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scnu校园网ipv6配置.html
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scnu校园网ipv6配置.html
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SCNU校园网IPv6配置
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<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>因教育网IPv6不限速，使用清华TUNA的开源镜像站下载资源能够跑满带宽，体验非常好，所以就有了给路由器配置IPv6的想法。之前使用极路由官方固件时有官方的教育网插件可以用（使用6relay），但换了Openwrt后使用的是odhcpd，需要自己重新配置一下。这篇博客纪录了我的配置过程，其中参考了恩山论坛的<a href="https://www.right.com.cn/forum/thread-316405-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这篇</a>帖子。</p><a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="配置环境"><a href="#配置环境" class="headerlink" title="配置环境"></a>配置环境</h1><ol>
<li>本次配置使用的硬件设备：极路由3（HC5861、MT7620）</li>
<li>本次配置使用的固件：Lean’s Openwrt R21.6.22</li>
<li>本次配置使用的Mentohust：<a href="https://github.com/KyleRicardo/MentoHUST-OpenWrt-ipk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mentohust-ipk</a>、<a href="https://github.com/BoringCat/luci-app-mentohust" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Luci-App-Mentohust</a></li>
</ol>
<p>Lean’s Openwrt中内核模块默认勾选了NAT6功能，因此编译时只需要勾选编译Mentohust相关的软件包即可，编译的过程在此就不赘述了。</p>
<h1 id="路由器配置"><a href="#路由器配置" class="headerlink" title="路由器配置"></a>路由器配置</h1><p>刷入固件后，先不要连接路由器的WAN口，待电脑DHCP获取到由路由器分发的IP地址后，再将网线连接到WAN口。（如果一直连接WAN口，电脑会首先获取到校园网DHCP的IP地址，此时需要断开并重启电脑与路由器的连接）</p>
<h2 id="WAN6接口配置"><a href="#WAN6接口配置" class="headerlink" title="WAN6接口配置"></a>WAN6接口配置</h2><p>在基本设置中，各项配置如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>协议：DHCPv6客户端</li>
<li>请求IPv6地址：try</li>
<li>请求指定长度的IPv6前缀：自动</li>
</ul>
<p>在高级设置中，各项配置如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用内置的IPv6管理：不勾选</li>
<li>使用对端通告的 DNS 服务器：不勾选（SCNU校园网不分发IPv6的DNS服务器地址，IPv6的地址解析全都是用v4的DNS服务器，因此需要自行指定）</li>
<li>使用自定义的DNS服务器：<code>2001:da8::666</code></li>
</ul>
<p>保存并应用，可以看到WAN口同时获得了IPv4和IPv6的地址，接下来可以进行Mentohust的配置了。</p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_wan6.png" alt="WAN口状态"></p>
<h2 id="Mentohust配置"><a href="#Mentohust配置" class="headerlink" title="Mentohust配置"></a>Mentohust配置</h2><p>打开<code>服务-MentoHUST</code>，在常规设置中进行如下配置：</p>
<ul>
<li>用户名和密码：填入自己的校园网用户名和密码</li>
<li>接口：选择WAN口网卡，我的路由器是WAN口是<code>eth0.2</code></li>
<li>Ping主机：如果需要掉线检测功能，就填入一个公网IP地址，我使用了自己的云服务器IP地址</li>
</ul>
<p>在高级设置中进行如下配置，其他无需修改：</p>
<ul>
<li>验证失败等待时间：5</li>
<li>DHCP设置：认证前</li>
<li>DHCP的脚本：<code>udhcpc -i eth0.2</code></li>
</ul>
<p>最后在常规设置中勾选启用，保存并应用，查看日志，试试能否登录成功。</p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_mentohust.png" alt="Mentohust日志"></p>
<p>确认能够连上互联网后，ssh连接路由器，尝试ping一下IPv6的地址，验证路由器是否正确获取IPv6地址并连接成功，以下是ping6的命令和执行结果。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ping6 -c 4 bt.byr.cn</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_ping6.png" alt="Ping结果"></p>
<h2 id="LAN口配置"><a href="#LAN口配置" class="headerlink" title="LAN口配置"></a>LAN口配置</h2><p>在<code>接口</code>页面，找到<code>全局网络选项</code>，修改<code>IPv6 ULA前缀</code>：</p>
<ul>
<li>将地址的首位改为<code>d</code>（你喜欢改什么都行），我从<code>fd73:1f1d:a603::/48</code>改为了<code>dd73:1f1d:a603::/48</code></li>
</ul>
<p>编辑LAN口配置，找到<code>DHCP服务器</code>，修改<code>IPv6</code>设置：</p>
<ul>
<li>路由通告服务：服务器模式</li>
<li>DHCPv6服务：服务器模式</li>
<li>NDP代理：已禁用</li>
<li>DHCPv6模式：无状态的+有状态的</li>
<li>总是通告默认路由：取消勾选</li>
</ul>
<p>保存并等待一段时间，此时电脑应该获取到了路由器自行分发的IPv6地址，LAN口也有自己的IPv6地址。</p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_interface.png" alt="接口配置"></p>
<h2 id="防火墙配置"><a href="#防火墙配置" class="headerlink" title="防火墙配置"></a>防火墙配置</h2><p>打开防火墙的<code>自定义规则</code>，添加如下一行规则并点击重启防火墙，开启IPv6数据包的转发。</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0.2 -j MASQUERADE</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="网关配置"><a href="#网关配置" class="headerlink" title="网关配置"></a>网关配置</h2><p>首先ssh登录路由器，查看当前IPv6的默认路由</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ip -6 route | grep default</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到有2条路由配置</p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_route.png" alt="默认路由"></p>
<p>复制这个<code>fe80</code>开头的IPv6地址，将当前的默认网关添加到默认路由中</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">route -A inet6 add default gw fe80::274:9cff:fe80:dc7d dev eth0.2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>再次查看当前的默认路由，可以看到有3条记录</p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_route1.png" alt="默认路由"></p>
<p>重启网络服务，验证局域网设备能否连上IPv6网络（重启后记得手动重启Mentohust服务）</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/etc/init.d/network restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>由于默认路由重启后会重置，因此需要添加一个脚本，让路由器开机自动添加默认路由</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/hotplug.d/iface/90-ipv6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加如下内容，其中的默认路由地址修改为自己的默认路由</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#!/bin/sh</span></span><br><span class="line">[ <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$ACTION</span>"</span> = ifup ] || <span class="built_in">exit</span> 0</span><br><span class="line">route -A inet6 add default gw fe80::274:9cff:fe80:dc7d dev eth0.2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>保存退出后，赋予执行权限</p>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod +x /etc/hotplug.d/iface/90-ipv6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="IPv6测试"><a href="#IPv6测试" class="headerlink" title="IPv6测试"></a>IPv6测试</h1><p>打开<a href="http://ipv6-test.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://ipv6-test.com/</a></p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_test2.png" alt="测试结果"></p>
<p>打开<a href="http://test-ipv6.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://test-ipv6.com/</a></p>
<p><img src="images/router/ipv6_test1.png" alt="测试结果"></p>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>对于SCNUNET，一开始我使用的IPv6方案为全中继的模式，路由器局域网设备IPv6地址全由上级路由器分发，局域网设备的确是获得了公网IPv6的地址，但是这个地址是上不了网的，而路由器的IPv6地址却使用正常，个人猜测是因为这些IPv6地址没有登录校园网，因此也无法使用。</p>
<p>既然在中继IPv6的方案下不可行，那就只能使用NAT6的方法了。在参考了许多篇配置的文章后，终于是配置成功了。</p>
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