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- repository: The project, contains all data and history (commits, branches, tags).
- remote (repository): The copy of the repository on a remote server, such as GitHub. Accessible to anyone who has access to the repository on the server. Also referred to as the "central" repository.
- local (repository): A copy of the repository in another place, such as a laptop or your home directory on a cluster. Generally accessible to one person.
- commit: Snapshot of the project, gets a unique identifier (e.g. c7f0e8bfc718be04525847fc7ac237f470add76e).
- branch: Independent development line. The main development line is often called main or master.
- tag: A pointer to one commit, to be able to refer to it later. Like a commemorative plaque that you attach to a particular commit (e.g. phd-printed or paper-submitted).
- cloning: Copying the whole repository to your laptop - the first time. It is not necessary to download each file one by one. This creates a local copy of the repository.
- forking: Taking a copy of a repository (which is typically not yours) - your copy (fork) stays on GitHub/GitLab and you can make changes to your copy.
- pull: Bring changes from a remote repository to your local repository.
- push: Bring changes from your local repository to the remote repository.
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