
- "@types/three" "0.91.0"
- "@types/webvr-api" "0.0.31"
- three "0.91.0"
-
vm-browserify@^1.0.1:
version "1.1.2"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/vm-browserify/-/vm-browserify-1.1.2.tgz#78641c488b8e6ca91a75f511e7a3b32a86e5dda0"
@@ -11242,11 +10261,6 @@ watchpack@^1.7.4:
chokidar "^3.4.1"
watchpack-chokidar2 "^2.0.1"
-waveform-data@2.0.2:
- version "2.0.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/waveform-data/-/waveform-data-2.0.2.tgz#be8092f3e0d7edebc050e5b313c3f97a0690472c"
- integrity sha1-voCS8+DX7evAUOWzE8P5egaQRyw=
-
wbuf@^1.1.0, wbuf@^1.7.3:
version "1.7.3"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wbuf/-/wbuf-1.7.3.tgz#c1d8d149316d3ea852848895cb6a0bfe887b87df"
@@ -11440,11 +10454,6 @@ whatwg-encoding@^2.0.0:
dependencies:
iconv-lite "0.6.3"
-whatwg-fetch@^3.0.0:
- version "3.6.2"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/whatwg-fetch/-/whatwg-fetch-3.6.2.tgz#dced24f37f2624ed0281725d51d0e2e3fe677f8c"
- integrity sha512-bJlen0FcuU/0EMLrdbJ7zOnW6ITZLrZMIarMUVmdKtsGvZna8vxKYaexICWPfZ8qwf9fzNq+UEIZrnSaApt6RA==
-
whatwg-mimetype@^3.0.0:
version "3.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/whatwg-mimetype/-/whatwg-mimetype-3.0.0.tgz#5fa1a7623867ff1af6ca3dc72ad6b8a4208beba7"
@@ -11538,14 +10547,6 @@ worker-farm@^1.7.0:
dependencies:
errno "~0.1.7"
-worker-loader@^1.0.0:
- version "1.1.1"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/worker-loader/-/worker-loader-1.1.1.tgz#920d74ddac6816fc635392653ed8b4af1929fd92"
- integrity sha512-qJZLVS/jMCBITDzPo/RuweYSIG8VJP5P67mP/71alGyTZRe1LYJFdwLjLalY3T5ifx0bMDRD3OB6P2p1escvlg==
- dependencies:
- loader-utils "^1.0.0"
- schema-utils "^0.4.0"
-
wrap-ansi@^5.1.0:
version "5.1.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/wrap-ansi/-/wrap-ansi-5.1.0.tgz#1fd1f67235d5b6d0fee781056001bfb694c03b09"
@@ -11606,19 +10607,6 @@ xmlchars@^2.2.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/xmlchars/-/xmlchars-2.2.0.tgz#060fe1bcb7f9c76fe2a17db86a9bc3ab894210cb"
integrity sha512-JZnDKK8B0RCDw84FNdDAIpZK+JuJw+s7Lz8nksI7SIuU3UXJJslUthsi+uWBUYOwPFwW7W7PRLRfUKpxjtjFCw==
-xmldom@^0.1.27:
- version "0.1.31"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/xmldom/-/xmldom-0.1.31.tgz#b76c9a1bd9f0a9737e5a72dc37231cf38375e2ff"
- integrity sha512-yS2uJflVQs6n+CyjHoaBmVSqIDevTAWrzMmjG1Gc7h1qQ7uVozNhEPJAwZXWyGQ/Gafo3fCwrcaokezLPupVyQ==
-
-xss@1.0.3:
- version "1.0.3"
- resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/xss/-/xss-1.0.3.tgz#d04bd2558fd6c29c46113824d5e8b2a910054e23"
- integrity sha512-LTpz3jXPLUphMMmyufoZRSKnqMj41OVypZ8uYGzvjkMV9C1EdACrhQl/EM8Qfh5htSAuMIQFOejmKAZGkJfaCg==
- dependencies:
- commander "^2.9.0"
- cssfilter "0.0.10"
-
xtend@^4.0.0, xtend@~4.0.1:
version "4.0.1"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/xtend/-/xtend-4.0.1.tgz#a5c6d532be656e23db820efb943a1f04998d63af"