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OSPP之旅（四）
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<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>在做OSPP项目的过程中，导师问我要不顺便参加OpenEuler的开源实习，正好<code>libvirt</code>有几个开源实习的任务，让我顺便一起做了。本来我就已经参加了这个活动，待在MindSpore社区，现在正好在OpenEuler社区也领一些任务做，涨涨积分。看了一下virt-sig组的任务之后，我选择先做<code>libvirt 6.2.0支持vhostuser类型磁盘</code>这个任务。</p><a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="任务分析"><a href="#任务分析" class="headerlink" title="任务分析"></a>任务分析</h1><p>目前的<code>libvirt 6.2.0</code>版本不支持<code>vhostuser</code>类型的磁盘，而最新版已经支持该特性，因此该特性应该在更高的版本中支持的，所以我们需要定位其最初支持的那个版本。定位的方法很简单，就是查询官网上面的<code>Release Changes</code>，地址在<a href="https://libvirt.org/news.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">这里</a>，通过搜索可以了解到，该特性最初在<code>libvirt 7.1.0</code>版本中支持。</p>
<p>了解到该特性最初支持的版本之后，使用Git将仓库切换到<code>v7.1.0</code>版本，搜索提交日志，将支持该特性相关的commits找出来，与当前<code>v6.2.0</code>版本的代码进行对比，观察代码的变化，确定哪些是需要进行修改的，哪些是可以保留的。在我一页页翻着Git logs时，导师发了一个<code>bugzilla</code>的<a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1884659" target="_blank" rel="noopener">链接</a>过来，里面包含了支持<code>vhostuser</code>类型磁盘相关的所有commits，使一筹莫展的我醍醐灌顶，根据链接中提到的commits分析，随后回合即可。</p>
<h1 id="回合过程"><a href="#回合过程" class="headerlink" title="回合过程"></a>回合过程</h1><h2 id="流程简介"><a href="#流程简介" class="headerlink" title="流程简介"></a>流程简介</h2><p>我的回合流程有以下几个步骤：</p>
<ol>
<li><code>git cherry-pick</code>将相关commits合并到当前分支</li>
<li>解决<code>cherry-pick</code>过程中产生的代码冲突，尚不清楚功能的新代码和新文件倾向于保留</li>
<li>尝试编译，遇到错误根据错误日志解决问题，直至编译成功</li>
<li>运行测试，根据测试结果寻找相应错误地方，并将错误解决</li>
<li>删去多余的代码，<code>cherry-pick</code>过程中不可避免的拉取了一些多余的代码，将其删去，保证代码精简</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="问题一：代码冲突"><a href="#问题一：代码冲突" class="headerlink" title="问题一：代码冲突"></a>问题一：代码冲突</h2><p><code>cherry-pick</code>过程中不可避免地会产生代码冲突，尤其是跨了一个大版本的库，因此我采取的策略如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>对于<code>Makefile</code>冲突文件，均采取舍弃的策略。由于<code>6.2.0</code>的构建系统为<code>make</code>，而<code>7.1.0</code>版本的构建系统更换为<code>meson</code>，因此有关<code>meson.build</code>的新增文件一律舍弃，并做好文件变动记录，手动在<code>Makefile</code>中添加需要编译的文件。</li>
<li>对于代码发生移动的更改，均采取舍弃的策略。在<code>7.1.0</code>版本中，许多代码从原本的文件中抽离出来，使得代码和文件结构更加模块化，而在<code>6.2.0</code>版本中，由于移动代码涉及到的变动非常大，包括：头文件、函数名、Makefile等均需要做出改动，因此只能采取舍弃的策略。</li>
<li>对于代码发生冲突的区域，分析代码的变动，在保证函数功能不发生变化的情况下合入更改。由于发生改动的函数可能被很多其他模块所使用，因此在合入更改的适合需要分析更改是否会影响到函数本身的功能，避免其他模块出现不可预测的错误。</li>
</ol>
<p>将有关commits全部合入之后，检查发生变动的所有文件，检查是否存在明显的语法错误，检查完毕后便可以尝试手动编译。</p>
<h2 id="问题二：编译错误"><a href="#问题二：编译错误" class="headerlink" title="问题二：编译错误"></a>问题二：编译错误</h2><p>下面这张图很好地说明了我在编译过程中遇到的问题</p>
<p><img src="images/ospp/compile_errors.png" alt="编译错误"></p>
<p>错误日志提供的信息还是很详细的，按照日志定位到错误的地方，解决对应的问题就可以了。我在编译过程中遇到的问题主要是<code>枚举类缺少相应枚举字段</code>以及<code>switch分支缺少对应case</code>，将其补充上即可。同时需要注意的是，<code>6.2.0</code>到<code>7.1.0</code>中间支持了很多其他特性，这些特性在<code>cherry-pick</code>的过程中同时写入到了枚举类中，但实际上并没有对应的代码支持这些特性，因此需要将这些“假支持”的特性给删掉。</p>
<p>解决完以上问题后，编译就能成功了，编译成功也意味着合入的代码在编译链接的过程中是没有错误了，剩余的工作就要测试验证功能是否正常工作。</p>
<h2 id="问题三：枚举顺序引发的惨案"><a href="#问题三：枚举顺序引发的惨案" class="headerlink" title="问题三：枚举顺序引发的惨案"></a>问题三：枚举顺序引发的惨案</h2><p>由于我没有<code>Jenkins</code>之类的自动化测试环境，我只能手动地去跑一些跟本次任务相关的测试用例，待导师上班之后再问问他如何自动化运行所有测试。</p>
<p>因为在代码回合的过程中发现修改的测试数据都集中在<code>qemucapabilitiesdata</code>这个文件夹中，因此跟本次任务相关的单元测试主要是<code>build/tests/*cap*</code>相关的测试。运行一下测试就会发现报错，并提示运行一个更为详细的debug命令，运行该命令后会得到一个详细的错误报告，提示出现错误的地方。</p>
<p><img src="images/ospp/test_errors_by_enums.jpg" alt="枚举引发的错误"></p>
<p>从上图可以看到，预期输出应为<code>vhost-user-blk</code>，而实际输出为<code>object.qapified</code>，这个错误是由枚举类的顺序错误引起的，我将这两个字段顺序放反了，却并没有注意到。这个小错误卡浪费了我一堆时间，最终在对比<code>7.1.0</code>版本中的文件历史记录时发现并想起这个问题。这也说明枚举类中的字段是按顺序编号的，顺序弄反之后输出的结果也是相反的。</p>
<p>最终，将顺序改正之后再编译一次，再次运行测试，就能全部通过了。</p>
<p><img src="images/ospp/test_success.png" alt="测试通过"></p>
<h2 id="回合总结"><a href="#回合总结" class="headerlink" title="回合总结"></a>回合总结</h2><p>回合的过程就是一个<code>Code review</code>的过程，需要我们去了解每段代码的功能，解决产生的冲突，回合的过程中需要注意的点就是尽量不影响其他代码模块的功能。同时，做好Git commit的记录，操作的步骤切分的详细一点，在出现问题后回滚便会十分方便。</p>
<h1 id="生成补丁"><a href="#生成补丁" class="headerlink" title="生成补丁"></a>生成补丁</h1><p>测试确认功能没问题后，就能够使用<code>git format-patch</code>命令根据commit记录生成Patch补丁，再将补丁应用到<code>libvirt-rpm</code>制品仓中，构建新版本的软件包，并最终测试功能。</p>
<h2 id="Format-patch"><a href="#Format-patch" class="headerlink" title="Format-patch"></a>Format-patch</h2><p>在项目根目录下创建一个文件夹，用于存放生成的Patch文件<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir patches</span><br><span class="line">git format-patch master -o patches</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>此时会生成很多补丁文件，由于旧的补丁文件在制品仓中已经存在，我们只要用自己的Commit制作的Patches即可。</p>
<h2 id="构建软件包"><a href="#构建软件包" class="headerlink" title="构建软件包"></a>构建软件包</h2><p>将制品仓的补丁和自己制作的补丁都移动到<code>~/rpmbuild/SOURCES/</code>中，同时编辑<code>libvirt.spec</code>文件，将自己制作的补丁文件按照顺序写到补丁列表中。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Patch0141: 0142-src-add-missing-virstoragefile.h-includes.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0142: 0143-virstoragefile-properly-include-virstoragefile.h-hea.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0143: 0144-virstoragefile-change-virStorageSource-drv-to-void-p.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0144: 0145-qemu_alias-introduce-qemuDomainGetVhostUserAlias-hel.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0145: 0146-docs-introduces-new-vhostuser-disk-type.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0146: 0147-conf-implement-support-for-vhostuser-disk.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0147: 0148-qemu_capabilities-introduce-vhost-user-blk-capabilit.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0148: 0149-qemu-implement-vhost-user-blk-support.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0149: 0150-qemu-capabilities-Introduce-QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_BLK_SCS.patch</span><br><span class="line">Patch0150: 0151-Set-QEMU_CAPS_VIRTIO_BLK_SCSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED-when-.patch</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后运行构建命令<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> ~/rpmbuild</span><br><span class="line">rpmbuild -ba SPECS/libvirt.spec</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>构建完成后覆盖安装升级<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo rpm -ivh RPMS/x86_64/libvirt*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="测试功能"><a href="#测试功能" class="headerlink" title="测试功能"></a>测试功能</h2><p>由于SELinux的特性会使得<code>vhost-user-blk</code>的Socket没有连接权限，因此我们需要先将SELinux关掉。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo setenforce 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>接下来创建一个<code>qcow2</code>硬盘文件，然后用<code>qemu-storage-daemon</code>创建一个<code>vhost-user-blk</code>类型的Socket。有几种不同类型的<code>vhostuser</code>硬盘，具体如何创建Socket可以参考QEMU的<a href="https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/tools/qemu-storage-daemon.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">文档</a>。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">qemu-img create -f qcow2 share-disk.qcow2 1G</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">qemu-storage-daemon \</span><br><span class="line"> --blockdev driver=file,node-name=share-file,filename=share-disk.qcow2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --blockdev driver=qcow2,node-name=share-disk,file=share-file \</span><br><span class="line"> --<span class="built_in">export</span> <span class="built_in">type</span>=vhost-user-blk,id=share-disk,addr.type=unix,addr.path=share-disk.sock,node-name=share-disk,writable=on</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>此时在目录下能够看到一个名为<code>share-disk.sock</code>的Socket文件，虚拟机硬盘配置中就可以使用这个文件了。</p>
<p>接下来编写一个虚拟机配置文件，从欧拉的文档中复制一份下来即可，将其命名为<code>openEuler.xml</code>。需要注意的是，<code>vhost-user-blk</code>类型磁盘要求内存的类型是共享的，需要在XML中配置一下<code>memoryBacking</code>。<br><figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">domain</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'qemu'</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">name</span>></span>openEuler<span class="tag"></<span class="name">name</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">memory</span> <span class="attr">unit</span>=<span class="string">'GiB'</span>></span>2<span class="tag"></<span class="name">memory</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">memoryBacking</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">source</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'memfd'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">access</span> <span class="attr">mode</span>=<span class="string">'shared'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">memoryBacking</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">vcpu</span>></span>2<span class="tag"></<span class="name">vcpu</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">os</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">type</span> <span class="attr">arch</span>=<span class="string">'aarch64'</span> <span class="attr">machine</span>=<span class="string">'virt'</span>></span>hvm<span class="tag"></<span class="name">type</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">loader</span> <span class="attr">readonly</span>=<span class="string">'yes'</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'pflash'</span>></span>/usr/share/edk2/aarch64/QEMU_EFI-pflash.raw<span class="tag"></<span class="name">loader</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">nvram</span>></span>/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/openEulerVM.fd<span class="tag"></<span class="name">nvram</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">os</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">features</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">acpi</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">gic</span> <span class="attr">version</span>=<span class="string">'3'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">features</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">cpu</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">topology</span> <span class="attr">sockets</span>=<span class="string">'1'</span> <span class="attr">cores</span>=<span class="string">'2'</span> <span class="attr">threads</span>=<span class="string">'1'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">cpu</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">iothreads</span>></span>1<span class="tag"></<span class="name">iothreads</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">clock</span> <span class="attr">offset</span>=<span class="string">'utc'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">on_poweroff</span>></span>destroy<span class="tag"></<span class="name">on_poweroff</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">on_reboot</span>></span>restart<span class="tag"></<span class="name">on_reboot</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">on_crash</span>></span>restart<span class="tag"></<span class="name">on_crash</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">devices</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">emulator</span>></span>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm<span class="tag"></<span class="name">emulator</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">disk</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'vhostuser'</span> <span class="attr">device</span>=<span class="string">'disk'</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">driver</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">'qemu'</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'qcow2'</span> <span class="attr">queues</span>=<span class="string">"1"</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">source</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'unix'</span> <span class="attr">path</span>=<span class="string">'/root/vm/share-disk.sock'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">target</span> <span class="attr">dev</span>=<span class="string">'vda'</span> <span class="attr">bus</span>=<span class="string">'virtio'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">boot</span> <span class="attr">order</span>=<span class="string">'2'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">disk</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">disk</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'file'</span> <span class="attr">device</span>=<span class="string">'cdrom'</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">driver</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">'qemu'</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'raw'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">source</span> <span class="attr">file</span>=<span class="string">'/root/vm/openEuler-22.03-LTS-aarch64-dvd.iso'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">readonly</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">target</span> <span class="attr">dev</span>=<span class="string">'sdb'</span> <span class="attr">bus</span>=<span class="string">'scsi'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">boot</span> <span class="attr">order</span>=<span class="string">'1'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">disk</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">interface</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'bridge'</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">source</span> <span class="attr">bridge</span>=<span class="string">'br0'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">model</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'virtio'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">interface</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">console</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'pty'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">video</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">model</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'virtio'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">video</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">controller</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'scsi'</span> <span class="attr">index</span>=<span class="string">'0'</span> <span class="attr">model</span>=<span class="string">'virtio-scsi'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">controller</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'usb'</span> <span class="attr">model</span>=<span class="string">'ehci'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'tablet'</span> <span class="attr">bus</span>=<span class="string">'usb'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">input</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'keyboard'</span> <span class="attr">bus</span>=<span class="string">'usb'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">graphics</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'vnc'</span> <span class="attr">port</span>=<span class="string">'5900'</span> <span class="attr">listen</span>=<span class="string">'0.0.0.0'</span> <span class="attr">passwd</span>=<span class="string">'n8VfjbFK'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">devices</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">seclabel</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">'dynamic'</span> <span class="attr">model</span>=<span class="string">'dac'</span> <span class="attr">relabel</span>=<span class="string">'yes'</span>/></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">domain</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>定义并启动虚拟机，使用VNC连接虚拟机屏幕，观察虚拟机是否启动成功，硬盘是否正确地挂载，能够正确地读写文件。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">virsh define openEuler.xml</span><br><span class="line">virsh start openEuler</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><img src="images/ospp/vhostuser_vm_start.jpg" alt="启动虚拟机"></p>
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