979.Distribute-Coins-in-Binary-Tree.md

979. Distribute Coins in Binary Tree

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题目地址

https://leetcode.com/problems/distribute-coins-in-binary-tree/

题目描述

Given the root of a binary tree with N nodes, each node in the tree has node.val coins, and there are N coins total.

In one move, we may choose two adjacent nodes and move one coin from one node to another.  (The move may be from parent to child, or from child to parent.)

Return the number of moves required to make every node have exactly one coin.

Example 1:
Input: [3,0,0]
Output: 2
Explanation: From the root of the tree, we move one coin to its left child, and one coin to its right child.

Example 2:
Input: [0,3,0]
Output: 3
Explanation: From the left child of the root, we move two coins to the root [taking two moves].  Then, we move one coin from the root of the tree to the right child.

Example 3:
Input: [1,0,2]
Output: 2

Example 4:
Input: [1,0,0,null,3]
Output: 4
 
Note:
1<= N <= 100
0 <= node.val <= N

代码

Approach #1 DFS

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
  int ans;
  public int distributeCoins(TreeNode root) {
		ans = 0;
    dfs(root);
    return ans;
  }
  
  public int dfs(TreeNode node) {
    if (node == null)	return 0;
    int L = dfs(node.left);
    int R = dfs(node.right);
    ans += Math.abs(L) + Math.abs(R);
    return node.val + L + R - 1;
  }
}

Approach #2 Abs(nodes - coins)

Both of these two operations will create moves in the tree. And we just need to add the absolute value of the (# nodes - # coins) to the final result because the move can be "contribute" or "take". The time complexity is O(n) because we are just traversing the tree.

class Solution {
    int moves = 0;
    public int distributeCoins(TreeNode root) {
        getNumAndCoins(root);
        return moves;
    }
    
    /*
     * return [number_of_nodes_in_subtree, number_of_total_coins_in_subtree]
     */
    private int[] getNumAndCoins(TreeNode node) {
        if (node == null) return new int[] {0, 0};
        int[] left = getNumAndCoins(node.left);
        int[] right = getNumAndCoins(node.right);
        moves += Math.abs(left[0] - left[1]) + Math.abs(right[0] - right[1]);
        return new int[] {left[0] + right[0] + 1, left[1] + right[1] + node.val};
    }
}