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Glossary

  • Access Control – A means of restricting access to files, referenced functions, URLs, and data based on the identity of users and/or groups to which they belong.
  • Application Component – An individual or group of source files, libraries, and/or executables, as defined by the verifier for a particular application.
  • Application Security – Application-level security focuses on the analysis of components that comprise the application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Model), rather than focusing on for example the underlying operating system or connected networks.
  • Application Security Verification – The technical assessment of an application against the OWASP ASVS.
  • Application Security Verification Report – A report that documents the overall results and supporting analysis produced by the verifier for a particular application.
  • Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) – An OWASP standard that defines four levels of application security verification for applications.
  • Authentication – The verification of the claimed identity of an application user.
  • Automated Verification – The use of automated tools (either dynamic analysis tools, static analysis tools, or both) that use vulnerability signatures to find problems.
  • Back Doors – A type of malicious code that allows unauthorized access to an application.
  • Blacklist – A list of data or operations that are not permitted, for example a list of characters that are not allowed as input.
  • Common Criteria (CC) – A multipart standard that can be used as the basis for the verification of the design and implementation of security controls in IT products.
  • Communication Security – The protection of application data when it is transmitted between application components, between clients and servers, and between external systems and the application.
  • Design Verification – The technical assessment of the security architecture of an application.
  • Internal Verification – The technical assessment of specific aspects of the security architecture of an application as defined in the OWASP ASVS.
  • Cryptographic module – Hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements cryptographic algorithms and/or generates cryptographic keys.
  • Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks – The flooding of an application with more requests than it can handle.
  • Dynamic Verification – The use of automated tools that use vulnerability signatures to find problems during the execution of an application.
  • Easter Eggs – A type of malicious code that does not run until a specific user input event occurs.
  • External Systems – A server-side application or service that is not part of the application.
  • FIPS 140-2 – A standard that can be used as the basis for the verification of the design and implementation of cryptographic modules
  • Input Validation – The canonicalization and validation of untrusted user input.
  • Malicious Code – Code introduced into an application during its development unbeknownst to the application owner which circumvents the application’s intended security policy. Not the same as malware such as a virus or worm!
  • Malware – Executable code that is introduced into an application during runtime without the knowledge of the application user or administrator.
  • Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) – The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is a worldwide free and open community focused on improving the security of application software. Our mission is to make application security "visible," so that people and organizations can make informed decisions about application security risks. See: http://www.owasp.org/
  • Output Validation – The canonicalization and validation of application output to Web browsers and to external systems.
  • OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) – A free and open collection of all the security methods that developers need to build secure Web applications. See: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/ESAPI
  • OWASP Risk Rating Methodology – A risk rating methodology that has been customized for application security. See: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/How_to_value_the_real_risk
  • OWASP Testing Guide – A document designed to help organizations understand what comprises a testing program, and to help them identify the steps needed to build and operate that testing program. See: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Testing_Project
  • OWASP Top Ten – A document that represents a broad consensus about what the most critical Web application security flaws are. See: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Top10
  • Positive – See whitelist.
  • Salami Attack – A type of malicious code that is used to redirect small amounts of money without detection in financial transactions.
  • Security Architecture – An abstraction of an application’s design that identifies and describes where and how security controls are used, and also identifies and describes the location and sensitivity of both user and application data.
  • Security Control – A function or component that performs a security check (e.g. an access control check) or when called results in a security effect (e.g. generating an audit record).
  • Security Configuration – The runtime configuration of an application that affects how security controls are used.
  • Static Verification – The use of automated tools that use vulnerability signatures to find problems in application source code.
  • Target of Verification (TOV) – If you are performing an application security verification according to the OWASP ASVS requirements, the verification will be of a particular application. This application is called the "Target of Verification" or simply the TOV.
  • Threat Modeling - A technique consisting of developing increasingly refined security architectures to identify threat agents, security zones, security controls, and important technical and business assets.
  • Time Bomb – A type of malicious code that does not run until a preconfigured time or date elapses.
  • Verifier - The person or team that is reviewing an application against the OWASP ASVS requirements.
  • Whitelist – A list of permitted data or operations, for example a list of characters that are allowed to perform input validation.